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the regulation of neutral CE hydrolase activity by changes in its phosphorylation state was studied in rat CL microsomes treatment with campdependent protein kinase resulted in increased enzyme activity which was further enhanced by the addition of camp and mgatp consistent activations were also achieved with mgcl and mgatp the magnesium effect being abolished by EDTA and adenosine triphosphate CE hydrolase was activated twofold by free calcium and cacalmodulin this latter effect was blocked by the chelator ethyleneglycolbisbetaaminoethyl ethernnnntetraacetic acid and the calmodulin antagonist TFP the phosphatase inhibitors pyrophosphate and glycerophosphate led to marked and dosedependent increases in esterase activity whereas okadaic acid elicited no effect furthermore pyrophosphate and okadaic acid did not change the increases in enzyme activity promoted by ca cacalmodulin mg and mgatp CE hydrolase was inactivated in a concentrationdependent manner by nonspecific ALP phosphatases in campdependent protein kinasecamp or cacalmodulinactivated microsomes a timedependent loss of activation in cholesteryl oleate hydrolysis was caused by ALP phosphatase these findings suggest that microsomal CE hydrolase is G1 through camp and cacalmodulin phosphorylation whereas enzyme deactivation is dependent on phosphatase action | MEDAL |
rap an rna polymeraseassociated protein rap of approximately kda is a component of the eukaryotic general transcription factor iif tfiif we have isolated a monoclonal antibody mab that can be used to purify rap under nondenaturing conditions this mab designated rap is a unique type of mab that we have designated polyolresponsive mab polyolresponsive mabs are highaffinity antibodies that release antigen in a buffer containing a lowmolecularweight polyhydroxylated compound polyol and a nonchaotropic salt rap contained on petd was expressed in escherichia coli by culturing and inducing protein expression at degrees c under these conditions approximately of the rap remains soluble inclusion bodies were removed from the cell lysate by centrifugation the supernatant was treated with polyethyleneimine at m nacl to remove nucleic acids and the soluble protein was applied directly to mabconjugated sepharose T3 extensive washing rap was eluted with buffer containing m AS and propylene glycol rap produced by this procedure stimulates transcription from a minimal promoter this is a rapid method for purifying unmodified rap without renaturing the protein from inclusion bodies | MEDAL |
leschnyhan syndrome is a rare sexlinked disorder of purine metabolism that is caused by a mutation in the hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase hprt gene which causes marked hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria with signs of GA and uric acid stone disease in early childhood we report a case of renal pelvis calculi which was dissolved within days of urine alkalinization and hydration | MEDAL |
we evaluated the ability of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine to control autonomic hyperreflexia during cystoscopy in patients with C2 spinal cord injuries nifedipine mg alleviated autonomic hyperreflexia when given sublingually during cystoscopy and prevented autonomic hyperreflexia when given orally minutes before cystoscopy no adverse drug effects were observed | MEDAL |
a total of specimens of potentially ciguatoxic fish species from stbarthelemy leeward islands in the caribbean sea were checked for ciguatoxin it was found that flesh and viscera from specimens belonging to species essentially bottomdwelling species were ciguatoxic no correlation between toxicity and species size or diet was demonstrated since five of the six highly ciguatoxic species seriola dumerili caranx latus caranx bartholomaei caranx ruber and scomberomorus cavalla are large roving predators feeding mainly on fishes while the last species alphestes afer is a benthic resident of very small size less than g which feeds mainly on invertebrates small less than kg benthic carnivorous fishes invertebrate feeders such as bodianus rufus priacanthus arenatus mulloidichtys martinicus malacanthus plumieri and halichoeres radiatus are significantly ciguatoxic and play an important role in the transmission of ciguatoxin in the food chain other ciguatoxic species included C1 carnivorous fishes and the small surgeon acanthurus bahianus furthermore additional results suggest that most of edible benthic species from saintbarthelemy harbour ciguatoxin as well though at an extremely low level the ciguatera food chain in the caribbean sea is therefore comparable with that described in the pacific ocean except concerning small invertebrate feeders since their role in this chain is demonstrated for the first time | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to clarify the mechanism of malignant transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps focusing on phenotypic expression cell proliferation and p overexpression twentytwo lesions of gastric hyperplastic polyps with neoplastic foci were selected for this study the phenotypes were divided into types g gastric incomp i incomplete intestinal and comp i complete intestinal according to immunohistochemical stains human PGM hgm muc and cd the cell proliferative activity by ki and overexpression of p protein were also examined eleven of these lesions contained carcinoma components ca category by the vienna classification of which were accompanied by lowgrade dysplasia lgd category and of which were accompanied by highgrade dysplasia hgd category another were composed only of hgd and the remaining were composed of both lgd and hgd components as a result lgd hgd and ca components were recognized the lgd components were classified as g type and incomp i type all hyperplastic components expressed hgm of which were accompanied by focal intestinal metaplasia demonstrated by muc expression whereas intestinalization frequently occurred in neoplastic components of lgd of hgd and of ca com provides the first direct evidence for fluidphase endocytosis in a filamentous fungus fm was internalized by both ungerminated conidia and conidial germlings on the rice leaf suggesting that endocytosis might play a significant role in spore germination and GT growth during the prepenetration phase of infection | MEDAL |
oral ingestion of antigen elicits immune responses at mucosal CS where HI is largely due to antibodies of the iga isotype this is often accompanied by suppression of SVR responses to the same antigen a state termed OT this iga response is regulated by interactions between t cell subsets found at iga inductive tissues ie the gutassociated lymphoreticular tissue galt or peyers patches pp pp t helper th cells support iga responses and interleukins il and il can augment secretion of this isotype subsets of th cells may also express fc receptors for iga fc alpha r and secrete fc alpha r as an igabinding factor ibf alpha membranederived fc alpha r is a glycoprotein of mw and this molecule induces selective increases in iga secreting cells as determined by the elispot CA in pp b cell cultures fc alpha r t cell lines have been shown to secrete ibf alpha as well as il both of which promote iga synthesis recombinant il ril and ril induce iga synthesis mainly by pp b cell blasts and principally act on surface igapositive siga b cells for these responses another form of mucosal regulation is provided by t contrasuppressor tcs cells which abrogate oral tolerance when adoptively transferred to mice and restore SVR responsiveness to the antigen sheep EA srbc tcs cells from mice systemically primed with srbc support igm and igg subclass responses while tcs cells from orally primed mice support igm igg subclass and iga antisrbc responses these tcs cells are cd cd and are antigenspecific thesed nymph hyalomma hyalomma dromedarii according to position structure and CF the skeletal muscles include the capitulum dorsoventral and leg oblique muscles their muscle fibres have the striated DP of successive sarcomeres whose thick S1 filaments are surrounded by orbitals of up to thin actin filaments the CM invaginates into tubular system t extending deeply into the sarcoplasm and closely associated to cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum sr the t and sr forming twomembered dyads are considered to be the main route of calcium ions whose movements are synchronized with the motor impulse to control contraction and relaxation in most muscles two types of skeletal muscle fibres are recognized and are suggested as representing different physiological phases in the visceralmuscle MF investing tick internal organs the actin and S1 filaments are slightly interrupted and the t and sr are well demonstrated both skeletal and visceral muscles are invaginated by tracheoles and innervated by nerve axons containing synaptic vesicles | MEDAL |
acute oliguric renal failure due to acute IN developed in a patient after treatment with phenylbutazone the histological immunohistological and serological features in this case are compatible with the involvement of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of this druginduced interstitial nephritis other SE of phenylbutazone on the kidney and the water and electrolyte metabolism are discussed | MEDAL |
the specific activity of glucosophosphate dehydrogenase gpd in the rat lens declines as a CF of animal age gpd activity could be found only in the SC of the lens previous work showed that antibodies against the native form of gpd could not recognize any crossreacting material crm in the lens it was speculated that this could be due either to disappearance of gpd from the nucleus by degradation or by alterations of the molecules which resulted in the loss of their antigenic determinants in order to investigate this question an antibody was prepared against denatured gpd this antibody did not interact with native active forms of the enzyme it was shown however to recognize antigenically CR but catalytically inactive intact gpd molecules in the nucleus of the lens this finding suggests that altered enzyme molecules are at least partially denatured and accumulate in the lens without being further cleaved proteolytically | MEDAL |
dermal absorption of organic chemicals from aqueous solutions are a concern in both the workplace and the home organic chemicals are generally not very soluble in water and the exposure may never reach steady state because the concentration of chemical decreases during the SE in vivo animal studies which mimic human exposures but are carefully controlled are one way to measure absorption whole animal studies are superior to excised skin measurements because the physiological responses including blood flow metabolism and biological defenses are present in this study we develop a physiologically based model for nonsteady state exposures to organic chemicals in AQ solutions a key feature of this model is a compartment which describes loss of chemical in the SE solution due to absorption into the skin we exposed rats to a range of AQ concentrations of DBM to mgml and bromochloromethane to mgml and measured blood concentrations during hr exposures the blood concentrations peaked at about hr and diminished to nearly nothing at hr physiologically based models were used to estimate permeability coefficients for each of the exposures although none of the exposures reached Css due to the decreasing concentration of chemical on the surface of the skin a constant permeability coefficient adequately described the blood concentrations during the prolonged SE physiologically based models can be used to estimate permeability coefficients when the concentration of chemical on the skin is not constant these permeability parameters can subsequently be used for assessing the risks in human exposure situations | MEDAL |
isolated fallopian tube torsion without involvement of the ovary is a rare condition most frequently presenting during reproductive years imaging vitals PCS exam and laboratory findings all fail to help establish a definitive diagnosis the majority of the diagnoses are made on the operating table physical exam most often reveals unilateral and localized abdominal pain often with nausea and vomiting but few other reliably common findings diagnosis becomes even more challenging due to the fact that isolated tubal torsion occurs often in pregnancy and preferentially on the RA further complicating the clinical picture we describe a case of isolated tubal torsion unique in that localized CN and inflammation from the torsion triggered a AA appendicitis the patient required surgical intervention and an appendectomy and salpingectomy emergently given its elusive and rare nature awareness and early MI is required by the emergency physician to recognize tubal torsion as operative MI is crucial and can lead to preservation of fertility and improved fetal survival | MEDAL |
regional CBF blood flow rcbf during photic myoclonus was studied by means of positron emission tomography in a yearold male patient suffering from merrf myoclonic epilepsy with RRF frequencies of hz and hz flash stimulation were used both frequencies elicited paroxysmal eegabnormalities but only the higher frequency induced generalized myoclonic jerks we found a left dominated significant increase of rcbf in the thalamus during myoclonus the thalamic asymmetry was significant when tested with an roi RPA the myoclonic activity was accompanied by significantly increased activity in the supplementary motor cortex sma decreases in rcbf were seen in the limbic temporal and occipital areas during photic stimulation at both flash frequencies more expressed during myoclonus the findings observed in this patient indicate a thalamic focus for photic myoclonus in merrf we suggest that PS induced an abnormal discharge in the thalamus which was fed forwards via TC connections to the precentral motor SC to produce the muscle jerks | MEDAL |
