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this report deals with a microscopical study on the ET of the rat the tube consists of a small membranous part and a larger part which is supported by cartilage to a varying extent the epithelial lining is composed of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and squamous epithelium both arranged in coherent fields extending from NP to the ME cavity the ciliated epithelium which is continuous with the tracts of ciliated epithelium in the middle ear provides morphological evidence for the existence of a mucociliary transport system the part of the tube that is lined by squamous epithelium is suggested to be involved in facilitating the passage of air the observations made on the secretory elements refer to a different function of goblet cells and the subepithelial compound PG in ET physiology | MEDAL |
many neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by chronic glial activation which is characterized by the abundant production of proinflammatory cytokines such as ilbeta ilbeta disrupts ca homeostasis and stimulates astrocyte reactivity the mechanisms by which ilbeta induces ca dysregulation are not completely defined here we examined how acute and chronic h treatment with ilbeta affect ca homeostasis in freshly dissociated and primary cultured mouse cortical astrocytes [Ca2+]i concentration cacyt was measured with fura using digital imaging an acute application of ngml ilbeta induced ca mobilization from intracellular stores and activated storeoperated ca entry soce and receptoroperated ca entry roce in both freshly dissociated and cultured actrocytes treatment of cultured astrocytes with ilbeta for and h elevated resting cacyt decreased ca store content associated with sarcoendoplasmic reticulum caatpase b downregulation and augmented roce based on evidence that receptoroperated but not SOCs are ba permeable ba entry was used to distinguish ROCs from SOCs roce was activated by the diacylglycerol analog oleoylacetylsnglycerol oag in the presence of extracellular ba oaginduced elevations of cytosolic ba fura tonm ratio were significantly larger in astrocytes treated with ilbeta these changes in ilbetatreated astrocytes correlate with augmented expression of TRP cation channel trpc protein which likely mediates roce knockdown of the trpc gene markedly reduced roce the data suggest that ilbetainduced dysregulation of ca homeostasis is the result of enhanced roce and trpc expression the disruption of ca homeostasis appears to be an upstream component in the cascade of ilbetaactivated pathways leading to neurodegeneration | MEDAL |
the main clinical problems that follow HLT are opportunist infections of the lungs and pulmonary rejection of patients undergoing heartlung transplantation eight had opportunist infections and had at least one episode of pulmonary AAR cardiac AAR occurred in only one patient who did not need treatment of the patients who had pulmonary AAR nine recovered fully T3 augmented IS with high dose CSs although one patient required additional low dose CSs for eight months before making a full recovery fatal opportunist lung infection followed treatment for AAR in two patients one patient developed OB of the eight patients with opportunist infections five had primary cytomegalovirus pneumonitis acquired from the donor all three patients treated with ACV died whereas the two treated with hyperimmune AHG and dihydroxy proxymethylguanine recovered fully two patients developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which was treated successfully in one patient with intravenous sulphadimidine and trimethoprim the other patient died T3 a further episode of rejection and aspergillus bronchitis one patient developed a TB empyema the calculated AS at one year was and at two years although it is still in its innovative stage heartlung transplantation appears to have complications and results similar to those of transplantation of other organs | MEDAL |
VAD is an important cause of disabling stroke in young adults recognition of its presenting features and risk AF is paramount for expeditious diagnosis and preventive treatment numerous risk AF for VAD have been reported trauma is the most common this case report describes a patient with amphetamine abuse who had posterior circulation stroke from vertebral artery dissection and i.a. to artery embolization literature is reviewed and clinical relevance is discussed | MEDAL |
the doticm type iv secretion system tss is essential for the pathogenesis of legionella species and translocates a multitude of effector proteins into host cells the identification of host cell targets of these effectors is often critical to unravel their roles in controlling the host here we describe a method to characterize the protein complexes associated with effectors in infected host cells to achieve this legionella expressing an effector of interest fused to a biotag a combination of hexahistidine tags and a specific recognition CS for the biotin ligase bira are used to infect host cells expressing bira which leads to biotinylation of the translocated effector following chemical crosslinking effector interactomes are isolated by tandem affinity purification employing metal affinity and neutravidin resins and identified by WB or mass spectrometry | MEDAL |
regional blood flow and ventilation of the lungs in patients with FA including with idiopathic fibrosing one and with extrinsic allergic one were investigated a comprehensive radionuclide DUE supplemented by a clinicoroentgenologic and functional studies mutually enhances the diagnostic potentialities for fibrosing alveolitis of different genes | MEDAL |
recent work has underlined a structural and metabolic heterogeneity amongst blood eosinophils in various hypereosinophilic diseases little is known about the factors responsible for this variability we have identified granulocyte chemotactic factors termed gcfs in the sera of five patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome hes sera from normal controls or from patients with blood hypereosinophilia of various causes but with little or no hypodense blood eosinophils did not demonstrate any chemotactic activity two distinct gcfs were characterized either by GF or isoelectric focusing molecular weights of kd and kd pis of approximately and these fractions are sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and to heating to degrees c but not to degrees c the activity of gcfs has been tested towards neutrophils and eosinophils the fractions of kd and pi appear more selective for the eosinophil lineage checkerboard analysis shows that such fractions are primarily chemotactic in addition hypodense eosinophils appear defective in random motility and CTX towards chemotactic agents which are effective on normodense eosinophils moreover preincubation of normodense eosinophils with hes sera rendered these cells unresponsive to very efficient chemotactic agents such as leukotriene b ltb decrease in migration of p less than formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanyl fmlp decrease of p less than hes sera decrease of to these findings suggest a process of deactivation of blood eosinophils with the possible PR within the circulation of G1 hypodense eosinophils in hes | MEDAL |
although social competence in children has been linked to the quality of parenting prior research has typically not accounted for genetic similarities between parents and children or for interactions between environmental ie parental and genetic influences in this article the possibility of a gene x environment g à e interaction in the prediction of social competence in schoolage children is evaluated using a longitudinal multimethod data set from a sample of children adopted at birth n a significant interaction was found between birth parent sociability and sensitive responsive adoptive parenting when predicting child social competence at school entry age even when controlling for potential confounds an analysis of the interaction revealed that genetic strengths can buffer the effects of unresponsive paimolecular dissociation dynamics of a model three degree of freedom triatomic molecule is studied in order to understand the mechanisms for deviations from statisticality performing a wavelet based timefrequency analysis of the dynamics allows for the dynamics to be followed on the network of nonlinear resonances also called as the arnold web the results indicate that the long lifetime trajectories spend a considerable amount of time trapped near junctions in the web it is argued that characterizing the dynamics near such junctions might lead to deeper insights into the origins of nonstatistical dynamics | MEDAL |
rat kidneys extract citrulline derived from the intestinal metabolism of glutamine and convert it stoichiometrically into Arg this pathway constitutes the major endogenous source of arginine we investigated the localization of enzymes of Arg synthesis argininosuccinate synthase and lyase and of breakdown arginase and OAT in five regions of rat kidney in cortical tubule fractions and in subcellular fractions of SC argininosuccinate synthase and lyase were found almost exclusively in SC arginase and OAT were found in inner SC and outer medulla since cortical tissue primarily consists of proximal convoluted and straight tubules distal tubules and glomeruli we prepared cortical tubule fragments by collagenase digestion of cortices and fractionated them on a percoll gradient AS and lyase were found to be markedly EC in PCT tubules whereas less than of arginase and OAT were recovered in this fraction arginine production from citrulline was also enriched in proximal convoluted tubules subcellular fractionation of kidney SC revealed that argininosuccinate synthase and lyase are cytosolic we therefore conclude that Arg synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cells of the PCT tubule | MEDAL |
a new approach to the developing of human monoclonal antibodies to viral peptides is described the method is based on the positive selection of B1 TPS to viral MMP from normal human tissues to isolate b cells bearing immunoglobulin receptors TPS to viral epitopes magnetic beads coated by viral MMP were used human b lymphocytes specific to the neutralizing epitope of gp of human immunodeficiency virus and to the L1 epitope of epsteinbarr nuclear antigeni were isolated from freshly removed human tonsils preselected cells were transformed by epsteinbarr virus and cultivated on irradiated human embryonic lung fibroblasts in rpmi optimem medium with fetal CS and all necessary supplements the cultures of b cells producing antibodies to viral epitopes used for selectiopeared from american practice more than decades ago in view of a recent revival of interest in nephroptosis and nephropexy in the american urological literature a historical overview of nephroptosis and the evolution of surgical nephropexy is timely | MEDAL |
an yearold man taking antihypertensive medications including mg EN daily visited our hospital complaining of motor aphasia dysarthria and right hemiparesis magnetic resonance imaging revealed an ischemic lesion in the left FL including the insular cortex and severe stenosis of the left M1 after he received intravenous tPA infusion he developed orolingual angioedema followed by transient bradycardia with subsequent hypotension resulting in the deterioration of his neurological signs and expansion of the ischemic lesion orolingual angioedema after intravenous alteplase infusion may follow cardiovascular instability and disease progression in stroke patients | MEDAL |
in a retrospective study we analyzed the prevalence of diabetesassociated late complications in type IDDM who have been treated at the university hospital of ulm between and retinopathy proteinuria and neuropathy depended on the duration of the disease whereas age was the L1 determinant of C1 VD after years of diabetes of the patients showed retinopathy half of them proliferative retinopathy had persistent proteinuria greater than mgday of them were under dialysis of the patients showed signs of peripheral andor autonomic neuropathy had manifestations of C1 VD there was no consistent rho between the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and the occurrence of diabetic late complications however hypertension was closely associated with both small and C1 vessel disease | MEDAL |
an enzyme immunoassay has been developed which allows the determination in urine of eosinophil cationic protein ecp the antigen was prepared from urine from patients suffering from interstitial cystitis and found to be a mw polypeptide eosinophil cationic protein has been determined in urine from normal people and in patients with IC and other bladder disorders the results obtained using the enzyme immunoassay were compared with the results obtained with conventional radioimmunoassay this new CA seems to be valuable in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis | MEDAL |
brucellosis has a twofold importance in public health the transmission of the disease to man by contact with animals or ingestion of raw milk is of direct importance of indirect importance is the loss of animal protein the authors have carried out ten epidemiological investigations in different bioclimatic zones of west africa more than villages were evaluated in each village persons were chosen at random and all or part of the animal population was also studied three tests were used for man the melitin intradermal reaction the seroagglutination test of wright and the CF three tests were used for the animals the ringtest and the same serologic tests used for humans the results indicated that brucellosis in animals exists in all regions but with varying rates the bovine species seems to be the most contaminated the enzooty becomes more widespread towards the south human brucellosis was not found to be of great importance in the regions mainly populated by farmers shepherds and their families in these zones however were found to have been infected the highest percentage of infected humans was found in the sahelian zone in dori of the intradermal reactions and of serologies were positive for humans in spite of a rather low infection rate among animals ringtests positive among cattle the majority of the population are shepherds and close cohabitation with animals is common a basic dietary constituent is milk which is often consumed raw VL according to ethnic group and provides the principal source of animal protein adults were found to have a significantly higher intradermal reaction rate in most of the regions studied the positivity rate was higher in men than in women in nonpastoral areas the shepherds and their families had a singificantly higher positivity rate than the GP ethnic differences were found also considered in this paper are intradermal reaction sizes the relation between intradermal and serologic results the modes of human transmission of the disease and the relationship between human and animal forms of brucellosis | MEDAL |
