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despite the fact that all new anticonvulsants have undergone extensive pharmacokinetic scrutiny prior to their introduction to the market the opportunity to perform good prospective studies on their concentrationeffect relationship has been largely missed in some cases deliberately because therapeutic drug monitoring tdm is considered unfavourable for the marketing of a new drug however there are reasons to believe that tdm may play a useful role in maximising the therapeutic potential of new anticonvulsants in fact these drugs have a narrow TI careful individualisation of dosage to optimise response is required and inter and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability may translate into differences in dosage requirements the wide interindividual variability in the serum concentrations at which therapeutic and toxic effects of these drugs are observed does not necessarily imply that tdm cannot be useful indeed a marked pharmacodynamic variability has also been reported for all the currently monitored older anticonvulsants the new anticonvulsants which based on their properties are particularly attractive candidates for tdm include lamotrigine topiramate tiagabine zonisamide and FBM however in the absence on sound information on the target concentration ranges of these drugs the routine concentration monitoring of these drugs cannot be recommended despite this serial measurements of SS drug concentrations may be useful in selected patients especially those suspected of poor compliance and those in whom pharmacokinetic changes caused by disease or administration of concomitant medication are anticipated even in the presence of marked interindividual pharmacodynamic variability it is often possiuencies respectively of and in tuvinians and and in buryats the frequency of the avaii variant was in tuvinians and in buryats analysis of the association between the region v deletioninsertion polymorphism and certain restriction haplogroups pointed to repeated and independent emergence of the bp IS in siberia | MEDAL |
to examine cardiovascular cv health in a C1 cohort of individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury sci the cv health parameters of patients were compared based on american spinal injury association impairment scale ais neurologic level sex central cord syndrome age time since injury NM recovery scale and total ais motor score | MEDAL |
recent technological advances have led to the construction of a truly wearable artificial kidney wak this device offers the promise of regulation of volume status and provision of adequate solute Cl while at the same time allowing its user to receive continuous therapy while going on with the normal activities of daily life an important component of such a therapy is the ability to remotely monitor the treatment this remote monitoring allows assurance of patient safety through surveillance of critical portions of the treatment as well as the ability to monitor compliance with prescribed therapy and automated collection of treatment data recent advances in telemedicine telemonitoring remote network access and sensor technologies have made such remote monitoring of the wak feasible furthermore experience with remote monitoring for nocturnal hemodialysis which shares some similarities with the needs of the wak for monitoring cs may be a nonrandom abnormality in some cases of sefwe present an example of a rare fuspositive sef that arose in the floor of mouth of a year old male LM exhaustive immunohistology and fish examination showing chromosome rearrangement using the fus breakapart probe led to an erroneous diagnosis of lgfms with giant collagen rosettes an outside expert agreed with that diagnosis citing the fish results as confirmatory upon review almost years later T3 local recurrence the classic histopathologic features of sef were noted instead this example suggests that at least a subset if not most examples of sef are part of the lgfms family of neoplasms and reiterates the value of careful histologic examination in an age of increasingly sophisticated and presumably specific molecular results | MEDAL |
purpose the purpose of this study was to compare quantitative DTI metrics in dogs affected with a MM of krabbe disease to agematched normal controls we hypothesized that fractional anisotropy would be decreased and radial diffusivity would be increased in the krabbe dogs methods we used a highly reproducible regionofinterest interrogation technique to measure fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in three different VWM regions within the IC and centrum semiovale in four krabbe affected brains and three agematched normal control brains results despite all four krabbe dogs manifesting pelvic limb paralysis at the time of death agedependent differences in dti metrics were observed in the and week old krabbe dogs fa values unexpectedly increased and rd values decreased fa values were generally higher and rd values generally lower in both regions of the internal capsule in the krabbe brains during this period fa values in the BB from the week old krabbe dog decreased and were lower than in control brains and rd values increased and were higher than in control brain conclusion our findings suggest that fa and rd in the IC and centrum semiovale are affected differently at different ages despite disease having progressed to pelvic limb paralysis in all dogs evaluated in and week old krabbe dogs higher fa values and lower rd values are seen in the IC however in the week old krabbe dog lower fa and higher rd values are seen consistent with previous observations in krabbe dogs as well as observations in human krabbe patients | MEDAL |
a molecular beacon mblike dna hairpin biosensor based on the reversible directing fluorescence of hoechst dyes was developed for FL PCD of hg and biothiols and furthermore for logic operation | MEDAL |
BL radiofrequency lesions were stereotaxically placed in the rostral hypothalamus of four AD female Rh monkeys these lesions resulted in extensive destruction of the ventromedial PO/AH area poaaha and included the SCN nucleus as well as with the exception of one animal the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in three of these four animals gonadotropin surges similar to those observed before surgery were elicited in response to either a s AS to human lymphoid cells retained its capacity to precipitate lymphocyte betam T3 absorption with isolated betam on an immunosorbent column showing that lymphocyte betam is complexed to other molecules no free betam was found on lymphocytes when examined against the absorbed AS to human lymphoid cells in an intermediate gel and antibetam in a REF gel | MEDAL |
physically refined rice bran oil containing nontriglyceride components as compared to other vegetable oils appears to be associated with lipid lowering and antiinflammatory properties in several rodent primate and human models these experiments were designed to investigate possible mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of the physically refined RB oil and to examine its effect on aortic fatty streak formation in the first experiment hamsters were fed for weeks chowbased diets plus added cholesterol and wtwt coconut canola or physically refined RB oil coco canola or prbo animal groups respectively both plasma total cholesterol tc and MDA-LDL cholesterol ldlc were significantly reduced in prbo but not in canola relative to coco prbo also showed a significant reduction in cholesterol absorption and significant increase in neutral sterol ns excretion with no effect on bile acid ba excretion both canola and prbo showed a significant increase in intestinal hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a hmgcoa reductase and significant decrease in hepatic hmgcoa reductase MICs with respect to coco in a second experiment hamsters were fed chowbased diets with added cholesterol CO and additional coco canola or prbo relative to coco and canola plasma tc and ldlc were significantly reduced in prbo early atherosclerosis fatty streak formation was significantly reduced only in prbo relative to the other two these results suggest that the lipid lowering found in prbo is associated with decreased cholesterol absorption but not hepatic cholesterol synthesis and that the decrease in fatty streak formation with this oil may be associated with its nontriglyceride components not present inand whose temporal influence is cumulative and transcends the annual variations in nitrogen loading the VL year is negatively correlated with the tntp ratio in a way that suggests n not p has become more important as a factor limiting phytoplankton growth in the last years nitrogen in particular nitratenitrite and not phosphorus dissolved silicate or their molar ratios appears to be the major driving factor influencing the size of the hypoxic zone on this shelf this conclusion is consistent with crosssystem analyses that conclude that the tntp ratio in the mississippi river currently fluctuating around is indicative of nitrogen not phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth nutrient management that places stronger emphasis on reducing nitrogen loading as compared to phosphorus loading is justified | MEDAL |
the primary object of this experiment was to evaluate the potential role of the antioxidants selenium and VE in the antitumour defence of miconomical storage advantage in british and us reports from the TFA were more or less acquitted of unhealthy effects during the last years however a series of new studies has been published regarding both the connection between the consumption of trans fatty acids and the occurrence of coronary HR disease and the impact on the lipoprotein level in plasma studies suggest that the consumption of trans fatty acids from margarine is equally or perhaps more responsible for the development of AS than saturated fatty acids in addition it is now clear that both the fetus and the breastfed baby are exposed to trans fatty acids in relation to the mothers consumption a couple of recent studies suggest a possible restrictive influence of the trans fatty acids on the weight of the fetus the average consumption of trans fatty acids from margarine in denmark in was approximately gday per person for about adult danes the consumption is assumed to be more than gday per person on this basis the danish nutrition council recommend that the consumption of trans fatty acids is reduced as much as possible this can be done by reducing the fat content in food and by reducing the trans fatty acid content in all danish margarine products to or less thereafter the group of AD danes including Pr and breastfeeding women with a large consumption of margarine and margarinecontaining products will on average only consume g of vegetable trans fatty acidsday this corresponds to the consumption in the lowrisk CG in the abovementioned epidemiological studies in addition the danish nutrition council encourage the producers of margarines to make products that can be marketed as free of TFA | MEDAL |
oxytocin reportedly decreases anxious feelings in humans and may therefore have therapeutic value for anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic AS disorder ptsd as ptsd patients have exaggerated startle responses a fearpotentiated startle paradigm in rats may have face validity as an rat to examine the efficacy of oxytocin in treating these symptoms oxytocin or μg subcutaneously was given either min before CFC immediately T3 fear conditioning or min before fearpotentiated startle testing to assess its effects on acquisition consolidation and expression of conditioned fear respectively startle both in the presence and absence of the fearconditioned CS was significantly diminished by oxytocin when po at acquisition consolidation or expression there was no specific effect of oxytocin on light fearpotentiated startle in an additional experiment oxytocin had no effects on acoustic startle without previous fear conditioning further in a contextconditioned test previous lightshock fear conditioning did not increase acoustic startle during testing when the fearconditioned CS was not presented the data suggest that oxytocin did not diminish cuespecific conditioned nor contextually CS fear but reduced background anxiety this suggests that oxytocin has unique effects of decreasing background anxiety without affecting learning and memory of a specific traumatic event oxytocin may have antianxiety properties that are particularly germane to the hypervigilance and exaggerated startle typically seen in ptsd patients | MEDAL |
singleunit and multiunit activities were recorded from dorsal column nuclei of anesthetized rats in order to T0 the characteristics of the oscillatory activity expressed by these cells and their neuronal interactions on the basis of their firing rate characteristics in spontaneous conditions two types of dorsal column nuclei cell have been identified lowfrequency cells were silent or displayed a low FR spikess and were identified as thalamicprojecting neurons because they were activated antidromically by ML stimulation highfrequency cells were characterized by higher discharge rates spikess none of them was antidromically G1 by medial lemniscus stimulation lowfrequency SN showed a nonrhythmic discharge DP spontaneously which became rhythmic under sensory stimulation of their receptive fields of cases hz all highfrequency SN showed a rhythmic discharge pattern at hz either spontaneously or during sensory stimulation of their receptive fields the shift predictor analysis indicated that oscillatory activity is not phaselocked to the CS- onset in either type of cell although the CS- can reset the phase of the rhythmic activity of highfrequency cells crosscorrelograms between pairs of lowfrequency neurons typically revealed synchronized rhythmic activity when the overlapping receptive fields were stimulated rhythmic synchronization of highfrequency discharges was rarely observed spontaneously or under sensory stimulation highfrequency neuronal firing could be correlated with the lowfrequency neuronal activity or more often with the multiunit activity during sensory stimulation moreover the presence of oscillatory activity modulated the sensory responses of DCN cells favoring their responses these findings indicate that thalamicprojecting and nonprojecting SN in DCN tions with PNs the principal SO neuron of the cerebellum during a search for genes that function in this process we identified a RET discoidin domain receptor ddr expressed in granule cells throughout their development overexpression of a dominantnegative form of ddr in immature granule cells results in severe reduction of neurite outgrowth in vitro in dissociated primary SC and in vivo in organotypic slices of neonatal cerebellum granule cells that fail to extend axons are positive for differentiation markers such as tag and the neuronspecific class iii betatubulin suggesting that OD is affected after granule cells commit to terminal differentiation ddr activation appears to be mediated by its ligand collagen which is localized to the pial SL of the developing cerebellum thereby leading to granule cell parallel fiber extension our results therefore indicate that collagenddr signaling is essential for granule neuron axon formation and further suggest a unique role of pia in cerebellar SC histogenesis | MEDAL |
