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malignant melanoma may arise de novo as well as in association with preexisting dysplastic nevi the latter serve as markers since people who have them are at a higher risk for the OD of malignant melanoma than is the GP patients with the syndrome should be examined carefully including the scalp and eyes every three to six months suspicious nevi should be photographed and biopsied and a family PH taken excision of DN may be indicated in patients with a positive family history for malignant melanoma due to the high risk of developing a cutaneous melanoma we need to educate patients regarding the need for continued followup selfexamination and avoidance of sun SE | MEDAL |
many authors have discussed the best indication and extension of ND but few have studied the surgical approach considering the continuity of neck dissection with the primary tumour this retrospective study refers to patients submitted to L1 surgery between and for floor of mouth and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma at the head and neck surgery department of the hospital ac camargo são paulo brazil and of the european institute of oncology milan italy patients were assigned to one of three groups group i incontinuity resection group discontinuous resection and group delayed discontinuous resection overall patients were studied there were no differences in diseasefree survival between the neck dissection groups furthermore no statistical differences were found in disease specific survival between the CG discontinuous ND seems not to change the diseasefree survival or diseasespecific survival when compared to incontinuity ND in this retrospective study a prospective randomized trial is necessary to confirm these results | MEDAL |
the outbreak of carbapenemresistant klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious public health problem especially in the neonatal intensive care unit nicufifteen k pneumoniae strains were isolated from neonates during june to in an nicu antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the vitek system and microbroth dilution method multilocus CS typing mlst and pulsedfield gel PACE pfge were used to analyze the genetic relatedness of the isolates wholegenome sequencing and gene CF analysis were performed to investigate pathogenicity and drug resistance and screen genomic islandsthree clones of k pneumoniae were identified from neonates strains of st of novel st and of st gene sequencing showed that the kpn st strain harbored resistance genes oxa tem shv aac iid aac iia aac ibcr catb arr sul oqxb oqxa crp and catb and included genomic islands and reduced virulence genes the kpn st strain harbored antibioticresistant genes tem ctxm vgac and crp and included genomic islands and reduced virulence genes mlst and pfge showed that strains of k pneumoniae were divided into groups with a high level of homology st kpn was isolated on june which was days after the last isolate kpn june thus we speculated that st was not the clone that caused the outbreakthis cooutbreak of k pneumoniae involved clones st and st st carried the multidrugresison of chemicals from freshly harvested green tobacco leaves signs and PS include nausea vomiting headache and abdominal cramps prevalence has shifted from the united states and europe to china india and brazil worldwide million individuals are afflicted including women and children areas covered mecamylamine inversine® vecamyl® a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nachr antagonist should be tested as a remedy for green tobacco sickness mecamylamine is approved as an oral tablet for the treatment of hypertension is safe and is offpatent mecamylamine attenuates many of the effects of NIC and tobacco including seizures thereby supporting its use as an effective pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence varenicline chantix® and cytisine tabex® are low efficacy ie intrinsic activity nachr agonists are used as smoking cessation aids and are viable options to test as remedies against green tobacco sickness nicotine immunization strategies may provide further options for future testing expert commentary efforts to demonstrate reversal andor prevention of GTS by mecamylamine will underscore the importance of nicotine in this illness and highlight a new medication for ERP treatment of tobacco poisoning | MEDAL |
we have described the distribution of neuropeptide ylike immunoreactive neurons in the medulla oblongata of the adult human the majority of NPY ylike immunoreactive cells were found in four regions of the medulla the VL reticular formation the dorsomedial medulla the AA sensory nuclei and the rostral raphe nuclei the morphology of NPY-LI cells varied in each of these regions in the VL reticular formation the labelled neurons were round and pigmented caudal to the obex but elongated and nonpigmented rostral to the obex in the DM they were triangular and pigmented caudal to but not rostral to the obex in the secondary sensory nuclei they were multipolar nonpigmented and significantly smaller than in the other Az in the rostral raphe nuclei they were bipolar and nonpigmented colocalization studies revealed that many NPY-LI cells also synthesize monoamines consistent with conclusions based on a quantitative comparison of their distributions neuropeptide ylike immunoreactivity was present in about of presumed noradrenalinesynthesizing cells in the caudal VL medulla corresponding to the a region about of adrenaline and of presumed serotoninsynthesizing cells in the rostral VL medulla c and b regions of presumed noradrenalinesynthesizing cells in the dorsomedial medulla at and above the obex a region about of adrenalinesynthesizing cells in the rostral DM c region about of presumed serotoninsynthesizing cells in the rostral raphe nuclei b region the largest of these groups was the presumed serotoninsynthesizing cells that contained NPY-LI in the rostral VL medulla this is the first report of such a cell group in the medulla of any mammal and emphasizes the neuroanatomical differences between humans and other species | MEDAL |
individualized medicine is important for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms mpns including essential thrombocythemia polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis which are heterogeneous in terms of genetic mutation profile prognosis disease burden and symptoms status of mpn driver mutations in jak calr and mpl or lack of one of these mutations and other myeloid mutations asxl srsf cbl and idh among others affects diagnosis and prognosis management begins with estimating the prognosis disease burden including mpn symptoms and prevention of vascular events allo-SCT is the definitive therapy in a subset of patients with myelofibrosis the majority of whom receive jak inhibition with ruxolitinib to relieve splenomegaly and symptoms and to prolong survival ruxolitinib is now a secondline therapy in polycythemia vera with pegylated interferon being evaluated as a potential frontline therapy compared with hydroxyurea the therapeutic landscape is evolving to include new jak inhibitors which may affect cytopenias pacritinib and momelotinib combination therapies including ruxolitinib and novel targets such as pentraxin and telomerase assessing the therapeutic efficacy including symptom impact and toxicity of these new approaches is necessary to determine longitudinal management of mpns in clinical practice and is a key component of individualizing care for patients with mpns | MEDAL |
microcrystalline cellulose a major component of cell wall of plants is one of the most abundant NK materials but the poor solubility of cellulose limits its applications cellulose is a linear glucan with exclusive β â linkage oxidation carried out with temponabrnaclo system can selectively oxidize the c of gl residues in cellulose this modification improves polysaccharide solubility and other physicochemical properties in this work the impact of degree of oxidation on solubility degree of crystallization thermostability molecular weight and the structures of the resulting oligosaccharide products of selectively OC were investigated using xray diffraction TG analysis gel permeation chromatographymultiple angle laser CS scattering and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatographyelectrosprayquadrupoletime of flightmass spectrometry respectively the physicochemical properties of selectively oxidized cellulose having different degrees of oxidation were carefully characterized providing a theoretical foundation for the more accurate selection of applications of Ox celluloses | MEDAL |
the possibility of using recycled PE terephthalate as a food contact material is being seriously considered but the potential migration of nonvolatile compounds from it must be assessed to ensure that it is safe to do so in the T0 presented here four samples of recycled pet were each exposed to three food simulants under the harsh extraction conditions stipulated by european legislation regarding migration tests the nonvolatile compounds that migrated from them were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry using three different cone voltages and both positive and negative ionization modes a total of chemical compounds were detected some of which were identified including common additives such as nndibetanaphthylpphenylenediamine antioxidant and ditertbutylchlorohbenzotriazolylphenol light stabilizer as well as Kd compounds such as ethylene terephthalate dimers and trimers in addition specific migration values of three common components of PE terephthalate diethylene glycol terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid were determined and found to occur at levels of mgkgmuch lower than the TPS migration limits stipulated by european legislation | MEDAL |
an EP T0 was carried out in sixteen decerebrate and paralyzed new zealand rabbits to determine how a bolus i.t. of a nociceptor stimulant hypertonic saline into the MM influences the activity of the trigeminal motor circuitry during fictive jaw movements hypodermic needles connected to a syringe held in a computercontrolled infusion pump were inserted into the anterior deep SL of either the right or the left masseter twentythree infusions of or microl saline were made in fourteen animals at constant rates over min eight control infusions of normal saline were made in a subpopulation of five animals in an MZ manner fictive jaw movements were evoked before and T3 the infusions by repetitive electrical stimulation of the corticobulbar tract effects were assessed by extracellular microelectrode recordings made from the DIG motoneuron pool and from putative lastorder interneurons in the oral subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and adjacent structures in comparison with preinfusion control cycles nociceptor stimulation caused significant slowing of the rhythm and a reduction of the area of the digastric motoneuron bursts in the majority of the animals the decrease in cycle frequency was due almost entirely to a lengthening of the time between the digastric bursts changes usually began min T3 the infusion and returned to preinfusion values within min no significant effects were seen when isotonic saline was applied recordings were obtained from nine interneurons eight of which had low threshold MS receptive fields one neuron was in addition excited by pinch eight were not active in the absence of motor activity and this did not NC when hypertonic saline was applied however once fictive movements began all started to fire rhythmic bursts of spikes in five cases there was a significant postinfusion increase in spike frequency and three showed decreases seven showed significant postinfusion changes in mean phase andor concentration of their firing within the movement cycle changes in the preferred phase of interneuronal firing were significantly correlated to changes in the phase of offset of the digastric burst the present results provide evidence that the stimulation of nociceptors in a muscle slows the frequency of rhythmical movements in the absence of sensory feedback they confirm that infusions into one muscle affect the output of its antagonist the results also suggest that neurons in the oral subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and adjacent reticular formation appear to participate in NLP these changes in motor output | MEDAL |
dna methylation can affect tissuespecific gene transcription in ways that are difficult to discern from studies focused on genomewide analyses of differentially methylated regions dmrs to elucidate the variety of associations between differentiationrelated dna hypermethylation and transcription we used available epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles from human celltissue types to focus on such relationships in genes linked to hypermethylated dmrs in myoblasts mb for of the genes promoterregion hypermethylation in mb and often a few rat cell types was associated with gene repression but importantly dna hypermethylation was absent in many other repressed samples in another genes dna hypermethylation overlapped cryptic enhancers or superenhancers and correlated with downmodulated but not silenced gene expression however such methylation was absent surprisingly in both nonexpressing samples and highly expressing samples this suggests that some genes need dmr hypermethylation to help repress cryptic enhancer chromatin only when they are actively transcribed for another genes we found an association between intergenic hypermethylated dmrs and positive expression of the gene in mb dna hypermethylationtranscription correlations similar to those of mb were evident sometimes in diverse tissues such as aorta and brain our findings have implications for the possible involvement of methylated dna in duchennes muscular dystrophy congenital heart malformations and cancer this epigenomic analysis suggests that dna methylation is not simply the inevitable consequence of changes in mRNA but instead is often an AS agent for finetuning transcription in association with OD | MEDAL |
we report here a novel approach for making reversibly coagulatable and redispersible PA latexes by w/o/w copolymerization of MMA mma using a polymeric surfactant polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate blockpolymethyl methacrylate the SF was protonated with hcl prior to use the resulted pmma latexes were readily coagulated with trace amount of caustic soda the coagulated latex particles after washing with deionized wg whiplash visual dependency can be assessed with a computerbased dot version rodframe test crftdot by measuring the deviation of a rod comprised of two dots from the true vertical within tilted frames at ° in both CW and anticlockwise directions however the number of test repetitions differs between studies the purpose of this study was to investigate the minimum number of repetitions to obtain SD crftdot outcomes thirtyone asymptomatic subjects were recruited with a frame tilt of ° clockwise and anticlockwise the rod was preset at ° in both CW and anticlockwise directions the rod could be rotated using a mouse to a minimum of ° the CW and anticlockwise deviations from the true vertical were positive values and negative values respectively a session consisted of two measures of deviations of preset rod conditions in each frame their signed values were averaged for analysis eight sessions were conducted the differences between the mean values of n and n repetitions ⦠n ⦠were measured differences were similar across repetitions and the standard deviations tended to decline over repetitions intraclass rho coefficients icc for five and more repetitions became in each frame condition hence five was considered the minimum number of testing so that the crftdot can give consistent measures of deviation from the vertical in asymptomatic HI | MEDAL |
