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a sixdimensional intermolecular potential energy surface for a rigid methane ch and carbon dioxide co dimer was developed from the counterpoisecorrected supermolecular approach at the ccsdt level of theory a total of grid points distributed to orientations were calculated from the CR basis set limit extrapolation based on up to augccpvqz basis set a modified sitesite pair potential CF was proposed for rapid representation of the high level ab initio calculations a nonadditive threebody interaction was represented by the axilrodtellermuto expression for mixtures with the polarizability and the london dispersion constant of each molecule second to fourth virial coefficients of ch and co mixtures were calculated using both the mayer sampling monte carlo method and the present potential functions the virial equation of state derived from these coefficients was used to predict the pvt values and showed good PA with experimation and severity of dengue PS and diminishes the likelihood of severe complications to this end there are AS discovery efforts in industry and academia to develop interventions with a focus on small molecule inhibitors of dengue virus replication that are suitable for therapy or chemoprophylaxis advancements in animal models of dengue virus infection together with the possibility of a dengue human infection MM have further enhanced the platform for dengue drug discovery whilst drug discovery efforts gestate there are ongoing clinical research designed to benefit todays patients including trials of supportive care interventions and descriptive studies that should improve the ability of clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis early in the illness course and to identify patients most at risk of progression to severe disease this review provides a state of the art summary of dengue drug discovery PCTs and supportive allied research and reflects discussions at the nd international dengue therapeutics workshop held in ho chi minh city vietnam in december | MEDAL |
visceral toxocariasis is a neglectogenic transmission electron microscope was used to achieve the first direct observation of the formation of a ML of phospholipid membrane surrounding βhematin | MEDAL |
laminins lm are EM molecules that contribute to and are required for the formation of basement CM they participate in the modulation of epithelialmesenchymal interactions and are implicated in organogenesis and maintenance of organ homeostasis among the lm molecules the lm α chain lmα is one of the most widely distributed lm in the developing and mature organism its presence in some basement membranes during embryogenesis is absolutely required for maintenance of basement membrane integrity and thus for proper organogenesis lmα also regulates the expression of genes important for major biological processes in part by repressing or activating signaling pathways depending upon the physiological context | MEDAL |
in the rat about of the intestinal content of sec immunoreactivity is found distal to the duodenum with a peak in the ileum this work therefore studied whether the sec immunoreactivity in distal ileum could be released by substances normally found in the intestinal lumen an isolated loop of ileum or duodenum was perfused with mm hcl mm hcl mm taurocholate mm oleate mm glucose mm amino acids or mm nacl in anesthetized rats release of secretin immunoreactivity was estimated by the integrated response above basal in HPB substantial PR of secretin immunoreactivity was seen after both ileal and duodenal perfusion with concentrated hcl and taurocholate whereas perfusion with oleate was followed by a lesser response the response to taurocholate was slower than that to hcl but more likely represents a physiologic mechanism the results show that the distal small intestine is capable of contributing to secretin immunoreactivity in the circulation and it is speculated that bile salts and sec constitute parts of a negative feedback loop | MEDAL |
lipase has been isolated from sheep pancreas the lipoprotein complex formed in pancreas homogenates by the enzyme and endogenous lipids is split by treatment with AC lipase is further purified by ionexchange chromatography and gel filtration the molecular weight and the AA composition of ovine lipase are very similar to that of the porcine and bovine enzymes as previously found in bovine lipase no carbohydrate is covalently bound to the polypeptide chain which has a nterminal residue of lysine the study of the catalytic properties of ovine pancreatic lipase indicates that the enzyme is fully G1 by colipase from various species in the presence of conjugated bile salt micellar solutions | MEDAL |
this paper gives an explanation for the experimentally observed ON latencies of the inhibitory responses that vary from a few milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds in systems where the conduction delays are only several ms in the feedback pathways to do this we use a simple mathematical MM the model consists of two delay differential equations dde where the nonlinear relation between the postsynaptic potential and the firing frequency of the neuron population arises from the stoichiometry of the transmitterreceptor kinetics the parameters of the MM refer to the hippocampal feedback system and the modeling results are compared with corresponding experiments | MEDAL |
the gene encoding thymidylate synthase a thya was cloned from a genomic library of bacillus subtilis the sequence of thya was found to be highly similar to that of the phage phi t thymidylate synthase gene this similarity is however limited to about nucleotides spanning the coding region and the adjacent region the flanking sequences are not related an integrative plasmid containing a dna fragment with a deletion within the coding region of thya was constructed and used to replace the chromosomal thya gene transformants unable to grow without thymidine at degrees c were obtained genetic and PCS mapping techniques were used to show that the cloned dna fragment harbouring delta thya was integrated at degrees on the b subtilis chromosome | MEDAL |
LD Az on computed tomography were correlated with changes in the neurological state of a patient who had CVS T3 subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm no aneurysm was revealed on repeated angiograms initially because of vasospasm but a low density area was found in the inferior part of the left FC lobe following an attack of low blood pressure on the th day hiested the largest was of alanine a increase with glucose a decrease with drugs histidine was often increased and the nonessential amino acids were mostly decreased the pattern of changes was somewhat different in the mouse BB from that in the rat BB changes of amino acid levels may participate in the pharmacological action of a number of compounds | MEDAL |
the PET significance of imidazoline i IB CS is unknown but MD studies have indicated that the administration of isite ligands leads to an increase in extracellular C2 of monoamines the TPS isite ligand benzofuranylimidazoline bfi generates a cue in drug discrimination thereby indicating PET consequences of isite ligand IB in the present work we explored the ability of selective noradrenergic and serotonergic ligands to substitute for bfi hooded lister rats were TR in twolever operant chambers with condensed milk reward to distinguish bfi mgkg from saline vehicle by pressing the correct lever to a predetermined success criterion training sessions were then interspersed with sessions in which animals were po test substances and the proportion of lever presses on the bfiassociated lever substitution recorded several agents exhibited significant partial substitution for bfi the monoaminereleasing agents damphetamine and fenfluramine dosedependently substituted for bfi while norepinephrine desipramine reboxetine and serotonin clomipramine CIT reuptake inhibitors substituted at one or more doses further investigation using specific receptor agonists and antagonists indicated a possible role for activation of alphaadrenoceptors but failed to support involvement of alphaadenoceptor betaadrenoceptor or hta receptor activation these results support the concept that the bfi cue may contain both NE and serotonergic components | MEDAL |