steroidsparing strategies have been attempted during the last two decades in order to avoid morbidity in kidney transplant recipients previous systematic reviews of steroid withdrawal Tx have shown significant increases in acute AAR and an increase in GF rates steroid avoidance in kidney transplantation is increasingly attempted and the possible benefits or harms have never been a subject of a SR | MEDAL |
primary hyperaldosteronism ph resulting in hypokalaemic hypertension may be due to an aldosteroneproducing adenoma apa or BL zona glomerulosa PH six patients with suspected ph were identified at the UH of the west indies and standardized screening was carried out plasma renin activity pra and SA concentrations sac were measured followed by confirmatory intravenous saline suppression test the patients were all women of median age years IQ range iqr years they tended to be overweight with suboptimal blood pressure control median SK was mmoll iqr mmoll and kaliuresis was elevated or inappropriately normal all individuals had suppressed pra ngmlhr and elevated sac ngdl with sacpra ratios five patients had confirmed ph ie postsaline sac ngdl ph could not be definitely excluded in the sixth patient ie postsaline sac ngdl imaging studies revealed normal adrenal PG in one patient unilateral adrenal enlargement in three patients and unilateral adrenal masses in two patients only one of these latter two patients was shown to have an adrenal adenoma on histological examination in this series there appears to be fewer cases of the apa subtype of ph than expected it remains to be seen whether the CSD of ph subtypes in jamaica is actually different from elsewhere this and the costeffectiveness of different approaches to screening identification and management of patients suspected of having ph in jamaica are Az for further T0 | MEDAL |
the escherichia coli hemolysin hlya and pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin lkta are cytolytic toxins encoded by genes belonging to the recently described rtx gene family these cytotoxins are respectively and amino acids in length and are encoded by genes within identically organized operons they share amino acid sequence identities but differ in their target cell specificities in vitroderived recombinant hybrid genes between hlya and lkta were constructed by using restriction endonuclease CS created by oligonucleotide sitedirected mutagenesis the cytolytic activity of hybrid proteins was investigated using as targets sheep erythrocytes and two cultured cell lines from different species bl bovine leukemiaderived b lymphocytes and raji human bcell lymphoma cells hlya is cytolytic to all three cell types lkta lyses only bl cells among the hybrid proteins displaying cytolytic activity the striking finding is that the hemolytic activity of several lktahlya hybrids was independent of any cytolytic activity against either cultured cell species the hemolytic activity was associated with the hlya region between amino acids and structures that are critical for hlya cytolytic activity against bl or raji cells were destroyed when lktahlya and hlyalkta hybrids were made respectively at CAA positions and of hlya in contrast to hlya which lysed the two different cultured cell lines with equal efficiency lkthlya hybrids possessing the aminoterminal residues of lkta lysed bl cells more efficiently than raji cells this suggests that a significant but not exclusive element of the lkta ruminant cell specificity resides in the aminoterminal onefifth of the protein a molecular MM of the functional domains of hlya and lkta is presented | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to determine whether cortical evoked potentials ceps can define neurophysiological patterns in IBS ibs in this prospective T0 of consecutive patients attending AA and tertiary centers patients with rome iidefined ibs underwent rectal sensory and pain threshold rst and rpt respectively testing with electrical stimulation on three separate visits ceps were collated for pain thresholds and anxiety spielberger statetrait anxiety inventory sstai questionnaires were completed subjects were ibs patients female mean age yr and HCs female mean age yr at visit rpt was significantly lower mean ci in ibs patients than in control subjects ma vs ma p no significant differences were observed in cep latencies and amplitudes between visits and within each group except p latency for controls p and n latency p and n amplitude p for ibs patients group comparisons showed significant differences in day mean rpt cep amplitudes and cep latencies between ibs patients and controls rpt ma and p RL ms were identified four ibs subgroups were hypersensitive were hypervigilant were hyposensitive and exhibited normal p latency and pain threshold ceps are reliable and reproducible measures of early sensory processing identification of four ibs neurophysiological patterns highlights its heterogeneous nature these findings mark the first step toward personalized medicine in ibs whereby therapy may be directed at the underlying physiological process | MEDAL |
patients with endobrachyesophagus barretts oesophagus and highgrade dysplasia are at high risk of developing adenocarcinoma within to years esophagectomy carries a risk of major morbidity and mortality local treatments photocoagulation and endoscopic mucosectomy are currently under DUE marketing authorisation has been granted for a PDT based on intravenous porfimer injection and laser illumination of the lesion in a randomised trial comparing porfimer photodynamic therapy plus omeprazole with omeprazole CT patients were monitored for at least years there was no difference in mortality between the groups thirteen percent of patients on combination treatment developed adenocarcinoma stage not specified compared to of patients treated with omeprazole alone p nearly half the patients had PS of photosensitization and had oesophageal contraction requiring at least dilation session in practice despite some encouraging results we do not know if photodynamic therapy based on porfimer reduces the longterm risk of recurrence invasive carcinoma or major surgery however there is a risk of serious adverse effects porfimer photodynamic therapy needs to be compared with other endoscopic interventions | MEDAL |
amino CG sulfhydryl groups or oxidationinduced aldehydes on EM proteins andor glycoproteins were reacted with biotinyl nhydroxysuccinimide ester bnhs nmaleimidopropionyl biocytin mpb or biocytin hydrazide bchz respectively the detergentlysed biotinylated samples were subjected to sdspolyacrylamide gel PACE and the proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes the blot was then incubated with a solution containing istreptavidin and processed for autoradiography the advantages of this RPA over previously reported procedures for labeling the three PET groups include the following extremely high sensitivity short SE times of autoradiograms and relatively low C2 of radioactivity singlestep radiolabeling procedures subsequent to processing and handling of gels and no BG labeling in control samples | MEDAL |
prolyl endopeptidase is a proteolytic enzyme which could have a neuropeptide catabolising role in the CNS system although prolyl endopeptidase has been described as a cytosolic enzyme it has become clear that it can also be found in particulate form the regional and subcellular distribution of this enzyme was evaluated in rat and human brain the activity of the enzyme was higher in the human than in the rat brain in the human brain the activity levels of both soluble and particulate prolyl endopeptidase were the highest in FC parietal and occipital cortices and the lowest in the cerebellum in the rat BB the regional CSD of the enzyme was more homogeneous the activity in all the areas of the CE NS is higher than in IP tissues subcellular CSD of the enzyme in the BB indicates that prolyl endopeptidase was higher in the cytosolic fraction than in the particulate fractions the particulate form was enriched in the synaptosomal and the myelinic membranes the high activity of prolyl endopeptidase in the human cortex suggests that prolyl endopeptidase could play a role in the functions of this brain area | MEDAL |
the tau of topical glucocorticosteroids in rhinitis and asthma is likely to depend on drug PR in the airway mucosa with fluticasone propionate retention may be achieved exclusively by lipophilicity whereas for budesonide an additional possibility may be provided by its ability to form fatty acid esters in the airway mucosa that PR the active drug the aim of the prthan nonresponders in comparison with nonresponders NR showed trends toward greater impedance and treatment at a somewhat greater degree above threshold during the first few treatments threshold change with treatment was found not to be related to clinical outcome early ID of patients likely to respond to lowdose right unilateral ect together with the avoidance of benzodiazepine prescription during ect may permit many patients to receive lowdose RA unilateral ect successfully and with a minimum of cognitive impairment | MEDAL |
the diaphragm is a flat muscle that divides the thoracic and ABD cavities and it is one of the most important muscles involved in QO2 traumas of the diaphragm include its rupture caused by an external force resulting in blunt or penetrating injuries diaphragmatic rupture is associated with the risk of a prolapse ie not a typical hernia of ABD organs into the pleural cavity the rupture may occur due to a blunt injury of the chest or abdomen or due to penetrating injuries gunshots stab wounds foreign bodies in the lower part of the chest and epigastrium ruptures never heal spontaneously and always require suture of the DIA defect most acute rupture cases are managed using LAP thoracotomy is preferred for lately recognised ruptures to facilitate the removal of adhesions in the thoracic cavity developed between the diaphragmatic defect and a lung thirty one patients with DIA rupture were operated at the rd department of surgery of the st faculty of medicine charles university and university hospital motol between and acute rupture was present in of the cases and chronic in rightsided rupture was found in and leftsided in | MEDAL |
three monoclonal antibodies have been raised against partially purified band polypeptides steck j cell biol from pig ghosts the antibodies were capable of binding to both intact pig erythrocytes and proteindepleted membrane S9 and recognized detergentsolubilized polypeptides from AD and neonatal pig erythrocytes that were photolabelled with ghnitrobenzylthioinosine nbmpr a potent TPS inhibitor of nucleoside transport the antibodies did not recognize polypeptides from neonatal pig erythrocytes that were photolabelled with the glucosetransport inhibitor hcytochalasin b CR with polypeptides of apparent mr wv acrylamide gels was demonstrated by westernblot analysis the antibodies recognized pig band polypeptides after prolonged treatment with endoglycosidase f a finding consistent with reactivity against polypeptide rather than carbohydrate determinants trypsin digestion of nbmprlabelled proteindepleted pig ghosts generated two labelled polypeptide fragments mr and two of the antibodies recognized both fragments on western blots whereas the third bound to the larger but not to the smaller fragment the antibodies had no significant effect on reversible binding of nbmpr to proteindepleted pig EA membranes and did not bind to nbmprlabelled polypeptides in human rabbit or mouse erythrocytes | MEDAL |
tcmtetrofosmin imaging was performed in TC patients and compared with wholebody i scans neck ultrasonography and plasma thyroglobulin C2 of patients with differentiated TC showed MZ images on i scan and tetrofosmin patient with medullary CA had identical images with tcmdmsa and tcmtetrofosmin the findings being confirmed by sonography the potential usefulness of tcmtetrofosmin imaging in the followup of thyroid cancers is discussed | MEDAL |
accelerated atherosclerosis and V1 calcification are common in chronic haemodialysis hd patients in this T0 we aimed to investigate the relationship between left VVI hypertrophy lvh in hd patients and atherosclerosis and vascular calcification measured by electron beam computed tomography ebct | MEDAL |
we have studied the presence and state of human papillomavirus hpv genomes in condylomata acuminata of the vulva vagina and cervix and in flat condylomas of the cervix from japanese females by dna hybridization with hpv and dnas unintegrated hpv related dna hpv or dna was detected in out of CA and in out of flat condylomas under stringent hybridization conditions the hpv dnas were identified as hpv dna in condylomata acuminata vulvar vaginal and C2 samples and flat condyloma and as hpv dna in CA vulvar samples the data indicate close association of hpv types and with condylomata | MEDAL |
glycolipids of u mg were characterized because results of previous studies showed that exogenous gangliosides especially gm inhibit pdgfstimulated growth of this human glioma cell line gm and gm are the major gangliosides both separate as doublets with TLC the major neutral gl is glucocerebroside with nonhydroxy fatty acids but paragloboside ceramide dihexoside Gb4 and asialogm ga are also present the coexistence in u mg of these gangliosides and the pdgf receptor whose mitogenic signal is modulated by gm in these cells suggests a possible functional relationship among them with respect to growth regulation | MEDAL |