in the majority of studies using primary cultures of myoblasts the cells are maintained at ambient oxygen tension o despite the fact that physiological o at the tissue level in vivo is much lower o we hypothesized that the cellular response in presence of high oxygen concentration might be particularly important in studies comparing energetic CF or oxidative stress in cells isolated from young versus old animals to test this we asked whether oxygen tension plays a role in mitochondrial bioenergetics oxygen consumption glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation or oxidative damage to proteins protein disulfides carbonyls and aggregates in myoblast precursor cells mpcs isolated from young m and old m cbl mice mpcs were grown under physiological or ambient o for two weeks prior to exposure to an acute oxidative insult ho our results show significantly higher basal mitochondrial QO2 in young versus old mpcs an increase in basal QO2 in young mpcs maintained at o compared to cells maintained at o and a shift toward glycolytic metabolism in old mpcs grown at o ho treatment significantly reduced QO2 in old mpcs grown at o but did not further repress respiration at o in old mpcs oxidative damage to protein was higher in cells maintained at o and increased in response to ho in old mpcs these data underscore the importance of understanding the effect of ambient oxygen tension in cell SC studies in particular studies measuring oxidative damage and mitochondrial CF | MEDAL |
the present study examined the convergent and divergent validity of the gordon diagnostic system gds as a measure of attention in adults by examining correlations between gds scores and scores on other attentional and nonattentional measures in veterans women and men referred for NP evaluation scores on the gds were neither significantly correlated with scores on other attentional nor nonattentional measures participants were then divided into two groups those who scored lower sd below the published normative mean and higher on the gds for the vigilance and distractibility tasks separately participants with lower gds scores on the vigilance task performed more poorly on the trailmaking test part b than those with higher gds scores there were no other group differences on tests of attentional or nonattentional functions these results do not provide strong support for the convergent and divergent validity of the gds as a measure of attention in adults | MEDAL |
a recent theory of ionization of carboxylic acids divided the process of ionization into two steps and attributed the main importance to the ESP of the acid molecule the origin of the pH was thus seen in the high energy of the acid molecule and not in the stabilization of the anion by resonance in this paper the theory was revised on the basis of further calculations at an mpgdp level which followed in two steps the reverse process protonation of the formate anion the results were compared to those of the methanolate anion as REF a contradictory conclusion was obtained the reason for the pH is in the ESP of the anion as a MM compound without resonance trifluoroethanol was investigated in the same way the results were qualitatively similar although any resonance in the anion is not possible one can conclude that the acidity of carboxylic acids is due to the low SE of their anions this follows unambiguously from the isodesmic reactions on the basis of either the exp enthalpies of formation or the calculated energies it is more difficult to decide whether this low SE is caused by resonance because any model of the carboxylate anion without resonance is necessarily imperfect and the whole concept is not exactly defined several such models were reexamined and improved by separating the effect operative in the anion from those in the neutral acid molecule while the electrostatic MM did not allow any significant conclusion two models based on vb calculation and on correlation analysis respectively furnished qualitatively concordant results resonance in the anion is diminished by the resonance in the acid molecule and both together are responsible for less than onehalf of the acidity enhancement as compared to the acidity of alcohols the ratio is reversed in water solution resonance is then the more important factor responsible for some twothirds of the enhanced acidity | MEDAL |
hollow multilayer NC were successfully prepared through layerbylayer assembly of two bioactive polysaccharides chitosan and fucoidan the stepwise adsorption of chitosanfucoidan layers and the consequent formation of a multilayer film on polystyrene nanoparticles used as templates were followed through ζpotential measurement and the removal of the PS core was confirmed by ftir analysis the chitosanfucoidan NC morphology and size were evaluated by sem and tem which showed that after the core removal the nanocapsules maintained their spherical shape and a decrease of size occurred a cationic bioactive compound polyllysine pll was chosen to evaluate the loading and PR behaviour of the nanocapsules the chitosanfucoidan nanocapsules showed a good capacity for the encapsulation and loading of pll which shows to be influenced by the initial pll concentration and the method of encapsulation used the results of fitting the linear superimposition model to the experimental data of pll PR suggest an anomalous behaviour with one main CP relaxation the pll release was found to be phdependent at ph relaxation is the governing phenomenon and at ph ficks DWI is the main mechanism of pll PR chitosanfucoidan NC is a promising delivery system for water soluble bioactive EDC such as pll showing a great potential of application in food and pharmaceutical industries | MEDAL |
natural antihla abs found in sera of healthy nonalloimmunized males recognize hlaia alleles parallel to those recognized by antihlae mabs meme therefore some of the hlaia abs seen in healthy males could be due to antihlae abs crossreacting with hlaia if antihlae abs occur in healthy nonalloimmunized males it can be assessed whether they evoke hlaia reactivity as do mouse hlae mabs igg and igm abs to hlae and hlaia alleles are identified in sera of healthy males using microbeads coated with recombinant denatured hlae or a panel of rhlaia alleles the DP of allelic recognition is comparable to that of antihlae mabs sixtysix percent of the sera with hlae igg have a high level of hlaia igg whereas of those with no antihlae abs have no hlaia abs hlae igmigg ratios of sera are divided into four CG igmlowigglow igmhighigglow igmhighigghigh and igmlowigghigh these groups correspond to antihlaia igmigg ratio groups when hlae igm and igg are absent or present in males the igm or igg of hlaia are similarly absent or present the mean fluorescent intensity of hlaia abs correlates with that of antihlae abs most importantly hlae and hlaia reactivities of the sera are inhibited by the shared but cryptic peptide sequences aydgkdy and dtaaqis therefore abs to the h chain of hlae may be responsible for some of the hlaia allele CR of the NK hlaia ab in human sera absence of any antihlaia abs in nonvegans and the presence of the same in vegans suggest that dietary meat proteins might not have induced the NK allohla abs | MEDAL |
an application of the method of rank rho is proposed for testing independence between a censored survival time and an ordinal covariate the test statistic counts the number of concordances minus the number of discordances at each time with events and adds across times it is expressible as a score statistic within the PH framework the proposed test includes as a special case a generalization of jonckheeres test against ordered alternatives and as applied to the analysis of categorical data it can be seen as a generalization of the mantelhaenszel procedure | MEDAL |
pregnancy exerts suppressive effects on a number of chronic inflammatory conditions particularly rheumatoid ICA we isolated IP blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes pmn from Pr women at to wk n and showed significant reductions in respiratory burst activity compared with nonpregnant controls n as determined by lucigeninenhanced chemiluminescence lucl responses to fmlp were reduced by p and to zymosanactivated SS zas by p following lucl responses to these agonists in women throughout the course of their pregnancy n revealed significantly reduced responses by the second and third trimesters p intracellular ho production in pmn at to wk gestation was significantly reduced p in response to fmlp compared with the nonpregnant controls investigation of adhesion molecule expression revealed no differences in cdb or cd however loss of cdl from the pmn surface in response to fmlp and zas was significantly reduced at to wk as compared with controls fmlp p zas p n there were no significant differences in cell surface FPR expression although there were statistical differences in lucl responses to all concentrations of fmlp used p incubating pmn with tnf il and granulocytemacrophage csf increased fMLP receptor expression but revealed no differences between the two CG priming of pregnancy pmn with the same cytokines gave significantly reduced lucl when cells were subsequently stimulated with fmlp p n our results show a reduction in pmn nadphoxidase activity during pregnancy and may offer a partial explanation for the remission of symptoms observed in RA ICA | MEDAL |
betahydroxysteroide dehydrogenase betaohsd enzymes exhibit a regulating action upon cortisol metabolism before access to its receptors two types of isoenzymes have been described type being the most anciently known type betaohsd which changes cortisol into cortisone is a unidirectional dehydrogenase mainly located in kidney that protects mineralocorticoid receptors from illicit activation by GCs mutations of the gene coding for this enzyme has been demonstrated in AME which induces hypertension and hypokalemia with low renin and aldosterone levels polymorphisms of this gene could modulate essential hypertaterial research the biological reactions induced by mechanical stresses and so on as strategic plans for the OD of prosthetic dentistry the fundamental plan and the creative plans are proposed the former indicate establishing the biological bases of the prosthetic dentistry like as the biological reactions induced by mechanical stresses and establishing the evidences of clinical outcomes for edm to obtain the scientific evidence the criteria of objective estimations should be conducted the later indicate the development and introduction of novel techniques and materials based upon the multidisciplinary alignment | MEDAL |
congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia is generally considered a precursor of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia cpt which is usually associated with NF type nf a common AD genetic disorder in many cases nf is initially suspected following the presentation of a child with anterolateral tibial bowing the prognosis of cpt is poor and amputation may be required congenital anterolateral bowing of the tibia combined with ipsilateral polydactyly of the hallux cabtp is a rare entity that resembles the AL tibial bowing that occurs in association with cpt and may be misdiagnosed as nf however spontaneous correction of the tibial bowing with an almost normal fibula has been described in all previously reported cases here we report three patientmalignant phenotypes of hela and ca cells upregulation of mira and mirb promoted cell growth and invasion whereas knockdown of mira and mirb yielded the reverse phenotype cul was identified as a novel target gene of both mira and mirb cul ectopic overexpression without its untranslated region utr abolished the effect of mirab on hela and ca cell proliferation and invasion these results indicated that mirab directly and negatively regulate cul expression in cervical cancer cells highlighting the importance of mira and mirb and their target genes in tumorigenesis | MEDAL |
the mechanisms that maintain sterility in the urinary tract are incompletely understood however recent studies AS the importance of antimicrobial MMP in protecting the urinary tract from infection ribonuclease rnase a potent antimicrobial peptide contributing to urinary tract sterility is expressed by IC cells in the renal collecting tubules and is present in the urine at levels sufficient to kill bacteria at baseline here we characterize the expression and CF of rnase in the human urinary tract during infection both quantitative RT pcr and enzymelinked immunosorbant assays demonstrated increases in rnase expression in the kidney along with kidney and urinary rnase peptide concentrations with infection while immunostaining localized rnase production to the intercalated cells of the collecting tubule during sterility its expression during PN was found to increase throughout the nephron but not in glomeruli or the interstitium recombinant rnase exhibited antimicrobial activity against uropathogens at low micromolar concentrations by disrupting the microbial membrane as determined by atomic force microscopy thus rnase expression is increased in the urinary tract with infection and has antibacterial activity against uropathogens at micromolar concentrations | MEDAL |
ischemic stroke or a brain attack is the third leading cause of death in developed countries a critical feature of the disease is a highly selective pattern of neuronal loss certain identifiable subsets of neuronsparticularly ca pyramidal SN in the hippocampus are severely damaged whereas others remain IN a key step in this selective neuronal injury is cazn entry into vulnerable neurons through alphaaminohydroxymethylisoxazole propionic acid ampa receptor channels a principle AT1 of glutamate receptors ampa receptor channels are assembled from glutamate receptor glur and subunits circumstance data have indicated that the glur subunits dictate cazn permeability of ampa receptor channels and gate injurious cazn signals in vulnerable neurons therefore targeting to the ampa receptor S1 glur can be considered a practical strategy for stroke therapy | MEDAL |
most enveloped viruses bud from infected cells by a process in which viral intracellular core components interact with cytoplasmic domains of TM spike glycoproteins we have demonstrated previously that a IMT motif in the cytoplasmic domain of the semliki forest virus sfv spike glycoprotein e is absolutely essential for budding in contrast hardly anything is known regarding which region of the capsid protein is involved in spike binding therefore the mechanism by which spikes are selectively sorted into the viral bud or by which SE is provided for envelopment remains unclear | MEDAL |