aminophylline can elicit thermogenesis in rats or increase metabolic rate during CS in lambs we tested the hypothesis that aminophylline would reduce the change in CBT during laparoscopic abdominal surgery requiring pneumoperitoneum fifty patients were randomly divided into an aminophylline group n and a saline control group n esophageal temperature index finger temperature and hemodynamic variables such as mean blood pressure and HR rate were measured every min during sevoflurane anesthesia in the aminophylline group esophageal temperatures at t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p and t ± vs ± p and index finger temperatures at t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p t ± vs ± p and t ± vs ± p were significantly higher than in the saline control group aminophylline is ERP in maintaining the core temperature through a thermogenic effect despite reduced peripheral thermoregulatory vasoconstriction | MEDAL |
vasoconstrictors such as phenylephrine and naphazoline are used in ophthalmology to decrease hyperemia associated with allergic conjunctivitis and contact lens wear there is a suspicion however that chronic use of these agents can produce dryeye PS in some patients the purpose of this study was to determine whether vasoconstrictor use interferes with tear film adequacy by decreasing mucinsecreting goblet cells CA filter strip impressions were taken from the bulbar conjunctiva of rabbit eyes treated with vasoconstrictors or artificial tears for varying periods of time and the number of goblet cells per CS microscopic field counted there was no significant difference between the number of goblet cells in control and vasoconstrictortreated animals within each time period these results indicate that conjunctival goblet cell density is not significantly affected by topical vasoconstrictor use | MEDAL |
we present the results of a retrospective review of ABD computed tomography ultrasound and magnetic resonance examinations of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of previously reported coexistent IA lymphadenopathy in patients with this disorder lymphadenopathy in the form of bulky periportal and retroperitoneal nodes was identified in a single patient secondary to an occult MA we conclude that coexistent intraabdominal lymphadenopathy occurring in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is uncommon although it may represent a benign component of the primary disease it may equally be due to unsuspected coexistent occult malignancy | MEDAL |
homozygous DI were used to study the effect of V2 hormone adh on organic osmolytes which have been shown to be involved in the cellular osmoadaptation in renal IM with the use of enzymatic spectrophotometric methods GPC sorbitol and Ins were determined in kidney sections from papillary tip im to SC compared with normal rat kidneys im of UT brattleboro rats urine osmolality mosmolkg were sorbitol depleted vs mumolg protein and GPC was reduced to vs mumolg protein in contrast inositol was not changed vs mumolg protein similar effects were obtained in all medullary sections continuous treatment with adh increased urine osmolality already T3 h but renal GPC and sorbitol content only T3 h normal osmolyte C2 were reached T3 days of adh treatment when urine osmolality was mosmolkg inositol did not exhibit comparable changes during adh treatment the present results indicate that adh possibly by increasing interstitial tonicity leads to increased glycerophosphorylcholine and sorbitol but not inositol contents | MEDAL |
AAM is a rare vulvovaginal perineal or pelvic mesenchymal neoplasm with a marked tendency to local recurrence but does not metastasize a case of an AAM of vulva in a yearsold women with an illness of one year prior to examination with a slow and progressive growth of the left vulvar region without other PS during PE a piriform RT of x cm was found located on the left labia majora soft tissue dependent wide resection of the RT were performed hystopathology reported an aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva with RT in resection margins the patient was treated with a gy postsurgical radiotherapy and gosereline mg monthly during cycles aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare neoplasm cases has been reported the treatment is surgical resection radiotherapy and hormonal adyuvant is not fully stablished | MEDAL |
one hundred staphylococcus spp strains were used to compare the results of two single potency DD methods oxacillin and methicillin disks the nccls disk diffusion and dilution methods correctly categorized all strains resistant to penicillinaseresistant penicillins prps the showa disk method showa yakuhin kako co ltd japan produced falsesusceptible results with approximately half of the prpresistant strains the PE by the showa method seemed to be the result of an excessive amount of drug micrograms in the disks a light inoculum and a high susceptible breakpoint less than or equal to microgramsml until these and other major technical differences between these two methods are resolved by internationally accepted testing standards susceptibility statistics andor PCTs information from the united states and japan cannot be reliably compared | MEDAL |
the present study was carried out on animals and humans in order to clarify auditory dominancy or lateralization and the contribution site of auditory evoked middle latency responses aemlrs normal aemlrs on guinea pigs and humans were quite similar and consisted of two negative and two positive peaks between and msec following the start of an AEP stimulus in normal human subjects the component pa peak to baseline measurement or napa trough to peak measurement was significantly greater in the temporal area contralateral to the stimulated ear than in the ipsilateral temporal area in guinea pigs however aemlrs were attenuated only by stimulation CL to the side on which a lesion was made by unilateral aspiration of the lemniscus or the VPI colliculus this auditory lateralization and CL dominancy were also verified by the direct cortical recording of aemlrs in humans and also by analysis of auditory evoked BB mapping in clinical studies aemlrs have been obtained even in a premature infant born T3 a week pregnancy in patients with well localized lesions of the brain stem all components of the aemlr to stimulation contralateral to the lesion side were affected however component pa of the response to stimulation contralateral to the lesion was mainly abolished in patients with unilateral thalamic or temporal lesions the following results were obtained component pa or napa of aemlr has significant lateralization the generation site of pa may be in the subcortical thalamic projection of the contralateral lobe component po or nopo is a true neurogenic response but is frequently enhanced by the postauricular reflex the CL IC is very important for the generation of po the AEP system hearing may have CL aemlr dominancy | MEDAL |
the projections of different subpopulations of myenteric neurons in the mouse small and C1 intestine were examined by combining immunohistological techniques with myotomy and myectomy operations the myotomies were used to examine the polarity of neurons projecting within the MP and showed that neurons containing immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase nos vasoactive intestinal peptide vip calbindin and ht projected anally while neurons with substance p spimmunoreactivity projected orally in both the small and large intestine neurons containing NPY y npy and calretininimmunoreactivity projected locally in the C1 intestine gabaimmunoreactive neurons projected both orally and anally with more axons tending to project anally myectomy operations revealed that circular muscle motor neurons containing nosvip npy and calretinin SN projected anally both in the small and C1 intestine while spimmunoreactive circular muscle motor neurons projected orally in the large intestine gabair circular muscle motor neurons projected both orally and anally this T0 showed that although some SN such as the nosvp inhibitory motor SN and interneurons sp excitatory motor SN and ht interneurons had similar projections to those in other species the projections of other chemical classes of neurons in the mouse intestine differed from those reported in other species | MEDAL |
this unit presents characteristics and reaction conditions of the dnadependent dna polymerases including e coli dna polymerase i KF of e coli dna polymerase i t dna polymerase native and modified t dna polymerase and taq dna polymerase | MEDAL |
squirrel monkeys responded under fixedinterval schedules in which the T1 after a fixed time period resulted either in the delivery of a food pellet or in the termination of stimuli associated with impending electric shock delivery TCA antidepressant drugs markedly increased responding in of monkeys studied less marked but reliable increases in responding were seen with others whereas the remaining monkeys showed no increases in responding increases in responding were observed with amitriptyline hcl mgkg imipramine hcl mgkg chlorimipramine hcl mgkg nortriptyline hcl mgkg and desmethylimipramine hcl mgkg amitriptyline was most potent and desmethylimipramine least potent the pattern of individual differences in the effects of the antidepressants was matched by a similar DP of differences in the effects of atropine sulfate mgkg and scopolamine hbr mgkg that is atropine and scopolamine increased responding only in those monkey showing increases in responding with the ADs in contrast all monkeys showed increases in responding with the histamine h antagonist diphenhydramine hcl mgkg the order of potency of the antidepressant drugs for producing rely different for brachial and femoral venous pacing catheters percent of brachial venous pacemakers required repositioning or replacement compared with percent of FA venous catheters p thirtyseven complications occurred in percent of episodes of pacing IVT during catheter insertion fever and phlebitis were the most common complications no complication resulted in death the incidence of complications and perforation was greater for brachial than for femoral A-V pacemakers p less than sepsis local infection and PE occurred only with FA A-V pacemakers sepsis phlebitis and pulmonary embolus were more common with temporary pacemakers in place for hours or longer p recognition to the problems peculiar to each pacing catheter site and shortening the duration of pacing should help minimize problems with temporary pacing | MEDAL |
crustacean molting is known to be regulated largely by ecdysteroids and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone chh neuropeptide family including moltinhibiting hormone mih and chh the surge of oh ecdysone andor ponasterone a initiates the molting process through IB to its conserved heterodimeric nuclear receptor ecdysone receptor ecr and ultraspiracle uspretinoidx receptor rxr to better understand the role of ecdysteroids in the molt regulation the FL cdnas of the blue crab callinectes sapidus ecr and rxr were isolated from the yorgans and their expression levels were determined in both yorgans and eyestalks at various molt stages yorgans show the expression of four putative isoforms of casecrs and casrxrs which differ in the length of the open reading frame but share the same domain structures as in typical nuclear receptors af dbd hr lbd and af the putative casecr isoforms are derived from a aa insert in the hr and a aa residue substitution in the lbd in contrast an insertion of a aa andor a aa in the dbd and lbd gives rise to casrxr isoforms the eyestalks and yorgans show the coexpression of casecrs and casrxrs but at the different levels in the eyestalks the expression C2 of casrxrs are times higher than those of casecrs while in yorgans casrxrs are times higher than casecrs a tissuespecific response to the changes in the levels of hemolymphatic ecdysteroids indicates that these tissues may have differences in the sensitivity or responsiveness to ecdysteroids the presence of UP open reading frame and internal ribosome entry site in utr sequences of c sapidus and other arthropod ecrrxrusp analyzed by in silico indicates a plausible strong controls of the translation of these receptors | MEDAL |
the regulators of complement activation gene cluster encodes a group of proteins that have evolved to control the amplification of complement at the critical step of c activation complement receptor cr is the most versatile of these inhibitors with both receptor and RII functions while expressed on most IP blood cells the only epithelial site of expression in the kidney is by the podocyte its expression by this cell population has aroused considerable speculation as to its biologic CF in view of many complementmediated renal diseases the goal of this investigation was to assess the role of cr on epithelial cells to this end we utilized a chinese hamster ovary cell MM system among our findings cr reduced cb deposition by ⼠during classical pathway activation however it was an even more potent regulator reduction in cb deposition of the AP this inhibition was primarily mediated by decay accelerating activity the deposited cb and cb were progressively cleaved with a t½ of ⼠min to cd and cd respectively by crdependent cofactor activity cr functioned intrinsically ie worked only on the cell on which it was expressed moreover cr efficiently and stably bound but didnt internalize cbcb opsonized immune complexes our studies underscore the potential importance of cr on an epithelial cell population as both an intrinsic complement regulator and an IA receptor these results provide a framework for understanding how loss of cr expression on podocytes may contribute to complementmediated damage in the kidney | MEDAL |
following a longitudinal T0 of chronic nona nonb hepatitis in italy and spain we evaluated the epidemiologic and clinical features of CHC in consecutively observed children male mean age years without underlying systemic diseases all subjects were positive for antibody to HC virus in SS by secondgeneration tests fortysix patients had received blood transfusions in the perinatal period had a mother with antibodies to hcv in serum five of these mothers were DUs or partners of a drug user seven had a history of putative percutaneous SE and had not been exposed to any risk AF for VH at presentation only were symptomatic mean alanineaminotransferase C2 were three times the upper normal value and CL histology showed AS disease in only nine of cases during a mean observation period of years only of patients complained of symptoms and of cases had histologic features of AS SH two patients had severe SH with associated cirrhosis however only six of cases achieved sustained biochemical remission the clinical features and the outcome were similar in both the posttransfusion and the communityacquired cases these results indicate that transfusions in the perinatal period are the single most important cause of HC in otherwise HC CA cases represent an heterogeneous epidemiologic group in which maternal transmission whether perinatal or postnatal could be relevantabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