AS cerebral infarction aci is characterized by extremely high fatality and disability rate recent studies indicate that costimulatory signal of RT CN factor superfamily oxoxl contributes to the atherosclerosis effect in aci patients however it remains unclear the mechanism underlying the antiatherosclerosis process so this study aims to investigate the effects of rosuvastatin on the expression of oxl peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors gamma pparγ in HUVE cells huvec and human peripheral BL different concentration of rosuvastatin and Ox MDA-LDL oxldl cointervene huvec to observe the expression of oxl and pparγ using RT quantitative rtpcr qrtpcr and westernblot furthermore we examined the level changes of plasmic soxl and hscrp in acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction patients the results demonstrated that concentrationdependent and timedependent oxldl remarkably stimulate the expression of oxl and inhibit the expression of pparγ in vitro but concentrationdependent rosuvastatin can reverse the impact of oxldl suggesting that rosuvastatin can prevent the expression of oxl and the process may be associated with mevalonate pathway in vivo acute AS cerebral infarction patients taking mg rosuvastatin exhibited significantly reduced expression of oxl in peripheral blood lymphocyte soxl in blood plasma and hscrp compared with before treatment our studies identified rosuvastatin as an ERP medicine in controlling atherosclerosis process in aci by inhibiting oxl and stimulating pparγ expression | MEDAL |
the role of insulin resistance ir in atherogenesis is poorly understood in part because of a lack of appropriate animal models we assumed that fructosefed ldl receptordeficient ldlr mice might be a MM of ir and atherosclerosis because fructose feeding induces hyperinsulinemia and ir in rats a preliminary experiment showed that fructose FF markedly increases plasma cholesterol C2 in ldlr mice and hypercholesterolemic ldlr mice develop extensive atherosclerosis to test whether ir could be induced in ldlr mice groups of male mice were fed a fructoserich diet of total calories n a fatenriched WD intended to yield the same plasma cholesterol levels n or regular chow n for approximately months the average cholesterol C2 of both hypercholesterolemic groups were similar versus mgdl and much higher than in the chowfed group mgdl final body weights in the western diet group were higher g than in the fructose g or chowfed g groups contrary to expectation ir was induced in mice fed the western diet but not in fructosefed mice the WD group had higher average gl C2 versus mgdl and fold higher PI levels surprisingly the noninsulinresistant fructosefed mice had significantly more atherosclerosis than the insulinresistant mice fed WD versus of aortic surface p these results suggest that fructoseenriched diets do not induce ir in ldlr mice the western diets commonly used in ldlr mice may not only induce atherosclerosis but also ir potentially complicating the interpretation of results and ir and hyperinsulinemia do not enhance atherosclerosis in ldlr mice at least under conditions of very high plasma cholesterol levels the fact that various C2 of hypercholesterolemia can be induced in ldlr mice by fatenriched diets and that such diets induce ir and hyperinsulinemia suggest that ldlr mice may be used as models to elucidate the effect of ir on atherosclerosis eg by FF them western diets with or without insulinsensitizing agents | MEDAL |
r a ditertbutylphenol has been shown to be antiinflammatory in a number of animal models these include conventional systems such as carrageenaninduced edema and adjuvant ICA of the rat and ultravioletinduced erythema in the guinea pig in which the acidic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs eg indomethacin are ERP the antiinflammatory activity of r has also been demonstrated in other models eg graft vs host reaction and reversed passive cutaneous arthus reaction in the rat contact sensitivity in the mouse in which the acidic nonsteroidal drugs are not ERP in vitro r inhibits guinea pig lung lipoxygenase and bovine seminal vesicle cyclooxygenase the antioxidant properties of r were demonstrated in two in vitro systems we speculate that the antioxidant activity of this molecule might be related to its unusual profile of pharmacological activity | MEDAL |
accumulation of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate struvite on surfaces in contact with wastewater especially in anaerobic sludge digestion and postdigestion processes is a widely reported problem in the wastewater treatment industry the solubility and thermodynamic properties of struvite at different temperatures was studied struvite thermodynamic solubility products at temperatures between and c were determined by variation of solution ionic strength and extrapolation to zero ionic strength using an appropriate AC model the pksp value of struvite at degrees c was found to be the pksp value for a temperature range of degrees c varies from to with the minimum value of at degrees c the effect of ionic strength ph and temperature on struvite solubility was also studied the solubility of struvite determined in deionized water was found to be mg l at degrees c with the maximum value of mg l at degrees c standard enthalpy of reaction delta hr degrees calculated from the average ksp values for the temperature range of degrees c was kcal mol an analytical expression for the ksp as a CF of temperature has been developed by fitting experimental data | MEDAL |
we examined adrenal blood flow cortisol secretion rate concentration of cortisol in adrenal venous blood MAP blood pressure and heart rate in unrestrained conscious dogs sampling at s min or min during experiments lasting from min to h time history analysis designed for short noisy time series detected three significant ultradian oscillatory periods approximately and min circulatory variables systemic mean arterial pressure heart rate and adrenal blood flow showed all three cortisol secretion rate showed the and min oscillations but not the min oscillation adrenal glucocorticoid secretion rate and adrenal blood flow were not strongly coupled however at one extreme of blood flow close to zero and at the opposite extreme very high blood flow stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenal blood flow and cortisol secretion were tightly coupled in the normal physiological range the multiperiodic rhythmic organization of circulatory variables and adrenal glucocorticoid function arises from independent or only weakly coupled oscillators not necessarily harmonically related manifesting nearperiodicity with wobble and intermittency | MEDAL |
an intravenous infusion of orphenadrine or imipramine to artificially ventilated URE anaesthetized rats completely blocked the physostigmine induced increase in blood pressure and the blood pressure increase induced by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus effects mediated via the sympathetic nerve the noradrenaline induced blood pressure increase was not changed during an infusion with orphenadrine but was markedly depressed during an infusion with imipramine during an infusion with both orphenadrine or imipramine the pressor response induced by stimulation of the spinal cord were CR blocked in pithed rats the DP of the blockade was comparable with the blockade of the pressor response T3 hypothalamic stimulation these results show that at least in rats both orphenadrine and imipramine prevents the CE stimulatory sympathetic effects on the CVS by interfering with the sympathetic nervous system the site of action is discussed | MEDAL |
taurodontism is a morphoanatomical developmental anomaly rarely seen in teeth permanent mandibular molars are most commonly affected endodontic treatment of a taurodont tooth is challenging and requires special handling because of proximity and apical displacement of roots this paper presents a successful endodontic therapy of all three types of taurodonism with two case reports the first case with mesotaurodontism of mandibular left first molar and hypotaurodontism of mandibular left M2 and the second case with hyper taurodontism of mandibular left second molar | MEDAL |
although pulmonary fibrin deposition and coagulation abnormalities have been observed in ALI in humans their role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders is unclear in order to gain further insights into the role of the coagulation in lung injury we examined the relationship between procoagulant activity in BAL lavage bal fluids and the evolution of bleomycininduced lung injury in marmosets the bal procoagulant activity was increased at and wk after bleomycin challenge compared with that in control subjects and it was capable of shortening the recalcification times of plasmas deficient in factor vii and factor viii but not in FX this profile suggested the presence in bal of an activator of FX activation of purified human FX by bal was demonstrated by measuring the amidolytic activity of the generated factor xa on its nbenzoyllisoleucyl lglutamylglycyllargeninepnitroanilide ATP factor x activating activity was increased in bal at wk T3 bleomycin challenge cleavage of ilabeled human factor x by bal from bleomycinchallenged marmosets yielded a mr product that comigrated with factor xa the appearance of which correlated strongly with amidolytic evidence of factor xa activity electron microscopy of the lungs of animals from all groups revealed pulmonary Fn deposition at wk T3 bleomycin challenge at the time of increased bal procoagulant and factor x activating activity the bal procoagulant activity was CR sedimentable by UC and was inhibited by concanavalin a and phospholipase c activation of purified FX by bal was inhibited by monospecific polyclonal goat and rb antibodies to human factor vii as well as antibody to bovine tissue factor demonstrating that factor x activating activity in bal was attributable to tissue factor associated with material similar to factors vii or viia we conclude that procoagulant activity in bal increases T3 bleomycin challenge in marmosets and is attributable to activation of factor x by tissue factor associated with AF vii or viialike material increased bal procoagulant activity is temporally associated with pulmonary fibrin deposition and pulmonary fibrosis during bleomycininduced pulmonary injury in the marmoset | MEDAL |
this study was designed to assess the efficacy and outcomes of argon plasma coagulation apc in the management of chronic radiation proctitis T3 conventionally fractionated doseescalated radiation therapy ⥠cgy | MEDAL |
the tissue CSD of cellular adhesion molecules cams was studied in specimens from normal human kidneys and in biopsies from kidney allografts with cellmediated AAR in addition to the vascular presence of icam a common finding in normal kidneys expression of icam on tubular cells was observed in VG biopsies compared with normal kidneys where vcam was present on bowmans capsules and few PT tubular cells a markedly enhanced expression of vcam in numerous tubuli including distal tubular segments was observed in graft biopsies in VG specimens vcam appeared also in variable numbers of peritubular capillaries infiltrating leukocytes carrying vcam were observed in grafts elam could not be found in NK but was restricted to some PTCs in grafts comparable results were obtained with cultured renal tubular cells when stimulated by tnfalpha that the induced appearance of adhesion molecules was in fact related to actual cellular synthesis was demonstrated by northern blot analysis thus little icam TPS mrna of kb length could be detected in unstimulated cultured renal tubular cells but hybridization was markedly increased T3 stimulation with TNF a substantial amount of vcam TPS mrna of kb length was present already in unstimulated renal tubular cells likewise synthesis of vcam mrna was enhanced by stimulation with TNF tnfstimulated endothelial cells also showed weak synthesis of vcam mrna the results provide further evidence that constitutive and inducible expression of CAMs contributes to the process of allograft rejection | MEDAL |
the cyclohexenone ring a of TCs exhibits unique structural features not observed among other aromatic polyketides these substitutions include the c primary NH c dimethylamine and the ca tertiary alcohol here we report the identification and reconstitution of the minimum set of enzymes required for the biosynthesis of anhydrotetracycline atc the first intermediate in the tetracycline biosynthetic pathway that contains the fully r xenorhabdus species enables them to colonize the same s carpocapsae host tissue that is normally colonized by x nematophila finally CS analysis supported the idea that the nil genes were horizontally acquired our findings indicate that a single genetic locus determines host specificity in this bacteriaanimal mutualism and that hr expansion can occur through the acquisition of a small genetic PE | MEDAL |
in recent years bilingualism has been linked to both advantages in executive control and positive impacts on aging such positive cognitive effects of bilingualism have been attributed to the increased need for language control during bilingual processing and increased CR respectively however a mechanistic explanation of how bilingual experience contributes to CR is still lacking the current paper proposes a new focus on bilingual SM as an avenue to explore the relationship between executive control and cognitive reserve we argue that this focus will enhance our understanding of the PET and structural neural mechanisms underlying bilingualisminduced cognitive effects with this perspective we discuss and integrate recent cognitive and neuroimaging work on bilingual advantage and suggest an account that links cognitive control CR and brain reserve in bilingual aging and memory | MEDAL |
acute neurological morbidity following repair of congenital heart disease chd in infancy is well recognized particularly with the modalities of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass cpb and profound hypothermic circulatory arrest phca reduced o delivery PD during rewarming following phca has been shown in the operating room this reduction in cerebral blood flow coincides with disordered cerebral metabolism and oxygen utilisation after phca the objective of this study was to extend the period of investigation of cerebral blood flow velocity cbfv behaviour in infants following phca to determine if hypoperfusion persisted in the paediatric intensive care unit picu ten patients undergoing chd surgery were divided based on the pump modality employed into either mild hypothermic cpb or profound hypothermic cpb with circulatory arrest following admission to the picu sequential recordings of the mean cbfv in the M1 AFP haemodynamic variables tympanic membrane temperature PCV and paco were performed the phca group had a consistently reduced cbfv compared with the control group p the cbfv values at one two and four hours were and respectively in the mild hypothermic cpb group the cbfv values at one two and four hours were and respectively in the phca group there was no difference in rCBF pressure between both CG Tty temperature PCV and paco did not vary between CG at any interval this study demonstrates a sustained reduction in the cbfv pattern following phca into the postoperative period despite adequate cerebral CPP this abnormality correlates with electroencephalographic aberrations documented after phca it supports the concept of a prolonged unreactive cerebrovascular bed which could potentially contribute to the acute neurological morbidity following phca in neonates | MEDAL |