perfluorocarbon pfc emulsions are intravascular oxygen therapeutics that temporarily enhance PO2 in dilutional anemia however pfc emulsions are not resuscitation fluids because pfcs only work optimally in the presence of high o partial pressure hyperoxia moreover because they have no oncotic potential dosing limitations prevent their use to permanently replace C1 hemorrhage volumes our objective was to clarify whether in the presence of hyperoxia a conventional colloid therapy supplemented by pfc is more efficacious than colloid CT to answer this question anesthetized ventilated dogs were hemorrhaged to a MAP pressure of mmhg and were kept at this level until a metabolic o debt of ml kg body weight had evolved hyperoxia was established and dogs were randomly allocated to receive colloid hes hydroxy ethyl starch shed blood volume or colloid together with oxygent PFB emulsion wv alliance pharmaceutical corp san diego ca single dose ml kg ie g pfc kg body weight in a blinded fashion hemodynamic and o transport parameters intestinal mucosal blood flow microspheres and o partial pressure mdoelectrode eschweiler kiel germany were measured at baseline in shock and during h posttherapy in the presence of hyperoxia oxygent improved the amount of physically dissolved o in plasma and increased the contribution of physically dissolved o to global o delivery p and thus whole body o consumption when compared with colloid CT p as a result oxygent reduced intestinal mucosal hypoxia and global o debt within the fen hampered by a lack of standards for use thus the national cancer institute convened a workshop to assess developments and applications of these methods develop standards for methodology and engage relevant partners drug and device industries researchers clinicians and government to encourage sharing of data and methodologies consensus recommendations were reached for dcemri methodologies and the focus for initial multicenter trials of mrs in this meeting report we outline the presentations the topics discussed the ongoing challenges identified and the recommendations made by workshop participants for the use of dcemri and h mrs in the clinical assessment of antitumor therapies | MEDAL |
the article deals with the comparative study of the state of phagocytosis as manifested by the ingestion of bacterial cells and by the results of the TPS lupus erythematosus test in patients with acute viral hepatitis a and patients with acute VH b these patients were also compared with respect to the presence of the markers of antigenemia and the state of their nonspecific immunity determined by the level of SS immunoglobulins | MEDAL |
involution of the thymus was observed in rats bearing ah solidtype tumors the thymus weight decreased with tumor growth daily i.t. of a pharmacological dose of hydrocortisone into normal rats resulted in involution of the thymus and marked increase in alanine aminotransferase activity this treatment also caused slight increase in the activity of IMT aminotransferase but not of AST aminotransferase in these animals involution of the thymus in TB rats however was not accompanied by appreciable increases in the MICs of these aminotransferases even at an T3 stage of RT growth when the CS level was very high and significant increase in the activities of all these enzymes was observed in the CL further additional injections of hydrocortisone into rats with PT weighing more than of the body weight did not cause any appreciable NC in alanine aminotransferase activity in the thymus although in rats with smaller PT it slightly increased the CEA in the thymus furthermore in normal rats increase in alanine aminotransferase activity in the thymus with involution of the PG was observed with a dose of corticosterone close to the physiological range attained in rats with PT in an T3 stage | MEDAL |
the connections of a relatively homogeneous band of SN in the caudal amygdala have been examined with anterograde and VA axonal tracing methods in the rat this region called here the posterior nucleus of the amygdala pa corresponds in part to an area that has been referred to as the corticoamygdaloid transition area posterior part of the medial nucleus of the amygdala amygdalohippocampal transition area and posteromedial basal nucleus experiments with fluorogold and PHA LA phal indicate that the major neuronal input to the pa arises in the VP premammillary nucleus and that substantial projections also arise in olfactoryrelated areas such as the medial nucleus of the amygdala bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract and posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala as well as in the VP subiculum and adjacent parts of HPC field ca other seemingly minor inputs including ACh SF from the SI DA SF from the VTA and serotoninergic fibers from the dorsal nucleus of the raphe were also identified the efferent projections of the pa as determined with the phal method appear to follow five major routes a relatively small group of laterally directed fibers innervates the dorsal endopiriform nucleus and a few of these fibers reach CA tr and the lateral EA another small group of fibers courses medially to innervate the ventral subiculum and adjacent parts of field ca many SF course ventrally to innervate the outer molecular layer of the medial part of the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala a moderate group of SF courses rostrally to innervate primarily the posterodorsal part of the medial nucleus of the amygdala although some fibers continue on to end less densely in rostral parts of the medial nucleus of the amygdala before leaving the amygdala through the ansa peduncularis and the L1 output of the pa courses through the stria terminalis one branch of this pathway massively innervates the principal nucleus of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis before entering the MH where it ends massively in the AVCN periventricular and medial preoptic nuclei ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus and adjacent parts of the basal lateral Thy area and ventral premammillary nucleus the other CB sends SF to the ventral lateral septal nucleus nucleus accumbens OT and infralimbic area of the prefrontal cortexabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
sympathetic function was studied in diabetic children and age and sex matched control children as part of a longitudinal T0 of the evolution of microvascular disease in the population of diabetic children and adolescents in avon county the median range age of the diabetic population was years the duration of diabetes was years and glycated haemoglobin hba was pupillary adaptation in darkness as an index of sympathetic neuropathy was measured using a polaroid portable pupillometer diabetic children had a significantly smaller median pupillary diameter measured as the pupiliris ratio and expressed as a percentage than control children median range v PD was significantly related to diabetes duration r hba r systolic blood pressure r diastolic blood pressure r and mean albumincreatinine ratio on random urine samples r pupillary diameter was not related to age r eight diabetic and four control children were identified as having abnormal pupillary dilation in darkness in comparison with the rest of the diabetic population these diabetic children had longer diabetes duration and poorer glycaemic control polaroid pupillometry has demonstrated subclinical AN in a population of diabetic children and adolescents these CA were related to poor metabolic control long diabetes duration and also to other indices of microvascular disease | MEDAL |