leukocyte recruitment to the site of infection by the encapsulated yeast cryptococcus neoformans is critical for clearance of the infection we review data from our lab that chemokines such as the cc chemokines mcp and mipalpha are important mediators of leukocyte recruitment during c neoformans infection in addition studies in cc chemokine receptor knockout mice have demonstrated that ccr and ccr are required not only for leukocyte recruitment but also for other aspects of immune response development and innate imunity to c neoformans | MEDAL |
to investigate the relationship between the degree of contrast enhancement in fluidattenuated inversion recovery flair sequences and tumor signal intensity on tweighted images | MEDAL |
we present a novel intracavity frequency modulation scheme in a tunable ps OPO opo the opo signal wavelength can be modulated with a depth of more than nm at a rate of mhz one half its repetition rate we discuss the design and construction of the light source and its application to the recentlydeveloped frequency modulation coherent antistokes raman scattering fmcars and SRS srs techniques the new light source allows for real time subtraction of the interfering background signal in coherent raman imaging yielding images with purely chemical contrast | MEDAL |
desoxycorticosterone acetate dca and nacl in the dosage employed in normal rats caused renal and cardiac hypertrophy characteristic changes in the renal tubular epithelium atrophic changes in the subcapsular zone of the adrenal SC and serum electrolyte changes characterized by a rise in sodium and fall in potassium in rats rendered nephritic with a rabbit antiratkidney SS the same regimen caused similar changes in addition dca given concurrently with nacl greatly intensified the nephritic process and gave rise to striking arterial hypertension a diet virtually sodiumfree po to normal and nephritic rats receiving daily i.v. of dca abolished or reduced to a minimum the effects of this steroid ie a liberal ingestion of nacl was essential for the potentiation of the action of dca the addition of kcl to the drinking water of rats receiving dca and nacl tended to correct the depression of the level of potassium in the SS but had no effect upon the hypertension in nephritic animals nor upon the anatomical lesions the mechanism by which the sodium ion potentiates the activity of dca has not been established | MEDAL |
the mechanisms by which dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs interact to regulate striatal NPY expression during physiological motor activity are poorly understood in this work striatal expression of PPT ppt and preproenkephalin ppe mrna was studied by in situ hybridization in rats killed h T3 TR mmin for min treadmill running induced a significant increase in the levels of both ppt increase and ppe increase mrna in the striatum of normal rats the increase in the level of ppt mrna was blocked in rats previously subjected to NS deafferentation ie hydroxydopamine lesion or pretreated with dreceptor antagonist sch mgkg the dreceptor antagonist eticlopride mgkg or the nmethyldaspartate nmda glutamate receptor antagonist mk mgkg the runninginduced increase in the level of ppe mrna was blocked in rats pretreated with sch or mk rats subjected to NS deafferentation or pretreated with eticlopride showed an increase in ppe mrna levels around and increase respectively that was enhanced by running around and increase respectively these results suggest that locomotor activity increases in a nmda receptor dependent fashion the excitatory influence of the corticostriatal glutamatergic system on the two populations of striatal projection neurons as reflected by increases in the levels of ppt and ppe mrna the results obtained after dopamine depletion or injection of dopamine IL-1ra suggest that a concomitant increase in dopamine release may enhance ppt mrna level in striatonigral SN via d receptors and reduce ppe mrna level in striatopallidal SN via d receptors additionally levels of dopamine and glu may be regulated by other complex indirect mechanisms | MEDAL |
CL enzyme C2 are commonly obtained in the DUE of many conditions elevated alanine transaminase and AST transaminase have traditionally been considered a hepatocellular pattern concerning for ICM viral or toxic hepatitis elevations in these C2 pose a diagnostic dilethe feasibility of assessing quality of DWI tensor imaging dti from multiple sites and vendors using american college of radiology acr phantom participating CS siemens n ge n and philips n reached consensus on parameters for dti and used the widely available acr phantom tensor data were processed at one site b and eddy current distortions were assessed using grid L1 displacement on phantom slice SNR ratio snr was measured at the center and periphery of the b image FA fa and mean diffusivity md were assessed using phantom slice variations of acquisition parameters and deviations from specified CS parameters were recorded nonlinear grid line distortion was higher with linear shimming and could be corrected using the nd order shimming following image registration eddy current distortion was consistently smaller than acquisition voxel size snr was consistently higher in the image periphery than center by a factor of roibased fa ranged from to roibased md ranged from à to à mms median à mms two CS had image void artifacts the acr phantom can be used to compare key quality measures of DWI images acquired from multiple vendors at multiple sites | MEDAL |
somatic cell hybrids between spoag mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes derived from balbc mice hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells srbc were produced one hybrid producing igg antibody to srbc was selected cloned twice and subsequently transferred to balbc mice after a number of transfers it was found that the antibody titer in ascites fluid gradually decreased cytogenetic analysis revealed gradual chromosome loss in the hybrid clone which produced progressively less antibody | MEDAL |
the plasma level of bacterial lipopolysaccharides lps is associated with activation of the coagulation system inhibition of fibrinolysis and the nature of the clinical presentation and outcome in patients with meningococcal disease tissue factor tfbearing microparticles mps appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation dic the aim of this T0 was to investigate the relationship between mpassociated tf activity and the level of bacterial lps in plasma from patients with meningococcal septic shock and meningitis | MEDAL |
lcarnosine is synthesized in rat muscles and brain and affects autonomic neurotransmission and physiological phenomena to clarify the role of lcarnosine the effects of intraduodenal administration of lcarnosine on muscle SNA musclesna and blood flow bf were examined the changes in musclesna and bf were examined using EP and doppler flowmeter in urethaneanesthetized rats the effect of propranolol a βadrenergic antagonist on the increase in muscle bf due to lcarnosine was also examined low dose μgg body weight bw of lcarnosine increased both musclesna and muscle bf while high dese mgg bw of lcarnosine decreased both musclesna and muscle bf furthermore propranolol eliminated the increase in muscle bf caused by a low dose of lcarnosine these results suggest that lcarnosine has dosedependent effects on muscle bf via changes in musclesna and the βadrenergic receptor is implicated in the increase in muscle bf due to lcarnosine | MEDAL |
the diagnosis of CHL is usually based on audiological methods and radiology the aim of our T0 was to show that there is a useful additive method to clarify the findings of diseases with CHL patients ears with conductive hearing loss were examined using several methods otomicroscopy air and boneconduction thresholdpure tone average speech threshold speech discrimination tympanometry and stapedial reflex and tympanoscopy the management of the patients changed in per cent of cases due to tympanoscopy in a group with normal tympanic membrane the movement of the stapes during endoscopy was compared to stapedial reflex stiff stapes were found more often than an abnormal stapedial reflex ME endoscopy can increase the accuracy of diagnosis of conductive hearing loss thus enhancing decision making in the case of the patient | MEDAL |
the use of a cholecystostomy catheter for temporary bile diversion was investigated in four cats with experimentally induced extrahepatic bile duct one eighteen days after ligation of the common bile duct a f accordion catheter was placed in the GB with a g hawkins needleguide system through a paracostal incision biochemical parameters and fasting SS bile acids were monitored for days there were significant decreases in mean total bilirubin AST aminotransferase and fasting serum bile acids within hours of bile diversion and in mean alanine aminotransferase within hours attitude and appetite improved and the catheter was tolerated well positive bile cultures developed in three cats histologic changes in the gallbladder included mucosal ulcerations a mixed inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrosis of the submucosa | MEDAL |
the avian retrovirus pp protein possesses a dnanicking activity which prefers supercoiled dna as ATP we have investigated the binding of pp to avian retrovirus long terminal repeat ltr dna present in both supercoiled and linear forms the cloned viral dna was derived from unintegrated schmidtruppin a sra dna a subclone of the viral dna in pbr termed ppvuiidg contains some src sequences tandem copies of ltr sequences and partial gag sequences in the order srcu uu ugag IB of pp to supercoiled ppvuiidg dna followed by digestion of this complex with a multicut RE fragments total permitted pp to preferentially retain on nitrocellulose filters two viral dna fragments containing only ltr dna sequences in addition pp also preferentially retained four plasmid dna fragments containing either potential promoters or tn leftend inverted repeat sequences mapping of the pp IB sites on viral ltr dna was accomplished by using the dnase i footprinting technique the pp protein but not the avian HTLV alphabeta dna polymerase is able to form a unique proteindna complex with selected regions of either sra or prague a ltr dnas partial dnase i digestion of a base pair sra dna fragment complexed with pp gives upon PACE in denaturing gels a unique ladder DP with regions of diminished dnase i susceptibility from to nucleotides in length in comparison with control digests in the absence of protein the binding of pp to this fragment also yields enhanced dnase isusceptible CS that are spaced between the Az protected from dnase i digestion the protected region of this unique complex was a stretch of nucleotides that encompasses the presumed viral promoter site in u which is adjacent to the src region extends through u and proceeds past the joint into u for about base pairs no specific protection or dnase i enhancement by pp was observed in experiments with a base pair sra dna fragment derived from a part of u and the adjacent src region or a base pair dna fragment derived from another part of u the dna CS of prague a dna at the fused ltrs differs from that of sra dna the alteration in the CS at the juncture of the ltrs prevented pp from forming a stable complex in this region of the ltr our results are relevant to two aspects of the interaction between pp and ltr dna first the pp protein in the presence of selected viral dna TRF possibly forms a higher order oligomer analogous to escherichia coli dna gyrasedna complexes or eucaryotic nucleosome structures second the specificity of the binding suggests a role for pp and the protected dna sequences in the HTLV life cycle the preferred sequences to which pp binds include two adjacent base pair inverted terminal repeats at the joint between u and u in sra dna this region is involved in circularization of linear dna and is perhaps the site that directs integration into cellular dna | MEDAL |
the C1 public corporation has been an unrivaled creator of wealth and jobs in our century but public corporations depend on patient capital and patient capital depends on boards of directors that are conscientious and responsible unfortunately the prosperity and economic stability of the last years have allowed boards to grow complacent clubby and passive now explosive developments in five areas have shaken the corporate world to its roots information technology flexible manufacturing global markets workplace democracy and pensionfund capitalism as a result C1 corporations find themselves under attack from a hornets nest of small aggressive competitors and at the same time professional investors and the constant threat of takeover have forced corporations to focus on shortterm results rather than on LT investments although pension funds ought to behave like any other patient capital the fact is we cannot count on institutional investors to buy stock for the long term and to hold a boards feet to the fire to protect their investments one reason is legal securities laws hinder stockholders from working together to make their weight felt with boards of directors so they tend to vote with their feet instead and sell the stock when unhappy with management the author recommends a variety of measures to reinvigorate corporate boards reduce their fear of fiduciary liability in the investment of pensionfund monies and encourage pensionfund investors to take a more AS role in the direction of the companies whose stock they own | MEDAL |
this article addresses the importance of blood pressure as a covariate in studies of longterm associations between air quality and mortality we focus on a cohort of about us veterans who had been diagnosed as hypertensive at some time and whose survival rates were predicted by blood pressure bp and ambient air SQ among other AF the relationship between bp and air quality is considered by reviewing the literature by deleting variables from the proportional hazards regression model and by stratifying the cohort by diastolic blood pressure dbp level the literature review shows bp to be an important predictor of survival and finds small transient associations between air SQ and bp that may be either positive or negative the regression model sensitivity runs showed that the associations with air pollution are robust to the deletion of the bp variables for the entire cohort for stratified regressions the confidence intervals for the air pollutionmortality associations overlap for the two dbp groups we conclude that associations between mortality and air quality are not mediated through blood pressure nor vice versa | MEDAL |