previous studies have reported that inhibitor of dna binding id exerts an oncogenic role in a number of tumors in the present T0 the role of id in the growth invasion and migration of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma sacc cells was investigated id expression in clinical sacc samples was compared with that in normal salivary tissues using immunohistochemical IF and the correlation between id expression and clinical pathological characteristics was then determined subsequently id was overexpressed or silenced to investigate the effects of id expression on sacc cell proliferation invasion and migration in addition the gene expression levels of known id target genes including sa cdkna and matrix metalloproteinase mmp was measured using reverse transcriptionâquantitative polymerase chain reaction to elucidate the potential mechanisms of id in sacc the results of the present study indicated that the protein expression levels of id were significantly increased in the sacc tissues compared with that in the normal salivary tissues p and a positive rho between id expression and tumor stage p RT invasion p and metastasis p in sacc was observed knockdown of id in sacc cells significantly inhibited cell growth invasion and migration all p whereas overexpression of id promoted cell proliferation invasion and migration all p the gene expression level of mmp was significantly reduced following id knockdown in saccâ cells when compared with negative controls p whereas sa and cdkna expression C2 were significantly upregulated both p the results suggest that id may regulate the growth invasion and migration of sacc cells and that mmp sa and cdkna may serve as target genes of id and mediate the effects of id in sacc cells therefore id may present a potential target gene for the treatment of patients with sacc to inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis | MEDAL |
how LT memories are stored is a fundamental question in neuroscience the first molecular mechanism for LTM storage in the BB was recently identified as the persistent action of protein kinase mzeta pkmzeta an autonomously active atypical protein kinase c pkc isoform critical for the maintenance of LT potentiation ltp pkmzeta maintains aversively CS associations but what GA form of information the kinase encodes in the brain is unknown we first confirmed the specificity of the action of zeta inhibitory peptide zip by disrupting LTM for active place avoidance with chelerythrine a second inhibitor of pkmzeta activity we then examined using zip the effect of pkmzeta inhibition in dorsal hippocampus dh and basolateral amygdala bla on retention of dold information acquired in the RAM water maze IA and contextual and cued fear conditioning paradigms in the dh pkmzeta inhibition selectively disrupted retention of information for spatial REF but not spatial WM in the RAM and precise but not coarse spatial information in the water maze thus PR of accurate spatial but not procedural and contextual information required pkmzeta activity similarly pkmzeta inhibition in the hippocampus did not affect contextual information T3 fear conditioning in contrast pkmzeta inhibition in the bla impaired PR of classical conditioned stimulusunconditioned CS- csus associations for both contextual and auditory fear as well as instrumentally CS IA pkmzeta inhibition had no effect on postshock freezing indicating fear expression mediated by the bla remained intact thus persistent pkmzeta activity is a GA mechanism for both appetitively and aversively motivated PR of TPS accurate learned information but is not required for processing contextual imprecise or procedural information | MEDAL |
in our hospital patients with severe coronary arterial lesion after kawasaki disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting cabg since the age of the cases at surgery ranged from year to years mean age was years fifteen cases were bypassed using IM artery ima and cases using ima and autologous saphenous vein svg two cases were bypassed using only svg they have been examined until now by catheterization by TM test and by tl myocardial imaging around month T0 and around year study T3 surgery for the evaluation of results of cabg one patient died from acute myocardial infarction months after surgery and one patient shows return of anginal attack due to graft stenosis other patients are almost uneventful in the study ima were patent and svg were patent in the study ima and svg remained patent development of LAD i.a. distal to ima anastomosis was shown in cases in the T0 on the followup study with ti myocardial imaging disappearance or decrease of perfusion defect was seen in cases in the study and cases in the T0 on the TM test disappearance or improvement of ischemic NC was seen in cases in the study and cases in the T0 these results suggest that ima is more preferable for than svg for young children who has an indication of cabg T3 kawasaki disease | MEDAL |
this T0 was undertaken to define the agerelated alterations in lipid composition that resident rb alveolar macrophages am undergo during PN OD the eventual goal is to correlate these changes with the PET maturation of these cells the number of am recorded from total lung lavages rose markedly during the first days of life from x to x AD lungs yielded x am a gradual but significant increase in FP p was observed during development when purified am PMs were tagged with the probe DPH trimethyl ammonium the rise ranged from a mean p value of less than or equal to to p less than for am PMs from rabbits or dayold to or dayold rabbits respectively this finding suggests that the fluidity of the am BPM decreased during postnatal OD palmitic stearic OA and LA acids were the most prevalent fatty acids found in the neutral lipid fraction of the am BPM throughout OD the content of stearic acid rose from to AA acid rose from to myristic acid decreased from to palmitic acid decreased from to and OA and LA acids changed relatively little during the first days of life the C2 of docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic increased gradually during the first days of life and by days of life the levels declined to that observed at birth the sum of these changes resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids to in the neutral lipid fraction during the first month of life the neutral lipid HFA pool in the total lipid fraction of am plasma membrane increased from to mole cholesterol increased from to mole and total phospholipids decreased from to mole these changes resulted in increasing the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio from at birth to by days of life the C2 of all three L1 lipid fractions were comparable at days and days of life AD levels of choline phosphoglycerides the predominant phospholipid were observed by days of life to have decreased from to mole and the levels of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin increased from to mole and from to mole respectively adult C2 of lysobisphosphatidic acid were reached by days of life increasing from to mole abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in order to assess the tolerance induced by hepatic transplantation in a multivisceral VG a model of a SPK combining the liver and small intestine was developed in the pig using animals of large white isogroup o typed in the system of major incompatibility as swine lymphocyte antigen sla whose weight varied from to kg in order to limit the duration of warm ischemia dissection of the graft was performed on the donor animal with respect for the following anatomic features absence of intestinal attachment to the posterior parietal peritoneum anticlockwise torsion of degrees of the intestine around the SMA a with the small intestine convolutions on the RA and the Tc helix on the left the bifid pancreas follows this rotation and its resection must respect the vascularisation of the proximal small intestine the hepatic a arises from a common trunk with a gastrosplenic branch of the aorta between the crura of the diaphragm and travels sagittally from behind forward toward the liver pedicle which it reaches ar the upper border of the duodenum the hepatic a and its branches are dorsal in relation to the portal vein the hepatic arterial CSD follows a rightleft and anteroposterior systematisation for the six hepatic lobes of this quadruped animal | MEDAL |
many patients with type diabetes mellitus do not achieve target glycosylated hemoglobin ac C2 despite optimally titrated basal insulin and satisfactory FPG C2 current evidence suggests that hbac C2 are dictated by both basal glucose and postprandial glucose C2 this has led to a consensus that postprandial glucose excursions contribute to poor glycemic control in these patients lixisenatide is a oncedaily prandial glucagonlike peptide glp receptor agonist with a fourfold affinity for the glp receptor compared with native glp importantly lixisenatide causes a significant delay in GE time an important determinant of the oncedaily dosing regimen an exendin mimetic with six lysine residues removed at the CT lixisenatide has pronounced postprandial glucoselowering effects making it a novel incretin agent for use in combination with optimally titrated basal insulin lixisenatide exerts profound effects on postprandial glucose through established mechanisms of glucosedependent insulin secretion and glucagon suppression in combination with DGE this review discusses the likely place that lixisenatide will occupy in clinical practice given its profound effects on PPG and potential to reduce glycemic R2 | MEDAL |
steroid sulfatase sts activity was studied in scrotal and ABD testes from genetically unilateral cryptorchid rats TPS sts activity was significantly increased in microsomes from ABD and scrotal testes of the cryptorchid animals as compared to that of control ones when expressed per gonad sts activity was only enhanced in the scrotal testis no difference in the enzyme affinity was observed between descended and undescended testes testosterone content was markedly reduced in the abdominal testes normal plasma testosterone C2 together with elevated lh C2 were measured in the cryptorchid rats the existence of differences in sts expression between descended and undescended testes gives additional support for this enzymatic activity being implicated in testicular CF | MEDAL |
SE is a major nosocomial pathogen associated with infections of indwelling medical devices one important virulence factor of these organisms is their ability to adhere to devices and form biofilms in this T0 we evaluated the effect of the ica operon on cell surface hydrophobicity thermodynamics of adhesion and biofilm formation for seven s epidermidis strains the surface free SE parameters of the bacterial cell surface and the substratum were determined by contact angle measurement biofilm formation was assayed using CV staining results showed that icapositive strains demonstrated a higher hydrophobic characteristic than icanegative strains suggesting that the icaoperon seems to determine the CSH of s epidermidis interaction of icapositive strains with a tissueculture treated polystyrene surface was energetically favourable δg | MEDAL |
recent studies have demonstrated that preincubation of skmel melanoma cells with ferric ammonium citrate fac resulted in marked stimulation of fe uptake from feitransferrin tf but only at tf concentrations above that required for saturation of the tf receptor richardson and baker j biol chem the mechanism responsible for this stimulation was unknown and is the subject of the present report preincubation of cells with fac microgramsml followed by a h incubation with feitf mgml microm resulted in temperaturedependent fe uptake to approx of the control value furthermore the effect was not TPS for melanoma cells and was also observed in other normal and neoplastic cells preincubation of melanoma cells with fac also stimulated fe uptake from fecitrate but to a far greater extent than that observed with feitf viz fold that seen for the control interestingly neither RME nor the postulated diferric tf reductase were involved in the facactivated fe uptake process from tf however the addition of free radical scavengers to fac such as catalase superoxide dismutase ceruloplasmin hepes mannitol and high concentrations of bsa or ascorbate markedly depressed facactivated fe uptake from feitf and fecitrate these agents when added to control cells had no effect on fe uptake the addition of superoxide generating agents and hydrogen peroxide to minimum essential medium mem containing fac but not to mem alone also stimulated fe uptake these data suggest that the initial activation of the facstimulated fe uptake system was caused by the production of hydroxyl radicals via the fecatalysed haberweiss reaction we propose that this fe uptake process represents an important cellular defense mechanism against oxidant stress generated in the presence of lowmolecularweight fe complexes | MEDAL |
