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the diagnosis of valmet familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy fap is based on genetic tests clinical manifestations familial PH and biopsy of peripheral tissues eg rectum ABD fat pad sural nerve and MSG to confirm the presence of amyloid deposits the aim of this T0 was to determine the frequency of amyloid deposits in minor salivary PG biopsied from fap patients and to investigate whether an association exists between the presence of these deposits and clinical features seventeen patients with fap were submitted to MSG biopsy to confirm the presence of amyloid deposits the histopathology of the salivary glands confirmed glandular amyloid deposits in nine symptomatic patients sensitivity of in general fap patients who tested positive for glandular amyloid deposits exhibited significantly higher frequencies of sensorimotor and dysautonomic dysfunctions p compared with those who tested negative none of the patients reported xerostomia minor SSG biopsy may help confirm the diagnosis of fap in symptomatic cases as it is noninvasive easy to execute and causes minimal discomfort to patients | MEDAL |
a structured model for the culture of cyanobacteria in photobioreactors is developed on the basis of schusters approximations for radiative light transfer this model is therefore limited to monodimensional geometries and kinetic aspectslightharvesting pigments play a crucial role in d been suggested amphiregulin ar is an epidermal growth factor receptor egfr ligand specifically induced upon CL injury here we have addressed the in vivo role of ar in exp liver fibrosis to this end liver fibrosis was induced in ar and ar mice by chronic ccl administration histological and molecular markers of hepatic fibrogenesis were measured additionally the response of cultured human and mouse CL fibrogenic cells to ar was evaluated we observed that ar was expressed in isolated KCs and liver fibrogenic cells in response to inflamatory stimuli and plateletderived growth factor respectively we demonstrate that the expression of alphasmooth SMA and collagen deposition were markedly reduced in ar mice compared to ar animals ar mice also showed reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and connective tissue growth factor two genes that responded to ar treatment in cultured fibrogenic cells ar also stimulated cell proliferation and exerted a potent Bcl-2 effect on isolated fibrogenic cells | MEDAL |
liver abscesses are infectious space occupying lesions in the CL the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amoebic a pyogenic liver abscess pla is a rare condition with a reported incidence of per hospital admissions in the western population the right lobe of the CL is the most common site in both types of ALA clinical presentation is elusive with complaints of fever right upper quadrant pain in the abdomen and hepatomegaly with or without jaundice the aetiology of pla has changed in the past few decades and may be of biliary portal arterial or traumatic origin but many cases are still cryptogenic the most common organisms causing pla are gramnegative aerobes especially escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumeport a case of a girl who presented with a painless neck mass which was later found to be a hemangioma originating from the sternohyoid muscle the morphology and immunohistochemical stain were consistent with hemangioma | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to assess the rate of diffuse alveolar damage dad on open lung biopsy olb performed in the icu for nonresolving ards | MEDAL |
thirteen cases of patients with dysgerminoma of the ovary accrued from the connecticut RT registry from were reviewed seven of the patients were stage i at the time of initial surgery two of these patients had a diagnosis of dysgerminoma arising within a gonadoblastoma five of the seven patients were treated with some form of adnexal surgery one patient received adjuvant combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide vac and another received radiation therapy two of the seven patients were treated with total ABD hysterectomy and BL salpingooophorectomy tahbso plus radiation therapy one patient whose tumor recurred after initial therapy with unilateral oophorectomy was successfully treated with radiation therapy six patients had advanced disease at the time of initial surgery one patient with stage ii disease and three patients with stage iii disease were treated with tahbso plus radiation therapy one patient with stage iii disease was treated with unilateral adnexectomy plus combination chemotherapy consisting of vinblastine bleomycin AMD cyclophosphamide and cisplatin vabvi one patient with stage iv disease was treated with decompressive laminectomy with RT resection removal of left pelvic mass radiation therapy and adjuvant combination chemotherapy vac in our series no patient died from dysgerminoma one patient died of an apparently unrelated cause the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of T3 and recurrent dysgerminoma has been demonstrated however the use of combination chemotherapy has been playing an increasingly important role in patients treated with conservative surgery in which preservation of fertility is a concern | MEDAL |
congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia cpt is a rare malformation it was first described by hatzoecher in treatment options of the congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia are VL and challenging various forms of bone grafts such as autologous iliac bone graft or free vascularised fibular graft bracing electrical stimulation external fixators including ilizarov technique and internal fixation with rods and plates are used here we represent a case of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia cpt of a yearold boy a shopkeeper hailing from barhatta netrokona and diagnosed by PH clinical examination and xray he was treated by ilizarov technique and follow up was done for a period of year CR union was achieved with correction of angulation and shortening | MEDAL |
blood flow DP and morphological changes within the extracranial carotid system were studied in m fascicularis before immediately T3 and at various intervals hours days days and weeks T3 the introduction of SVR hypertension by surgical coarctation of the thoracic aorta intraarterial hemodynamics were assessed by means of both continuouswave doppler signal spectrum analysis and multigate PW doppler flow velocity profile processing diminished peak frequencies throughout the carotid system and enlargement of the lumen diameter in the common carotid artery and the carotid bulb were L1 findings and were suspected to be due to cerebral autoregulation at high levels of intracranial V1 resistance in the ICA artery of pure muscular type the lumen diameter was diminished so the carotid bulb became an area of structural and hemodynamic transition as a consequence flow irregularities already observed in this region before surgery considerably increased during hypertension in addition endothelial disarray and leucocytic adherence and activation were associated with these hemodynamic alterations within the carotid bulb their mutual role in early atherogenesis is discussed | MEDAL |
two series of alkoxyhtriazolylquinolines and alkoxyhtriazoloneylquinolines were synthesized the anticonvulsant activity of these compounds was evaluated with maximal electroshock seizure test and rotarod test among the synthesized EDC octoxyhtriazolylquinoline g was the most active compound with ed of mgkg td of mgkg and protective index of its neurotoxicity was lower than all other synthesized compounds and also markedly lower than that of the reference drug carbamazepine in addition the potency of compound g against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole mercaptopropionic acid and BIC suggested its broad spectrum activove SQ of life for people with epilepsy and their families assessing the information needs of people with epilepsy and their families associated with epilepsyrelated risks specifically sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and developing and conducting surveys to capture trends in knowledge awareness attitudes and beliefs about epilepsy over time and in TPS population subgroups for each research priority selected examples of research are provided that will advance the field of epilepsy and improve the lives of people with epilepsy the iom report has many other research priorities for researchers to consider developing to advance the field of epilepsy and better the lives of people with epilepsy | MEDAL |
dielectrophoresis dep is an electrokinetic technique with proven ability to discriminate and selectively manipulate cells based on their phenotype and physiological state without the need for biological tags and markers the dep response of a cell is predominantly determined by the physicochemical properties of the BPM subtle changes of which can be detected from two socalled crossover frequencies fxo and fxo membrane capacitance and structural changes can be monitored by measurement of fxo at submegahertz frequencies and current indications suggest that fxo located above mhz is sensitive to changes of TM ion fluxes dep lends itself to integration in microfluidic devices and can also operate at the nanoscale to manipulate NPs apart from measurements of fxo and fxo other examples where dep could contribute to drug discovery and delivery include its ability to enrich stem cells according to their differentiation potential and to engineer artificial cell structures and nanostructures | MEDAL |
lipoxygenase an arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme of the lipoxygenase pathway has been implicated as a major factor in promoting prostate CA progression and metastasis the ability of lox to aggravate the disease was linked to its proangiogenic role recent studies clearly demonstrated that lox enhances the expression and secretion of the angiogenic factor vascular EC growth factor vegf thus providing a direct link between this enzyme and its angiogenic properties in the present study we have investigated the relationship between lox and hypoxia inducible factoralpha hifalpha a transcription factor involved in the regulation of vegf expression under hypoxic conditions in solid tumors our findings have revealed that hif is one of the target transcription factors regulated by lox and shete in hypoxic RT cells of the prostate regulation of hifalpha by lox adds to the complexity of pathways mediated by this enzyme in promoting prostate CA angiogenesis and metastasis we have evidence that lox increases the protein level mrna and functional activity of hifalpha under hypoxic conditions one of the mechanisms by which it upregulates vegf secretion and activity | MEDAL |
castleman disease is most commonly found in the mediastinum while the head and neck is the second most common location the disease exists in a unicentric and multicentric variety and is usually successfully treated with surgical resection alone early ID is important for treatment planning castleman disease has been reported to mimic other disease processes however there has been only one report of the disease mimicking a nerve sheath tumor in the parapharyngeal space here we report the second case of castleman disease mimicking a schwannoma in the PPS | MEDAL |
heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake by leukemic blast cells obtained from the bone marrow of patients with acute one acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and ALL leukemia was determinn more while the clamp was continued three exponential components were clearly identified in the plasma disappearance curves of tracer glucose of each subject studied both before and after insulin based on stringent statistical criteria the data in the basal state were fitted to a threecompartment MM the compartment of initial distribution was MZ to the plasma pool mgkg the other two compartments had similar size and mgkg but the former was in rapid exchange with plasma at an average rate of min whereas the latter exchanged times more slowly min the basal rate of gl turnover averaged mgmin kg and the total CSD volume of gl in the postabsorptive state was of body weight in view of current physiological information it was assumed that the more rapidly exchanging pool represented the insulinindependent tissues of the body while the slowly exchanging pool was assimilated to the insulindependent tissues insulinindependent gl uptake was estimated from published data at of basal gl uptake and was constrained not to NC with euglycemic hyperinsulinemia when the kinetic data obtained during insulin administration were fitted to this model neither the size nor the exchange rates of the plasma or the rapid pool were appreciably changed in contrast the slow pool was markedly expanded from to mgkg p less than at the same time as total Rd rose fourfold above basal to mgmin kg p less than furthermore a significant direct rho was found to exist between the NC in size of the slow pool and the insulinstimulated rate of total gl turnover r p we conclude that hyperinsulinemia independent of hyperglycemia markedly increases the exchangeable mass of glucose in the body presumably reflecting the accumulation of free intracellular glucose in insulindependent tissues | MEDAL |
in an attempt to determine whether the inhibition of the hypothalamicpituitarytesticular axis induced by oral cyclosporine csa is reversible intact adult male rats were treated with mgkg oral csa daily for weeks and then vehicle OJ for the next weeks a second group of animals control was fed OJ throughout the entire weeks of the experiment ST t was decreased significantly p less than after weeks of csa treatment when compared with controls after cessation of oral csa for the next weeks there was no difference in SS t between the control and csatreated groups serum lh intratesticular t VP vp and seminal vesicle sv weights paralleled the serum t C2 at and weeksie all values were decreased in the week csatreated group when compared with controls and these returned to normal at weeks intratesticular alphahydroxylase and desmolase MICs were significantly lower after weeks of csa treatment following cessation of the csa these enzymatic values returned to normal within weeks these data demonstrate that at the duration of treatment and the dose studied the csainduced inhibition of the hypothalamicpituitarytesticular axis of the IN AD rat is CR reversible | MEDAL |