a cyclomaltohexaose alphacyclodextrin determination method which is both highly reproducible and selective is described it involves the formation of an inclusion complex between the cyclodextrin and MO under conditions of low ph and LT degrees c and is useful for the CA of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase activity the formation of the inclusion complex causes a decrease in absorbance of the MO solution and this is monitored at a wavelength of nm the decrease in absorbance is linearly correlated with the cyclomaltohexaose concentration in the range of optical density unit and mm cyclomaltohexaose the specificity of the test for cyclomaltohexaose is high with only limited interference by linear oligosaccharides and other cyclodextrins cyclomaltoheptaose and cyclomaltooctaose cause absorbance variations of and respectively of the response of maltohexaose the formation of the complex is instantaneous and the complex is stable in time provided the temperature is constant the presence of MO does not hinder enzymatic activity determination the reaction is stopped by acidification and absorbance is measured at the fixed temperature of degrees c possible interferences inherent to the composition of the sample itself can be suppressed by running AGA controls and calculating a QTc optical density this colorimetric method is simple and should be versatile in assaying diverse cyclomaltohexaose glucanotransferase enzymes | MEDAL |
using a prostatespecific antigen cdna as a hybridization probe clones containing the kallikrein genes encoding prostatespecific antigen human glandular kallikrein and pancreaskidney kallikrein were isolated from a human genomic library clones containing the prostatespecific antigen gene and the hK2 gene overlap and span a region of about kb the two genes are aligned in a head to tail orientation at a mutual distance of kb southern blot analysis of dna from a panel of humanhamster hybrid cells with specific probes revealed the genes to be situated on chromosome assuming that the pancreaskidney kallikrein gene is located in the same cluster the distance to the prostatespecific antigen gene and the human GK gene must be at least kb | MEDAL |
biliary tract cancers are relatively common malignant gastrointestinal PT in the elderly claudins are integral components of tight junctions that play important roles in maintaining epithelial cell polarity controlling paracellular diffusion and regulating cell growth and differentiation the expression profile of claudins has been extensively characterized but few reports exist on their expression in the normal and neoplastic biliary tract our aim was therefore to study claudins by ihc reactions in normal and neoplastic biliary tract samples we detected that claudin expressions differ in the normal sample CG the normal gallbladder strongly expressed claudin and but only weak reactions were seen in normal intrahepatic bile ducts although each CA type expressed several claudins with various intensities only claudin presented especially strong immunoreactions in extrahepatic bile duct cancers and gallbladder carcinomas whereas claudin and presented in intrahepatic bile duct cancers comparing the normal and carcinoma CG the most significant decrease was detected in the expression of claudin in conclusion the expression DP of claudins is different in the various parts of the normal and neoplastic biliary tract moreover an unequivocal decrease was detected in the carcinomas compared with their corresponding normal samples this manuscript contains online supplemental material at httpwwwjhcorg please visit this article online to view these materials | MEDAL |
AA OP is the major concern associated with long term NI of antiepileptic drugs aeds women are the vulnerable targets owing to PM BL in the present work we evaluated the effect of weeks of treatment with aed therapy CBZ cbz mgkg sodium valproate svp mgkg lev ltm mgkg on bone mineral density and microarchitecture at femoral epiphysis lumbar vertebrae and PT tibia of normal and ovariectomised wistar rats in addition we measured serum C2 of vitamin d receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa βligand rankl PC type aminoterminal propeptide pnp and wnt inhibitors sclerostin and dkk following aed therapy MCT analysis of bones revealed significant reduction in bmd at femur epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae with all the three aeds evaluated at proximal tibia only cbz showed a significant decline the reduction in bmd was more pronounced in ovariectomised rats aeds also resulted in alteration of microct parameters these changes were accompanied by an increased serum rankl with all aeds while vitamin d levels were reduced only with cbz treatment and pnp levels were reduced with svp and cbz serum sclerostin levels were elevated following all aeds in normal and ovariectomised rats except with cbz in normal rats however increase in dkk levels was observed with only ltm ovariectomy itself resulted in increased rankl sclerostin and dkk and reduced vitamin d and pnp levels significant differences were discernible between normal and ovariectomised rats treated with aeds in all the parameters however while sclerostin increased further upon aeds treatment pnp decreased with svp and cbz and SS dkk C2 showed a declining trend with all the three aeds studied we confirm adverse effects on bone following aeds in female rats further our results demonstrate for the first time that these effects are more pronounced in ovariectomised rats as compared to normal rats and that this could be related to estrogen deficiency which in turn enhances BR via increased rankl and reduces bone formation via increased sclerostin and reduced pnp finally our T0 demonstrated for the first time that aed treatment displayed changes in the serum levels of wnt inhibitors and hence modulation of wnt inhibitors might be partly involved in their adverse effects on bone | MEDAL |
natural actomyosin nam extracted in m nacl from hake fillets stored at and degrees c for up to weeks was studied the extracted protein decreased as storage progressed and became poorer in S1 while the proportion of actin remained constant two L1 peaks composed of myosin plus actin and actin plus tropomyosin plus troponins were obtained by size exclusion chromatography sdspage analysis of the protein retained in the precolumn filter showed that there was protein aggregated by covalent bonding surface hydrophobicity increased while caatpase activity apparent viscosity and sh groups decreased as storage progressed the loss of caatpase activity was due mainly to denaturation of the extracted myosin whereas the minimum viscosity values occurred earlier and were not directly due to the lower proportion of S1 in the extracts thus the extracted nam exhibited changes during frozen storage the temperaturedependent difference was mainly quantitative due to a smaller amount of protein extracted at degrees c | MEDAL |
this T0 evaluated four root repair materials for cytotoxicity and cell att in vitro cell viability was determined at hr days and days by using a bismethoxynitrosulfophenylhtetrazoliumcarboxanilide xtt assay with material extracts cell adhesion was examined with a scanning EM on the surface of materials at and hr angelus mta displayed the lowest cell viabilities at allday incubations endocem had high biocompatibility on the D1 after culturing for days and days the cell viabilities of biodentine endocem and mmmta had similar results and their cell viability was significantly higher than that of angelus no definite relation was found between the incubation time and the relative cell viability in any group in scanning electron micrographs the cells were attached to the material surface for all materials although the cells in the biodentine group were attached better than the other CG on the second day cell viability and cell attachment was lower in the angelus group endocem biodentine and mmmta were similar in biocompatibility and cytotoxicity | MEDAL |
ionic liquid ilassisted sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ilssdspage was presented to improve protein separation ils were employed during the preparation process of polyacrylamide gel then the modified gel was used for commercial protein marker binary bovine SS albuminlysozyme bsalyz and human SS separation the influence of IL concentration cation alkyl chain length cation and anion types on proteins separation were investigated the results showed that ils played a role in improving some protein separation and ilssdspage provided higher resolution and separation efficiency than ordinary sdspage for low and middle M(r) proteins in human SS in addition the principle of ilssdspage was discussed and the comparison of ilssdspage with ordinary sdspage and native page was made | MEDAL |
persistent high levels of aggressive oppositional and impulsive behaviours in the early lives of children are significant risk factors for adolescent and adult antisocial behaviour and criminal activity if the disruptive behavioural problems of young children could be prevented or significantly reduced at an early age the trajectory of these behavioural problems leading to adolescent delinquency and AD antisocial behaviour could be corrected parentchild interaction therapy pcit is a shortterm evidencebased training MI for parents dealing with preschool children who exhibit behavioural problems recently pcit was implemented in a dutch community mental health setting this present study aims to examine the shortterm effects of pcit on reducing the frequency of disruptive behaviour in young children | MEDAL |
in forensic autopsies one of the most important and common signs of violence to the neck is hemorrhages of the soft tissues the institute of forensic medicine in bern evaluates the usefulness of postmortem MSCT msct and magnetic resonance imaging mri of forensic cases prior to autopsy the aim of this T0 was to prove the sensitivity of postmortem msct and mri in the PCD of hemorrhages of the neck muscles a full body scan prior to and a detailed scan of the explanted larynx T3 autopsy were performed msct detected multiple fractures of the larynx detailed mri was able to demonstrate the hemorrhage of the left PCA the minor hemorrhage of the right posterior cricoarytenoid muscle could not be detected with certainty although more experience is required we conclude that combined mri and msct examination is a useful tool for documentation and examination of neck muscle hemorrhages in forensic cases | MEDAL |
a retrospective T0 of the surgical management of cerebellopontine angle cpa meningiomas was performed all patients were treated by a single surgeon ttk over a year period there were males females with a median age of years the median followup after surgery was years range years tumours were classified anatomically into six groups lateral midpetrosal petroclival internal auditory meatal meckels cave and inferior only the petroclival tumours posed difficulties with complete resection achieved in out of and for most of them a transtentorial transpetrous RPA was used in other CG complete resection was achieved in all patients there were four recurrences two midpetrosal one petroclival one internal AEP meatal three of which had CR macroscopic resection at the initial T0 | MEDAL |
vasopressin increases urine concentration by stimulating BPM accumulation of aquaporin aqp in collecting duct principal cells allowing bulk Jv across the collecting duct from lumen to interstitium down an osmotic gradient mutations in the vasopressin type receptor vr cause hereditary xlinked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ndi a disease characterized by excessive urination and dehydration recently we showed that inhibition of endocytosis by the cholesteroldepleting drug methylbetacyclodextrin mbetacd induces plasma membrane accumulation of aqp in transfected LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing epitopetagged aqp here we asked whether mbetacd could induce membrane accumulation of aqp in situ using the IPK ipk by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy we show that aqp was shifted from a predominantly intracellular localization to the apical membrane of principal cells following h perfusion of spraguedawley rat kidneys with mm mbetacd quantification of staining revealed that the intensity of aqp was increased from control to units mbetacd p an effect similar to that seen after perfusion with nm ddavp p similar changes were observed following mbetacd perfusion of kidneys from vasopressindeficient brattleboro rats no effect of mbetacd treatment on the basolateral CSD of aqp and aqp was detected these data indicate that aqp constitutively recycles between the apical membrane and intracellular vesicles in principal cells in situ and that inducing apical aqp accumulation by inhibiting aqp endocytosis is a feasible goal for bypassing the defective vr signaling pathway in xlinked ndi | MEDAL |
to examine the relationship between CS and pelvic inflammatory disease we analyzed data from a hospitalbased casecontrol study of pelvic inflammatory disease case subjects were women hospitalized with their first episode of pelvic inflammatory disease control subjects were women hospitalized with nongynecologic conditions LR was used to control for potentially confounding AF including number of recent sexual partners frequency of intercourse and previous episodes of gonorrhea compared with women who had never smoked current cigarette smokers had a significantly elevated relative risk of pelvic inflammatory disease of confidence interval to similarly former cigarette smokers had a significantly elevated or of pelvic inflammatory disease of confidence interval to however a DR relationship was not observed these results suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease whether or not this association is causal requires clarification the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and the serious consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease make such clarification an important consideration for future research | MEDAL |
upon transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta binding to its cognate receptor smad and smad form heterodimers and transduce the tgfbeta signal to the nucleus in addition to the smad pathway another pathway involving a member of the mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase kinase family of kinases tgfbetaactivated kinase tak is required for tgfbeta signaling however it is unknown how these pathways function together to synergistically amplify tgfbeta signaling here we report that the transcription factor atf also called crebp is bound by a heterooligomer of smad and smad upon tgfbeta stimulation atf is one member of the atfcreb family that binds to the camp response PE and its activity is enhanced T3 phosphorylation by SAP kinases such as cjun NT kinase and p the IB between atf and smad is mediated via the mh region of the smad proteins and the basic leucine zipper region of atf tgfbeta signaling also induces the phosphorylation of atf via tak andpsychiatrists for most of this century we report a case control T0 in which rates of epl due to parental death or permanent separation before the age of years were evaluated in patients with major depression md BP disorder bpd and schizophrenia scz compared to individually matched healthy control subjects mdcontrol pairs bpdcontrol pairs sczcontrol pairs loss of parent during childhood significantly increased the likelihood of developing md during AD life or p the effect of loss due to permanent separation p was more striking than loss due to death as was loss before the age of years or p compared to later childhood and adolescence the overall rate of epl was also increased in bpd or p but there were no significant findings in any of the subcategories of loss a significantly increased rate of epl was observed in schizophrenia patients or p particularly before the age of years or p comparison of psychosocial medical and clinical characteristics of subjects with and without a history of epl within the larger patient groups from which the matched samples were drawn md n bpd n scz n yielded few significant findings among the controls n however subjects who had experienced epl reported lower incomes had been divorced more frequently were more likely to be living alone were more likely to smoke or have smoked cigarettes and reported more physical illness p long term neurobiological consequences of early environmental stressors such as maternal deprivation have been extensively studied in many animal species recently enduring changes in hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal axis CF including corticotrophin releasing factor gene expression have received particular attention analogous processes may be implicated in the effect of epl on human vulnerability to psychopathology via alterations in responsiveness to AS genetic predisposition may influence the degree of susceptibility of the individual to the effects of early environmental stress and may also determine the psychopathological entity to which the individual is rendered vulnerable as a consequence of the stress | MEDAL |
