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surface energetic properties of mineral oxides are important in many applications since oxide surfaces in practice have generally come in contact with water molecules it is important to know how water coverage affects the surface properties in this work five oxide samples namely mgo alo tio sno and sio are heattreated to various extents to produce different degrees of hydration and characterized thereafter by inverse gas chromatography water contents of the treated samples are determined independently by karl fischer titration and TPS surface areas are measured by the bet method the results show that in general as water coverage decreases the lifshitzvan der waals component of the TPS surface free energy sigmaslw increases but the acidbase interaction potential deltagab decreases these attributes are more sensitive to changes in water coverage at lower coverages where the surface is presumed to consist of patches of molecular water and unhydrated hydroxyl CG | MEDAL |
a yearold man presented with subacute dyspnea cough WL and mild fever blood analysis revealed an elevated creactive protein level chest xray and ct of the chest showed alveolar opacities with a migratory tendency during the clinical course T3 extensive diagnostics treatment with prednisolone under the presumed diagnosis of a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia was started which lead to a rapid clinical response | MEDAL |
the purpose of the present T0 was to determine the role of the SVR venous circulation in the hemodynamic alterations of the cirrhotic disease cardiac SO TD n mean circulatory filling pressure balloon technique n and blood volume EB dye n were investigated in a rat model of LC without ascites induced by a week individualized cclphenobarbital treatment compared with control rats conscious cirrhotic rats showed a hyperdynamic circulation characterized by normotension high cardiac output vs mlmin g p less than and expanded blood volume vs ml g p less than there were no significant differences between control and cirrhotic rats in mean circulatory filling pressure vs mm hg respectively or in the pressure gradient for venous return vs mm hg respectively to further examine the VT effective V1 compliance was estimated with the V1 fillingblood volume relationship by measuring the V1 filling before and after rapid changes in volume mlkg compliance was similar in both control and cirrhotic rats and mlmm hg but the V1 fillingtotal blood volume relationship of the cirrhotic rats was displaced toward the volume axis in conclusion the increase in blood volume without changes in mean circulatory filling pressure or A-V tone of the cirrhotic rats indicates a situation with venodilation and elevated total venous capacity this is likely to be an important mechanism that could explain the hyperdynamic circulation of the cirrhotic disease | MEDAL |
to meet growing demands for electric automotive and regenerative energy storage applications researchers all over the world have sought to increase the ED of EC capacitors hybridizing batterycapacitor electrodes can overcome the ED limitation of the conventional electrochemical capacitors because they employ both the system of a batterylike redox and a capacitorlike doublelayer electrode producing a larger working voltage and capacitance however to balance such asymmetric systems the rates for the redox portion must be substantially increased to the levels of doublelayer process which presents a significant challenge an in situ material processing technology called ultracentrifuging uc treatment has been used to prepare a novel ultrafast litio lto nanocrystal electrode for capacitive energy storage this account describes an extremely highperformance supercapacitor that utilizes highly optimized nanonanoltocarbon composites prepared via the uc treatment the uctreated lto nanocrystals are grown as either nanosheets or NPs and both have hyperlinks to two types of nanocarbons carbon nanofibers and supergrowth singlewalled carbon nanotubes the spinel structured lto has been prepared with two types of hyperdispersed carbons the uc treatment at g stoichiometrically accelerates the in situ solgel reaction hydrolysis followed by polycondensation and further forms anchors and grafts the nanoscale lto precursors onto the carbon matrices the mechanochemical solgel reaction is followed by a short heattreatment process in vacuo this immediate treatment with heat is very important for achieving optimal crystallization inhibiting oxidative decomposition of carbon matrices and suppressing agglomeration such nanocrystal composites can store and deliver energy at the highest rate attained to this date the chargedischarge profiles indicate a very high sustained capacity of mah g at an extremely high rate of c using this ultrafast material we assembled a hybrid device called a nanohybrid capacitor that consists of a faradaic liintercalating lto electrode and a nonfaradaic ac electrode employing an anion typically bf adsorptiondesorption process the nanohybrid capacitor cell has demonstrated remarkable SE SP and cycleability performance as an EC capacitor electrode it also exhibits the same ion adsorptiondesorption process rates as those of standard AC electrodes in EC capacitors the newgeneration nanohybrid capacitor technology produced more than triple the ED of a conventional electrochemical capacitor moreover the synthetic simplicity of the highperformance nanostructures makes it possible to scale them up for largevolume material production and further applications in many other EC SE storage devices | MEDAL |
to T0 the molecular mechanism how cortical Az are specialized in AD primates we searched for areaspecific genes in macaque monkeys and found striking enrichment of serotonin hydroxytryptamine ht b receptor mrna and to a lesser extent of hta receptor mrna in the primary visual area v in situ hybridization analyses revealed that both mrna species were highly concentrated in the geniculorecipient layers iva and ivc where they were coexpressed in the same neurons monocular inactivation by tetrodotoxin i.t. resulted in a strong and rapid h downregulation of these mrnas suggesting the retinal activity dependency of their expression consistent with the high expression level in v clear modulatory effects of htb and hta receptor agonists on the responses of v neurons were observed in in vivo electrophysiological experiments the modulatory effect of the htb agonist was dependent on the FR of the recorded SN the effect tended to be facilitative for SN with a high firing rate and suppressive for those with a low FR the hta agonist showed opposite effects these results suggest that this serotonergic system controls the visual response in v for optimization of information processing toward the incoming visual inputs | MEDAL |
the hyperornithinemiahyperammonemiahomocitrullinuria hhh syndrome mim is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial Orn transporter one of the urea cycle components mutations in the slca gene have been coupled to the hhh syndrome we describe a japanese female patient with the hhh syndrome due to a novel homozygous rx slca mutation and male sibling who presumably carried the same mutation he exhibited slowly progressive deterioration with seizures a gait disturbance due to polyneuropathy episodic confusion and died of acute encephalopathy at years of age while the proband exhibited moderate mental retardation seizures mild SPG and deafness without neurological deterioration for more than years the clinical features of previously documented patients with the homozygous slca mutation demonstrated that genotype did not simply correlate with clinical severity the phenotypic R2 might depend on other factors such as dietary and other genetic ones | MEDAL |
cyclamate cyclohexylamine saccharin boiled saccharin organic extracts of this sweetener and possible impurities including ots and pts were evaluated for potential mutagenic activity by the salmonellamammalian liver microsome test on salmonella typhimurium ta ta ta and ta extracts only on ta with doses up to at least micrograms per SP with and without metabolic activation no mutagenic activity was established either for cyclamate cyclohexylamine or saccharin or for some of the possible impurities of CS synthesized by the remsenfahlberg or maumee process only organic extract gave inconclusive results in consecutive experiments no mutagenic activity was noted for saccharin refluxed for h in solution | MEDAL |
the heart outcomes prevention DUE hope T0 has provided evidence for the use of ramipril for secondary cardiac prevention for patients with PAD despite this many vascular surgeons and GA practitioners are reluctant to prescribe ace inhibitors in a group of patients perceived to have a high incidence of renal aerase and hemorrhage at h it also significantly reduced histological damage such as edema and parenchymal and fat necroses of the pancreatic tissue this spla inhibitor could become an ERP agent for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis | MEDAL |
the fshort form of the rat prl receptor fsprlr form acts as a dominant negative inhibitor in vitro we have developed a TGM model in which the rat fsprlr was expressed in mammary epithelium under the control of the mouse mammary RT virus promoter two lines of mice were characterized and shown to express the transgene in the MG no developmental CA or differences from wildtype littermates were observed on the basis of size activity or fertility mice with a low level of Tg expression had a mammary phenotype similar to the wild type however mice overexpressing the Tg C2 much higher than those of the endogenous long prlr transcript had impaired MG differentiation and lactation in these mice wholemount and histological analyses demonstrated normal ductal development but severely reduced lobuloalveolar outgrowth signal transducer and activator of transcription phosphorylation and expression of betacasein and whey acidic protein gene were decreased in vivo bromodeoxyuridine incorporation at midpregnancy showed that the reduction in mammary OD was not due to an inhibition of ductal growth and sidebranching this model demonstrates for the first time in vivo a function of the sprlr and a local and targeted effect of prl on the MG that are essential for its function but not for its OD | MEDAL |
to investigate the activity of bilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle satellite cell T3 denervation or reinnervation with ansa cervicalis | MEDAL |
substance abuse is a complex SMB that is caused by both environmental and genetic AF work to understand the genetic factors has focused on genes related to dopamine activity because of its critical role in rewarding and reinforcing behaviors the drd and other dopamine receptor subtypes are expressed in many Az of the limbic system and have been the objects of study for their possible roles in several NP disorders interest in SCV of the d gene was heightened by reports that some alleles were more frequent in individuals who score high on novelty seeking an aspect of personality that may be related to drug seeking behavior we now show that the long form of the drd gene is more frequent in individuals with high quantityfrequency of drug use compared to controls chi df p odds ratio ci there is no difference in drd allele frequencies in these samples and there is no interaction of drd alleles with those of the catecholamineomethyl GOT gene comt that we previously identified to be more frequent in substance abusers than controls vandenbergh et al am j med gen | MEDAL |
patients with respiratory failure often require supplemental oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation although both supportive measures are necessary to guarantee adequate oxygen uptake they can also cause or worsen lung inflammation and injury hyperoxiainduced lung injury is characterized by neutrophil infiltration into the lungs the uPA receptor upar has been deemed important for leukocyte trafficking to determine the expression and CF of neutrophil upar during hyperoxiainduced lung injury upar expression was determined on pulmonary neutrophils of mice exposed to hyperoxia hyperoxia exposure o for days elicited a pulmonary inflammatory response as reflected by a profound rise in the number of neutrophils that were recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung cell suspensions as well as increased bronchoalveolar keratinocytederived chemokine interleukin total protein and ALP phosphatase levels in addition hyperoxia induced the migration of uparpositive granulocytes into lungs from wildtype mice compared with healthy control mice exposed to room air upar deficiency was associated with diminished PMNL influx into both lung tissues and BAL spaces which was accompanied by a strong reduction in lung injury furthermore in upar mice activation of coagulation was diminished these data suggest that upar plays a detrimental role in hyperoxiainduced lung injury and that upar deficiency is associated with diminished neutrophil influx into both lung tissues and bronchoalveolar spaces accompanied by decreased pulmonary injury | MEDAL |
patients with concomitant cardiac and cerebrovascular disease undergoing revascularization procedures are at high risk of both cardiac and cerebrovascular complications the purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of prior elective CAS as an alternative treatment procedure to carotid endarterectomy cea in patients with concomitant coronary i.a. disease cad who clearly needed coronary revascularization we offered extracranial ICA stenting to patients with significant carotid stenoses out of these patients were symptomatic the quantitative mean reduction in diameter was stent implantation was successful in lesions two disabling L1 and reversible minor strokes occurred periprocedurally three patients showed asymptomatic restenosis and stent deformation was detected in patients based on this experience carotid stenting in high risk patients with severe PD disease is feasible and safe and might be indicated as an alternative procedure for combined surgery | MEDAL |
acute renal failure arf with loin pain T3 exercise with development of wedgeshaped contrast enhancement on computed tomography ct has been described as a new disease entity we report patients who developed arf with severe loin pain after exercise showing wedgeshaped lesions both on ct and ultrasonography renal ultrasonography showed indistinct wedgeshaped lesions when performed at oliguric or REC phase of arf whereas it showed distinct lesions when done between these two phases contrast ct performed at the recovery phase disclosed distinct wedgeshaped lesions our findings suggested that the best time to detect these lesions by ultrasonography is between at the beginning of diuresis and at the time of SS creatinine C2 of mgdl | MEDAL |