aml the potent transcription factor in hematopoiesis is antagonized by amleto in t one our previous study showed that the differentiation and apoptosis of kasumi induced by sodium phenylbutyrate pb were accompanied by significant upregulation of pig and amlb one of the aml isoforms here we further investigated the relationship between amlb and pig also the effects of pig on leukemia cells the results demonstrated that exogenous amlb could upregulate pig expression in hek and cv cells in sequencespecific and dosagedependent manners and this effect was antagonized by amleto the specific amlbinding site required for pinduced gene pig TA was located between nucleotides and in the pig promoter overexpression of pig could induce the apoptosis and differentiation of kasumi and skno cells but showed less effect on nb cells directly moreover ectopic expression of pig could sensitize these cell lines to pb or alltrans retinoic acid respectively which could then be abrogated by downregulation of pig expression furthermore the primary acute ML cells showed similar response to the ectopic expression of pig in conclusion pig could be transactivated by aml which subsequently induces differentiation and apoptosis of one cells especially those with amleto fusion gene | MEDAL |
loss of contractile myocardial tissue by myocardial infarction would result in depressed cardiac output if compensatory mechanisms would not be operative frankstraubstarlingmechanism and increased HR rate and contractility due to sympathetic stimulation are unlikely to chronically compensate for cardiac dysfunction structural left ventricular dilatation may be compensatory but results in increased wall stress and ultimately in progressive dilatation and heart failure in patients with myocardial infarction we have shown leftventricular dilatation in dependence of IS and time T3 infarction dilatation is compensatory first and normalizes stroke volume however left ventricular dilatation progresses without further hemodynamic profit and thus may participate in development of HR failure | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to compare the shear and tensile bond strength of three adhesive systems with increasing concentrations of filler for bonding brackets | MEDAL |
for some time now a mm wide plug made of hard silicon with a grooved surface to facilitate fixing the thread has been used in the surgery of retinal foramina to indent the bulbus the plug has not caused any complications so far | MEDAL |
a thioetherlinked immunotoxin was made between pseudomonas exotoxin and the monoclonal antibody ovb this conjugate ovbpe was cytotoxic for the human ovarium CA cell L1 ovcar id of x m and it was therefore tested for antitumor activity in a nude mouse model of ovarian cancer this model employs the injection of a lethal number of ovcar cells into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice when micrograms of ovbpe was injected intraperitoneally on three successive days beginning days T3 ovcar cell implantation the survival of the TBM was increased fold compared to that of UT control mice median survival times for control mice ranged from to days while survival times of days or greater were seen in mice treated with ovbpe when ovbpe administration was delayed until weeks after tumor cell implantation ovbpe treatment also showed antitumor activity but the duration of survival was less than with the early treatments ovbpe was also cytotoxic for mcf breast carcinoma cells ht Caco-2 cells and a epidermoid carcinoma cells | MEDAL |
premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage ivh followed by post hemorrhagic HC phh are at high risk for brain injury cranial ultrasound cus is used for monitoring of premature neonates during the first weeks T3 birth to identify ivh and follow the progression to phh however the lack of a standardized method for cus evaluation has led to significant R2 in decision making regarding treatment we propose a quantitative imaging tool for the DUE of phh on cus for premature neonates based on morphological features of the cerebral ventricles we retrospectively studied extremely premature neonates born less than weeks gestational age less than grams weight at birth admitted to our center within two weeks of life and diagnosed with different grades of ivh we extracted morphological features of the lateral ventricles from cus imaging using image analysis techniques to compare neonates who needed a temporizing MI to treat phh to the ones who did not from the original set of features an optimal ranking was obtained based on linear support vector machine a subset of features was subsequently selected that maximizes the overall accuracy level regarding whether or not there was a need for temporizing MI we predicted the outcome of phh with an improved accuracy level of compared to the rate obtained by linear manual measurement the proposed imaging tool allowed us to establish a quantitative method for phh DUE on cus in extremely premature neonates with ivh further studies will help standardize the evaluation of cus in those neonates to institute treatments earlier and improve outcomes | MEDAL |
vitamin d has in vitro and in vivo effects on β cells and insulin sensitivity vitamin d deficiency vdd has been associated with the ON and progression of type diabetes mellitus dm however studies involving supplementation of vitamin d in subjects with previously established diabetes have demonstrated inconsistent effects on insulin sensitivity the aim of this openlabel T0 was to assess the effects of highdose vitamin d supplementation on insulin sensitivity in subjects with vdd and impaired fasting glucose we studied subjects with vdd and prediabetes with the modified frequently sampled intravenous gl tolerance mfsigt test before and after vitamin d supplementation vitamin d was administered as iu daily for weeks the mfsigt was analyzed with minmod millennium purchased from dr richard bergman keck school of medicine of usc los angeles calif to obtain estimates of acute insulin response to glucose airg insulin sensitivity si and disposition index di we found that airg decreased p and si increased p after a intervention with vitamin d if these findings are repeated in a randomized doubleblind T0 the results indicate that orally po highdose vitamin d supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired FG and suggests that highdose vitamin d supplementation might provide an inexpensive public health measure in preventing or at least delaying the progression from impaired FG to diabetes | MEDAL |
PC is a minimally invasive procedure for providing GB decompression often in critically ill patients it can be used in malignant biliary one following failed ERCP when the intrahepatic ducts are not dilated or when stent IS is not possible via the bile ducts in properly selected patients PC in obstructive jaundice is a simple safe and rapid option for biliary decompression thus avoiding the morbidity and mortality involved with percutaneous transhepatic biliary stenting subsequent use of a percutaneous cholecystostomy for definitive biliary stent placement is an attractive concept and leaves patients with no external drain to the best of our knowledge it has only been described on three previous occasions in the published literature on each occasion forced by surgical or technical considerations traditionally anatomictechnical considerations and the risk of bile leak have precluded such an approach but improvements in catheter design and manufacture may now make it more feasible we report a case of successful interval metal stent placement via percutaneous cholecystostomy which was preplanned and achieved excellent palliation for the patient the pros and cons of the procedure and approach are discussed | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to investigate a single crystal diamond detector the microdiamond detector from ptw ptwfreiburg freiburg germany concerning the particular requirements in the setup and energy range used in small animal radiotherapy rt research around kv we tested it to find out the minimal required preirradiation dose the dose linearity dose rate dependency and the angular response as well as usability in the small animal radiation research platform sarrp xstrahl ltd camberley uk for a stable signal in the range of energies used in the T0 we found a required preirradiation dose of gy the dose linearity and dose rate dependence measurements showed a very good performance of the microdiamond detector regarding the effect of angular dependency the variation of the response signal is less than within the first ° of the polar angle in the azimuthal angle however there are differences in detector response up to depending on the range of energies used in the study in addition we compared the detector to a radiosensitive film for a profile measurement of a Ãmm | MEDAL |
four new ligands and their palladiumii complexes of general formula rsseddtyr ll and pdclrsseddtyr cc rethyl npropyl nbutyl and npentyl sseddtyr·hclethylenediaminenndidihydroxybenzylacetic acid dihydrochloride have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis infrared h and c nmr spectroscopy cytotoxicity for ligands and complexes on two different cell lines human breast cancer mdamb and human lung cancer a cell lines and human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells cll was investigated using mtt dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide assay | MEDAL |
the causative pathomechanism of SALS als is not clearly understood using microarray technology combined with lasercaptured microdissection gene expression profiles of degenerating spinal motor neurons as well as spinal VH from autopsied patients with sporadic als were examined spinal motor SN showed a distinct gene expression profile from the whole spinal VH three percent of genes examined were significantly downregulated and were upregulated in motor SN in contrast with motor neurons the total spinal VP horn homogenates demonstrated and significant upregulation and downregulation of mRNA respectively downregulated genes in motor SN included those associated with cytoskeletonaxonal transport transcription and cell surface antigensreceptors such as dynactin dctn and early growth response egr in particular dctn was markedly downregulated in most residual motor neurons prior to the accumulation of pnfh and ubiquitylated protein promoters for cell death pathway DR dr cyclins c ccnc and a ccna and caspases were upregulated whereas cell death inhibitors acetylcoa transporter acatn and nfkappab nfkb were also upregulated in terms of spinal VH the expression of genes related to cell surface antigensreceptors transcription and cell adhesionecm were increased the gene expression resulting in neurodegenerative and neuroprotective changes were both present in spinal motor SN and VP horn moreover inflammationrelated genes such as belonging to the cytokine family were not however significantly upregulated in either motor SN or VH the sequence of motor neuronspecific mRNA changes from early dctn downregulation to late ccnc upregulation in SALS can provide direct information on the genes leading to neurodegeneration and neuronal death and are helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies | MEDAL |
modulation of gut function is important in an ecological and evolutionary context because it likely determines what food items an animal can and cannot eat we examined how diet affects activity of digestive enzymes in an omnivorous bird the pine warbler dendroica pinus pine warblers were fed insectbased fruitbased and seedbased diets for approximately d we then measured activity of amylase maltase sucrase aminopeptidasen trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase a carboxypeptidase b PL and carboxyl ester lipase we predicted that carbohydrase activities would be highest in birds fed the diet highest in carbohydrates fruit based protease MICs would bf and nm respectively and that the number of mjaggedbinding sites on baf is per cell furthermore deletion mutant analyses showed that the dsl domain of mjagged is a minimal IB unit and is indispensable for IB to mnotch the epidermal growth factorlike repeats of mjagged modulate the affinity of the interaction with the first and second repeats playing a major role finally solidphase binding assay showed that jagged binds to notch and notch in addition to notch suggesting that mjagged is a ligand for multiple notch receptors | MEDAL |
a combination of temporolimbic hyperperfusion and extratemporal hypoperfusion was observed during complex partial seizures cps in TLE tle to investigate the clinical correlate of perfusion changes in tle we analyzed focal seizures of increasing severity using voxelbased analysis of ictal spect we selected preoperative pairs of ictalinterictal spects from AD mesial tle patients seizurefree after surgery ictal spects were classified in three groups motionless seizures group ml n seizures with motor automatisms ma without dystonic posturing dp group ma n and seizures with dp with or without ma dp n patients of group ml had SPS sps while others had cps CG of ictalinterictal spect were compared to a control group using SPM spm in ml group spm analysis failed to show significant changes hyperperfusion involved the anteromesial temporal region in ma group and also the insula posterior putamen and thalamus in dp group hypoperfusion was restricted to the posterior cingulate and prefrontal regions inith low retinol was comparable to strong risk AF eg hdlcholesterol interleukin and behaved additively in conclusion plasma retinol levels of microgl in a fifth of middleaged EU men place them at an approximately threefold rr of developing chd thus the intake of vitamin a might be too low in MA men these findings must be confirmed | MEDAL |
DT and withdrawal seizures are serious complications of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome this review presents the diagnostic procedures required in case of the occurrence of a withdrawal seizure and DT as well as possible treatment options including prophylactic medication regimen for alcohol withdrawal syndrome furthermore nonpharmacological procedures accompanying delirium tremens and a potential integration of viewing videotapes of delirium tremens in the course of alcoholspecific therapy are discussed | MEDAL |
