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four fetuses with a femur measuring greater than two standard deviations below the mean compared with the biparietal diameter are presented these four fetuses were subsequently determined to have severe IUGR and no evidence of skeletal dysplasias | MEDAL |
the effects of ethanol administration on activity and regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase i cpti were studied in HCs isolated from rats fed a liquid highfat diet containing of total calories as ethanol or an isocaloric amount of sucrose cells were isolated at several time points in the course of a week exp period ethanol consumption markedly decreased cpti activity and increased enzyme sensitivity to inhibition by exogenously added malonylcoa changes in enzyme activity occurred sooner than those in enzyme sensitivity FAO to co and ketone bodies was depressed in HCs from ethanolfed animals during the first part of the treatment at the end of the day period there were no longer differences in the rate of ketogenesis between the two groups at that time however the rate of co formation was still impaired in the ethanolfed animals furthermore addition of ethanol or acetaldehyde to the incubation medium strongly depressed cpti activity and rates of fatty acid oxidation in HCs from ethanoltreated rats whereas these effects were much less pronounced in cells from control animals the response of cpti activity to insulin glucagon vasopressin and PDBu was blunted in cells derived from ethanolfed rats these changes in the regulation of cpti activity corresponded with those observed in the rate of FAO it is concluded that cpti may play a role in the generation of the ethanolinduced fatty CL | MEDAL |
the present study provides mechanistic details of a mild aromatic ch activation effected by a copperii center ligated in a triazamacrocylic ligand affording equimolar amounts of a cuiiiaryl species and cui species as MRP at low temperatures the cuii complex forms a threecenter threeelectron chcuii interaction identified by PP electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and supported by density functional theory calculations ch bond cleavage is coupled with copper oxidation as a cuiiiaryl product is formed this reaction proceeds to completion at k within minutes through either a copper disproportionation reaction or alternatively even faster with equiv of tetramethylpiperidineoxyl tempo quantitatively yielding kinetic studies of both reactions strongly implicate a ratelimiting protoncoupled electron transfer as the key ch activation step a mechanism that does not conform to the ch activation mechanism in a niii analogue or to any previously proposed ch activation mechanisms | MEDAL |
tigecycline is a broadspectrum glycylcycline antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against CD we used a mouse MM to test the hypothesis that tigecycline has a low propensity to promote colonization and toxin production by c difficile due to GABA activity in the colon mice to per group received subcutaneous i.v. of tigecycline low and high doses alone or in combination with clindamycin for days growth of and toxin production by strains of c difficile tigecycline mics ⤠μgml were measured in cecal contents collected h or days T3 the final antibiotic dose antibiotic concentrations were measured using a bioassay and concentrations of total anaerobes and bacteroides spp were measured the effects of tigecycline on rendering mice susceptible to colonization with and reducing the burden of c difficile were also examined in comparison to saline controls CLI promoted the growth of c difficile p in cecal contents whereas tigecycline did not tigecycline did not suppress total anaerobes or bacteroides spp in comparison to saline controls concurrent administration of tigecycline prevented clindamycininduced promotion of c difficile in cecal contents collected h or days high dose only after the final antibiotic dose tigecycline did not promote the establishment of colonization in mice yet it did not reduce concentrations of c difficile in animals with established colonization in summary tigecycline did not promote the growth of or toxin production by c difficile probably due to inhibitory activity against c difficile and relative sparing of indigenous anaerobic microflora | MEDAL |
seasonal influenza virus infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality but the threat from the emergence of a new pandemic influenza CS might have potentially even more devastating consequences as such there is intense interest in isolating and characterizing potent neutralizing antibodies that target the hemagglutinin ha viral surface glycoprotein here we use cryoelectron microscopy cryoem to decipher the mechanism of action of a potent ha headdirected monoclonal antibody mab bound to an influenza h ha the epitope of the antibody is not solvent accessible in the compact prefusion conformation that typifies all ha structures to date instead the antibody binds between ha head protomers to an epitope that must be partly or transiently exposed in the prefusion conformation the PLB of the ha protomers is implied by the SE of this epitope which is consistent with metastability of class i fusion proteins this structure likely therefore represents an early structural intermediate in the viral F0 process understanding the extent of transient SE of conserved NT epitopes also may lead to new opportunities to combat influenza that have not been appreciated previously | MEDAL |
the properties and regulation of slow inactivation by intracellular and extracellular cations in the human heart k channel hkv have been investigated extensive nh and coohterminal deletions outside the CE core of TM domains did not affect the degree of inactivation the Vc dependence of steadystate inactivation curves of hkv channels was unchanged in rb and cs compared with k but biexponential inactivation over s was reduced from approximately of peak current in na to approximately in k approximately in rb and approximately in cs this occurred as a result of a decrease in both fast and slow components of inactivation with little change in inactivation time constants changes in extracellular cation species and concentration mm had only small effects on the rates of inactivation and recovery from inactivation tau REC approximately s mutation of residues at a putative RII site at r in the outer pore mouth did not affect slow inactivation or recovery from inactivation of hkv although sensitivity to extracellular tea was conferred symmetrical reduction of both intra and extracellular cation concentrations accelerated and augmented both components of inactivation of k kd mm and cs kd mm currents these effects could be quantitatively accounted for by unilateral reduction of intracellular k ki kd mm or csi with constant mm external ion concentrations we conclude that inactivation and REC from inactivation in hkv were not typically ctype in nature however the ion species dependence of inactivation was still closely coupled to ion permeation through the pore intracellular ion modulatory actions were more potent than extracellular actions although still of relatively low affinity these results suggest the presence of ion binding sites capable of regulating inactivation located on both intracellular and extracellular sides of the pore selectivity filter | MEDAL |
several polychlorinated BP pcb isomers and congeners resemble phenobarbitone pb in their mode of induction of the hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes however unlike pcbs which induce AHH no apparent structureactivity correlations have been reported this study examines the effects of structure on the activity of a series of dichlorosubstituted biphenyls as inducers of several microsomal enzyme MICs including dimethylaminoantipyrine ndemethylase BPH aldrin epoxidase and ethoxyresorufin odeethylase the results clearly illustrate a marked effect of structure on activity all of the dichlorosubstituted pcbs resembled pb in their mode of induction however the potency of the induction response was dependent on the substitution DP of the second phenyl ring ie tetrachloro greater than or equal to pentachloro greater than tetrachloro greater than tetrachloro greater than trichloro the structure of the lower chlorinated ring also determined induction potency since the dichlorosubstituted pcbs were generally more AS than their chlorosubstituted analogs whereas the substituted pcb homologs were inactive the structural factors which typify the most active pbtype inducer hexachlorobiphenyl include the presence of two para at least two meta and two orthochloro substituents in addition to the structureactivity correlations noted for pcbs the hexachlorobiphenyl congener also elicited a doseresponse induction of two pbinducible enzymes AE and dimethylaminoantipyrine ndemethylase | MEDAL |
excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mros is strongly associated with mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage aging and degenerative diseases however mros also induces pathways of protection of mitochondria that slow aging inhibit cell death and increase lifespan recent studies show that the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore mptp which is triggered by mros and mitochondrial calcium overloading is enhanced in aged animals and humans and in agingrelated degenerative diseases mptp opening initiates further production and PR of mros that damage both mitochondrial and nuclear dna proteins and phospholipids and also releases matrix nad that is hydrolyzed in the intermembrane space thus contributing to the depletion of cellular nad that accelerates aging oxidative damage to calcium transporters leads to calcium overload and more frequent opening of mptp because aging enhances the opening of the mptp and mptp opening accelerates aging we suggest that mptp opening drives the progression of aging activation of the mptp is regulated directly and indirectly not only by the mitochondrial protection pathways that are induced by mros but also by proapoptotic signals that are induced by dna damage we suggest that the integration of these contrasting signals by the mptp largely determines the rate of cell aging and the initiation of cell death and thus animal lifespan the suggestion that the control of mptp activation is critical for the progression of aging can explain the conflicting and confusing evidence regarding the beneficial and deleterious effects of mros on health and lifespan | MEDAL |
this T0 is a review of patients with histologically confirmed salivary gland carcinoma in the parotid PG the patients were consecutively registered at the radium centre of COP from to the different treatment modalities of these patients are examined concerning recurrence and survival sixtytwo patients obtained local RT control of them were in the group of patients treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation therapy twentyfive patients developed distant metastasis and six patients had disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis the overall year crude survival in this report is tumors of the parotid SGs must not be neglected as early diagnosis and treatment are vital in order to achieve better results | MEDAL |
human granzyme a hfsp hanukah factor serine protease ctla cytotoxic tlymphocyteassociated serine esterase a homodimeric trypsinlike serine protease of kda found in granules of cytolytic t cells and A-NK cells is implicated in lymphocytemediated target cell lysis it contributes to dna fragmentation in perforin prflysed target cells through an unknown mechanism we have isolated a cosmid clone for the functional gene of human granzyme a and established its CR exonintron map of kb using an kb subfragment of the cloned genomic dna as a probe we have identified the chromosomal position of human granzyme a on qq thus the human granzyme a gene falls into a region of homology between human chromosome and mouse chromosome band d where the mouse granzyme a gene has been located previously the granzyme a gene is not linked to known members of the large superfamily of serine proteases | MEDAL |
different C2 of parasympathetic control of the HR were measured using ratios of the longest to the shortest intervals between rwaves in the ecgs rr recorded during a deep breathing exercise in the supine position RSA the mean of absolute differences in consecutive rr intervals was also measured in the supine position during QS PLB beattobeat R2 in six healthy volunteers T3 cumulative doses of atropine mg kg iv full atropinization was observed at mg kg where the RSA decreased by and the beattobeat R2 dropped by there was no further drop in both indices at doses above mg kg the different levels of parasympathetic control of the heart were directly proportional to the equivalent levels of respiratory sinus arrhythmia or beattobeat variation a universal linear vagal scale was calculated for use with these noninvasive indices to assess the C2 of parasympathetic control of the heart zero in this scale would represent no activities in the cardiac vagus nerve it was concluded that vagal tone could be selectively measured in an intact person using these simplified and fast algorithms for quantifying respiratory SA or beattobeat R2 a linear scale for measuring the vagal tone was possible this linear scale was called the linear vagal scale lvs | MEDAL |
adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors are grouped together under the name catecholamine receptors CAs and catecholaminergic drugs act on catecholamine receptors located on or near the CVS the physiological effects of catecholamine receptor stimulation are only partly understood the CA drugs used in critical care medicine today are not selective or are at best in part selective for the various catecholamine receptor subtypes many patients however depend on them a variety of animal models has been developed to unravel catecholamine distribution and CF however the identification of species heterogeneity makes it imperative to determine catecholamine receptor CSD and function in humans in addition agerelated alterations in catecholamine receptor CSD and function have been identified in human adults this might have implications for our understanding of the effect of CAs in pediatric patients this article will focus on the pediatric population and will review currently available in vitro data on the distribution and the CF of catecholamine receptors in the cardiovascular system of fetuses and children also discussed are relevant young animal models and in vivo hemodynamic effects of cardiotonic drugs acting on the catecholamine receptor in children requiring major CS a better understanding of these topics might provide clues for new receptor subtypeselective therapeutic approaches in newborns and children with cardiac disease | MEDAL |