this prospective T0 describes and evaluate the amygdala is a critical component of the neuroanatomical AS circuit it plays a role in the generation of responses to emotional stimuli the central cea and medial mea amygdaloid nuclei are implicated in activation of the HPA hpa axis the immunoreactivity ir of cfos ngf and its receptor trka following acute and chronic openfield AS were studied in the cea and mea nuclei of the amygdala the material consisted of male adult rats divided into three CG nonstressed control animals rats exposed to acute once only lasting min and chronic min daily over days aversive stimulation openfield exposure the brains were stained with the use of immunohistochemical methods for cfos ngf or trka in the control rats cfos trka and ngfir cells were observed in the nuclei studied but the quantity varied being moderate or high immunoreactive to trka and ngf or low immunoreactive to cfos in the animals exposed to acute openfield stress the number of cfosir ngfir and trkair cells in the nuclei under examination was differentiated but higher than that in the control animals in the animals exposed to chronic openfield stress the number of cfosir cells in the nuclei studied was similar and was smaller than those in animals exposed to acute AS the number of trkair neurons was also lower in comparison to that in animals exposed to acute AS however no significant differences in the number of ngfir cells were observed between the groups exposed to acute and chronic AS diverse expression of cfos protein following both acute and chronic stress stimulation may prove the PET heterogeneity of the AM nuclei investigated the decrease observed in both cfos and trkair in mea only trka in cea of animals exposed to chronic stress may indicate the phenomenon of habituation | MEDAL |
experimental CL tumours were induced in the hooded lister rat by the intraportal inoculation of hsn sarcoma cells the hepatic perfusion index was raised days T3 the inoculation of cells at the micrometastatic stage and when overt tumour was present days T3 inoculation overt tumours were hypovascular compared with NL portal venous flow and portal venous inflow fell significantly when the HPI was increased but HAF did not alter portal V1 resistance and splanchnic V1 resistance were both increased in tumourbearing animals but portal pressure arteriosystemic shunting and portosystemic shunting did not increase significantly at any stage during the growth of hepatic tumour these findings confirm that the hepatic perfusion index can be elevated in the presence of both micrometastic and overt hepatic tumour and that the changes are not due to either arteriosystemic shunting or mechanical portal venous obstruction | MEDAL |
metalcatalyzed oxidative modification of proteins is implicated in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes the reaction is presumed to proceed via a sitespecific free radical mechanism with the sitespecificity conferred by a cationbinding site on the protein the oxidation of bacterial glutamine synthetase has been studied in detail providing the opportunity to examine whether the oxidation is consistent with a sitespecific radical reaction oxidation leads to the appearance of carbonyl groups in CAA side chains of the protein and labeling of those carbonyl groups with fluoresceinamine facilitated purification of the Ox peptide from a tryptic digest the Ox residue was Arg which was converted to a gammaglutamyl semialdehyde residue histidine had previously been shown to be converted to asparagine during metalcatalyzed oxidation both Arg and histidine are situated at the metalnucleotide IB pocket of the enzymes AS site thus establishing the sitespecificity of the oxidation | MEDAL |
testosterone or its estrogenic metabolite is thought to be necessary to activate male rat sexual SMB however SVR injections of dopamine agonists alone or in combination with exogenous testosterone can partially restore copulatory behavior during the prolonged period of its postcastration decline the present experiments tested the ability of the dopamine agonist apomorphine injected systemically or into the MPO area mpoa to restore copulation in longterm castrates that had failed to copulate on two successive weekly tests in experiment SVR i.v. of apomorphine increased the number of mounts and intromissions in castrated males compared to vehicle in castrates given subthreshold TP tp AP increased the number of mounts in experiment microinjections of AP into the mpoa increased the number of mounts in animals without tp subthreshold tp had no significant effects in either experiment either CT or interacting with AP these results suggest that stimulation of dopamine receptors can partially restore copulation even T3 its virtual elimination furthermore dopamine receptors in the mpoa may contribute to sexual arousal in longterm castrates | MEDAL |
an activitytunable biocatalyst for nannochloropsis sp cellwalls Kd was prepared by coimmobilization of cellulase and lysozyme on the surface of aminofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles mnps employing glutaraldehyde the competition between cellulase and lysozyme during immobilization was caused by the limited AS sites of the mnps the maximum REC of MICs cellulase and lysozyme were achieved due to synergistic effects during dualenzyme coimmobilization the thermal stability in terms of halflife of the coimmobilized enzymes was three times higher than that in free form and had higher catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cell walls moreover the coimmobilized enzymes showed greater thermal stability and wider ph tolerance than free enzymes under harsh conditions furthermore the coimmobilized enzymes retained up to of the residual activity after being recycled times this study provides a feasible RPA for the industrialization of enzyme during cellwalls disruption and lipids extraction from nannochloropsis sp | MEDAL |
the present study investigated a potential role for glucocorticoid gr and mineralocorticoid mr receptors in the detrimental effects of single cocaine coc administration on both the number of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule psancampositive SN and the induction of LT potentiation ltp in the rat DG dg the effects of coc mgkg ip on the number of psancampositive neurons and the induction of ltp observed days T3 coc administration were abolished either by depleting circulating corticosterone after administration of metyrapone mgkg sc given h before coc or by pharmacologically blocking grs using mifepristone ru mgkg sc given h before coc administration of the mr blocker spironolactone mgkg sc given h before coc did not alter the effects of coc on the number of psancampositive neurons or ltp induction results have also shown that coc does not change the rate of cell proliferation as measured by the presence of ki and the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine mgkg ip given h T3 coc into the newly born cells in the dg days T3 coc administration finally we observed that grs colocalized with some but not all psancampositive SN whereas mrs showed no colocalization with SN positive for psancam in the dg these data indicate that a single dose of coc may arrest hippocampal susceptibility to plastic changes and lead to PET impairments through the alteration of HPC structure and the formation of memory traces | MEDAL |
among the various benzodiazepines large differences exist with regard to their pharmacokinetic properties and metabolism in man some are eliminated from the body at a relatively slow rate e g diazepam others are metabolized rather rapidly e g oxazepam temazepam triazolam several benzodiazepines have the LA metabolite ndesmethyldiazepam in common diazepam fosazepam prazepam clorazepate such differences may be very important clinically because pharmacokinetic AF will determine the duration of drug effect and pharmacokinetic parameters constitute the basis for a rational dosage regimen for the various clinical indications of benzodiazepines the required duration of drug action differs quite fundamentally in anticonvulsant and antianxiety treatment continuous treatment is pursued so that compounds with long elimination halflives of parent drug or AS metabolites are of advantage if on the other hand a benzodiazepine is taken as a hypnotic the duration of action should be restricted to the night hence a compound with a short beta halflife is to be preferred a review is given of the pharmacokinetics of the L1 benzodiazepines presently available | MEDAL |
the following is a case report bladder of sarcomatoid carcinoma in a japanese year old female patient treated with hemodialysis she developed chronic renal failure due to chronic glomerulonephritis fifteen months after the beginning of the hemodialysis continuous gross hematuria was noticed and cystoscopy revealed a broadbased bladder RT spreading from the RL wall to the posterior wall the histopathologic diagnosis of the turbt specimens was sarcoma radical cystectomy was performed under the diagnosis clinical stage iii tbnm the postoperative histopathologic diagnosis of the tumor was sarcomatoid carcinoma composed of nests of MBT-2 g and predominant Az of spindle cell sarcomatoid transformation sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder in a hemodialysis patient is extremely rare and to date this may be only the second case in japanese medical literature | MEDAL |
a yearold woman was admitted to our department with ESRD due to reflux nephropathy she had no PH of deep VT T3 pretransplantation DUE her father was accepted for kidney donation we observed intraoperatively that the patients iliac veins and IVC ivc were absent there were many venous collaterals but none of them was dilated enough for renal vein anastomosis since we could not find a suitable vein for venous drainage of the allograft we decided to stop donor surgery and postpone renal transplantation rt for detailed radiologic examination CECT revealed the absence of an infrahepatic segment of ivc SMV was thin portal and splenic veins were normal but we decided not to use them for A-V drainage because of increased risk of torsion we informed the patient and her family about the situation and cancelled rt iliac vein and ivc anomalies are not absolute contraindications for rt but when a dilated collateral vein is not present or when there is no option for safe renal vein anastomosis as in our case rt may not be possible | MEDAL |
although precordial murmurs occur frequently during pregnancy their origin is rarely known to investigate the nature of these murmurs dimensional d and PDE was performed in asymptomatic Pr women who had new systolic precordial murmurs endsystolic RA atrial dimensions early diastolic tricuspid anular diameters and EDV RA ventricular diameters were measured from the apical chamber view and compared with measurements from young nonpregnant women without known HR disease TR tr was detected by pulsed doppler echocardiography in of Pr women thirtytwo Pr women had normal dimensional and pulsed doppler echocardiographic findings other valvular or congenital lesions were detected in pregnant women the rightsided intracardiac diameters were larger in all CG of Pr women than in nonpregnant control subjects p less than the tricuspid anular diameter was larger in the Pr women with tr than in pregnant women with normal PD echocardiographic findings vs mm p less than no patient had clinical difficulty associated with a murmur PET tr therefore often occurs in pregnancy and appears to be a result of dilation of the tricuspid anulus tr may contribute to the development of murmurs in pregnant women | MEDAL |
approximately of PP women suffer from longlasting pelvic girdle pain pgp the etiology and pathogenesis of pgp are still unclear the aim of this T0 was to examine whether subjects with and without persisting pgp and disability differed with respect to their ability to voluntarily contract the deep abdominals tra and io and to the strength of the pelvic floor muscles pfm twenty subjects with persisting pgp recovered from pgp were examined contractions of the deep abdominal muscles tra and io were imaged by realtime ultrasound vaginal palpation and observation were used to assess the womens ability to perform correct a pfm contraction pfm strength was measured by a vaginal balloon catheter connected to a pressure transducer the active straight leg raise test was used to assess the ability of load transfer the results showed no statistical significant difference between the CG in increase of muscle thickness of the deep ABD muscles tra p and io p or regarding pfm strength p the ability to voluntarily contract the deep abdominal muscles and the strength of the pfms are apparently not associated to pgp however the results are based on a small sample and additional studies are needed | MEDAL |
the effects of tracheobronchial suction before and T3 neuromuscular blockade with vecuronium mgkg ed x group a and atracurium mgkg ed x group b on intracranial pressure were studied in neurosurgical patients with a GCS despite adequate sedation moderate to severe DIA movements bucking and coughing in response to carinal stimulation with significant increases in intracranial pressure a sd to sd mmhg b sd to sd mmhg and subsequent decreases in rCBF pressure group a sd to sd mmhg group b sd to sd mmhg could be observed without muscle EC50 after a bolus dose of VEC or atracurium profound neuromuscular paralysis quantified by the posttetanic count was observed after an onset time of sd s VEC and sd s atracurium slight diaphragmatic movements could be elicited in only two patients in group a and in two patients in group b during tracheal suction intracranial pressure group a sd to sd mmhg group b sd to sd mmhg and rCBF pressure group a sd to sd mmhg group b sd to sd mmhg remained unchanged when coordinating respiratory therapy in neurosurgical intensive care patients profound neuromuscular block quantified by a posttetanic count of at least for vecuronium and for atracurium it is necessary to rule out any impact of DIA movement on intracranial pressureabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
amyands hernia is defined as an inguinal hernia within the hernial sac containing the appendix it is a rare disease reported in of cases of IH repair the appendix can be complicated by AA in of cases this disease is often very difficult to diagnose and most of the time it can be confused with an incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia often it requires an emergent surgical treatment this article describes the case of a yearold female who was admitted for an intestinal one and a bulge in the right inguinal region an abdominal computed tomography scan showed dilated small bowel loops with multiple airliquid levels and one loop herniating into the right inguinal canal the patient underwent a laparotomy that showed the presence of an acute appendicitis and a necrotized ileal loop protruding into the RA inguinal canal the patient underwent an appendectomy and SB resection and she was discharged on postoperative day amyands hernia can be a challenge for the surgeon its treatment depends on the grade of inflammation of the appendix in fact it can range from the simple repair of the ABD defect with a prosthetic mesh to appendectomy SBR and repair of the ABD wall defect without a mesh | MEDAL |