a clinicopathological immunohistochemical and ultrastructural T0 of oral granular cell lesions was performed a total of mucosal granular SCT granular cell ameloblastomas lichen planus with granular cell NC and congenital epulides of the newborn were studied pseudoepitheliomatous PH was found to occur in only a minority of these cases IHC the majority of granular cell lesions were uniformly positive for s protein and focally positive for vimentin in one half of the cases suggestive of origin from a schwann cell or a precursor mesenchymal cell congenital epulis of the newborn and CE odontogenic granular cell tumor were negative for s protein EMA ema and prekeratin suggesting a mesenchymal origin for these lesions | MEDAL |
clinical and laboratory findings were studied in patients with MLD acute SH fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis spontaneous bleeding occurred in patients FH cirrhosis and another cirrhotic patients had variceal one there were deaths of these patients had spontaneous one depletion of antithrombin iii at iii occurred in FH mean sd and cirrhosis but thrombinantithrombin iii complexes tat were significantly higher in the former vs ngml p within subgroups of cirrhosis with or without spontaneous bleeding or with variceal bleeding there were no significant differences in C2 of at iii or tat of all patients those with spontaneous one had persistently lower at iii C2 but had variable changes of other coagulation parameters pt ptt tt fdp fibrinogen and PLT counts this T0 showed that coagulopathic consumption is an important cause of at iii deficiency in FH but not in cirrhosis serial changes in at iii C2 correlated with bleeding risk in patients with CL disease | MEDAL |
a broad substratespectrum betalactamase was purified from flavobacterium meningosepticum gn the purified enzyme gave a single protein band on sdspolyacrylamide gel PACE the molecular weight was estimated to be about and the isoelectric point was the enzyme hydrolyzed various betalactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam relative rates with cephaloridine as were cephalothin cefazolin cefuroxime CTX ceftazidime ampicillin carbenicillin and aztreonam the CEA was inhibited by clavulanic acid sulbactam imipenem and cephamycins | MEDAL |
respiratory PS accompanying pleural diseases combine dyspnea tachypnea rapid shallow breathing and sometimes hypotension there are no experimental data on the changes in respiratory and circulatory functions elicited by the activation of pleural afferents after removal of all muscles covering the th to th IC spaces we investigated in paralyzed vagotomized rabbits the changes in phrenic discharge transpulmonary pressure and SVR arterial pressure in response to an outwardly directed force exerted on the parietal pleura or the local application of solutions containing LA or inflammatory mediators mechanical stimulation of the pleura induced an immediate decrease in both integrated phrenic discharge and arterial blood pressure the responses being positively correlated with the magnitude of force applied on the pleura no accompanying changes in ventilatory timing TPP or HR rate were measured LA solution also elicited an inhibition of phrenic activity and a fall in blood pressure section of the internal IC SN supplying the stimulated IC spaces totally abolished the responses to mechanical stimulation or lactic acid an inflammatory mixture elicited only modest respiratory and circulatory effects we concluded that an acute mechanical distension of the parietal pleura as well as its chemical stimulation by lactic acid elicit a marked inhibition of PMNs combined to a reduction of the sympathetic outflow to the circulatory system | MEDAL |
duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a genetic defect in the dystrophin gene the absence of dystrophin results in muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration leading to progressive muscle fiber loss utrophin is a close analogue of dystrophin a substantial ectopic expression of utrophin in the extrasynaptic sarcolemma of dystrophindeficient muscle fibers can prevent deleterious effects of dystrophin deficiency an alternative RPA for the extrasynaptic upregulation of utrophin involves the augmentation of utrophin transcription via the endogenous utrophin a promoter using customdesigned transcriptional activator proteins with zinc finger zfp motifs we tested a panel of customdesigned zfp for their ability to activate the utrophin a promoter expression of one such zfp efficiently increased in a timedependent manner utrophin transcript and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo in dystrophic mouse mdx muscles administration of adenoviral vectors expressing this zfp led to significant enhancement of muscle function with decreased CN restoration of the DAPs and improved resistance to eccentric contractions these studies provide evidence that specifically designed zfps can act as strong transcriptional activators of the utrophin a promoter these may thus serve as attractive therapeutic agents for dystrophin deficiency states such as DMD | MEDAL |
the study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a modified mini nutritional assessment mna for assessing the NS and predicting followup mortality of institutionalized elderly taiwanese the T0 was conducted in a large longterm care centre in central taiwan trained interviewers assisted by the caregivers elicited sociodemographic data healthcare and disease PH and answers to the mna screen from each subject one researcher performed all subjects anthropometric measurements plasma Al and cholesterol concentrations were determined results showed that the mna without bmi modified according to populationspecific midarm circumference and CC cutpoints effectively predicted the nutritional risk status of the elderly regardless of cognitive status substituting caregivers assessments for selfviewed nutrition and health status questions o and p of mna improved the predicting SP of the tool in cognitionnormal subjects results showed that of the elderly were malnourished were at risk of malnutrition and were normal according to selfassessment whereas were malnourished were at risk of malnutrition and were normal according to caregivers DUE the tool was also effective in predicting and month followup mortality in cognitionnormal and cognitionimpaired elderly respectively results indicate that a populationspecific mna can effectively predict the NS and month followup mortality of elderly taiwanese regardless of cognitive condition easier and wider application of the tool will enable early detection of emerging nutritional problems and timely MI to prevent the development of severe malnutrition in the elderly | MEDAL |
studies indicate that PCO syndrome pcos features eg insulin instability food cravings overproduction of androgens and menstrual irregularities are associated with increased appetite impaired impulse control and feelings of body dissatisfaction counter intuitively binge eating behaviors have been shown to reinforce pcos symptomatology precipitating concurrently body dissatisfaction weight gain insulin instability and overproduction of androgens the present systematic literature review aspires to investigate the relationship between binge eating in the broader context of eating disorder behaviors and polycystic ovarian syndrome pcos taking into account shared characteristics between eds EDs and pcos to address this aim the prisma guidelines are adopted a total of studies which investigated the presence of binge eating in pcos population and the presence of pcos in eds population were synthesized findings suggested that an increased prevalence of binge eating has been reported in women with PCO syndrome pcos and that women suffering from bn bulimia nervosa and bed binge eating disorder are more likely to display polycystic ovaries further research on their shared liability is required in order to inform more efficient prevention and treatment initiatives for populations presenting with comorbid features | MEDAL |
the study of TN in hemodialyzed patients using ultrasonography has been described in a limited number of reports the thyroid glands of patients with endstage renal disease on hemodialysis were examined by ultrasonography using frequency probes although a goiter thyroid volume ml was observed in only patients nodular lesions of the TG were more frequent and found in patients especially in female patients patients the etiology of thyroid nodular lesions was as follows cyst in adenomatous goiter in adenoma in hypoechoic lesion in and intrathyroid calcification in ultrasoundguided fineneedle aspiration cytoips among residual volume bmi ffmi and diseaserelated events suggest that recovery in respiratory dynamics improves NS thus significantly reducing longterm diseaserelated morbidity and mortality | MEDAL |
the development of malignant lymphoma in myoepithelial sialadenitis with and without sjögrens syndrome was investigated at first prelymphomatous proliferation areas showing a polytypic immunoglobulin ig DP were seen these transformed into malignant lymphoma with a monotypic ig DP at first in small circumscribed proliferation Az early lymphoma and later in large confluent proliferation area manifest lymphoma the lymphomas were classified as lp immunocytoma in some cases they transformed into highgrade malignant lymphomas of the same category namely bimmunoblastic lymphoma the same types of lymphoma have been found in nzb mice and chronic graftversushost reactions primary malignant lymphomas of SGs that did not show MESA were also studied these lymphomas were mostly germinal center cell PT and probably developed primarily in lymph NO within parotid glands in most if not all cases | MEDAL |
arrhythmias especially SVA often complicate the clinical course during autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation ahct we wanted to determine the incidence and risk AF for cardiac arrhythmias during ahct the study included patients median age years range to male who underwent ahct between august and december at a single institution and for whom all relevant medical records were available for review ahct was done for plasma cell disorders in patients and for lymphoma or one in the remaining overall patients developed a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia at a median of days posttransplantation range to and with a median duration of less than day range to days atrial fibrillation was the most common and seen in patients followed by atrial flutter and SVT tachycardia in and patients respectively in multivariate analysis age older than years presence of premature supraventricular complexes or atrioventricular CD on pretransplantation electrocardiogram and PH of any prior arrhythmia increased the risk of arrhythmia development of arrhythmia resulted in longer OP followup after ahct with the median followup for those developing an arrhythmia of days compared with days for the rest p in conclusion of patients undergoing asct developed supraventricular arrhythmias posttransplantation and this risk was elevated among older patients those with a prior history of arrhythmias and those with pretransplantation electrocardiographic CA | MEDAL |
preclinical studies of recombinant human interleukin rhil and granulocytemacrophage colonystimulating factor rhgmcsf have shown enhancement of multilineage hematopoiesis when po sequentially this study was designed to evaluate the safety tolerability and biologic effects of sequential administration of rhil and rhgmcsf after marrow ablative cytotoxic therapy and ABMT transplantation abmt for patients with malignant lymphoma thirtyseven patients patients with nonhodgkins lymphoma and patients with hodgkins disease received one of four different treatment regimens before abmt patients were entered in one of four T0 CG to receive rhil or microgramskgday po by subcutaneous injection for either or days starting hours after the marrow infusion twentyfour hours after the last dose of rhil rhgmcsf microgramsmd as a hour intravenous infusion administration was initiated rhgmcsf was po daily until the absolute neutrophil count anc was or microl for consecutive days or until day posttransplant the most frequent AEs in the trial included nausea fever diarrhea mucositis vomiting rash edema chills abdominal pain and tachycardia three patients were removed from the T0 because of chest skeletal and abdominal pain felt to be probably related to T0 drug four patients died during the T0 period because of complications unrelated to either rhil or rhgmcsf the median time to REC of neutrophils anc or microl and platelets PLT count or microl was and days respectively there were fewer days of platelet transfusions than seen in historical control CG using rhgmcsf rhgcsf or rhil alone in addition there were fewer days of red blood cell transfusions compared with historical controls using no cytokines or rhgmcsf these data indicate that the sequential administration of rhil and rhgmcsf T3 abmt is safe and generally welltolerated and results in rapid REC of multilineage hematopoiesis | MEDAL |
a new way by which the potency of a eukaryotic transcription factor can be regulated has been discovered in which nuclear factors increase the concentration of the transcription factors AS form by modulating an otherwise unfavorable equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric forms of the protein | MEDAL |
the kinetic energy of flying insect prey is a formidable challenge for orbweaving spiders these spiders construct 2DE round webs from a combination of stiff strong radial silk and highly elastic gluecoated capture spirals orb webs must first stop the flight of insect prey and then retain those insects long enough to be subdued by the spiders consequently spider silks rank among the toughest known biomaterials the large number of silk threads composing a web suggests that aerodynamic dissipation may also play an important role in stopping prey here we quantify energy dissipation in orb webs spun by diverse species of spiders using data derived from highspeed videos of web deformation under prey impact by integrating video data with material testing of silks we compare the relative contributions of radial silk the capture spiral and aerodynamic dissipation radial silk dominated SE absorption in all webs with the potential to account for approximately per cent of the work of stopping prey in larger webs the most generous estimates for the roles of capture spirals and aerodynamic dissipation show that they rarely contribute more than per cent and per cent of the total work of stopping prey respectively and then only for smaller orb webs the reliance of spider orb webs upon internal SE absorption by radial threads for prey capture suggests that the material properties of the capture spirals are largely unconstrained by the selective pressures of stopping prey and can instead evolve freely in response to alternative PET constraints such as adhering to prey | MEDAL |