necrotizing enterocolitis nec and nosocomial sepsis are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in PT infants through prevention of bacterial migration across the mucosa CE of pathogenic bacteria and enhancing the immune responses of the host prophylactic enteral probiotics live microbial supplements may play a role in reducing nec and associated morbidity | MEDAL |
positive inotropic efficacies maximal increase in CF and potencies of the alphaadrenoceptor agonist methoxamine and betaadrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline were determined on electrically driven hz ventricular strips from rats aged and AD weeks the inotropic response to methoxamine significantly decreased after weeks of age the inotropic potency of isoprenaline was slightly but significantly lower at all ages than at weeks of age up to weeks of age the maximal inotropic effect of methoxamine was comparable with that of isoprenaline thereafter it was but markedly less phenylephrine behaved like methoxamine and noradrenaline like isoprenaline the effect of methoxamine was antagonized by prazosin but not by propranolol the reverse was true for isoprenaline i.v. at birth of triiodothyronine and dexamethasone exerted minimal effects on the inotropic responses to methoxamine and isoprenaline chemical sympathectomy with hydroxydopamine caused supersensitivity to the inotropic effects of isoprenaline but produced subsensitivity to responses to methoxamine at week effects of methoxamine at and weeks of age were not altered by sympathectomy no significant differences in alpha or beta adrenoceptor densities or affinities in VVI membranes from dayold and adult rats were found it is concluded that the positive inotropic responses to sympathomimetic amines decline with age the decline is most marked in the case of alpha adrenoreceptor mediated effects and these changes do not appear to be due to a decrease in the number or affinity of alpha and beta adrenoceptors | MEDAL |
an ecological T0 was performed to identify patterns in the spatial distribution of neonatal mortality and risk areas as well as associated AF in salvador bahia state brazil a thematic map was constructed and techniques were used for formal assessment of spatial dependence no spatial and spatial regression models were used to assess possible relationships between selected factors and spatial CSD of neonatal mortality spatial autocorrelation was observed in neonatal mortality i p so its CSD was nonrandom the analysis showed a spatial DP in which the highest risk live births was concentrated in the downtown Az and peripheral neighborhoods with the highest concentration of lowincome families and this was associated with the target risk factors the proportion of low birth weight newborns was the only VL that was significantly associated with neonatal mortality living conditions may have contributed to the uneven spatial CSD of neonatal mortality in this city | MEDAL |
this study investigated whether nterminalprobtype natriuretic peptide ntprobnp C2 could serve as prognostic indicators of the therapeutic responsiveness of the PDA to pharmacologic treatment the C2 of ntprobnp in premature neonates with hemodynamically significant patency of the ductus arteriosus hspda were assessed before and after treatment using ibuprofen indomethacin or both the baseline ntprobnp levels were similar in both the infants who responded and those who did not respond to medical treatment the combined data for all the subjects showed that ntprobnp decreased T3 treatment but the decrease did not correlate significantly with treatment success or failure of the infants did not respond to treatment with ductal closure although the pretreatment ntprobnp levels wethe expression of the second form of gnrh gnrhii in tumor tissue and peripheral blood MNC cells pbmcs in malignant and benign ovarian PT in humans | MEDAL |
the responses of single units in the cats pulvinarcomplex comprising the VPI medial and PL nuclei were studied in paralysed cats lightly anaesthetized with noo supplemented with pentobarbitone about of the cells were visually driven and their receptive fields classified as either diffuse con movement sensitive direction CS or orientation CS the response fields of such cells were commonly C1 response field maps for the movement and direction CS cells formed a heterogenous population with uniform onoff fields to more complex arrangements with on or offcentres often with only partial surrounds other cells responded exclusively to moving stimuli a dual representation of the visual field was found in the pulvinarcomplex corresponding to the striate and tectal recipient zones described anatomically by others the representation in the striate recipient zone comprised an oblique column running mediolaterally and rostrocaudally through the inferior pulvinar and lateral margin of the PM the IP VF was represented laterally and the vertical meridian medially the upper visual field was represented dorsolaterally in the medial pulvinar and the lower visual field caudoventrally within the VPI pulvinar that this visuotopic organization corresponded to the striate recipient zone was established by tracing the VA transport of hrp medial to the striate zone evidence for a second visual field representation was found apparently more randomly organized than the striate zone corresponding to the presumed tectal recipient zone these results support the assertion that cytoarchitectural boundaries do not necessarily delineate PET visuotopically organized regions these observations suggest caution when comparing cytoarchitecturally defined regions between species rather functionally equivalent regions should be compared | MEDAL |
epilepsy is a common disease of the central nervous system tetanic spasms and convulsions are the key symptoms exhibited during ES however the majority of patients have a significant postâseizure silence following a serious seizure the underlying molecular neural mechanisms in this burst interval are unclear the aim of the present study was to reveal the effect and role of calciumâactivated potassium channels during this seizure interval silence period cyclothiazide ctz was used to establish the seizure model in rat HPC cultured SN then the afterâburst hyperpolarization abh MICs were recorded using the patch clamp technique by comparing the amplitude and duration of hyperpolarizations the present T0 analyzed the association between epileptiform bursts and abhs when treated with different concentrations of ctz in addition apamin and iberiotoxin were used for pharmacological tests an intracranial electroencephalogram eeg recording was also performed when the ctz experiments were repeated on animals the exp results revealed that treatment with high levels of ctz induced larger abhs and was associated with stronger burst activities which suggested a positive correlation between abh and epileptiform burst apamin an antagonist of small conductance calciumâactivated potassium sk channels decreased the amplitude of abh however reduced abh was associated with enhanced burst activity in burst probability and burst strength these results revealed an important role of sk channels in the formation of abh and in the inhibition of burst activity iberiotoxin an antagonist of big conductance calciumâactivated potassium bk channels had no significant effect on abh and burst activity in addition a positive correlation was identified between burst duration and abh parameters an intracellular calcium chelator impaired the amplitude of abh however it did not affect the burst parameters the rat cortical eeg recordings also exhibited a similar positive rho between the duration of epileptic burst and T3 burst depression collectively the results indicate that abh may serve in the physiological feedback system to reduce the strength of epileptic hyperexcitation a process in which sk channels are important | MEDAL |
liposomes bearing different net surface charges have been prepared and their ability to entrap the caactivated photoprotein obelin has been studied negativelycharged liposomes composed of eggyolk lecithin cholesterol and phosphatidylserine consistently produced the most homogeneous populations of liposomes after sonication as shown by electron microscopy after negative IF these consisted of a large proportion of uni and bilamellar vesicles within the size range of nm external diameter sonicated negativelycharged liposomes had a mean aqueous obelin space of microlitermumol of phospholipid compared to a mean space for in ccarboxylic acid of microlitermumol of phospholipid sonication reduced the ca permeability of the negativelycharged liposomes as measured by the utilization of entrapped obelin preparations of uncharged no phosphatidylserine and positivelycharged stearylamine instead of phosphatidylserine sonicated liposomes contained a greater proportion of larger LDV which were more permeable to ca than sonicated negativelycharged liposomes obelin trapped within sonicated negativelycharged liposomes responded to increases in the free ca concentration within the liposomes caused by the bivalentcation ionophore a at concentrations as low as nm the effect of a was inhibited by mg at a low concentration of ca mum but not at mm ca it was concluded that obelin could be trapped in the AQ compartment of sonicated liposomes which remained relatively impermeable to ca furthermore trapped obelin could respond to changes in the free ca concentration within these liposomes | MEDAL |
cocaine produces rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects by increasing extracellular dopamine da C2 in the terminal Az of the mesolimbic da system our recent in vitro studies have shown that a muscarinic receptor antagonist trihexyphenidyl thp inhibits the IB of a cocaine analogue to the da transporter at concentrations that are ineffective in inhibiting hda uptake suggesting that thp may attenuate the actions of cocaine selectively the present T0 examined whether thp could affect conditioned place preference cpp for and locomotor stimulant activity of cocaine and methamphetamine map in mice mice were injected with cocaine mgkg or map mgkg in one compartment of the cpp chamber times every second day on alternate days the animals received saline in the other compartment of the cpp chamber i.c.v. with thp was made min before cocaine or map injection the cpp score and locomotor activity were assessed using a novel SAM scanet cocaine and map produced cpp for the drugpaired compartment pretreatment with thp mgkg had no influence on cocaineinduced cpp at any dose tested in contrast mapinduced cpp was CR antagonized by thp at mgkg which produced no cpp by itself another muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine scp mgkg neither caused cpp by itself nor affected the development of cocaine or mapinduced cpp both thp and scp enhanced spontaneous cocaine or mapinduced locomotor activity though the present conditioning treatments failed to develop locomotor sensitization to cocaine thp but not scp acted cooperatively with cocaine to develop locomotor sensitization the development of locomotor sensitization to map was retarded by scp but was not affected by thp these results suggest that contrary to our anticipation thp has a unique characteristic of specifically counteracting the rewarding properties of map via a noncholinergic muscarinic mechanism | MEDAL |
botulinum toxin a bta therapy plays several roles in the management of paediatric cerebral palsy cp however few studies contain objective documentation of gait changes the main aim of this T0 was to provide objective information on the outcome of the treatment gait analysis data from normal subjects and cp childrhe morphology of peritoneal lining cells in control group of HP and morphology of peritoneal lining cells in patients on pd | MEDAL |
AD neurogenesis fundamental for cellular homeostasis in the mammalian olfactory epithelium requires L1 shifts in mRNA to produce mature olfactory SNs osns from multipotent progenitor cells to understand these dynamic events requires identifying not only the genes involved but also the cell types that express each gene only then can the interrelationships of the encoded proteins reveal the sequences of molecular events that control the plasticity of the AD OE | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to estimate the feasibility and accuracy of mesiodistal width measurements with magnetic resonance imaging mri in comparison to conventional d imaging techniques multislice ct msct conebeam ct cbct and µct the measured values of the tooth widths were compared to each other to estimate the amount of radiation necessary to enable orthodontic diagnostics | MEDAL |
T3 its production in the testis a spermatozoon has to undergo posttesticular maturation steps to become fully motile and fertile the first step is epididymal maturation during which immature spermatozoa are transformed into biochemically mature cells ready to proceed to the next step capacitation a physiological process occurring in the female genital tract the PSA transformations include modification of sperm lipid composition during epididymal transit with significant changes in fatty acids phospholipids and sterols between the caput and the cauda EPI spermatozoa although quantitative aspects of these changes are well documented for several rat species molecular mechanisms governing these steps are poorly understood transgenic male mice invalidated for the two CL x receptors lxralpha and lxrbeta nuclear oxysterol receptors regulating cholesterol and lipid metabolism become sterile when aging showing an epididymal phenotype we used singleknty across the length scale of individual FAs is less than an overcrowding threshold to identify these principles we fabricated a series of elastinlike electrospun fabrics with independent control over the local to ligands μm and global to ligand μm densities of an RGD rgd ligand antibody blocking studies confirmed that human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion to these proteinengineered biomaterials was primarily due to αvβ integrin binding clustering ligands enhanced cell proliferation focal adhesion number and focal adhesion kinase expression near the ligands kdeff of rgd μm near this global ligand density cells on ligandclustered fabrics behaved similarly to cells grown on fabrics with significantly larger global ligand densities but without clustering however this enhanced ligandclustering effect was not observed above a threshold cutoff concentration at a local ligand density of rgd μm cell division focal adhesion number and focal adhesion kinase expression were significantly reduced relative to fabrics with MZ global ligand density and lesser local ligand densities thus when clustering results in overcrowding of ligands Int receptors are no longer able to effectively engage with their target ligands together these two insights into the cellular responses to ligand clustering at the cellmatrix interface may serve as design principles when developing future generations of implantable biomaterials | MEDAL |