to clarify the histopathologic characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis aip based on comparison with both chronic alcoholic one cap and chronic obstructive one cop | MEDAL |
for a long time colicin m was known for killing susceptible escherichia coli cells by interfering with cell wall PGN biosynthesis but its precise mode of action was only recently elucidated this bacterial toxin was demonstrated to be an enzyme that catalyzes the TPS degradation of PGN lipid intermediate ii thereby provoking the arrest of peptidoglycan synthesis and cell lysis the discovery of this activity renewed the interest in this colicin and opened the way for biochemical and structural analyses of this new class of enzyme phosphoesterase the ID of a few orthologs produced by pathogenic strains of pseudomonas further enlarged the field of investigation the present article aims at reviewing recently acquired knowledge on the biology of this small family of bacteriocins | MEDAL |
the normal role of alzheimers disease adlinked amyloid precursor protein app in the brain remains incompletely understood previous studies have reported that lack of app has detrimental effects on spines and EP parameters app has been described to be important in synaptic pruning during development the effect of app KO on mature synapses is complicated by this role in development we previously reported on differential changes in synaptic proteins and receptors in app mutant ad transgenic compared to wildtype SN which revealed selective decreases in levels of pre and postsynaptic proteins including of surface glutamate receptors in the present T0 we undertook a similar analysis of synaptic composition but now in app knockout compared to wildtype mouse SN here we demonstrate alterations in levels of selective pre and postsynaptic proteins and receptors in app KO compared to wildtype mouse primary SN in SC and brains of mice in youth and adulthood remarkably we demonstrate selective increases in levels of synaptic proteins such as glua in neurons with app KO and with rnai knockdown which tended to be opposite to the reductions seen in ad transgenic app mutant compared to wildtype neurons these data reinforce that app is important for the normal composition of synapses | MEDAL |
the expression of surface membrane antigens on IP blood monocytes pbm of cattle of the boran and ndama breeds activated with recombinant cytokines TNF and ifngamma and during exp infection with trypanosoma congolense was investigated using monoclonal antibodies moabs and fluoresceinactivated MACS facs the surface antigens investigated were cbi receptor major histocompartibility mhc ii complex ia antigen and two monocytemacrophage mphi differentiation antigens the study revealed that both cytokines caused the enhancement of the expression of all the pbm surface antigens studied rbolfngammaat low concentrations was more efficient in causing the activation of pbm while the pbm of boran cattle were more significantly G1 to express the CR3 visà vis the ia antigen than ndama cattle the reverse was the case with the pbm of ndama cattle which expressed more ia antigens than boran pbm similar results were observed during t congolense infection in the two breeds of cattle the significantly higher expression of cbi receptor and correspondingly lower ia antigen expression by the pbm of boran cattle both during trypanosomosis and in vitro may be responsible for the higher rate of erythrocyte phagocytems inadequate vitamin a nutrition during early pregnancy may account for some pediatric congenital CA | MEDAL |
five bone marrow transplant recipients who died of respiratory failure were retrospectively analyzed with PCR reaction pcr CA for pulmonary cytomegalovirus cmv infection two patients had cmv interstitial pneumonitis according to the virus isolation and the histologic and immunofluorescent examinations of the lungs while the other three patients had noncmv diseases ie idiopathic IP pulmonary aspergillosis or streptococcus mitis septicemia cytomegalovirus dna was amplified from the postmortem lung tissue with pcr the pcr assay showed apparent pcr signals TPS to cmv dna in the two patients with cmv pneumonitis in contrast cmv dna was hardly detectable or undetectable in the three patients without cmv disease with quantitative pcr assay the initial cmv copy number in the lung tissue of the two patients with cmv pneumonitis was more than copiesmicrograms dna and was over fold more than that of the three patients without cmv pneumonitis these results show that QPCR assay could be useful as a diagnostic measure for pulmonary cmv infection | MEDAL |
when cardiogenic shock complicates RVI it is widely appreciated that rational therapy can only be achieved by use of CPV expansion and inotropic agents guided by invasive monitoring cohn et al in these cases there is a high incidence of symptomatic CHB and serious atrial and VVI dysrhythmias cohn thus A-V access may be required for monitoring pacing infusion of fluid and vasoactive or antiarrhythmic drugs a case of right ventricular infarction complicated by CS HR block multiple arrhythmias and severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure is described technical problems in venous access were encountered and overcome by the use of a single multipurpose catheter for haemodynamic monitoring infusion of drugs and fluids and passage of a pacing wire we believe that this is the first description of the use of such a catheter in the united kingdom although the use of a multipurpose pulmonary i.a. flotation catheter with fixed pacing electrodes has been described before zaidan freniere | MEDAL |
solidphase microextraction spme with a microm polydimethylsiloxane film fiber was applied to the determination of methadone and ethylidinediphenylpyrrolidine eddp by gcms in human saliva and compared with LLE a shorter extraction time of min with the fiber was obtained speeding up the total analysis time linearity was found for spme from to microgml r for methadone r for eddp with precision between and for saliva spiked with and microgml of MTD and eddp the limit of PCD using spme was microgml for methadone and microgml for eddp analytical recoveries of spme and liquidliquid extraction ranged from to the use of deuterated internal standard by both methods have yielded comparable results thus the spme method is highly accurate precise and useful for determination of methadone and eddp in saliva | MEDAL |
the clinical presentations of CL abscess hepatoma and metastatic tumor to the liver may be quite similar and procedures such as computerized tomography radionuclide scanning and ultrasonography of the CL cannot make a TPS diagnosis therefore we compared the clinical presentations of patients seen during the last five years with CL PA patients hepatoma eight patients and undifferentiated carcinoma M1 to the liver patients patients with ALA were distinguished from the other two CG by a significantly shorter prodrome a history of known risk factors for liver abscess fever leukocytosis and a normalsized CL p values all less than a finding of three or more of these criteria correctly identified all cases of CL abscess only one of the patients with neoplasms had three of the criteria the presence of multiple or single lesions ABD pain weight loss or LF abnormalities did not differ significantly among the three CG thus patients with liver abscess can be reliably differentiated from patients with hepatic neoplasms by clinical criteria alone and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy can be started while the diagnosis is being confirmed | MEDAL |
we determined the prevalence and incidence of hbv and hcv infection in people who inject drugs pwids at high risk for hiv in china and thailand and determined the association of hbv and hcv incidence with urine opiate test results and with ST versus LT buprenorphinenaloxone bn treatment use in a randomized clinical trial hptn of pwids in china and of pwids in thailand were hbsag positive at baseline among hbsag negative participants the hbsag incidence rate was PY in china and person years in thailand of pwids in china and of in thailand were hcv antibody positive at baseline the hcv confirmed seroincidence rate among hcv antibody negative pwids was PY in china and PY in thailand incident hbsag was not significantly different in the ST versus longterm bn arm in china or thailand participants with positive opiate results in at least of their urines during the time period were at increased risk of incident hbsag hr ci to p in china but not incident hcv conversion in china or thailand | MEDAL |
in this paper the authors report a review of the clinical records from to of the institut of iv clinica chirurgica of rome of esophageal leiomyoma we report on cases three males and four females their ages ranged from to years mean years the most frequent PS were dysphagia loss weight and slight epigastralgia barium meal esophagoscopy esophageal manometry tac are the most sensitive procedures for a correct preoperative diagnosis the therapy of choice is surgical treatment however surgery is conservative extramucosal enucleation of the leiomyoma is the procedures of choice the postoperative course was free of complications the LT results were excellent | MEDAL |
the participation of apoptotic cell in the generalized shwartzman reaction was examined the GSR was induced in mice by two consecutive i.v. of lipopolysaccharide vascular endothelial cells in various organs of those mice were stained positively by the in situ TPS labeling of fragmented dna renal tubules were also stained focally it was suggested that AI cell death might participate in the OD of vascular endothelial cell damage and acute tubular CN in the generalized shwartzman reaction simultaneous administration of antigammainterferon antibody in the preparative injection of lipopolysaccharide CR blocked apoptosis of VE cells priming with recombinant gammainterferon instead of lipopolysaccharide could produce apoptosis of V1 EC cells it was suggested that gammainterferon might play a critical role on sensitization of endothelial cells for apoptosis | MEDAL |
the biological MICs of several previously synthesized j a montgomery et al j med chem adeninesubstituted analogs of deoxymethylthio or deoxyethylthioadenosine including the fluoroadenine chloroadenine diaminopurine azaadenine and aminopyrazolo dpyrimidinecontaining derivatives have been reexamined it is demonstrated that many of these analogs are cleaved to their respective free base analogs by MTA phosphorylase mtapase an enzyme associated with polyamine biosynthesis and that this reaction is necessary for the cytotoxic action of these mta analogs to be fully expressed evidence to support this includes the growth of two mtapasecontaining human Caco-2 cell lines the hct and dld lines was inhibited by these analogs whereas an mtapasedeficient cell line the ccrfcem human tcell one was relatively insensitive to their cytotoxic action extracts of the mtapasecontaining Caco-2 cell lines were able to cleave these analogs to their respective free base analogs in contrast extracts of mtapasedeficient ccrfcem cells were unable to cleave these analogs intact colon carcinoma cells converted these mta analogs to their corresponding phosphorylated analog nucleotides whereas ccrfcem cells did not at least to detectable C2 and the mta analog deoxyethylthioaminopyrazolo dpyrimidine ribonucleoside which is not a substrate of mtapase did not form analog nucleotides and was essentially noncytotoxic to all cell lines tested whereas the corresponding adenine analog aminopyrazolo dpyrimidine readily formed analog nucleotides and was highly cytotoxic to all the lines it is postulated that the corresponding adenine analog phosphorylated nucleotides are the primary active metabolites of these mta analogs having been formed by the cleavage of these nucleosides to free adenine analogs by mtapase followed by the conversion of these base analogs to analog nucleotides by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and the enzymes of adenine nucleotide phosphorylation this pathway represents a novel drugactivation system for the synthesis of analog nucleotides and has the potential to be exploited chemotherapeutically | MEDAL |
hemodynamic performance and core temperature were recorded during TURP in patients who were stratified according to cardiac symptom score and then randomized to undergo standard or isothermic transurethral prostatectomy during the standard procedure ambient temperature c irrigant was used while during isothermic prostatectomy warmed irrigant at c was used to prevent heat loss from the bladder and a warming blanket and humidifying filter were used to decrease cutaneous and RHL core temperature decreased by a mean of c confidence interval to during standard transurethral prostatectomy and by c to during the isothermic procedure the standard prostatectomy group showed a significant hemodynamic response consisting of increased mean arterial pressure p increased index of SVR vascular resistance p bradycardia p and decreased doppler indexes of stroke volume p and cardiac SO p the isothermic transurethral prostatectomy group was hemodynamically stable these differences between the groups suggest that rapid central cooling exerted a significant effect on perioperative hemodynamic performance during TURP | MEDAL |
addiction research focusing on homocysteine metabolism and its association with aspects of AD has revealed important findings recent literature on this topic has been taken into account for the review provided methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mthfr is a key enzyme in the homocysteine metabolism HC levels are influenced by the singlenucleotide polymorphism snp mthfr ct besides genetic factors environmental AF have an impact on homocysteine plasma C2 too thus chronic alcohol intake is associated with elevated homocysteine plasma concentrations elevation of HC concentration is considered as a predictor for the occurrence of alcohol withdrawal seizures andas homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factormight contribute to the higher risk for myocardial infarction among alcohol dependent patients homocysteine acts as an nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor agonist and has excitotoxic effects furthermore it has been demonstrated that homocysteine has neurotoxic effects especially on dopaminergic neurons as the rewarding effects of alcohol are mediated by the DA system a homocysteinedependent impairment of the reward system possibly leads to an altered drinking behaviour according to the deficit hypothesis of addiction homocysteine is involved in the metabolism of methyl CG and dnamethylation plays a role in regulation of gene expression therefore it has been suggested that homocysteine is an important epigenetic factor it remains to be determined whether alcohol dependent patients benefit from homocysteine lowering strategies eg via supplementation of folate vitamin b and b in this respect it is not clear yet if a supplementation therapy can reduce the risk for the occurrence of alcohol withdrawal seizures | MEDAL |