lung slices from fetal rats of streptozotocindiabetic mothers incorporated hglycerol and hcholine into phosphatidylglycerol and DSPC respectively when compared to agematched fetuses from nondiabetic mothers lung phosphatidylglycerol synthesis of day fetuses of diabetic mothers was significantly diminished although hglycerol incorporation into other phospholipids was not impaired synthesis of DSPC was not diminished in lungs of or day fetuses of IDDM prenatal dexamethasone partially reversed the diminished phosphatidylglycerol synthesis at days of gestation the degree of stimulation was the same as that seen in day fetuses of normal mothers but the Vmax of hglycerol incorporation was about of that in day fetuses of normal mothers fetal lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis was not stimulated by dexamethasone in diabetic pregnancies in contrast to that seen in nondiabetic pregnancies these data suggest that maternal diabetes interferes with the ability of fetal lungs to synthesize phosphatidylglycerol a finding consistent with the delayed appearance of phosphatidylglycerol in the amniotic fluid of human diabetic pregnancies in addition maternal diabetes impairs the responsiveness of disaturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis to dexamethasone since phosphatidylglycerol synthesis is enhanced by prenatal dexamethasone this therapy may still be effective for reducing the adverse impact of maternal diabetes on fetal lung OD | MEDAL |
we have described herein a yearold male patient with hepatitis b virusrelated cirrhosis child class c showing a prolonged corrected qt interval who developed TP tdp in the neohepatic stage of liver transplantation lt there was no arrhythmia in the preanhepatic and anhepatic stages multiple premature ventricular complexes IVT and tdp suddenly developed at minutes T3 VG reperfusion without any prodromal arrhythmia they persisted for seconds laboratory tests showed that SS potassium calcium and magnesium concentrations of mmoll mmoll and mgdl respectively were within normal ranges likely causative factors for tdp in this patient included a prolonged QTc interval msec a low hematocrit and a low arterial blood pressure systolic blood pressure mm hg diastolic blood pressure mm hg in the neohepatic stage this case demonstrated the importance of optimal maintenance of coronary perfusion with an adequate hematocrit level and electrolyte concentrations to prevent the OD of tdp in cirrhotic patients with a prolonged QTc qt interval during lt | MEDAL |
curcumin diferuloylmethane the major yellow pigment isolated from the turmeric curcuma longa has received much attention due to several biological properties curcumin exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including antitumor antiinflammatory and antiinfectious MICs in the present study the effects of curcumin on apoptosis in the acute promyelocytic HL-60 hl cells was evaluated cytotoxic effects of curcumin on hl cells were determined by mtt hl cells underwent apoptosis on treatment with curcumin as indicated by increased annexin vbinding capacity and ICE activation with flow cytometric analysis concentrations of and μm curcumin significantly reduced cell proliferations when hl cells were treated with and μm concentration of curcumin AI rates were determined as and respectively on the incubations with the concentrations of curcumin caspase expressions were found to be elevated by and respectively it was shown that curcumin had significant cytotoxic and AI effects on hl cells it was suggested that curcumin may have a potential therapeutic role for human one | MEDAL |
prion diseases result from the accumulation of a misfolded isoform prpsc of the normal host prion protein prpc prpsc propagates by templating its conformation onto resident prpc to generate new prpsc although the nature of the prpscprpc complex is unresolved certain segments or TPS residues are thought to feature critically in its formation the polymorphic residue is one such site under considerable T0 we combined transmission studies with a novel live cell yeastbased fluorescence resonance energy transfer fret system that models the molecular association of prp in a prpsclike state as a way to explore the role of residue in this process we show that a reduction in efficiency of prion transmission between donor prpsc and recipient prpc that are mismatched at residue correlates with a reduction in fret between prpm and prpv in our yeast MM we further show that this effect depends on the different AA structure propensities of met and val rather than the TPS amino acids finally introduction of the diseaseassociated pl mutation mouse equivalent abolished fret with wildtype mouse prp whereas mutant prppl displayed high fret with rat prppl as long as residue matched these studies provide the first evidence for a physical alteration in the molecular association of prp molecules differing in one or more residues and they further predict that the different secondary structure propensities of met and val define the impaired association observed between prpsc and prpc mismatched at residue | MEDAL |
transcription of segmented negativestrand rna viruses is initiated by cap snatching a host mrna is cleaved generally at nt from its capped end and the resulting capped leader used to prime viral transcription for tomato spotted wilt virus tswv type species of the plantinfecting tospovirus genus within the bunyaviridae cap donors were previously shown to require a single base complementarity to the ultimate or penultimate viral template sequence more recently the occurrence in vitro of resnatching of viral mrnas ie the use of viral mrnas as cap donors has been demonstrated for tswv to estimate the relative occurrence of resnatching compared to snatching of host mrnas the use of cap donors with either single double or multiple complementarity to the viral template was analyzed in pairwise competition in tswv in vitro transcription assays a strong preference was observed for multiplebasepairing donors | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to evaluate acute effects of ethyl tertbutyl ether etbe in man T3 shortterm SE etbe may in the future replace methyl tertbutyl ether a widely used oxygenate in UG eight healthy male volunteers were exposed to etbe vapor for h at four levels and ppm during CS PE the subjects rated irritative PS discomfort and CNS system effects in a questionnaire ocular eye redness tear film breakup time conjunctival epithelial damage and blinking frequency nasal AR and analysis of inflammatory markers and cells in nasal lavage fluid and pulmonary peak expiratory flow forced expiratory volume in s forced vital capacity vital capacity and transfer factor measurements were performed significantly increased ratings of solvent smell p repeatedmeasures anova were seen during exposures and correlated to exposure levels furthermore significantly elevated ratings of discomfort in throat and airways were seen during and after ppm compared to the control SE p increased nasal swelling p and blinking frequency p were noted at all exposure levels but their magnitudes were not related to SE levels a slightly impaired pulmonary function was seen at and ppm since forced vital capacity p and vital capacity p differed significantly from the clean air exposure although the impairments seemed to fall within normal inter and intraindividual R2 and have no clinical relevance as such it cannot be excluded that other individuals may react more severely than eight healthy male volunteers in this study | MEDAL |
a singleblind placebocontrolled parallelgroup and multiple oral dose T0 was conducted in healthy subjects to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple oral doses of sesame lignans sesamin and episesamin subjects were randomly divided into two groups each subject was po mg of sesame lignans sesaminepisesamin or PL once daily for days the pharmacokinetics of the sesame lignans were investigated using of the subjects in the sesame lignans group no serious adverse events were observed in this T0 sesamin was absorbed with a PPC at h the plasma concentration of the main metabolite sc reached a peak at h and decreased rapidly with a terminal halflife of h episesamin was also absorbed with a peak plasma concentration at h and decreased with a terminal halflife of h the plasma concentration of the main metabolite ec reached a peak at h and decreased rapidly with a terminal halflife of h the PC of sesamin and episesamin reached a Css by day sesame lignans were confirmed to be safe and tolerable in HS the results of the pharmacokinetic T0 demonstrate that no accumulation was observed following multiple mg doses of sesame lignans | MEDAL |
septin is a novel member of the septin subfamily of gtpase domain proteins that was recently identified in human neuronal cells these proteins are involved in vesicle trafficking neurite outgrowth and neurofibrillary tangle formation however the expression and functional role of septin in normal neuronal tissues and as an etiological agent in neurological disorders is currently unclear to further characterize these parameters the present study analyzed the expression of three isoforms of septin a b and c in fetal and adult human brains and polymorphism of the septin exon microsatellite in control pure alzheimers disease ad lewy body variant lbv of ad and parkinsons disease septin mrnas for isoforms a and b but not c were detected in the FC cortex of fetus and AD human samples as measured by reverse transcriptioncoupled polymerase chain reaction TT analyses indicated that polymorphic septin alleles were distributed in two peaks of frequency in both control and disease CG categorization of the alleles into short s and long l types revealed a significant difference between ad patients and controls p by chisquare test furthermore the sallele homozygosity was significantly underrepresented in ad compared with control p by chisquare test these results suggest that polymorphism in exon of septin may have a determinative role in the pathogenesis of ad | MEDAL |
growth hormone gh resistance leads to enhanced protein catabolism and contributes to the malnutrition of patients with chronic renal failure crf in shortterm trials anabolic effects of rhgh therapy have been demonstrated in patients on chronic hemodialysis | MEDAL |
lyme borreliosis lb is the most prevalent tickborne disease in europe erythema migrans em an early localised skin rash is its most common presentation dissemination of the bacteria can lead to more severe manifestations including skin neurological cardiac musculoskeletal and ocular manifestations comparison of lb incidence rates in the EU union eueuropean economic area eea and balkan countries are difficult in the absence of standardised surveillance and reporting procedures we explored six surveillance scenarios for lb surveillance in the eueea based on the following key indicators i EM ii neuroborreliosis iii all human lb manifestations iv seroprevalence v tick bites and vi INF ticks and reservoir hosts in our opinion neuroborreliosis seems most feasible and useful as the standard key indicator being one of the most frequent severe lb manifestations with the possibility of a specific case definition additional surveillance with erythema migrans as key indicator would add value to the surveillance of neuroborreliosis and lead to a more complete picture of lb epidemiology in the eueea the other scenarios have less value as a basis for eulevel surveillance but can be considered periodically and locally as they could supply cDNA insights | MEDAL |
the effects of exogenous VE growth factor vegf on angiogenesis bloodbrain barrier permeability and astroglial proliferation in the AD rat cns in situ were investigated recombinant human vegf or ngml was delivered for up to week using either IC osmotic minipumps or less traumatic subdural PGS placement by days vegf delivery caused significantly increased CBF angiogenesis ngml was most effective in both experimental models when compared to saline controls vegf infusion resulted in a increase in an index of vascular proliferation and PGS delivery produced a increase the bloodbrain barrier hallmark endothelial glucose transporter was not present in nascent V1 sprouts infusion of vegf produced extensive protein leakage that persisted T3 salineinduced permeability was mostly resolved while gelatin sponge administration caused milder barrier dysfunction administration of the angiogenic factor had unexpected proliferative effects on astroglia in both models resulting in an increase in mitotically AS astroglia when compared to controls immunohistochemical results and semiquantitative RT-PCR indicated that the vegf receptors flk and flt were upregulated in response to the infusion trauma flt was localized to reactive astroglia while flk was expressed in V1 EC but predominantly in neuronal somata and processes adjacent to the delivery site mrna for the vegf vegf and vegf isoforms was also increased T3 delivery of the recombinant protein these data show that vegf application has substantial proliferative effects on cns endothelium and astroglia and causes upregulation of its own message flt and flk receptor mrnas and proteins are upregulated in both V1 and nonvascular cell types following infusion trauma from these results we suggest that po vegf has heretofore unanticipated pleiotrophic effects in the adult cns | MEDAL |
in SDRs by means of in vivo MD combined with hplc analysis it was shown that the infusion into the n accumbens of the dreceptor antagonist raclopride microm did not affect extracellular level ofcitrulline an no coproduct in this BB area the intraaccumbal infusion of nmda an nmda receptor agonist microm caused a rise of the extracellular citrulline level in this brain area this rise was prevented by intraaccumbal infusion of mm nitroindazole a neuronal nosynthase inhibitor and it was significantly reduced by the infusion of raclopride microm into this brain area the data obtained suggest that the dreceptors of the n accumbens are implicated in the regulation of nNOS activity induced by local nmda receptor stimulation | MEDAL |