between january and june we conducted a retrospective analysis to assess postoperative complications related to endoscopic pituitary surgery in a series of patients patients were treated with an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal RPA to the sellar region for removal of pathological sellar and suprasellar lesions we analysed the complications in groups according to the anatomical structures of the RPA and the FS of the PIT gland anterior and posterior endocrine systems and compared them to a large historical series using the traditional microsurgical transsphenoidal RPA overall we observed a decreased incidence of complications with respect to the surgical trauma the functionality of the PIT gland and postoperative patient comfort we believe that the reduction of the complication rate observed in this T0 was mainly due to the wide structural overview offered by the endoscope as well as the anatomically direct and therefore minimally invasive character of the procedure successful endoscopic PIT surgery requires extensive training in the use of an endoscope and careful planning of the surgery furthermore close cooperation between a multidisciplinary team consisting of endocrinologists neurosurgeons ear nose and throat surgeons radiologists and radiation oncologists is of utmost importance | MEDAL |
current research specifies the varied cognitive and psychoeducational deficits in the AD with head injury and the clinical assessment of this population is widespread though often only traditional intellectual measures are used this article provides descriptive data in the first reported study using the woodcockjohnson tests of cognitive ability wjtca woodcock johnson in an OP sample of adults with closed HI the study also addressed a the relationships between the various cognitive clusters of the wjtca and a measure of injury severity coma duration and b the relationships between the wjtca and several halsteadreitan neuropsychological measures correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between coma duration and performance on the perceptual speed and SM clusters of the wjtca no relationships were found between the halstead category test and any of the wjtca cognitive clusters though the trail making test correlated significantly with many of the wjtca clusters time since injury did not correlate with any of the wjtca test results other findings are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of this set of cognitive tests in relation to other psychoeducational and cognitive measures are reviewed | MEDAL |
the application of multivariate wavelet texture analysis mwta is presented and discussed as it is applied to three different types of pharmaceutical materials a tablet cores b wet LG and c controlled PR tablets the application of mws were conducted at initial adsorption temperatures ranging from degrees c to degrees c with temperatureprogrammed regeneration under an inert purge stream in addition to the capture capacity of each amine the efficiencies at which the amidines interact with co were determined capture capacities were obtained for diazobicyclononene dbn and diazobicycloundecene dbu supported on activated carbon at a loading of approximately mol amidine per kg of sorbent moisture was found to be essential for co capture on the amidines but parasitic moisture sorption on the activated carbon ultimately limited the capture capacities dbn was shown to have a higher capture capacity of mol co per kg of sorbent and an efficiency of mol co per mol of amidine at an adsorption temperature of degrees c compared to dbu the results of these experiments were then used in conjunction with a singlesite adsorption model to derive the gibbs free SE for the capture reaction which can provide information about the suitability of the sorbent under different operating conditions | MEDAL |
prototypic strain of pneumonia virus of mice pvm has been described as being nonpathogenic in mice in contrast to the mousepassaged highly virulent CS j previous CS analysis also indicated that strain encodes an attachment g protein that is truncated at the amino terminus which for the amino terminally anchored protein deletes the CT however we found that pvm strain obtained from the american type SC collection was highly virulent in mice and was essentially indistinguishable on that basis from CS j CS analysis showed that this preparation of virus encodes a g protein with an IN cytoplasmic tail the truncated predicted protein in the previous CS appeared to be due to a single nucleotide insertion that disrupted the upstream end of the open reading frame and shifted the translational start site to the next downstream aug taken together the two studies indicate that strain is an inherently virulent CS but that a nonpathogenic variant that was generated during passage in vitro and encodes a truncated g protein exists interestingly the majority CS of CS j was found to encode a g protein with an extended cytoplasmic tail suggesting that there is the potential for considerable plasticity in the CT of the g protein of pvm | MEDAL |
the induction of spontaneous repetitive activity by a drive overdrive excitation was studied in the sinoatrial node of the guinea pig by recording electrical and mechanical activity in sinoatrial preparations made quiescent by exposure to mm caffeine of caffeine plus high ca electrical drive induced action potentials that were followed by oscillatory potentials and simultaneous aftercontractions the OPs and the associated aftercontractions increased in magnitude with successive action potentials thereby initiating spontaneous beats during slow drives or after fast drives the repetitive activity eventually slowed and ceased abruptly as the oscillatory potential failed to attain the threshold overdrive induced oscillatory potential and aftercontractions even when it did not initiate spontaneous activity these results suggest that in the presence of caffeine calcium overload can occur in the sinoatrial node and result in OPs and abnormal automaticity | MEDAL |
five patients with inflammatory bowel disease ibd had abnormalities of the x chromosome the turner syndrome based on the estimated prevalence rate of live female births for the turner syndrome and for ibd random association of these two conditions would be expected in million live female births given these odds the findings in these five patients would suggest a clinical association not based on pure chance and unlikely to be accounted for by berksons or other referral bias it is speculated that abnormal immune mechanism could possibly increase the susceptibility of patients with turner syndrome to develop ibd both conditions cause growth failure awareness of the association has clinical importance in identifyin reward the duration of trains of brain stimulation which was under the control of the subjects in experiment was not altered by administration of pimozide the differences between the effects of pimozide on SMB maintained by intermittent food reward or by intermittent BB stimulation reward limits a global interpretation of the effects of neuroleptics | MEDAL |
multiple studies comparing sirolimuseluting stents ses and paclitaxeleluting stents pes in patients with coronary i.a. disease have been performed despite these comparisons it remains uncertain whether a differential in longterm efficacy and safety exists unselected patients treated exclusively with drugeluting stent type were enrolled in the registry experience at the washington hospital center with drugeluting stents there were patients lesions treated with ses and patients lesions treated with pes patients were followed at days year and years for the clinical endpoints of death myocardial infarction target vessel revascularization and definite and definiteprobable stent thrombosis patients in the ses group had more dyslipidemia history of CHF and ostial lesions patients treated with pes had more previous PD bypass surgery unstable angina and type c lesions at years unadjusted major adverse CE mace vs p and target vessel revascularization vs p were comparable the incidence of definite stent thrombosis was higher in the ses group vs p driven by early events similar results were seen after adjustment for baseline differences mace hazard ratio confidence interval ci to p definite stent thrombosis hazard ratio ci to p and target vessel revascularization hazard ratio ci to p the incidence and rate of late strement moreover residual cd can be evaluated in the range from to psnm the results indicate that careful adjustment of delay is necessary in order to ensure accurate measurement | MEDAL |
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma rms is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumour that is believed to arise from cells committed to a skeletal muscle lineage the head and neck region is among the most frequent locations for embryonal rms in adults we present a retrospective review of seven patients treated in our institution between and the age at diagnosis ranged from to years one patient received primary surgery followed by ART six inoperable patients were treated along a single chemotherapy protocol the viavip regimen a combination of vincristine ifosfamide and doxorubicin via in alternation with etoposide ifosfamide and cisplatin vip po in weekly cycles followed by local therapy involving radiation therapy andor surgery an objective response to chemotherapy was observed in all six patients three out of seven patients remain diseasefree with a median follow up of years although the prognosis of head and neck embryonal rms is worse in adults than in children a multimodality treatment combining surgery radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy is feasible and effective in this population | MEDAL |
cell membrane potential was measured with a FCM by quantitating the intracellular accumulation of a FL cationic carbocyanine dye we used this system to demonstrate depolarization upon the addition of hydrogen peroxide microm and ferrous chloride microm to cultures of either neonatal rat myocardial or llcpk LLC-PK1 cells ferrous chlorideinduced depolarization was prevented by superoxide dismutase catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide suggesting roles for the superoxide anion hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical in effecting this depolarization possibly through a fentontype reaction mechanism supplementation of either cell type with microm tocopherol acid succinate during growth in tissue culture prior to exposure to the oxidizing agent decreased the magnitude of the depolarization in both cell types the results are consistent with a role for tocopherols in scavenging free radical species responsible for the depolarization of the CM | MEDAL |
hospital technology decision makers now confront a growing pipeline of IT it and major medical equipment that challenges traditional capital allocation processes in a highly fragmented industry that is driven by coverage and reimbursement policies set by the centers for medicare and medicaid services cms and private insurers the cumulative impact of hospitals technology investment decisions shapes health care for decadeswe propose a framework for the development of a national collaboration for the planning and assessment of emerging technologies designed to improve the quality and efficiency of hospital decisions broader application of technology assessment would restrain inappropriate technology adoption and use | MEDAL |
the continuous intracortical infusion of a glia toxin fluorocitrate at the concentration of mm caused a decrease in the cortical extracellular contents of an intrinsic coagonist for the nmethyldaspartate nmda type glutamate receptor dserine by peaking at min by but produced an increase in those of glycine and lserine the att glial activity by FC was verified by a marked reduction in the extracellular glutamine contents the present findings suggest that a group of glial cells such as a population of the protoplasmic astrocytes could at least in part participate differently in the regulation of the extracellular PR of dserine and another nmda coagonist glycine in the medial frontal SC of the rat | MEDAL |
meticulous hemostasis is a necessity during laparoscopic procedures in maintaining a clear VF and avoiding the need for an D2 laparotomy to secure hemostasis methods of hemostasis available to laparoscopic surgeons include direct pressure sutureclip ligation conventional monopolar or argonenhanced coagulation and application of topical hemostatic agents the effectiveness of topical hemostatic agents for open surgical procedures has been demonstrated however to date laparoscopic utilization of topical hemostatic agents has been hampered by lack of compatible forms for laparoscopic instillation endoavitene is a x mm rolled sheet of microfibrillar collagen hemostat available in an applicator capable of placement through standard laparoscopic trocar the use of endoavitene during laparoscopicallydirected CL biopsies in a porcine model is reported the effective hemostatic properties of Avitene were reaffirmed and the clinical utility of endoavitene for laparoscopic use is demonstrated | MEDAL |
ankles from cadavers were dissected to evaluate the risk of PNI from an arthroscopic procedure a total of cadavers ankles were examined to assess the course of the peroneal nerve and cadavers ankles were examined for the saphenous nerve sn in of specimens the superficial peroneal nerve ran between the lateral border of the talocrural joint and the peroneus tertius tendon at the talocrural joint level where the AL portal was placed therefore the SF peroneal nerve was at high risk for injury with anterolateral portal placement at the anteromedial portal site between the medial border of the talocrural joint and the TA tendon the sn coursed an average of mm medial to the medial border of the talocrural joint sns in this area were all terminal branches therefore AM portal placement avoids nerve injury | MEDAL |