reiterative transcription is a reaction catalyzed by rna polymerase in which nucleotides are repetitively added to the end of a nascent transcript due to UP slippage of the transcript without movement of the dna template in escherichia coli the expression of several operons is regulated through mechanisms in which high intracellular levels of utp promote reiterative transcription that adds extra u residues to the end of a nascent transcript during cap immediately following the addition of one or more extra u residues the nascent transcripts are released from the transcription initiation complex thereby reducing the level of mRNA therefore gene expression can be regulated by internal utp C2 which reflect the availability of external pyrimidine sources the magnitude of gene regulation by these mechanisms varies considerably even when control mechanisms are analogous these variations apparently are due to differences in promoter sequences one of the operons regulated in part by utpsensitive reiterative transcription in e coli is the carab operon which encodes the first enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway in this T0 we used the carab operon to examine the effects of nucleotide sequence at and near the transcription start site and spacing between the start site and region of the promoter on reiterative transcription and gene regulation our results indicate that these variables are important determinants in establishing thhe corticoid axis were characterized for the first time during early ontogeny in a mediterranean marine teleost the european sea bass dicentrarchus labrax sea bass embryos prelarvae and larvae at TPS points of OD were exposed to acute stressors and the temporal patterns of cortisol whole body concentrations and the expression of genes involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis Kd and signaling were determined expression of genes gr gr mr crf involved into the corticoid response regulation combined with histological data indicated that although a cortisol AS response is evident for the first time around first feeding a pattern becomes established in larvae at flexion until the formation of all fins moreover mrna transcript C2 of βhydroxylase and βhsd showed a strong rho with the whole body cortisol concentrations concluding our data reveal the presence of an adaptive mechanism in european sea bass at early ontogeny enabling to cope with external stressful stimuli and provide a better insight into the onset and regulation of the stress response in this species | MEDAL |
the intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum is a rare disease up to now about cases were described the case in question is a saccate evagination of the DU mucous membrane near vaters papilla the diverticulum lies within the duodenal lumen and inside and outside it is coated by DU mucous membrane the clinical symptomatology is unspecific as a rule the diagnosis is made roentgenologically by a gastrointestinal passage in the present case the diverticulum contained gallstones and could be represented by an intravenous cholangiography this was conditioned by the position of the papilla in the diverticulum | MEDAL |
the surgical treatment capacity of a hospital constitutes a significant restriction in the capability to deal with critically injured patients from multiple or mass casualty incidents mci with regard to the time needed for lifesaving operative interventions there are no basic REF values available in the literature which can aid in detailed planning for management of mass casualty incidents the data of trauma patients recorded in the trauma registry hosted by the german association for trauma surgery dgu were analyzed to extract the median duration of lifesaving surgical interventions carried out in an OT inclusion criteria were an iss or and the performance of relevant icpm coded procedures within h after trauma room admission orthopedic procedures as well as the placement of icp catheters and chest tubes or performance of laparoscopies were not included complete data sets with the required variables were available from trauma patients with an iss or and included interventions that took place within h after hospital admission from among patients operations could be identified as relevant lifesaving emergency operations acute injury to the abdomen was the L1 cause accounting for of all emergency surgical procedures with a median intervention duration of min followed by head injuries accounting for with a median duration of min interventions in the pelvis amounted to taking an average of min were in the thorax requiring min and L1 amputations with min the average cut to suture time for all emergency surgical interventions was min a prerequisite for estimating the surgical operation capacity for critically injured patients of an mci is the number of or teams available during and outside of the normal working hours of the hospital the average operation time of min calculated from investigation of emergency lifesaving surgical procedures provides a realistic guideline used in combination with the number of available or teams the prospective treatment capacity can be estimated and projected into an actual incident admission capacity the identification and numerical value of such significant variables are the basis for operations research and realistic planning in emergency and disaster medicine | MEDAL |
we have identified in the plasma membrane of the chicken EA a kda tyrosinespecific protein kinase immunologically related to the transforming protein ppvsrc of rous sarcoma virus the EA protein kinase phosphorylated HCs of TB rb tbr antibodies reactive with ppcsrc at IMT in immune complex protein kinase assays the kinase was identified as a kda protein by smethionine labeling of erythrocytes and by autophosphorylation in immune complexes the kinase migrated on 2DE gel electrophoresis with an apparent pi and molecular mass similar to ppcsrc a plasma membraneenriched fraction isolated from chicken CRC contained the majority of the kinase activity the kinase was solubilized from the plasma membrane by the detergents wtvol nadeoxycholate and volvol nonidet p one molar nacl was much less ERP indicating a strong association of the kinase with the BPM incubation of the plasma membrane fraction with patp resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of the anion transport protein band band phosphorylation was blocked by tbr antibodies indicating that the kinase recognized by ppcsrc antibodies was responsible for band phosphorylation these results demonstrate that the avian EA plasma membrane contains a tightly bound tyrosinespecific protein kinase identical or closely related to ppcsrc and that this kinase is responsible for band phosphorylation in vitro | MEDAL |
sox encodes a transcription factor that presides over the specification and differentiation of numerous progenitor and differentiated cell types and although sox haploinsufficiency and overexpression cause severe diseases in humans including campomelic dysplasia sex reversal and cancer the mechanisms underlying sox transcription remain largely unsolved we identify here an evolutionarily conserved enhancer located kb upstream of mouse sox and call it som because it specifically activates a sox promoter reporter in most soxexpressing somatic tissues in transgenic mice moreover somnull fetuses and pups reduce sox expression by in the pancreas lung kidney SSG gut and CL weanlings exhibit halfsize pancreatic islets and underproduce insulin and glucagon and adults slowly recover from AP due to a fold impairment in sox upregulation molecular and genetic experiments reveal that sox protein dimers bind to multiple recognition sites in the som CS and are thereby both necessary and sufficient for enhancer activity these findings thus uncover that sox directly enhances its functions in somatic tissue development and AD regeneration through sommediated positive AR they provide thereby novel insights on molecular mechanisms controlling developmental and disease processes and suggest new strategies to improve disease treatments | MEDAL |
this T0 examined the effect of impedance algorithm adjustment to reflect CA found in cardiac output estimation in the intensive care unit impedance kubicek and sramek equations and TD were measured concurrently in patients the mean difference between kubicek and thermodilution n was lmin confidence interval ci and between sramek and thermodilution n was lmin ci exclusion of patients with valve regurgitation improved PA between kubicek and TD n with a mean difference of lmin ci multiple regression determined the role of skinfold thickness ph hematocrit sodium chloride Al protein and urea within impedance kubicek was recalculated using the new algorithm and recompared with thermodilution the mean difference was lmin ci to this study found poor PA between impedance and TD in critically ill patients but exclusion of those with valve regurgitation and adjustment for hematocrit and SFT improved agreement | MEDAL |
delayed revascularization and inaccurate assessment of bowel viability in acute MES ischemia can be catastrophic we reviewed the outcome of three popular adjuvant techniques used to evaluate bowel viability in all patients who had secondlook ABD explorations following revascularization for acute mesenteric ischemia from to each adjuvant technique was reviewed separately and compared with the unequivocal end points of viable or nonviable bowel the sensitivity percentage of nonviable bowel correctly identified specificity percentage of viable bowel identified predictive value percentage of bowel identified as nonviable that proved to be so and overall accuracy percentage of correct evaluations were determined for each method the overall accuracy of clinical judgment fluorescein fluorescence and doppler was per cent per cent and per cent respectively based on this critical review we recommend routine secondlook explorations in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia to reassess bowel that has been predicted to be viable or to resect bowel that has PD to infarction | MEDAL |
rothmundthomson syndrome rts is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis we describe a yearold male known with rts who had a rare presentation of osteosarcoma in the patella he initially fractured the patella and had surgery on suspicion infection he was treated with antibiotics several times his condition did not improve and a biopsy was made consequently pathology showed OSA the patella was removed but later the patient had a femur amputation this case emphasises that patients with rare genetic defects associated with high risk of cancer must be treated by specialists | MEDAL |
we have investigated the influence of amino acid residues on hepatic clearance of oligopeptides by determining the rate of disappearance nmolming liver of selective oligopeptides from the medium during isolated rat CL perfusion a n terminus the Rd of alaleu was greater p less than than those of glyleu pheleu and argleu and respectively b c terminus the rate of disappearance of leuala was significantly greater p less than than that of leugly c number of residues with each increase in the number of alanine residues there was a significant increase in the rate of peptide disappearance and conversely with each increase in the number of glycine residues there was a significant decrease in the rate of peptide disappearance further studies showed no peptide transport by isolated CL plasma membrane vesicles and no significant rho between the rates of peptide disappearance and hydrolase MICs of the perfusion medium but highly significant rho with hydrolase activity of plasma membrane we conclude that certain CAA residues such as alanine enhance hepatic clearance of oligopeptides by increasing their affinity as substrates for BPM peptide hydrolases | MEDAL |
a pandemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in SE asia during and and became epidemic in lucknow in may from the conjunctival swabs adenoviruslike agents were isolated in monkey kidney TC one was typed as adenovirus in paired sera rising antibody titres were found against an adenolike agent isolated and the picornavirus ec isolated in singapore the epidemics in SE asia were caused by a picornavirus while in lucknow both adenovirus and picornavirus appeared to be implicated | MEDAL |
epilepsy affects approximately of the worlds population genetic AF and acquired etiologies as well as a range of environmental triggers together contribute to epileptogenesis we have identified a family with three daughters affected with progressive myoclonus epilepsy with ataxia clinical details of the ON and progression of the neurologic presentation ES and the NK history of progression over a year period are described using autozygosity genetic mapping we identified a high likelihood homozygous region on chromosome pq we subsequently applied wholeexome sequencing and employed a rare variant prioritization analysis within the homozygous region we identified ptyrcys in the BK tetramerization domaincontaining seven gene kctd which is expressed predominantly in the brain mutations in this gene have been implicated previously in epileptic phenotypes due to disturbances in potassium channel conductance pathogenicity of the mutation was supported by bioinformatic predictive analyses and variant cle with a small bias current we provide support for our findings by contrasting the exp data with calculations that combine local density approximation with dynamical meanfield theory which are in very good agreement | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to investigate character and temperament dimensions of personality in six men and women aged yr with severe dental anxiety and to evaluate whether these dimensions were associated with the level of dental anxiety the dental anxiety scale das and the TCI tci were used high ratings in novelty seeking and female gender predicted high das scores compared with controls the patients scored significantly higher on the temperament dimension NS for character dimensions the patients scored lower on cooperativeness and higher on ST than controls our results indicated that patients with dental anxiety are neurotic extravert ie novelty seekers who experience brief dissociative periods and magical thinking furthermore the combination of the inherited temperament dimension NS and the social learned character dimension cooperativeness and selftranscendence seem to form a vulnerable personality to develop dental anxiety | MEDAL |