one of the mechanisms by which li evokes polyuria is thought to be impairment of arginine vasopressin avpsensitive adenylate cyclase adc in cells of the renal collecting duct to investigate how adc is influenced by chronic administration of li we created nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ndi in rats and microdissected the medullary collecting tubule from both control and ndi rats in the ndi group the m avpstimulated camp contents failed to increase completely and the C2 were significantly lower than that of the control group vs fmolmm p less than pretreatment with pertussis toxin pt an inhibitor of inhibitory g protein gi did not affect the basal camp C2 in both groups although it increased avpstimulated camp production in the ndi group in a dose and timedependent manner avpstimulated camp production with over ngml pt in the ndi group reached the C2 observed in the control group incubation with cholera toxin an agonist of stimulatory g protein gs increased the camp content in the two CG to almost equal C2 to exclude the possibility that prostaglandin e pge is involved in the cellular mechanism of liinduced ndi the effect of indomethacin indo on pt action was examined however indo m did not influence either the basal or avpdependent camp contents from these results it is suggested that li impairs avpsensitive adc not through inhibition of gs but through activation of gi and that ignant bcells for bcll patients and hematological normal donors the lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood CL nodes and bone marrow were determined a significant immune response was observed in the CL NO of the patients as reflected by the cd lymphocytes which were times larger in the patients lymph nodes than in their IP blood and bone marrow in contrast with IP blood this was mainly caused by an increase in cd lymphocytes the cd lymphocytes in the lymph NO of the patients had abnormal orthogonal lightscattering signals and an abnormal density of cd receptors in comparison with their peripheral blood cd lymphocytes or the cd lymphocytes in the peripheral blood bone marrow and tonsils of the hematological normal donors this T0 shows that although a significant increase of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the IP blood of bcll patients is observed the actual distributions of the nonmalignant lymphocytes can be quite different at the actual RT sites ie bone marrow and CL nodes | MEDAL |
phosphorylation of proteins is an important mechanism used to regulate most cellular processes recently we completed an extensive phosphoproteomic analysis of the core proteins that constitute the saccharomyces cerevisiae centrosome here we present a study of phosphorylation sites found on the mitotic exit network men proteins most of which are associated with the cytoplasmic face of the centrosome we identified sites on bfa cdc cdc and cdc eight sites lie in cyclindependent kinase motifs cdk stp and sites are completely conserved within fungi more than half of the sites were found in centrosomes from MI cells possibly in preparation for their roles in MI exit finally we report phosphorylation site information for other important cell cycle and regulatory proteins | MEDAL |
all emergency room dental visits to seattles childrens hospital and medical center from to were studied to evaluate trends in patients seeking care of visits were for trauma the remainder for infection or other reasons the number of visits was times greater in than in comparing the periods of and there was an increase in the proportion of infectionrelated visits from to of all visits springsummer and weekends had the highest volume more males than females received care the largest number of visits occurred between pm and midnight nearly twothirds of children did not have a usual source of medical care of children had no medical insurance and received medicaid benefits medicaid patients were twice as likely to be seen for infection as for trauma among the uninsured there was no difference in the rates of trauma or infection noncaucasian patients were twice as likely to be seen for infection as caucasians infection visits were for pulpitis and periapical and gingival abscess trauma patients were younger months than infection patients months trauma was primarily to the maxillary anterior teeth and upper lip and gingiva common agents for trauma were furniture bicycles and sports | MEDAL |
here we show that the mature cochlear neurons are a rich source of acidic fibroblast growth factor afgf which is expressed in the neuronal circuitry consisting of afferent and efferent innervation the site of action of neuronal afgf is likely to reside in the organ of corti where one of the four known fgf receptor fgfr tyrosine kinasesnamely fgfr mrnais expressed following acoustic overstimulation known to cause damage to the OC a rapid upregulation of fgfr is evident in this sensory epithelium at both mrna and protein levels the present results provide in vivo evidence for afgf being a sensory neuronderived anterogradely transported factor that may exert trophic effects on a IP target tissue in this sensory system afgf rather than being a neurotrophic factor seems to promote maintenance of the integrity of the OC in addition afgf released from the traumatized nerve endings may be one of the first signals initiating protective REC and repair processes following damaging AEP stimuli | MEDAL |
for detection of the opacity factor of in streptococcus group a two different methods the slide technique and the BA technique have been compared the results agree closely the reaction of of positive strains on the BA medium seems however to be more difficult to interpret than the clearcut opalescence in the slide reaction antibody to serum opacity factor was demonstrated in human sera using the solid agar method such antibodies were demonstrated in out of a total of aso positive sera examined | MEDAL |
careful histopathological evaluation has shown the traditionally clinical diagnosis of IIP to be more heterogeneous than once thought its subclassification based on clinicopathological criteria has important therapeutic and prognostic implications the most important distinction is the presence of usual interstitial pneumonia the histopathological DP seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF has a worse response to therapy and prognosis new insight into the pathophysiology of idiopathic PF suggests a distinctly fibroproliferative process and antifibrotic therapies show promise although the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of IPF can be made confidently in some cases many patients require surgical lung biopsy to determine their underlying histopathological DP a structured clinicopathological RPA to the diagnosis of IIP with particular attention to the ID of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ensures proper therapy enhances prognosis and allows for further investigation of therapies aimed at the distinct pathophysiology | MEDAL |
previous studies have shown that sweeping between the CM and lower uterine segment was an effective procedure for reducing prolonged pregnancy however there has been no study to show the effect of LUS sweeping to the progress of the active phase of labor this study was to determine the effect of lower uterine segment sweeping on the progress of the active phase of labor in nullipara a total of four hundred nulliparous term Pr women with spontaneous labor were randomized to one of two CG the control group had routine vaginal examination while the T0 group had lower uterine segment sweeping at the time of each examination oxytocin infusion was given if there was dysfunctional labor progression of labor and the need for oxytocin augmentation were reviewed data were analyzed by chi square and student ttest oxytocin was used in per cent of the sweeping group and per cent of the control group p the duration of the first stage the second stage and the third stage of labor were not significantly different between the two CG in conclusion LUS sweeping did not reduce the need for oxytocin augmentation or lessen the duration of labor in nullipara | MEDAL |
the paper deals with computed tomography ct diagnosis of eustachian tube dysfunction a functional multislice spiral ms ct protocol has been first elaborated for the ET twentythree patients with unilateral CHL and ET dysfunction were examined the normal functional anatomy of the eustachian tube was evaluated on the side without evidence of pathology in patients PET msct showed that the cartilaginous portion of the ET opened partially and closed CR in patients ten patients were found to have steady changes in the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube the developed method could confirm the cause of CHL and optimally define a treatment policy | MEDAL |
three new membered macrolides saccharothriolides df were isolated from a rare actinomycete saccharothrix sp a the planar structures were determined from analysis of extensive nmr and hresims data and the absolute configurations were established by ecd spectroscopy analysis saccharothriolides d and e were determined to be c epimers of saccharothriolides a and b respectively saccharothriolide f was identified to be a demethylated congener of saccharothriolides asteurised homemade dairy products or had a contact PH with sheep andor cows the diagnosis of brucellosis was confirmed by STA test in all patients titres were in seven patients blood SC was positive for brucella melitensis in three patients bone marrow cultures were positive for b melitensis in four patients fever was present in all patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis the other most common symptoms were malaise myalgia anorexia sweating and weight loss in addition sweating was observed in five patients and lymphadenopathy petechiae and WL were observed in one patient hepatomegaly splenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly were found in four six and four patients respectively haemophagocytosis was documented in bone marrow examinations of all children except in two cases all patients recovered completely and their peripheral blood counts returned to normal by to weeks after antibiotic treatment of brucellosis | MEDAL |
horse LE inhibitor rapidly forms SD equimolar complexes with both human leukocyte elastase and cat g PPE and bovine alphachymotrypsin formation of the inhibitorpancreatic elastase complex results in peptide bond cleavage at the reactive sy quiescent cells is small in amputateddenervated limbs of small axolotls the size of the proliferative fraction decreased as the length of the denervation interval increased furthermore with prolonged denervation the total proportion of actively cycling blastema cells also declined to about the failure of denervated limbs to regenerate was correlated with an increased nonproliferative fraction and a reduced proportion of actively cycling cells | MEDAL |
seven cases of bifid ureter with a blindending branch are presented diagnosis was primarily made by excretory urogram in case the diagnosis was confirmed by retrograde pyelogram the pelvicalyceal system showed ureteroureteral reflux into the blindending branch on photofluoroscopy and cineroentgenography one rare case of blindending CB originating in the upper third of the ureter are described the clinical aspects roentgenographic findings and treatment of these findings are reviewed | MEDAL |
early expression of ion channels following neural induction was examined in isolated cleavagearrested blastomeres from the ascidian embryo using a twoelectrode voltage clamp currents were recorded from the isolated cleavagearrested blastomere a T3 treatment with serine protease subtilisin which induces neural differentiation as consistently as cell contact the inwardrectifier k current increased at the late gastrula stage shortly after the CS period for neural induction both in the induced proteasetreated and uninduced cells ICa characteristic of epidermaltype differentiation and delayedrectifier k channels and differentiatedtype na channels characteristic of neuraltype differentiation appeared much later than the inwardrectifier k channels at a time corresponding to the tail bud stage of the intact embryo when cells were treated with subtilisin during the critical period for neural induction the increase in the inwardrectifier k current from the late gastrula stage to the neurula stage was about three times smaller na mean sd n than in untreated cells na n the same changes in the inwardrectifier k channel were also observed in a blastomeres which were induced by cell contact with an a blastomere however when cells were treated with subtilisin T3 the critical period for neural induction the amplitude of the inwardrectifier k current was the same as in UT cells thus the expressed level of the inwardrectifier k channel was linked to the determination of neural or epidermal cell types there was no significant difference in the input capacitance of induced and uninduced cells indicating that the difference in the amplitude of the inwardrectifier k currents derived from a difference in the channel density rather than a difference in cell surface area the expression of the inwardrectifier k channel at the late gastrula stage was sensitive to alphaamanitin a highly specific transcription inhibitor in both induced and uninduced cells injection of alphaamanitin at the cell stage reduced the current density of the inwardrectifier k channel to about nanf corresponding to of that recorded from uninjected cells by contrast the expression of the fastinactivatingtype na current which transiently increased along with the inwardrectifier k channel was resistant to alphaamanitin injection the dose of alphaamanitin injected was controlled by monitoring coinjected FL dye furaabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the aim of this audit was to assess the accuracy of TA ultrasound scan in predicting chorionicity in twin pregnancies in our unit the presence or absence of lambda sign tsign dividing membrane thickness and number of placentae were used to determine chorionicity we retrospectively analysed these antenatal markers in sets of twins delivered over a year period and compared it with the postpartum placental histology and neonatal gender of twin deliveries had both chorionicity and placental histology to compare of were correctly diagnosed antenatally as MC and of as dichorionic in cases the ultrasound diagnosis of chorionicity didnt match placental histology seventeen were thought to be monochorionic antenatally but were confirmed dichorionic on placental histology overall chorionicity was correctly diagnosed in using TA ultrasound scan uss in all trimesters however the sensitivity and specificity of uss was much higher for DC twins when carried out before weeks of gestation | MEDAL |
the arrhythmogenic dose of EN ade was determined in six dogs during halothane anesthesia before and after xylazine administration mgkg iv bolus mgkghr iv infusion the AD was determined by constant infusion of freshly mixed epinephrine microgramml the ade was defined as the total dose of EN which produced four or more intermittent or continuous premature ventricular contractions within a sec period TD was calculated as a function of iishing and deposition in smooth membranes depends on intact protein synthesis | MEDAL |