a yearold woman was admitted to our hospital because of pyrexia and fatigue one year earlier she was diagnosed as nephrotic syndromens caused by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and immunosuppressive therapy was started with marked amelioration of PU thereafter her renal CF worsened but only supportive treatment was continued after admission a CSF fluid csf examination revealed cryptococcus neoformans c neoformans by india ink IF and a subsequent csf culture confirmed c neoformans infection accordingly we made the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis and immediately started multiple anti fungal drugs with dosage modification according to her IRF immunosuppressive therapy for ns was temporarily terminated the inflammatory signs and PS soon were markedly improved but the anti cryptococcal antibody titer in the SS and csf remained high IS therapy was started again at a low dosage because urinary protein had increased again one hundred and eight dayslly resected morphologically showed NE differentiation which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis these features required differential diagnosis from possible medullary TC mtc with metastasis to the lung pulmonary NE carcinoma with metastasis to the thyroid and independent mtc and pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma identical mutations of the p gene were detected in both the thyroid and lung PT indicating the same origin for both PT in addition these mutations and a lack of calcitonin expression suggested a pulmonary origin of the tumors metastatic thyroid cancers are well known to cause miliary lesions in the lung while lung cancers can metastasize to various tissues furthermore pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma has been reported as having a tendency of metastasizing to the thyroid head and neck surgeons should be aware that a particular subset of lung cancers may develop a M1 solitary nodule in the thyroid as presented an ERP therapeutic strategy is largely dependent on the differential diagnosis | MEDAL |
human airway smooth muscle asm has several properties and functions that contribute to asthma pathogenesis and increasing attention is being paid to its synthetic capabilities asm can promote the formation of the interstitial extracellular matrix and in this respect asm from asthmatic subjects compared with normal subjects responds differently both qualitatively and quantitatively thus asm cells are important regulating cells that potentially contribute to the known alterations within the EM in asthma in addition through integrindirected signaling extracellular matrix components can alter the proliferative survival and cytoskeletal synthetic function of asm cells asm also functions as a rich source of biologically active chemokines and cytokines that are capable of perpetuating airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by promoting recruitment activation and trafficking of inflammatory cells in the airway milieu emerging evidence shows that airway remodeling may also be a result of the autocrine action of secreted inflammatory mediators including th cytokines growth factors and coxdependent prostanoids finally asm cells contain both betaadrenergic receptors and glucocorticoid receptors and may represent a key target for betaadrenergic receptor agonistcorticosteroid interactions combinations of LA betaagonists and CSs appear to have additive andor synergistic effects in inhibiting inflammatory mediator release and the migration and proliferation of asm cells | MEDAL |
the aim of this controlled parallel design clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an eryag erbiumdopedyttrium aluminum and garnet laser for nonsurgical treatment of periimplantitis lesions twenty patients each of whom displayed at least one implant with a moderate and b advanced periimplantitis n implants imz iti spline twist zlduraplant camlog were randomly instrumented nonsurgically using either an eryag laser mjpulse hz device las or mechanical debridement using plastic curettes and antiseptic therapy with CHX c the following clinical parameters were measured at baseline and months after treatment PI index bleeding on probing bop probing depth gingival recession and clinical att level cal mean bop improved significantly in both CG at and months a lesions p and b lesions p respectively after and months the mean reduction of bop was significantly higher in the las group when compared to the c group a and b lesions p and p respectively at and months both CG revealed significant cal gains at a and b lesions p respectively in both groups however the mean cal at a and b lesions was not significantly different from the respective baseline values at months p respectively although treatment of periimplantitis lesions with las resulted in a significantly higher bop reduction than c its effectiveness seemed to be limited to a period of months particularly at b lesions | MEDAL |
ceramide is a key lipid molecule necessary to regulate some cellular processes including apoptosis and cell differentiation in this context its production has been shown to occur via sphingomyelin hydrolysis or sphingosine acylation here we show that in human fibroblasts BPM ceramide is also produced from ganglioside gm by detachment of sugar units membranebound glycosylhydrolases have a role in this process in fact the production of ceramide from gm has been observed even under experimental conditions able to block endocytosis or lysosomal activity and the overexpression of the BPM ganglioside sialidase neu corresponded to a higher production of ceramide in the plasma membrane the increased activity of neu was paralleled by an increase of gm synthase mrna and gm synthase activity neuoverexpressing fibroblasts were characterized by a reduced proliferation rate and higher basal number of apoptotic cells in comparison with wildtype cells a similar SMB was observed when NF were treated with exogenous cceramide | MEDAL |
although several studies have been conducted regarding the jawjerk reflex and its various modifying parameters the effect of intercuspal clenching still remains poorly understood evidence of both excitatory and inhibitory influences of periodontal receptors on jaw muscle activity has been reported it is also suggested that a level of background activity in the stimulated muscle facilitates the reflex response it was therefore the purpose of this T0 to investigate the effect of simultaneously activated periodontal receptors on the various parameters of the masseteric jawjerk reflex during moderate MM activation electromyographic recordings were obtained from the masseter muscle of the preferred chewing side at rest and at intercuspal clenching in men by use of a computerized recording and CAS in the clenching trials the level of muscular activity was set at of the maximum value obtained through visual FB the results showed that at clenching the occurrence of the reflex was reduced as compared with that obtained at rest moreover when present during clenching its latency and duration were shorter whereas its amplitude was higher it was suggested that the simultaneous activation of periodontal receptors may occasionally inhibit the masseteric MSR excitation | MEDAL |
smallconductance caactivated k sk channels play an important role in regulating the frequency and in shaping UB smooth muscle ubsm action potentials thereby modulating contractility here we investigated a role for the sk member of the sk family sk utilizing mice expressing betagalactosidase betagal under the direction of the sk promoter sk betagal mice to localize sk expression and mice lacking sk mRNA sk mice to assess sk function in sk betagal mice ubsm staining was observed but IF was undetected in the urothelium consistent with this urothelial sk mrna was determined to be of that in ubsm spontaneous phasic contractions in wildtype sk ubsm strips were potentiated of control by the selective sk channel blocker apamin ec nm whereas phasic contractions of sk strips were unaffected nervemediated contractions of sk ubsm strips were also increased by apamin an effect absent in sk strips apamin increased the sensitivity of sk ubsm strips to EFS since pretreatment with apamin decreased the frequency required to reach a maximal contraction VH hz n apamin hz n p in contrast the sensitivity of sk ubsm strips was unaffected by apamin here we provide novel insight into the molecular basis of sk channels in the UB demonstrating that the sk gene is expressed in the bladder and that it is essential for the ability of sk channels to regulate ubsm +dP/dt | MEDAL |