stroke is an important and common complication of sickle cell disease scd affecting children as well as adults clinically evident stroke usually BI is usually associated with stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial arteries of the circle of willis sometimes with formation of moyamoya a japanese word for hazy or like a puff of smoke that describes the appearance of a abnormal microvasculature on angiography believed secondary to internal carotid i.a. stenosis or occlusion and the resultant extensive collateralization several types of intracranial hemorrhage are observed but usually in older children and adults cerebrovascular diseases restricted to small vessels may go unrecognized but is associated with cognitive and learning problems prevention of recurrent stroke has been accomplished with chronic ABT a primary prevention strategy for clinical stroke based on the stroke prevention in sickle cell anemia trial has been tested in a randomized CT over young children with scd were screened with TCD tcd to detect elevated blood flow velocity indicative of vessel disease and high risk of future stroke those randomized to standard care no transfusion had a year risk of stroke which was reduced with chronic transfusion this RPA is the only primary stroke prevention strategy so far tested in scd in a randomized controlled trial silent lesions on magnetic resonance imaging are associated with an approximately year risk of clinical stroke and a trial is now starting in children with these lesions who do not meet stroke prevention in sickle cell anemia trial criteria for transfusion based on tcd a controlled trial based on intervention for nocturnal hypoxemia is also underway hydroxyurea bone marrow transplantation antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents may work but have not been tested in primary prevention in a systematic way if early and repeated tcd screening of childrenthe initial activation of akt represents a protective response by the epithelial cells to the proapoptotic effects of leukocyte elastase taken together these observations suggest that epithelial cells exhibit a dual response to cellular stress imposed by leukocyte elastase with a proapoptotic response mediated via early alterations in mitochondrial membrane permeability countered by activation of the survival pathway involving akt | MEDAL |
application of cyclic stretch at hertz to vascular smooth muscle cells smc increased larginine uptake and this was associated with a TPS increase in cat cat mrna in addition cyclic stretch stimulated larginine metabolism by inducing arginase i mrna and arginase activity in contrast cyclic stretch inhibited the catabolism of larginine to nitric oxide no by blocking inducible no synthase expression SE of smc to cyclic stretch markedly increased the capacity of smc to generate lproline from larginine while inhibiting the formation of PAs the stretchmediated increase in lproline production was reversed by methyllarginine a competitive inhibitor of larginine transport by hydroxylarginine an arginase inhibitor or by the OAT inhibitor lcanaline finally cyclic stretch stimulated collagen synthesis and the accumulation of type i collagen which was inhibited by lcanaline these results demonstrate that cyclic stretch coordinately stimulates lproline synthesis by regulating the genes that modulate the transport and metabolism of larginine in addition they show that stretchstimulated collagen production is dependent on lproline formation the ability of hemodynamic forces to upregulate larginine transport and direct its metabolism to lproline may play an important role in stabilizing vascular lesions by promoting smc collagen synthesis | MEDAL |
the present study investigated the involvement of h histaminegic receptor on the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus submitted to telencephalic ablation the fish were submitted to telencephalic ablation days before the experiment the GABA avoidance procedure included day for habituation days for training composed of trials each st day t t t nd day t t t rd day t t t and day for test on training days the fish were placed in a white compartment T3 s the door was opened when the fish crossed to a black compartment a weight was dropped aversive stimuli immediately after the third trial on training days the fish received intraperitoneally one of the pharmacological treatments saline n n or n microgg chlorpheniramine cpa on the test day the time to cross to the black compartment was determined the latency of the saline group increased significantly only on the rd trial of the nd training day mean sem t t anova p dunn test p the group that received microgg cpa showed increased latencies from the nd training day until the test day t t test anova p dunn test p these results indicate that cpa had a facilitating effect on SM we suggest that the fish submitted to telencephalic ablation were able to learn due to the local circuits of the MES andor diencephalon and that cpa interferes in these circuits probably due an anxiolyticlike effect | MEDAL |
bacillus coagulans is a homofermentative acidtolerant and thermophilic sporogenic lactic acid bacterium which is capable of producing high yields of optically pure LA the llactate dehydrogenase lldh from b coagulans is considered as an ideal biocatalyst for industrial production in this study the gene ldhl encoding a TS lldh was amplified from b coagulans nl genomic dna and successfully expressed in escherichia coli bl de the recombinant enzyme was partially purified and its enzymatic properties were characterized sequence analysis demonstrated that the lldh was a fructose diphosphateactivated naddependent lactate dehydrogenase lnldh its molecular weight was approximately kda the km and vmax values of the purified lnldh for pyruvate were ±mm and ±μmolminmg respectively the biochemical properties of lnldh showed that the specific activity were up to umg with optimum temperature of °c and ph of in the Pyr reduction and umg with temperature of °c and ph of in the lactate oxidation the enzyme also showed some activity in the absence of fdp with a ph optimum of compared to other lactic acid bacterial lnldhs the enzyme was found to be relatively stable at °c ca ba mg and mn ions had G1 effects on the enzyme activity and the enzyme was greatly inhibited by ni ion besides these lnldh showed the higher specificity towards pyruvate esters such as methyl pyruvate and ethyl Pyr | MEDAL |
the mechanism that removes homovanillic acid hva an end metabolite of dopamine from the brain is still poorly understood the purpose of this study is to identify and characterize the braintoblood hva efflux transporter at the rat bloodbrain barrier bbb using the brain efflux index method the apparent in vivo efflux rate constant of hhva from the brain keff was determined to be x minute this beta was significantly inhibited by paraaminohippuric acid pah benzylpenicillin IS and cimetidine suggesting the involvement of rat organic anion transporter roat roatexpressing oocytes exhibited hhva uptake km micromoll which was inhibited by several organic anions such as pah indoxyl sulfate octanoic acid and metabolites of monoamine neurotransmitters neurotransmitters themselves did not affect the uptake furthermore immunohistochemical analysis suggested that roat is localized at the abluminal membrane of BB capillary endothelial cells these results provide the first evidence that roat is expressed at the abluminal membrane of the rat bbb and is involved in the braintoblood transport of hva this hva efflux transport system is likely to play an important role in controlling the level of hva in the cns | MEDAL |
a polygalacturonase pgencoding gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae pgu was successfully expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris pg secretion was efficiently directed by the s cerevisiae alphafactor signal sequence while the native pgu leader peptide was unable to direct protein export in p pastoris the level of pgu activity achieved in p pastoris was significantly enhanced when compared to activity using the same gene in s cerevisiae expression of pg proteins engineered by SDM in p pastoris showed that aspartic acid residues at positions and and histidine were essential for CEA mutation of the two potential glycosylation CS in pgu showed that the two residues individually nd nd did not affect secreted CEA but the double mutant caused a reduction in CEA when compared to the wildtype pgu transformant | MEDAL |
two glycolytic enzymes phosphoglucose isomerase and fructosebisphosphate ALD of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be replaced by their rat counterparts from escherichia coli and Dm both rat enzymes which show respectively little and no CS homology to the corresponding yeast enzymes fully restored wildtype properties when their genes were expressed in yeast deletion mutants this result does not support notions of an obligatory formation of glycolytic multienzyme aggregates in yeast nor does it support possible regulatory functions of yeast phosphoglucose isomerase | MEDAL |
MAS mas frequently results in inactivation of SF persistent pulmonary hypertension pphn and respiratory failure among newborn infants inflammation and inflammatory mediators play an important role in mas since alveolar macrophages are thought to be very important cells in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases we evaluated whether meconium could stimulate rat AM macrophages to generate plateletactivating factor paf and tumor CN factor TNF in vitro we also examined the response to a calcium ionophore hexadecylacetylsnglycerophosphocholine synthetic paf and dexamethasone on meconiuminduced release of paf and tnfalpha paf and tnfalpha concentrations from supernatant fluid were measured after highperformance liquid chromatography purification by TPS radioimmunoassay and tnfalpha concentrations were determined by using an ELISA assay our results showed that alveolar macrophages exposed to meconium could enhance paf and TNF production in a dose and pdependent way in the presence of a the capability of meconium to stimulate paf production was further enhanced in the supernatant fluids furthermore treatment with synthetic paf significantly increased the generation of tnfalpha in response to meconium on the other hand dexamethasone effectively inhibited both paf and tnfalpha production stimulated by meconium p p respectively we suggest that AM macrophages anudied using MC simulations the proteins are considered at their respective isoelectric points discrete charges on the MM polyelectrolytes and proteins interact through debyehuckel potentials protein excluded volume is taken into account through a coarsegrained MM of the protein shape consistent with exp results it is found that alphalactalbumin complexes much more strongly than betalactoglobulin for alphalactalbumin strong complexation is due to localized binding to a single C1 positive charge patch whereas for betalactoglobulin weak complexation is due to diffuse binding to multiple smaller charge patches | MEDAL |
a modified slit lamp fluorophotometer was used to determine fluorescein concentration changes in the perilymph cerebrospinal fluid and blood of chinchillas T3 intravenous i.t. of ml of fluorescein sodium this new technique provides a means of determining quantitative changes of fluorescein concentration in the PL without the need to withdraw fluid samples through the round window membrane of cochlear wall fluorescein was observed to enter the perilymph between and T2 T3 injection and it reached its peak concentration in the mean time of minutes the mean peak concentration was x gml both increasing and decreasing fluorescein concentration changes in the perilymph followed an exponential time course although the observations of cerebrospinal fluid fluorescence were thought to represent a composite of the fluorescence of the CSF fluid itself and the underlying brain stem blood vessels the peak fluorescence did not exceed that observed in the perilymph these observations support the view that most of the perilymph is produced in the cochlea by UF from the cochlear blood vessels the slit lamp fluorophotometer appears to be a satisfactory means of recording fluorescein concentration changes in the PL without disturbing the cochlear physiology by penetrating the labyrinth to obtain fluid samples | MEDAL |
because of a documented increased incidence nasopharyngeal cancer should be considered when signs or symptoms of ear nose and throat disease are present in patients from southern china in particular hong kong and the province of guangdong or SEA environmental AF the epsteinbarr virus and genetic factors have been associated with the OD of NP cancer patients with this malignancy most often present with a cervical mass from M1 spread to a CL node other possible presentations include ipsilateral serous otitis hearing loss nasal obstruction frank epistaxis purulent or bloody rhinorrhea and facial neuropathy or FN palsies radiotherapy is often curative the addition of chemotherapy has produced high response rates in local and regionally T3 disease | MEDAL |
short trachea typically due to reduced tracheal cartilage ring number produces high tracheal bifurcation which can be demonstrated in radiographs with evaluable air bronchograms accidental bronchial intubation with sequelae has been reported in short trachea patients who have tracheal intubation short trachea is associated with a number of syndromes including DGA and several types of congenital heart disease and skeletal dysplasias review of chest radiographs of patients with myelomeningocele revealed that had short tracheas two patients had a total of episodes of bronchial intubation this degree of association of short trachea with MM the frequency of myelomeningocele and the number of surgical procedures performed on many such patients suggest that special attention to seen with pregnancy or with chronic progesterone treatment requires some period of time to occur the mechanism is therefore unlikely to be a direct effect of progesterone on the CM but may involve hormonal effects on protein synthesis | MEDAL |