glyoxylic acidinduced MA fluorescence gif was used to map the CSD of catecholaminecontaining cell bodies and terminals in the rat NTS nts and dorsal medulla in addition the relative vascularity of the nts was quantified by examination of tissue perfused with pontamine sky blue the gifreactive cell bodies within the nts complex were caudal to the rostral pole of the AP and are therefore considered to be the a cell body group as defined by dahlström and fuxe the a cell body group was composed of n small to medium sized SN micron diameter located on the dorsal and lateral edges of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus gif terminal density was found to be most dense in the medial portion of the nts as compared to the lateral or midline portions of the nts dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus or hypoglossal nucleus quantitative blood vessel analysis revealed that the nts is significantly less vascularized than the surrounding nucleus gracilius CG or DMN of the vagus a full serial section analysis of nts stained either for gif cell bodies terminals or blood vessels has been obtained this detailed presentation of catecholaminecontaining profiles and blood vessels in the dorsal medulla may facilitate future studies aimed at examining central control of autonomic CF | MEDAL |
to evaluate the radial displacement of clinical target volume in the patients with node negative head and neck hn cancer and to quantify the relative positional changes compared to that of normal healthy volunteers | MEDAL |
the halophilic archaea display a considerable extent of enzyme diversity the presence or absence of certain enzymatic MICs is closely linked with the taxonomic status of the strains investigated thus halobacterium species such as hb salinarium hb halobium and hb cutirubrum differ from most other halobacteriaceae tested by the possession of an naddependent glycerol dehydrogenase by the absence of methylglyoxal synthase activity and the ability of fermentative growth on arginine species such as hb saccharovorum and hb sodomense which are still classified within the genus halobacterium have an enzymatic machinery greatly different from that of the hb salinariumhb halobium group confirming the need for a taxonomic reappraisal of these species the presence of naddependent dlactate dehydrogenase is characteristic of representatives of the genus haloarcula which possess only low activities of nadindependent l and dlactate dehydrogenases if at all other enzymes which show considerable diversity are fructose bisphosphate aldolase of which two classes exist and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase which is present in a limited number of species | MEDAL |
we describe herein the case of a yearold man with thalassemia who developed ALF after undergoing endoscopic injection sclerotherapy eis to control hemorrhage from a ruptured esophageal varix the patient who had been confirmed as having liver cirrhosis due to CH c with thalassemia in was admitted to our departmres during incremental TM exercise at the mmol level there were no significant differences p in peak vo between groups for both prepubertal and teenage boys the mmol lactate level represented a higher mean peak vo than for the mean p the prepubertal and teenage values were again not significantly different p AF other than maturation during puberty influence blood lactate responses to exercise | MEDAL |
tumors synthesize fluorescent and photosensitizing endogenous protoporphyrin T3 administrations of aminolevulinic acid ala localization of PT and tumorlike lesions in various organs that are labeled with fluorescing porphyrins has thus developed into a diagnostic method intraoperative photodynamic PCD of malignant gliomas is the most common application and has been widely performed since although several methods to identify parathyroid glands have been employed photodynamic methods have not yet been used for this application in shimizu et al showed that human parathyroid PG could be identified photodynamically with ala we have performed photodynamic identification of human parathyroid glands in an additional cases in hyperparathyroidism detection of morbid parathyroid glands is extremely important on the other hand the identification and preservation of normal parathyroid PG is important for preventing hypoparathyroidism T3 thyroid surgery our method allows the visualization of both morbid and normal parathyroid PG we believe that intraoperative photodynamic identification of human parathyroid PG is feasible and practical allowing lessinvasive moreprecise neck surgery | MEDAL |
two patients with clinically relevant anomalies of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon lhbt are presented with mr arthrography and surgical rho such variations in the lhbt can mimic tears of the tendon itself or the adjacent superior labrum both on mr arthrography and at surgery mr arthrographic features are recognizable and allow for correct prospective diagnosis possibly averting unnecessary surgery although further study is needed patients with these anomalies may be at increased risk for developing shoulder instability | MEDAL |
it was found that Hly of e coli p hiy was maximally AS against human erythrocytes at ph the hemolytic activity is characterized in time by a distinct lagphase and a phase of the greatest velocity of the reaction immediately following it the duration of the lagphase and also the rate of hemolysis depends on alphahemolysin concentration whose increase is accompanied by a decrease of the lagphase and acceleration of hemolysis there is a definite limit below which the duration of the lagphase remains unchanged with further increase of Hly concentration there was noted a linear relationship between the amount of erythrocytes taken for the test and the rate of hemoglobin PR and also a temperature activation of the hemolytic reaction | MEDAL |
patients who develop PIH exhibit a lesser increment in prostacyclin biosynthesis than healthy Pr subjects whether this precedes the development of clinical disease and therefore may be important in the pathogenesis of pregnancyinduced hypertension or is a secondary event is unknown we prospectively determined prostacyclin biosynthesis in Pr subjects at risk of developing pregnancyinduced hypertension by use of noninvasive approach measurement of the urinary metabolite dinorketoprostaglandin f alpha patients were recruited at less than weeks gestation after delivery patients were retrospectively allocated by use of preset criteria to one of four groups PIH n hypertension in labor n chronic hypertension n and normotension n there was a significant increase in prostacyclin biosynthesis in all T0 groups during gestation however patients who developed PIH exhibited a lesser increment and this difference persisted throughout gestation these results are consistent with a pathophysiologic role for altered prostacyclin biosynthesis in women with pregnancyinduced hypertension in addition decreased prostacyclin formation identifies a population at risk of developing PIH such information would assist the design of clinical trials of drugs such as aspirin that might prevent the OD of this disease | MEDAL |
osteoarthritic disease is the result of mechanical and biological events that destabilize the normal processes of Kd and synthesis of articular cartilage chondrocytes extracellular matrix and subchondral bone OA of the knee can cause symptoms ranging from mild to disabling initial management of most patients should be nonoperative but because of the progressive nature of the disease many patients with osteoarthritis of the knee eventually benefit from operative treatment various procedures have been described for treatment of the osteoarthritic knee ranging from arthroscopic lavage and debridement to total knee arthroplasty the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the clinical results of distraction arthroplasty combined with arthroscopic lavage and drilling of cartilage defects for treatment of OA of the knee nineteen patients women and men age range years were operated on pre and postoperative findings were compared a control group comprising patients treated with only arthroscopic procedures was evaluated for comparison followup ranged from to years results were evaluated both clinically and radiologically postoperatively and throughout the followup period clinically pain and walking capacity improved in most patients radiologically joint space widening and improvement of the tibiofemoral angle was noted in nearly all patients | MEDAL |
recent studies have shown that injection of the tracer wheatgerm agglutininhorseradish peroxidase wgahrp into the superior C2 ganglion scg of one side results in labelling of neurons in the CL scg and the stellate ganglion this T0 was designed to verify whether or not bilateral projections from the SCG ganglion to the midline structures particularly to the pineal gland play a role in the transport of wgahrp to the CL scg one group of rats received wgahrp injection into the right scg group i four groups of rats underwent the following operations prior to the i.t. of wgahrp into the RA SCG transection of the external carotid nerve group ii transection of the internal carotid nerve group iii transection of the external carotid nerve combined with pinealectomy group iv transection of both the internal and the external carotid nerves group v the mean number of labelled neurons in the left scg of each group were found as follows GI mean sd group ii group iii group iv group v the results of this study suggest that the contralateral labelling depends on the transneuronal transport of wgahrp through the terminal fields of innervation of the midline structures that receive bilateral projections from both scgs | MEDAL |
biomarkers may qualify diagnosis treatment allocation and prognostication in neonatal encephalopathy biomarker OD is challenged by competing etiologies interindividual genetic variability and a lack of TPS neonatal markers to address these challenges we used a standardized neonatal HI hi HIVE MM with pre and posthi sampling of CSF fluid csf and plasma | MEDAL |
we have recently shown that endothelin et activates two types of capermeable nonselective cation channels designated nscc and nscc and storeoperated ca channel socc these channels can be pharmacologically discriminated using betamethoxyphenylpropoxymethoxyphenethylhimidazoe l hydrochloride skf a blocker of nscc and socc and rsdihydrodimethoxyisoquinolinegamma lphenylnnditrimethoxyphenylethylacetamide loe a blocker of nscc and nscc for our T0 we characterized ICa involved in etinduced contractions and increases in the [Ca(2+)](i) cai using these blockers our results show that the response to lower concentrations of et involves only one ca channel which is sensitive to skf and loe nscc in contrast the response to higher concentrations of et involves two types of ca channel in addition to nscc one is sensitive to skf but resistant to loe socc and the other is resistant to skf but sensitive to loe nscc furthermore the percentage contribution of ca entry through nscc nscc and socc is calculated to be and respectively | MEDAL |
the naglucose cotransporter sglt is an archetype for the slc family which is comprised of nacoupled transporters for sugars myoinositol choline and organic anions application of the reducing agent dithriothreitol dtt mm to oocytes expressing human sglt affects the proteins presteadystate currents integration of these currents at different membrane potentials vm produces a qv curve whose form was shifted by mv due to dtt the role of the endogenous cysteine residues was investigated by expressing sglt constructs each bearing a single mutation for an individual cysteine in xenopus oocytes using twomicroelectrode voltageclamp electrophysiology and FL labeling of the mutants were PET and could be separated into three distinct CG based on the effect of the mutation on the qv curve four mutants did not perturb the transferred charge six mutants shifted the qv curve towards negative potentials and two mutants ca and ca produced a shift in the positive direction that was MZ to the shift produced by dtt on the wildtype wt sglt the double mutant ca confirms that the effects of each single mutant on the qv curve were not additive with respect to wt sglt the apparent affinities for alphamethylglucose alphamg were increased in a similar manner for the single mutants ca and ca the double mutant ca as well as for wt sglt treated with dtt when exposed to a maleimidebased fluorescent probe wt sglt was not significantly labeled but mutants ca and ca could be clearly labeled indicating an accessible cysteine residue these residues are presumed to be c and c respectively as the double mutant ca could not be labeled these results strongly support the hypothesis that c and c form a disulfide bridge in human sglt and that this disulfide bridge is involved in the conformational change of the free carrier | MEDAL |
the article is a review of the various aspects of the undifferentiated SpA data on the prevalence denote considerable frequency of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies in various age groups clinical PS evolution and treatment are provided the special attention is given to a problem of juvenile spondyloarthropathies changes of the nomenclature of the spondyloarthropathies are offered allowing to improve diagnostics and treatment of these diseases | MEDAL |
fMRI can be applied to study connectivity in the brain during a no task condition this study focuses on applying a MLR analysis to identify spurious connectivity caused by confounding factors such as physiologic noise and to separate these from HPC connectivity caused by the blood oxygen level dependent bold signal during a notask condition regressors of interest hippocampal time courses as well as regressors of no interest respiratory signal and cerebrospinal fluid were included in the analysis and each yielded a connectivity map this method was applied at high sampling rate limited volume proper physiologic noise sampling low sampling rate whole BB scans possible and at high and low spatial resolution in five healthy control subjects regressors of no interest showed TPS connectivity patterns different from HPC regressors the latter showed connectivity between left and RA hippocampus the current T0 shows successful application of a multiple regression analysis to study connectivity between left and RA hippocampus both maps of hippocampal connectivity caused by bold signal and connectivity caused by spurious signals could be identified | MEDAL |