herpes simplex virus type hsv requires the MICs of cellular kinases for efficient replication the host kinase ck has been shown or is predicted to modify several hsv proteins and has been proposed to affect one or more steps in the viral life cycle furthermore potential cellular and viral substrates of ck are involved in antiviral pathways and viral counterdefenses respectively suggesting that ck regulates these processes consequently we tested whether pharmacological inhibitors of ck impaired hsv replication either CT or in combination with the cellular antiviral factor interferonβ ifnβ our results indicate that the use of ck inhibitors results in a minor reduction in hsv replication but enhanced the GABA effect of ifnβ on replication this effect was dependent on the hsv e ubiquitin ligase INF cell protein icp which impairs several host antiviral responses including that produced by ifnβ inhibitors of ck did not however impede the ability of icp to induce the degradation of two cellular targets the promyelocytic leukemia protein pml and the DNA-PKcs dnapkcs notably this effect was only apparent for hsv as the ck inhibitors did not enhance the antiviral effect of ifnβ on either vesicular stomatitis virus or adenovirus type thus our data suggest that the activity of ck is required for an early CF during viral infection that assists the growth of hsv in ifnβtreated cells | MEDAL |
the changes in the muscle contents of coash and carnitine and their acetylated forms lactate and the AS form of Pyr dehydrogenase complex were studied during incremental DE eight subjects exercised for minutes on a bicycle ergometer at work loads corresponding to and of their vomax muscle samples were obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy technique at rest at the end of each work period and T3 T2 of REC during the IET there was a continuous increase in muscle lactate from a basal value of mmol kg dry weight to mmol kg at the end of the final period the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex increased from mmol acetylcoa formed per minute per kilogram wet weight at rest to at vomax and at and vomax respectively both acetylcoa and acetylcarnitine increased at the two highest work loads the increase of acetylcoa was from mumol kg dry weight at rest to after the highest work load and for acetylcarnitine from mmol kg dry weight to the coash and free carnitine contents fell correspondingly there was a close relationship between acetylcoa and acetylcarnitine accumulation in muscle during exercise with a IB of approximately mol acethe mitral annulus to the coaptation of the mitral valve c the maximum distance between the anterior leaflet and a straight line connecting the anterior mitral annulus and the coaptation of the mitral valve d and the maximum distance between the posterior mitral leaflet and the straight L1 connecting the posterior mitral annulus and the coaptation of the mitral valve e were measured in the parasternal longaxis view the locations of the anterior and posterior mitral annuli were determined to be the hing point of the anterior leaflet on the left ventricular side and the junction of the posterior leaflet on the ventricular side respectively mitral regurgitation mr was evaluated by cde in the parasternal longaxis view the ratio of the duration of regurgitation to ejection time dtet was measured by mmode cde in the subjects with and without mvp the values of c ranged from mm to mm and those of d from mm to mm minus denotes prolapse into the left atrium approximately normal distributions were demonstrated with the parameters c and d the value of e could not be measured because of a poor image of the posterior leaflet the incidence of mvp varied from to depending on the criterion for applied mvp fiftynine of the HS turned out to have mr coaptation of the mitral valve deviated from the posterior commissure significantly to the LA more in the subjects with mr than in those without mr vs p the dtet ratio of the mr subjects with mvp tended to be higher than that of the boys without mvp the presence of continuity between the normal and prolapsed mitral valves suggests that mvp may be a multifactorial disorder of the valve associated asymptomatic mr may be related not only to the severity of mvp but also to other AF especially in mr of NHS | MEDAL |
interferon betab has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations in relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis ms in the north american T0 however approximately of patients developed neutralizing antibodies leading to a diminution of therapeutic tau according to current investigations in contrast antibodynegative patients showed a reduction in the annual relapse rate compared to patients receiving PL here we provide practical guidelines for neutralizing antibody testing if treatment failure is suspected | MEDAL |
AEP processing deficits have been hypothesized as an underlying mechanism for stuttering previous studies have demonstrated abnormal responses in subjects with persistent developmental stuttering pds at the higher level of the CE auditory system using speech stimuli recently the potential usefulness of speech evoked auditory brainstem responses in central APD has been emphasized the current T0 used the speech evoked abr to investigate the hypothesis that subjects with pds have TPS AEP perceptual dysfunction objectives to determine whether brainstciency and delivery to the target site to reduce SE for encapsulation passive and AS strategies are available passive strategies encompass the proper selection of the composition of the formulation ZP particle size and preparation method moreover many Ka and bases such as doxorubicin can be actively loaded with high efficiency it is highly desirable that once the drug is encapsulated it should be released preferentially at the target site resulting in an optimal therapeutic effect devoid of side effects for this purpose targeted and triggered delivery approaches are available the rapidly increasing knowledge of the many overexpressed PSA makers in pathological CS reviewed herein has enabled the development of liposomes decorated with ligands for cellsurface receptors and AS delivery furthermore many liposomal formulations have been designed to actively PR their content in response to specific stimuli such as a ph decrease heat external alternating magnetic field ultrasound or CS more than half a century T3 the discovery of liposomes some hydrophilic small molecule drugs loaded in liposomes with high EE are available on the market however targeted liposomes or formulations able to deliver the drug after a CS- are not yet a reality in the clinic and are still awaited | MEDAL |
corticotropinreleasing hormone plays an important role in the coordination of various responses to stress previous research has implicated both corticotropinreleasing hormone and the serotonergic system as causative factors in the OD and course of stressrelated psychiatric disorders such as major depression to delineate the role of the corticotropinreleasing hormone receptor type crhr in the interactions between corticotropinreleasing hormone and serotonergic neurotransmission in vivo microdialysis was performed in crhrdeficient mice under basal home cage and AS SW conditions HPC dialysates were used to measure extracellular C2 of serotonin and its metabolite 5-HIAA acid and free corticosterone C2 to monitor the status of the HPA axis moreover behavioural activity was assessed by visual observation and a scoring paradigm both wildtype and heterozygous mutant mice showed a clear diurnal rhythm in free corticosterone free corticosterone concentrations were however lower in heterozygous mutant mice than in wildtype animals and undetectable in homozygous crhrdeficient mice homozygous crhrdeficient mice showed enhanced hippocampal C2 of 5-HIAA acid but not of serotonin during the light and the dark phase of the diurnal cycle which may point to an enhanced synthesis of serotonin in the raphehippocampal system moreover the mutation resulted in higher behavioural activity in the home cage during the light but not during the dark period SW caused a rise in HPC serotonin followed by a further increase after the end of the stress paradigm in all genotypes homozygous and heterozygous mutant mice showed however a significantly amplified serotonin response to the SW as compared to wildtype control animals we conclude that crhrdeficiency results in reduced hypothalamicpituitaryadrenocortical axis activity in enhanced synthesis of serotonin during basal conditions and in an augmented response in extracellular levels of serotonin to AS these data provide further evidence for the intricate relationship between corticotropinreleasing hormone and serotonin and the important role of the crhr herein | MEDAL |
NPY y npy modulates cardiovascular feeding and reproductive functions peripheral neurohumoral inputs from these systems are integrated and transformed into efferent signals in the brainstem detailed mapping of npyexpressing cells in the BS has not been established in primates in this report we utilized the in situ hybridization ish method to identify brainstem areas that contain npy mrna in four ovariectomized Rh macaques treated with estradiolbeta a slabeled human npy crna probe was used for ish in paraformaldehydefixed brainstem blocks that were sectioned at microm thickness in the upper C2 spinal cord npy mrna signals were confined to the substantia gelatinosa along the spinal tract of the TG nerve in the medulla npy images were found in the nucleus of solitary tract dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve nucleus of the spinal tract of TG nerve lateral RE and the reticular formation in the pons npy mrna was confined to cells in the locus coeruleus and the nucleus of raphe npy signals were observed in the ventral portion of the PAG the dorsal nucleus of raphe and the reticular formation of MES in the midbrain whereas the BS CSD of npycontaining cells in the Rh macaque overlap those regions that are rich in catecholamines npy perikarya were also present in noncatecholaminergic Az for example the Rt formation of both the medulla and MES abundantly expressed npy mrnnces in dose route of SE animal species used andor TPS compound tested the studies described herein were undertaken to investigate the immunotoxicity of one member of this family dimethyldithiocarbamate dmdtc we demonstrate that microm dmdtc inhibits tnfalphainduced activation of nfkappab in primary human cd TA this inhibition is not accompanied by a loss in viability and dmdtctreated t cells retain other AS signaling pathways throughout the exposure duration the inhibition of nfkappab is apparently permanent as dmdtctreated TA did not regain normal tnfalpha activation even after h in SC dmdtc does not appear to alter nfkappab directly as preincubation of nuclear extracts with dmdtc does not diminish CBA of this protein we further demonstrate that microm dmdtc inhibits intracellular il production and decreases surface expression of cd the alpha S1 of the il receptor in t cells stimulated with phorbol ester these data demonstrate that dmdtc is a potent immunosuppressive compound in vitro | MEDAL |
imiquimod methylpropylhimidazocquinolinamine is a tlr agonist that induces cytokine production in tlr bearing antigenpresenting cells apcs including il a cytokine that has been demonstrated to be a critical effector molecule for contact hypersensitivity chs to test our hypothesis that topical applications of imiquimod may protect the skin immune system against the deleterious effects of uv CS exposures we treated animals with this agent or its vehicle or nothing before uv exposures although topical imiquimod exposures before uv CS did not prevent the SD of epidermal langerhans cells it did prevent the loss of chs il was important in the protective role of imiquimod in preventing uvinduced loss of chs as systemic treatment of mice with an antiil p monoclonal antibody blocked the protective effects of imiquimod additionally only imiquimodtreated mice were resistant to haptenspecific tolerance induction after uv irradiation at the site of the initial sensitization with the hapten dinitrofluorobenzene to MM for the effects of tlr activation on the uv effect on antigenapcs xs cell L1 was used to T0 this interaction in an in vitro model system this cell line expressed mrna for tlr downregulated ikappab phosphorylated cjun NT kinase and secreted cytokines T3 SE to imiquimod or lipopolysaccharide activation of the tlr signaling pathway on xs before uvlight exposures enhanced ilp secretion by this cell line similarly activation of tlr on xs before uvlight SE also prevented the uvinduced loss of ifngamma triggering in TA during an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction imiquimodtreated uvirradiated xs triggered a more vigorous Th1 production than did either imiquimodtreated xs or uvirradiated xs again suggesting a synergy between the two treatments lastly EC lymph node cdc apcs from mice treated with uv irradiation imiquimod CT or the combination of uv irradiation and imiquimod indicated the same in vivo synergy between imiquimod irradiation and uv irradiation in enhancing ilp production these data suggest that topical imiquimod applications may play a role in preventing uvinduced impairment of the skin immune system which is thought to be one of the critical events that allow the development of uvinduced skin cancers | MEDAL |
cytomegalovirus cmv infection is known to be a major risk factor for the development of chronic transplant AAR in HR and lung transplantation a possible mechanism for the induction of lung SPK rejection by cmv infection is the inflammatory upregulation of adhesion ligand molecules by the viral infection leading to an increased endothelialleucocyte interaction to study this question an exp MM was established in the rat using a rat cytomegalovirus rcmv infection and acute lung SPK rejection in left single lung transplantation the CSD of rcmv intercellular adhesion molecule icam and its leucocyte receptor cda lfa were investigated by immunohistochemistry the viral infection was observed in SPK lungs of INF hosts as early as day the expression of icam on endothelial cells was induced and enhanced by rcmv infection and infiltration of cdapositive leucocytes found to be increased in INF recipients an acceleration of the AAR of the allografts by the hosts was found | MEDAL |