atrial natriuretic peptide anp stimulates lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation in humans the mechanism appears to promote lipid mobilization during exercise we tested the hypothesis that WI augments exerciseinduced anp release and that the change in anp availability is associated with increased lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation in an open randomized and crossover fashion we studied men age years body mass index kgm body fat on no medication subjects underwent two incremental GXT on a bicycle ergometer one test was conducted on land and the other test during immersion in water up to the xiphoid process in a subset n we obtained electromyography recordings in the left leg we monitored gas exchange blood pressure and heart rate in addition we obtained blood samples towards the end of each exercise step to determine anp norepinephrine epinephrine lactate free fatty acids insulin and glucose concentrations heart rate systolic blood pressure and oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold and during peak exercise were similar on land and with exercise in water the respiratory quotient was mildly reduced when subjects exercised in water gl and lactate measurements were decreased whereas free fatty acid concentrations were increased with exercise in water WI att EN and norepinephrine and augmented anp PR during exercise even though WI blunts exerciseinduced sympathoadrenal activation lipid mobilization and lipid oxidation rate are maintained or even improved the response may be explained by augmented anp PR | MEDAL |
in this work a cellular automaton software package for simulating different infectious diseases storing the simulation results in a data warehouse system and analyzing the obtained results to generate prediction models as well as contingency plans is proposed the brisbane hn flu virus which has been spreading during the winter season was used for simulation in the federal state of tyrol austria | MEDAL |
mice immunized with purified wholecell ribonucleic acid rna rna from the bacterial particulate fraction and ribosomeassociated rna obtained from salmonella typhimurium were found to be resistant to subsequent challenge infection with virulent salmonellae chemically the immunogenic nucleic acid fractions contained from to contaminant material defined based on the mean of different S9 as protein deoxyribonucleic acid methyl pentose hexose and undefined carbohydrate heptoses and lipoidal material were not detectable in any of the immunogenic preparations examined physically the nucleic acid preparations after analytical ultracentrifugation exhibited three boundaries similar to those reported elsewhere in comparable systems to s s and s an DUE of the immunity induced by the ribosomeassociated rna established that the immune response was i comparable to that induced days postimmunization with live salmonellae and by ribosomal vaccines but greater at days postimmunization than that in mice immunized with attenuated salmonellae ii dependent on the quantity of immunogen administered iii dependent on the size of the L3 inocula iv inhibited at but not at days postimmunization when the immunogenic nucleic acid preparations were incorporated into freunds incomplete adjuvant v reduced or lost by dialysis in relatively high or low immunizing doses respectively and vi unaffected by enzymatic treatment of the preparations with TR deoxyribonuclease pronase plus pancreatic ribonuclease or pancreatic ribonuclease alone the possible mode of action of ribosomeassociated rna in inducing an immune response to subsequent challenge infection with the rat organism is discussed | MEDAL |
the mechanism by which gentamicin augments the uptake of paminohippurate pah by rat renal cortical slices was investigated in all experiments gentamicin was administered as gentamicin sulfate at mgkg bwt per day for days control rats were injected with saline the effect of gentamicin on the metabolism of pah to PABA paba acetylpaba and acetylpah was studied by high performance liquid chromatography no metabolites of pah were detected in renal slices of gentamicininjected or control rats incubated in medium containing pah efflux of cpah was measured T3 incubating renal cortical slices for hours in medium containing x m cpah the efflux rate constant was min in control slices and min in gentamicin slices p less than no significant difference in the diffusible pool of pah was found between the two CG which supports an argument against increased tissuebinding of pah as the explanation for the augmented uptake of pah by slices of gentamicininjected rats active pah transport was assessed in terms of MM kinetics vmax was micronmolg min in control slices and micronmolg min in gentamicin slices p less than the apparent reaction rate constant km was not different km was and mm in control and gentamicin slices respectively p less than in contrast to pah gentamicin did not alter uptake of nmethynicotinamide an organic base nor did it alter the efflux rate constant or diffusible pool of nmethylnicotinamide increased pah uptake was still evident when slices of gentamicininjected rats were incubated in medium without acetate these studies indicate that gentamicin stimulates active pah transport and decreases pah efflux in rat renal cortical slices both changes implicate an effect of gentamicin at the antiluminal membrane of PT tubular cells the finding of an increase in vmax without a change in km raises the possibility that gentamicin increases the amount or availability of carrier proteinmediating pah transport | MEDAL |
apolipoprotein e encoded by apoe is the main apoprotein for catabolism of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein two common singlenucleotide polymorphisms snps in apoe rs and rs determine the three epsilon alleles that are established genetic risk factors for lateonset alzheimers disease ad cerebral amyloid angiopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage ich these two snps are not present in most commercially available genomewide genotyping arrays and cannot be inferred through imputation using hapmap reference panels therefore these snps are often separately genotyped introduction of reference panels compiled from the genomes project has made imputation of these SCV possible we compared the directly genotyped and imputed snps that define the apoe epsilon alleles to determine the accuracy of imputation for inference of unobserved epsilon alleles we utilized genomewide TT data obtained from two cohorts of ich and ad constituting subjects of EU ancestry our data suggest that imputation is highly accurate yields an acceptable proportion of missing data that is nondifferentially distributed across case and control CG and generates comparable results to genotyped data for hypothesis testing further we explored the effect of imputation algorithm parameters and demons implicated in chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel diseases ENG cd a transforming growth factorβ superfamily coreceptor expressed on EC and some myeloid cells is a modulator of angiogenesis involved in wound healing and potentially in resolution of inflammation we showed previously that endoglin heterozygous eng mice subjected to dextran sodium sulfate developed severe colitis abnormal colonic vessels and high tissue vegf we therefore tested in the current T0 if treatment with a monoclonal antibody to vegf could ameliorate chronic colitis in eng mice tissue inflammation and microvessel density mvd were quantified on histological slides colonic wall thickness microvascular hemodynamics and targeted madcam inflamed vessels were assessed in vivo by ultrasound mediators of angiogenesis and inflammation were measured by milliplex and elisa assays colitic eng mice showed an increase in intestinal inflammation mvd colonic wall thickness microvascular hemodynamics and the number of madcam microvessels relative to colitic eng mice these parameters were all att by antivegf treatment of all AF upregulated in the inflamed gut granulocyte colonystimulating factor gcsf and amphiregulin were further increased in colitic eng versus eng mice antivegf therapy decreased tissue vegf and inflammationinduced endoglin ilβ and gcsf in colitic eng mice our results suggest that endoglin modulates intestinal angiogenic and inflammatory responses in colitis furthermore contrastenhanced ultrasound provides an excellent noninvasive imaging modality to monitor gut angiogenesis inflammation and responses to antiangiogenic treatment | MEDAL |
whitematter lesion count and volume estimation are key to the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis ms automated ms lesion segmentation methods that have been proposed in the past years reach their limits when applied to patients in early disease stages characterized by low lesion load and small lesions we propose an algorithm to automatically assess ms lesion load number and volume while taking into account the mixing of healthy and lesional tissue in the image voxels due to partial volume effects the proposed method works on d mprage and d flair images as obtained from current routine ms clinical protocols the method was evaluated and compared with manual segmentation on a cohort of earlystage ms patients with low disability and showed higher dice similarity coefficients median dsc and higher PCD rate median dr than two widely used methods median dsc median dr for automated ms lesion segmentation we argue that this is due to the higher performance in segmentation of small lesions which are inherently prone to partial volume effects | MEDAL |
hepatic functional activity was studied CL was considerably enlarged and its PET indices decreased at the early postoperative stages especially in patients suffering from severe inflammation these results compared with the clinical indices of intoxication one can infer on the major role of medium mass molecules in the increased blood toxicity in these patients this was confirmed by the analysis of correlation and regression relationships between hepatic PET testing and blood toxicity | MEDAL |
two of the primary problems of implants in use today result from the materials used in their construction metal and polyethylene and from the necessary additional fixation with PMMA in order to alleviate these well known difficulties we studied ceramic material alo with mgo which exhibits several advantages in these Az but has a diminished bending strength to take advantage of the ceramic material we tested a cementfree implantation which should allow unhindered growth of bone tissue to or into the material in particular the interface relationship under load bearing was investigated the course of the tissue differentiation and ingrowth on the surface of the ceramic implants under dynamic AS was studied by a specifically disegned distancespacer these were tested on the femur of foxhounds and sheep as well as by use of temporary immobilization histological investigations in intervals of weeks showed the course of the OD of the interface tissue after removal of the binding materials the behavior of es various kinds of shock hypertensive crisis AS situations and those specific for certain diseases diabetes melitus essential hypertension athersclerosis collagenoses etc in all the above diseases the pathological process affects the functional structures of microcirculation that undergo a rearrangement in accordance with the requirements of the body in the initial period of the disease this rearrangement is of a compensatory nature and passes ahead of the clinical manifestations a comparison of the pictutrs obtained by biomicroscopy of the bulbconjunctiva of the eye and of other mucosae with film S9 of the serosae demonstrates their CR similarity therefore the method of biomicroscopy of the eyeball and of the mucosae as a method reflecting the state of MC in the body as a whole should become an integral part of the CE of patients | MEDAL |
information regarding orthodontic service provision by GA dental practitioners in australia is limited the aim of this survey was to determine the amount and variety of orthodontic services provided by GDPs in the melbourne statistical division victoria australia a random sample of dentists drawn from the victorian dentists register was surveyed by mailed questionnaire replied data were collected using a fortnight log during this time per cent of the dentists saw at least one orthodontic patient one dentist saw orthodontic patients removable orthodontic appliances were used by per cent of the dentists and fixed orthodontic appliances by per cent twentysix per cent provided comprehensive orthodontic treatment per cent aligned incisors and per cent corrected anterior crossbites the general dental practitioners surveyed provided a wide range of preventive and interceptive orthodontic services to generally a small percentage of their patients | MEDAL |
the negative regulation of the biotin biosynthetic bio operon in escherichia coli is mediated by the bifunctional bira gene product which serves as the bio repressor and biotinactivating enzyme nucleotide CS analysis of mutations in the bira gene was employed to T0 the dnabinding and enzymatic functions of the bira protein the results indicate that a predicted helixturnhelix structure from amino acid aa positions to within the aa bira protein may be responsible for sequencespecific dna binding whereas the temperaturesensitive mutations affecting biotin activation are found in two regions from aa positions and | MEDAL |
effects of a novel polysaccharide plp from the seeds of plantago asiatica l on intestinal function were investigated in vitro results showed that plp had notable influence on slowing down gl DWI and inhibiting αamylase activity these might help prolong blood glucose response and hence control the postprandial gl concentration plp could also decrease pancreatic lipase and protease activities which may help lower the levels of SS lipids and modify protein digestibility in addition plp was able to bind bile acids and may reduce cholesterol level these results suggested that plp may have potential benefits for human intestinal function and might be used as a potential ingredient in PET food applications | MEDAL |
we analyzed cases of tracheal stenosis treated et surgically at the national institute of respiratory diseases between march and june the surgical technique practiced was EEA of the trachea att the most important cause of stenosis was orotracheal intubation percent followed by tracheostomy respiratory scleroma thyroid carcinoma with tracheal invasion and neck trauma we describe the treatment of the patients and discussed the results which were satisfactory from the functional anatomical point of view in all patients except one who died of hepatic coma weeks postoperatively we conclude that endtoend anastomosis of the tr is the treatment of choice to tracheal stenosis | MEDAL |