chronic alcohol ingestion increases the risk of developing acute RDS ards a severe form of ALI characterized by AM epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption and intense inflammation alcohol abuse is also associated with a higher incidence of sepsis or pneumonia resulting in a higher rate of admittance to intensive care longer inpatient stays higher healthcare costs and a times greater mortality rate chronic alcohol ingestion induced severe oxidative AS associated with increased ros generation SD of the critical antioxidant glutathione gsh and oxidation of the thioldisulfide redox potential in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid and EBC across intracellular and extracellular gsh pools in alveolar type ii cells and AM macrophages chronic alcohol ingestion consistently induced a mv oxidation of gshgssg suggesting that the redox potentials of different alveolar gsh pools are in equilibrium alcoholinduced gsh depletion or oxidation was associated with impaired functions of AM type ii cells and AM macrophages but could be reversed by restoring gsh pools in the alveolar lining fluid the aims of this paper are to address the mechanisms for alcoholinduced gsh depletion and oxidation and the subsequent effects in AM barrier integrity modulation of the immune response and apoptosis | MEDAL |
early PS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc can often be deceptive and confusing most patients with NP carcinoma present at an T3 stage with metastatic C2 NO present at the time of diagnosis a deep neck abscess as the presenting feature has not been reported we report two cases of NP carcinoma which presented with retropharyngeal abscesses and persistent lymphadenopathy these two patients illustrate that refractory lymphadenopathy despite adequate treatment of the associated infection should prompt a search for underlying disease the relationship between NP carcinoma and retropharyngeal abscess is discussed | MEDAL |
we report the case of a yearold asymptomatic carrier of aβpp gene duplication he was investigated by mri and the amyloid ligand fav and compared to alzheimers disease patients n and healthy controls n the neuropsychological examination was normal CT and av retention were comparable to alzheimers disease patients aβpp duplication was diagnosed because CAA and alzheimers disease pathology were found on the neuropathological examination of his youngest brother who died at from intracerebral hemorrhage this is the first description of a presymptomatic aβpp duplication carrier over despite widespread CAA alzheimers like atrophy and amyloid deposition | MEDAL |
the chick tangential nucleus is a major vestibular nucleus whose principal cells receive convergent inputs from primary vestibular and nonvestibular fibers and participate in the vestibular reflexes during development the principal cells gradually acquire the mature firing pattern in part by losing a TPS potassium current around hatching h here we focus on characterizing the expression of connexin cx a gap junction protein found mainly between astrocytes in the mature brain the astrocytic syncytium plays an important role in maintaining extracellular potassium ion balance in the brain accordingly it is important to characterize the potential of this syncytium to communicate during the critical developmental age of hatching using fluorescence immunocytochemistry we investigated whether cx IF was concentrated in TPS cellular compartments at h by applying wellknown markers for astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap oligodendrocytes antimyelin neurons microtubuleassociated protein and synaptic terminals synaptotagmin gfappositive astrocytes and gfapnegative nonneuronal cells around the principal cell bodies were labeled with cx suggesting that cx was expressed exclusively by nonneuronal cells near the neuronal elements next the developmental pattern of expression of cx was studied at embryonic day e h and h at e cx was present weakly as random small clusters in the tangential nucleus whereas at h overall IF became localized with increases in size brightness and number of immunostained clusters finally at h cx IF decreased but cluster size and location remained unchanged these results suggest that cx is developmentally regulated with a peak at birth and is associated primarily with astrocytes and nonneuronal cells near the principal cell bodies | MEDAL |
disruptions in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and the occurrence of proteins misfolding lead to neuronal death resulting in agerelated dementia and neurodegenerative diseases as well as frailty PET neurophysiologic and PSA alterations within the mitochondrial populations can reveal deficits in brain energy metabolism resulting in MCI abnormal neural OD autonomic dysfunction and other mitochondrial disorders additionally in cases of alzheimers disease or parkinsons disease a significant number of proteins seem to form unordered and problematic structures leading through unknown mechanisms to pathological conditions while the proteins structure prediction problem is still an open challenge regarding its complexity several features associated with the correlations of misfolding proteins and neurodegeneration are discussed in the present study and a computational analysis for the proteins amyloid beta tau αsynuclein parkin pink mfn mfn opa and dnml is also presented | MEDAL |
to determine whether postoperative use of topical ketorolac tromethamine affects intraocular pressure iop following ahmed glaucoma drainage device new world medical inc rancho cucamonga ca implantation | MEDAL |
the effects of GG sugarbeet fibre sbf and wheat bran supplementation of a highfat test meal were compared with an nspfree control meal and a meal containing an equivalent amount of the ionexchange resin cholestyramine in healthy nonobese human volunteers their effects on gastric emptying PP circulating bile acids triacylglycerols and gastrointestinal hormone levels were studied the in vitro binding of nsp and cholestyramine to cglycocholic acid was measured and compared with their in vivo effect guar gum and cholestyramine supplementation significantly lowered circulating PP bile acid triacylglycerol and GIP concentrations but sugarbeet fibre and wheat bran were without effect liquid GE as assessed by circulating paracetamol levels was slightly accelerated in the guar gumsupplemented meal glycocholic acid bound strongly to the insoluble fraction of cholestyramine and the soluble fraction of GG the insoluble fractions of sbf and WB bound only small quantities of glycocholate no bile acid binding was detected in the soluble fractions of these nsp the study demonstrates that measurement of PP bile acids enables an indirect measurement to be made of bile acid IB to nsp in vivo the results support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemic action of GG is largely mediated via interruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation but indicate that the hypocholesterolaemic action of sbf is mediated by another mechanism | MEDAL |
recurrent urinary tract infections are common in complex pediatric urological cases particularly those requiring clean intermittent catheterization at our institution gentamicin bladder irrigations have been used for antimicrobial prophylaxis and to treat symptomatic bacteriuria particularly when the infection does not involve the upper urinary tract the purpose of this T0 was to assess the safety of this therapy | MEDAL |
in order to investigate the mechanism of dyspnoea in hyperthyroidism measurements of spirometry lung volume transfer factor for carbon monoxide and its subdivisions maximal respiratory pressures methacholine challenge arterial blood gases were made and exercise studies performed on patients before treatment for hyperthyroidism methacholine challenge showed that only three of patients increased airway reactivity which was mild maximal pressures which could be generated by the respiratory muscles were reduced in some patients as was functional residual capacity exercise ventilation and breathing frequency were increased and the respiratory exchange ratio was abnormally high anaerobic threshold was measured in nine of subjects and was below normal in each case all but two subjects stopped exercise because of dyspnoea and the maximum oxygen uptake achieved by the group was per cent n range per cent of predicted VO2max the maximum ventilation averaged only per cent n range per cent of the maximal breathing capacity predicted from spirometric tests nine patients were studied shortly T3 being rendered euthyroid by treatment at rest only maximal respiratory pressures increased significantly on exercise the maximal workload attained and the ventilation achieved increased significantly breathing patterns maximal oxygen consumption ventilation anaerobic threshold and cardiac frequency remained unchanged we conclude that patients with HT do not generally have increased AR when hyperthyroid respiratory muscles are weak and improve following treatment exercise capacity is impaired in hyperthyroid patients probably because of a combination of an inefficiently rapid and shallow breathing pattern an increase of anaerobic metabolism and discomfort associated with the act of breathing although exercise capacity increases and the sensation of dyspnoea may decrease T3 treatment the pattern of breathing does not immediately return to normal | MEDAL |
this T0 investigated the curative and toxic effects of threedimensional conformal radiotherapy dcrt using repeated ct scans for field reduction in older nonsmallcell lung CA nsclc patients dcrt was po to older patients with nsclc and irradiation fields included the primary lesion and M1 lymph NO T3 ct localization scanning images were fed into a RTP system to delineate the gross RT volume gtv and prepare plan after the dt dose of the tumor is gy increased from gy in fractions to gy in fractions AA ct localization scanning was performed to delineate gtv and prepare plan radiotherapy was po continuously when the dt increased to gy tertiary ct scanning was performed to prepare another plan the field was reduced to boost irradiation to the residual target volume until the total dt increased to gy compared with gtv the median absolute volume regression and median relative regression amounts for gtv were cm and respectively z p there were cases of pCR of partial remission of stable disease and of progressive disease the total effectiveness rate was and the and year survival rates were and respectively radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonia the main toxic side effects were tolerable dcrt using repeated ct scans for field reduction in older nsclc patients could increase the local control and survival rates and relieve the toxic radiotherapy SE | MEDAL |
although excess hepatic iron in hereditary haemochromatosis and dietary iron overload in the african causes hepatocellular carcinoma it usually does so in the presence of cirrhosis a direct hepatocarcinogenic effect of iron has not been proved moreover an rat of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by iron overload has not been available the aim of this T0 was to develop such a MM and to use it to ascertain whether excess hepatic iron is directly hepatocarcinogenic sixty wistar albino rats were fed a chow diet and the same diet supplemented initially with carbonyl iron for months followed by ferrocene for months five rats from each group were sacrificed every months for months for histological and PSA monitoring by months HCs in all the rats receiving the ironsupplemented diet showed grade iron overload comparable in degree with that seen in patients with advanced HH and dietary iron overload AHF and preneoplastic nodules were first seen at months these increased in size and number with time were ironfree stained positively with placental glutathione sulphydryl transferase and showed the same histological features as the ironfree foci described in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating hereditary HFE at months the eight surviving rats in the iron overloaded group were sacrificed the livers of five of these rats contained preneoplastic nodules and one showed in addition an ironfree welldifferentiated hepatocellular carcinoma the tumour stained positively for placental glutathione SH transferase neither cirrhosis nor portal fibrosis was present in this or any ironloaded animal we conclude that HCC carcinoma may complicate dietary hepatic iron overload in wistar albino rats in the absence of fibrosis or cirrhosis confirming an aetiological association between dietary iron overload and the tumour and suggesting that iron may be directly hepatocarcinogenic | MEDAL |
a case of acute myocardial infarct caused by a nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is reported it was followed by irreversible shock the LCA which was in an abnormal position was occluded by a verrucous peduncular elongation originating from the anterior left leaflet of the aortic valve | MEDAL |
measurement of TB bone mineral content and BC has not previously been convenient in the P0 xray densitometry otherwise known as dualenergy xray absorptiometry dexa has been used in adults to assess with accuracy and precision the total body mineral content lean mass and fat body composition measurements were determined in vivo by dexa in term newborns and they were compared with values reported by chemical analysis of the cadaver with skinfold thickness measurements and with bone mineral content measured by single photon absorptiometry the intermeasurement coefficient of R2 was or for bone mineral content and or for fat and LM the values for bone mineral content fat and LM fall within the ranges expected based on the reported values measured by chemical analysis of the infant cadaver triceps and quadriceps skinfold measurements were best correlated with TBF as measured by dexa the bone mineral content of the distal third radius site as measured by single photon absorptiometry in newborns showed significant rho with total body bone mineral content dexa provides a reproducible and convenient method for the determination of body composition in newborns | MEDAL |
the present report describes the first reported case of microscopic pulmonary tumour embolism mpte from thymic carcinoma the carcinoma was discovered during an autopsy in a yearold man who had undergone surgery for a pilonidal sinus two weeks before presentation pulmonary TE was suspected this case was unusual because mpte has never before been associated with thymic carcinoma mpte was the first clinical indication of an occult malignancy and the clinical presentation was that of sudden onset of dyspnea associated with acute cor pulmonale the cause of death was determined to be hypoxia secondary to extrinsic compression of the RPA and extensive tumour emboli in the small arteries arterioles and venules of the pulmonary parenchyma a review of the clinical presentation and diagnosis of mpte is included | MEDAL |