in an effort to determine the value of t-PA tpa in the treatment of embolic stroke rabbits were subjected to a MM of embolic stroke in which hourold tinimpregnated autologous clots were embolized to the bifurcation of the ICA artery at the circle of willis via VA injection into the cannulated ECA highresolution digital subtraction radiography was used to localize clots intracranially at the carotid bifurcation circulation through the ICA i.a. and intracranial vessels was monitored with serial DS angiography before and T3 embolization and during treatment disappearance of the tin marker on the DS radiograph indicated dissolution of clot and was associated with reestablishment of circulation on the digital subtraction angiogram exp animals were treated with humanspecific rt-PA minutes hours or hours T3 clot embolization tpa was administered as an intravenous bolus of mgkg followed by an infusion of mgkgh for hours DSA were performed every minutes all clots dissolved and cerebral circulation was reestablished within minutes of treatment in control animals treated with saline embolized clots were stable and the IC remained occluded at the completion of each T0 the animal was perfused with freshly prepared buffered triphenyltetrazolium chloride ttc for demarcation of CBF infarction control animals demonstrated infarction of of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere with an infarct weight of gabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
the activity of the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis was examined by measuring the C2 of immunoreactive ir corticotropinreleasing hormone crh adrenocorticotropin acth and cortisol f in human plasma during NP and after delivery with or without complications and during normal PP using a TPS ria the level of ircrh in maternal plasma increased progressively during pregnancy increased further at delivery and declined rapidly to the nonpregnant level on the st day postpartum the level of irf in maternal plasma also increased progressively during pregnancy increased further at delivery but decreased slowly postpartum not returning to the nonpregnant level within days significant correlations were found between the level of ircrh and iracth ircrh and irf and iracth and irf in maternal plasma both during pregnancy and T3 delivery it is noteworthy that the concentration of ircrh in the maternal plasma at delivery was higher in multiple pregnancy than in NP and that the level of ircrh in the UC in uncomplicated cases was much lower than that in the maternal plasma and was significantly lower than those in the umbilical cord plasma in cases of asphyxia iugr or premature delivery the level of irf not ircrh and iracth at normal vaginal delivery was significantly higher than that at elective cesarean section on these results we investigated the fetomaternalhypothalamopituitary adrenal axis during pregnancy and delivery in which crh plays an important role | MEDAL |
in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose changes in LVSP were induced using a preparation in which the pressure changes did not distend the aortic arch and in which left atrial and carotid sinus pressures were held constant the SVR circulation was perfused at constant flow and drained from the venae cavae at constant pressure an increase in left VVI systolic pressure caused reflex dilatation of SVR resistance and capacitance vessels as indicated by decreases in arterial perfusion pressure and venous outflow responses were obtained when ventricular systolic pressure changed between and kpa mhg responses to changes in ventricular pressure were reduced when the carotid sinuses were perfused at high pressures these results indicate that changes in pressure in the left ventricle result in reflex changes in V1 resistance and capacitance and that responses are obtained to changes in ventricular pressure over a physiological range | MEDAL |
thrombopoietin tpo is implicated as a primary regulator of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis however the biologic effects of tpo on human AML one aml cells are largely unknown to determine if recombinant human rh tpo has proliferationsupporting and differentiationinducing MICs in aml cells cases of aml cells that were exclusively composed of undifferentiated leukemia cells and showed growth response to rhtpo in a shortterm SC hours were subjected to LT suspension culture with or without rhtpo of cases rhtpo supported proliferation of aml cells for to weeks in cases whose frenchamericanbritish subtypes were m m m and m respectively in addition to the proliferationsupporting activity rhtpo was found to induce aml cells to progress to some degree of MK differentiation at both morphologi IB has been used to study the CF of cloned human htd receptor subtypes stably expressed in chinese hamster ovary cho cells ht stimulated sgtpgammas binding to CM from cells expressing htdalpha or htdbeta receptors in CM containing htdbeta receptors ct and sumatriptan stimulated IB to a similar extent as ht while yohimbine metergoline and ohdpat were partial agonists the order of potency for agonists was ct ht metergoline sumatriptan yohimbine ohdpat the stimulation of binding by ht in CM containing htdbeta receptors was potently antagonised by methiothepin pa the overall pharmacological profile for the human htdbeta receptor defined using sgtpgammas binding agreed well with that reported for inhibition of forskolinstimulated aca in addition methiothepin and ketanserin inhibited basal sgtpgammas IB to CM containing htdalpha or htdbeta receptors suggesting that these compounds show negative efficacy at htd receptor subtypes the data show that sgtpgammas IB is a suitable method for studying the interaction between cloned human htd receptors and gproteins | MEDAL |
to create an inclusive classroom and act accordingly teachers understanding of the experiences of participation of students with autism spectrum conditions ascs is crucial this understanding may depend on the teachers professional experiences support and personal interests the aim of the present questionnaire study was to investigate how well the teachers ratings of their students with ascs perception of participation matched with the students own ratings furthermore possible correlations between the accuracy of teachers ratings and the teachers selfreported professional experience support including supportstaff and personal interest were investigated teachers ratings were also used to examine how their understandings correlated with classroom actions the agreements between teachers and students ratings were moderate to high and the ability to attune to the students perception of participation was not affected by the presence of a supportstaff the teachers personal interest in teaching students wis suggest that activation of brain hta receptors leads to an ampa receptormediated induction of the IE1 activitydependent gene arc arg in this respect noradrenalineglutamate interactions are poorly characterised here we investigated the influence on regional BB arc gene expression of selective blockade of αadrenoceptors in rats several cDNA techniques were used qpcr mrna discrete tissue punches in ISH mrna sections and immunocytochemistry the αadrenoceptor antagonist rx dosedependently and timedependently Emax h increased arc mrna levels as demonstrated both by qpcr and in situ hybridisation the αadrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole also increased arc mrna in in ISH studies changes in arc mrna T3 rx were of similar magnitude in punches and IN tissue sections and regionspecific with effects being most pronounced in parietal SC and Cd putamen less robust in FC cortex and not detectable in hippocampal subregions both qpcr and in ISH studies demonstrated that rx induced arc mrna was blocked by the ampa antagonist gyki pretreatment with the nmda antagonist mk also prevented rx induced arc mrna as did the mglur antagonist mpep whilst the mglur antagonist ly had no effect finally ICC studies showed that rx increased arcimmunoreactivity in cells in close apposition to αadrenoceptorpositive processes thus employing three cDNA techniques these observations demonstrate that blockade of αadrenoceptors triggers brain expression of the immediate early gene arc and that this effect involves the recruitment of ampa nmda and mglur but not mglur glutamatergic receptors | MEDAL |