the molecular nature of the strong inward rectifier k channel in V1 smooth muscle was explored by using isolated cell rtpcr cdna cloning and expression techniques rtpcr of rna from single smooth muscle cells of rat CBF basilar coronary and mesenteric arteries revealed transcripts for kir transcripts for kir and kir were not found QPCR analysis revealed significant differences in transcript levels of kir between the different V1 preparations n p a twofold difference was detected between kir mrna and betaactin mrna in coronary arteries when compared with relative levels measured in MES and basilar preparations kir was cloned from rat mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells and expressed in xenopus oocytes currents were strongly inwardly rectifying and selective for k the effect of extracellular ba ca mg and cs ions on cloned kir channels expressed in xenopus oocytes was examined ba and cs block were steeply voltage dependent whereas block by external ca and mg exhibited little voltage dependence the apparent halfblock constants and voltage dependences for ba cs ca and mg were very similar for inward rectifier k currents from native cells and cloned kir channels expressed in oocytes molecular studies demonstrate that kir is the only member of the kir channel subfamily present in vascular arterial smooth muscle cells expression of cloned kir in xenopus oocytes resulted in inward rectifier k currents that strongly resemble those that are observed in native vascular arterial smooth muscle cells we conclude that kir encodes for inward rectifier k channels in arterial smooth muscle | MEDAL |
together with inflammation and subsequent remodeling of airways an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative agents is generated during the development of numerous pulmonary diseases this process seems to be involved in both the pathogenesis and chronification of asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd soas ILDs and cystic fibrosis reactive oxygen species including superoxide anion hidroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide ho are synthetised as a response of inflammatory cells and are responsible of the oxidation of nucleic acids proteins and membrane lipids leading to cell damage and enhanced inflammation until recently it was difficult to quantify the airway production of reactive oxidative species ros in fact it has been only in the last few years when it has been possible to determine indirectly the levels of ros in expired air and in tissue of AP the analysis of exhaled air is a single reproducible and noninvasive technique which is useful in the study of volatile and nonvolatile gases generated in different conditions the determination of exhaled nitric oxide and carbon monoxide co has a great usefulness in the assessment of asthma nitric oxide seems to be closely related to the physiopathology of asthma and copd in fact it is correlated with the C2 of sputum eosinophils and with the response to the treatment with CS yet a rho with the degree of airflow obstruction and the seriousness of the process has not been found exhaled co is another indirect marker of inflammation and it is increased in asthma copd cystic fibrosis and bronchectases even though numerous studies have shown its usefulness as a marker of inflammation and in the response to CSs its clinical application has limitations in particular it is not a specific and exclusive marker of oxidative AS and its C2 are highly influenced by tobacco smoke on the other hand the association between exhaled co and fev is not clear and no relationship has been proved so far with the improvement of pulmonary function after steroid therapy and with the decrease of Vmax at relapses in this review we describe the advances in the knowledge of oxidative AS as a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of prevalent pulmonary diseases as well as the methods allowing its analysis and monitoring | MEDAL |
a cephalometric study was conducted on patients with repaired cleft palate to evaluate the stability in level and length of the base attachment of the velopharyngeal complex following pharyngeal flap surgery by a modified velopharyngoplasty CR velopharyngeal closure and normal articulation with a speech appliance were confirmed in all patients prior to pharyngeal flap surgery which was performed on patients years of age and above cephalometric radiographs were taken immediately year years and years postoperatively cephalometric analysis revealed that although the level and length of the base of the velopharyngeal complex showed changes during the first postoperative year they remained stable when compared with the palatal plane during the last two years this indicated therefore that the base of a velopharyngoplasty should be attached at the same level of the palatal plane namely the level of velopharyngeal closure and that the procedure appeared useful in producing a stable velopharyngeal complex | MEDAL |
a yearold asian man with a PH of CHB infection presented to our pulmonary clinic for second opinion of his chronic persistent nonproductive cough he was evaluated months earlier with chest ct scan which revealed a C1 lingular nodular opacity that was diagnosed as nodular COP by ct scanguided percutaneous lung biopsy SVR CSs were initiated and continued over the next months the dry cough persisted and he developed intermittent leftsided pleuritic chest pain he denied fevers night sweats hemoptysis WL or dyspnea he was a lifelong nonsmoker and moved to the united states from china during childhood | MEDAL |
clinical observations have long indicated a vestibular influence on autonomic function neuroanatomical studies in the rb and in the cat have identified descending vestibuloautonomic pathways from the caudal portion of the medial VN and the VPI vestibular nucleus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve the nucleus of the solitary tract and some brain stem medullary sympathetic regions this study describes vestibuloautonomic pathways in rats one group of LE received i.v. of TMR dextran into the caudal aspect of the vestibular nuclear complex anterogradely labeled descending fibers were traced bilaterally to lateral ventrolateral and intermediate subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve a small number of axons also projected bilaterally to the nucleus ambiguus the ventrolateral medulla and the nucleus RM finally anterogradely labeled ascending SF were traced from the caudal medial VN and the inferior vestibular nucleus to the medial lateral ventrolateral and kollikerfuse regions of parabrachial nucleus a second group of rats received iontophoretic i.v. of fluorogold into the nucleus of the solitary tract to identify the cells of origin of the vestibulosolitary projection similar to findings in the rabbit balaban and beryozkin retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the caudal medial VN and the inferior VN these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a common DP of vestibular nuclear projections to autonomic regions is shared by rabbits cats and rats | MEDAL |
deregulated interplay between inflammation and coagulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target both inflammation and coagulation hold great promise for the treatment of sepsis thrombomodulin is an endogenous anticoagulant protein that in cooperation with protein c and thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor serves to maintain the EC microenvironment in an antiinflammatory and anticoagulant state a recombinant soluble form of TM has been approved to treat patients suffering from disseminated intravascular coagulation dic and has thus far shown greater therapeutic potential than heparin a phase ii clinical trial is currently underway in the usa to T0 the efficacy of thrombomodulin for the treatment of sepsis with dic complications this paper focuses on the critical roles that TM plays at the intersection of inflammation and coagulation and proposes the possible existence of interactions with integrins via protein c finally we provide a rationale for the clinical application of thrombomodulin for alleviating sepsis | MEDAL |
an increasing number of morbidly obese patients are presenting for surgery with the potential for increased perioperative morbidity and mortality this article reviews surgical and nonsurgical options in the management of morbidly obese patients overweight and obese individuals should be treated with diet exercise and behavioral therapy the failure of this approach is an indication for pharmacologic therapy bariatric surgery reduces obesityrelated complications and reduces longterm morbidity mortality and health care resources use | MEDAL |
the function of the right IVT rv in heart failure hf has been mostly ignored until recently a report of the national heart lung and blood institute identified a gap between rv research efforts and its clinical importance compared with that of the left ventricle this recent shift in paradigm is fueled by the prognostic value ascribed to rv failure in hf and morbiditymortality T3 myocardial infarction and surgery in this review we examine the significance of rv failure in the hf setting its clinical presentation and pathophysiology and ways to evaluate rv CF using echocardiographic measurements furthermore we discuss the medical management of rv failure including traditional therapies like betablockers and newer options like nitric oxide phosphodiesterase inhibitors and calcium sensitizers mechanical support is also examined finally this review places an emphasis on rv failure in the setting of left ventricular assist devices and HR transplantation | MEDAL |
oligopeptides are wellknown to selfassemble into a wide array of nanostructures including βsheetrich SF that when present above a critical concentration become entangled and form selfsupporting hydrogels the length quantity and interactions between fibers influence the mechanical properties of the hydrogel formed and this is typically achieved by varying the peptide concentration ph ionic strength or the addition of a second species or chemical crosslinking agent here we outline an alternative facile route to control the mechanical properties of the selfassembling octapeptide fefefkfk fekii simply doping with controlled quantities of its double length peptide fefefkfkggfkfkfefe fekii the structure and properties of a series of samples were studied here â m of fekii using fourier transform infrared small angle xray scattering transmission electron microscopy and oscillatory rheology all samples were found to contain elongated flexible fibers and all mixed samples contained yshaped CB points and parallel fibers which is attributed to the longer peptide selfassembling within two SF thus creating a crosslink in the network structure such behavior was reflected in an increase in the elasticity of the mixed samples with increasing quantity of double peptide interestingly the elastic modulus increased up to times the pure fekii value simply by adding m of fekii these observations provide an easy offtheshelf method for an enduser to control the crosslinked network structure of the peptide hydrogel and consequently strength of the hydrogel simply by physically mixing predetermined quantities of two similar peptide molecules | MEDAL |
poems polyneuropathy organomegaly hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy endocrinopathy m protein and skin changes syndrome is an uncommon PCD with diverse manifestations including lymphadenopathy as well as those that comprise the acronym dermatologic changes may include hyperpigmentation thickened skin hypertrichosis and papular angiomas these changes are believed to result from humoral products of the plasma cell clone and frequently resolve with treatment of the neoplasm we describe a man with typical poems syndrome with a unique skin lesion a C1 sharply circumscribed pigmented PI on the anterior CW centered over a plasmacytoma of the sternum results of histologic examination showed a proliferation of capillaries of varying size enlarged fibroblasts and increased amounts of collagen and proteoglycan from the dermis to the periosteum because the outer cortex of the sternum was eroded peptide mediators of vascular and fibroblast proliferation may have diffused directly from the plasma cell lesion into the tissues of the CW | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate seasonal changes of spermatogenesis and the cellular localization of pc and parom in wild male ground squirrels during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons the testicular weight testicular size and score count of spermatogenesis from april to september were measured and histological and immunohistochemical observations of testicular tissues were performed in wild male ground squirrels in addition total proteins were extracted from testicular tissue in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons and were used for western blotting analysis for pc and parom there were marked variations in testicular weight testicular size and score count of spermatogenesis from the breeding season april to the nonbreeding season september histologically SPG primary spermatocytes AA spermatocytes and spermatozoa were identified in the breeding season april immunolocalization of pc was detected in leydig cells and spermatozoa during the breeding season and was only found in leydig cells during the nonbreeding season the positive signals of pc by western blotting were both observed in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons immunolocalization of parom was observed in leydig cells sertoli cells and all types of spermatogenic cells including maturephase spermatozoa in the breeding season while immunoreactivity for parom was not present in the testis of the nonbreeding season with parom antibody a band was also only detected in the breeding season by WB these results suggest that the seasonal changes in testicular weight and size are correlated with spermatogenesis and immunolocalization of pc and parom and androgen and estrogen may play an important role in the spermatogenesis and testicular recrudescence and regression process | MEDAL |