frailty is a term commonly used to describe the condition of an older person who has chronic health problems has lost PET abilities and is likely to deteriorate further however despite its common use only a small number of studies have attempted to define the syndrome of frailty and measure its prevalence the criteria fried and colleagues used to define the frailty syndrome will be used in this T0 ie weight loss fatigue decreased GS slow gait speed and low physical activity previous studies have shown that clinical outcomes for frail older people can be improved using multifactorial interventions such as comprehensive geriatric assessment and single interventions such as exercise programs or nutritional supplementation but no interventions have been developed to specifically reverse the syndrome of frailtywe have developed a multidisciplinary intervention that specifically targets frailty as defined by fried et al we aim to establish the effects of this MI on frailty mobility hospitalisation and institutionalisation in frail older people | MEDAL |
PEEPi peep and gas trapping are recognised hazards during ventilation of patients with airflow obstruction demonstration of these phenomena on conventional lung models using realistic ventilation settings is difficult we describe an PEEPi model that is able to demonstrate dynamic gas trapping and intrinsic peep at realistic ventilation settings and demonstrate its ability to develop PEEPi in a timeframe useful for teaching the model uses a heimlich valve to permit a lower resistance on inspiration than expiration the model was tested using a series of typical ventilation settings which when applied in a clinical setting on patients with airflow obstruction issues would result in prolonged low expiratory flow and the OD of PEEPi of to cmhsubsubo and ultimately significant gas trapping the ipm can be used to demonstrate this effect and the ventilator adjustments required to minimise these problems | MEDAL |
the effectiveness of vertical bone augmentation was evaluated in the cranial bone of rabbits using a block of deproteinized bovine bone plus porcine collagen dbbb and a corticocancellous human bone block chbb with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein rhbmp in comparison with a GBR gbr technique the rabbits were divided into six CG dbbb alone dbbbrhbmp dbbbmembrane chbb alone chbbrhbmp and chbbmembrane groups after weeks the rabbits were killed the chbb CG showed higher values than the dbbb CG in terms of vertical height the area of new bone fill and the maintained grafted area in the chbb groups the chbbrhbmp group revealed similar results to gbr this animal study verifies that a chbb with rhbmp could be an alternative treatment option for vertical bone augmentation | MEDAL |
we present two children with hypoplasia of the left trapezius muscle and a PH of ipsilateral transient neonatal BP palsy without documented trapezius weakness magnetic resonance imaging in these patients with unilateral left hypoplasia of the trapezius revealed decreased muscles in the left side of the neck and left supraclavicular region on coronal views decreased muscle mass between the left SP capitis muscle and the subcutaneous tissue at the level of the neck on axial views and decreased size of the left paraspinal region on sagittal views three possibilities can explain the association of hypoplasia of the trapezius and obstetric BP palsy increased vulnerability of the brachial plexus to stretch injury during delivery because of intrauterine TR weakness a casual association of these two conditions or an erroneous diagnosis of BP palsy in patients with trapezial weakness careful documentation of neck and shoulder movements can distinguish among shoulder weakness because of TR hypoplasia brachial plexus palsy or BP palsy with trapezius hypoplasia hence we recommend precise documentation of neck movements in the initial description of patients with suspected neonatal BP palsy | MEDAL |
a method for biochemically isolating microtubuleassociated proteins maps from the detergentextracted cytoskeletons of carrot suspension cells has been devised the advantage of cytoskeletons is that filamentous proteins are enriched and separated from vacuolar contents depolymerization of cytoskeletal MTs with calcium at degrees c releases maps which are then isolated by association with taxol stabilized neurotubules stripped from microtubules mts by salt then dialysed the resulting fraction contains a limited number of high molecular weight proteins turbidimetric assays demonstrate that this map fraction stimulates polymerization of tubulin at concentrations at which it does not selfassemble by adding it to rhodamineconjugated tubulin the fraction can be seen to form radiating arrays of long filaments unlike mts induced by taxol in the electron microscope these arrays are seen to be composed of mainly single MTs blotaffinity purified antibodies confirm that two of the proteins decorate cellular microtubules and fulfil the criteria for maps antibodies to an antigenically related triplet of proteins about kda map stain interphase preprophase band spindle and phragmoplast MTs antibodies to the kda map also stain all of the mt arrays but labelling of the cortical mts is more punctate and unlike antimap the nuclear periphery is also stained both the anti kda and the anti kda antibodies stain cortical mts in detergentextracted substrateattached BPM disks footprints since the kda protein is detected at two surfaces nucleus and BPM known to support mt growth in plants it is hypothesized that it may function there in the attachment or nucleation of mts | MEDAL |
a T0 was conducted on dairy farms in the cannonsville reservoir basin delaware county ny to identify FF strategies in commercial dairy herds that will reduce manure phosphorus and mass farm phosphorus balance lactating cow diets on all farms were evaluated monthly for mo using the cornell net carbohydrate and protein system milk production and herd reproductive performance were measured monthly manure phosphorus content was measured every mo reduced phosphorus diets precision feeding were implemented in of the herds mean herd phosphorus intakes in the herds ranged from to of requirement dietary phosphorus intakes in the herds where diets were modified were reduced from of requirement to an average reduction of predicted phosphorus intakes and manure excretions were reduced kgyr per cow after dietary adjustments in the herds fecal phosphorus concentrations decreased milk production was not adversely affected by reduced phosphorus diets whole farm mass phosphorus balances amount of phosphorus remaining on the farm on the farms were reduced with the percentage of imported phosphorus remaining on the farm reduced to less than achieving feed phosphorus reductions similar to those of this T0 on all of the estimated to mature dairy cattle in the cannonsville basin could reduce feed phosphorus importforms to mitokatp channels pkc inhibitors found to be involved in ipc were added min before and min during preconditioning by diazoxide followed by min simulated ischemiamin reoxygenation in a second experiment creatine kinase leakage and methylthiazoletetrazolium cell viability were measured phosphorylation of pkc isoforms after activation of the sample by either DZ or ipc was detected by using western blot analysis and then analyzed by using scion image software pkcalpha and epsilon inhibitors blocked ipc whereas pkcdelta and beta inhibitors did not the protection elicited by DZ believed to be via mitokatp channels opening was blocked by the inhibition of pkcalpha but not epsilon isoforms in addition DZ caused increased phosphorylation of pkcalpha to the same extent as ipc but did not affect the phosphorylation of pkcepsilon a process believed to be critical in pkc activation the results demonstrate that pkcalpha and epsilon are involved in ipc of the human myocardium with pkcepsilon being UP and pkcalpha being downstream of mitokatp channels | MEDAL |
mrp rna is a noncoding rna component of rnase mitochondrial rna processing mrp a multiprotein eukaryotic endoribonuclease reported to CF in multiple cellular processes including ribosomal rna processing mitochondrial dna replication and cell cycle regulation a recent T0 predicted a potential drosophila ortholog of mrp rna cr by computerbased genome analysis we have confirmed the expression of this gene and characterized the phenotype associated with this locus flies with mutations that specifically cation sff technologies namely microprinting along with microfabrication techniques a d microprinted microorgan can serve as an in vitro platform for CC drug screening or to elicit further biological insights this chapter firstly details the principles methods and applications that undergird the fabrication process development and adaptation of microfluidic devices for the creation of a drug screening MM this model involves the combinatorial setup of an automated syringebased layered direct cell writing microprinting process with soft lithographic micropatterning techniques to fabricate a microscale in vitro device housing a chamber of microprinted d microorgan that biomimics the cells NK microenvironment for enhanced performance and functionality in order to assess the structural formability and biological feasibility of such a microorgan d cellencapsulated hydrogelbased tissue constructs are microprinted reproducibly in defined design patterns and biologically characterized for both viability and cellspecific CF another key facet of the in vivo microenvironment that is recapitulated with the in vitro system is the necessary dynamic perfusion of the d microscale liver analog with cells probed for their collective drug metabolic function and suitability as a drug metabolism model | MEDAL |
the plasma membrane proteins of lymphocyte populations from normal outbred syrian hamsters were compared with those of a neoplastic transformant L1 gd induced by simian virus both quantitative and qualitative differences were observed gradient dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE revealed L1 protein components in the CM of both cell populations both membrane categories also contained small amounts of immunoglobulin compared with the CM of the reference cell population gd membranes showed a decrease of approximately daltons of glycoprotein a reduction of about a dalton band and virtually complete loss of a dalton component concomitant with a increase in a dalton band F0 to two subcomponents mol wt approximately daltons and emergence of approximately and daltons glycoproteins in addition the relative mobility of an approximately dalton component increased by roughly u crossed immune electrophoresis in trition x with heterologous AS against gd microsomal CM revealed both a new component with a high level of electrophoretic mobility and intensification and additional heterogeneity in a strongly antigenic component with a low level of electrophoretic mobility crossedline immune PACE indicated that at least two antigens in the membranes of gd cells lacked the membranes of the reference cell population | MEDAL |
in recent years use of microbial biomass for decolourization of textile industry wastewater is becoming a promising alternative in which some bacteria and fungi are used to replace present treatment processes saccharomyces cerevisiae mtcc decolourized the triphenylmethane dyes malachite green cotton blue methyl violet and CV by biosorption showing different decolourization patterns however MG decolourized by biosorption at the initial stage and further biodegradation occurred about in plain DW within h and about in gl medium within h under aerobic conditions and at RT decolourization of malachite green depends on various conditions such as concentration of dye concentration of cells composition of medium and agitation hplc uvvis ftir and tlc analysis of samples extracted with ethyl acetate from decolourized culture flasks confirmed the biodegradation of MG into several metabolites a study of the enzymes responsible for the biodegradation of malachite green in the control and cells obtained after decolourization showed the MICs of laccase lignin peroxidase nadhdcip reductase MG reductase and aminopyrine ndemethylase in control cells a significant increase in the MICs of nadhdcip reductase and mg reductase was observed in the cells obtained after decolourization indicating a L1 involvement of reductases in malachite green degradation | MEDAL |
a mouse monoclonal antibody ehc mab raised against whole cell antigens of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites of the pathogenic strain hm imss and polyclonal antisera pab against membrane antigens of e histolytica trophozoites of CS hth mutm were screened against a cdna library of the pathogenic CS sfl the monoconal antibody detected many phage plaques expressing an e histolytica protein the dna sequence encoding the protein was approximately MZ over bp to TV pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase pfor and pyruvate flavodoxin oxidoreductase from klebsiella pneumoniae anabaena variabilis and enterobacter agglomerans two of seven clones detected by mouse polyclonal antisera also encoded this protein two others encoded entamoeba hsp another encoded entamoeba alkylhydroperoxide reductase and the remaining two were unidentified sequences entamoeba pfor is an abundant antigenic protein which may be a useful target for the OD of protective host immune responses against invasive amebiasis | MEDAL |
in kearns and sayre described a multisystem entity now known as kearnssayre syndrome kss the syndrome is defined as exhibiting a triad of thus far unexplained degenerative conditions PEO retinal pigmentary degeneration and CHB commonly accompanying findings include cerebellar dysfunction and csf protein C2 above mgdl PS usually appear in early childhood but the onset has been seen occasionally in young adults kss is a mitochondrial disorder that occurs rarely the actual incidence is unknown ocular findings consist of BL ptosis chronic PEO and pigmentary retinopathy corneal clouding and optic neuritis are infrequent we herein report a classic case of kearns sayre syndrome and discuss the findings | MEDAL |
dietary intake of n and n may affect endogenous production and incorporation of n longchain pufa lcpufa from fish oils fo this doubleblinded controlled x factorial week intervention investigates the effects of high and low n NI in combination with fosupplementation on tissue HFA composition healthy young men n were randomized to capsules with fo or olive oil control mld and to either sunflower oil and margarine sb or rapeseed oil and a butter spread rk to provide a high or a low n NI diet was measured by d weighed dietary records at baseline during and weeks after the MI and tissue incorporation as fatty acid composition of peripheral blood MNC cells pbmc the fat MI gave a mean difference in the n NI of gd ci and a similar n intake in the CG the rk CG had a fatty acid fa ci p higher content of n in the pbmc a tendency of slightly higher n p but no more n p than the sb groups fo effectively raised the pbmc content of all n lcpufa p the fat intervention did not markedly influence the effect of fo the mean pbmc content of n lcpufa was sem fa in the fosb group and sem fa in the fork group in conclusion increasing the n intake did not have any pronounced effect on incorporation of n lcpufa in pbmc either alone or with simultaneous fo supplementation | MEDAL |