a yearold man complained of abdominal angina and IC multidimensional angiography showed focal calcified obstruction of the suprarenal aorta occlusion of the RA EIA and instent restenosis in the right PD extraanatomic bypass was performed from the ascending aorta to the left external iliac and RA FA arteries using an mm bifurcated VG with concomitant offpump PD grafting the patients digestive symptoms and leg claudication disappeared | MEDAL |
the main aim of this work was to test the effects that freezethawing could have on the overall nuclear structure of boar sperm this was done by analyzing both the dna fragmentation and the protaminedna interaction of the boarsperm nucleus our results indicate that freezingthawing did not induce a significant degree of dna fragmentation as manifested through both the spermsushalomax stain and a random primed analysis prior to partial dna digestion with enzymes bamhihindiii on the other hand freezethawing induced significant changes in the protaminedna interaction as revealed through both western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry for protamine these alterations caused in turn significant changes in the overall nuclear structure of boar sperm T3 thawing protaminedna alterations started to be apparent during the cooling phase of the freezethawing protocol these results imply that one of the alterations that may be responsible for the loss of fertilizing ability of boar sperm T3 freezethawing may be an alteration in the correct formation of the overall nuclear structure which in turn would induce alterations in the correct formation of the first nuclear structure after oocyte penetration | MEDAL |
the mu zona pellucida surrounds the growing oocyte ovulated egg and dividing embryo it is comprised of three sulfated glycoproteins designated zp zp and zp which have molecular weights of and daltons respectively we have isolated a series of cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies to zp and to zp these immunogical probes indicate that the EM proteins of the ZP are found uniquely in the ovary where they surround maturing oocytes we have demonstrated that passive immunization with antibodies TPS either for zp or zp inhibit in vivo and in IVF this effect is observed with ngml quantities of antibody it appears that the antibodies do not preclude sperm binding but rather prevent sperm penetration of the zona by steric hinderance although LT the contraceptive effect is fully reversible and this reversibility is associated with loss of antibody from the zona pellucida surrounding intraovarian oocytes antibodies to zp or zp had no other adverse effect on in vivo or in vitro preimplantation development | MEDAL |
the treatment regime in anal carcinoma is changing from being a mainly surgical problem combined RCT is of increasing interest as treatment of choice the new treatment modality including chemotherapy with mitomycin c and fluorouracil combined with percutaneous and interstitial radiotherapy is presented the treatment regimes performed at the university department for radiotherapy and radiobiology vienna is discussed with regard to tolerance side effects and LC | MEDAL |
a quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup a c w and y conjugate vaccine acwy utilising tetanus toxoid tt as its carrier protein acwytt nimenrix⢠glaxosmithkline vaccines rixensart belgium has been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic when administered to young children from months of age older children adolescents and adults administration of a single dose of acwytt induces protective SS bactericidal antibodies against all four serogroups as well as good antibody persistence coadministration studies have demonstrated that acwytt can be po with diphtheria tetanus threecomponent acellular pertussis SH b inactivated polio virus and Hib conjugate vaccine dtapipvhbvhib infanrix⢠hexa GSK vaccines rixensart belgium measles mumps rubella varicella vaccine priorixtetra⢠GSK vaccines rixensart belgium valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine synflorix® glaxosmithkline vaccines rixensart belgium SH a and b vaccine twinrix® glaxosmithkline vaccines rixensart belgium and seasonal influenza vaccine fluarix⢠GSK vaccines rixensart belgium studies in young infants from months of age have now commenced but immunisation with a single dose of acwytt from months of age is a safe and immunogenic option in the prevention of SMD | MEDAL |
plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen cea and calcitonin ct were measured in NCs and in patients with suspected or established medullary thyroid carcinoma mtc none of the normal control subjects had elevated basal plasma C2 of either cea greater than ngml or ct greater than ngml however of the patients with suspected or established mtc had elevated basal plasma C2 of cea range ngml and had elevated basal plasma ct values range ngml generally patients with clinically apparent mtc either primary or metastatic had higher plasma cea and ct C2 than those with occult disease a positive rho was found r p less than when comparing basal plasma cea and stimulated plasma ct C2 in patients a marked increase above the basal plasma level of ct but not cea was detected in each of six mtc patients following intravenous calcium or pentagastrin these data demonstrate that basal plasma C2 of cea and ct were increased in a large percentage of patients with mtc plasma calcitonin levels unlike plasma cea levels were more often elevated in patients with occult disease and were increased above basal following the i.v. of either calcium gluconate or pentagastrin | MEDAL |
while there is evidence of nitric oxide nodependent signalling via the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate cgmp in plants guanylate cyclases gcs enzymes that catalyse the formation of cgmp from guanosine triphosphate gtp have until recently remained elusive and none of the candidates identified todate are nodependent using both a gc and hemebinding domain TPS hnox search motif we have identified an arabidopsis flavin monooxygenase atg and shown electrochemically that it binds no has a higher affinity for no than for o and that this molecule can generate cgmp from gtp in vitro in an nodependent manner | MEDAL |
the vascular effects of gramine on resistance vessels were evaluated in particular as regards the hydroxytryptamine ht system we compared the action of gramine with that of ketanserin a ht a antagonist both EDC induced concentrationdependent relaxation in precontracted arterial rings also the ht concentrationeffect curve shifted to the RA in the presence of gramine like ketanserin these results suggest that gramine is a vasorelaxing agent acting mainly by antagonism at ht a receptors | MEDAL |
a pipette tipbased MIP monolith microextraction ptmipmme method was developed for the selective extraction of difenoconazole in TW and grape juice in this method MIP mip monolith used as the sorbent was synthesized at the tip of a micropipette this in situ polymerization reaction used difenoconazole as the template and methacrylic acid maa as the PET monomer EG dimethacrylate egdma as the crosslinker and the mixture of toluenedodecanol as the porogenic solvent the pipette tip containing mip monolith was matched to a syringe for performing the polymer monolith microextraction pmme several parameters affecting the proposed ptmipmme method were investigated including the flow rate sample volume ph and salt concentration of sample the type and volume of eluent under the optimal conditions the ptmipmme method showed a low limit of detection of μgl the recoveries were in the range of with relative standard deviations less than the results showed that difenoconazole was selectively EC from tap water and grape juice samples | MEDAL |
while many physiological control models exist in the literature none thus far has focused on characterizing the interactions among the respiratory cardiovascular and sleepwake regulation systems that occur in sleepdisordered breathing the MM introduced in this T0 integrates the autonomic control of the CVS chemoreflex and staterelated control of respiration including respiratory and upper airway mechanics along with a model of circadian and sleepwake regulation the integrative MM provides realistic predictions of the physiological responses under a variety of conditions including the sleepwake cycle hypoxiainduced periodic breathing CSR in chronic HF and OSA osa it can be used to investigate the effects of a variety of interventions such as isocapnic and hypercapnic andor hypoxic gas administration the valsalva and mueller maneuvers and the application of continuous positive airway pressure on osa subjects by being able to delineate the influences of the various interacting physiological mechanisms the MM is useful in providing a more lucid understanding of the complex dynamics that characterize statecardiorespiratory control in the different forms of sleepdisordered breathing | MEDAL |
MSCT ct and magnetic resonance imaging mri are the main candidates for noninvasive coronary angiography however multislice ct unlike mri exposes patients to radiation and an iodinated intravenous UCA | MEDAL |
androgen receptor ar a steroid HR is critical for prostate cancer growth however activation of ar by androgens can also lead to growth suppression and differentiation transcriptional cofactors play an important role in this switch between proliferative and antiproliferative ar target gene programs transducin βlikerelated protein tblr a core component of the nuclear receptor corepressor complex shows both corepressor and coactivator MICs on nuclear receptors but little is known about its effects on ar and prostate cancer we characterized tblr as a coactivator of ar in prostate CA cells and determined that the activation is dependent on both phosphorylation and s proteosome we showed that tblr physically interacts with ar and directly occupies the androgenresponse elements of the affected ar target genes in an androgendependent manner tblr is primarily localized in the nucleus in benign prostate cells and nuclear expression is significantly reduced in prostate CA cells in culture similarly in human RT samples the expression of tblr in the nucleus is significantly reduced in the malignant glands compared with the surrounding benign prostatic PG p stable ectopic expression of nuclear tblr leads to androgendependent growth suppression of prostate CA cells in vitro and in vivo by selective activation of androgenregulated genes associated with differentiation eg krt and growth suppression eg nkx but not cell proliferation of the prostate CA understanding the molecular switches involved in the transition from ardependent growth promotion to ardependent growth suppression will lead to more successful treatments for prostate cancer | MEDAL |
previous studies have investigated how temporal discounting influences reward processing in the human BB however it remains unclear whether a short delay in presenting an outcome affects BB activity related to reward processing that is indexed by the two eventrelated potential components the feedback errorrelated N1 fern and p components the present T0 used a revised simple gambling task and manipulated the waiting time before reward presentation behavioral data showed that participants did not respond differently between conditions however they reported more negative emotion under longwaiting conditions than under shortwaiting conditions eventrelated potential results showed that fern was not significantly different between the two conditions whereas the shortwaiting feedback elicited a notably larger p amplitude than the longwaiting feedback particularly in frontalcentral regions the present T0 shows that p not fern reflects highlevel motivated evaluation of waiting cost in such a decisionmaking task | MEDAL |
ropinirole is a modern nonergoline dopamine agonist which has been shown to be ERP as monotherapy as well as ACT against idiopathic parkinsons disease in addition to improving bradykinesia rigor and tremor it will ameliorate the abilities of daily living as well as depressive mood the longterm complications of LD are diminished and the existing complications are reduced a neuroprotective effect is under discussion in addition to parkinsons disease ropinirole is also used successfully in the treatment of restless legs syndrome | MEDAL |
several LA bacteria were isolated from bitter tasting ciders in which glycerol was partially removed the Kd of glycerol via glycerol dehydratase pathway was found in out of isolates the confirmation of glycerol degradation by this pathway was twofold showing their glycerol dehydratase activity and detecting the presence of the corresponding gene by a pcr method propanediol pdl and hydroxypropionic acid hp were the metabolic endproducts of glycerol utilization and theith a nephelometric assay the detection limit was mgdl linearity from mgdl the CSD of hs-CRP showed cases low three cases mild four cases moderate four cases high and three cases highest the occurrence rate of antimitochondria antibody in highsensitivity crp elevated ssc patients was significantly elevated compared with that of highsensitivity crp low ssc patients p these results led us to the conclusion that elevated hs-CRP shows relation to the occurrence of antimitochondria antibody | MEDAL |
from the nisz gene sequence a nonradioactive digoxigeninlabeled dna probe was tested for PCD of nisinproducing strains using polymerase chain reaction amplification the digoxigeninlabeled dna probe clearly discriminated between nisinproducing and nonproducing strains with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity by AGE ng of nisin dna was detected using the digoxigeninlabeled dna probe compared with ng using direct PCR a colony hybridization method using digoxigeninlabeled dna to selectively detect nisinogenic bacteria showed that the nisprobe was specific and did not react with any other nonbacteriocinogenic and nonnisinogenic strains | MEDAL |
objectives to summarise and critically evaluate the evidence from randomised PCTs rcts of tai chi as a treatment for patients with osteoarthritis oa design eleven databases were searched from their inception to july rcts testing tai chi against any type of controls in human patients with oa localised in any joints that assessed any type of clinical outcome measures were considered two reviewers independently performed the selection of the studies data abstraction and validations the risk of bias was assessed using cochrane criteria results nine rcts met the inclusion criteria and most of them had significant methodological weaknesses six rcts tested the effects of tai chi compared with that of an attentioncontrol programme a waiting list and routine care or selfhelp programmes in patients with oa in the knee the metaanalysis suggested that tai chi has favourable effects on pain n standard mean difference smd ci to p i PF n smd ci to p i and joint stiffness n smd ci to p i conclusion the results are encouraging and suggest that tai chi may be ERP in controlling pain and improving PF in patients with oa in the knee however owing to the small number of rcts with a low risk of bias the evidence that tai chi is ERP in patients with oa is limited | MEDAL |