one of the most important tasks of molecular pharmacology is the deorphanization of the large number of gproteincoupled receptors with unidentified endogenous agonists we recently reported the cloning and analysis of expression of a novel human family c gproteincoupled receptor termed hgprca to identify agonists at this orphan receptor we faced the challenges of achieving surface expression in rat cell lines and establishing an AGA PET CA generating a chimeric receptor construct ha containing the ligand binding aminoterminal domain atd of hgprca with the signal transducing TM and c terminus of the homologous goldfish receptor allowed us to overcome these obstacles homology modeling of the hgprca atd based on the crystal structure of the metabotropic glu receptor AT1 predicted interaction with alphaamino acids and was employed to rationally select potential ligands measurement of cadependent chloride currents in xenopus laevis oocytes facilitated the deorphanization of ha and identification of lalphaamino acids as agonists the most AS agonists were basic lalphaamino acids larg llys and lornithine suggesting that these may function as endogenous signaling molecules measurement of intracellular calcium in tsa cells expressing ha allowed determination of ec values which confirmed the agonist preferences observed in oocytes cloning cell surface expression and deorphanization of the mouse ortholog further reinforces the assignment of the agonist preferences of hgprca this study demonstrates the utility of a chimeric receptor RPA in combination with molecular modeling for elucidating agonist interaction with gprca a novel family c gproteincoupled receptor | MEDAL |
NCR is a commonly used procedure to decrease levels of problem behavior goals of this intervention are to decrease motivation responding and the PET relation between behavior and consequences but it could also possibly compete with performance of alternative desirable responses in the current T0 we assessed the effects of noncontingent reinforcement arranged from to of sessions on performance of alternative responding across exp experiment assessed manding ie requests maintained by attention and tangibles with a child with DD and experiment assessed keypecking maintained by food with six pigeons we D2 previous research by a showing that NCR competes with both the acquisition and maintenance performance of an alternative response b extending the generality of the findings across nonhuman and human participants and c eliminating influence of CS effects through random manipulations of noncontingent value in pigeons overall greater amounts of noncontingent reinforcement competed with both acquisition and maintenance of alternative responding | MEDAL |
the present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of royal jelly rj against toxicity induced by a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide lambdacyhalothrin lct in swiss albino mice animals were randomly divided into six CG of six animals each the control group received DW alone whereas mice in the treatment groups received rj alone or mgkg of body weight lct CT ppm or rjlct for days all mice survived until the end of experiment and were sacrificed at the end of hours blood bone marrow and CL and kidney tissues were analyzed for AST aminotransferase ast alanine aminotransferase alt BUN bun creatinine malondialdehyde mda and reduced glutathione gsh C2 and micronucleus mn frequency chromosomal aberrations cas and pathological damages SS ast alt bun and creatinine C2 were elevated in mice treated with lct CT compared with the other tested groups p lctinduced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in gsh levels and a significant rise in mda C2 of CL and kidney tissues lct alonetreated mice presented higher frequencies p of mns cas and abnormal metaphases compared with the controls moreover the MI index was lower than in controls p oral treatment with rj significantly ameliorated the indices of hepatotoxicity nephrotoxicity lipid peroxidation and genotoxicity induced by lct both doses of rj tested provided significant protection against lctinduced toxicity and its strongest effect was observed at the dose level of mgkg of body weight in vivo results suggest that rj is a potent antioxidant against lctinduced toxicity and its protective effect is dose dependent | MEDAL |
the enantiomeric separations of three neonicotinoid insecticides identified as compounds and were performed on three polysaccharidetype chiral columns that is chiralcel odh chiralpak adh and chiralpak ib by highperformance liquid chromatography hplc and supercritical fluid chromatography sfc effects of the modifier percentage and column temperature on chiral recognitions of CSPs were also studied both and could be resolved on all three columns selected with the highest rs values obtained on chiralpak adh and chiralcel odh respectively however satisfactory separation of the four stereoisomers of was only achieved on chiralcel odh considering the effects of ethanol on the values of k α and rs we concluded that hydrogen bonding ÏÏ andor dipoledipole interactions might be all responsible for the chiral separation in comparison to hplc a shorter run time was achieved for and by sfc however could not be stereoselectively resolved using sfc on the basis of the calculated thermodynamic parameters we found that the separation processes of enantiomers of and were entropy controlled and enthalpy controlled respectively | MEDAL |
this T0 compares the effect of pentafractiondu pont pf Al alb and ringers lactate rl on plasma volume pv expansion and survival in a lethal intestinal ischemic shock MM shock was induced by exteriorizing the small intestines and occluding the mesenteric vessels for min changes in pv were estimated using hematocrit hct the solutions were administered continuously for hr in volumes to maintain a stable hct or ml g body weight bwt for pf and alb and ml g bwt for rl hct and bwt were measured hourly during the infusion and at h untreated animals in shock developed hemoconcentration hct corresponding to a pv of of baseline preshock level with of the animals surviving hr rl expanded pv to of preshock level with a hr survival rate and surviving greater than days only as much alb was needed to induce a greater pv expansion of with a hr survival rate of and surviving greater than days when pf was used pv expanded to of preshock level with survival rates improving to at hr and greater than days compared to rl and alb p less than there were no significant differences in survival rates between rl and alb treated animals we conclude that pf improves survival following intestinal ischemic shock compared to alb and rl pf is a safe and effective alternative to Al for resuscitation in this shock MM | MEDAL |