a specific sensitive and simple radioimmunoassay ria system for human transcortin was developed a highly purified CBG was prepared from PHS by the following four successive steps AS fractionation cortisolsepharose column chromatography ultragel acaa column chromatography and hydroxylapatite column chromatography antitranscortin antibody was raised by immunizing rabbits the ria employing ilabeled CBG preparation and PEG for separation of free and boundform was CS to CBG in concentrations as low as ngml this ria was reliable in the tests of dilution reproducibility and REC the presence of cortisol does not interfere with the CA also a test of cross reactivity revealed that the system was not influenced by human serum albumin in a concentration times that of transcortin the transcortin concentrations determined by the ria y and those by the conventional steroidbinding assay x revealed a good rho y x in NS and the immunoreactivity and steroid CBA revealed a good rho in heat and acidinactivated transcortin with some total cortisol concentrations given the CBG concentrations were inversely correlated with proteinunbound cortisol concentrations the present CA is useful not only for biochemical research but also for clinical studies in which the determination of transcortin makes it possible to evaluate the concentration of proteinunbound cortisol which is the physiologically AS fraction in SS | MEDAL |
we evaluated the genetic R2 of triatoma brasiliensis the main vector of chagas disease in northeast brazil using specimens from three populations regions of genomic dna were amplified by rapd random amplified polimorphic dna using two primers the products were visualized after PAGE followed by silver IF a dendrogram constructed through the dice similarity coefficient allowed for separation of the tested specimens into three distinct groups the populations captured in areas from ceará state showed similar profiles but different from that captured in piauà state our results indicate that rapd can be used successfully in triatomine studies and suggest the presence of genetic variability between different populations of t brasiliensis | MEDAL |
the role of gammaband typically hz oscillations in visual processing is a topic of increasing interest one hypothesis is that gamma oscillations reflect the action of gabaergic GABA processes in the visual SC responsible for surroundsuppression evidence from primate neurophysiology gieselmann thiele a european journal of neuroscience suggests that the amplitude of the gammaband response increases as a visual grating stimulus expands outside of the classical receptive field into the inhibitory surround with the amplitude of the response increasing and the frequency of the response decreasing monotonically with stimulus size in this study we tested the relationship between the gammaband response and the size of visual grating stimuli in humans using meg in two initial experiments we found that while the absolute magnitude of the gammaband response varied considerably across participants in all cases the amplitude of the response had a monotonically increasing relationship with size in contrast we did not find any relationship between the frequency of the response and the size of the stimulus previously the frequency of the visual gammaband response has been found to correlate across individuals with the SA of cortical area v schwarzkopf et al journal of neuroscience we however were unable to find any rho between the frequency or the magnitude of the gammaband response and the dimensions of v cortical GM as measured from participants mr images consistent with a saturation of the gammaband response found for some individuals in the first exp in a third experiment we found that the magnitude of the response to our largest CS- ° was less than that predicted from the response to the stimulus parts | MEDAL |
interactions between protein domt ccn MICs of nacl and two types of artificial sea salt containing only inorganic components were measured to establish a baseline for further measurements of mixed organicinorganic particles second the effect of varying bubble residence time in the bulk seawater solution on particle size and ccn activity was investigated and was found to be insignificant for the SOCs studied finally ccn MICs of particles produced from jet impingement were compared with those produced from diffuser aeration analyses indicate a considerable amount of organic enrichment in the jetproduced particles relative to the bulk seawater composition when sodium laurate an organic surfactant is present in the seawater in this case the production of a thick foam layer during impingement may explain the difference in activation and supports hypotheses that particle production from the two methods of generating bubbles is not equal | MEDAL |
interscalene brachial plexus block isb using the modified lateral RPA provides a wellestablished method of anesthesia and analgesia for patients undergoing shoulder surgery considering the neural anatomy at the site of i.t. the superficial cervical plexus may be at risk of injury we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of SF cervical plexus neuropathy | MEDAL |
the cofactor CF of human factor viii in factor x activation was investigated by an initialrate assay of hfactor x activation in the presence of human factor ixa ca and either phospholipid or fresh washed human platelets purified factor viii that has not been activated by thrombin or factor xa supports factor x activation T3 a lag of several minutes a specific inhibitor of factor xa which had no LIA against factor ixa markedly prolonged this lag whereas TPS thrombin inhibitors did not prolong the lag these data support the conclusion that unactivated factor viii has no ability to support factor x activation in a purified system until it is G1 by factor xa FB during the lag period when factor viii was optimally preactivated by thrombin the lag was completely abolished regardless of the order of addition of the other reactants or the phospholipid source these data indicate that there is no slow timedependent ordering of the reactants at the phospholipid or activated platelet surface if factor viii has been preactivated unactivated platelets did not support factor x activation by AF ixa and viii the effect of activated factor viii on the kinetics of bovine FX activation was primarily to increase the vmax fold whereas with human FX factor viii both increased the vmax fold and decreased the km sixfold to microm similar to the plasma concentration of FX therefore a change in the plasma factor x concentration would be expected to have a L1 effect on the rate of FX activation in vivo | MEDAL |
autopsy records from the women and infants hospital from january through january were reviewed to identify cardiac malformations in the presence of skeletal dysplasia of cases of lethal fetal or neonatal osteochondrodysplasias were given diagnoses in which disorders of type ii collagen are regarded as causative these were categorized in the spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia sed spectrum of disorders specifically two patients with hypochondrogenesis and two with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita were identified defects in cardiac septation were noted in the patients with hypochondrogenesis no cardiovascular CA were present in the remaining cases which included thanatophoric dysplasia osteogenesis imperfecta and asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy although CVM have been described in other types of osteochondrodysplasias eg short rib polydactyly syndrome type ii and chondroectodermal ellisvan creveld dysplasia congenital HR disease has not been described in hypochondrogenesis CII which has been found to be abnormal in some patients with hypochondrogenesis is considered to have a limited tissue distribution and has not been detected as yet in human myocardium the findings presented here suggest that type ii collagen may function in human cardiogenesis | MEDAL |
different followup methods have been used to report success rates after af ablation recent studies have shown that intermittent rhythm monitoring underestimates the actual af recurrence rate we therefore report our experience with continuous rhythm monitoring by implantable loop recorder ilr in a C1 patient cohort between and cardiac surgical patients underwent concomitant surgical af ablation ilr implantation was performed in patients ilr interrogation was accomplished at and months postoperatively successful ablation was defined as af burden primary outcome of the study was freedom from af at month followup mean patients age was ± years no major ablation or ilrrelated complications occurred in patients ilr had to be explanted due to ilrrelated wound infection n or CP n survival rate at year followup was freedom from af rate T3 year followup was and off antiarrhythmic drugs respectively statistically significant predictors for successful ablation at year followup were smaller la diameter shorter duration of af and preoperative paroxysmal af demographic data indication for surgery lesion set and used SE source had no impact on freedom from af after year continuous ilr monitoring T3 concomitant surgical af ablation was safe and feasible with registered freedom from af rate of at year followup thus continuous rhythm monitoring provides reliable outcome data and helps to guide antiarrhythmic therapy | MEDAL |
local order in silicate glasses has been observed by many experimental techniques to be similar to that in crystalline materials details of the intermediaterange order are more elusive but essential for understanding the lack of longrange symmetry in glasses and the effect of composition on glass structure twodimensional o dynamicanglespinning nuclear magnetic resonance experiments reveal intermediaterange order in the distribution of intertetrahedral siosi bond angles and a high degree of order in the disposition of oxygen atoms around the networkmodifying cations | MEDAL |
all living organisms require iron fe to carry out many crucial metabolic pathways despite its high concentrations in the geosphere fe BA to plant roots can be very scarce to cope with fe shortage plants can activate different strategies for these reasons we investigated fe deficient hordeum vulgare l plants by monitoring growth phytosiderophores ps PR iron content and translocation and dna methylation with respect to fe sufficient ones reductions of plant growth roots to shoots fe translocation and increases in ps release were found experiments on dna methylation highlighted significant differences between fully and hemymethylated sequences in fe deficient plants with respect to fe sufficient plants eleven dna bands differently methylated were found in starved plants of these five sequences showed significant alignment to barley genes encoding for a glucosyltransferase a putative acyl carrier protein a peroxidase a βglucosidase and a transcription factor containing a homeodomin a resupply experiment was carried out on starved barley refed at days after sowing das and it showed that plants did not recover after fe addition in fact fe absorption and root to shoot translocation capacities were impaired in addition resupplied barley showed dna methylationdemethylation patterns very similar to that of barley grown in fe ED this last finding is very encouraging because it indicates as these variationsmodifications could be transmitted to progenies | MEDAL |
changes in the pericapillary microenvironment of adult monthold and senescent monthold fischer rats treated for weeks with daily ip i.v. of brovincamine or apovincamine mgkg were correlated with spontaneous locomotor activity and cdeoxyglucose uptake of the BB the animals were tested for spontaneous locomotor activity in a tunnel maze twentyfour hr T3 behavioral testing and subsequently after a cdeoxyglucose injection brains were removed and capillaries stained with ALP phosphatase reaction being later measured with an opticalelectronic image analysis technique results revealed an increase in intercapillary distance as a CS parameter for capillary density in the hippocampus ca and in the parietal SC area in association with aging capillary diameter in the PC was found to be increased age dependently a similar agerelated increase was also observed in the ca field but this age trend was not significant chronic treatment with the vincamines produced a dosedependent reduction in ICD in senescent animals which approached the level of UT adult control rats significant negative correlations were found between maze locomotion and intercapillary distance among senescent rats furthermore intercapillary distance and local relative deoxyglucose uptake tended to be negatively correlated in both age groups these findings provide evidence for the working hypothesis that mean ICD can be considered as an indicator of neuronal activity in the pericapillary microenvironment | MEDAL |
a hepesbased medium has been devised which allows rapid pi exchange across the BPM of the human EA this allows the metabolically labile phosphate pools of human erythrocytes to come to equilibrium with ppi in the medium after only h in vitro after h incubation with ppi in this medium only three phospholipids phosphatidic acid ptdoh phosphatidylinositol phosphate ptdinsp and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate ptdinsp are radioactively labelled the concentrations of ptdinsp and ptdinsp remain constant throughout the incubation so this labelling process is a reflection of the steadystate turnover of their monoester phosphate groups during such incubations the specific radioactivities of the monoesterified phosphates of ptdins ptdinsp and ptdoh come to a steady value T3 h that is only of the specific radioactivity of the gammaphosphate of atp at that time we suggest that this is a consequence of metabolic heterogeneity this heterogeneity is not a result of the heterogeneous age CSD of the erythrocytes in human blood thus it appears that there is metabolic compartmentation of these lipids within cells such that within a timescale of a few hours only of these three lipids are actively metabolized the PIC of intact human erythrocytes when activated by caionophore treatment only hydrolyses of the total ptdinsp and of plabelled ptdinsp present in the cells this enzyme does not discriminate between the metabolically AS and inactive compartments of lipids in the EA membrane hence at least four metabolic pools of ptdinsp and ptdinsp are distinguishable in the human erythrocyte plasma membrane the mechanisms by which multiple nonmixing metabolic pools of ptdoh ptdinsp and ptdinsp are sustained over many hours in the plasma membranes of IN erythrocytes are unknown although some possible explanations are considered | MEDAL |