this prospective observational T0 evaluated the tau and safety of oocytedonation cycles triggered with a gonadotrophinreleasing hormone gnrh agonist without monitoring oestradiol concentrations during ovarian stimulation a total of oocyte donors received recombinant fsh day and gnrh antagonists mgday oocyte maturation was triggered with mg triptorelin sc donors aged ± years were stimulated for ± days and underwent ± ultrasound assessments total fsh dose was ± iu antagonists were po for ± days ± oocytes were retrieved and there were no cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome recipients n aged ± years received ± oocytes of which were metaphase ii intracytoplasmic sperm i.t. FR was and ± embryos were transferred the pregnancy clinical pregnancy and twin pregnancy rates were and respectively in conclusion given the high tau and safety of the gnrhantagonist protocol triggered with a gnrh agonist the monitoring of oestradiol concentrations is not necessary ultrasound monitoring is enough for an adequate follow up of the stimulation cycle in oocyte donors | MEDAL |
an enzymatic endpoint determination of xylitol and sorbitol by the use of liditol dehydrogenase is described despite the use of ph and the addition of semicarbazide the reaction goes only to completion therefore a standard value has to be used the lower limit for measurement of concentrations in SS is around mmoll the most favorable range is between and mmoll with a coefficient of variation of below sensitivity and precision is higher than with the kinetic method described earlier further simplification for the routine control of infusion therapy with polyols is suggested | MEDAL |
we report a case of neuroendocrine ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast the RT was shown to be an intracystic RT on performing ultrasonography the patient was a yearold woman amorphous calcifications were detected on her right breast on performing mammography during breast CA screening ultrasonography indicated that the RT was mm in diameter and displayed features of an intracystic RT a vacuumassisted core needle biopsy for breast RT led to a diagnosis the pathological diagnosis was mastopathy we could not rule out malignancy of the tumor subsequently we performed surgical resection with mm margins the pathological diagnosis was intracystic NE carcinoma in situ positive for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and negative for herneu the ki positive cell index was the surgical SM was negative we performed a wholebody checkup and confirmed a diagnosis of tisnm stage she was initiated endocrine therapy with tamoxifenmgday four years T3 surgery she was well without metastases | MEDAL |
the arabidopsis genome encodes four dicerlike dcl proteins two of which contain putative nuclear localization signals this suggests one or more nuclear pathways for processing dsDNA ds rna in plants to T0 the subcellular location of processing of nuclearencoded dsrna involved in transcriptional silencing we examined short interfering si rna and micro mi rna accumulation in transgenic arabidopsis expressing nuclear and cytoplasmic variants of p a VP that suppresses posttranscriptional gene silencing p binds specifically to dclgenerated to nucleotide nt dsrnas with nt overhangs and reportedly suppresses the accumulation of all size classes of sirna nuclear p resulted in a significant reduction of to nt sirnas and a nt mirna but had a lesser effect on nt sirnas cytoplasmic p did not decrease the quantity but resulted in a nt truncation of sirnas and mirna this suggests that the direct products of dcl cleavage of dsrna precursors of to nt sirnas and mirna are present in the nucleus where their accumulation is partially repressed and in the cytoplasm where both normal sized and truncated forms accumulate dcl which contains two putative nuclear localization signals is required for mirna production but not sirna production dclgreen FL protein F0 proteins localize to nuclei in transient expression assays indicating that dcl is a nuclear protein the results are consistent with a MM in which dsrna precursors of mirnas and at least some to nt sirnas are processed in the nucleus the former by nuclear dcl and the latter by an unknown nuclear dcl | MEDAL |
differentiated TC accounts for of all thyroid cancers and occurs as papillary carcinoma in of cases it was shown as this is characterized by an excellent LT prognosis although in followup long series were described recurrence rates up to although in the past has not been attributed prognostic significance to the lymph NO in the last decade has shown how these can affect the rate of locoregional recurrence of differentiated TC this renewed interest in lymph node M1 has prompted a shift in surgical treatments more aggressive with a view to achieving a low incidence of LRR analyzing the more recent guidelines formulated at the international level we can highlight how we gradually consolidated the role of prophylactic central compartment lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of patients with differentiated TC the aim of this treatment in fact is not only to reduce the mortality of patients but to obtain an adequate staging facilitate radiotherapy treatment obtain undetectable thyroglobulin levels avoiding the need for repeated reiterventi made more simple followup all these objectives can be achieved by careful surgery total Tx associated with prophylactic lymphadenectomy of the V1 was found to achieve these objectives although in the absence of data from randomized trials its role remains controversial | MEDAL |
the structureactivity relationship of a series of tricyclicsulfonamide EDC culminating in the discovery of ntransdihydrodithiaazabenzoeazulenylaminocyclohexylmethylmethanesulfonamide lu aa is reported compound was identified as a selective and high affinity npy antagonist with good oral BA in mice and rats dose dependent inhibition of feeding was observed after icv injection of the selective npy agonist cppnpyalaaibglnhpp in addition ip administration of lu aa mgkg produced antidepressantlike effects in a rat MM of chronic mild stress | MEDAL |
continuous IM electromyograms emgs were recorded from the soleus sol medial gastrocnemius mg tibialis anterior ta and vastus lateralis vl muscles of rhesus during normal cage activity throughout h periods and also during TM locomotion daily C2 of mg tendon force and emg activity were obtained from five monkeys with partial datasets from three other animals activity C2 correlated with the lightdark cycle with peak MICs in most muscles occurring between and the lowest levels of activity generally occurred between and daily emg integrals ranged from mvs in one ta muscle to mvs in one sol muscle average values were sol mg ta and vl mvs the average sol emg amplitude per h period was microv compared with microv for a short burst of locomotion mean emg amplitudes for the sol mg ta and vl during AS periods were and microv respectively emg amplitudes that approximated recruitment of all SF within a muscle occurred for sday in all muscles the duration of daily activation was greatest in the sol se min and shortest in the ta min the results show that even a postural muscle such as the sol was active for only approximately of the day whereas less AS muscles were active for approximately of the day mg tendon forces were generally very low consistent with the mg emg data but occasionally reached C2 close to estimates of the maximum force generating potential of the muscle the sol and ta MICs were mutually exclusive except at very low levels suggesting very little coactivation of these antagonistic muscles in contrast the mg activity usually accompanied sol activity suggesting that the mg was rarely used in the absence of sol activation the results clearly demonstrate a wide range of activation C2 among muscles of the same animal as well as among different animals during normal cage activity | MEDAL |
metallothioneins mt are essential metal binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification in living organisms numerous studies have focused on mt response to metal exposure and showed an important R2 according to species metal concentration and time of SE in this study the expression of one isoform of mt gene cemt and associated mt protein synthesis were determined after and h of Cd cd or mercury hg exposures in gills of the cockle cerastoderma edule this experiment carried out in laboratory conditions revealed that in cdexposed cockles induction of cemt is timedependent following a pulsescheme with significant upregulation at h and h intersected by time point h with significant downregulation mt protein concentration increases with time in gills of exposed cockles in relation with the progressive accumulation of cd in soluble fraction on contrary hg SE does not lead to any induction of cemt mrna expression or mt protein synthesis compared to control despite a higher accumulation of this metal in gills of cockles compared to cd the localization of hg is in insoluble fraction whereas mt was located in the cytop the transfer segment of dna during the catalytic cycle of the topoisomerase | MEDAL |
inflammatory myofibroblastic PT are rare lesions of uncertain etiology that are often difficult to diagnose because of their myriad clinical presentations not uncommon they mimic persistent pneumonia we report a yearold girl who presented with prolonged pyrexia WL severe anemia hepatosplenomegaly and nonresolving pneumonia initial investigations including flexible bronchoscopy and bronchial washing for usual causes of persistent pneumonia such as tuberculosis and other infections were negative chest computed tomography revealed a welldefined lesion involving the lingula and left upper lobe with extension into the subpleural space pleural tap and biopsy was also noncontributory thoracoscopic biopsy was suggestive of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as the lesion was encasing the L1 vessels it was considered inoperable the patient did not respond to steroid therapy and etoricoxib and later succumbed to the illness this uncommon tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who presented with unresolving consolidation with pyrexia | MEDAL |
antipeptide antibodies that specifically recognize the alpha subunit of class ad voltagegated ICa and a monoclonal antibody manc to the alpha subunit of ltype ca channels were used to investigate the CSD of these ca channel subtypes in SN and glia in models of brain injury including kainic acidinduced epilepsy in the hippocampus mechanical and thermal lesions in the forebrain hypomyelination in VWM and ischemia IS of the alpha subunit of ltype ca channels by the manc antibody was increased in reactive astrocytes in each of these forms of BB injury the alphac subunits of class c ltype ICa were upregulated in reactive astrocytes located in the affected regions in each of these models of brain injury although IF for the alpha subunits of class d ltype class a pqtype and class b ntype ca channels did not NC from patterns normally observed in control animals in all of these models of brain injury there was no apparent RD or upregulation of the voltagegated ICa in SN the upregulation of ltype ca channels in reactive astrocytes may contribute to the maintenance of ionic homeostasis in injured BB regions enhance the release of neurotrophic agents to promote neuronal survival and differentiation andor enhance signaling in astrocytic networks in response to injury | MEDAL |
we measured ascorbic acid reduced and Ox in BB csf and blood before during and after CBF ischemia in newborn piglets bilateral carotid ligation induced a decrease in cerebral blood flow p and a decrease in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen p after ischemia and reperfusion we obtained a decrease p in total brain ascorbic acid content csf ascorbic acid increased during reperfusion at min p and at min p blood ascorbic acid content did not NC these changes and the absence of massive oxidation of ascorbic acid in brain tissue suggest PR of ascorbic acid by the brain during ischemia | MEDAL |
Kd of snon is thought to play an important role in the transactivation of tgfbeta responsive genes we demonstrate that the anaphasepromoting complex apc is a ubiquitin ligase required for the destruction of snon and that the apc pathway is regulated by tgfbeta the destruction box of snon is required for its Kd in response to tgfbeta signaling furthermore the apc activator cdh and smad synergistically regulate snon degradation under these circumstances cdh forms a quaternary complex with snon smad and apc these results suggest that apccdh and snon play CE roles in regulating growth through the tgfbeta signaling system | MEDAL |
medical management of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage sah includes hypertensive hypervolemic and HD tripleh therapy however there is little information regarding the indications and guidance used to initiate and adjust tripleh therapy | MEDAL |
myeloid cells are a feature of most tissues here we show that during OD retinal myeloid cells rmcs produce wnt ligands to regulate blood vessel branching in the mouse retina where angiogenesis occurs postnatally somatic deletion in rmcs of the wnt ligand transporter wntless results in increaprograms controlling midbrain OD the homeodomain proteins lmxa and lmxb are important for the specification of dns during embryogenesis but it is unclear to what degree they may mediate redundant or specific functions here we provide evidence showing that dn progenitors in the ventral midbrain can be subdivided into molecularly distinct medial and lateral domains and these subgroups show different sensitivity to the loss of lmxa and lmxb lmxa is specifically required for converting nonneuronal floorplate cells into neuronal dn progenitors a process that involves the establishment of notch signaling in ventral midline cells on the other hand lateral dn progenitors that do not appear to originate from the FP are selectively ablated in lmxb mutants in addition we also reveal an unanticipated role for lmxb in regulating phoxa expression and the sequential specification of ocular motor neurons omns and red nucleus SN rnns from progenitors located lateral to dns in the midbrain our data therefore establish that lmxb influences the differentiation of multiple neuronal subtypes in the ventral midbrain whereas lmxa appears to be exclusively devoted to the differentiation of the dn lineage | MEDAL |