multisystem autoimmune diseases occurring T3 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are infrequent lateonset manifestations that resemble welldefined collagen V1 disorders because the lung is frequently involved in the course of connective tissue disorders we focused on lung manifestations occurring in autoimmune diseases following allo-SCT in the present series we report patients with SLE mixed connective tissue disease sjögren syndrome polymyositis and ancapositive vasculitis who presented with a spectrum of pulmonary manifestations affecting the airways lung parenchyma and probably respiratory muscles we identified different histopathologic patterns of interstitial pneumonia consistent with the underlying autoimmune disorder lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in patients with sjögren syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage in patient with ancapositive vasculitis these lung manifestations had poor prognoses further studies are needed to determine the optimal therapy for these complications | MEDAL |
promoter activity of the flanking region of the pseudorabies virus prv early protein ep gene was analysed by transient transfection assays employing chloramphenicol acetyl GOT cat reporter constructs we identified a bp segment of the viral genome that was capable of efficiently driving expression of the epo gene and a linked reporter gene upon transient transfection into vero cells this segment lacked the typical tata PE and possessed an initiator element and the putative IB sites for the transcription factor sp and immediateearly protein ie a strong transactivator of prv by analysing deletion mutants of the segment a bp segment from nucleotide positions to which possessed three sp IB CS was identified to be critical for the promoter activity cotransfection of vero cells with the mutant constructs and an ie expression plasmid resulted in TA of only those constructs in which the sp sites were present these results indicate that the ep gene may be transcribed from the tataless promoter that responds to sp | MEDAL |
some uk sewage treatment work stw effluents have been found to contain high levels of antiandrogenic activity but the biological significance of this activity to fish has not been determined the aim of this T0 was to investigate the effects of SE to a stw effluent with antiandrogenic activity on the reproductive physiology and behaviour of threespined sticklebacks gasterosteus aculeatus fish were exposed to a stw effluent and vv with a strong antiandrogenic activity ± μgl flutamide equivalent as quantified in a recombinant yeast assay containing the human androgen receptor and a low level of oestrogenic activity ± ngl oestradiol equivalent quantified in a recombinant yeast assay containing the human or for a period of days in a flowthrough system in the laboratory C2 of spiggin an androgenregulated protein were not affecteduring action verb comprehension in congenitally blind and sighted individuals participants made similarity judgments about pairs of nouns and verbs that varied in the visual motion they conveyed blind adults showed the same DP of similarity judgments as sighted adults we identified the left middle temporal gyrus lmtg brain region that putatively stores visualmotion features relevant to action verbs the functional profile and location of this region was MZ in sighted and congenitally blind individuals furthermore the lmtg was more AS for all verbs than nouns irrespective of visualmotion features we conclude that the lmtg contains abstract representations of verb meanings rather than visualmotion images our data suggest that conceptual brain regions are not altered by the sensory modality of learning | MEDAL |
PCTs can be divided into multiple solitary osseous and solitary extraosseousextramedullary plasmacytomas intracranial plasmacytomas of the dura leptomeninx and cerebrum are well known from the literature they are manifestations of multiple myeloma intracranial extramedullary plasmacytoma or M1 disease of extramedullary plasmacytoma in distant locations we describe a cerebellar manifestation of a solitary plasmacytoma of the bone and a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis of a multiple plasmacytoma a summary of the literature concerning intracranial PCTs is given dural manifestations of plasmacytoma have the same features as meningiomas in ct or mri cerebral or cerebellar manifestations cannot be differentiated from brain PT by means of ct or mri in ct PCTs show highdensity lesions twmri reveals a LI lesion in twmri intense homogeneous contrast enhancement can be demonstrated | MEDAL |
the second most common cause of chronic renal failure is glomerulonephritis which is a collective term used for numerous diseases with the common denominator of histological renal inflammation emanating from the glomerular tuft whether all forms of glomerulonephritis should be considered as autoimmune disease is debatable but immune mechanisms are important in all of them this review focuses on four relatively well delineated forms of primary glomerulonephritis goodpastures or antigbm disease iga nephritis membranous nephropathy and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis the autoantibodies are directed either to molecules within the glomeruli such as the glomerular basement membrane in antigbm disease and to the podocytes in membranous glomerulonephritis or to components of the IS such as c convertase in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and iga in iga nephritis differences in diagnostic practices and classification controversies obscure comparative epidemiological studies but there seem to be huge differences between incidence rates between countries and over time both genetic factors and infections seem to matter but strong indications for a role of other environmental factors are still lacking | MEDAL |
the oxygen radical absorbance capacities orac and metal chelating capacities mcc of protein concentrates prepared from buttermilk and cheese whey by UF were compared with those of skim milk protein samples were also heatdenatured and hydrolyzed by pepsin for h followed by trypsin for h the highest mcc was obtained for hydrolyzed SM protein orac values ranged from to μmol trolox equivalentsg protein with the highest value obtained for hydrolyzed buttermilk protein liquidphase isoelectric focusing ief of this hydrolysate yielded peptide fractions with lower orac values lcms analysis of the hydrolyzed skim milk and buttermilk proteins and ief fractions of the latter showed that MMP derived from milk fat globule membrane proteins primarily butyrophilin could be responsible for the superior antioxidant activity of buttermilk these results suggest overall that hydrolyzed buttermilk protein could be used as a source of natural antioxidants | MEDAL |
in a T0 based on a review of all thyroid function tests performed in the funen region in denmark over a threeyear period from jan to dec the annual incidence rates of thyrotoxicosis were found to be for women and for men in both sexes the agespecific rates rose with age an analysis of the geographical CSD of the cases showed a significantly lower incidence rate among women from an urban than from rural areas it is estimated that the lifetime risk of developing thyrotoxicosis is for women and for men and that the prevalence rate of existing and previously diagnosed thyrotoxicosis is for danish women and for danish men | MEDAL |
the effect of recombinant plateletderived growth factor pdgf on both mu and human megakaryocyte colony formation was studied in the plasma clot culture system pdgf significantly stimulates megakaryocyte colony formation in a dosedependent manner the minimum concentration which had a significant stimulating effect on colony forming unit megakaryocyte cfumk was ngml and maximum stimulation occurred at ngml the effect of pdgf was compared with that of interleukin il il granulocytemacrophage colony MSF gmcsf erythropoietin epo and acid fibroblast growth factor afgf on megakaryocyte colony formation the results showed that megakaryocyte GM-CSA of pdgf was slightly higher than those of gmcsf and afgf but lower than those of il il and epo the effect of pdgf in combination with il or il on megakaryocyte colony formation was also investigated no synergistic action was found between pdgf and il or il but an additive effect was observed with il plus il we also studied the effects of pdgf in combination with antiil antiil or antigmcsf antibody the increase of megakaryocyte colony formation induced by pdgf was partially inhibited by antiil or antigmcsf antibody but not by antiil antibody these results indicate that pdgf is a positive regulator for megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro and il and gmcsf may play a role in the mechanism whereby pdgf stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis | MEDAL |
this T0 examined the ability of children with specific language impairment sli ages to yr mon to participate in a negotiation CS with sameage peers in triadic interactions negotiation sequences were analyzed using a system based on selmans interpersonal negotiation strategies ins model selman the negotiation skills of children with sli were compared to those of children matched for CA ca and children of similar language ls abilities participating in the same task children with sli did not produce significantly fewer utterances than the partners with whom they interacted however they did produce a significantly smaller percentage of the negotiation strategies produced by their triads they also used developmentally lower level strategies than either of the partners in their triads children interacting within the ca and ls triads did not produce similar differences | MEDAL |
whole chromosome gain is the most common type of gross genomic abnormality observed in human tumors it is particularly frequent in lymphohaematopoietic and embryonic neoplasms where trisomies and tetrasomies are typically present together with few or no other cytogenetic imbalances resulting in hyperdiploid chromosome numbers despite the high prevalence of whole chromosome gains in neoplastic cells their mechanism of origin remains disputed here potential models for the generation of whole chromosome gains are reviewed loss of chromosomes from the tetraploid level sequential sister chromatid nondisjunction multipolar mitosis coupled to sister chromatid nondisjunction and multipolar mitosis coupled to incomplete cytokinesis each of these mechanisms may in theory result in the generation of hyperdiploid neoplastic clones but none of them were singlehandedly able to reproduce the scenario of chromosome copy number alterations in PT when cell populations resulting from these models were simulated in silico and compared to published cytogenetic data to develop models for the generation of whole chromosome gains further it is critical to improve our knowledge of the principles of clonal selection in tumors and of the baseline rate of chromosome segregation PE in human cells to illustrate this a MM combining multipolar mitosis coupled to incomplete cytokinesis with a low rate of baseline sister chromatid nondisjunction was shown readily to reproduce two years at university department of neurology stroke unit banja luka clinical center in order to assess the safety and efficacy of TT the impact of age sex and risk AF and PET outcome at months of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment according to the national institutes of health stroke scale there were mild moderate and severe stroke cases in the T0 group the outcome measures at months of thrombolytic treatment were taken in patients yielding a functional independent measure score or good clinical outcome in and modified rankin score or good clinical outcome in patients the rate of symptomatic IC hemorrhage in tissue plasminogen activator treated patients was with a mortality rate of the outcomes were comparable with those found in the ninds tpa trial current guidelines recommend a doortoneedle time of less than T2 and emphasize that time is brain | MEDAL |
the ultrasonic diagnosis of salivary gland diseases can give a more accurate information than clinical data CT in diagnosis of the parotid gland diseases it is necessary to differentiate clearly PT from other diseases when a RT is suspected its presence should be confirmed and determined if it is solitary multiple unilateral or bilateral intra or extraglandular and benign or malignant in the period of may to january ultrasound examinations were performed in patients fnab with ultrasound control were performed in patients with a mean age of years the ultrasound and cytologic findings were correlated with surgical and histologic findings results indicate that in patients with solid mass of the salivary gland US confirmed the finding of salivary gland RT in all patients in nonsolid diseases of SGs the diagnostic accuracy was slightly lower the use of ultrasound techniques in the T0 of salivary gland pathology is well justified due to its capacity to provide high resolution and improving clinical diagnosis fnab is a simple quick accurate and virtually complications free investigative modality the data on its ability to distinguish between lesions requiring surgery or not are encouraging | MEDAL |
involvement of glutamate neurotransmission in the differential response of longsleep ls and shortsleep ss mice to acute ethanol was examined by measuring the effect of centrally po glu receptor agonists and antagonists on blood ethanol concentration bec at loss of righting response following intragastric administration of ethanol nmda coinjected with glycine and quinolinic acid qa decreased sensitivity to ethanol in both lines of mice ss mice were more CS to qa than were ls the nmda antagonists aminophosphonovaleric acid apv mk and an inhibitor of glu synthesis Met sulfoximine increased sensitivity to ethanol in both lines of mice mk effects were L1 dependent with ss being more sensitive in addition coinjection of apv mg or zn with qa blocked the decrease in sensitivity seen with qa CT these results demonstrate that nmda agonists and antagonists alter the acute hypnotic response to ethanol in both ls and ss mice and support the hypothesis that ethanol exerts its effects in part by altering glutamatergic neurotransmission | MEDAL |
we have recently demonstrated that longterm consumption of a highfat refinedcarbohydrate hfs diet induces hypertension htn in normal rats compared with a lowfat complexcarbohydrate lfcc diet limited evidence suggests that highfat or highsugar diets cause enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species ros we therefore hypothesized that by inducing oxidative AS the hfs diet may promote nitric oxide no inactivation and htn to test this hypothesis female fischer rats were placed on either the hfs or the lfcc diet starting at months of age blood pressure urinary no metabolites nox and total renal no synthase activity were monitored and the tissue abundance of nitrotyrosine nt which is the SD footprint of no oxidation by ros was determined the hfs diet group exhibited a gradual rise in arterial blood pressure and were hypertensive by months this trend was accompanied by a marked accumulation of nt in all tested tissues an initial rise and a subsequent fall in no synthase activity and a fall in urinary nox excretion the hfs dietfed animals had a blunted blood pressure response to the no synthase inhibitor nomeganitrolarginine methyl ester lname compared with the lfcc diet group which showed a marked hypertensive response to lname lnameinduced htn was reversible with larginine in the lfcc diet group however htn was not corrected by larginine supplementation in the hfs diet group these findings point to enhanced rosmediated inactivation and sequestration of no which may contribute to the reduction of bioactive no and htn in the hfs dietfed animals | MEDAL |