the goal of biological measurement is to capture underlying biological phenomena in numerical form the reciprocity index applied to heterostylous flowers is meant to measure the degree of correspondence between fertile parts of opposite sex on complementary intercompatible morphs reflecting the correspondence of locations of pollen placement on and stigma contact with pollinators pollen of typical heterostylous flowers can achieve unimpeded fertilization only on oppositemorph flowers thus the implicit goal of this measurement is to assess the likelihood of legitimate pollinations between compatible morphs and hence reproductive fitness previous reciprocity metrics fall short of this goal on both empirical and theoretical grounds we propose a new measure of reciprocity based on theory that relates floral morphology to reproductive fitness this method establishes a scale based on adaptive inaccuracy a measure of the fitness cost of the deviation of phenotypes in a population from the optimal phenotype inaccuracy allows the estimation of independent contributions of maladaptive bias mean departure from optimum and imprecision withinpopulation variance to the phenotypic mismatch inaccuracy of heterostylous morphs on a common scale we illustrate this measure using data from three species of primula primulaceae | MEDAL |
the antihyperglycemic effect of edible plants was studied on healthy rabbits submitted weekly to subcutaneous glucose tolerance tests T3 gastric administration of water tolbutamide or a traditional preparation of the plant tolbutamide cucurbita ficifolia PHA opuntia streptacantha spinacea oleracea cucumis sativus and cuminum cyminum decrease significantly the area under the glucose tolerance curve and the hyperglycemic peak brassica oleracea var botrytis allium cepa and allium sativum only decrease the hyperglycemic peak the glycemic decreases caused by psidium guajava brassica oleracea and lactuca sativa var romana were not significant p the integration of a menu that includes the edible plants with hypoglycemic activity for the control and prevention of diabetes mellitus may be possible and recommendable | MEDAL |
in order to evaluate a possible relation between CS and prevalence of diabetic microangiopathy a series of consecutive patients suffering from IDD juvenileonset diabetes mellitus with different durations of disease patients each with diabetes for to years to years and to years respectively were examined for clinical signs of retinopathy nephropathy and IP neuropathy the results were compared with the patients previous and actual smoking habits CS was defined as daily smoking of at least ten cigarettes for one year or more smoking habits of the total diabetic sample were not significantly different from those of a nondiabetic control sample however a decline in the number of cigarette smokers and a rising number of exsmokers were noted with increasing duration of diabetes in comparing smokers and nonsmokers no difference was found in the prevalence of IP neuropathy background retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy however the prevalence of nephropathy persistent PU was significantly higher p less than among these patients who were or had been cigarette smokers thus CS might be considered a risk factor for the OD of diabetic nephropathy | MEDAL |
nucleocapsid nc proteins in most retroviruses have a wellconserved cyshis boxes as well as more divergent flanking regions that are rich in basic residues mutations in the flanking regions can affect rna packaging virus assembly and reverse transcription of the viral rna to gain a further understanding of the roles of nc flanking regions in the retroviral replication cycle we generated and characterized chimeric gagpol expression constructs derived from mu leukemia virus and spleen necrosis virus by replacing an nc flanking region from one virus with the counterpart from the other virus we found that all four chimeras were able to generate virions package viral rna and CR the viral replication cycle two chimeras had mild defects in virus assembly that correlated with a decrease in the isoelectric points of ncs suggesting that the basic nature of nc is important in virus assembly this finding indicates that although the primary sequences of these flanking regions have little homology the heterologous sequences are PET both as part of the gag polyprotein and as processed nc protein | MEDAL |
crohns disease a transmural inflammatory bowel disease has many wellknown extraintestinal manifestations and complications although acute one has a higher incidence in patients with crohns disease as compared to the GP AP is still relatively uncommon in patients with CD patients with CD are at an approximately fourfold higher risk than the GP to develop acute pancreatitis the risk of developing AP is higher in females as compared to males acute pancreatitis can occur at any age with higher incidence reported in patients in their s and between years of age the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with CD is the same as in general population AP can occur before onset of intestinal CD this presentation being more common in children than adults it can also occur as the presenting symptom however most commonly it occurs after intestinal symptoms have manifest with a mean time interval between the initial presentation and development of AP being years there are several etiological AF contributing to acute one in patients with CD it is not clear whether acute one is a direct extraintestinal manifestation of crohns disease however majority of the cases of AP in patients with CD are due to gs and medications drugs used for the treatment of crohns disease that have been reported to cause acute pancreatitis include asa agents azathioprine and mercaptopurine metornidazole and corticosteroids recent evidence has emerged correlating both type and autoimmune pancreatitis with crohns disease understanding the association between the two disease entities is key to effectively manage patients with CD and acute pancreatitis | MEDAL |
spontaneously diabetic bbw rats were compared with agematched regular wistar and nondiabetic bbw rats to determine whether the presence of diabetes would alter cardiovascular regulation appreciably systolic and mean BPs measured with the tailcuff method from to wk of age tended to be slightly higher in diabetic than nondiabetic bbw rats but the differences were not significant mean pressures recorded from indwelling catheters in the same rats at wk of age also did not differ significantly thereby verifying that the diabetic rats were not hypertensive to measure baroreflex sensitivity heartrate responses were elicited reflexly by elevating blood pressure with phenylephrine or lowering it with sodium nitroprusside although reflex bradycardia elicited with phenylephrine was the same reflex tachycardia elicited with sodium nitroprusside was more pronounced in diabetic bbw than other rats underlying autonomic mechanisms were then assessed by repeating the baroreflex tests T3 either ACh blockade with methylatropine or betaadrenergic blockade with propranolol magnitude of reflex bradycardia T3 inhibition by either cholinergic or betaadrenergic blockade still did not differ between rat CG but that of reflex ART remained significantly stronger in diabetic bbw than other rats these results collectively show that although diabetic bbw rats remained normotensive they had enhanced reflex ART that persisted even T3 efferent autonomic blockade the failure to develop higher pressures with time further indicates that without additional manipulation these rats cannot be used experimentally to simulate the simultaneous presence of hypertension in diabetic patients | MEDAL |
oxidized low density lipoproteins ldl are now considered to be one of the atherogenic lipoproteins in vivo and to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis we previously demonstrated in mouse peritoneal macrophages that oxidized ldl stimulated prostaglandin pg e synthesis when incorporated into the cells yokode m et al j clin invest in this T0 we investigated AA metabolism in macrophages T3 foam cell transformation the cells were incubated with microgramsml of Ox ldl for h then stimulated with zymosan lipidenriched macrophages which had taken up oxidized ldl produced much less eicosanoids such as pge ketopgf alpha and leukotriene c than control cells T3 labeling of the cells with carachidonic acid they were stimulated with zymosan and the phospholipase activity was determined the activity of lipidenriched cells was about twothirds of that of control cells then we investigated the fatty acid composition of their phospholipid fraction to clarify AA content and mobilization percent of AA of lipidenriched cells decreased and less arachidonic acid mobilization was observed T3 stimulation with zymosan these data suggest that impaired AA metabolism in lipidenriched macrophages can be explained by their decreased phospholipase activity and changes in their HFA composition | MEDAL |
the influence of bcl and bax expression on apoptotic cell death in mouse intestinal epithelia was assessed using homozygously null mice apoptosis was induced in vivo by the enterotoxin fluorouracil fu or by gammairradiation and its cell positional incidence was assessed fu and gammaradiation treated baxnull mice surprisingly showed no reductions in AI yield in the small intestine or midcolon at h at cell positions in which both agents had previously been shown to strongly induce p protein expression the Tc epithelia of fu treated bclnull mice showed elevated C2 of apoptosis at h from apoptotic events in WT to in the nulls scoring half crypts the increase occurred specifically in the cell positions considered to harbour colonic stem cells at the base of crypts where there is selective expression of bcl there was a modest but significant increase in apoptosis in the small intestine of the bclnull mice although the epithelia of wildtype mice here are not IHC positive for bcl protein these findings show that bcl plays a key role in determining the sensitivity of Tc stem cells to damageinduced death but that bax is not responsible for the pdependent induction of apoptosis in this context | MEDAL |
the bacteroides mobilizable transposon nbu uses an integrase intn that is a tyrosine recombinase for its integration and excision from the host chromosome previously we showed that intn makes bp staggered cuts within the nbu att CS and certain mismatches within the crossover region of the attn site gc attn or the chromosomal target site cg attbt enhanced the in vivo integration efficiency here we describe an in vitro integration system for nbu we used nicked substrates and a holliday junction trapping peptide to show that nbu integration proceeds via formation of a HJ intermediate that is formed by exchange of bottom strands some mismatches next to the first strand exchange site in reactions with cg attbt or gc attn with their wildtype partner site not only allowed formation of the HJ intermediate but also increased the rate of recombinant formation the second strand exchange appears to be homologydependent intn is the only tyrosine recombinase known to catalyze a reaction that is more efficient in the presence of mismatches and where the first strand exchange is homologyindependent the possible mechanisms by which the mismatches stimulate recombination are discussed | MEDAL |
after stimulation with salmonella typhimurium endotoxin the intercellular adhesion molecule icam was studied on the corneal EC and associated WBCs in rats using immunoscanning electron microscopy two hundred micrograms of the endotoxin was injected in lewis rats the corneae were excised at h and hpostinjection time n respectively the corneae were prepared in hypothermic university of wisconsin uw solution for immunoscanning electron microscopy histotopographical examination visualized icam antigen on cytoplasmic processes of the corneal EC arranged along microfolds especially at the peaks in the WBCs icam was located primarily in morphologically nonspecialized domains of the cell BS and only rarely scattered on the surface of microvillar projections we concluded that the endotoxin stimulation can increase icam in both corneal EC and associated leukocytes increased icam may be an important factor for the leukocytes to form clustering and adhering to the corneal EC | MEDAL |
hepatocellular carcinoma hcc is the most common primary RT of the CL it mostly occurs in older age groups usually those to years old and rarely in young adults the survival rate of these young hcc patients is usually very low the authors report a case of a year old man with diffusetype hcc who successfully achieved pCR for months after second transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using PGS particles eric kang pharmaceutical technology co ltd hangzhou china combined with pirarubicin | MEDAL |
the surgical insertion of ventilation tubes vts for the management of persistent BL otitis media with effusion ome in children remains a contentious issue due to the varying opinions regarding the risks and benefits of this procedure the aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of vts IS for the management of persistent BL ome in children providing an additional perspective on the management of one of the commonest medical conditions of childhood | MEDAL |
a simple rapid specific and reliable uflc coupled with esimsms assay method to simultaneously quantify sildenafil and ndesmethyl sildenafil with loperamide as internal standard was developed chromatographic separation was performed on a thermo scientific accucore c column with an isocratic mobile phase composed of vv formic acid in purified watermethanol vv at a flow rate of mlmin sildenafil ndesmethyl sildenafil and loperamide were detected with proton adducts at mz and in multiple reaction monitoring positive mode respectively both analytes and internal standard were extracted by diethyl ether the method was validated over a linear concentration range of ngml for sildenafil and ngml for ndesmethyl sildenafil with correlation coefficient r ⥠for sildenafil and r ⥠for ndesmethyl sildenafil the method was precise accurate and SD the proposed method was applied to T0 the bioequivalence between a mg dose of two pharmaceutical products viagra original and edyfil generic products auct cmax and tmax were ng hml ngml and h for viagra and ng hml ngml and hour for edyfil the confidence interval of these parameters of this study fall within the regulatory range of hence they are considered as bioequivalent | MEDAL |