somatosympathetic reflex was studied in patients with definite multiple sclerosis ms by the noninvasive sympathetic skin response ssr method abnormal ssrs in or more limbs were noted in patients good correlation between the number of absent ssrs and the severity of the disability caused by ms was observed delayed or absent ssrs correlated with leg weakness spinothalamic sensory deficits and neurogenic bladder no rho was noted between signal abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging studies of the hypothalamus or brain stem and absent or delayed ssrs it is suggested that damage to the CE sympathetic fibers in the spinal cord accounts for the absent ssr the damaged sympathetic SF are probably located in the lateral columns of the spinal cord | MEDAL |
in the last few years of the th century many factors converged at auburn university school of nursing giving faculty the opportunity to explore beliefs about curriculum and the nursing professions role in the st century the result of this opportunity was the creation of a new curriculum that brings to life the conviction that nursing is not bound by the walls of a hospital but is a humanistic discipline that can be practiced anywhere this article explains the intersection of variables that influea cells we found that apo e as a synthetic peptide mimicked the fullsize protein induced theca and interstitial cell tic apoptosis indicated by pyknotic cell morphology increased dna endlabeling tunel and dna ladders none of the lowdensity lipoprotein ldl receptor superfamily members were involved because the universal antagonist of these receptors receptorassociated protein rap did not block apo einduced apoptosis furthermore several apo e SP that do not bind the ldl receptor did induce tic apoptosis similar to apo e apoptogenic agents such as ceramide and ly a phosphatidylinositol pi kinase inhibitor induced apoptosis and suppressed androstenedione production however apoptosis alone was not responsible for apo e suppression of androstenedione production because both insulin and igfi prevented apo einduced apoptosis but neither restored androstenedione production theca cells of atretic follicles express the greatest apo e mrna and here we show that cultured tic produce apo e when considered with the observation of tunelpositive theca cells in atretic follicles these results support our hypothesis that intraovarian apo e controls theca cell production of androgen as well as limiting the size of the theca cell compartment | MEDAL |
eleven cases of metanephric adenoma are reported the tumors were selected out of tumorous and pseudotumorous lesions of the kidney in our registry female to male ratio was the average age of the patients was years with a range of years the mean size of the PT was cm the tumors were spherical in shape whitish to yellowish in colour histologically they were arranged in a mainly tubular DP with short pseudopapillae the tumorous cells were deeply eosinophilic to basophilic with predominantly round nuclei psammomatous HB were numerous immunohistochemically they reacted positively with antibodies against cytokeratins vimentin and wt ultrastructurally the cytoplasm contained mitochondria rer and ribosomes a collagenous spherulosis MZ with those in salivary gland and mammary PT was revealed in one case the spherules were located mainly inside tubular structures ultrastructurally they were composed of basement membranelike material which was surrounded by epithelial cells followup all of our patients was negative if known for months to years | MEDAL |
difficulties associated with current intensive induction regimens for multiple myeloma and uncertainty as to how to achieve optimal peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilisation pbpc prompted this study of an oral induction regimen zdex oral idarubicin and dexamethasone followed by pbpc mobilisation using four different regimens thirtypatients received zdex median age years range years including patients with previously UT disease the overall response rate was with a cr rate of and pr rate of in patients with previously UT disease we compared four mobilisation regimens lowdose ld cyclophosphamide highdose hd cyclophosphamide cisplatinvp and cisplatin arac and dexamethasone dhap failure to mobilise optimal numbers of pbpcs x cd cellskg and x cfugmkg was seen in two patients who received ld cyclophosphamide in two patients who received hd cyclophosphamide and three patients who received cisplatinvp no patient failed to mobilise adequate numbers of pbpcs following dhap in previously untreated patients dhap mobilised significantly more pbpc than ld cyclophosphamide p hd cyclophosphamide p and cisplatinvp p this study demonstrates the tau of zdex in inducing tumour responses in patients with multiple myeloma without limiting pbpc mobilisation in subsequent doseintensive schedules furthermore we also demonstrate that dhap is superior to cyclophosphamide low and highdose and cisplatinvp in mobilising pbpcs and demonstrated a degree of tumour control | MEDAL |
the use of integrated optical grating couplers for the analysis of bioaffinity reactions in order to calculate kinetic rate constants was investigated the specificity of the sensor surface was determined by adsorptive or covalent att of the TPS ligands as an evanescent field sensor the TPS interaction of the corresponding ligand could be observed in real time and without labels the detection limit in terms of the molecular weight of the analyte was studied by the specific IB of biotinylated proteins of different molecular weights to avidinloaded sensors it was shown that grating coupler sensors allowed detection of compounds of at least daltons using highaffinity receptors while the direct sensing of low molecular analytes such as biotin could not be significantly achieved association rate constants were calculated for the interaction of the different biotinylated proteins to avidincovered sensors from single IB curves due to the strong IB between avidin and biotin the dissociation of the formed complex could not be observed kinetic rate constants and equilibrium constants were determined by studying the interaction of human immunoglobulin with the immobilized receptor PG for the four HIG subclasses a high affinity to PG was determined with affinity constants ranging from to x m | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to stabilize the amorphous form of ritonavir rtv a bcs classii drug with known amorphous stabilizing small molecule indomethacin ind by coamorphous technology the coamorphous samples were prepared by solvent evaporation technique in the molar ratios rtvind rtvind rtvind and their amorphous nature was confirmed by xrpd dsc and ftir physical stability studies were carried out at temp °c and °c for maximum up to days under dry conditions solubility and dissolution testing were carried out to investigate the dissolution advantage of prepared coamorphous systems the amorphous mixtures of all tested molar ratios were found to become amorphous T3 solvent evaporation the same was confirmed by detecting halo pattern in diffractograms of coamorphous mixtures the tg values of all three systems were found to be more than °c the highest being °c for rtvind system theoretical tg values were calculated by gordontaylor equation insignificant deviation of theoretical tg values from that of practical one corroborated by ftir studies showed no evidence of intermolecular interactions between rtv and ind almost folds increase in the solubility for both amorphous rtv and ind was found as compared to their respective crystalline counterparts the study demonstrated significant increase in the dissolution rate as well as increase in the total amount of drug dissolved for amorphous rtv however it failed to demonstrate any significant improvement in the dissolution behavior of ind | MEDAL |
the antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by a combination of laboratory findings ie the presence of at least one antiphospholipid antibody and clinical manifestations arterial andor VT obstetrical complications longterm oral anticoagulant is recommended to prevent recurrence of both arterial and VT whereas low molecular weight heparin plus aspirin is the treatment of choice to prevent further obstetrical complications in the rare case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome heparin plus highdose CSs plus plasma exchange is associated with the highest recovery rate some new nonantithromboticbased treatments of antiphospholipid syndrome with rituximab autologous stem cell transplantation or hydroxychloroquine are also reviewed | MEDAL |
an important step in bromodeoxyuridine brdu immunohistochemistry is the production of singlestranded dna to make the incorporated brdu accessible to the antibodies this paper examines the effect of distinct dna denaturation pretreatments dnase i sodium citrate buffer endonuclease eco ri and exonuclease iii and hcl hydrolysis on detection of brdu we found that all the methods used in the partial denaturation of dna combined good nuclear IS with acceptable tissue integrity we also observed that these immunohistochemical protocols revealed a spatial DP in the CSD of dnasynthesizing cells within the cerebellar external granular layer egl of dayold rats allowing us to estimate the fraction of SPF our results indicate that PCD of brdustained cells is affected by the distinct histological procedures used in such PCD additionally as the duration and phases of the cell cycle in egl neuroblasts are estimated in accordance with brdu detection an effect on this detection can render the measurement of Tc inaccurate the present work shows that dnase i and citrate buffer at AGA conditions may be good alternatives for acid denaturation however they are less sensitive than ARG techniques that use | MEDAL |
figure summarizes the present state of our knowledge on the sodium channel in myelinated nerve SF two sites have been discussed in detail a metal cation IB site accessible by tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin from the outside surface only and a second site accessible from the inside surface with which local anesthetics combine hydrogen ions gain access to this region of the sodium channel and hence determine the relative local concentration of protonated drug more readily from the extracellular fluid than from the axoplasm schwarz et al in addition a variety of other sites have been mentioned binding of drugs to which alters selectively the kinetics of opening and closing of the h and m gates in myelinated nerve fibers these channels are packed tightly on the nodal membrane the highest estimate for the sodium channel density in the rat node is micron a reevaluation of the effective nodal area however might reduce this value to micron this would still leave the nodal membrane rather crowded with sodium channels furthermore the channel density would still be greater than the density of particles sometimes believed to be sodium channels seen in freeze fracture studies rosenbluth one possibility for resolving this problem is that the units detected by xray inactivation levinson ellory and those seen in freezefracture studies rosenbluth represent not single sodium channels but groups of three catterall morrow in a comparison of the binding of saxitoxin and leiurus sculpturatus scorpion toxin venom have concluded that there are three saxitoxin IB CS for each scorpion toxin IB site on this basis three saxitoxin molecules might act to block independently each of the three openings of the channels while the the conformational change produced by the scorpion venom molecule would affect the inactivation process of all three channels | MEDAL |
the classical concept of sex determination in mammals is that a y chromosomal gene controls the OD of the indifferent gonad into a testis subsequent divergence of sexual phenotypes is secondary to this gonadal determination the most likely candidate gene is sry sexdetermining region y in humans and sry in mouse however several lines of evidence indicate that sexual dimorphism occurs even before the indifferent gonad appears here we present evidence that bovine male embryos generally develop to more T3 stages than do females during the first days after insemination in vitro corresponding relationships between both cell numbers and MI indices and sex were also seen although it is not clear whether this phenomenon involves factors originating before or T3 fertilization these findings suggest that sexrelated gene expression affects the development of embryos soon after activation of the embryonic genome and well before gonadal differentiation | MEDAL |
conflicting results have been reported in literature about the influence of betaadrenergic stimulation on the fast cardiac sodium current ina to elucidate these mechanisms in multicellular S9 we used the loosepatchclamp technique to evaluate the effect of the betaadrenergic agonist isoproterenol nmoll isoproterenol enhanced ina at all membrane potentials by elevation of the maximal available ina only at the high concentration of micromoll was ina slightly depressed after depolarizing conditioning clamps the most marked increase of the maximal available ina was after application of nmoll isoproterenol to learn about the mechanisms in view of sodium channel modulation we combined isoproterenol with the sodium channel blocker lidocaine micromoll under these circumstances the effects of both drugs were completely independent this investigation shows clearly that low concentrations of isoproterenol increase ina in multicellular S9 by a gatingindependent mechanism | MEDAL |
a new cell has been designed for accurate spectroscopic measurements in the k temperature range with VL path lengths from to more than m the spectral coverage at these temperatures ranges from the visible to less than cm thanks to the use of diamond windows the design of the cryostat and vacuum setups allows vibrationfree operation the equipment provides temperature homogeneity and pressure control to better than over the k and the mbar ranges remotecontrolled optomechanical systems enable in situ adjustments as well as changes of the optical path length within half an hour in order to optimize measurement time in an open user facility it allows then to meet the specific requirements of high resolution measurements on the farinfrared ailes beamline at soleil as well at the lisa facility in créteil in the midir this new instrument opens up the way for many experiments in the field of highresolution gasphase ir spectroscopy in particular in quantitative spectroscopy for atmospheric applications measurements of absorption L1 parameters absolute intensities cross sections and pressureinduced widths using fourier transform spectroscopy the design and performance of the equipment are briefly presented and illustrated on spectroscopic examples | MEDAL |