indirect immunofluorescence if to detect pemphigus and pemphigoid autoantibodies is commonly performed with monkey esophagus me as ATP and phosphatebuffered saline pbs as a diluent the purpose of this study was to evaluate comparative if titers using human skin hs as ATP with variations in the buffers employed substrates me or hs were incubated in pbs trisacetatebuffered saline tas tas with mm cacl tasca and pbs or tas with mm edta prior to incubation with pemphigus or pemphigoid sera for indirect if we examined sera from patients with PV pv patients with brazilian pemphigus foliaceus bpf and patients with bullous pemphigoid in of pemphigus sera endpoint indirect if titers were highest on NS with tasca six sera pv and bpf had endpoints that were double dilutions higher than the endpoints obtained with me and pbs six sera pv and bpf were double dilutions higher sera pv and bpf were double dilutions higher and pv sera were equivalent with both substratebuffers preincubation of either tissue with edta prior to indirect if abolished pv and bpf antibody IB CR SE to edta T3 the tissue was incubated with pv or bpf sera did not affect indirect if titers in the presence of ca the antigen was resistant to trypsin in concentrations of however in the absence of added ca it was destroyed by TR these differences were not observed with BP sera all sera had similar endpoint indirect if titers this study shows a significant increase in the sensitivity of indirect if assays for pemphigus autoantibodies by the use of casupplemented buffers on human skin this finding may also have implications for procedures designed to purify andor detect pemphigus antigens | MEDAL |
objective infection is a common condition in patients with nephrotic syndrome the objective of the present T0 is to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk AF of infections in AD patients with primary nephrotic syndrome pns methods medical charts of consecutive patients with pns and infections who were admitted to hospital from april to april were systematically reviewed results patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of infections mild infection group n moderate infection group n and severe infection group n in the severe infection group most patients had pulmonary infections with opportunistic pathogens there were significant differences in cumulative prednisone dose immunosuppressor use and cd t RCC among the three groups a lower cd t cell count cellsmm | MEDAL |
to examine cardiorespiratory plasticity cardiovascular function oxygen consumption oxygen delivery and osmotic balance were measured at velocities up to critical swimming speed ucrit in seawateradapted chinook salmon we used two CG of fish the control group had swum continuously for months at a low intensity bls and the other was given a highintensity training regimen a ucrit swim test on alternate days over the same period of time compared with available data for other salmonid species the control group had a higher maximum oxygen consumption momax micromol o min kg cardiac output qmax ml min kg and blood oxygen content cao ml o dl exercise training caused a increase in momax without changing either ucrit or cao even though there were small but significant increases in hematocrit hemoglobin concentration and relative ventricular mass during swimming however exercisetrained fish experienced a smaller decrease in body mass and muscle moisture a smaller increase in plasma osmolality and reduced A-V oxygen stores compared with control fish consequently exercise training apparently diminished the osmorespiratory compromise but improved oxygen extraction at the tissues we conclude that the traininginduced increase in momax provided benefits to systems other than the locomotory system such as osmoregulation enabling trained fish to better multitask physiological functions while swimming furthermore because a good interspecific rho exists between momax and arterial oxygen supply tomax r among temperate fish species it is likely that cao and qmax are principal loci forto investigate the incidence and causes of hyponatraemia in hospitalised elderly patients there was a total of new patients patients were found to have at least one episode of hyponatraemia during their hospitalization there were deaths fifteen out of patients who had hyponatraemia died compared to out of normonatraemic patients chisquare significant p the three most common causes of hyponatraemia were syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion siadh poor oral NI and diuretics the two most common causes of siadh were LRT infection and stroke | MEDAL |
heterozygous germline inactivating mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptorinteracting protein aip gene lead to pituitary adenomas that most frequently present in the setting of familial isolated PIT adenoma syndrome usually as somatotropinomas and prolactinomas more recently they have been found in a significant percentage of young patients presenting with pituitary macroadenoma without any apparent family history we describe the case of a yearold man who presented with a gigantic somatotropinoma his family PH was negative his IP dna showed a heterozygous aip mutation pin while tumor tissue only had the mutated allele showing loss of heterozygosity loh and suggesting that the mutation caused the disease | MEDAL |
singlephoton emission computed tomography was performed in patients with HCM cardiomyopathy hcm using imetaiodobenzylguanidine mibg segmental myocardial uptake of mibg and t was calculated in patients with primary hcm without PH of hypertension ST was measured by echocardiography and the relationship to septal mibg uptake was studied initial mibg uptake and t uptake showed positive correlation with the septal thickness r p and r p when the septal mibg uptake was divided by the corresponding t uptake mibgt both the early and delayed mibgt showed negative correlation with the septal thickness r p and r p significant positive rho was observed between septal mibg clearance and the thickness r p in patients with severe septal hypertrophy greater than mm the mibg clearance was significantly higher compared with less HCM less than or equal to mm group hr vs hr p thus mibg was useful for the evaluation of sympathetic innervation and activity in hcm the mn patients male and female age from to years mean years a bloodpoolscintigraphy bps with spect single photon emission computed tomography was performed the invivo labelling of the erythrocytes with pyrophosphate and tcm was performed in the usual way the spect investigations were performed with a digital angercamera elscint apex in patients without collaterals bps was performed to compare the method with patients with CL diseases and collaterals patients with LC and portal hypertension were investigated with the bps and additionally a scintisplenoportography ssp was performed in patients with only cephalad collaterals all the results were concordant in just patient with cephalad and caudad collaterals we found a discordant result in patients we performed bps ssp and a katheterangiography ka taking the ka as the golden standard we found a concordant result with the methods in all patients with cephalad collaterals in patients with cephalad and caudad collaterals we once found a discordant result with the ssp and twice with the bsp in patients the patency of surgical shunts were proved patients T3 sclerosis of the oesophageal varices have been proved by bps and ssp and both patients showed good therapeutical results | MEDAL |
this T0 compares the effects of various socalled trimix mixtures and n in heo on the convulsion threshold pressure pc and eeg activity in adult male WR with chronically implanted electrodes with those in rats in heo only restrained animals were individually compressed with trimix mixtures at or atm per hour to a simulated depth of ata Tc temperature was maintained at normal C2 pc was defined as the initial occurrence of overt sustained GTC seizures accompanied by typical spike and wave patterns in all eeg leads as in man in rats trimix increased the depth of the ON of hpns tremors and myoclonic jerks in all six groups of rats however the pc of the trimix CG was no different from the pc of the heliumoxygen group ata and at n rats showed eeg seizures but no overt convulsions these results are discussed in relation to those of other studies showing the extension of pc in mice and monkeys attained by adding narcotics to heliox the paper also considers the relevance of method of compression addition of nitrogen core temperature and species differences as well as the need for eeg measurements and direct observation of overt convulsions as indicators of an ERP antagonism of hpns | MEDAL |
alterations of lipid profile are a wellknown phenomenon in thyroid dysfunction however little is known about the influence of thyroid hormone on lp ai and lpaiaii particles we have therefore studied lpai and lpaiaii concentrations in a group of patients with hyperthyroidism and in a group of patients with HT before and one month after attainment of euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients ldlcholesterol and apo b concentrations decrease significantly after lt replacement treatment from to mmol l p and from to mgdl p respectively whereas no significant change was observed in the total cholesterol hdlc lpai lpaiaii and apo ai concentrations in hyperthyroid patients total cholesterol from to mmoll p hdlc from to mmoll p ldlc from to mmoll p apo ai from to mgdl p and apo b from to mgdl p increased T3 restoration of euthyroidism while triglycerides lpai and lpai aii concentrations were unchanged lpai and lpaiaii concentrations were not related to thyroid hormones in both CG our study suggests that lpai and lpaiaii particles are not under the direct control of thyroid hormones | MEDAL |
RTD rtd is a clinical disorder either acquired during fetal OD or inherited as an AR condition inherited rtd is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the components of the reninangiotensin system angiotensinogen renin angiotensinconverting enzyme and angiotensin ii receptor type inherited rtd is characterized by EO oligohydramnios skull ossification defects preterm birth and neonatal pulmonary and renal failure the histological hallmark is the absence or poor development of proximal tubules so far all patients died either in utero or shortly T3 birth we report the first patients with inherited rtd surviving the neonatal period and still being alive genetic and PET analysis of the reninangiotensin system contributes to the diagnosis of rtd in conclusion the clinical diagnosis of inheriteve antigens of two closely related apicomplexan parasites neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii is important to elucidate the common mechanisms of parasitehost interactions in this context a gene encoding n caninum ribosomal phosphoprotein p ncp was identified by immunoscreening of a n caninum tachyzoite cdna expression library with antisera from mice immunized with t gondii tachyzoites the ncp was encoded by a gene with open reading frame of bp which encoded a protein of amino acids the ncp gene existed as a single copy in the genome and was interrupted by a bp intron the ncp showed amino acid identity to t gondii p tgp antirecombinant ncp rncp sera recognized a native parasite protein with a molecular mass of kda in western blot analysis immunofluorescence analysis showed that the ncp was localized to the surface of n caninum tachyzoites a purified antirncp igg antibody inhibited the growth of n caninum and t gondii in vitro in a concentrationdependent manner these results indicate that p is a CR antigen between n caninum and t gondii and a potential common vaccine candidate to control both parasites | MEDAL |
parents who had been placed in an orphanage as children rated the behaviour of all their children who were between the ages of years on a childrens behaviour survey SF-36 all families were IN and the parents had not requested professional help for marital problems a significant number of relationships were found between parental BG variables and higher reported C2 of conflict with siblings and with parents dependentunassertive behaviour and undemandingness in the children although sampling difficulties preclude generalization the results suggest that repercussion of events in the lives of the first and F2 that are usually pathogenic may be seen in teposition is unlikely to be the principal mechanism for the vasculitis because bacterial antigen was not generally found in necrotic vessel walls and two colostrumdeprived h somnus antibodynegative calves also had neutrophilic vasculitis to hours T3 inoculation with the lowest dose of h somnus used in the above experiment | MEDAL |
CP is to be understood as a complex syndrome influenced by its intensity character localisation and time aspects as well as the subjective feeling of impairment and the accompanying emotions and cognitions based on the biopsychosocial concept of pain therapies have to be multimodal to take into account the various dimensions of pain one PE of multimodal pain therapy is pain coping CST aimed at giving pain patients increasingly greater control over their pain by following the didactic guideline of small steps at a time in addition to giving them diseasespecific information patients are supposed to learn to recognize dysfunctional components of their pain disorder and to alter them improved health and increased joy of living as well as a decrease of stressorrelated activation pain being the stressor are the objectives of the training coping with pain as a programme aims at helping patients to help themselves pain coping skills training is indicated for patients already suffering from chronic pain or running a risk of pain chronicity | MEDAL |
bile acidinduced hcorich choleresis may be due to primary activation of sinusoidal nah exchange or to biliary reabsorption of unconjugated bile acid to test these hypotheses we studied the effect of CA and taurocholate tc infused at mumolmin for min on net h efflux biliary hco and bile flow in perfused rat livers and on intracellular ph phi in isolated hepatocytes cholate but not tc produced hcorich choleresis amiloride and taurine decreased cholateinduced choleresis and hco excretion and biliary excretion of unconjugated CA amiloride but not taurine decreased cholateinduced net h efflux both cholate and tc microm decreased phi cholate was metabolized to a polar compound most likely CA glucuronide in the presence of amiloride these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the biliary reabsorption of unconjugated cholate may be involved in hcorich choleresis amiloride also inhibited net hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of CA and tc without affecting hepatic content of bile acids it is suggested that amiloride may decrease the maximal excretion rate of CA and tc since CA and tc induce amiloridesensitive net h efflux and decrease phi it appears that CA and tc activate nah exchange indirectly by decreasing phi | MEDAL |