eosinophils are multifunctional leucocytes that play a role in inflammatory processes including allergy and infection although bone marrow bm inflammatory cells are the main source of eosinophilbasophil eob differentiationinducing cytokines a recent role has been demonstrated for cytokine induction through tolllike receptor tlrmediated signalling in bm progenitors having previously demonstrated that cord blood cb progenitors induce eob colonyforming units cfu after lipopolysaccharide lps stimulation we sought to investigate the intracellular mechanisms by which lps induces eob differentiation freshly isolated cdenriched human B6 cells were stimulated with lps andor pharmacological inhibitors and assessed for alterations in haematopoietic cytokine receptor expression and signalling pathways by flow cytometry eob cfu in methylcellulose cultures and cytokine secretion using luminex assays the lps stimulation resulted in a significant increase in granulocytemacrophage colonystimulating factor gmcsfresponsive as opposed to interleukinresponsive eob cfu which also correlated with significant increases in cd cell gmcsfrα expression functionally B6 cd cells secrete abundant amounts of gmcsf following lps stimulation via a p MAP kinase mapkdependent mechanism this secretion was responsible for eob cfu formation ex vivo as shown by antibody blockade we show for the first time that lps stimulation of B6 progenitor cells results in autocrine activation of p mapkdependent gmcsf secretion facilitating eob differentiation ex vivo this work provides evidence that early life SE to products of bacterial agents can modulate eob differentiation representing a novel mechanism by which progenitor cells can respond to microbial stimuli and so affect immune and inflammatory responses | MEDAL |
endothelial barrier dysfunction which is a serious problem that occurs in various inflammatory conditions permits extravasation of serum components into the surrounding tissues leading to edema formation and organ failure pigment epitheliumderived factor pedf which is a major endogenous antagonist has been implicated in diverse biological process but its role in EC barrier dysfunction has not been defined to assess the role of pedf in the vasculature we evaluated the effects of exogenous pedf using HUVE cells huvecs in vitro our results demonstrated that exogenous pedf activated pmapk signalling pathway in a dose and timedependent manner and induced vascular hyperpermeability as measured by the markedly increased fitcdextran leakage and the decreased transendothelial electrical resistance ter across the monolayer cells which was accompanied by MTs mts disassembly and factin rearrangement however the aforementioned alterations can be arrested by the application of low concentration of pmapk inhibitor sb these results reveal a novel role for pedf as a potential vasoactive substance in inducing hyperpermeability furthermore our results suggest that pedf and pmapk may serve as therapeutic targets for maintaining vascular integrity | MEDAL |
frataxin deficiency is the main cause of friedreich ataxia an AR neurodegenerative disorder frataxin function in mitochondria has not been fully explained yet in this work we show that saccharomyces cerevisiae frataxin orthologue yfhp interacts physically with succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits sdhp and sdhp of the yeast mitochondrial electron transport chain and also with ETF complex etfalpha and etfbeta subunits from the electron transfer flavoprotein complex genetic synthetic interaction experiments confirmed a functional relationship between yfh and succinate dehydrogenase genes sdh and sdh we also demonstrate a physical interaction between human frataxin and human succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits suggesting also a key role of frataxin in the mitochondrial electron transport chain in humans consequently we suggest a direct participation of the RC in the pathogenesis of the friedreich ataxia which we propose to be considered as an oxphos disease | MEDAL |
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation rtms is emerging as a new therapeutic tool in epilepsy where it can be used to suppress seizures or treat comorbid conditions such as mood disorder however as rtms carries a risk of inducing seizures among other AEs its safety and tolerability in the population with epilepsy warrant distinct consideration as this group is especially seizureprone accordingly we performed a review of the literature to estimate the risk of seizures and other adverse events associated with rtms in patients with epilepsy we performed an englishlanguage literature search and reviewed all studies published from january to february in which patients with epilepsy were treated with rtms and complemented the literature search with personal correspondence with authors when necessary we identified publications that described patients with epilepsy who underwent rtms and noted total number of relevant subjects medication usage incidence of adverse events and rtms parameters including CS- frequency number of stimuli train duration intertrain interval coil type and stimulation sites the data were analyzed for adverse events related to rtms crude persubject risk as well as persubject mean risk weighted by sample size and risk per stimuli weighted by number of stimuli in each T0 were computed for seizures and for other AEs AEs or lack thereof was reported in studies n subjects AEs attributed to rtms were generally mild and occurred in of subjects HA was most common occurring in the most serious adverse event was seizure during treatment which occurred in four patients crude persubject risk all but one case were the patients typical seizures with respect to duration and semiology and were associated with lowfrequency rtms a single case of an atypical seizure appearing to arise from the region of stimulation during highfrequency rtms is reported no rtmsrelated episodes of SE were reported we cautiously conclude that the risk of seizure in patients with epilepsy undergoing rtms is small and the risk of other mild AEs is comparable to that seen when rtms is used to treat other diseases status epilepticus or lifethreatening seizures have not been reported in patients undergoing rtms treatment rtms thus appears to be nearly as safe in patients with epilepsy as in nonepileptic individuals and warrants further investigation as a therapy in this population | MEDAL |
we investigated whether lowcontrast resolution evaluation can be applied to chest lung field computed tomography ct images that are commonly reconstructed using filter kernels with strong frequency emphasis and displayed at wide window widths we assumed low dose chest ct examinations and set the currenttime product to and mas the visual PCD study was performed by five radiological technologists using water phantom images in which the simulated low contrast objects disc objects were implanted in addition values of the low contrast detectability index lcdi based on a signaltonoise ratio theorem were calculated from the modulation transfer factor noise power spectrum and the objects spectrum for each combination of object size contrast currenttime product and kernel the detectability results correlated well with the lcdi values and correlated less well with the contrasttonoise ratio results these results were consistent with the results of past reports on abdomen images therefore our results indicated that low contrast sensitivity can be applied to chest ct images as well as ABD ones | MEDAL |
aging and apolipoprotein e apoe expression are strong risk factors for the development of alzheimers disease ad however their pathological roles remain to be clarified in the process of ad development the conversion of the nontoxic amyloid betaprotein abeta monomer to its toxic aggregates is a fundamental process we previously hypothesized that abeta aggregation is accelerated through the generation of GM1 gmbound abeta which acts as a seed for abeta fibril formation here we report that gm level in detergentresistant membrane microdomains drms of synaptosomes increased with age and that this increase was significantly pronounced in the apoe than the apoeknockin mouse BB furthermore we show that abeta aggregation is markedly accelerated in the presence of the synaptosomes of the aged apoeknockin mouse brain these observations suggest that aging and apoe expression cooperatively accelerate abeta aggregation in the BB through an increase in the level of gm in neuronal membranes | MEDAL |
Th1 monocytic cytokines such as interleukin il tumour CN factoralpha tnfalpha and il have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of elevated betamicroglobulin betam SS concentrations in patients undergoing haemodialysis with socalled bioincompatible dialyser membranes however neither the source of the elevated serum betam nor the precise role of monocytic cytokines in the expression of the betam gene have been elucidated conclusively the aim of the current study was to evaluate whether monocytic cytokines and in particular il are regulators of betam mRNA in human hepatoma cells tlymphocytes and monocytes | MEDAL |
static and dynamic lung volumes maximum respiratory pressures and lung compliance and resistance were registered in subjects with hemiplegia or hemiparesis T3 stroke these measures of ventilatory function were related to the degree of motor impairment and to the interval between stroke and investigation in GA VE function particularly parameters depending upon expiratory force was restricted this was most pronounced in subjects with severe hemiplegia while those with hemiparesis had only small changes since dynamic lung volumes corrected for volume loss CL and resistance were all normal it is evident that intrinsic lung CF was unaffected inspiratory capacity but no other measured variables of respiratory CF was lower six months after the stroke than earlier it is suggested that expiratory muscle dyscoordination and weakness caused expiratory dysfunction while the less pronounced inspiratory restriction may be caused by muscular dysfunction and as time goes by by RC contracture | MEDAL |
thoracic involvement occurs more frequently in SVR LE than in any other connective tissue diseases and more than half of patients with the disease suffer from the involvement primary intrathoracic manifestations include pleural disease effusions andor thickening acute lupus pneumonitis subacute interstitial lung disease including bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia with fibrosis chronic interstitial lung disease of usual interstitial pneumonia PH pulmonary vascular disease small airway disease of BO and pulmonary arterial hypertension AA i.t. manifestations include atelectasis due to DIA dysfunction opportunistic pneumonia drug and oxygen toxicity aspiration and pleuropulmonary consequences of cardiac and renal failure | MEDAL |
fermentation of vegetables and fruits is a traditional preservation technique eg in eastern europe although usually spontaneous fermentation processes are applied the addition of lactic acid bacteria lab starter cultures could accelerate processing and improve the consistency and quality of the endproducts | MEDAL |
in the rare medical condition termed injection amyloidosis extracellular fibrils of insulin are observed we found that the segment of the insulin bchain with sequence lvealyl is the smallest segment that both nucleates and inhibits the fibrillation of fulllength insulin in a molar ratiodependent manner suggesting that this segment is CE to the crossbeta spine of the insulin fibril in isolation from the rest of the protein lvealyl forms microcrystalline aggregates with fibrillar morphology the structure of which we determined to a resolution the lvealyl segments are stacked into pairs of tightly interdigitated betasheets each pair displaying the dry steric zipper interface typical of amyloidlike fgence our sensory conditions consisted of visualonly v hapticonly h and visuohaptic vh which allowed us to evaluate integration using the superadditivity metric we also presented each CS- condition at two different C2 of SNR ratio or salience the salience manipulation allowed us to assess integration using the rule of inverse effectiveness we were able to localize previously described visuohaptic objectselective regions in the lateral OC lateral occipital tactilevisual area and the intraparietal sulcus and also localized a new region in the left anterior fusiform gyrus there was no evidence of superadditivity with the vh CS- at either level of salience in any of the regions there was however a strong effect of salience on multisensory enhancement the response to the vh CS- was more enhanced at higher salience across all regions in other words the regions showed enhanced integration of the vh stimulus with increasing effectiveness of the unisensory stimuli we called the effect enhanced effectiveness the presence of enhanced effectiveness in visuohaptic objectselective BB regions demonstrates neuronal convergence of visual and haptic sensory inputs for the purpose of processing object shape | MEDAL |
3H otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa was applied to adult mouse skin at specified time intervals the mice were killed and the labeled phorbol was extracted and subjected to separation and quantitation by highpressure liquid chromatography after hr tpa comprised greater than of the recovered label from the skin and its apparent halflife was hr i.c.v. of adult skin with tpa for weeks before treatment with labeled tpa resulted in an increase in the clearance rate of tpa from the skin skin from P0 mice was capable of converting tpa into monoesters and phorbol but the CL in the AD was about times more rapid than it was in the P0 epidermal homogenates converted tpa into otetradecanoylphorbol phorbolacetate and phorbol hepatic homogenates were able to convert tpa to monoesters and phorbol at rates to times faster than were epidermal homogenates attempts to isolate any previously undescribed metabolites of tpa by use of CL homogenates were unsuccessful and mixedfunction oxidation did not contribute to the metabolism of tpa from inhibitor studies it was judged that esterases were implicated in the conversion of tpa to monoesters and phorbol the results support the hypothesis that the tumorpromoting activity of tpa is directly related to its concentration in a specific tissue and that conversion of tpa to an AS metabolite probably does not occur | MEDAL |