this T0 compared the pharmacology of adrenergic agents that influence PE in normal animals with those agents that influence tissue injury in an inflammatory disease model specifically we studied the effects of beta and alpha adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists on bradykinininduced plasma extravasation in normal spraguedawley rats and on joint injury in rats with experimental ICA plasma extravasation induced by infusion of BK in the rat knee joint was attenuated by the beta agonist salbutamol or by the alpha antagonist yohimbine and was enhanced by the beta antagonist ici or by the alpha agonist clonidine in rats that had undergone chemical symphathectomy bradykinininduced plasma extravasation was markedly reduced and there was no enhancement of bradykinininduced PE by either ici or clonidine although ici and clonidine enhanced bradykinininduced plasma extravasation these drugs significantly reduced joint injury in AA neither salbutamol nor yohimbine however significantly increased joint injury in the arthritic rats presumably because arthritis severity is already high in these animals consistent with this hypothesis both salbutamol and yohimbine did significantly increase the joint injury associated with experimental ICA in wistarkyoto rats a strain which develops a mild AA the fact that increased plasma extravasation is associated with decreased ICA severity suggests that plasma extravasation a L1 sign of acute inflammation contributes to tissue reparative processes | MEDAL |
a thyroid medullary carcinoma from a man with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type iib was examined for the presence of opioid MMP the RT contained peptides derived from all three opioid precursors proopiomelanocortin pomc prodynorphin and proenkephalin the tissue concentrations of the various opioid MMP varied considerably betaendorphin a pomcderived peptide was present in concentrations between to pmolesg tissue pmolesg tissue of alphaneoendorphin a prodynorphinderived product were seen whereas the proenkephalinassociated MMP were present in much lower concentrations pmolesg tissue immunohistochemical studies showed scattered opioidpositive cells in the RT tissue and in two other thyroid medullary carcinomas these data demonstrate that malignant NE tumors may contain MMP derived from all three families of the endogenous opioids | MEDAL |
histological changes of ligated blood vessels were studied on women of to years who had been selected according to certain criteria for this purpose we usually resected the ligg suspensoria ovarii parts of the mesosalpinx lig latum and rotundum the vasa uterina segments of the basale parametrium the plexus vesicovaginalis and others after to T2 the abdominal hysterectomy was in most cases indicated due to uterus myomatosus the histological examinations showed that in spite of the ligation of the vessels the organism protects itself by forming a closing thrombus preventing a hemorrhage threatening life as well as a AA hemorrhage at a later stage due to demarcation of the distal stump end the occlusion consist of merged thrombocytes coagulated fibrin and other blood elements the lesion of the EC cells isvery important proximal to the centre the intravasal mutations decrease rapidly the lumen is in most of the cases empty only in of the lumina of arteries or arterioles and in of the veins there were no hemostatic plugs found the problem of hemostasis during the gynecological operation is only being touched upon possible complications due to circulation and perfusion lesions are mentioned a pathological extent of the coagulation in small pelvis is likely to be the reason for an embolism | MEDAL |
a substantial baseline risk of liver cirrhosis exists for patients with CHC virus hcv infection however the extent to which this could be driven by heavy alcohol use is unclear therefore our principal aim was to determine the fraction of cirrhosis attributable to heavy alcohol use among chronic hcv patients attending a liver clinic the study population comprised chronic hcv patients who had attended one of five CL clinics in scotland during and had remained in followup for at least months acquired hcv through either injecting drugs or blood transfusion and an estimated date of acquiring infection predictors of cirrhosis were determined from multivariate LR regression parameters were used to determine the fraction of cirrhosis attributable to heavy alcohol use among patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis and had ever engaged in heavy alcohol use unitsweek for a sustained period significant predictors of cirrhosis were age duration of infection and ever heavy alcohol use the fraction of cirrhosis attributable to ever heavy alcohol use was confidence interval ci moreover among patients who had ever engaged in heavy alcohol use specifically this attributable fraction exceeded ci | MEDAL |
medical management in psychiatric acute care involving seclusion and restraint is an intervention of which reasonable use is often required regarding such measures guidelines for seclusion and restraint are important and also psychiatric treatment facilities should engage in a continuous QI process that seeks to minimize the use of seclusion and restraint to review and monitor the existing use of seclusion and restraint the authors developed a tool the picu management scale and investigated its usefulness in two functionally different psychiatric wards a psychiatric emergency ECU emergency ward and a psychiatric acute care unit acute ward in the japanese payment system the picu management scale is a tool which classifies the status of psychiatric intensive care into six categories by four factors s seclusion r restraint n forced nutrition and ph PCS care and we evaluated its usefulness by occurrence of variance in terms of minimizing or optimizing the use of seclusion and restraint we also analyzed characteristics and risk AF of recurrent application of seclusion and restraint high picu management ranking and prolongation | MEDAL |
with regard to bhv eradication programs in cattle it is important to know whether sheep can be a reservoir of bhv we therefore performed an experiment that consisted of three phases in phase sheep were inoculated with high doses of bhv and kept in close contact with sheep and calves all inoculated sheep excreted bhv between and days post inoculation and seroconverted although bhv was isolated from the nasal mucosa of out of sentinel sheep none of the sentinel sheep produced antibodies against bhv one sentinel calf excreted bhv through days the remaining calves excreted bhv between days and suggesting that the first calf was infected by sheep and the remaining sentinel calves were infected by that calf and not by sheep the bacic reproduction ratio r of bhv between sheep and calves was estimated at and among calves it was estimated at or in phase all inoculated sheep were treated with dexamethasone and kept in close contact with sheep and calves all dexamethasone treated sheep reexcreted bhv over a to day period none of the sentinel animals seroconverted in phase the sentinel sheep and calves of phase were kept in two CG and were treated with dexamethasone none of the sentinel sheep reexcreted bhv whereas out of sentinel calves did it is concluded that while bhv infection in sheep is possible bhv does not spread from sheep easily to cattle | MEDAL |
the present in situ T0 investigated the fluoride response of caries lesions with similar mineral loss but two distinct mineral distributions low and highr calculated as the ratio of mineral loss to lesion depth sixteen subjects wore eight gauzecovered enamel specimens with preformed lesions placed buccally on their mandibular partial dentures for periods up to weeks the participants brushed twice daily for min with an ppm f as naf dentifrice T3 and weeks specimens were retrieved and analyzed microradiographically tmr and by quantitative light fluorescence qlf tmr results revealed that low and highr lesions showed opposite behaviors lowr lesions further demineralized whereas highr lesions exhibited some remineralization in comparison lesion depth increased in lowr but remained unchanged in highr lesions r decreased in both but more in highr lesions mineral density at the lesion surface remained unchanged in lowr but increased in highr lesions differences in mineral loss between lesion types in dentistry ucla named introduction to behavioral science patient management methods in evidencebased dentistry in order to provide reference for our medical reform of dental students the content of the three courses were provided and the importance of comprehensive SQ training was evaluated the curriculum type number of hours and time to deliver were compared between ucla and school of stomatology shandong university it was found that the comprehensive SQ trainingrelated curriculum offered in shandong university covered fewer content fewer number of hours and delivered later therefore the author suggests the domestic dental institutions set up the three cuttingedge courses integrated with clinical practice as well supported by teaching reform project of shandong university | MEDAL |
isolated hyperthermic cytostatic limb perfusion has been established as an efficient procedure for the treatment of malignant melanoma of the limbs however perfusions of the upper extremities are generally carried out much less frequently than would be expected given the distribution pattern of malignant melanoma and sarcoma thus isolated descriptions of treatment results for perfusion of the upper extremities are not available between and arm perfusions using MEL mgkg body weight were given to patients with malignant melanoma using the standardized method of perfusion described herein within an average observation period of months range months of the patients who had md anderson stage iiiv melanoma remained free of local recurrence in fact of the patients were still alive at the end of the observation period none of the patients showed any SVR adverse effects although patient developed a LE months T3 perfusion and patients showed a postoperative temporary neurologic deficit these results demonstrate that isolated perfusion of the UL with heat and MEL under standardized conditions remains the treatment of choice for melanoma of the arm as for melanoma of the leg without a higher rate of complications | MEDAL |
in organ transplantation ischemiareperfusion injury iri has been implicated in delayed VG CF dgf as well as in short and longterm complications using an autotransplant pig kidney MM changes in renal CF and morphology were determined after different periods of cold ischemia in kidneys preserved in the UW solution uw highna version of uw heh or celsior cel a newly developed highna solution with or without trimetazidine tmz kidney CF was better preserved in cel uw and particularly heh in combination with tmz particularly T3 and h mitochondria integrity was improved in tmzpreserved groups this T0 indicates that tmz is efficiently protective against iri even T3 prolonged preservation and in different preservation solutions | MEDAL |
effects of diltiazem of frequency of angina and nitroglycerin ntg consumption were studied in patients with variant angina rest pain with st elevation either diltiazem in two dosage schedules mgday and mgday or PL was po in a randomized doubleblind program over weeks significant decreases in angina frequency and tng consumption were observed when diltiazem treatment periods were compared to PL periods furthermore when PL periods following diltiazem were compared to PL periods following placebo significant carryover effect with respect to reduced angina frequency was observed no patient had an increase in angina frequency or tng consumption on diltiazem compared to placebo no rebound effects or changes in blood pressure or heart rate were observed one patient complained of dry mouth on diltiazem these findings although in a limited number of patients suggest that diltiazem is ERP in decreasing angina frequency and tng consumption in patients with variant angina these encouraging results warrant DUE of diltiazem in a larger patient population over a longer time period | MEDAL |
the effects of the nmethyldaspartate nmda and nonnmda IL-1ra mk and nbqx respectively on salivary secretion and retching induced by vagal stimulation were studied in decerebrate dogs vagal stimulation induced an increase in salivary secretion and fictive retching intrath VVI application of VH or mk did not change either response while nbqx completely abolished both responses these results suggest that nonnmda receptors mediate both responses in the solitary nucleus | MEDAL |
to investigate salivary flow and frequency of OM in intensive ECU patients compared with patients admitted because of elective PD bypass VG cabg surgery in addition the DP of oropharyngeal colonization was investigated in these patients | MEDAL |
the morphology of the tubefoot of the brittlestar hemipholis elongata was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy the entire surface of the tubefoot is covered by MV and a thick cuticle SL at the tip of the tubefoot the cuticle SL is thinner and sensorysecretory complexes are seen these are composed of two secretary cells and a central ciliated sensory cell scanning electron microscopy shows that the cilium which extends from the receptor cell ends flush with the surrounding MV these studies suggest that the tubefeet in ophiuroids are important structures in sensoryreception gasexchange as well as locomotion the hemoglobin containing cells within the lumen of the tubefeet may serve in oxygen transport and storage | MEDAL |