crosslinked d porous collagenpolysaccharide scaffolds prepared by freezedrying were modified with bovine platelet lysate bpl and evaluated in terms of chemical PCS and biological properties natural antibacterial polysaccharides like chitosan chitinchitosanglucan complex and calcium salt of oxidized cellulose caoc incorporated in collagen scaffolds affected not only chemophysical properties of the composite scaffolds but also improved their biological properties especially when bpl was presented lipophilic bpl formed microspheres in porous scaffolds while reduced by half their swelling ratio the resistance of collagen sponges to hydrolytic degradation in water depended strongly on chemical crosslinking varying from min to more than one year according to invitro tests chemically crosslinked scaffolds exhibited a good cellular response cellmatrix interactions and biocompatibility of the material the combination of collagen with natural polysaccharides confirmed a significant positive synergistic effect on cultivation of cells as determined by mts CA and picogreen method as well as on angiogenesis evaluated by ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane cam CA contrary modification only by blp of pure collagen scaffolds exhibited decreased biocompatibility in comparison to unmodified pure collagen scaffold we propose that the newly developed crosslinked collagen sponges involving bioactive additives could be used as scaffold for growing cells in systems with low mechanical loading in TE especially in dermis replacement where neovascularization is a crucial parameter for successful skin regeneration | MEDAL |
in this T0 based on the calculation of surface properties ideal strengths and responses of electron localization to the deformation it was demonstrated that the fracture toughness of transition metals can be correlated to their electron work function within the range where the electron work CF is smaller than ev the KIC increases with the electron work function however if the electron work CF exceeds ev then the KIC decreases with an increase in electron work function this evidence indicates that electron work function could be a CS parameter for material selection in order to control the KIC | MEDAL |
the adhesion molecule on glia amog has been reported to CF as cell adhesion molecule and also to constitute the beta subunit of the mu nakatpase in order to elucidate these functions in vivo magyar et al have generated mice carrying a targeted deletion of the amog gene these mice exhibit behaviourally normal OD till PN day p at this time they develop muscular weakness incoordination and tremor death invariably occurs hours T3 ON of the PS histological and ultrastructural examination of BB sections show enlarged ventricles BB edema and swelling of astrocyte end feet however no disturbances of the architecture or cell migration in the brain can be detected in order to identify LT consequences of amog deficiency which might not yet be detectable at the time of death we have established a cns grafting MM the embryonal BB anlage ee was grafted into the caudoputamen of wild type mice the graft recipients are sacrificed up to months T3 the procedure both wild type and amog deficient grafts develop and form solid neural tissue with SN myelinated axons glial cells and ventricular structures as shown by histological and immunocytochemical analysis however no differences in grafts derived from wild type heterozygous and amogdeficient donors can be detected proliferation has been examined by brdu immunocytochemistry the bloodbrain barrier as examined by repeated magnetic resonance imaging after injection of gadoliniumdtpa has been shown to be largely reconstituted five weeks after grafting | MEDAL |
the pattern of ICC staining with antibodies to caeruloplasmin myosin myoglobin and creactive protein seen in myocardium taken from deaths with macroscopic evidence of myocardial infarction andor significant PD atherosclerosis and from deaths with neither of these lesions has been correlated with he ptah and hbfp staining of myocardium and circumstances of each death indicative of antemortem hypoxia andor ischaemia loss of IF with these antibodies correlated well with fuchsinorrhagia and both techniques are more CS than he and ptah IF in the PCD of early ischaemichypoxic damage to myocardium however their sensitivity is such that they appear to detect agonal changes and therefore cannot be used for specific diagnosis of early myocardial infarction | MEDAL |
as a result of policy changes and developments on the demand side the importance of technology in PHC will grow fast an approach to the implementation of new technologies in primary health care is presented in this article first we describe the main problems in dutch primary health care the second step is to identify new technologies which are becoming available subsequently the interface between these problems and their possible technological resolution has to be found the fact that a technological innovation appears to be a solution is not sufficient reason for introducing it there are all kinds of reasons why an innovation that has proved useful in the hospital situation for example might be of doubtful use in PHC accordingly the next step is to assess whether a technological solution to a problem in PHC is indeed an improvement to acknowledge the particular situation of primary health care a scheme has been developed that may be used to determine criteria of evaluation | MEDAL |
microdamage in bone contributes to fractures and acts as a CS- for bone CR osteocytes are the most abundant cells in bone and their death by microdamage has been suggested to be the L1 event leading in the initiation of osteoclastic BR even though there is increasing evidence that osteocyte density microcracks and targeted CR are related there still exist several questions for example how osteoclasts are targeted to the specific site of microdamage for repair it has been proposed that AI osteocytes could secrete a TPS signal to target osteoclasts the other question is the nature of this signal to elucidate the role of microdamageinduced osteocyte cell death in the initiation of targeted remodelling this paper discusses the potential use of an in vitro model in which osteocytes can be threedimensionally cultured and locally damaged furthermore the method enables one to T0 the osteocytederived soluble interactions with bone marrow cells it was demonstrated that damaged osteocytes locally affect osteoclast precursors by secreting osteoclastogenic factors and thus can have a role in the initiation of resorption in bone remodelling this strongly supports the idea that damage to osteocyte cellular network has the potential to stimulate osteoclastic proliferation and therefore the activation of basic multicellular units bmus | MEDAL |
tanglepredominant dementia tpd patients exhibit cognitive decline that is clinically similar to early to moderatestage alzheimer disease ad yet autopsy reveals neurofibrillary tangles in the medial temporal lobe composed of the microtubuleassociated protein tau without significant amyloidbeta aβpositive plaques we performed a series of neuropathological PSA and genetic studies using autopsy BB tissue drawn from a cohort of tpd ad and control subjects to identify molecular and genetic signatures of this entity PSA analysis demonstrates a similar tau protein isoform composition in tpd and ad which is compatible with previous histological and ultrastructural studies further PSA analysis fails to uncover elevation of soluble aβ in tpd FC cortex and hippocampus compared to control subjects demonstrating that nonplaqueassociated aβ is not a contributing factor unexpectedly we also observed high levels of secretory amyloid precursor protein α sappα in the frontal cortex of some tpd patients compared to ad and control subjects suggesting differences in app processing finally we tested whether tpd is associated with changes in the tau gene mapt haplotype analysis demonstrates a strong association between tpd and the mapt h haplotype a genomic inversion associated with some tauopathies and parkinson disease pd when compared to agematched control subjects with mild degenerative changes ie successful cerebral aging nextgeneration resequencing of mapt followed by association analysis shows an association between tpd and two polymorphisms in the mapt untranslated region utr these results support the hypothesis that haplotypespecific variation in the mapt utr underlies an aβindependent mechanism for neurodegeneration in tpd | MEDAL |