earlier TPS cellmediated immune reactions and their modulation by different drugs were reported against human vascular antigens in patients with V1 diseases presently the effect of etofibrate lipomerz was studied on cellular immune reactions induced by human aorta with lipid plaques and on serum lipid parameters in men with acute myocardial infarction and in men with arteriosclerosis obliterans compared to HCs LMT and lymphocytemediated cy its potential application is realized this process has been revealed by high resolution electron microscopy in detail in this article on the other hand the radiation effects on the structure of human enamel are also characterized by high resolution electron microscopy in order to reveal this phenomenon clearly a great number of electron micrographs have been shown and a physical mechanism is proposed | MEDAL |
BSM was used to T0 the effects of diltiazem on exerciseinduced qrs amplitude changes in patients with SD effort AP BS areas showing r or s amplitude changes greater than mv T3 treadmill exercise were calculated T3 the administration of mg of diltiazem the r increased area was significantly smaller than that without diltiazem p less than although the same workload was performed it was suggested that diltiazem diminished the exerciseinduced MI and this improvement of ischemia resulted in the reduction of the r increased area after exercise | MEDAL |
endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy ets provides definitive management for primary focal hyperhidrosis and facial blushing these conditions are debilitating and not uncommon but many clinicians avoid ets due to the risk of complications particularly compensatory sweating cs this retrospective cohort T0 aimed to evaluate the degree of symptom resolution patient satisfaction and adverse reactions after ets and to identify subgroups of patients more likely to achieve a satisfactory outcome | MEDAL |
in this study specimens of both sexes of a western australian wallaby steonix brachyurus had surgical or electrolytic lesions made in the habenular complex unilaterally thirtyfivemicron sections cut coronally and parasagittally were stained by the nautagygax or the finkheimer technique to demonstrate degenerating SF degeneration was seen in the habenular commissure and bilaterally in the habenula and FR but was most extensive ipsilaterally habenular SF destined for the tegmentum and CG passed caudally into the midbrain in a continuous fanlike array which D2 from the central gray dorsally to the interpeduncular nucleus ventrally in their posterior course some fibers crossed the midline with the decussating cerebellar fibers the majority of SF with those in the FR which passed VP to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle turned dorsally they passed mostly just lateral to the midline nuclei and into the CG where degeneration was seen throughout the entire extent terminal degeneration was seen in the interpeduncular nucleus primarily in the dorsal and posterior parts in the VP tegmental nucleus and throughout the CG but was more dens anemia in children living approximately km from the smelter there was still a significant increase of pbb and a concomitant inhibition of alad but no change in fep concentration comparison of the DRCs between pbb and fep in AD males adult females and children indicates that the sensitivity to lead is in the order of children larger than or equal to women greater than men based on the fep response it is proposed that mug pb ml blood be regarded as the maximum biologically allowable concentration of lead in blood of schoolage children | MEDAL |
two CMV cmv isolates xj and xj were obtained from sugar beet showing yellow mosaic symptom in shihezi xinjiang uigur municipality of china the CP of the two cmv isolates and their associated satellite rnas were amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR reaction rtpcr and were cloned and sequenced comparison of cp gene sequences showed that xj and xj have the highest sequence identity with that of cmvdanshen and cmvsd respectively two types of satellite rnas xjs and xjs were found to be associated with the two cmv isolates consisting of nucleotides and nucleotides respectively CS comparisons revealed that xjs and xjs were most closely related to cssat and cssat respectively with and nucleotide CS identity phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide CS and deduced CAA sequence of coat protein gene revealed that xj and xj belong to subgroup ib but there exist some R2 between them parallel analyses of nucleotide CS of xjsl and xjs suggested that these two satellite rnas probably originated from china | MEDAL |
the radiosensitivity of meiotic stem cells from photoregressed testes of the syrian hamster was studied after in vivo irradiation with gy gymin the testes of expt i animals were irradiated at the time of transfer from short days weeks at ld hours CS hours darkness to long days ld and sampled at weekly intervals between and weeks and at PI the ext ii animals received the same xray dose weeks after the transfer to long days and were sampled weeks postirradiation in expt i xirradiation delayed the recovery of testis structure and CF by weeks animals in expt ii were homogeneous with regard to testicular weight sperm count tubule diameter and the level of pachytene mi and mii damage the incidence of structural chromosomal changes in primary spermatocytes at pachytene SCs and mi and mii was determined in exp i and ii and data from xirradiated testes gy not exposed to short days control b see cawood and breckon these cell types show a difference in sensitivity to the induction of structural damage the lowest level of pachytene damage was in expt ii and the ratio of the number of pachytene to mi cells showing structural NC was p not significantly different from in expt i the pachytene mi structural change ratio was p significantly different from the control b ratio was p which was significantly different from the preliminary results indicate that testes fully regressed to the stem cell level by exposure to short day length have a similar radiosensitivity to normal nonregressed testes however testes irradiated during the REC phase from photoperiodinduced regression have increased sensitivity to radiation damage the relative testis weight was reduced to a mean of g by the sequential xray treatmentthis may indicate that the effects of the xrays gy on a recovering photoregressed testis are independent of the time of the xray treatment during the recovery period REC of tubule diameter is not perturbed and may be slightly increased with an associated elevation of mimii activitybut a low spermatogonia countabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
pokeweed antiviral protein and several other ribosome inactivating proteins are effective against a broad range of viruses recent results have shown that their enzymatic activity is not limited to depurination of the large rrna they can depurinate other nucleic acids including viral rnas antiviral activity of rips is summarized here in light of their novel MICs and recent developments in the field | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of regular whole body vibration wbv training on lower limb muscle strength and functional mobility in individuals with multiple sclerosis a single subject exp design was replicated on three subjects phases included a week baseline phase without intervention weeks of twice weekly wbv intervention on a vibrogym apparatus and a week baseline phase without MI during all phases strength of the ankle plantarflexors and knee extensors was assessed twice weekly with the nicholas manual muscle tester and PET mobility with the timed up and go test all subjects improved significantly in plantarflexor strength p one subject improved significantly in knee extensor strength bilaterally and one subject in the weaker leg two subjects improved significantly in PET mobility these improvements in strength and mobility were maintained in the final baseline phase in conclusion regular wbv training can improve lower limb strength and mobility in some individuals with multiple sclerosis individuals who do not perform any other exercise are in a moderate stage of disease progression and have a more intensive exercise protocol in conjunction with wbv seem to benefit most however further highquality studies are needed | MEDAL |
the patient was a yearold woman who found a mass in her RA breast around april visited a physician in june and was referred to our department because of suspected right breast CA it was confirmed that the CA had metastasized to the RA axillary CL nodes and the skin of the RA breast T3 undergoing an operation on july btax the patient was placed on tamoxifen tam then the course was followed while the patient was treated with cef and dfur in april she had a recurrence manifesting itself as bone metastasis partly because of poor compliance with the hospitalvisit and dosing schedules after chemotherapy with paclitaxel etc ACT with docetaxel doc capecitabine and highdose mgday toremifene tor was started on october subsequently because the patient firmly resisted hair loss chemotherapy was continued with a doubledrug regimen with capecitabine and highdose tor treatment was temporarily discontinued because the patient developed handfoot syndrome which was probably attributable to capecitabine but the symptoms improved T3 administration of vitamin b thereafterthe patient complied well with the dosing schedule and no new metastatic focus has been detected by any examination as of october these findings suggest that the doubledrug regimen with capecitabine and highdose tor is an ERP treatment for patients who can not be treated with anthracyclines or taxanes | MEDAL |
the ultrastructure and CSD of glycocalyceal HB are described in the nasal and tracheal respiratory epithelium of children suffering from chronic airway infections from the presented data it is assumed that glycocalyceal bodies do occur in chronic infected airways and are related only with the goblet cells they seem not to be formed by budding from the microvillus membrane or by secretion of rodcontaining bodies rbodies a formation of glycocalyceal bodies by budding from the apical CM cannot be fully excluded plasmamembrane and membrane surrounding intracytoplasmic secretory LG may in some way contribute to the formation of glycocalyceal bodies glycocalyceal HB may represent a means by which excess of membrane is eliminated from the cell further investigations beyond the scope of the present T0 are required to fully solve the problems on the origins and functions of glycocalyceal HB | MEDAL |
autophagy is an integral part of the plant life cycle where it contributes to CR of tissues during plant OD and in plant responses to nutrient deficiencies pathogens and other environmental stresses recently we reported the involvement of autophagy as part of the SI response in the mustard family SI is a polymorphic genetic system that results in rejection of selfincompatible male pollen by the female pistil thereby preventing selffertilization our data show that autophagy is part of the cellular AAR response in the underlying pistil cells to prevent vesicle secretion to selfpollen thus causing rejection | MEDAL |
we investigated the influence of betaadrenergic receptor activation on the control of gap junctional conductance gj in the heart of cardiomyopathic hamsters months old we measured gj in isolated VVI cell pairs using two voltageclamp circuits administration of isoproterenol moll to the bath had no effect on gj in myopathic cell pairs but increased gj by se in normal hamsters moreover forskolin moll an activator of adenyl cyclase did not NC gj in myopathic cells but enhanced gj by in controls similar results were obtained with isobutylmethylxanthine moll a phosphodiesterase inhibitor dibutyrylcamp moll however increased gj of cardiomyopathic cell pairs by within minutes and enhanced gj in controls by the effect of dibutyrylcamp on gj of myopathic cells was suppressed by intracellular dialysis of an inhibitor of protein kinase a these observations indicate that the regulation of gj by the betaadrenergic receptorg proteinadenyl cyclase signaling system is greatly impaired in the failing HR but the ability of camp to increase gj is still preserved | MEDAL |
the stroma the middle SL of the cornea is a connective tissue making up most of the corneal thickness the stromal extracellular matrix ecm consists of highly organised lamellae which are made up of tightly packed fibrils primarily composed of collagens type i and v this SL is interspersed with keratocytes mesenchymal cells of neural crest origin we have previously shown that AD corneal keratocytes exhibit phenotypic plasticity and can be induced into a neuronal phenotype in the current T0 we evaluated the potential of keratocytes to produce CII via phenotypic reprogramming with exogenous chondrogenic AF the cornea presents a challenge to tissue engineers owing to its high level of organisation and the phenotypic instability of keratocytes traditional approaches based on a scar MM do not support the engineering of functional stromal tissue type ii collagen is not found in the AD cornea but is reported to be expressed during corneal development raising the possibility of using such an RPA to regenerate the corneal ecm keratocytes in culture and within intact normal and diseased tissue were induced to produce collagen type ii upon treatment with transforming growth factor beta tgfβ and dexamethasone in vivo treatment of rat corneas also resulted in CII deposition and a threefold increase in corneal hardness and elasticity furthermore the treatment of corneas and subsequent deposition of collagen type ii did not cause opacity fibrosis or scarring the induction of keratocytes with specific exogenous factors and resulting deposition of CII in the stroma can potentially be controlled by withdrawal of the AF this might be a promising new RPA for in vivo corneal regeneration strategies aimed at increasing corneal integrity in diseases associated with weakened ectatic corneal tissue such as KC | MEDAL |
to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of combined HSG hsg and sonohysterography shg in the study of infertile women | MEDAL |