ablation studies are used to elucidate cell lineage relationships developmental roles for specific cells during embryogenesis and mechanisms of tissue regeneration previous chemical and genetic approaches to directed cell ablation have been hampered by poor specificity limited efficacy irreversibility hypersensitivity to promoter leakiness restriction to proliferating cells slow inducibility or complex genetics here we provide a stepbystep protocol for a hybrid chemicalgenetic cell ablation method in zebrafish that by combining spatial and temporal control is celltype specific inducible reversible rapid and scaleable bacterial nitroreductase ntr is used to catalyze the reduction of the innocuous prodrug metrodinazole mtz thereby producing a cytotoxic product that induces cell death based on this principle ntr is expressed in transgenic zebrafish using a tissuespecific promoter subsequent SE to mtz by adding it to the media induces cell death exclusively within ntr cells this approach can be applied to regeneration studies as removing mtz by washing permits tissue REC using this protocol cell ablation can be achieved in h depending on the transgenic line used and REC initiates within the following h | MEDAL |
macular edema is the swelling of the central portion of the human retina and it is associated with increased retinal thickness it can be simply defined as an excess of fluid within the retinal tissue it must be realized that the normal retina possesses a functional extracellular space with regard to the extracellular volume of the retina there have been few physiologic studies but there are reported values of for the cerebrum and for the cerebellum it is accepted that the retinal extracellular space is similar to the BB it is generally agreed that the proximate cause of ME and retinal fluid accumulation is a breakdown of the bloodretinal barrier brb when there is a breakdown of the brb retinal edema can be interpreted in terms of basic principles of capillary filtration starlings law therefore the main AF influencing retinal edema formation are brb permeability capillary hydrostatic pressure tissue hydrostatic pressure tissue OP and plasma OP AS transport by the RPE is necessary to remove water that percolates through the retina from intraocular pressure and is also as a safety mechanism against FA in disease clinical evaluation of the brb and retinal edema can be performed noninvasively by using an octbased method designated octleakage which is capable of identifying and quantifying CS of alteration of the brb and by mapping sites of low optical reflectivity ie changes in the retinal extracellular fluid | MEDAL |
the effects of rf PP parameters on magnetization transfer contrast mtc were investigated using a magnetization prepared segmented fast gradient echo sequence mtc was found not to be uniquely determined by the specific Ka sar rf pulse parameters rf amplitude number of rf pulses and rf duration also affect mtc there can be variation in mtc due to differences in rf parameters at sar wkg for a kg subject increasing the number of rf pulses is a more efficient way to increase mtc than increasing rf amplitude this phenomenon is likely caused by the fact that the time scale for MT between the free and restricted proton pools is on the same order or longer than the duration of the mt pulse accordingly increase in the mt pulse duration by increasing the number of rf pulses in the mt pulse allows more ERP MT such information can be used as a guide to select rf pulse parameters for a MT mt pulse an offresonance mt PP designed under this guide for coronary mr angiography improved the depiction of distal vessels | MEDAL |
patients with allergic asthma have higher levels of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness than patients with AR the aim of the T0 was to investigate whether this is caused by differences in the degree of allergy to inhalant allergens between asthmatics and rhinitics therefore bronchial responsiveness to histamine was measured in allergic patients with isolated upper airways symptoms nonspecific bronchial responsiveness in this group was compared with nonspecific bronchial responsiveness in a group of patients with AA with allergy and predicted fev as confounding variables in addition a matched pair analysis was performed twentyfive patients with nonallergic rhinitis served as controls to evaluate the influence of an igeindependent inflammatory reaction in the upper RT on the level of bronchial responsiveness furthermore we investigated the level of nonspecific responsiveness in healthy controls in the patients with allergic asthma a rho was found between nonspecific bronchial responsiveness and ige against indoor allergens n r p and predicted fev n r p patients with allergic asthma and patients with allergic rhinitis differed with respect to the level of bronchial responsiveness p and the amount of TPS RAST against indoor allergens p the difference in level of bronchial responsiveness remained p after correction with predicted fev and TPS ige against indoor allergens as confounding variables similarly after matching of patients with allergic rhinitis n with patients with allergic asthma n regarding the specific ige total ige and age of the patients the difference in level of bronchial responsiveness remained p patients with nonallergic rhinitis had higher levels of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness than HCs and did not differ from patients with AR in conclusion the results confirm that ige against common indoor allergens plays an important role in the mechanism underlying nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness however differences in bronchial responsiveness between patients with asthma and patients with rhinitis are not merely explained by differences in the ige antibody concentrations | MEDAL |
PCS and mental stressors result in increased inflammation markers in populations free of coronary artery disease cad however inflammatory responses to mental and exercise challenges have not been established in patients with cad this T0 investigated the responses of inflammatory markers including creactive protein crp interleukin il and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule in patients with cad T3 successful elective percutaneous coronary intervention n years of age women and HCs without a PH of cad n years of age women increases in inflammatory markers were examined in response to mental challenge tasks anger recall and mental arithmetic and TM exercise stress echocardiography was used to rule out stressinduced ischemia as a possible confounding factor results showed that crp increased significantly to mental challenge and exercise p values and crp responses were higher in patients with cad than in controls change in mental arithmetic vs mgl p NC in exercise vs mgl p increased norepinephrine responses were related to larger crp and il increases to mental challenge tasks p values exercise elicited increased crp il and soluble ICAM-1 C2 p values and these responses were larger than with mental challenge tasks p values in conclusion mental AS and exercise induce increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cad these stressinduced increases are larger than in HS occur in the absence of MI and are related to the neurohormonal AS response | MEDAL |
kashinbeck disease kbd is an endemic chronic osteochondral disease characterized by high prevalence disability and morbidity and is distributed from the northeast to the southwest in china in some regions of eastern siberia in russia and in north korea although the Se deficiency etiological hypothesis for kbd has been proposed by scientists for decades the idea that selenium deficiency is one of the most important environmental AF but not the primary and sole pathogenic factor for kbd has been widely accepted zn | MEDAL |
ethanol production for use as a biofuel is mainly achieved through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by yeast operating at â¥Â°c would be beneficial in terms of increasing efficiency of the process and reducing costs but yeast does not grow efficiently at those temperatures we used adaptive laboratory evolution to select yeast strains with improved growth and ethanol production at â¥Â°c sequencing of the whole genome genomewide mRNA and metabolicflux analyses revealed a change in sterol composition from ergosterol to fecosterol caused by mutations in the c sterol desaturase gene and increased expression of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis additionally C1 chromosome iii rearrangements and mutations in genes associated with dna damage and respiration were found but contributed less to the thermotolerant phenotype | MEDAL |
expansion of our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has enabled us to apply molecular techniques to categorize malignancies into more uniform informative groups in this review we describe the basic molecular techniques used for this purpose including southern blotting PCR reaction pcr and QPCR fluorescence in situ hybridization dna microarrays and proteomics the main applications of these techniques in the modern management of acute one chronic myeloid leukemia lymphomas and breast cancer are summarized | MEDAL |
we have previously described the ON of a latch state in the swine carotid media after k depolarization this state was characterized by maintained AS T3 a decrease in shortening E/A and in the level of crossbridge phosphorylation the present experiments were designed to determine whether there were changes in other mechanical properties in swine carotid media associated with the ON of the latch state medial strips less than microm thick incubated in physiological salt solution pss at degrees c at their optimal length lo were subjected to ramp stretches mms of lo the active AS sa response to stretch was computed by subtraction of the passive PE contribution as determined from MZ stretches after min incubation in cafree pss from the total response in the G1 muscle EMT in the total and active AS responses to stretch were observed in strips stimulated with mm k for min or longer and were interpreted as yielding of the contractile apparatus active dynamic stiffness dsdlo calculated from the initial lo portion of the stretch response correlated linearly with active stress over a wide range maximal AS and dynamic stiffness were reached by min and were maintained for at least min in kdepolarized S9 however yield AS increased significantly between and min and there was a large increase in the length at which yield was observed to lo n these increases were maintained between and minabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
as the incidence of breastconserving therapy in women of childbearing years increases patient concerns regarding subsequent pregnancies and lactation have become more prevalent there is a paucity of data regarding lactation outcomes in women who have undergone breastconserving therapy and then sustained FT pregnancies our objective was to evaluate lactation outcomes in patients with earlystage breast cancer treated with breastconserving therapy | MEDAL |
dopamine agonists have neuroprotective properties in addition to their original pharmacologic CF we examined the effects of pergolide mesilate pm on the levels of metallothionein mrna expression and lipid peroxidation in the corpus striata of methyl phenyl tetrahydropyridine mptpinduced PD mice mice were administered normal saline vehicle as a control pm or mptp a consecutive d administration of mptp via a gastric tube at a dose of mgkg significantly decreased metallothionein mti mrna expression but did not influence mtiii mrna expression lipid peroxidation measured as the production of MDA reactive substances did not increase after mptp treatment although pm administration CT did not effect mti expression an additional consecutive d administration of pm mugkg following mptp treatment recovered the decreased mti level and increased mtiii expression lipid peroxidation was significantly suppressed these results suggest that pm exerts an antioxidative property through the induction of mti and mtiii mrnas simultaneously in response to cellular andor tissue injury | MEDAL |
the time course of SU and wv sham feeding was monitored in one hour tests NI levels increased as a CF of concentration naloxone mgkg ip attenuated the SF of SU solution in gastric fistulated rats without affecting initial intake rates furthermore T3 naloxone the intake pattern of SU was MZ to that for SU in UT rats in a second test substitution of sucrose by a solution T3 min of sham feeding reversed the effect of naloxone restoring NI to baseline levels thus naloxones effect appeared to be behaviourally equivalent to that of SU dilution and was counteracted by increasing SU concentration naloxone was apparently more effective against the lower sucrose concentration suppressing intake at an earlier stage of testing the data confirm the importance of oropharyngeal stimulation to the suppressive action of naloxone and support opioid mediation of orosensory reward | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to develop a sustained PR device containing metronidazole for insertion within periodontal pockets and to examine the PR kinetics in vitro and in vivo cast films of EC with or without PE glycol containing metronidazole were prepared and exhibited sustained PR release rate of metronidazole from the film was measured by means of a uv spectrophotometer and kinetics of release in vitro was found to conform to higuchis diffusional MM the microbiological results proved that embedding metronidazole in ethyl cellulose film does not inhibit the biological activity the release kinetics in vivo correlated with in vitro results exhibiting a sustained PR of metronidazole over a period of three days from metronidazole with polyethylene glycol or metronidazole in EC chloroform cast this study demonstrates that by embedding metronidazole in ethyl cellulose it is possible to obtain sustained release of the drug within the periodontal pocket for three days | MEDAL |