fluorescenceactivated cell sorting was used to isolate independent temperaturesensitive LD lipoprotein ldl receptordeficient chinese hamster ovary cell mutants that define three recessive complementation CG ldle ldlf ldlg ldl receptor activity essentially normal at the permissive temperature degrees c was virtually abolished in the mutants after incubation for h at the nonpermissive temperature degrees c the mutants died T3 incubation for h at degrees c these mutants exhibited two striking and unexpected abnormalities that suggest that they define three genes important for GA vesicular membrane traffic first ldl receptors were degraded abnormally rapidly at the nonpermissive temperature chloroquine inhibited this degradation in ldle and ldlg but not in ldlf in ldle cells the rapid degradation did not require efficient receptor clustering into coated pits and was not observed for all cell surface proteins this selective Kd may be due to endocytic missorting second the mutants exhibited temperaturesensitive defects in the posttranslational processing and intracellular transport of many membraneassociated and secreted proteins including the ldl mannose phosphateinsulinlike growth factor ii and scavenger receptors the VSV-G and decay accelerating factor although the initial synthesis folding and processing of precursor forms of these proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum were apparently normal at the nonpermissive temperature there was either a delay or a block in oligosaccharide processing associated with endoplasmic reticulum to medial golgi transport at the NPT this was accompanied by a dramatic inhibition of total soluble protein secretion the posttranslational processing defects the instability of cell surface ldl receptors and the defective protein secretion exhibited by these mutants suggest that the ldleg gene products regulate or participate in reactions that are vital for a variety of sec and endocytic membrane transport processes this suggestion is strongly supported by our recent observation that a cdna encoding a component of the coatomer epsiloncop corrects the mutant phenotypes of ldlf cells guo q vasile e and krieger m j cell biol thus these mutant cells should prove useful for further genetic and PSA analysis of the mechanisms underlying intracellular membrane traffic | MEDAL |
motorcycle accidents are becoming a public health problem in developing world the objec study we aimed to investigate whether NOX a major rosproducing enzyme was involved in the antioxidant effect of acupuncture on cognitive impairment T3 CBF ischaemia the cognitive CF infract size neuron cell loss level of superoxide anion and expression of nadph oxidase S1 in hippocampus of twovessel occlusion vo rats were determined after week AP furthermore the cognitive CF and production of o were determined in the presence and absence of nadph oxidase agonist tbca and antagonist apocynin the effect of AP on cognitive CF after CBF ischaemia in gpphoxko mice was evaluated by MWM acupuncture reduced infarct size attenuated overproduction of o and reversed consequential cognitive impairment and neuron cell loss in vo rats the elevations of gpphox and pphox after vo were significantly decreased T3 acupuncture treatment however no differences of gpphox mrna were found among any experimental CG furthermore these beneficial effects were reversed by tbca whereas apocynin mimicked the effect of acupuncture by improving cognitive CF and decreasing o generation acupuncture failed to improve the SM impairment in gpphox ko mice full function of the nadph oxidase enzyme plays an important role in neuroprotective effects against cognitive impairment via inhibition of napdh oxidasemediated oxidative stress | MEDAL |
the genome CS of the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima encodes a number of glycosyl hydrolases many of these enzymes have been shown in vitro to degrade specific glycosides that presumably serve as carbon and SE sources for the organism however because of the broad ATP specificity of many glycosyl hydrolases it is difficult to determine the physiological substrate preferences for specific enzymes from biochemical information in this T0 t maritima was grown on a range of PSs including barley betaglucan CM cellulose carob galactomannan KGM and potato ST in all cases significant growth was observed and cell densities reached cellsml RNA blot analyses revealed different substratedependent expression patterns for genes encoding the various endoacting betaglycosidases these patterns ranged from strong expression to no expression under the conditions tested for example cel tm a gene encoding a putative betaspecific endoglucananse was strongly expressed on all substrates tested including ST while no evidence of expression was observed on any substrate for lam tm xyla tm xylb tm and cela tm which are genes that encode a laminarinase two xylanases and an endoglucanase respectively the celb tm gene which encodes an endoglucanase was expressed only on carboxymethyl cellulose an extracellular mannanase encoded by man tm was expressed on carob GM and konjac glucomannan and to a lesser extent on carboxymethyl cellulose an unexpected result was the finding that the cela tm and celb tm genes which encode putative intracellular betaspecific endoglucanases were induced only when t maritima was grown on konja compared to a control group co SE CT increased the baseline CF vs mlming and the contracture magnitude vs improved both contractile recovery vs and ventricular arrhythmia incidence vs and increased the hyperemic CF vs preconditioning after co exposure exacerbated ICM contracture shorter onset and higher magnitude and increased the reactive hyperemia but raised the beneficial effects on contractile REC without alteration of IVT prevention thus coexposed NF could be PC in the same way as normal myocardium | MEDAL |
hypereosinophilia is a common clinical finding and is generally associated with an underlying disease mainly parasitosis atopic disorders drug hypersensitivity and certain solid and haematological malignancies AGA therapeutic management requires ID of the cause through careful CE and various technical investigations occasionally thorough diagnostic workup fails to identify an underlying disorder the term hypereosinophilic syndrome is used when moderate or severe hypereosinophilia is associated with multiorgan involvement indeed whatever its cause when the blood eosinophil level is greater than per microfiter there is a significant risk of complications directly related to the presence of eosinophils in tissues the L1 target organs are the skin lungs digestive system nervous system and the HR reduction of blood eosinophil levels becomes an aim in itself in such cases and recent studies on pathogenesis of hypereosinophilic syndrome have had an impact on the choice of therapeutic agents used to this end imatinib has become first line treatment for a disease variant associated with a somatic mutation involving pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells that generates autonomous tyrosine kinase activity leading to clonal expansion of eosinophils for all other patients GCs remain first choice in case of corticoresistance or if a corticosparing agent is required options include interferonalpha HU or mepolizumab a monoclonal antiil antibody that has recently shown efficacy as a corticosparing agent for hypereosinophilic syndrome in a wellconducted CT | MEDAL |
to investigate the effects of LOS a TPS angiotensin ii receptor blocker on slowing progression of RI in patients with biopsyproven chronic allograft nephropathy can and the molecular mechanism of the therapy | MEDAL |
fibromyalgia syndrome fms is characterized by longstanding multifocal pain with generalized allodyniahyperalgesia there are several treatment methods but none has been specifically approved for this application we conducted a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen hbo therapy in fms hbo group n control group n tender points and pain threshold were assessed before and T3 the first and fifteenth sessions of therapy pain was also scored on a visual CAS vas there was a significant reduction in TP and vas scores and a significant increase in pain threshold of the hbo group after the first and fifteenth therapy sessions there was also a significant difference between the hbo and control CG for all parameters except the vas scores after the first session we conclude that hbo therapy has an important role in managing fms | MEDAL |
isatin its chloro and bromo derivatives have been reacted with nchlorophenylthiazolyl thiosemicarbazide to form schiff bases and the nmannich bases of these EDC were synthesized by reacting them with formaldehyde and three secondary amines their chemical structures have been confirmed by means of ir hnmr data and by elemental analysis investigation of antimicrobial activity of EDC was done by agar dilution method against pathogenic bacteria pathogenic fungi and antihiv activity against replication of hiv iiib in mt cells among the compounds tested nndimethylaminomethylbromo isatinpchlorophenyl thiazolyl thio semicarbazone showed the most favourable antimicrobial activity | MEDAL |
a TPS receptor for progesterone has been found in a cystosarcoma phyllodes as determined by charcoal adsorption and sucrose gradient analysis similar assays for estrogen receptors were negative the tumor consisted almost entirely of stroma that contained the progesterone receptors the epidemiology and natural history of cystosarcoma do not strongly support the hypothesis that it is controlled by female sex hormones but the presence of the progesterone receptors suggests that some cystosarcomas are hormonally regulated and thus may be responsive to therapeutic hormonal manipulation | MEDAL |
changes in the endocochlear potential between the th and th DAB were investigated in the rat initially the potential was low but its magnitude increased rapidly between the th and th day during the th and th days the rate of increase was approximately mvhr the rapid potential increase arose virtually simultaneously in all three turns of the cochlea histological examination revealed the cochlea including the hair cells of cortis organ and the stria vascularis to be fully mature before the period of rapid NC in the endocochlear potential apart from the cells of claudius whose final development coincided with the latter part of this phase the endolymphatic sodium concentration average mequivl had attained the very low adult level in the earliest period studied the potassium and chloride concentrations were slightly below the normal AD levels the result of some degree of GA hypoosmolality present at this time the endolymphatic ionic concentrations remained unchanged during the phase of rapid increase in the endocochlear potential the findings thus indicate that the distinctive endolymphatic ionic composition and the endocochlear potential arise largely independently and in succession during cochlear maturation no differences in osmotic pressure were demonstrated between endolymph perilymph and SS the problems concerning the homoeostasis of the inner ear fluids do not consequently seem to be complicated by unusual hydrodynamic aspects alterations in body fluid osmolality produced by intraperitoneal injection of water or hypertonic glycerol were accompanied by simultaneous changes in the osmotic pressures of the inner ear fluids some portion of the membranes bounding the endolymphatic space is therefore considered to be freely permeable to water the investigations provide no further information about the nature of the EP although an increase in the ER of the cochlear duct CM is thought responsible for its appearance the time relationships of this period support the concept that the potential is an essential feature of the mechanoelectric transduction process | MEDAL |
although many pregnant drugdependent women report extensive criminal justice involvement few studies have examined reductions in crime as an outcome of substance abuse treatment programs for Pr women this is unfortunate because maternal criminal involvement can have serious health and cost implications for the unborn child the mother and society using the addiction severity index differences in pre and posttreatment criminal involvement were measured for a sample of Pr women who entered publicly funded treatment programs in massachusetts between and accepted cost of illness methods were supplemented with information from the bureau of justice statistics to estimate the costs and benefits of five treatment modalities detoxification only used as a minimal treatment comparison group MTD only residential only OP only and residentialoutpatient combined projected to a year the net benefits avoided costs of crime net of treatment costs ranged from us for residential only to us for detoxification although all five modalities paid for themselves by reducing criminal activities multivariate regressions controlling for baseline differences between the CG showed that reductions in crime and related costs were significantly greater for women in the two residential programs the T0 provides economic justification for the continuation and possible expansion of residential SAT programs for criminally involved Pr women | MEDAL |
this T0 was designed to assess the effectiveness of a timololbendrofluazide combination prestim in mild to moderate essential hypertension in patients not achieving control of blood pressure on a variety of drugs used alone or in combination methyldopa diuretics betablockers etc NT diastolic blood pressure less than mm hg was achieved in sixtyeight out of eightyfour patients with a mean daily dose of tablets seven patients stopped therapy because of adverse reactions and eight patients did not respond to the Dmax of four tablets daily one other patient initially controlled on two tablet daily was uncontrolled at the final assessment the changeover from previous therapy to prestim was easily managed and no reports of metabolic disturbance were received prestim proved an effective alternative in patients not responding satisfactorily to other antihypertensive therapies | MEDAL |