endometriosis is a debilitating disease found in of reproductiveage women and is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus the present T0 characterizes the expression of ahr and arnt mrna in a human endometrial explant culture model in the absence and presence of tcdd exposure in a parallel companion T0 using this model tcdd exposure was shown to induce cypa mrna cypb mrna erod ethoxyresorufinodeethylase activity and cypb protein in human endometrial explants explants were prepared from specimens obtained at laparoscopy or LAP from women undergoing surgery for tubal ligation endometriosis or pelvic pain unrelated to EM these specimens were a subset of the specimens used in the parallel T0 the explants were cultured in medium containing nm estradiol e or nm estradiol plus nm progesterone e p with or without tcdd first h T3 culture ahr and arnt mrna expression were quantified by rtpcr tcdd treatment significantly increased the expression of ahr mrna but not arnt msults one year postoperatively with return to full range activity C2 and are able to participate in sports | MEDAL |
onehalf of all new infections with the HIV virus hiv and cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids occur in young people under age while many markers for the spread of hivaids have been declining the centers for disease control and prevention cdc reports no similar reduction in newly diagnosed hiv cases among youth these findings point to the need for greater prevention and education efforts to help curb the spread of hivaids among the nations youth community healthcorps members working in community PHCs provided hivaids prevention education to youth as part of their community service work T3 healthcorps members received training in the hivaids prevention curriculum be proud be responsible they recruited young people from their communities to participate in the program healthcorps members provided prevention education to students to ensure they acquired basic knowledge about hivaids on which to base personal decisions and actions staff of the adolescent school health initiative of the national association of community health centers assessed the impact of the education on youth knowledge of hivaids understanding of personal risk their ability to refuse or negotiate safer sex and proper use of condoms this article highlights findings and summarizes lessons learned from the prevention education initiative | MEDAL |
during landing and cutting females exhibit greater frontal plane moments at the knee internal knee adductor moments or external knee abduction moments and favor the use of the knee extensors over the hip extensors to attenuate impact forces when compared with males however it is not known when this biomechanical profile emerges the purpose of this study was to compare landing biomechanics between sexes across maturation C2 one hundred and nineteen male and female soccer players years participated subjects were grouped based on maturational development lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were obtained during a dropland task dependent variables included the average internal knee adductor moment and sagittal plane kboundary between the treated and UT zones using transmission electron microscopy tem the nature of the tissue disruption suggests many clinical applications and provides insights on the PCS mechanism of histotripsy fresh ex vivo porcine kidney tissues were treated using histotripsy a mhz mm diameter focused transducer was used to deliver cycle histotripsy pulses at a peak negative pressure of mpa and a pulse repetition frequency prf of hz each lesion was produced by a à lateral à axial grid with mm between adjacent lateral and mm between axial exposure points using mechanical scanning two thousand pulses were applied to each SE point to achieve tissue fragmentation T3 treatment the tissue was processed and examined using tem extensive fragmentation of the tissues treated with histotripsy was achieved tem micrographs of the tissue treated by histotripsy showing no recognizable cellular features and little recognizable subcellular structures demonstrates the efficacy of this technique in ablating the targeted tissue regions a boundary or transition zone of a few microns separated the affected and unaffected areas demonstrating the precision of histotripsy tissue targeting tem micrographs of the tissue treated by histotripsy showed no discernable cellular structure within the treated region histotripsy can minimize fragmentation of the adjoining nontargeted tissues because as a nonlinear threshold phenomenon damage can be highly localized the potential for high lesion precision is evident in the tem micrographs | MEDAL |
oxygen therapy is known to reduce loop gain lg in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea osa yet its effects on the other traits responsible for osa remain unknown therefore we assessed how hyperoxia and hypoxia alter four physiological traits in osa patients eleven osa subjects underwent a night of polysomnography during which the physiological traits were measured using multiple min drops from therapeutic CPAP cpap C2 lg was defined as the ratio of the VE overshoot to the preceding reduction in ventilation pharyngeal collapsibility was quantified as the ventilation at cpap of cmho upper airway responsiveness was defined as the ratio of the increase in ventilation to the increase in ventilatory drive across the drop arousal threshold was estimated as the level of VE drive associated with arousal on separate nights subjects were submitted to hyperoxia n fio ⼠or hypoxia n fio ⼠and the four traits were reassessed hyperoxia lowered lg from a median of IQ range iqr to iqr p but did not alter the remaining traits by contrast hypoxia increased lg median iqr vs iqr p hypoxia additionally increased the arousal threshold mean ± sd ± l min vs ± l min p and improved pharyngeal collapsibility mean ± sd ± l min vs ± l min p but did not alter upper AR p this T0 demonstrates that the beneficial effect of hyperoxia on the severity of osa is primarily based on its ability to reduce lg the effects of hypoxia described above may explain the disappearance of osa and the emergence of central SA in conditions such as high ALT | MEDAL |
the polychlorinated dibenzodioxin h tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin tcdd and the carcinogens BP and hmethylcholanthrene bound to saturable IB CS in cytosol from the RVP analysis of equilibrium IB parameters in diluted cytosol preparations indicated an apparent kd of approximately nm and a binding capacity of approximately nmolmg cytosolic protein corresponding to approximately of the total protein content however GPC analysis as well as velocity sedimentation analysis on sucrose gradients of htcddlabeled rat prostatic cytosol indicated IB of htcdd to two discrete species these analyses indicated a sedimentation coefficient of s a stokes radius of a and a calculated relative molecular weight of for the most abundant IB species the other binding species sedimented at s under high ionic strength conditions and at s under LIS conditions and had a Rs of approximately a a relative molecular weight of approximately and an estimated concentration of fmolmg cytosolic protein binding of htcdd to this species was displaceable by a fold m excess of tetrachlorodibenzofuran therefore this species was tentatively identified as the tcdd receptor the properties of the highcapacity binder of htcdd were found to be similar to the characteristics of a protein previously purified from the RVP prostatic sec protein which binds androgens as well as estramustine a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol the binding of EM to diluted prostatic cytosol was shown to be competitively inhibited by tetrachlorodibenzofuran moreover purified prostatic sec protein bound htcdd hbenzoapyrene as well as hmethylcholanthrene it is suggested that binding to this protein is responsible for the highbinding capacity of carcinogens in cytosol from the RVP | MEDAL |
uptake of butyrate across the colonocyte luminal membrane is mediated by the MCT1 isoform mct we have demonstrated previously that expression of human colonic mct is responsive to butyrate and that this involves the dual control of mct gene transcription and stability of the mct transcript here we describe the structural organization of the human mct gene and report the isolation and characterization of the mct gene promoter the mct gene spans approximately kb and is organized as exons intervened by introns the first of these introns is located in the utrencoding dna spans kb and thus accounts for approximately of the entire transcription unit analysis of a kb fragment of the mct flanking region shows an absence of the CP tatabox motif however the region contains potential binding CS for a variety of transcription AF with known association with butyrates action in the colon in transient transfections the flanking region drives highlevel expression of a luciferase reportergene in cells that endogenously express mct deletion analyses indicate that the cisacting elements necessary for basal transcription of mct are contained within the proximal CS of the promoter | MEDAL |
unilateral hematuria is a vasoocclusive complication of the sickle syndromes especially the sickle cell trait treatment is usually ineffective and the duration is VL often prolonged and subject to recurrences in sickle cell trait hematuria is usually the only consequence of sickling possibly because the unique renal countercurrent mechanism may result in a milieu more prone to sickling in the medullary circulation than in the vasculature of other organs urea in vitro inhibits gelation of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin in previously reported cases of sickle cell trait hematuria ceased within days with oral urea therapy we describe another such patient in whom hematuria also ceased by day with oral urea although clinical trails with intravenous urea were ineffective in shortening the course of sickle crisis urea may have an enhanced effectiveness in the renal medulla where the propensity for sickling may be much greater than in other organs if these observations are confirmed in a controlled study oral urea therapy would emerge as an ERP relatively innocuous and inexpensive treatment for this frustrating condition | MEDAL |
experimental and clinical studies support the view that the semisynthetic tetracycline minocycline exhibits neuroprotective roles in several models of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia huntington parkinson diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis however recent evidence indicates that minocycline does not always present beneficial actions for instance in an in vivo model of HD it fails to afford protection T3 malonate intrastriatal i.t. moreover it reverses the neuroprotective effect of creatine in nigrostriatal dopaminergic SN this apparent contradiction prompted us to analyze the effect of this antibiotic on malonateinduced cell death we show that in rat cerebellar granular cells the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor malonate induces cell death in a concentrationdependent manner by using dfca monochlorobimane and nnonylacridin orange to measure respectively hoderived oxidant species and reduced forms of gsh and cardiolipin we observed that malonate induced ROS species ros production to an extent that surpasses the AOD capacity of the cells resulting in gsh SD and cardiolipin oxidation the pretreatment for h with minocycline microm did not present cytoprotective actions moreover minocycline failed to block ros production and to abrogate malonateinduced oxidation of gsh and cardiolipin additional experiments revealed that minocycline was also unsuccessful to prevent the mitochondrial swelling induced by malonate furthermore malonate did not induce the expression of the inos ICE and genes which have been shown to be upregulated in several models where minocycline resulted cytoprotective in addition malonateinduced downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene bcl was not prevented by minocycline controversially the mechanism previously proposed to explain minocycline protective action these results suggest that the minocycline protection observed in several neurodegenerative disease models is selective since it is absent from cultured cerebellar granular cells challenged with malonate | MEDAL |
we performed vitreous surgery for macular holes following membrane peeling the cases were five eyes of five females aged to years at the time of membrane peeling out of eyes of patients who underwent membrane peeling one eye had secondary epiretinal membrane combined with ocular SA two eyes had idiopathic epiretinal membrane and two eyes had idiopathic vitreoretinal traction syndrome the presumed interval from membrane peeling to MH formation was to months average months for treatment of the macular holes membrane peeling and sf gas tamponade were performed in four eyes of the five eyes the MH was closed in the remaining eye removal of the RPE from the base of macular hole and application of FG were used in addition to sf gas tamponade but the macular hole was not closed the followup term was months average months geometrical mean VA was before membrane peeling at maximum after membrane peeling T3 macular hole formation at maximum T3 MH surgery and at the final visit | MEDAL |
polyadpribose polymerase parp plays an important role in the death of retinal capillary cells in diabetic retinopathy dr partly via its regulation of nuclear factor kappa b nfκb the current study investigated the effect of the regimen of gaoshan hongjingtian rg on the mechanism of parp regulation of nfκb and demonstrated the possible impact of the rg and gaoshan hongjingtian rhodiola sachalinensis rs on diabetic retinopathy | MEDAL |
to extend our earlier studies on the subcellular distribution of nucleotidase in PN fibers we have applied the cytochemical method with cerium ions as trapping agents for inorganic phosphate released from adenosinemonophosphate AD and dayold WR were investigated in myelinated nerve SF nucleotidase activity was visualized mainly on the schwann cell plasma membrane the axolemma the surface of the myelin sheath and its widened lamellae in the paranodal areas and schmidtlanterman clefts single reaction precipitates were observed at the intraperiod lines of the compact myelin in addition in the young animals the nuclear env and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were also found associated with reaction deposits the simple axonschwann cell sheaths of the unmyelinated nerve fibers were also reactive the ceriumbased method reveals a DP of localization of the nucleotidase in IP nerve SF quite similar to that detected by the conventional leadbased method the ceriumbased method however determines a more uniform CSD of finer reaction deposits along the cellular CM in young rats the enzyme reaction was found to be more intense especially in the areas of myelinforming CM | MEDAL |