T3 sitedirected mutagenesis the organic cation transporter roct was expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes or human embryonic A6 and functionally characterized roct belongs to a new family of polyspecific transporters that includes transporters for organic cations and anions and the nacarnitine cotransporter when glutamate was substituted for asp middle of the proposed th TM alphahelix the vmax values for choline tetraethylammonium tea nmethylnicotinamide and methylphenylpyridinium were reduced by to the apparent km values were also decreased choline by fold tea by fold nmethylnicotinamide by fold or remained constant methylphenylpyridinium after the mutation the membrane potential dependence of the km value for hcholine uptake was abolished the affinity of ntetraalkyl ammonium EDC to inhibit tea uptake was increased this affinity and its increase by the de mutation were increased with the length of the nalkyl chains T3 expression in x laevis oocytes the ic ratios of wildtype and de mutant were tetramethylammonium tea tetrapropylammonium TBA and tetrapentylammonium cationic inhibitors with ring structures were differentially affected the ic value for tea inhibition by cyanine remained unchanged whereas it was ierum with ts of several hours at degrees c nevertheless the stability of those peptides was highest that bore the nhterminal pglu residues eg big gastrin gastrini caerulein and others or damino acids in accordance to their comparably LA nonsulfated members of the cck family showed fairly low uptake in the RT and other cckb receptorexpressing tissues eg the stomach sulfated cck derivatives performed significantly better but additionally displayed a high uptake in normal ccka receptorexpressing tissues such as the livergallbladder pancreas and bowel best RT uptake and tumornontumor ratios were obtained with members of the gastrin family probably because of their selectivity and affinity for the cckb receptor subtype pilot therapy experiments in mtc bearing animals showed significant antitumor tau as compared with UT controls inlabeled DTPA derivatives of minigastrin showed excellent targeting of cckb receptorexpressing tissues in animals and a normal human volunteer these data suggest that cckgastrin analogues may be a useful new class of receptor binding MMP for diagnosis and therapy of cckb receptorexpressing PT such as mtc or small cell lung cancer nonsulfated gastrin derivatives may be preferable because of their cckb receptor selectivity and hence lower accretion in normal ccka receptorexpressing organs further preclinical as well as clinical studies are ongoing | MEDAL |
TDL tdl continuously patrol through the body facilitating immune responses at most CS Th1 might regulate immune responses by influencing the migration of tdl therefore it was investigated in vivo whether Th1 affects the migration of thoracic duct b t cd and cd lymphocytes from blood to CL labeled tdl were injected iv into rats continuously receiving ifngamma via a central venous catheter the numbers of b t cd and cd lymphocytes were determined in blood and thoracic duct lymph for h ifngamma increased the disappearance of tdl from the blood to a similar extent in all subsets in contrast the reappearance of b and t lymphocyte subsets in the CL was decreased b lymphocytes were affected significantly more than t lymphocytes whereas cd and cd lymphocytes were affected to a similar extent our study suggests that differential retention within the tissue rather than preferential immigration into the tissue creates a microenvironment with a distinct composition of lymphocyte subsets | MEDAL |
human alpha macroglobulin alpha m of mr approximately is a proteinase inhibitor whose four MZ subunits are arranged to form two adjacent inhibitory units at present the spatial arrangement of the two subunits which form one inhibitory unit the PET halfmolecule is not known treatment of alpha m with either mm dithiothreitol dtt or m urea results in dissociation of the native tetramer into two halfmolecules of mr approximately these halfmolecules retain trypsin inhibitory activity but in each case the reaction results in reassociation of the halfmolecules to produce tetramers of mr approximately however when reacted with plasmin the preparations of halfmolecules have different properties dttinduced halfmolecules protect the activity of plasmin from inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor sti without reassociation while ureainduced halfmolecules show no ability to protect PL from reaction with sti highperformance sizeexclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation studies were then used to estimate the Rs re of alpha m and both dtt and ureainduced halfmolecules of alpha m the re of tetrameric alpha m was a while that of dttinduced halfmolecules was a and ureainduced halfmolecules a these results demonstrate that dtt and ureainduced halfmolecules have fundamentally different molecular dimensions as well as GABA properties the hydrodynamic data suggest that the ureainduced halfmolecule is a rodlike structure although it is not possible to predict the threedimensional structure of this molecule with the available dataabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in experienced hands the value of the laparoscopic NF as antireflux correction is established the case report concerns a woman who underwent an emergency LAP for acute intrathoracic stomach volvulus with incarceration one year after a laparoscopic nissen fundoplication was carried out without closure of the DIA hiatus in literature acute postoperative paraoesophageal hernia with intrathoracic migration of the stomach as an early and late complication of the laparoscopic fundoplication has already been reported the authors advocate the closure of the diaphragmatic crura as a routine manoeuvre during the LF | MEDAL |
cdc phosphatases are essential regulators of the cell cycle in rat cells the cdcb isoform activates cyclin a and cyclin bcontaining complexes and is necessary for entry into mitosis in this report we characterise the subcellular localisation of cdcb by immunofluorescence in combination with rna interference to identify TPS antibody staining we find that endogenous cdcb is mainly nuclear but a fraction resides in the cytoplasm during the g phase of the Tc cdcb starts to appear in sphase cells and accumulates until prophase after which the protein disappears we characterise a nuclear export sequence in the nterminus of cdcb amino acids that when mutated greatly reduces the ability of cdcb to shuttle in a fluorescence loss in photobleaching assay mutation of the nuclear export CS makes cdcb less efficient in inducing mitosis suggesting that an important mitotic function of cdcb occurs in the cytoplasm furthermore we find that when cells are exposed to cycloheximide or ultraviolet irradiation cdcb partially translocates to the cytoplasm the dependence of this translocation event on a PET nuclear export sequence an IN serine residue a IB site and p MAP kinase activity indicates that the p pathway regulates cdcb localisation in different situations of cellular stress | MEDAL |
multiple investigators have undertaken genetic studies in IPF populations in attempts to define genetic links to disease in hopes that this would improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and target pathways for therapy multiple genes have been evaluated using a candidate gene RPA with limited success with results suggesting a disease modifier effect rather than a disease causing effect using this approach associations have been observed between IPF and TPS polymorphisms in genes encoding interleukin receptor antagonist RT necrosis factoralpha and CR1 recently investigators have used familial pulmonary fibrosis cohorts to evaluate for genetic mutations associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using one pulmonary fibrosis kindred a mutation in the gene encoding SP-A c was identified as the cause of pulmonary fibrosis in this family subsequently another individual with IPF was identified with a different mutation in SF protein c though rarely found in patients with IPF these SP-A c mutations highlight the importance of the AM epithelium in disease pathogenesis a recent collaboration between investigators at three L1 centers has resulted in the largest collection of families with PF to date with hopes that this effort will identify genetic mutations associated with IPF if genetic links to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are defined in this study then the pathways involved with these genes and gene products can be targeted by investigators to help identify potential treatment options for this disease | MEDAL |
two types of transforming growth AF tgf have been purified and well characterized tgf alpha and tgf beta tgf alpha is a kd single chain molecule that shows sequence homology to epidermal growth factor egf binds to the egf receptor and has biological effects very similar to those of egf tgf beta is different from tgf alpha in its molecular structure and biological activity and has its own TPS cell surface receptor tgf beta is a kd homodimer of kd subunits that shows no sequence homology to tgf alpha tgf beta is a highly ubiquitous molecule p new echocardiographic paraapical technique was developed all cases were examined from the paraapical window in the extreme LL decubitus position on a special mattress that allowed us to investigate the total apical region the paraapical transducer position makes it possible to cut the RA ventricle crosssectionally in serial breadloafing fashion from the apex to the base like the left IVT in this way using the mmode technique either diameters andor right ventricular free wall thickness as well as shortening fraction could be estimated to estimate the usefulness of the paraapical technique a T0 was performed in normal subjects as well as in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in all patients standard views and the new paraapical view were performed in five cases contrast echocardiography of the heart was performed to verify the rightheart anatomy in five patients computertomography of the heart was performed to see the position of the rightheart chambers in the chest and to evaluate the new paraapical ultrasound window the standard values for the RA ventricle in the control group were in mean values diastolic diameter mm systolic diameter mm free wall thickness mm and shortening fraction the examined parameters in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were diastolic diameter mean value mm systolic diameter mean value mm free wall thickness mean value mm and shortening fraction mean value abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
five hundred ninety patients were enrolled in a prospective multicenter randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of to days of levofloxacin treatment with that of ceftriaxone andor CAE in the management of CAP in adults patients received either intravenous andor oral levofloxacin mg once daily or the comparative agents parenteral ceftriaxone to g once to twice daily andor oral CAE mg twice daily erythromycin or doxycycline could be added to the comparator arm at the investigators discretion the decision to use an intravenous or oral antimicrobial agent for initial therapy was made by the investigator clinical and microbiological evaluations were completed at the baseline during treatment to days posttherapy and to weeks posttherapy four hundred fiftysix patients given levofloxacin and administered ceftriaxone andor cefuroxime axetil were evaluable for clinical efficacy streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were isolated in and respectively of clinically evaluable patients one hundred fifty atypical pathogens were identified were CT pneumoniae were MP and were Lp clinical success at to days posttherapy was superior for the levofloxacin group compared with the ceftriaxone andor cefuroxime axetil group confidence interval ci of to among patients with typical respiratory pathogens who were evaluable for microbiological efficacy the overall bacteriologic eradication rates were superior for levofloxacin compared with the ceftriaxone andor CAE group ci of to levofloxacin eradicated of the most frequently reported respiratory pathogens ie h influenzae and s pneumoniae and provided a clinical success rate in patients with atypical pathogens both levofloxacin and ceftriaxonecefuroxime axetil eradicated of the s pneumoniae cells detected in blood culture drugrelated adverse events were reported in of patients receiving levofloxacin and in of patients administered ceftriaxone andor cefuroxime axetil gastrointestinal and central and IP NS adverse events were the most common events reported in each TG in conclusion these results demonstrate that treatment with levofloxacin is superior to ceftriaxone andor CAE therapy in the management of CA pneumonia in adults | MEDAL |
we used immunocytochemistry to identify ubiquitin and betaamyloidprotein in muscle biopsies from patients with three NM disorders characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles in muscle MF inclusion body myositis ibm familial ibmlike disorder and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy opmd labelling with antiubiquitin antibodies was observed in all three diseases but it was frequent in ibm less common in familial ibmlike disorder and rare in opmd this labelling is thought to correspond to the presence of ibmtype filaments nm in external diameter which are characteristic but not specific for ibm or familial ibmlike disorder as they may also occur in other diseases including opmd labelling with antibetaamyloidprotein antibody was seen in a few MF in ibm but not in the other two conditions the structures labelled with this antibody have yet to be determined labelling with antiubiquitin or antibetaamyloidprotein antibodies was not correlated with the presence of acid phosphatase activity | MEDAL |
while ch zinc finger transcription factors tf are often regulated by abiotic stress their role during insect infestation has been overlooked this study demonstrates that the transcripts of the zinc finger transcription AF stzfp and stzfp are induced in potato solanum tuberosum l upon infestation by either the generalist tobacco hornworm thw manduca sexta l or the specialist colorado potato beetle cpb leptinotarsa decemlineata say stzfp has been previously characterized as conferring salt tolerance to transgenic tobacco and its transcript is induced by phytophthora infestans and several abiotic stresses stzfp has not been characterized previously but contains the hallmarks of a ch zinc finger tf with two conserved zinc finger domains and dln motif which encodes a transcriptional repressor domain expression studies demonstrate that stzfp transcript is also induced by tobacco hornworm and ion framework that can be used to mark up biological entities such as genes and concepts such as gene ontology terms in fulltext articles tagtog leverages manual user annotation in combination with automatic machinelearned annotation to provide accurate identification of gene symbols and gene names as part of the biocreative iv interactive annotation task flybase has used tagtog to identify and extract mentions of Dm gene symbols and names in fulltext biomedical articles from the plos stable of journals we show here the results of three experiments with different sized corpora and assess gene recognition performance and curation speed we conclude that tagtognamed entity recognition improves with a larger corpus and that tagtogassisted curation is quicker than manual curation database url wwwtagtognet wwwflybaseorg | MEDAL |