T3 brain ischemia dissimilar disturbances in morphology and SE metabolism have become evident in cortex and hippocampus the reason of which has not been completely elucidated as yet aged male WR underwent a min CR CBF ischemia induced by occlusion of the carotid and vertebral arteries and by hypovolemic hypotension thereafter normotensive recirculation of the BB was established and the animals were allowed to recover for either min or h or h or h or h in CBF cortex and hippocampus the concentrations of glucose lactate and energyrich compounds were measured by means of standard enzymatic methods T3 ischemia the ischemia induced metabolic CA as measured as concentrations of glucose and lactate and as energyrich EDC normalized rapidly T3 and h recirculation a disturbance in gl breakdown and an imbalance in SE metabolism became manifest in cerebral SC and even earlier h and longer h and more severe in hippocampus these changes may contribute to delayed neuronal damage and cell death in the areas studied | MEDAL |
stress UI sui is the most common form of urinary incontinence in women and is associated with high financial social and emotional costs the PH and PCS examination can identify most patients with a significant stress incontinence component without the need for urodynamic testing a variety of pharmacologic agents have been used offlabel but an evidencebased pharmacologic treatment has not been readily available the development of a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor will add a potentially useful drug to the primary care physicians practice for treating female patients with sui in august a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine became the first medication approved for the treatment of women with moderate to severe sui throughout the european union as of november however duloxetine has not been approved for the treatment of sui in the united states | MEDAL |
this study reviews a group of consecutive displaced ankle fractures treated operatively and followed for an average of years fractures included bone or combined bone and ligamentous injuries in which the initial talar MSD was greater than or equal to mm the immediate postoperative roentgenograms were examined for several features which included widening of the syndesmosis fibular length talocrural angle TT presence and size of a posterior malleolar fracture and an abnormality of the medial clear space patients were examined at followup per cedell and their clinical evaluations were correlated with the analysis of radiographic features and demographic data good to excellent results were seen in of the cases the radiographic AF most predictive of a poor outcome were abnormal medial clear space and the presence of a large greater than posterior malleolar fracture p less than fibular shortening talar tilt and syndesmotic widening suggested a poor result but these findings were not statistically significant multiple two or more radiographic abnormalities correlated with a poor prognosis conversely a perfect radiographic result did not guarantee an excellent clinical outcome older patients and those with a delay between injury and surgery greater than days tended to have a poorer result | MEDAL |
various in vitroinhibitors were added with BP bp into the perfusion fluids in isolated rat lung perfusions to see whether their effects are dependent on the integrity of tissue hbp and its metabolites were measured by TLC chromatography and radiometry from both samples of perfusion medium and homogenates of lung tissue the total CB to lung tissue was used as a measure of the formation of reactive metabolites in methylcholanthreneinduced rat lung the metabolism of bp was inhibited by alphanaphthoflavone an inhibitor of monooxygenase and less with diethylmaleate a depletor of glutathione with salicylamide an inhibitor of conjugases and astonishingly with dsaccharolactone an inhibitor of betaglucuronidase with trichloropropene oxide which inhibits epoxide hydratase the metabolism was either decreased or unchanged nicotine had no effect on bpmetabolism NIC and DEM increased statistically significantly and alphanaphthoflavone and salicylamide decreased the CB of radioactivity to lung tissue in most cases the changes in bp metabolism observed during perfusion can be explained on the basis of effects of modifiers on the enzyme systems | MEDAL |
the gene encoding escherichia coli ACP acp has been isolated and sequenced the acp gene called acpp was located on the genetic map between fabf and fabd which encode two HFA biosynthetic enzymes ketoacylacp synthase ii and malonyl coaacp transacylase respectively an open reading frame between acpp and fabd encodes a kda protein that has significant sequence identity greater than with two acetoacetylcoa reductases and thus is believed to encode a ketoacylacp reductase this gene called fabg is cotranscribed with acpp thus the gene encoding acp the key carrier protein of HFA synthesis is located within a cluster of HFA biosynthetic genes | MEDAL |
the role of protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis was examined in outbred syrian golden hamsters treated with the pancreatic carcinogen BOP bop and fed a purified proteinfree diet ppfd the ppfd was fed for days from weeks of age before and T3 animals were fed ppfd they were given a commercial diet cd bop was given before ppfd FF group or at days group and days group from the beginning of the ppfd feeding boptreated control hamsters group were pairfed a purified control diet pcd instead of ppfd all animals fed ppfd and pcd were returned to a cd for the rest of the experiment which was terminated in each group weeks after bop treatment the results showed a highly significant reduction of RT incidence p less than in hamsters that received ppfd when compared to those fed pcd regardless of the time of carcinogen administration during the dietary regimen hamsters treated with bop at days of ppfd group developed neither benign nor malignant pancreatic PT the inhibition of pancreatic neoplasms was not related to reduced calorie consumption since this occurred in the boptreated hamsters that were pairfed the pcd diet the results indicated that both the initiation and promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis with bop in hamsters can be inhibited by lack of protein in the diet given for weeks during the early stages of the neoplastic process | MEDAL |
xanomeline is a potent agonist that is functionally selective for muscarinic m receptors we have shown previously that a significant fraction of xanomeline IB to membranes of chinese hamster ovary cho cells expressing the m receptors occurs in a washresistant manner and speculated that this persistent IB likely does not take place at the primary binding site on the receptor in the present work we investigated in depth the pharmacological characteristics of this unique mode of xanomeline binding and the effects of this IB on the interaction of classical competitive ligands with the receptor in cho cells that express the m muscarinic receptor ON of persistent binding of xanomeline to the m muscarinic receptor was fast and was only slightly hindered by atropine its dissociation was extremely slow with a halflife of over h although persistently bound xanomeline strongly inhibited IB of the classical antagonist nmethylscopolamine nms to the receptor there are multiple indications that this is not the result of competition at the same binding domain namely washresistant binding of xanomeline only slightly slowed the rate of nms association but enhanced the rate of nms dissociation moreover preincubation with xanomeline followed by extensive washing brought about an apparent decrease in the number of nms IB CS our findings are best interpreted in terms of allosteric interactions between xanomelinepersistent binding to the m muscarinic receptor and competitive ligands bound to the CP receptor binding site | MEDAL |
a detailed retrospective analysis of patients with t no mo vocal cord carcinoma treated at instituto de oncologia y radioterapia de mar del plata from to was performed the majority of the patients were in the age range of to years and were males the overall observed three year tumor free survival was when survival rate was adjusted for intercurrent disease and second primary tumor death the year RT free survival was sixty two percent of the patients undergoing surgical salvage for recurrence were controlled SPTs were seen in patients it is emphasized the importance of close follow up to diagnose as early as possible both the vocal cord recurrence and the second primary tumors | MEDAL |
this T0 examined effects of LA training and a livehigh trainlow protocol combining both NK and simulated modalities on haemoglobin mass hbmass maximum oxygen consumption vomax Tlim and submaximal exercise measures eighteen elitelevel racewalkers were assigned to one of two experimental CG lowhh low hypobaric hypoxia continuous exposure to m for consecutive days n or a combined LA training and nightly normobaric hypoxia lowhhnhnight living and training at m plus hnight at a simulated altitude of m using hypoxic tents n a control group con n lived and trained at m measurement of hbmass Tlim and vomax was performed before and T3 the training MI paired samples ttests were used to assess absolute and percentage change pre and posttest differences within CG and differences between CG were assessed using a oneway anova with least significant difference posthoc testing statistical significance was tested at p there was a increase in hbmass in lowhhnhnight compared with con p in comparison to baseline hbmass increased by ± in the lowhh group ± in lowhhnhnight and there was a decrease of ± in con vomax increased by within both exp conditions but was not significantly greater than the increase in con there was a difference in pre and postintervention values in Tlim T3 lowhhnhnight p and a pre to postintervention difference p after lowhh only we recommend LA m combined with sleeping in ALT tents m as one effective alternative to traditional ALT training methods which can improve hbmass key pointsin some countries it may not be possible to perform CP altitude training effectively due to the low elevation at altitude training venues an additional hypoxic CS- can be provided by simulating higher altitudes overnight using altitude tentsthree weeks of combined living and training at m and simulated altitude exposure at m can improve haemoglobin mass by over in comparison to control values and can also improve Tlim by in comparison to baselinewe recommend that in the context of an altitude training camp at low altitudes m the addition of a relatively short exposure to simulated altitudes of m can elicit physiological and performance benefits without compromise to training intensity or competition preparation however the benefits will not be greater than conducting a traditional ALT training camp at low altitudes | MEDAL |
the epidemiologic relationship between slimeproducing coagulasenegative staphylococci and antibiotic resistance was evaluated by analyzing the in vitro susceptibility of blood isolates to different antimicrobial agents the strain collection consisted of coagulasenegative staphylococcal septicemia isolates recovered from at least successive blood cultures from septicemia patients and single blood isolates defined as insignificant when the slimeproducing staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were compared with all nonslimeproducing s epidermidis isolates the slimeproducing isolates exhibited higher mic andor mic values than the nonslimeproducing isolates and were also more commonly resistant against many of the antimicrobials tested the association between slime production and resistance against tobramycin gentamicin and rifampicin was statistically significant p less than a similar finding was observed among the s epidermidis septicemia isolates when they were analyzed separately from the single suspected blood contaminant s epidermidis isolates further characterization of the septicemia isolates revealed that the positive correlation between slime production and antibiotic resistance reflected to some extent multiresistance of epidemic slimeproducing s epidermidis CS no difference in resistance was observed between the slimeproducing and nonslimeproducing single s epidermidis blood isolates | MEDAL |
tissuespecific basic helixloophelix bhlh transcription factor proteins often playurthermore egsmade and egsmadd attained a high homology to emsmade and emsmadd of e multilocularis respectively both egsmade and egsmadd were coexpressed in the larval stages and exhibited the highest transcript C2 in G1 protoscoleces and their encoded proteins were colocalized in the subtegumental and tegumental layer of the parasite as shown by yeast twohybrid and pulldown analysis egsmade displayed a positive IB interaction with egsmadd in addition egsmade localized in the nuclei of mvlu cells mink lung epithelial cells upon treatment with human tgfβ or human bmp indicating that egsmade is capable of being translocated into nucleus in vitro our study suggests that egsmade and egsmadd may take part in critical biological processes including echinococcal growth development and parasitehost interaction | MEDAL |
membranous organelles move on both AFs and microtubules evidence for the presence of S1 and microtubulebased motors on the same organelle has raised the question of the interrelationship between the two motility systems functional studies of unconventional myosins are beginning to provide insights into this question and the important roles these motors playeside in an inactive form in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies but from which virus may occasionally be reactivatedabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