in order to describe prevalence and trends of hiv infection demographic variables risk AF and reasons for seeking testing and selfadministered anonymous questionnaire was distributed to approximately of all individuals tested for antibodies to hiv on a voluntary basis in all parts of the danish healthcare system in november and in april the number of questionnaires returned was overall hiv prevalence was and was highest among homosexual and bisexual men in november and in april with no statistical difference sixteen per cent of the men reported homosexual behaviour reported intravenous drug use and more than one oppositesex partner within the last months no substantial difference was observed between reported risk AF in november and april overall had been tested at least once before this figure rose to approximately among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers a substantial number of whom had engaged in risk behaviour since the latest test sixty percent of men and of women were tested at general practitioners and and at sexually transmitted disease clinics only of men and of women had used alternative test sites it is concluded that studies of antihivtested people can give detailed information about patterns of hiv testing and indications of trends in hiv infection rates thereby supplementing other forms of hiv surveillance | MEDAL |
the occurrence of the pharyngoesophageal or zenker diverticulum is not frequent in the national scenario and the technique of the diverticulectomy with cricomyotomy in medium and great dimension diverticula is still the most indicated because the resection of the diverticulum requires the suture of the pharynx dehiscence can occur thereafter delaying swallowing hence the idea is to accomplish this surgical procedure comparing the manual and mechanical suture in order to evaluate the real benefit of the mechanical technique | MEDAL |
ethanolinduced changes in fetal prostaglandin e pge concentration may play a role in the toxic effects of prenatal ethanol exposure using the novel technique of in utero microdialysis the present study tested the hypothesis that acute ethanol SE changes pge concentration in the intact CBF cortex of PT days of gestation and nearterm days of gestation term approximately days fetal sheep fetal sheep were surgically instrumented with a MD probe placed in the parasagittal parietal cortex three days later the effects of maternal infusion of g of ethanolkg maternal body weight on PT n and nearterm n fetal CBF cortical and plasma pge concentrations were determined in the preterm fetal cerebral cortex pge concentration was increased after ethanol infusion in all six animals studied the median peak increase was with a confidence interval of to there was considerable variation in the time of occurrence magnitude and duration of this increase in the nearterm fetal cerebral SC an increase in pge concentration was observed after ethanol infusion in of the animals studied whereas a decrease in pge concentration was observed in the other two animals overall ethanol did not increase significantly nearterm fetal CBF cortical pge concentration for both age CG ethanol infusion had no effect on fetal plasma pge concentration these data indicate that ethanol can affect pge production in the fetal cerebral cortex and that this effect seems to be gestationalagedependent | MEDAL |
endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured ABD aortic aneurysm has been increasingly advocated due to short term benefits most observational studies point towards survival advantage for endovascular aneurysm repair over or however randomized PCTs already performed did not support this data the aim of this review is to compare postoperative outcomes between endovascular aneurysm repair and OS for the treatment of ruptured ABD aortic aneurysms | MEDAL |
fish meal is an accepted ingredient in compound feed unauthorised application is primarily enforced by visual inspection ie microscopy in order to document the visually available diversity fragments of bones and scales of teleost fish species belonging to seven different orders were investigated for their diversity in the presence of structural elements lacunae and canaliculae in bone fragments and type of growth rings and teeth of scale fragments despite the CP division into cellular bones and acellular bones of teleost fish ie whether or not possessing osteocytes the current examinations revealed patterns of lacunae in some types accompanied with canaliculae in all species investigated in total seven types of bone structures were defined and six types of scale structures profiles with the relative frequency of each bone type per species were established the share of acellular bone fragments appeared to be related to the evolutionary position of the species results of proficiency tests for the detection of FM reveal that in most cases the sensitivity and specificity for the PCD of fish meal ranges from sufficient to perfect only some specified circumstances can hamper proper recognition and ID most notably salmon bone fragments mimicking bone fragments from terrestrial animals and pieces of hydrolysed proteins or minerals mimicking acellular fish bone fragments the expertise gained in this T0 would help to improve the distinction between FM and terrestrial animal material in compound feed and it supports the application of the speciestospecies ban with respect to the valorisation of byproducts from fish farms in aquafeed in a broader perspective the current expertise might be helpful to detect fraud throughout the feedfood production chain the matrix of characteristics versus species is implemented in a data MM running in the expert system determinator for facilitating ID | MEDAL |
the concentration of the macrophagespecific colonystimulating factor csf and the numbers of bone marrow and SP cells with specific receptors for that factor have been investigated in a number of mouse strains under normal conditions and T3 infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium LM the csf concentration in serum and tissue was markedly elevated in INF mice the degree of stimulation reflecting the dose of l monocytogenes the csf titer did not correlate with genetic resistance or susceptibility of the mice to l monocytogenes in contrast to the effect of lipopolysaccharide listeria infection was able to increase the level of csf in the lipopolysaccharide nonresponder CS C3 in L1 with earlier findings on colonyforming cells cells bearing receptors for csf in uninfected susceptible balbcj mice were only half those in resistant cblj mice after infection the majority of these cells disappeared from the bone marrow and SP cells of both resistant and susceptible mice the number of csf receptorbearing cells in the normal bone marrow may determine the degree of resistance to l monocytogenes | MEDAL |
it has been reported that oxygenderived FRs play an important role in the pathogenesis of mucosal injury in the small intestine as well as in the stomach the aims of this study were to test whether ethanolinduced damage in the rat stomach was prevented by the administration of superoxide dismutase sod a scavenger of superoxide radicals allopurionol alp an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase dimethyl sulfoxide dmso a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals sod significantly decreased the UI from control to p less than ethanolinduced damage was reduced by the administration of alp by p less than dmso also diminished the ulcer index from control to p less than histochemical studies supported these results a scanning em study however revealed that SEC were not protected by sod against ethanolinduced damage these results demonstrated that sod alp and dmso had the ability to protect GM against ethanolinduced injury accordingly oxygenderived free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of ethanolinduced gastric mucosal damage surface epithelial cells however were not protected even by sod against ethanolinduced injury | MEDAL |
effects of purified subtypes i ii and iii of protein kinase c pkc on voltagedependent transient k a and na channels were studied in xenopus oocytes injected with chick BB rna the experiments were performed in the constant presence of nm betaphorbol myristateacetate pma intracellular injection of subtype i tau reduced the acurrent ia with no effect on na current ina pkc subtype ii beta beta and iii alpha reduced both currents pkc did not affect the response to kainate inactivated heated or unactivated injected in the absence of pma enzyme and VH alone had no effect our results strongly suggest that ina and ia in vertebrate SN are modulated by pkc all pkc subtypes exert a similar effect on the achannel while only subtypes ii and iii modulate the hH1 | MEDAL |
we hypothesized that a process leading to an acute increase in cardiac size would NC the relationship between intrapericardial pressure and fluid volume during cardiac tamponade resulting in a change in the time of onset of right ventricular diastolic collapse rvdc as seen on the twodimensional echocardiogram five spontaneously breathing dogs were instrumented to measure ascending aortic and right atrial BPs and intrapericardial pressure ipp a hydraulic occluder was placed around the PT descending TA each animal underwent six consecutive episodes of cardiac tamponade three in the presence alternating with three in the absence of AC the onset of rvdc was recorded and the volume infused into the pericardial space was measured in the presence of AC the relationship between pericardial pressure and incremental pericardial fluid volume was shifted so that ipp was an average of mm hg higher at any given intrapericardial fluid volume p less than at the ON of rvdc the mean ipp was higher and the intrapericardial fluid volume was lower during aortic constriction than under control conditions p less than for both comparisons thus a rapid increase in left VVI volume in the presence of an otherwise unimportant pericardial effusion may increase intrapericardial fluid pressure sufficiently to cause rvdc | MEDAL |
rna recombination is one of the two major factors that create rna genome variability assessing its incidence in plant rna viruses helps understand the formation of new isolates and evaluate the effectiveness of crop protection strategies to search for recombination in soybean mosaic virus smv the causal agent of a worldwide seedborne aphidtransmitted viral soybean disease we obtained all FL genome sequences of smv as well as partial sequences encoding the NT most p protease and the cterminal most capsid protein cp VP the sequences were analyzed for possible recombination events using a variety of automatic and manual recombination PCD and verification approaches automatic scanning identified and recombination CS in the p cp and FL sequences respectively manual analyses confirmed recombination CS in three FL smv sequences to our knowledge this is the first report of recombination between distinct smv pathotypes these data imply that different smv pathotypes can simultaneously infect a host cell and exchange genetic materials through recombination the high incidence of smv recombination suggests that recombination plays an important role in smv evolution obtaining additional fulllength sequences will help elucidate this role | MEDAL |
to evaluate techniques for anatomical and physiological imaging of the intracranial optic nerve on optic chiasm oc and optic tract ot at t with the aim of visualizing axonal damage in multiple sclerosis ms | MEDAL |
thermostable trehalose synthase which catalyzes the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation was purified from a cellfree extract of the thermophilic bacterium thermus aquaticus atcc to an electrophoretically homogeneity by successive column chromatographies the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of by sdspolyacrylamide gel PACE and a pi of by gel isoelectrofocusing the NT amino acid of the enzyme was Met the optimum ph and temperature were ph and °c respectively the enzyme was SD from ph to and up to °c for min the trehalose synthase from thermus aquaticus is more thermoactive and TS than that from pimelobacter sp r the yield of trehalose from maltose by the enzyme was independent of the ATP concentration and tended to increase at lower temperatures the maximum yield of trehalose from maltose by the enzyme reached at °c the activity was inhibited by cu hg zn and tris | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of MI during CPT in patients with SD exertional angina pectoris thirtyseven patients with proven PD disease were submitted to CP and exercise stress testing computer assisted electrocardiographic recordings were obtained throughout the examinations cold stimulation provoked electrocardiographic signs of subendocardial ischemia only in patients they had suffered of a previous myocardial infarction and showed low ET and severe coronary lesions one with triple vessel and with left main disease interestingly only one of these patients gave an history of angina during CE thus these data indicate that chest pain and electrocardiographic signs of ischemia are an uncommon event during cold pressor stimulation which occurs more likely in patients with fairly severe coronary narrowings more CS markers of ischemia andor different modalities of cold application are required for studies concerning the relationship between cold SE and angina pectoris | MEDAL |
a placental site nodule psn is a remnant of intermediate trophoblast extravillous trophoblast evt from a previous pregnancy usually this a benign lesion which once removed does not require any treatment and does not recur although this lesion is related to pregnancy it may be detected many months or several years after the pregnancy from which it resulted the lesion represents a degenerative process of evt especially in tissue obtained from curettage can microscopically mimic aggressive lesions of intermediate trophoblast such as placental site trophoblastic tumor pstt and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor ett and in an unusual location can pose problems in differential diagnosis with other malignancies as in the present cervical example | MEDAL |