the placenta constitutes a physical and immunological barrier against invading infectious agents and has been suggested to be a pregnancyspecific component of the innate immune system the aim of this T0 was to investigate the presence and regulation of tolllike receptors and tlr and tlr in the human placenta because these receptors are believed to be important for immune responses against pathogens twentyeight placentas from normal term pregnancies were analysed with immunohistochemistry which showed a strong immunoreactivity for tlr and tlr in the villous and the intermediate trophoblasts the regulation of tlr and tlr by microbial stimulus was assessed by incubating explants of term chorionic villi with zymosan or lipopolysaccharide lps and analysed with realtime RT-PCR stimulation with zymosan and lps readily induced interleukin il and il cytokine production in the placenta cultures whereas tlr and tlr mrna and protein expression remained at the same high level as in unstimulated explants these data suggests a novel mechanism for the fetoplacental unit to interact with microorganisms | MEDAL |
the crystal structure of the acyl enzyme formed upon inhibition of PPE ppe by chloroethoxyguanidinoisocoumarin has been determined at a a ERP resolution the chlorine atom is still present in this acyl enzyme in contrast to the previously reported structure of the aminochloromethoxyisocoumarinppe complex where the chlorine atom has been replaced by an acetoxy group the guanidino group forms hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group and sidechain hydroxyl group of thr and the acyl carbonyl group has been twisted out of the oxyanion hole molecular modeling indicates that the orientation of the initial michaelis enzymeinhibitor complex is quite different from that of the acyl enzyme since simple reconstruction of the isocoumarin ring would result in unfavorable interactions with ser and his molecular models were used to design a series of new alkylureido and alkylthioureidosubstituted derivatives of alkoxyaminochloroisocoumarin as ppe inhibitors all the ethoxyisocoumarins were better inhibitors than those in the methoxy series due to better interactions with the s pocket of ppe the best ureido inhibitor also contained a tertbutylureido group at the position of the isocoumarin due to a predicted interaction with a small hydrophobic pocket on the surface of ppe this isocoumarin and a related phenylthioureido derivative are among the best irreversible inhibitors thus far reported for ppe kobsi m s and m s kinetic studies of the stability of enzymeinhibitor complexes suggest that many isocoumarins are alkylating the AS site histidine at ph via a quinone imine methide intermediate while at ph the predominant pathway appears to be simple formation of a SD acyl enzyme derivative | MEDAL |
cases of pure red cell aplasia with thymoma and myasthenia gravis are rare we described a patient who had concomitant pure red cell aplasia thymoma myasthenia gravis and a normal pressure HC a yearold man with disturbances of gait left blepharoptosis and anemia was presented to our hospital laboratory examination on admission revealed severe anemia bone marrow aspirates showed erythroid hypoplasia of marked degree chest xray and chest ct revealed a RT to the right of cardiac wall the tensilon chloride test and antiacetylcholine receptor antibody were positive a HC was demonstrated with BB ct CSF fluid pressure was in the normal range he was diagnosed as having pure red cell aplasia with thymoma MG and a NPH this appears to be a fairly rare case it seems important to consider that a NPH may have immon in different layers of the ca area an epsp could also be evoked from stimulation of the SF or deep layers of the presubiculum and was attributed to activation of entorhinal SF of passage at high stimulation intensity an antidromic spike was often evoked following stimulation in the presubicular area of ca alveus the evoked epsps were blocked by addition of cyanonitroquinoxalinedione cnqx to the bathing medium in magnesiumfree cnqx bathing solution a longer lasting depolarization was recorded this response was blocked by application of a nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor antagonist ap iontophoretic application of glutamate or quisqualate mm along the somadendritic axis of subicular neurons leads to either a shortlatency depolarization or a burst of action potentials application of mm gaba near the recording site usually produced a hyperpolarization which at times was mixed with a depolarization mixed hyperpolarizingdepolarizing responses were observed when gaba was applied to the basal or apical dendritic Az there were no significant differences in the synaptic properties or responses to drug application between bursting and regular firing neuronsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
chronic myeloproliferative diseases mpds are not associated with consistent cytogenetic or molecular abnormalities demonstration of clonal cell growth by analysis of xchromosome inactivation xci patterns in females provides a promising tool for diagnosis however this technique can be complicated by excessive lyonization of normal cells mimicking clonal cell growth we analyzed xci patterns at the human androgen receptor humara locus in healthy females women with secondary neutrophilia women with reactive thrombocytosis and women with chronic mpds a skewed xci DP with greater than amplification of allele allele ratio was found in of control subjects the incidence of skewing was statistically significantly lower in women younger than years compared with women older than years of patients with a chronic mpd exhibited an S2 ratio greater than whereas only of agematched control subjects showed a skewed xci pattern although statistical DUE of the data showed a significant difference between patients with a chronic mpd and control subjects proof of clonality in individual especially elderly patients is difficult | MEDAL |
hhrep is a web server for the de novo identification of repeats in protein sequences which is based on the pairto be low the rate and AUC of class ii EDC is highly dependent on the performance of the formulated product these drugs can be successfully formulated for p.o. but care needs to be taken with formulation design to ensure consistent bioavailability essentially the options available involve either reduction of particle size of crystalline drug or formulation of the drug in solution as an amorphous system or lipid formulation the performance of amorphous or lipid formulations is dependent on their interaction with the contents of the gastrointestinal tract therefore a formulation exercise should involve the use of techniques which can predict the influence of gut physiology a major consideration is the fate of metastable supersaturated solutions of drug which are formed typically after dispersion of the formulation and its exposure to gastrointestinal digestion a better understanding of the AF which affect drug crystallization is required and the introduction of standardised predictive in vitro tests would be valuable although many bioavailability studies have been performed with poorly watersoluble drugs thus far this research field has lacked a systematic RPA the use of a lipid formulation classification system combined with AGA in vitro tests will help to establish a DB for in vitroin vivo correlation studies | MEDAL |
to develop an hplc method for simultaneous determination of three L1 sesquiterpene lactones in radix linderae | MEDAL |