plasma ge protein sequesters actin released into the circulation after massive hepatocyte CN but is greatly depleted in the process in fulminant hepatic failure fhf gc is present in serum both as a complex with actin and as unbound protein the latter becoming completely exhausted in those patients with the most severe fhf in the present study consecutive patients with fhf of whom were the result of acetaminophen ac overdose were evaluated to determine whether measurement of gc protein C2 could be used to predict survival using SS samples obtained shortly after admission as well as later samples C2 for total gc protein percentage of gc complexed with actin and calculated unbound gc remaining in SS were compared for survivors and those who died of their illness the most marked changes were present in unbound gc C2 in nonsurvivors the mean of which for followup samples was of normal mean values as compared with of normal mean values in those who survived p using a cutoff value for unbound gc protein of or microgramsml to predict survival outcome was correctly predicted in of patients using early samples and in of patients using later sera no differences were observed between values andor outcome in ac and nonac cases measurement of gc protein level correctly predicted all patients dying of hepat myopia if the QTc visual acuity of the myopic eye or the eye with higher degree of myopia in a case is not below rk T0 is indicated and if the anisometropia is lower than d postoperatively binocular single vision may be recovered the preoperative examination of myopic anisometropia the method of predicting prognosis and some attention points in the treatment are also mentioned in the paper | MEDAL |
an analysis of the experience with surgical treatment of more than patients with infectious endocarditis has shown the necessity to isolate pyoseptic cardiosurgery into an independent L1 the arguments are the specificity of the contingent of patients special features of diagnosing operative technique and period of rehabilitation sanitizing regimen of the artificial blood circulation and others the organizational aspect includes the necessity of AS surgical tactics in treatment of pyosurgical foci of cardiac localization successful treatment of this category of patients can be performed due to the availability of special antiseptic centers which must closely cooperate with cardiosurgical departments functioning in the regimen of emergency diagnostics and CS | MEDAL |
brains of growth hormone gh and prolactin prldeficient ames dfdf and snell dwdw dwarf mice and normal mice of the same strains were examined for catecholamine ca histofluorescence with particular emphasis upon the hypothalamic TI a arcuate nucleusmedian eminence region which plays a role in the regulation of both gh and prl dwarfs and normal animals of both types also were treated with a drug regimen to deplete sequentially neuronal ca stores reserpine inhibit ca oxidation nialamide and load DA a cells with exogenous transmitter norepinephrine in order to test viability and axonal transport capacity of a neurons in both types of dwarfs compared with normals fluorescence was markedly reduced in the zona externa of the ME which is normally rich in terminals from a SN fluorescence in the median eminence was particularly weak in ames dwarfs and a perikarya were difficult to discern in this group snell dwarfs showed reduced fluorescence of a perikarya when compared with the brightly fluorescent perikarya seen in NM in supraoptic and PVH nuclei and in the zona interna of the median eminence ca fluorescence attributable to ne was comparable among dwarfs and normals fluorescence of DA perikarya in substantia nigra was also unaffected in dwarfs exogenously administered ne effected enhanced fluorescence of a perikarya in normal mice and in snell dwarfs ne treatment in the ames dw however failed to increase significantly the faint fluorescence of a cell bodies the results indicate that dopaminergic a SN in snell dwarf mice are present and viableabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the human transporter associated with antigen processing tap translocates antigenic MMP from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen the functional unit of tap is a heterodimer composed of the tap and tap subunits both of which are members of the abctransporter family abctransporters are atpdependent pumps channels or receptors that are composed of four modules two nucleotidebinding domains nbds and two transmembrane domains tmds although the tmds are rather divergent in CS the nbds are conserved with respect to structure and CF interestingly the nbd of tap contains mutations at CAA positions that have been proposed to be essential for catalytic activity instead of a glu proposed to act as a GA base tap contains an aspartate and a glutamine instead of the conserved histidine which has been suggested to act as the linchpin we used this degeneration to evaluate the individual contribution of these two amino acids to the atpase activity of the engineered tapnbd mutants based on our results a catalytic hierarchy of these two fundamental amino acids in atp hydrolysis of the mutated tap motor domain was deduced | MEDAL |
this clinicopathologic T0 concerns cases of extraskeletal ewings sarcoma including electronmicroscopic examination of one case in three patients autopsy was done the age of the patients ranged from to years with a median of years the tumors mainly arose in the soft tissues of the trunk cases and the lower extremity cases histologically they were made up of closely packed uniform small cells arranged in sheets separated by strands of fibrovascular stroma the tumor cells had round to oval nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and scanty illdefined cytoplasm almost invariably containing a fair amount of diastasedigested paspositive material ultrastructurally the RT cells were composed principally of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and contained prominent pools of glycogen in the cytoplasm aggregates of intermediate filaments were seen in a perinuclear location these light and electronmicroscopic findings are indistinguishable from those of ewings sarcoma of the bone differential points from other softtissue small round cell sarcomas such as malignant neuroepithelioma IP neuroblastoma embryonal or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma were briefly discussed | MEDAL |
newborns affected by congenital DH cdh are highrisk patients today the mortality is still elevated and is essentially due to severe PH pulmonary hypertension and the absence of SF highfrequency oscillatory ventilation hfov seems to be a good pre and postoperative technique in cases of cdh | MEDAL |
myocardial bridges mb are commonly seen on coronary ct angiography ccta in asymptomatic individuals but in patients with recurrent typical angina PS yet no obstructive PD disease cad evaluation of their potential hemodynamic significance is clinically relevant the aim of this study was to compare ccta to invasive coronary angiography ica including IVUS ivus to confirm mb morphology and estimate their functional significance in symptomatic patientsmethods and resultswe retrospectively identified patients from our clinical databases between and in whom the suspicion for mb was raised by PS of recurrent typical angina in the absence of significant obstructive cad on ica all patients underwent ccta ica and ivus mb length and depth by ccta agreed well with length ± mm and depth ct coverage as seen on ivus the product of ct length and depth ct coverage mb muscle index mmi ⥠predicted an abnormal diastolic fractional flow reserve dffr ⤠with a sensitivity and specificity of and respectively area under the curve | MEDAL |
here we describe preparatory techniques adapted for the T0 of proteins of inner ear tissues and fluids that have allowed us to apply stateoftheart analytical techniques in spite of the minute size and anatomical complexities of this organ illustrative examples address unresolved issues of PET and clinical significance first we demonstrate how quickfreezing and freeze drying prevents artifacts that arise from sampling endolymphatic sac es content in the liquid state this set the stage for the generation of the first protein profile of the es ID of crucial proteins will help elucidate mechanisms of endolymph volume regulation and pathogenesis of menieres disease second we show how a unique situation allowed identification of otoconial proteins by MS analysis without prior separation and we discuss possible roles for these minor otoconins in otoconial OD and prevention of degenerative diseases that affect balance finally we demonstrate techniques for the precise dissection of OC and its substructures while preserving their near normal chemical state we D2 an earlier study in which we identified a novel calciumbinding protein by ief oncomodulin localized in the outer hair cells and show here the applicability of prefractionation for the screening of calciumbinding proteins of OC these studies demonstrate how advanced preparatory and analytical techniques can be applied to studies of the inner ear | MEDAL |
this study indicated that human normal rectum hnr and human rectum carcinoma hrc contained three populations of proteoglycans pgs about of the hnr pgs in terms of uronic acid were heparan sulfate proteoglycans hspgs of mr with hs sidechains of mr the other two populations were versican and decorin of mr and respectively bearing mainly dermatan sulfate ds and chondroitin sulfate cs chains of mr and respectively in contrast in terms of uronic acid hrc contained fold amounts of pgs the majority of these pgs were versican and decorin of lower hydrodynamic size and respectively than in hnr with cs as prominent gag in both types of pg the mr of cs and ds chains in these pgs was and respectively the remaining portion of pg was hspgs of lower hydrodynamic size with smaller HS chains than hspgs of hnr moreover the molar concentrations of versican and decorin estimated from pgderived protein contents represented a significant but disproportionate increase about fold and fold respectively the sulfation DP of rectum carcinomaassociated versican and decorin was significantly altered mainly in containing sulfated disaccharides and a significant proportion of nonsulfated disaccharides ds chains of the tumorassociated versican and decorin contained decreased amounts of iduronic acid on the metabolic level the abnormally high production of versican and decorin in this malignant tumor suggests a dramatic modification in their biosynthetic steps at both translational and posttranslational levels | MEDAL |
plasma from women taking combined oral contraceptives and coldactivated plasma contain proteases which cleave chromogenic substrates in protein c assays in the absence of protein c activators such as protac this SA makes a background substraction necessary and makes protein c pc assays less accurate we investigated two commonly used substrates gluproargpna s and acohhdlyscboproargpna pc substrate and found that coldactivated normal and protein cdeficient plasmas gave absorbance values up to times higher than buffer blanks fxia cleaves these substrates but activity was not blocked by corn or lima bean TR inhibitors soy bean TR inhibitor sbti hirudin or epsilonaminoncaproic acid eaca kaolin activation of normal fxi fix fviii fvii and protein cdeficient but not of fxii or prekallikrein pkkdeficient plasmas led to cleavage of chromogenic substrate for protein c the protein c substrates were cleaved by purified kallikrein and alpha and betafxiia immunoabsorption with alpha macroglobulin alpha m antibodies removed of the alpha m and of the activity on pc substrate gel filtration of normal plasma on sephadex g gave a single peak of protein c activity and antigen in the included volume after cold activation of the fractions a second protein clike peak appeared in the Vo but with no detectable protein c antigen this peak coincided with alpha m chromogenic and elisa and plasma kallikrein s but fxii measured with a substrate insensitive to kallikrein eluted separatelyabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
two groups of antifeedant triterpene glycosides were identified from the caribbean sponge erylus formosus the structure of formoside b a novel nacetyl amino derivative of the known penasterol tetrasaccharide formoside was elucidated using nmr and mass spectral data four triterpene hexasaccharides and two triterpene trisaccharides characterized by a carbon aglycone proved difficult to isolate and therefore only the structure of their aglycone was determined gas chromatographic analysis of derivatized saccharides from these mixtures established the carbohydrate content of these compounds all of the triterpene glycosides isolated contributed to the chemical defenses of this sponge although with differing activities | MEDAL |
we observed a temporary rise in the percentage of HbF hbf in small preterm infants after cessation of frequent replacement transfusions we prospectively studied very low birthweight infants who received frequent transfusions in the first several weeks of life to determine the influence on oxygen affinity p after cessation of frequent transfusions those infants whose hbf increased to the highest values mean had a lower P50 p torr p less than than the remaining infants whose increase in hbf was less marked to an average of only p torr however in CS of the small difference in p we feel that a rise in hbf by itself T3 a period of frequent transfusions is unlikely to restrict oxygen delivery except under stressful conditions | MEDAL |
propionic acidemia is a frequent inborn error of metabolism methylcitric acid a key indicator of PA increases in the amniotic fluid of affected fetuses for prenatal diagnosis the methylcitric acid in amniotic fluid can be measured by stableisotope dilution gcms here we quantified this indicator in samples of amniotic fluid that had been dried on filter paper and transported at ambient temperatures and compared the results with data obtained from the original amniotic fluid we then used the filterpaper method to screen atrisk fetuses and obtained a clearcut diagnosis in each case | MEDAL |
diazinon is an organophosphate opbased anticholinesterase insecticide that irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and produces cholinergic stimulation in CNS system cns and IP tissues our laboratory has found that ops administered orally in rats induce a transient period of hypothermia followed by a delayed fever that persists for several days after SE there is little information on the thermoregulatory effects of diazinon core temperature tc and MA ma were monitored by radiotelemetry in male and female rats of the longevans CS dosed orally with diazinon cornoil vehicle or mgkg in males and or mgkg in females there was a dosedependent decrease in tc during the first night T3 treatment with females exhibiting slightly greater sensitivity than males ma was unaffected in females exposed to diazinon at doses of to mgkg ma of males was reduced during the first night after dosing with mgkg there was a delayed elevation in tc of males dosed with and mgkg and females dosed with and mgkg diazinon the elevated tc was only manifested during d and after diazinon administration of mgkg sodium salicylate to females h after being treated with mgkg diazinon led to a rapid abatement of the fever diazinon doses of to mgkg led to to inhibition in plasma cholinesterase che activity h after dosing and females displayed a significantly slower recovery of che activity compared to males when compared on a molar basis the hypothermic response to diazinon was relatively small compared to other ops such as chlorpyrifos the delayed fever and efficacy of sodium salicylate to block diazinoninduced fever are similar to the effects of ops chlorpyrifos and diisopropyl fluorophosphate dfp | MEDAL |
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