using the radioactive microsphere technique we studied the SVR and regional hemodynamic effects of ketanserin in conscious renal hypertensive rabbits to characterize the hypotensive mechanism of the compound we evaluated its antagonism toward hydroxytryptamine and alpha adrenergic receptors at hypotensive doses and compared the cardiovascular profile of ketanserin with that of the alpha selective adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin ketanserin and mgkg iv produced a biphasic effect on the arterial blood pressure a short pronounced fall in blood pressure accompanied by tachycardia preceded a more moderate and longer lasting doserelated hypotensive effect the presence of adequate ANS activity seems to be required for the prolonged hypotensive action of ketanserin because in animals pretreated with hexamethonium mgkg the blood pressure T3 an initial decrease returned to baseline values within a few minutes after each ketanserin dose ketanserin inhibited the pressor responses produced by hydroxytryptamine and microgramskg iv and phenylephrine and microgramskg iv which indicates that at hypotensive doses the compound antagonized both hydroxytryptamine receptors and alpha adrenergic receptors at doses that caused a comparable degree of alpha adrenergic receptor blockade ketanserin and mgkg iv as well as prazosin and mgkg iv decreased the blood pressure as a result of a reduction in TPR resistance while cardiac output increased especially at the lower doses of ketanserin a moderate decrease in this variable contributed to the hypotensive effect of the highest dose of prazosin both compounds decreased the vascular resistance in the kidneys gastrointestinal tract and bones whereas that in the skin and skeletal muscles was not significantly altered in contrast to prazosin ketanserin also caused vasodilatation in the coronary and cerebral V1 bedsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
alphafetoprotein is produced by a variety of tumors such as HCC carcinoma hepatoblastoma and germ SCT of the ovary and testes however we present a case of significantly elevated AFP without evidence of malignant disease in a patient who is a carrier of CH b | MEDAL |
an anaerobic phosphorus release tank was introduced to an anaerobicanoxicaerobic ao process treating domestic sewage to enhance the phosphorus removal at low temperature phosphorus PR of the G1 sludge from the second sedimentation tank was evaluated at °c by batch cultures and the nutrient removal in the modified LT ao process was further investigated at the same temperature the results showed that the feasible SRT was h for sequencing batch reaction and h for continuous flow T0 the ratio of raw sewage to G1 sludge from the second sedimentation tank was in volume to meet the demand of carbon resource for the growth of phosphorus PR microbes the feasible COD cod loading rate of the G1 sludge in the phosphorus release tank was g codg mlss mixed liquor suspended solids and the nitrate concentration should be less than mgl the phosphorus PR was doubled when the sludge was blended intermittently and gently the anaerobic phosphorus PR of the G1 sludge improved the phosphate removal remarkably as well as the removal of nhn and total nitrogen tn in the modified LT ao process the effluent cod nhn tn and TP could meet a stricter discharge standard | MEDAL |
the influence of nitrate and nitrite on net absorption of electrolytes na k cl and water from ligated loops was studied at various intestinal sites in rats nitrate strikingly reduced cl absorption in rat proximal and distal colon whereas na absorption was reduced only moderately nitrite also reduced cl absorption in the colon nitrate showed no significant effect on electrolyte absorption in the small intestine the results suggest that clhco on exchange is the L1 route of cl absorption in the colon whereas this mechanism seems not to be of importance for cl absorption by the small intestine | MEDAL |
radiology of the urinary tract has a great place in evaluating voiding dysfunction the role of the radiologist is not limited to diagnosis of the sequelae of VD but he must provide information about causes mechanisms and helps to provide a more accurate diagnosis projectional radiography excretory urography voiding cystourethrography is still the best method of DUE in spite of development of new imaging techniques ultrasonography computerized axial tomography magnetic resonance imaging radiodynamic examination of the lower urinary tract is the best method of choice to study the complex functional problems involving those structures | MEDAL |
down syndrome ds is the most significant genetic disorder with mental retardation and is caused by trisomy the phenotype of ds is thought to result from overexpression of a genes located on the triplicated chromosome region an increasing body of evidence that challenge this gene dosage effect hypothesis however has been reported indicating that this hypothesis still remains to be elucidated the availability of the CR CS of genes on chromosome could have an immediate impact on ds research but no conclusions can be drawn from nucleic acid C2 this made us evaluate protein levels of six proteins gene products encoded on chromosome TCL invasion and metastasis inducing tiam protein holocarboxylase synthetase human interferonregulated resistance gtpbinding protein mxa pbx regulating protein autoimmune regulator and pericentrin in fetal cortex from ds and controls at weeks of gestational age using western EITB none of the investigated proteins showed overexpression in ds compared to controls our present data showing unaltered expression of six proteins on chromosome in fetal ds BB suggest that the existence of the trisomic state is not involved in abnormal development of fetal ds BB and that the gene dosage effect hypothesis is not sufficient to fully explain the ds phenotype we are in the process of quantifying all gene products of chromosome and our first results do not support the gene dosage hypothesis | MEDAL |
replicationcompetent feline foamy or spuma virus ffv vectors were constructed and functionally tested the unmodified ffv vector genome expressed by the strong human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter encodes ffv particles that were replicationcompetent in cell cultures virus derived from the cloned ffv dna replicated and persisted in experimentally INF cats similar to the ffv isolate fuv a ffv vector partially deleted in the noncoding area of the u region was used to transduce the gene for the green fluorescent protein gfp into cell cultures gfp was expressed either by an internal ribosomal entry site ires or as CT FP linked to bet that was recently shown to be essential for ffv replication whereas the genetic stability of the iresgfp construct was comparably low the betgfp F0 protein was detectable upon serial cellfree vector passages however genetic rearrangements also occurred leading to the concomitant loss of marker gene expression | MEDAL |
in the radiation therapy of upper gastrointestinal malignancies treatment of lymph nodes in the region of the celiac axis and superior MES axis is often mandated this study was undertaken to determine the relationship of the celiac axis and superior mesenteric arteries to the vertebral bodiesthe radiographically visualized reference structures during simulation | MEDAL |
the VE effects of tramadol t and nefopam n are evaluated in anesthetized patients with enflurane in a closed circuit PLB system and compared with the effects of pentazocine p the following parameters tidal volume vt minute ventilation v co capnometry occlusion pressure op VR to hypercarbia are recorded T3 minutes of anaesthesia before and T3 repeated injections of the analgesics p mg n mg t mg are injected iv and analgesics administration is repeated at minutes interval so that the patients receive a TP dose of mg a total n dose of mg and a total t dose of mg the administration of mg of p induces a NC in vt VE frequency op op only returns to basal values T3 a second dose the ventilatory response to hypercarbie is indeed satisfying increase of in v T3 n and t ventilatory frequency is not disturbed v increases of and respectively T3 the first injection and of and after the second injection op increases by and respectively after the first i.t. and gets better over time with nefopam mg of p mg of n and mg of t are equivalent for analgesiaabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the valmet catecholomethyl GOT functional polymorphism has been repeatedly associated to differences in performing the wisconsin card sorting test in both patients with schizophrenia and HI however this association has not been consistently replicated for the trail making test partb tmtb in a sample of patients suffering from a functional psychotic disorder and their healthy siblings we aim i to explore if there is any difference completing the tmtb between both CG and among the different psychotic categories and ii to investigate the association between the catecholomethyl transferase genotype and the tmtb performance psychotic patients executed the tmtb worse than the siblings group p⤠the patients p and the siblings p with the valval TT used more time to execute the test than those who carried the met S2 | MEDAL |
corynebacterium sp are found as normal flora in skin and mucosal CS they have been isolated in empyemas brain abscesses blood cultures and ventricular shunts about of earlyonset and lateonset prosthetic valve endocarditis are due to different species of the socalled diphteroids a yearold white female was admitted T3 days with fever of undetermined origin a mitral prosthesis had been fitted in on physical examination a protomesosystolic mitral murmur petechiae retinal hemorrhages and hepatosplenomegaly were detected laboratory tests showed hematocrit mm white blood cells mm esr urinary sediment less than hpf red blood cells a new firstdegree av block was detected blood cultures were negative due to persistent fever progressive anemia leukocytosis and new vegetations on echocardiogram surgery was performed a mitral valve ring abscess was found corynebacterium xerosis was isolated from surgical specimens the strain was found susceptible to penicillin ampicillin oxacillin TIC piperacillin cephalotin cefoxitin cefoperazone rifampin gentamicin amikacin and norfloxacin studies with clindamycin disclosed mic and mbc mgl the patient received mgday CLI for weeks SS cidal studies showed a peak concentration and a titre of trough negative control blood cultures were obtained she has remained well for nine months after treatment corynebacterium sp can cause apparently negative blood cultures blood samples should be incubated for more than days before they can be considered negative almost of previously described cases have been detected during the six months after CS mortality has been high abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
this interim final rule with comment period makes technical amendments to the regulation to reflect the extension of the transition period from june to december that was mandated by the st century cures act for phasing in fee schedule adjustments for certain DME dme and EN paid in Az not subject to the durable medical equipment prosthetics orthotics and supplies dmepos competitive bidding program cbp in addition this interim final rule with comment period amends the regulation to resume the transition periodâs blended fee schedule rates for items furnished in rural Az and noncontiguous areas alaska hawaii and united states territories not subject to the cbp from june through december this interim final rule with comment period also makes technical amendments to existing regulations for dmepos items and services to reflect the exclusion of infusion drugs used with dme from the dmepos cbp | MEDAL |
we performed intraoperative echocardiography with an epiaortic probe to assess the correlation between echocardiographic appearance and pathological findings of the aorta and to examine the effect of crossclamping on the aortic wall in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting the ascending aorta was divided into three segments as follows lower l upper u and innominate the anterior ant and posterior post intimal thicknesses of each of the three segments were measured the echogenicity at each of the six locations was examined and was classified as isoechoic or nonisoechoic hyperechoic hypoechoic or mixed type tissue punched from the ant l wall of the ascending aorta for vein anastomosis was examined for the presence of atheroma at the ant l the prevalence of atheroma was significantly higher in nonisoechoic walls than in isoechoic walls p we divided patients into two groups according to echogenicity at the u segments group a n consisted of patients whose echogenicities at both ant u and post u were isoechoic group b n consisted of patients with nonisoechoic echogenicity at ant u andor post u the intimal thicknesses at all six locations in group b patients were greater than those of group a p deformities at the clamp site after cardiopulmonary bypass were observed significantly more often in group b than in group a p our data suggest that a nonisoechoic aortic wall indicates more T3 atheroma and a higher risk of deformities at the clamp site examination of the echogenicity of the ascending aorta may be one method to reduce perioperative neurological complications | MEDAL |
the transgenic tgrmren rat is not only characterized by fulminant hypertension but also by a disturbance in circadian blood pressure regulation resulting in inverse circadian blood pressure profiles the reasons for these alterations are not very well understood at present we therefore investigated the circadian rhythms in several hormones participating in blood pressure regulation from tgr and spraguedawley sprd control rats synchronized to h light and h dark ld blood was collected at different circadian times and again rats per CS and time the MICs of plasma renin and converting enzyme as well as PC of corticosterone and aldosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay ria sprd rats showed significant circadian rhythms in all variables except plasma renin activity with maxima occurring during the day tgr rats showed significant circadian rhythmicity in plasma renin activity and corticosterone and daily R2 in aldosterone angiotensinconverting enzyme ace activity did not reach statistical significance in tgr rats h means in plasma renin activity and aldosterone were approximately sevenfold and fourfold higher respectively than in sprd rats peak concentrations in corticosterone around h were more than two times higher in tgr rats than in sprd rats whereas no differences were observed during the night it is concluded that in tgr rats the overall increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone may contribute to the elevated blood pressure the comparatively high C2 in corticosterone and plasma renin activity during daytime may be involved in the inverse circadian blood pressure profiles in the transgenic animals | MEDAL |
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