tumefactive demyelinating disease is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease idd of the CNS system cns the literature lacks a clear and consistent description of the clinical and radiological spectrum of this disorder and few chinese cases have been studied here we report chinese patients with pathology confirmed cns idd who had distinct clinical and imaging features from those in previous reports median AAO was years with a female to male ratio of multifocal lesions were present in nine cases on their prebiopsy magnetic resonance imagings mris with locations predominantly involving periventricular VWM subcortical white matter juxtacortical regions and cortical GM moderate to severe perilesional edema andor mass effect were present in of cases a variety of enhancement patterns were observed most were heterogeneous including ringlike patchy venularlike nodular punctate and diffuse in a decreased frequency perilesional restriction on diffusionweighted images dwi were evident in cases clinical course prior to biopsy was a first neurological event in cases during a median followup of years of cases remained as isolated demyelinating syndrome and experienced a total or neartotal REC regardless of whether they received immunotherapy further studies are needed especially concerning series with pathological confirmation and longterm followup information | MEDAL |
clinical aki measured by SS creatinine elevation is associated with LT risks of adverse cardiovascular cv events and mortality in patients T3 cardiac surgery to evaluate the relative contributions of urine kidney injury biomarkers and plasma cardiac injury biomarkers in adverse events we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of adults undergoing CS on postoperative days we measured five urine biomarkers of kidney injury il ngal kim lfabp and Al and five plasma biomarkers of cardiac injury ntprobnp hfabp hsctnt ctni and ckmb the primary outcome was a composite of LT cv events or death which was assessed | MEDAL |
in august the provincial government of québec canada introduced funding of assisted reproduction treatment through the provincial health programme alongside this benefit legislation was introduced to control assisted reproduction treatment MICs in the province including restrictions on the number of embryos that could be transferred in any one cycle the aim of the programme was to transfer a single embryo in every cycle multiple embryos could be transferred under suboptimal conditions but required physician justification in the first months of this programme cycles of ivf were performed in five québec assisted reproduction centres with an overall clinical pregnancy rate of per embryo transfer and of transfers used elective singleembryo transfer eset the multiplepregnancy rate was only per clinical pregnancy in prior to the introduction of the programme eset was used in only of embryo transfers resulting in a multiplepregnancy rate of these data demonstrate that providing provincially funded assisted reproduction treatment created an environment in which the aggressive use of eset was not only possible but also rapidly implemented the result was a dramatic drop in multiplepregnancy rates approaching those for natural pregnancies | MEDAL |
the rational OD of peptide vaccines requires the ID of both b and tcell epitopes in this study potential thelper cell epitopes of semliki forest virus sfv were identified on the basis of their ability to induce delayedtype hypersensitivity dth in mice using recombinant sfv fragments produced as hybrid proteins with betagalactosidase in escherichia coli and SP coupled to betagalactosidase although the tested fragments spanned almost the entire CAA sequence of the structural proteins of sfv only one dthinducing region located between amino acid and of the sfv e membrane protein was identified MMP containing this e region stimulated CL node cells from sfvprimed mice in vitro the ability of the identified tcell epitope to induce a TPS thelper response in mice was evaluated using SP that contained combinations of the dthinducing region and different previously identified linear bcell epitopes of e these MMP proved able to induce an antipeptide igg response in mice in an hdrestricted fashion one of the peptides was also able to induce high titres of igg reactive with sfvinfected cells and protected of the peptideimmunized mice T3 challenge with virulent sfv our findings suggest that dth and thelper activity are mediated by different doses of the same tcell epitope | MEDAL |
one of the key ingredients in drug discovery is the derivation of conceptual templates called pharmacophores a pharmacophore MM characterizes the physicochemical properties common to all AS molecules called ligands bound to a particular protein receptor together with their relative spatial arrangement motivated by this important application we develop a bayesian hierarchical model for the derivation of pharmacophore templates from multiple configurations of point sets partially labeled by the atom type of each point the model is implemented through a multistage template hunting algorithm that produces a series of templates that capture the geometrical relationship of atoms matched across multiple configurations chemical information is incorporated by distinguishing between atoms of different elements whereby different elements are less likely to be matched than atoms of the same PE we illustrate our method through examples of deriving templates from sets of ligands that all bind structurally related protein AS sites and show that the model is able to retrieve the key pharmacophore features in two test cases | MEDAL |
to understand the many potential causes and resulting consequences of dna damage scientists first need methods to detect it canadian scientists x chris le and michael weinfeld with help from us molecular biologist steven leadon developed a selective CS technique for measuring dna damage the scientists combined a thymine glycol antibody with Tg to selectively tag a specific type of dna damage they then added a second antibody with fluorescing properties and used laserinduced fluorescence to identify the damaged portion of the tagged dna the fluorescence can be quantified with higher C2 of fluorescence indicating higher dna damage the technique was shown to find damaged base in billion normal bases this level of sensitivity could allow the measurement of dna damage resulting from clinical levels of radiation and may allow scientists to establish a daytoday baseline for dna damage from this baseline it would be possible to ascertain the levels of damage that a cell can tolerate as well as how much damaged it is capable of repairing on a daily basis | MEDAL |
high bone mass hbm disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous bone diseases characterized by increased bone density on radiographs due to progressive bone overgrowth or impaired bone resorption or both some hbm cases are AA to other diseases such as chronic HCV despite the great advance in gene diagnostic technology the majority of hbm individuals remain undiagnosed | MEDAL |
the present experiments tested the involvement of CE CA systems in the sucklinginduced PR of oxytocin ot during lactation in the rat in the first experiment female rats in midlactation were separated from their F1 for h and then allowed to suckle their litters for or min or to remain nonsuckled the TR of norepinephrine ne and dopamine da were calculated from the rate of decline T3 synthesis inhibition suckling decreased the kcat of da in the ME and in the NIL gland suckling increased the kcat of ne in the rostral PVH and supraoptic nuclei areas that contain most of the ot cells that project to the NL of the pituitary and in the interstitial nucleus of the ST but not in the arcuate or caudal PVH nuclei median eminence or neurointermediate lobe in a second experiment midlactating females received IC microinjections of the catecholamine neurotoxin hydroxydopamine or of VH into the vicinity of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei week before a suckling test the release of ot was CR prevented in hydroxydopaminetreated animals and ne was significantly decreased in the paraventricular supraoptic and arcuate nuclei in a third T0 the increase in plasma ot in response to suckling was prevented by stimulation of da receptors with bromocriptine while blockade of da receptors with domperidone significantly increased plasma ot levels in nonsuckled lactating rats these results suggest that suckling stimulation activates the noradrenergic innervation to the rostral PVH nucleus and to the supraoptic nucleus which exerts an excitatory influence on the release of ot and decreases activity of the tuberohypophyseal da system which provides a tonic GABA influence over the secretion of ot | MEDAL |
the scalp topography of the p component of the human flash visual evoked response was investigated by means of the biologic BB mapping system thirty subjects ranging in age from to years had flash visual evoked responses recorded using the standard electrode positions referred to a balanced noncephalic REF the subjects were divided by age into three groups young middle and old a p component was recorded over the occipital region for all three CG and a frontal negative component was found to occur concurrently with the p occipital component neither the young or the middle age groups showed an identifiable p component however this component was clearly present in the older group at msec the CSD of this component was more widespread anteriorly than the p component in both the middle and the older age groups an earlier FC negative component was present at around msec no such component was recordable in the young this work suggests that the OD of the p component during middle age is preceded by the OD of a frontal negative component of around the same RL | MEDAL |
to determine the role of the oral glucose ATT in the early detection of newonset diabetes after transplantation nodat and to compare the various risk factors and insulin kinetics in the transplant patients we studied liverelated renal allograft recipients who were not diabetic before transplantation immunosuppression included triple drug therapy cyclosporine azathioprine and CS and rejection episodes were treated with methyl prednisolone mgkg iv à days all the T0 patients were subjected to an oral glucose ATT ogtt at day posttransplant and classified as having normal glucose tolerance ngt IFG ifg impaired gl tolerance igt and nodat as per the world health organization guidelines insulin levels were also determined at ½ hour hour and hours during ogtt nodat was noted in of the T0 patients ifg in of the T0 patients and ngt in of the study patients all the CG had normal FPG but higher than normal insulin levels suggesting insulin resistance the patients with overt nodat had in addition low FI insulin sec defect ogtt may be used for the early detection of nodat although insulin resistance is detected in the majority of posttransplant patients nodat also reveals also an insulin sec defect | MEDAL |
avian reovirus multiples in chicken embryo fibroblasts although the avian virus adsorbs to l cells and is uncoated therein it does not multiply in the nonpermissive infection of l cells with the ARV only four of the genomic segments of the viral genome are transcribed l m s and s and these are the same segments that have been designated previously as early functions in the permissive infection of l cells with type reovirus when l cells are coinfected with ARV and type virus all ten segments of the avian viral genome are transcribed although there is no synthesis of avian viral dsDNA rna type reovirus multiplies almost normally in this mixed infection the most likely explanation is that a cellular repressor blocks transcription of the six late segments of the avian viral genome and that this repressor is removed by the coinfection with type virus a second block prevents replication of the viral genome | MEDAL |
the effects of stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus fn on the activity of NS neurones in the PVH pvn of rats anaesthetized with urethane and alphachloralose were investigated by extracellular and intracellular recordings with extracellular recording pvn neurosecretory neurones were identified by antidromic activation following stimulation of the pituitary stalk of which were spontaneously firing and were silent three types of responses to fn stimulation or pulses at hz were observed in of spontaneously firing pvn NS neurones inhibition type i with a RL of ms mean sd of neurones excitation type e with ms latency of and inhibitionexcitation type ie with ms RL of silent NS neurones did not respond to fn stimulation twelve per cent of nonneurosecretory cells three out of twentysix tested responded to fn stimulation one was inhibited and two were excited repetitive stimulation hz s of the fn which evoked a stimuluslocked pressor response suppressed ongoing activity of pvn neurosecretory neurones in twentynine of sixtyeight of neurones tested in of these neurones the activity was also inhibited by i.v. of phenylephrine micrograms in ml ringer solution while in other neurones the injection had no effect rebound excitation of neurone activity lasting for min T3 termination of repetitive stimulation was observed in of the neurones ten neurones were excited by repetitive stimulation successful intracellular recordings were made from seventytwo pvn neurones of which thirtyseven were NS cells the mean resting membrane potential was mv n range from to mv the input resistance of NSC was m omega range m omega n this value was higher than that for nonneurosecretory cells which was found to be m omega range m omega n the difference was statistically significant p less than students t test in response to fn stimulation sixteen of the thirtyseven NS neurones showed ipsps with latencies of ms and three exhibited epsps with latencies of msabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