annular pancreas ap is recognized as a cause of CDO in children while children with MD md are usually asymptomatic here we present a rare case with both ap and md which was identified by abdominal exploration during diamondshaped duodenoduodenostomy | MEDAL |
this T0 compares prenatal ultrasound examination and autopsy findings in fetuses and infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele | MEDAL |
there is resurgence of first generation antipsychotics use due to the metabolic SE associated with the use of second generation antipsychotics lenticular and corneal abnormalities were reported earlier with chlorpromazine however there has not been much interest in the recent past nonetheless it is important for clinicians to be aware of this side effect as chlorpromazine is a commonly used antipsychotic in developing countries like india we report a patient who developed cataract possibly due to chlorpromazine and reviewed the relevant literature | MEDAL |
in many neurons axotomy triggers longlasting alterations in excitability as well as regenerative growth we have investigated mechanisms contributing to the expression of axotomyinduced longterm hyperexcitability lth of mechanosensory SN in aplysia californica electrophysiological tests were applied to pleural SNs days after unilateral crush of pedal SN twoelectrode currentclamp experiments revealed that compared with uninjured sensory SN on the contralateral side of the body axotomized sensory SN consistently displayed alterations of passive membrane properties notably increases in input resistance rin membrane TC tau and apparent input capacitance in some cells axotomy also depolarized the resting membrane potential rmp axotomized SNs showed a lower incidence of Vc EC50 sag during prolonged hyperpolarizing pulses and greater depolarizations during long s but not brief ms pulses in addition to a reduction in spike accommodation axotomized sensory neurons displayed a dramatic decrease in current rheobase required to reach spike threshold during long depolarizations the increase in tau was associated with prolongation of responses to brief current pulses and with a C1 increase in the latency to spike at rheobase twoelectrode voltageclamp revealed an axotomyinduced decrease in a current with two components a leakage current component and a slowly activating noninactivating outward current component neither component was blocked by agents known to block other k currents in these neurons in contrast to the instantaneous leakage current seen with hyperpolarizing and depolarizing steps the late component of the axotomysensitive outward current showed a relatively steep Vc dependence with pulses to vm mv these features match those of the stype serotoninsensitive k current iks the close resemblance of iks to a background current mediated by trek kcnk channels in mammals raises interesting questions about alterations of this family of channels during axotomyinduced lth in both aplysia and mammals the increase in apparent cin may be a consequence of the extensive sprouting that has been observed in axotomized SNs near their somata and the decrease in iks probably helps to compensate for the decrease in excitability that would otherwise occur as new growth causes both cell volume and cin to increase in peripheral regions of the sensory neuron a decrease in iks might enhance the safety factor for conduction across reg segments that are highly susceptible to conduction block | MEDAL |
cisparinaric acid pa binds to a hydrophobic pocket formed between the heavy chain of myosin subfragment s and the residue nterminal of essential light chain a the IB is strong ka x m and rigid polarization pa does not bind to myofibrils in which a has been extracted or replaced with alkali light chain a as in the case of s labeled with other probes polarization of fluorescence of spa added to myofibrils depended on fractional saturation of actin filament with s ie on whether the filaments were fully or partially saturated with myosin heads because fluorescence quantum yield of pa is enhanced manyfold upon binding and because pa binds weakly to myofibrillar structures other then a the dye is a convenient probe of crossbridge orientation in native muscle fibers the polarization of a fiber irrigated with pa was equal to the polarization of spa added to SF at nonsaturating concentration crosslinking of s added to SF at nonsaturating concentration showed that each s bound to two actin monomers of a thin filament these results suggest that in rigor rb psoas muscle fiber each S1 crossbridge binds to two actins | MEDAL |
a yearold homosexual man with pneumocystis pneumonia and EC tested positive in elisa and western blot analysis for hiv his cd t RCC was microl and his hivrna load was copiesml he was treated with trimetoprimsulfamethoxazole prednisolone and fluconazole valganciclovir was added to treat cmv retinitis during the clinical course days after admission the patient presented with a temperature of degrees c and blood analysis showed neutropenia cefepime and gcsf were initiated but new consolidation was observed in the upper left lobe in chest radiography he underwent bronchoscopy and lavage SC was positive for aspergillus fumigatus SS testing of galactomannan was also positive and pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed the patient was initially treated with micafungin but switched to voriconazole when clinical symptoms worsened an eventual clinical response was observed and pulmonary aspergillosis was controlled unfortunately he died of sepsis due to mrsa months later pulmonary aspergillosis is a devastating complication with poor prognosis in patients with hiv infection amphotericinb hg rna sirna TPS for cathelicidin dinduced cathelicidin mrna and protein expressions were efficiently knocked down whereas a nonspecific sirna control had little effect finally dinduced antimicrobial activity was CR inhibited in the presence of sirna against cathelicidin instead leading to enhanced intracellular growth of mycobacteria these data demonstrate that cathelicidin is required for the dtriggered antimicrobial activity against intracellular m tuberculosis | MEDAL |
dicarbonyl EDC react more rapidly than gl with Arg and lysine in proteins to form T3 glycation end products ages and further produce FRs which cause dna damage ages are reliable diagnostic biomarkers for most of the agerelated diseases in the present T0 histone was modified with glyoxal and it was characterized by various spectral techniques binding characteristics of the modified histone towards serum antibodies from type diabetes patients was evaluated by SP enzyme immunoassay and the results were compared with normal human subjects fluorescence and fourier transformed infrared analysis of the nuclear protein clearly indicated changes in their respective intensities upon modification with GO liquid chromatography together with mass spectrometry showed new peaks and mz values related to age adducts of dihydroimidazolidineshydroimidazolones this glyoxal modified protein was recognized by serum antibodies of the diabetes patients while it showed negligible IB with that of NHS glyoxal modification of histone causes structural turbulence and formation of advanced glycation adducts in histone these adducts might be the main antigenic epitope of the modified histone leading to its recognition by circulating type diabetes antibodies | MEDAL |
different rat sera including human rb bovine and fetal calf serum fcs showed a strong inhibiting effect on the migration of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages gppm compared to the migration of gppm in rat guinea pig serum the inhibiting effect of these sera on the migration of horse monocytes on the other hand was much less marked fractionation of human and rabbit serum showed the s fraction to be most GABA on gppm migration the migration inhibiting effect of rat sera on gppm was prevented by addition of homologous gp SS by absorption of the sera by various guinea pig cells by heating at degrees and by addition of alphalfucose human sera were found to be strongly cytotoxic for crlabelled guinea pig erythrocytes and lymphocytes but not for horse lymphocytes upon absorption with guinea pig erythrocytes lymphocytes and kidney cells the cytotoxicity of the human sera was strongly reduced accordingly the role of heterophilic antibodies andor of HL miflike factors in heterologous sera has to be considered in al macrophage migration experiments where rat sera are being used these factors may differ from the heatstable mif activity generated upon antigen or mitogeninduced stimulation of cultured lymphocytes | MEDAL |
we evaluated the presence and role of internal calcium stores in human uncapacitated spermatozoa by determining the effects of two inhibitors of ca atpase of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum sercaatpase thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid cpa on intracellular calcium concentrations cai plasma membrane potential and acrosome reaction using a fluorescent conjugate of thapsigargin we localized internal ca stores on the acrosome postacrosomal region and sperm midpiece sercaatpase inhibitors induced a rise in cai both in ca and cafree media but under these latter conditions it was reduced with a progressive decline to baseline values the readdition of castimulated a rise in cai this demonstrated that internal ca store depletion can evoke the opening of cachannels on sperm plasma membrane thus showing the existence of capacitative ca entry into these specialized cells the addition of thapsigargin to human spematozoa induced a dosedependent increase in acrosome reaction percentages but only when ca was present in the external medium BPM potential monitoring showed that these inhibitors induced a depolarization dependent on ca influx from external medium and that this was preceded by a transient hyperpolarization caused by activation of cadependent k channels when kdependent BPM hyperpolarization was inhibited the thapsigargin and cpastimulated rise in cai plasma membrane depolarization and acrosome reaction were abolished in conclusion the present T0 demonstrates that human spermatozoa possess internal ca stores and that the capacitative ca entry pathway present in these cells regulates important biological processes that are fundamental for the acrosome reaction | MEDAL |
this article reviews invasive and noninvasive ventilation for EPs it presents an overview of respiratory physiology principles that will help emergency physicians adapt their ventilation strategies to any clinical situation the basic modes of ventilation are summarized the advantages and limitations of certain novel modes of ventilation are presented this review highlights a variety of ventilation strategies to be used for patients with normal lung mechanics and gas exchange acute hypoxemic respiratory failure decreased lung compliance airflow one and weakness or restriction of the CW this article will help clinicians prevent recognize and treat complications of mechanical ventilation | MEDAL |
the marine toxin maitotoxin mtx induces stimulation of ciliary beating in primary cultures of rb tracheal epithelial cells the response is time and concentrationdependent external calcium is an absolute requirement although at a very low concentration microm for Emax pretreatment of the cells with mtx induces an early min and sustained or h rat desensitization the response to mtx is strongly inhibited by trifluoperazin an inhibitor of cacalmodulindependent enzymes and by chelation of cai with bapta however the magnitude and kinetics of cai rise elicited by mtx do not correlate with those of the ciliary beat frequency cbf increase the cbf increase is transient with a peak at min while the cai rise is sustained the cbf increase occurs at concentrations of mtx which are without an effect on cai the cbf increase is not inhibited by microm verapamil genistein or okadaic acid which inhibit the mtxinduced cai rise the cbf increase is strongly inhibited by antagonists of AA metabolism mepacrine and nordiguaiaretic acid however mtx does not stimule measurements mathematical metabolite correction was implemented by estimating the input curve together with kinetic tissue parameters the GA feasibility of the RPA was evaluated in a monte carlo simulation using a two tissue compartment model the method was then applied to a series of five human carbon IMZ pet studies the measured cerebral tissue timeactivity curves were fitted with a single tissue compartment model for mathematical metabolite correction the input curve following the peak was approximated by a sum of three decaying exponentials the amplitudes and characteristic halftimes of which were then estimated by the fitting routine in the simulation study the parameters used to generate synthetic tissue timeactivity curves kk were refitted with reasonable identifiability when using mathematical metabolite correction absolute quantitation of distribution volumes was found to be possible provided that the metabolite and the kinetic models are adequate if the kinetic MM is oversimplified the linearity of the correlation between true and estimated distribution volumes is still maintained although the LR becomes dependent on the input curve these simulation results were confirmed when applying mathematical metabolite correction to the ciomazenil study estimates of the distribution volume calculated with a measured input curve were linearly related to the estimates calculated using mathematical metabolite correction with correlation coefficients however the Mw of the regression line displayed considerable R2 among the subjects demonstrating that absolute quantitation of the CSD volume was impaired mathematical metabolite correction is a feasible method and may prove useful in cases where actual metabolite data cannot be obtained the potential for absolute quantitation seems limited but the method allows the quantitative assessment of regional ratios of receptor measures | MEDAL |
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