the melanization response of adult male and female aedes trivittatus and the blackeyed liverpool strain of aedes aegypti against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae mff was assessed at and days postinoculation pi the melanization reaction of males is significantly less effective than the response elicited by female mosquitoes no mff in male a aegypti and only of mff recovered from a TVT were fully melanized by day pi compared with and complete melanization of recovered mff from a aegypti and a trivittatus females respectively a significantly greater percentage of mff retained their viability in males and inoculation of heatkilled mff did not significantly increase the melanization response as compared with female mosquitoes males have significantly lower total hemocyte populations and hemolymph volumes than females and the possible relationship of hemocyte numbers and reduced melanization capabilities in males is discussed | MEDAL |
overheating may cause terminal apnoea and cot death rectal temperature and PLB patterns were examined in normal infants at home during the first months of life twenty one infants had continuous overnight rectal temperature and breathing recordings for nights mean nights range spaced over the first six months of life periods when PLB was regular were directly marked on single night records sleep state was determined from respiratory variables regular breathing was a reliable marker of QS sleep specificity the duration of QS sleep increased from to T2 from two weeks to three months of age and then remained static as did the proportion of sleep spent in the QS phase to rectal temperature fell during of quiet sleep and usually rose during rapid eye movement rem sleep the drop in rectal temperature was maximal at the start of quiet sleep whereas the maximum rise during rem sleep was reached after to minutes oscillations in rectal temperature are associated with changes in sleep and PLB state the maturation of rectal temperature patterns during the first six months of life are closely related to a maturation of sleep state and breathing patterns | MEDAL |
the authors describe their yearlong collaboration to analyze and integrate the elements of womens health into their medical schools core curriculum in IM for the thirdyear clerkship such a process was necessary because the current curriculum was inadequate in its treatment of womens health eg little or no coverage of issues pertaining to women in teaching about certain disorders lack of female subjects in many research studies T0 designs using standards derived from manifestations of diseases in men the crossdiscipline aspects of womens health the authors illustrate the new curriculum by discussing the revised module in pulmonary medicine they detail the steps they took to uncover problems and omissions in the existing curriculum and in the literature on the topic and how they remedied these for example in a case involving a man with pulmonary embolus one of the new questions for students is what questions would you ask if this patient were a woman they comment on the challenges they faced in revising the curriculum including lack of protected time lack of sufficient data about womens health inherent sex and gender bias in the literature and educational materials need to make students aware of the importance of sex and gender considerations in patient care and the ingrained bias of faculty including the authors their process can be adapted and used to integrate curricula in other emerging interdisciplinary fields such as crosscultural medicine and gay and lesbian health the authors conclude that collaboration between students and faculty as illustrated in their own efforts is one way to ensure that future practitioners are optimally trained to treat patients in the everchanging field of medicine | MEDAL |
the structureactivity relationship of sugars inducing secretion of glucagonlike peptide from the gut was examined using intestinal loops prepared from the terminal portion of the ileum of dogs the plasma glucagonlike peptide concentration in a mesenteric vein draining only the looped region of the intestine was increased T3 infusion of mmoll solutions of dglucose dgalactose GlcA methyldglucose maltose sucrose or maltitol into the intestinal lumen but not after infusion of solutions of dfructose dfucose dmannose dxylose or lactose the increases in plasma glucagonlike peptide concentration correlated with the corresponding increases in glucagonlike immunoreactivity induced by these sugars the PG level of the regional mesenteric vein increased significantly from the basal level T3 instillation of dglucose but not T3 instillation of other sugars it is suggested that cells of the gut have a glucose sensor for release of products of the glucagon gene and that this sensor has specific steric requirements the sugars that induced glucagonlike peptide release share the molecular features of electron density near c an equatorial hydroxyl at c and an axial hydroxyl at c which could account for their recognition by the glucose sensor to initiate the releases of glucagonlike peptide and glucagonlike immunoreactivity | MEDAL |
twentythree children aged to years with postoperative pain were randomly assigned to receive a fixed mg dose mgkg of naproxen as either a liquid suspension or tablet T3 an overnight fast the SS concentrations were measured before and at and hours T3 administration of naproxen the concentration versus time data were best fit to a onecompartment open MM the area under the concentration versus time curve apparent volume of distribution vdssf and elimination parameters clf ke elimination halflife were similar in children who received suspension or tablets although the apparent maximum PPC cmax was greater in children who received tablets compared with those who received the suspension cmaxarea under the curve auc apparent time to maximum peak concentration tmax ka and estimated time to and absorption t t t were not different the dose range was relatively narrow hence direct relationships between dose and elimination parameters vdssf apparent tmax ka t t or t were not observed neither vdssf or clf were age related over the relatively narrow range of ages that were studied beta of naproxen in our patients was more rapid than has previously been reported in children or adults however from a practical standpoint NAP tablets and suspension seem to be bioequivalent in fasting children ages to years | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of resistance exercise re designed for hypertrophy or local muscle endurance lme on cd and cd t cell apoptosis and migration UT subjects age ± years body mass ± kg body mass index ± kgm women n and men n completed re sessions sets of exercises designed for hypertrophy at repetitions maximum rm and lme at of rm with min restintervals between sets and exercises the investigated lymphocytes were cd cdcdra cd and cdcdra with cell surface markers AV and cxcr analyzed by flow cytometry percentage of cd positive for annexin v were higher immediately following and h after the hypertrophy protocol as compared with lme while cd positive for cxcr were higher immediately T3 and lower at the h time point T3 lme as compared with the hypertrophy session cd lymphocytes responded similarly to the hypertrophy and lme protocols with elevations in both cellular migration and cell death immediately following and h T3 the bouts p⤠considering that the acute response of cd lymphocytes to re is protocoldependent a gradual adaptation to a hypertrophy program could minimize the effect on cd lymphocytes and reduce the potential susceptibility to antigens during this timeframe this would also be interesting for a re program designed for lme based on the observed cd lymphocyte response | MEDAL |
in upper urinary tract infections tubular epithelial cells tec may play a pivotal role in the initiation of the renal inflammatory response they exert crucial immunological functions such as processing and presentation of foreign antigen secretion of Th1 cytokines interleukin il and tumor rTNF and chemokines il mcp ena and rantes since monolayer cultures are a limited MM for polarized tubular epithelial cells we studied the sidedependent il secretion of tec by using CC inserts as a basement membrane imitation primary cultures of proximal tec were stimulated with differently fimbriated mutants of escherichia coli e coli lps sfimbria isolates and ilalpha il protein was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent CA and illike biological activity was tested by measuring elastase release from polymorphonuclear cells in S9 of the upper and lower compartments il mrna was compared by competitive pcr il secretion by tec into the basolateral environment was significantly higher than secretion into the apical compartment representing the tubular lumen however stimulation of il secretion by tec was restricted to ilalpha and was not inducible by e coli mutants s fimbriae or lipopolysaccharide with this in vitro model of polarized tec we show that luminal contact of tec with uropathogenic e coli does not result in enhanced il secretion the basolaterally directed production of the neutrophil chemotactic factor il by tec after stimulation with ilalpha might play an important role in the initiation of inflammatory cell influx into the renal parenchyma | MEDAL |
neck dissection remains the standard method of treating C2 metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in CS of recent trends to modify the classic radical ND rnd for early neck disease we reviewed our experience with radical and modified rnd mrnd plus radiotherapy as treatment for nn neck disease in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | MEDAL |
hip pain in young adults years old often is characterized by nonspecific PS normal imaging studies and vague findings from the history and physical examination in younger patients pain is more likely to be caused by congenital hip dysplasia athletic injuries trauma spondyloarthropathy and by conditions that first appear during this stage of life such as rheum TT exerted a protective effect on the OD of ischaemic cerebrovascular events or ci while this effect was no longer present in HL patients short gt repeats in the ho gene promoter confer a reduced risk for cerebrovascular events in individuals with normal plasma lipid C2 this may explain controversial findings in different populations | MEDAL |
to study the cellular mechanisms of arrhythmias occurring in CH we performed standard microelectrode studies on PTC muscles isolated from control group n and hypertrophied ferrets RA ventricles different stages of hypertrophy induced by pulmonary banding were studied days group h weeks h and months h during the development of hypertrophy under betaadrenergic stimulation triggered activity ta induced by delayed afterdepolarizations appeared in of muscles in group h and of in group h this arrhythmia was absent in n muscles as well as in h despite a pronounced prolongation of the action potentials at msec in group h vs msec in h p less than and of repolarization in h vs msec in h p less than the presence of ta was associated with an increase in the intracellular calcium activity nm in h vs nm in n p less than ta properties were as follows triggering frequency increased as betaadrenergic stimulation increased as PCL pcl decreased and as duration of the prestimulative pause increased the duration of salvos of ta increased as duration of the prestimulative pauses increased ns the coupling interval of the first triggered beat decreased as pcl decreased p less than the minimal cycle length of salvos of ta was not modified by these parameters it is concluded that delayed afterdepolarizationsinduced ta may occur under betaadrenergic stimulation during the first stages of ventricular hypertrophyabstract trumodel the Mw of poisson doubleprobability plots turns out to be much closer to unity than is predicted by the gaussian approximation | MEDAL |
vectorcardiogram vcg recorded by both the frank and kimura systems were examined in patients with complete RA BBB rbbb and left axis deviation lad to investigate the relationship seen on electrocardiogram ecg between rbbb with lad and bilateral bundle the sample included cases of type si sii siii savf cases of type si sii siii avf and cases of types si sii siii vcg recorded by the frank system were classified into seven types according to the qrs loop pattern on the FC plane and into three types according to the horizontal plane the main findings were a in the frank system the qrs loop in the FC plane showed a variety of patterns in rbbb with lad b on vcg of CR rbbb judged complicated by a left anterior hemiblock by the frank system the main portion of the qrs loop extended to the left superior or merely to the left in the frontal plane the direction of rotation and position on the horizontal plane were not consistent c the results of this T0 suggest the usefulness of the kimura system as an auxiliary diagnostic technique | MEDAL |
nndimethylaminonmethylstilbazolium toyslate dast and diethanolamine dea added dast crystals are grown by slow cooling method the corresponding powder samples are examined by characterization studies such as xrd ftir ftraman uvvisnir and photoluminescence studies from the powder xray diffraction their lattice parameter values are found out since the vibrational spectra of the molecules are considerably contributed to their linear and nonlinear optical effects infrared and raman spectroscopic studies are carried out for the samples the uvvisnir absorption spectra of the samples are used to find the nature of EMT occurred in the samples using the DFT highest occupied molecular orbital homo and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lumo analyses are done in order to explain the transition and density of states dos the first order hyperpolarizability is calculated by hf and blyp gdp basis sets for the dast molecule from the photoluminescence pl spectral studies the strong excitation emissions are observed | MEDAL |