two related antisense rnas directed against PPV ppv were expressed episomally in nicotiana clevelandii by infection with recombinant potato virus x pvx one recombinant pvx expressed an ordinary ppv AS rna of about nucleotides while the other expressed a related antisense rna that carried the catalytic domain of a hammerhead ribozyme inoculation with the latter recombinant pvx resulted in the accumulation of ribozyme rna that was catalytically AS when tested in vitro with a ppv ATP rna plants that had been inoculated with recombinant pvx viruses expressing either ppvdirected AS or ribozyme sequences or gus rna as a control were challenged with ppv by a sequential second inoculation in plants that expressed ppv antisense sequences the appearance of ppv disease symptoms was delayed for days quantification of ppv week after inoculation showed that the protective effect by the episomally expressed catalytic antisense rna was stronger than that of the ordinary antisense rna however eventually all plants tested accumulated comparable titers of ppv | MEDAL |
proprotein convertase pc is a member of the SPC family which is involved in the endoproteolysis of a variety of precursor proteins under steady state conditions pc is mainly localized in the transgolgi network but a small fraction is found at the cell surface so far no sorting signals for membrane trafficking have been identified in pc in this T0 we have examined the internalization of pc from the plasma membrane our results show that internalization of pc is mediated by clathrincoated LDV T3 inhibition of clathrinmediated endocytosis using hypertonic conditions or the small molecule inhibitor pitstop pc accumulated at the BPM furthermore pc was present in isolated clathrincoated LDV to determine the internalization motif constructs were generated in which parts of the n and c terminus of the cytoplasmic tail of pc were deleted and chimeric proteins were constructed consisting of the luminal and TM domains of tac cd and parts of the cytoplasmic domain of pc antibody uptake experiments as well as surface biotinylation experiments demonstrated that the region between ala and cys in the cytoplasmic domain of pc is essential and sufficient for the internalization of pc but not for transgolgi network localization individual amino acids in this region were substituted with alanine which identified pro leu and cys as the essential amino acids in conclusion internalization of pc depends on a short transferable sequence in the cytoplasmic tail which contains the three crucial amino acids plc | MEDAL |
this T0 addresses the use of digital learning materials in the format of hypertext educational games and simulations about oxygen therapy with professors of an undergraduate nursing course it is a crosssectional exploratory study that was carried out at the federal university of rio grande do sul in with intentionally selected professors data collection was performed by means of a questionnaire using a likert scale to assess the suitability of the content visual presentation and use of learning materials descriptive statistics was used to organize and process the data results showed that the professors approved of the presentation of educational materials they agreed with the suitability of the contents presented and with using the materials with the content regarding oxygen therapy there was no significant relation between the professors opinion and their age group nor with their computer technology knowledge their time in teaching and the addressed contents | MEDAL |
ferredoxinnadp oxidoreductase ec from Bs bsfnr is homologous to the bacterial nadphthioredoxin reductase but possesses a unique CT extension that covers the reface of the isoalloxazine ring moiety of the flavin adenine CpG fad prosthetic group in this report we utilize bsfnr mutants depleted of their CT residues to examine the importance of the CTE in reactions with nadph and ferredoxin fd from b subtilis by spectroscopic and steadystate reaction analyses the depletions of residues y to k whole CTE region and s to k his IN resulted in significant increases in the catalytic efficiency with nadph in diaphorase CA with ferricyanide whereas km values for ferricyanide were increased in the cytochrome c reduction assay in the presence of b subtilis ferredoxin the sk depleted mutant displayed a significant decrease in the kcat with an fd concentration range of μm the yk depleted mutant demonstrated an increase in the rate of the direct reduction of horse HR cytochrome c in the absence of fd these data indicated that SD of the cterminal extension plays an important role in the reaction of bsfnr with ferredoxin | MEDAL |
effects of enflurane on myocardial EP and contractile properties were examined by simultaneous measurement of action potentials aps and contractions in guineapig papillary muscle enflurane was administered in to concentrations in co o bubbled through the standard tyrodes perfusing solution after studying normal aps slow aps were induced with to x m isoproterenol andor to mm theophylline in partially depolarized muscles typically mv in mm k media ap characteristics and contractions measured during each enflurane application were analyzed the maximum rate of rise vmax and amplitude of the normal ap was not depressed although duration decreased in greater than or equal to enflurane in contrast slow ap vmax declined significantly p less than to and of control in enflurane concentrations of and respectively decrease in slow ap duration was significant only in to enflurane in enflurane contractions declined to steadystate C2 of fast ap and slow ap of control and fell to fast ap and slow ap in enflurane enflurane concentrations of and greater inhibit slow naca channels which mediate slow aps this effect may be in part responsible for the negative inotropic effect of enflurane | MEDAL |
cytotoxic drug uptake into tumour tissue depends on blood flow flow can be diverted to tumour by vasoconstrictors but the effect is temporary whereas prolonged exposure is required the relative drug uptake advantage depends on the relative tumour blood flow compared to T/N blood flow to normal liver therefore is an important factor in doselimiting uptake into normal tissue regional drug infusion must match vasoconstrictor action this was measured by laser doppler flowmetry the median duration of action was T2 for angiotensin for vasopressin and for endothelin therefore the cytotoxic agent could be infused for the same period repeatedly to reduce toxicity the flux fall was for angiotensin for vasopressin and for endothelin the area below the flux L1 was minutes for angiotensin for vasopressin and for endothelin to increase cytotoxic drug uptake the cytotoxic drug infusion should be infused intermittently for the duration that the vasoconstrictor is AS as the area under the curve is greatest for endothelin this may be the agent of choice | MEDAL |
i.pl. administration of fibrinolytic agents has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of loculated parapneumonic pleural effusions however controlled studies of the possible role of the activity of urokinase uk through the volume effect are lacking we therefore investigated the hypothesis that uk is effective through the lysis of pleural adhesions and not through the volume effect thirtyone consecutive patients with multiloculated pleural effusions were randomly assigned to receive either i.pl. uk patients or normal saline ns patients for d in a doubleblind manner all patients had inadequate drainage through a chest tube ml h uk was given daily through the chest tube in a dose of iu diluted in ml of ns controls were given the same volume of ns intrapleurally response was assessed by clinical outcome fluid drainage chest radiography pleural ultrasonography us andor computed tomography ct clinical and radiographic improvement was noted in all but two patients in the uk group but in only four in the control group the net mean volume drained during the d treatment period was significantly greater in the uk group ml versus ml p pleural fluid drainage was CR in patients in the uk group two patients were treated through VATS but in only four in the control group twelve patients in the control group were subsequently treated with uk and six of them had CR drainage the remaining six patients had complete drainage after videoassisted thoracoscopy our results suggest that uk is ERP in the treatment of loculated pleural effusions through the lysis of pleural adhesions and not through the volume effect | MEDAL |
cognitive functions are impaired in L1 depression studies on the effects of yoga on cognitive functions have shown improvement in SM vigilance and anxiety levels patients suffering from major depression age to years were randomly divided into two groups group males and females patients who practised sahaj yoga meditation and also received conventional antidepressant medication group males and females patients who only received conventional antidepressant medication group patients were administered sahaj yoga practice for weeks neurocognitive test battery consisting of letter cancellation test lct TMT a tta TMT b ttb ruff figural fluency test rfft forward digit span fds reverse digit span test rds was used to assess following cognitive domains attention span visuomotor speed shortterm SM working memory and executive functions after weeks both group and group subjects showed significant improvement in lct tta ttb but improvement in lct was more marked in group subjects also there was significant improvement in rds scores in only group subjects p the results thereby demonstrate that sahaj yoga practice in addition to the improvement in various other cognitive domains seen with conventional antidepressants can lead to additional improvement in executive functions like manipulation of information in the VWM and added improvement in attention span and visuomotor speed of the depressives | MEDAL |
the nucleotide sequence of atll a gene encoding a putative staphylococcus lugdunensis peptidoglycan hydrolase was determined using degenerate consensus pcr and genome walking this bp gene encodes a protein atll that appears as a putative bifunctional autolysin with a CAA putative signal peptide and two enzymatic putative centres nacetylmuramoyllalanine amidase and nacetylglucosaminidase interconnected with three imperfect repeated sequences displaying glycinetryptophan motifs in order to determine whether both lytic domains were functional and verify their exact enzymatic MICs gene fragments harbouring both putative domains am nacetylmuramoyllalanine amidase enzymatic centre plus two repeated sequences and gl NAG enzymatic centre plus one repeated sequence were isolated subcloned and expressed in escherichia coli purified recombinant am and gl protein truncations exhibited cell wall lytic activity in zymograms performed with cell walls of micrococcus lysodeikticus bacillus subtilis and s lugdunensis atll is expressed during the whole growth with an overexpression in the earlyexponential stage liquid chromatographymass spectrometry analysis of muropeptides generated by digestion of b subtilis cell walls demonstrated the hydrolytic bond specificities and confirmed both of the acetyl domains MICs as predicted by sequence homology data atll is the first autolysin described in s lugdunensis with a bifunctional enzymatic activity involved in PGN hydrolysis | MEDAL |
kp ghrp pralmorelin is a synthetic GHRP-6 ghrp that powerfully stimulates the PR of gh by acting iv at both Thy and PIT CS intravenous iv administration of kp also elicits slight but significant PR of adrenocorticotropic hormone acth in both animals and humans as is seen with other ghrps ghrps are thought to stimulate the hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis by releasing endogenous acth secretagogues such as arginine vasopressin avp andor ACTH releasing factor crf though neither avp nor crf has been shown clearly to be involved significantly in ghrpevoked acth release in the present study we investigated the effects of kp on acth PR in conscious rats under improved exp conditions that minimized the influence of AS administration of kp iv increased plasma acth significantly but did not stimulate acth release from rat primary pituitary cells administration of kp together with either avp or crf elicited significantly greater increases in plasma acth C2 than any of the agonists alone notably the combination of kp and avp produced a much greater increase in acth than kp plus crf indicating that kp augments the effect of exogenous crf only weakly conversely a crf antagonist markedly inhibited kpinduced acth PR in conscious rats whereas an avp antagonist or antiavp AS did not taken together these findings suggest that kp acts via the hypothalamus to stimulate acth release in rats and that these effects are mediated mainly by the PR of crf | MEDAL |
the effectiveness of nitroglycerin and its derivates in AP is wellknown one of the main effects is the reduction of left VVI filling pressure therefore in patients with left ventricular failure MI or with chronic coronary HR disease the indication for nitroglycerin has to be proved in patients with measurements nitroglycerin sublingual intravenous nitroglycerin isosorbidedinitrate and myocardon were investigated all substances decreased pulmonary CAP especially left VVI filling pressure cardiac SO increased or decreased in dependence to the height of left VVI EDV pressure in the patients with myocardial infarction and LVF with filling pressures over mm hg a significant increase in cardiac SO was observed on the contrary in patients without LVF cardiac output decreased slightly nitroglycerin sublingual is especially useful in the most severe form of left ventricular failure in pulmonary oedema mg of nitroglycerin to times in to T2 distance is necessary dependent on the severity of the pulmonary oedema and the height of the blood pressure the permanent intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin to mg per hour is very efficient in the treatment of congestive failure in acute myocardial infarction the left VVI filling pressure decreased from to mm hg with an increase in cardiac SO from to min the mean arterial pressure dropped about mm hg also with oral derivates of nitroglycerin isosorbidedinitrate and myocardon an extensive decrease in left ventricular filling pressure and an increase in cardiac output has been observed in patients with left HR failure | MEDAL |