CII can be synthesized in two forms generated by AS of the precursor mrna type iia procollagen which contains a cysteinerich domain in the nhpropeptide exon is produced by precartilage and noncartilage epithelial and mesenchymal cells and type iib PC without the cysteinerich domain is characteristic of chondrocytes mice lacking type ii collagen fail to develop intervertebral discs we have previously shown that the human intervertebral disc and notochord synthesize primarily the type iia form of procollagen therefore we investigated the CSD of type iia PC during early disc OD in humans by processes of radioactive in situ hybridization and fluorescence immunohistochemistry we localized mrna and protein of type iia PC type i collagen and type iii collagen in fetal intervertebral disc specimens ranging from day embryonic stage to day week of gestation antibodies to the three distinct domains of type iia PC the nhpropeptide the fibrillar domain and the coohpropeptide were used the earliest stage of developing intervertebral disc days stage was characterized by diffuse synthesis of types i and iii collagens in the dense zone intervertebral area and synthesis of type iia procollagen by the chondrocyte progenitor cells surrounding the disc the notochord cells synthesized and deposited into the notochordal sheath all three fibrillar collagens by days stage the developing disc was clearly divided into three regions the outer annulus characterized by synthesis and deposition of types i and iii collagens the inner annulus characterized by synthesis and deposition of type iia collagen containing the nhpropeptide but devoid of the coohpropeptide pnprocollagen and the notochord the cells of which synthesized and deposited of all three fibrillar collagens in later stages of fetal OD days a change in type iia procollagen processing was observed in the cells of the inner annulus even though these cells continued to synthesize type iia PC they deposited into the extracellular matrix ecm only the processed fibrillar domain with the nhpropeptide removed this finding indicates that there is a developmentally regulated NC in the processing of type iia procollagen nhpropeptide in the cells of the inner annulus this mechanism is in contrast to previously shown developmental regulation of the CRD of the nhpropeptide by AS of the F0 mrna although the cells of the inner annulus have been identified as chondrocytes based on their shape and synthesis of characteristic ecm components they appear to represent a distinct developmental pathway characterized by their synthesis and differential processing of type iia PC this developmental pattern may prove important for disc regeneration | MEDAL |
particulate mercury which is bound with aerosol in atmosphere has a negative impact on human health and the environment also plays an important role in the biogeochemical process of mercury in this paper taking southeast coastal city of xiamen as research object the pm pm and tsp were collected in residential tourism industrial area and BG respectively during four seasons october september ra mercury analyzer was employed to determinate mercury concentration in different size particle matters based on zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry the results showed that the contents of particulate mercury in different size of aerosol during winter spring were obviously higher than that of summer autumn the concentrations of particulate mercury in fine particle during spring summer autumn and winter were and pgm respectively the exp data showed that the particulate mercury were mainly distributed in fine particles pm which covered and it can be concluded that the rate of particulate mercury enrichment in coarse particle was much lower than that of fine particle the CS of atmospheric particulate mercury concentration in different functional areas was BG resident tourism industrial area suburban which showed characteristics of spatial distribution of particulate mercury was affected by the sampling location on the whole xiamen had a low level of atmospheric particulate mercury the enrichment of pm to particulate mercury was significantly higher than that of pm and tsp and showed that fine particle pollution should be tightly controlled to reduce particulate mercury | MEDAL |
moderate hyperhomocysteinemiainduced low folate status is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease dementia and depression folate is an essential cofactor in the onecarbon metabolism pathway and is necessary in CAA metabolism purine and thymidylate synthesis and dna methylation in the folate cycle and homocysteine metabolism folate vitamin b vitamin b and vitamin b are important cofactors many enzymes are involved in folate transport and uptake the folate pathway and homocysteine hcy metabolism and various polymorphisms have been documented in these enzymes serum folate and total hcy thcy levels are influenced by folate NI and genetic polymorphisms in methylenetertahydrofolate reductase mthfr such as ct the prevalence of the mthfr tt genotype varies across ethnic groups and regions with a frequency of approximately in japanese populations individuals with the tt TT have significantly higher thcy C2 and lower folate levels in serum than those with the ct and tt genotypes however administration of folic acid has been shown to eliminate these differences moreover data have suggested that interventions based on TT may be ERP for motivating individuals to NC their lifestyle and improve their nutrition status accordingly in this review we discuss the effects of mthfr ct polymorphisms on SS thcy and folate C2 with folic acid MI and evaluate approaches for overcoming folic acid deficiency and related PS | MEDAL |
in a doubleblind placebo T0 acetyllcarnitine was po to probable AD who were then compared by clinical and p magnetic resonance spectroscopic measures to placebotreated probable ad patients and agematched HCs over the course of year compared to ad patients on PL acetyllcarnitinetreated patients showed significantly less deterioration in their minimental status and alzheimers disease assessment scale test scores furthermore the decrease in phosphomonoester C2 observed in both the acetyllcarnitine and PL ad groups at entry was normalized in the acetyllcarnitinetreated but not in the placebotreated patients similar normalization of highenergy phosphate levels was observed in the acetyllcarnitinetreated but not in the placebotreated patients this is the first direct in vivo demonstration of a beneficial effect of a drug on both clinical and cns neurochemical parameters in ad | MEDAL |
the ability of plasma proteins to neutralize the AC activity of heparin was studied using a thrombin time assay with normal AD and patient plasma samples the TT of normal AD plasmas spiked with the same amount of heparin were found to vary significantly and this variability was attributed to differences in heparinbinding proteins among individuals this possibility was investigated by determining TT for a variety of plasma samples following proteolytic digestion a study of patient pooled plasma showed that incubation with a protease increased the thrombin time from s to s suggesting that the AC activity of heparin could be neutralized by plasma proteins and released with proteolytic digestion incubation of the digested plasma with heparinase i returned the thrombin time almost to control values in addition patients who received prior heparin i.v. had different responses to similar dosages of heparin as indicated by differences in thrombin times thus the anticoagulant activity of heparin may be affected by the balance between free heparin and proteinbound heparin in plasma | MEDAL |
menkes kinky hair disease a lethal xlinked recessive trait is characterized by abnormal copper accumulation in several nonhepatic tissues the level of many copper enzymes is severely reduced leading to damage of the connective and nervous tissues of the patients cultured skin fibroblasts from menkes patients retain more copper then normal controls and the excess metal is bound to metallothionein low doses of copper in the media induce mt gene transcription in menkes but not in normal cells transfection experiments using a plasmid containing the mouse mti promoter fused to the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyl transferase show that the activation of the mmti promoter is in trans two other effects are observed in menkes cells a two heatshock like proteins are synthesized in response to low doses of copper in the growth medium and b menkes cells are more sensitive then normal fibroblasts to copper toxicity our interpretation of these results supports a model for a defect in one end of the second year of surveillance | MEDAL |
we investigated protein modifications that occur during short and LT storage of raw pasteurized and ultrahightemperature processed uht milks using rehplc and redox proteomics the rehplc results show that CS dissociation and whey proteinκcasein association occurred in both pasteurized and uht milk the extent of protein interactions was more pronounced in uht milk T3 storage the redox proteomics analyses show that primary structural level protein modifications were not correlated to processing type on the of day processing but did occur and increase during storage methionine oxidation was the most significant type of oxidative modification in all samples particularly in the caseins Met oxidation increased in the uhttreated milk samples with longer storage times especially in the micellephase proteins likely due to the increasing SE of these proteins as they migrated to the SS phase glycated and lactosylated earlystage maillard reaction products were also found T3 heat treatment particularly in uhttreated milk with the C2 of these products maintained and generally increased with increasing storage time practical application understanding changes in protein modification during heat processing and storage of liquid milk products may help develop a model to predict the quality and shelflife stability of heat treated milk products | MEDAL |
surveys report that of cats are overweight or obese the most evinced cause is neutering WL often fails thus new strategies are needed obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy SE body weight and adiposity this T0 aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity ER and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using s rrna gene sequencing in eight lean IN eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and T3 weeks of ER lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans with a greater abundance p· of firmicutes and lower abundance p· of bacteroidetes compared with the other groups the greater abundance of firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in peptostreptococcaceae obese cats had an reduction in fat mass after SE restriction p· SE reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two lowabundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera the greatest change was a reduction in the firmicutes genus sarcina from · to · abundance T3 energy restriction the short duration of ER may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats additional work is needed to understand how neutering obesity and WL are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology | MEDAL |
human V1 smooth muscle cells hvsmc rendered quiescent by maintenance under serumfree SC conditions for h exhibited several metabolic responses normally associated with proliferation following exposure to low density lipoprotein ldl ldl induced a time and dose halfmaximally ERP concentration ed nm dependent activation of s kinase which could be negated following pretreatment of hvsmc with otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa for h in myohinositolprelabeled hvsmc ldl caused a rapid maximum within min decrease in phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate p less than and phosphatidylinositol phosphate p less than with a return to prestimulated levels within min ldl induced a concomitant increase in hinositol phosphates for which the order of generation was inositoltris greater than bis greater than mono phosphate and which reached threshold levels of significance p less than above control values within and min respectively the effect of ldl on hvsmc phosphoinositide metabolism was dosedependent halfmaximally ERP concentration ed nm this concentration like that for s kinase approximates with the kd nm for high affinity IB of ildl to TPS receptors x sitescell on hvsmc ldl induced a rapid but transient translocation of protein kinase c from the cytosol to CM as assessed using both immunoblotting and h betaphorboldibutyratebinding procedures SE of quiescent hvsmc to ldl elevated intracellular ph delta ph p less than such alkalinization was prevented in the presence of nak exchange inhibitors such as amiloride dimethylamiloride and ethylisopropylamiloride in an investigation of the nuclear action of ldl a timedependent induction of both cmyc and cfos was observed such ldlinduced expression of these nuclear protooncogenes was not detectable in protein kinase c downregulated hvsmc nevertheless in spite of the cascade of growthpromotional responses elicited by ldl in quiescent hvsmc this lipoprotein alone under SF conditions was neither mitogenic in nuclear labeling experiments nor could it support growth of hvsmc in SC we demonstrate that ldl might CF in a complementarysynergistic fashion with other weakly mitogenic to vsmc growth AF and suggest that activation of protein kinase c vis à vis intrinsic tyrosine kinase characteristic of other growth factor receptors may be crucial to the ST pathway for ldl | MEDAL |
the expression of mdr gene product pglycoprotein pgp was investigated in normal and reactive bone marrows by means of immunocytochemistry using the monoclonal antibody mab c and the ALP phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method in a limited number of patients data were confirmed by using the mab mrk or a polymerase chain reaction assay for mdr mRNA there was no history of prior chemotherapy or any malignancy in this group bone marrow aspirates were obtained as part of a routine diagnostic programme in bone marrow donors or in patients presenting with a variety of diagnoses such as unexplained gammopathy fever anaemia other changes in IP blood smear rheumatoid ICA vasculitis or urticaria pigmentosa morphologically the bone marrow was normal in patients a megaloblastic IDE was seen in two patients and unspecific changes were seen in patients twentyseven of samples were found to be positive for pgp expression with the percentage of positive cells ranging from mean with a cutoff point of five of normal and of reactive bone marrows were considered positive for pgp expression there was no obvious correlation between diagnosis or age and pgp expression additional IF for the early surface marker cd was performed in samples with none of them revealing more than positivity since pgp expression has so far been described only in cd positive bone marrow cells data suggest that pgp expression may be reinduced in cd negative cells under conditions which remain to be determined | MEDAL |
twenty nine adult sd rats in the experiment were randomly separated into two CG nineteen rats of them were intramuscularly injected im with coriaria lactone cl mgkg for female rat mgkg for male rat two days a time continued times to induce repeated seizures as the exp group the control group n was injected with normal saline ns in the same volume as that of cl the rats of EG were subdivided into a treatment group n with scna mgkg and a placebo group n receiving ns in the same volume as that of sc na all rats of repeated seizure were po once every day for a week the results indicated that scna mgkg could inhibit in some degree the growth of immune organs spleen and thymus and significantly decrease the ada activity of thymus cerebrum and cerebellum suggesting that the antiepileptic mechanism of scna is probably related with the decreased activity of ada and the increased adenosine level in BB | MEDAL |
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