OM the diagnosis most frequently made by the pediatrician is most effectively treated with antimicrobial therapy amoxicillin or ampicillin has been the standard for infants and children with acute otitis media because it is safe and effective for most of the causative bacterial pathogens amoxicillin has also been shown to be effective for treatment of some children with OM with effusion secretory otitis media and is the recommended prophylactic antimicrobial agent for prevention of frequently recurrent AOM however during the past decade there has been an increasing rate of bacteria that are resistant to amoxicillin primarily betalactamaseproducing haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis because of the emergence of these bacteria other antimicrobial agents both old and nr pma alone or pmacrf combinations indicating that their mechanisms of action may be similar to that of pma these results indicate that in addition to the established campdependent mechanism stimulation of acth PR in normal pituitary cells may be elicited by activation of protein kinase c the evidence also suggests that protein kinase c is involved during stimulation of acth release by the campindependent regulators vp and aii and in the synergistic effects of vp and aii with crf on the corticotroph | MEDAL |
acromegaly is characterized by a hypersecretion of growth hormone and is frequently associated with valvular abnormality and arrhythmia the increased morbidity and mortality is primarily caused by stroke and cardiovascular disease therefore valve reconstruction and sinus rhythm REC will be particularly beneficial we report herein the successful surgical treatment of two patients with combined valvular insufficiency and chronic atrial fibrillation in the setting of acromegaly | MEDAL |
our previous studies showed that the ectopic discharges in injured sensory neurons and mechanical allodynia that developed T3 spinal nerve ligation were significantly reduced by application of a low concentration of tetrodotoxin ttx to the corresponding DRG drg of the ligated spinal nerve based on these data we hypothesized that expression of ttxsensitive sodium channels is upregulated in the injured SNs and that such upregulation plays an important role in the generation of ectopic discharges and thus pain behaviors in spinal nerve ligated neuropathic rats to test this hypothesis the present study examined the changes in three subtypes of ttxsensitive sodium channels in the drg after spinal nerve ligation the changes in the total amount of mrna for alphasubunits of sodium channel brain type i type i BB type ii type ii and BB type iii type iii were determined by rnase protection assays rpa the population of drg neurons expressing type iii sodium channel protein was examined by an immunohistochemical method with antibodies to type iii sodium channels in the normal drg the level of mrna for the type i sodium channel is high while that for type ii and type iii is very low after spinal nerve ligation the expression of type iii mrna was significantly increased at h postoperatively po doubled by days po and then was maintained at this high level until the end of the experiment days po by contrast the amount of mrna for type i and type ii sodium channels started to decrease at day po and were reduced to of the normal control levels by days after nerve ligation SN showing positive immunostaining for type iii sodium channels were rare approximately of total population in the normal drg but increased after nerve ligation to and of the total neuronal population by day and days po respectively type iii immunoreactivity was found preferentially in medium to large sized neurons thus the majority of neurons with cell HB having diameters or microm became type iiipositive after nerve ligation the data indicate that the increased expression of type iii sodium channels in axotomized sensory neurons may be the critical factor for the ttx sensitivity of ectopic discharges in injured sensory neurons and thus the generation of ectopic discharges and NP behaviors in spinal nerve ligated rats | MEDAL |
lysozyme is a L1 sec product of human and rodent macrophages and a useful marker for myelomonocytic cells based on the known HL CAA CS oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as probes to screen a PMA acetatetreated u cdna library a FL HL cdna clone phl was obtained and characterized CS analysis shows that human lysozyme like chicken lysozyme has an aminoacidlong signal peptide but unlike the chicken lysozyme cdna the human lysozyme cdna has a greater than kilobaselong nontranslated CS interestingly within this region an inverted repeat of the alu family of repetitive sequences was discovered in rna blot analyses dna probes prepared from phl can be used to detect lysozyme mrna not only from human but also from mouse and rat moreover by in situ hybridization cDNA rna transcripts have been used as probes to detect lysozyme mrna in mouse macrophages and paneth cells this HL cdna clone is therefore likely to be a useful molecular probe for studying macrophage CSD and mRNA | MEDAL |
the identification of ige and the OD of the radioallergosorbent test was the initiation of a revolution in the allergy research field measurement of allergen specific RAST is today an integral part of the clinical investigation of patients with suspected allergic disease however in addition to a being a routine test for the clinical laboratory phadebas rast has served as the MM for a number of modified procedures and as the basis for a wide range of applications the aim of this presentation is to review and communicate the experience for the benefit of researchers and clinicians working in the field of allergy | MEDAL |
a number of reports have indicated that mature blood PMNL produce regulators that inhibit proliferation of progenitor cells in the bone marrow however this concept of negative FB of granulopoiesis is still controversial to examine whether conflicting results may depend upon the exp setup we have compared colony formation by human bone marrow cells in different growth media unmodified mccoys medium which in feeder layer cultures supports the formation of large numbers of colonies was a poor GM in cultures supplied with crude or recombinant colony stimulating factor csf the colony formation improved when the medium was supplemented with defined additives in cmrl cultures granulocyte extract gre consistently caused a strong inhibition of colony formation in contrast with unmodified mccoys medium granulocyte extract enhanced colony formation in a dosedependent manner the enhancing effect of granulocyte extract coincided with low colony numbers in the control cultures the stimulatory effect of granulocyte extract in mccoys medium switched to strong inhibition when thymidine a component of cmrl medium was added the inhibitory and stimulatory activities were found in the same molecular weight fractions kd T3 GF both modulators in granulocyte extract appeared to be independent of monocytes and t lymphocytes in the bone marrow as shown by removal of these cells with magnetic microspheres coated with specific monoclonal antibodies the present work shows that regulation of cell proliferation in vitro depends strongly on SC conditions such as choipth lost was measured using a reflex microscope a gravimetric method of wear measurement was used as a control when the results of both methods were compared it was found that the mean difference in depth of wear measured between the two methods was microns the reflex microscope appears to be ideally suited to making objective comparisons between the wear characteristics of composite resins | MEDAL |
plateletactivating factor paf is an endogenous phospholipid which may be an important mediator of shock and inflammation recent evidence suggests that paf plays a role in the development of ICM colitis and inflammatory bowel disease its effects are mediated by second messengers including the AA metabolites using an ex vivo isolated left colon rb perfusion model our aims were to determine whether exogenously po trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid tnb which produces experimental colitis stimulates both paf and eicosanoid PR in the colon and if so whether this effect can be blocked by a paf antagonist colonic inflammation was induced by the intracolonic administration of ml of ethanol containing mg of tnb tissue and perfusate concentrations of the eicosanoids prostaglandin e pge ketoprostaglandin f alpha ketopgf alpha and thromboxane b txb leukotriene b ltb and the autocoid paf were measured by elisa during tnb infusion there was a significant increase in tissue C2 of paf compared to control colons additional studies performed pretreating the colons with the paf receptor antagonist web prior to tnb infusion blocked paf PR tnb stimulated PR of luminal eicosanoids except ltb and suppressed release of tissue prostanoids pretreatment with web prior to tnb inhibited luminal eicosanoids and inhibited pge and prostacyclin but not tx tissue suppression inhibition of tnbstimulated paf release by web suggests that paf may play a role in tnbinduced colitis and this phenomenon may mediate tissue injury | MEDAL |
CC and lymphocytic colitis are the two L1 conditions characterized by chronic watery diarrhoea without endoscopic or radiological lesions but with histological abnormalities and therefore considered as microscopic colitis the histology of colonic biopsies shows inflammation of the mucosa and either thickening of the subepithelial collagen band or an increase of lymphocytes in the surface epithelium different variant forms have been reported under separate names these are probably not specific entities the incidence of MC is slightly less than the incidence of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases ibd microscopic colitis and ibd are clearly different entities the relation between both entities is weak but double biopsy samples from patients with ibd may mimic the features of lymphocytic or collagenous colitis both in the initial onset and during followup in the C1 majority of these cases endoscopy shows or has shown mucosal lesions in rare cases however a double diagnosis was made certain patients usually of older age presented first with a microscopic usually CC and developed subsequently genuine ulcerative colitis | MEDAL |
background and aim fluorinefluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography fdgpet is well recognized as a powerful diagnostic tool in the initial staging of patients with multiple myeloma mm the aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review about the usefulness of fdgpet or petct in evaluating the response to treatment in patients with mm methods the scientific literature about the role of fdgpet or petct in evaluating the response to treatment in patients affected by mm was systematically reviewed results ten studies about the role of fdgpet or petct in evaluating treatment response in mm were retrieved and discussed conclusions fdgpet or petct seems to be helpful in assessing the response to treatment in patients with mm and in the DUE of possible sites of recurrent or progressive disease | MEDAL |
pikcα is a broadly expressed lipid kinase with critical functions during embryonic OD but poorly defined roles in AD physiology here we utilize multiple mouse genetic models to uncover a role for pikcα in regulating the internal membrane reserve structure of megakaryocytes demarcation membrane system and platelets open canalicular system that results in dysregulated PLT adhesion under haemodynamic shear stress structural alterations in the platelet internal membrane lead to enhanced membrane tether formation that is associated with accelerated yet highly unstable thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo notably agonistinduced phosphorylated phosphoinositide production and cellular activation are normal in pikcαdeficient platelets these findings demonstrate an important role for pikcα in regulating sheardependent PLT adhesion via regulation of membrane structure rather than acute signalling these studies provide a link between the OCS and PLT adhesive function that has relevance to the primary haemostatic and prothrombotic function of platelets | MEDAL |
multiple different approaches are being used to activate the IS against breast CA vaccine therapy in GA follows the principle that injections of various substances ultimately result in the presentation of RT MMP to the patients immune system we proposed a potential in silico dna vaccine against breast CA by integrating high affinity t cell mhci and mhcii and b cell continuous and discontinuous epitopes the matching of the hla haplotype and antigen was performed to provide the appropriate peptide epitope suitable for majority of the patients the immunogenic nature of the antigenic construct was also enhanced by the administration of consensus epitopes the potency of dna vaccines depends on the efficient expression and presentation of the encoded antigen of interest and the chances of efficient expression of our antigenic construct in host organism was also verified by in silico approaches an attempt was made to overcome the limited potency of the dna vaccine by targeting dna to professional antigenpresenting cells apcs a higher immune response theoretically corresponds to a higher survival rate of patients therefore optimization studies were also employed to enhance the immunogenicity of proposed in silico dna vaccine | MEDAL |
in order to investigate R2 in carcass quality traits during a fouryear period mature hereford cows were mated to sires from seven breeds jersey wagyu angus HH south devon limousin and belgian blue resulting in calves carcass production traits carcass weight hcwt fat depth p eye muscle area ema IMF imf were obtained from these cattle that constitute the australias southern crossbreeding project data were analysed using multivariate sire MM containing fixed effects of sex sire breed slaughter age nested within sexes random effects were sire dam management locationyearpostweaning groups and environmental effects hcwt of south devon belgian blue limousin and unexpectedly angus were the heaviest on the average hereford calves were intermediate and jersey and wagyu were lighter on the average than others carcasses of the belgian blue and limousin had low p and imf carcasses of hereford and south devon were intermediate and angus jersey and wagyu had high p and imf management group effects were greatest especially for ema and imf the sire variation was about and of total R2 for hcwt p ema and imf heritability ranged from to carcass weight the genetic rho between the two fat depots was not as high as expected results from this study suggest that strategies to increase genetic potential for hcwt would increase the genetic potential for ema but may reduce marbling and tend to slightly increase p all phenotypic correlations were positive although not C1 | MEDAL |
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