settlement of larvae of crassostrea gigas on shell chips sc prepared from shells of different species of mollusks was investigated furthermore the settlement inducing compound in the shell of c gigas was extracted and subjected to various treatments to characterize the chemical cue c gigas larvae settled on sc of all species tested except on patinopecten yessoensis and atrina pinnata in sc of species that induced c gigas larvae to settle settlement was proportionate to the amount of sc supplied to the larvae when compared to c gigas sc all species except crassostrea nippona showed lower settlement inducing MICs suggesting that the cue may be more abundant or in a more available form to the larvae in shells of conspecific and c nippona than in other species the settlement inducing activity of c gigas sc remained IN after antibiotic treatment extraction of c gigas sc with diethyl ether etoex ethanol etohex and water aqex did not induce larval settlement of c gigas larvae however extraction of c gigas sc with n of hydrochloric acid hclex induced larval settlement that was at the same level as the sc the settlement inducing compound in the hclex was stable at °c but was destroyed or degraded T3 pepsin TR pngase f and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatments this chemical cue eluted between the molecular mass range of and kda T3 gel filtration and revealed a major band at kda on the sdspage gel T3 IF with stainsall thus a kda glycoprotein component in the organic matrix of c gigas shells is hypothesized to be the chemical basis of larval settlement on conspecifics | MEDAL |
a novel alcohol oxidase aox has been purified from mycelial pellets of the wooddegrading basidiomycete gloeophyllum trabeum and characterized as a homooctameric nonglycosylated protein with native and subunit M(r) of and kda containing noncovalently bonded flavin adenine dinucleotide the isolated aox cdna contained an open reading frame of bp translating into a polypeptide of amino acids displaying to identity with other published fungal aox amino acid sequences the enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of shortchain primary aliphatic alcohols with a preference for methanol km mm kcat s using polyclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence staining aox was localized on liquid SC hyphae and extracellular slime in sections from degraded wood and on cotton fibers transmission electron microscopy immunogold labeling localized the enzyme in the hyphal periplasmic space and wall and on extracellular tripartite membranes and slime while there was no labeling of hyphal peroxisomes aox was further shown to be associated with membranous or slime structures secreted by hyphae in wood fiber lumina and within the AA cell walls of degraded wood SF the differences in aox targeting compared to the known yeast peroxisomal localization were traced to a unique CT CS of the g trabeum oxidase which is apparently responsible for the proteins different translocation the extracellular distribution and the enzymes abundance and preference for methanol potentially available from the demethylation of lignin all point to a possible role for aox as a major source of ho a component of fentons reagent implicated in the generally accepted mechanisms for brown rot through the production of highly destructive hydroxyl radicals | MEDAL |
the nations current economic conditions the first time in years that a recession has adversely affected the middle class might well be the actual trigger mechanism in the passage of a us universal access plan when enacted it would provide EM and other basic physician and hospital benefits to the currently uninsured patients now seen in hospital eds in doctors offices and as inpatients it will thereby enhance current physicianpatient relationships and enable many of the working poor and their dependents to receive medical care conventional widsom suggests that such a social insurance plan could significantly reduce the number of routine visits to hospital eds assuming that additional accessible and highquality alternative primarycare services are developed in any case a universal access plan should improve the percentage of billed charges collected by emergency physicians the nations thirdparty payers with their managed care strategy will have difficulty for the reasons outlined in micromanaging such external pressures as ensuring highquality patient care more benefits including tertiary services and less cost to the private and public sectors as there is more micromanaging by thirdparty payers to reduce expenditures it will be increasingly difficult for emergency physicians to find specialists willing to accept previously uninsured patients except at public or teaching environments where the delivery of services to uncompensated patients has been the DP for several decadesabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
corn stover that had been treated with vaporphase diethyl oxalate released a mixture of mono and oligosaccharides consisting mainly of xylose and glucose following overliming and neutralization a dxylulokinase mutant of pichia stipitis fplys xylâ converted the stover hydrolysate into xylitol this research examined the effects of phosphoric or gluconic acids used for neutralization and urea or ammonium sulfate used as nitrogen sources phosphoric acid improved color and removal of phenolic EDC dgluconic acid enhanced cell growth AS increased cell yield and maximum specific cell growth rate independently of the acid used for NT the highest xylitol yield gxylitolgxylose and volumetric productivity gxylitolgxylose l were obtained in hydrolysate neutralized with phosphoric acid howeverd permitted cell proliferation at the growthinhibiting temperature of °c initial uptake of GB at °c was low but led eventually to the buildup of an intracellular pool whose size was double that found in cells grown at °c each of the three glycine betaine transporters opua opuc and opud contributed to GB accumulation in the cold protection against CS was also accomplished when glycine betaine was synthesized from its F0 choline growth of a mutant defective in the osmoadaptive biosynthesis for the compatible solute proline was not impaired at LT °c in addition to glycine betaine the compatible solutes and osmoprotectants lcarnitine crotonobetaine butyrobetaine homobetaine dimethylsulfonioactetate and proline betaine all served as cold stress protectants as well and were accumulated via known opu transport systems in contrast the compatible solutes and osmoprotectants cholineosulfate ectoine proline and glutamate were not cold protective our data highlight an underappreciated facet of the acclimatization of b subtilis to cold environments and allow a comparison of the characteristics of compatible solutes with respect to their osmotic heat and cold stressprotective properties for b subtilis cells | MEDAL |
in order to determine the usefulness of anthralin in the treatment of PS we evaluated the effectiveness of topical anthralin therapy in patients with psoriasis vulgaris in our hospital seventy patients with plaquetype psoriasis men and women aged yearsold mean yearsold who were treated at the department of dermatology tokyo medical and dental university between and were retrospectively evaluated mean PS activity and severity index pasi score before therapy was patients were treated with topical anthralin responses were determined by clinical examination the mean pasi score decreased to after three months the most effective anthralin concentration was the overall response rate was pCR was obtained in and partial remission in ten patients were anthralinresistant in all patients who entered pCR recurrence was noted within six months after stopping anthralin minor skin irritation and pigmentation occurred in most of the patients however no severe side effects were noted during the treatment our T0 indicated that anthralin is ERP for chronic plaquetype PS | MEDAL |
confluent monolayers of pig renal PTC collecting tubule rpct cells were formed on millipore filters coated with collagen they were clamped in ussingtype chambers and used to measure shortcircuit current scc the monolayers had low potentials mv with the basolateral side positive small inward currents flowed under shortcircuit conditions increases in scc were obtained following addition of a number of agents receptors associated with scc changes were disposed as follows for kinins eg lysylbradykinin they were present on both sides of the tissue while those for arginine vasopressin and norepinephrine were present on the basolateral side only epithelia responded to pge added to the apical or basolateral face of the tissue application to one side prevented the response from the CL side the tissues also responded to forskolin an activator of adenylate cyclase with a sustained inward current that was sensitive to furosemide similar sustained inward currents were recorded following exposure to bromoadenosinecyclic monophosphate brcamp responses to kinins were attenuated by inhibition of HFA cyclooxygenase with either indomethacin or piroxicam or by replacing chloride with impermeant ions if the scc was first increased with forskolin brcamp or norepinephrine the kinin effects on scc were either abolished or reversed it is concluded that kinin can cause chloride secretion in rpct monolayers possibly via a prostaglandin or a prostaglandinadenylate cyclase mechanism secondary effects of kinin exposed by first raising tissue camp C2 are not precluded | MEDAL |
as a result of globalization policymakers and citizens are increasingly communicating in foreign languages this article investigates whether communicating in a foreign language influences lay judgments of risk and benefit regarding specific hazards such as traveling by airplane climate NC and biotechnology merging findings from bilingual and risk perception research we hypothesized that stimuli described in a FL as opposed to the native tongue would prompt more positive overall affect and through that induce lower judgments of risk and higher judgments of benefit two studies support this foreign language hypothesis contrary to recent proposals that foreign language influences judgment by promoting deliberate processing we show that it can also influence judgment through emotional processing the present findings carry implications for international policy such as united nations decisions on environmental issues | MEDAL |
paracoccidioides infection is a rare entity in the usa this dimorphic fungus is found in central and south america and is thought to be acquired by inhalation through the soil we report a case of Pb infection presenting as a clavicular bone lesion peripancreatic mass and various skin lesions a yearold man with a history significant for hodgkin lymphoma presented with a left clavicular mass that was suspected clinically and radiologically as recurrent hodgkin lymphoma he was not experiencing any associated symptoms and was undergoing chemotherapy treatment for his known hodgkin disease on ct imaging the mass was seen as a lytic bone lesion with an overlying soft tissue mass this was biopsied and histologically diagnosed as a paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection with associated necrotizing granulomatous inflammation also found on the ct scan was an enlarging peripancreatic mass which on endoscopic biopsy had similar histologic findings in conclusion this report presents a rare case of Pb infection mimicking recurrent hodgkin lymphoma | MEDAL |
LPs lp in patients presenting thrombocytopenia are linked to the possibility of bleeding and spinal hematomas the minimum platelet count required for the safe performance of spinal procedures is still under discussion children with some oncology diseases require routinely lumbar punctures such patients often present thrombocytopenia making this group an ideal population to study the association between lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic patients and complications | MEDAL |
bacterial growth inhibition in amniotic fluid is associated with a compound or class of EDC which resembles antibacterial cationic MMP the inhibitor studied in amniotic fluid is CS to treatment with monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphate and the LIA of amniotic fluid is lost following adsorption onto bentomite the inhibitory component in amniotic fluid interacts with bacterial cells by adsorption or is internalized by viable cells only the inhibitory SQ of amniotic fluid is not destroyed by heating to degrees c for T2 and this heatstable LIA is associated with the compound or compounds which are phosphate CS a possible mode of antibacterial action which is consistent with the data presented is discussed | MEDAL |
transgenic mice carrying the arctic eg and swedish kmnl amyloidβ F0 protein aβpp develop amyloidbeta aβ deposits in the BB that resemble alzheimers disease neuropathology earlier studies of this MM have documented morphologic features in selected parts of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus but the spatial distribution within the brain and variance of aβ deposits within a group of tgarcswe mice is unknown using immunohistochemistry and brainwide microscopic analysis of monthold tgarcswe mice we show that aβx plaque deposits are consistently present in the CBF SC hippocampus and thalamus and variably present in other regions using quantitative image analysis we demonstrated that the average aβ burden in the SC and hippocampus is similar across animals with coefficients of variance of and respectively this indicates that interventional studies of tgarcswe mice are feasible using regionofinterest comparisons and that interventional trials require larger group sizes than commonly used we also present an online atlas providing access to images showing the detailed characteristics and spatial CSD patterns of aβx labeling | MEDAL |
the measurement of intraocular pressure iop was compared with and without soft contact lenses by a noncontact tonometer the soft CLs examined were planot and planob therapeutic contact lenses and breatho refractive lens twentynine eyes of patients with an iop ranging from to mmhg were studied the measurements of iop were mmhg with planot and mmhg with planob both numbers were not statistically different when compared with controls mmhg without lens there was however a significant difference significant difference with mmhg and without the breatho p less than the results suggest that accurate iop measurements can be obtained through therapeutic soft contact lens by a noncontact tonometer | MEDAL |
peritoneal carcinomatosis is usually associated with a poor overall survival rate recently introduction of more aggressive surgical treatment and intraperitoneal chemotherapy appears to significantly increase the overall survival rate for these patients a detailed preoperative assessment of PC could be very challenging in the field of imaging but a new aggressive surgical approach requires an accurate preoperative assessment of the disease crosssectional imaging using ct and mri with DWI dwi sequences is important for appropriate management of patients with PC appreciation of the spectrum of diagnostic patterns and pitfalls as well as different sites of involvement of peritoneal carcinomatosis using ct and dwi is crucial for AGA surgical treatment | MEDAL |
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