the subcellular localization of many oncogenic proteins is thought to be important for their CF in the case of the middle t antigen of the dna tumour virus Py localization to membranes in a specific manner is essential for its cellular transforming activity to investigate factors that influence this localization rat membrane targetting sequences were substituted for the mT antigen TM domain and the properties of the resulting proteins studied whereas CT lipid modification derived from the hras caax box restored oncogenic activity to nontransforming truncated mT antigen species nterminal myristylation from ppcsrc did not furthermore a region rich in basic amino acids and adjacent to the middle t transmembrane domain was found to mediate association with detergentinsoluble CSK cooperation between the basic motif and neighbouring membrane binding domains resulted in specific localization of proteins to particular membrane sites characterized by the association with subcellular structures likely to be CSK in nature these results demonstrate that the cellular localization of mt is regulated by at least two determinants a transmembrane sequence which confers membrane binding and a basic motif which specifies a particular site within the membrane | MEDAL |
AD hens were given a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls and gkg aroclor methylcholanthrene mgkg or betanapthoflavone mgkg betanapthoflavone elevated MICs of both microsomal and nonmicrosomal enzymes hr after dosing with cytochrome p pnitroanisole odemethylase AN hydroxylase and glutathione sepoxytransferase at and of control values respectively aroclor and methylcholanthrane also elevated microsomal enzyme MICs but did not increase the activity of glutathione sepoxytransferase drug metabolizing capability in control and exp hens differed from that in rats and mice | MEDAL |
bilateral uterine artery embolization has recently been employed as an alternative to operational treatment of uterine leiomyomas the pathologic features induced by UAE have not been previously described in detail usually patients experience symptomatic improvement with a reduction in size of the leiomyomas this report describes the pathologic features in a series of uterine leiomyomas where tissue was available for histologic examination following UAE characteristic histologic features within the leiomyomas included massive necrosis sometimes with dystrophic calcification V1 thrombosis and intravascular foreign material that elicited a histiocytic and foreignbody giant cell reaction in some cases intravascular foreign material was present elsewhere in the myometrium the cervix or paraovarian region in occasional cases there were foci of myometrial necrosis and microabscess formation beyond the confines of the leiomyomas foci of extrauterine inflammation were also occasionally identified histopathologists should be aware of these findings because the use of UAE will possibly become more widespread in the future | MEDAL |
intraoperative cardiac emergencies require prompt recognition and management in order to optimize patient safety and REC this article addresses the perioperative management of hypertension myocardial infarction arrhythmias autonomic dysreflexia tamponade and tension pneumothorax these complications can occur in patients with underlying coexisting disease but can also occur in surgical patients regardless of the underlying disorder | MEDAL |
mycobacterium tuberculosis mtb the causative agent of tuberculosis tb is a highly successful human pathogen and has INF approximately onethird of the worlds population multiple drug resistant mdr and extensively drug resistant xdr tb strains and coinfection with hiv have increased the challenges of successfully treating this disease pandemic the metabolism of host cholesterol by mtb is an important factor for both its virulence and pathogenesis in mtb the cholesterol side chain is degraded through multiple cycles of βoxidation and fada rv catalyzes side chain thiolysis in the first two cycles moreover fada is important during the chronic stage of infection in a mouse MM of mtb infection here we report the redox control of fada catalytic activity that results from reversible disulfide bond formation between cyscys and cyscys cys is the thiolytic nucleophile and cys is the general acid catalyst for cleavage of the βketoacylcoa ATP the disulfide bond formed between the two catalytic residues cys and cys blocks catalysis the formation of the disulfide bonds is accompanied by a large domain swap at the fada dimer interface that serves to bring cys and cys in close proximity for disulfide bond formation the catalytic activity of fada has a midpoint potential of mv which is close to the mtb mycothiol potential in the G1 macrophage the redox profile of fada suggests that fada is fully AS when mtb resides in the unactivated macrophage to maximize flux into cholesterol catabolism upon activation of the macrophage the oxidative shift in the mycothiol potential will decrease the thiolytic activity by thus the fada Tm potential is poised to rapidly restrict cholesterol side chain degradation in response to oxidative AS from the host macrophage environment | MEDAL |
for the purpose of DUE of the waterelectrolyte metabolism in upper gi tract surgery i measured alpha-hANP alphahanp and other parameters of twentyeight patients daily for seven days T3 T0 the subjects were divided in four CG as follows rthoracal and ABD esophagectomy rta group lthoracoabdominal TG ta group ABD TG tmr group and partial gastrectomy pmr group plasma alpha hanp levels in rta group were significantly higher than those in pmr group on the first second third and seventh PODs p less than furthermore those in ta group were also significantly higher compared to those in pmr group on the second and seventh PODs p less than significant correlation between plasma alpha hanp level and water balance was detected in TA groups tmr pmr however this rho was not found in thoracoabdominal groups rta lta there was no rho among alpha hanp level heart rate and blood pressure SS and urinary nak ratio was lower in rta group lta group tmr group and pmr group in descending order consequently plasma alpha hanp level plays an important role in waterelectrolyte metabolism during the perioperative period a good group of the dynamic status of the secretion of alpha hanp C2 might be a very useful index for the DUE of the magnitude of surgical AS | MEDAL |
the metabolism of gl is deranged in thiamin deficiency but once any deficiency has been corrected there is no further effect of increased thiamin NI on the ability to metabolize glucose through either Pyr dehydrogenase ec and the CAC or the pentose phosphate pathway in which transketolase ec is the thiamindependent step it has been suggested that the wernickekorsakoff syndrome is associated with a genetic variant of transketolase which requires a higher than normal concentration of thiamin diphosphate for activity this finding would suggest that there may be a group of the population who have a higher than average requirement for thiamin but the evidence is not convincing there are no estimates of biotin requirements but either coenzyme saturation of EA pyruvate carboxylase or the excretion of hydroxyisovalerate perhaps after a test dose of leucine could be used to assess requirements in depletionrepletion studies biotin deficiency leads to IGT but it is unlikely that glucose tolerance could be used to assess optimum biotin status since other more common factors affect glucose tolerance to a greater extent plasma triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acids are moderately elevated in pantothenic acid deficiency however this is unlikely to be useful in assessing pantothenate status since again other more common AF affect plasma lipids to date there are no PSA indices of adequate pantothenate nutrition and no estimates of requirements | MEDAL |
a yearold previously healthy male presented to our ER with acute CP and VVI arrhythmiarelated CA st elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed and coronary angiography revealed diffuse critical narrowing from the proximal to the distal LADA diffuse intramural hematoma was demonstrated on intravascular ultrasound two stents were placed to cover the whole dissection length and flow was successfully restored spontaneous PD dissection can be a fatal event and could be mistaken for atherosclerotic plaque or coronary spasm rather than luminal compression on coronary angiography and intravascular imaging is helpful in this condition | MEDAL |
a case of cholesterol granuloma with hematoma of the tunica albuginea is reported a yearold man complained of a painless mass in the left scrotum the mass was x x mm in size an operation was performed macroscopically the mass originated from the TA and was a cystic lesion with a thick fibrous capsule the cystic lesion was filled with an old hematoma an extirpation was performed microscopically the sections showed fibrogranulomatous tissue containing innumerable cholesterol clefts and numerous foreign body giant cells the histological diagnosis was cholesterol granuloma with hematoma this is the C6 case of cholesterol granuloma of the external genitalia and is the first case of cholesterol granuloma with hematoma of the tunica albuginea in the literature | MEDAL |
the effects of the IP and central alphaadrenoceptor stimulant and antihypertensive agents clonidine and bs namidinodichlorophenylacetamide hcl on eeg sleep patterns in rats and on blood pressure in pithed rats have been investigated whereas both EDC abolished paradoxical sleep ps clonidine in contrast to bs markedly increased the sleeping time both drugs caused a dosedependent increase in the blood pressure of pithed rats the pressor action was abolished by the alphaadrenoceptor blocking agent phentolamine but was not influenced by reserpine indicating a direct stimulation of vascular alphaadrenoceptors by both drugs it is suggested that sedation or sleep induction by adrenergic drugs cannot be explained exclusively by an action on central alphaadrenoceptors rather the findings suggest that such an action may be involved in the modulation of ps | MEDAL |
directional doppler sonography of the carotid arteries in the neck selective for the common i.c. external and ICAs and of the supratrochlear artery permits reliable diagnoses and localizations of extracranial stenoses and occlusions of these arteries in addition severe intracranial vascular disorders may also be detected by these methods characteristic combinations of doppler results are described in occlusions of the trunk of the MCA artery cerebral circulatory breakdown large arteriovenous angiomas of one hemisphere and carotidcavernous fistulas and are compared with angiographic findings the knowledge of these doppler findings is indispensable for the differential critical evaluation of such disorders found at the level of the neck arteries and at the frontoorbital terminal branches of the OA | MEDAL |
pseudomyxoma peritonei is a disease characterized by an intraperitoneal adenomucinous RT cell disemination being cecal appendix the most common etiology | MEDAL |
peyronies disease pd is a connective tissue disorder involving the growth of fibrous plaques in penile corpora cavernosa TA the conservative treatment is indicated in the OD stage of pd for at least one year T3 diagnosis and in case of penile pain this study was conducted to demonstrate the possible effectiveness of the new substances of peironimevplus® sixty four patients age years mean ± diagnosed with pd were enrolled in a medical treatment all patients underwent the following diagnostic tests penile ultrasound photographic documentation of penile curvature iief questionnaire EF score pain evaluation with visual analogue pain scale vas the patients were divided into two treatment CG with different combinations of drugs a peironimevplusoralone tabletdaily verapamil i.t. perilesional mgevery two weeks verapamil iontophoresis mgthree times a week for months b verapamil i.t. perilesional mgevery two weeks verapamil iontophoresis mgthree times a week for months intergroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in group a the effective PI size reduction was while in the group b the reduction was p in group a the improvement of curvature occurred in of the cases while in group b this occurred only in p moreover the mean curvature decrease was respectively ° and ° p iief score was significantly improved in group a patients with erectile dysfunction p our results suggest that peironimevplus is an ERP drug in treating pd and it may help to prevent the progression of pd | MEDAL |
the effect of lignocaine on tone and +dP/dt of intestinal smooth muscle and on contractures produced by ach or tea was studied in isolated ileum of the rat lignocaine microm produced concentrationdependent contractures in the rat ileum in low concentrations lignocaine increased the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and contractions produced by transmural stimulation high concentrations of lignocaine abolished all contractile responses and produced a marked contracture in rat ileum lignocaine microm also reduced the contractures produced by ach microm in contrast the contractures produced by tea mm were markedly increased by lignocaine furthermore the contracture produced by lignocaine was reduced by lowering the external calcium from mm to mm it was concluded that lignocaine in moderate and high concentrations produces a contracture in rat intestinal smooth muscle whereas lignocaine reduces the achinduced contracture it increases that produced by tea in the same preparation the results further suggest that lignocaine modifies cholinergic responses and affects excitationcontraction coupling in rat intestinal smooth muscle | MEDAL |
we measured hthymidine incorporation by human BB tumor cell lines treated with varying doses of gallium nitrate these dna synthesis data indicate that the effects of gallium documented for BB RT cell viability parallel those for alterations in dna synthesis the primitive poorlydifferentiated small roundcell tumors medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma appear to be more CS than glially differentiated neoplasms glioblastoma to dna synthesis inhibition by gallium nitrate | MEDAL |
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