we examined the genetic morphological and molecular effects of position effect variegation in drosophila and the effects of mutations that either suppress suvar or enhance evar this phenomenon all eight suvar mutations examined strongly suppress the inactivation of variegating alleles of the genes white inl wm brown inr bwvde and stubble t sbv the evar mutation enhances variegation of these loci the chromosomal region ce bands which includes the white locus is usually packaged as heterochromatin in SGs of the variegating CS wm addition of any of the suvar mutations restores a more euchromatic morphology to this region in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes and dna blot analyses of gene copy number demonstrate that the dna of the w gene is less accessible to its probe in the variegating wm CS than it is in the wildtype or variegationsuppressed strains blot analysis of larval salivary gland dna indicates that the white gene copy number does not vary among the strains hence the differences in IB of the w gene probe in the variegating and variegationsuppressed strains reflect differences in chromosomal psi rather than alterations in gene number the effects of variegation and the suvar mutations on chromatin structure were analyzed further by dnase i digestion and dna blot hybridization in contrast to their dramatic effects on chromosomal morphology and gene expression the suvar mutations had nibition a hydrogen bonddonating group was required for an analogue to be a diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor studies of diacylglycerol kinase inactivation by the various analogues were consistent with the previous conclusion that this process involves an interaction of diacylglycerols with an enzyme conformation different from that AS in catalysis walsh j p and bell r m j biol chem studies with a watersoluble diacylglycerol sndibutyrylglycerol allowed direct comparison of diacylglycerol kinase activity in mixed micelles with that in native membranes the results are discussed in relation to the structural requirements of other diacylglyceroldependent enzymes | MEDAL |
a comparative T0 of the AR in cases of acoustic neuromas and otological syndromes with a normal meatography there was complete deafness in of the acoustic neuroma cases and of the false neuromas a deafness less than db was observed in viii nerve and false neuroma cases where the acoustic reflex was studied reflex absent in of viii nerve and of false neuromas decay of reflex in of viii nerve and of false neuromas nonpathological reflex in of viii nerve and of false neuromas hearing was preserved postoperatively in cases out of operations the retrosigmoid and middle fossa routes the acoustic reflex without decay is an PE two times more favourable than a tations was studied with muller embryonic test first two years after the accident an increase of mutation load in arabidopsis populations was observed at all C2 of radioactive contamination in the areas with contamination up to mrh the mutation load decreased to the control level by in the Az with contamination up to mrh the mutation load exceeds the control by times | MEDAL |
antioxidants play crucial roles in scavenging oxidative damages arising from ROS species bond dissociation enthalpy bde of phenolic oh bond has well been accepted as an indicator of antioxidant activity since phenols donate the hydrogen atom to the free radicals thereby neutralizing its toxic effect the bdes from a data set of antioxidant phenols were modeled using computationally inexpensive quantum chemical descriptors with multiple LR mlr partial least squares pls and support vector machine svm the molecular descriptors of the phenols were derived from calculations at the following theoretical levels am hfgd blypgd and blypgd results indicated that when mlr and pls were used as the regression methods blypgd gave the best performance with leaveoneout crossvalidated rho coefficients r of and respectively while the semiempirical am provided slightly lower r of and respectively when svm was used as the regression method no significant difference in the accuracy was observed for models using blypgd and am as indicated by r of and respectively the quantitative structureproperty relationship qspr model of bde discussed in this study offers great potential for the design of novel antioxidant phenols with robust properties | MEDAL |
in summary studies have demonstrated that administration of glucose to normal pregnant females resulted in increased FB movements in the second and third hour of observation if the glucose was given orally or within the first and second hour of observation min following the administration of a g glucose intravenous bolus no relationship was demonstrated between maternal plasma gl concentration and FB rate or the occurrence of fetal hiccoughs furthermore gross fetal BMs were independent of fluctuations in maternal PG concentration although it may be possible that local excess of carbon dioxide produced by increased oxidation of gl might have stimulated the chemosensitive areas in the BB stem and produced increased FB activity the mechanism for the increased fetal breathing following maternal administration of glucose remains to be elucidated it would seem that in any ST studies in which fetal breathing fetal movement and other fetal biophysical parameters are being recorded the exp approach must take into consideration the episodic nature of fetal PLB and gross body movements the prandial state ovariectomy cytosol receptor levels initially followed a cyclic DP with a periodicity of approximately days and a range of range of x mol estrogen receptor micrograms dna nuclear receptor levels showed marked fluctuations initially but stabilized T3 day at approximately x mol micrograms dna microsomal receptor levels also changed with time but at a lower level than the cytosol and nuclear fluctuations concurrent cyclic changes in uterine or vaginal histology were not observed after simultaneous ovariectomy and adrenalectomy cytosol estradiol receptor C2 remained low less than or equal to x mol micrograms dna from days with no fluctuations nuclear and microsomal receptor C2 changed but to a smaller extent than those in ovariectomized mice concurrent histological changes were not observed the residual cytosolic estrogen receptor remaining in the ovariectomizedadrenalectomized mouse uterus was characterized scatchard analysis of saturation binding data showed one class of IB sites with a ka of nm n fmolmg protein this cytosol receptor sedimented at s on low salt sucrose density gradients receptor specificity was assessed by competitive equilibrium binding the rank order of ligands was betaestradiol diethylstilbestrol greater than nafoxidine progesterone and alphadihydrotestosterone showed no appreciable CBA T3 the injection of estradiol microgramskg of the total available estrogen receptor translocated to the nuclear compartment this translocated receptor could stimulate uterine hypertrophy and PH as assessed in and day bioassays and was able to initiate progesterone receptor synthesis from these results we conclude that the adrenal can modulate uterine estrogen receptor C2 | MEDAL |
maternal and IM are basic health indicators that reflect a nations health status in the united states infant mortality has declined steadily however this is not true for maternal mortality this report presents data from death certificates compiled by cdcs national center for health statistics which indicate that in the united states the annual maternal mortality ratio remained approximately maternal deaths per live births during | MEDAL |
renal transplants performed in children at the medizinische hochschule hannover between and are evaluated for the occurrence of acute RE patients received CAD donor grafts cad and living donor grafts ld IS was carried out with prednisone and azathioprine patients were treated additionally with antilymphocyte AHG alg a total of AR episodes occurred of them within the first week of transplantation and the latest years Tx the most important signs of acute rejection were a rise in SS creatinine concentration a decrease in urine SO and fever patients with living donor grafts and fullhouse matched kidneys had fewer reversible and irreversible AAR episodes than did patients with grafts from CAD donors and with grafts with mismatches the value of alg treatment is doubtful only out of patients who received alg treatment experienced no RE compared to out of patients who did not have alg treatment rejection episodespatient occurred in patients who had cadaver grafts and had received alg compared to episodespatient in similar patients who had not received alg irreversible rejection episodes occurred in out of algtreated and in out of nonalgtreated recipients of cadaver grafts | MEDAL |
in a phase iii trial patients ⥠years with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia received decitabine mgm intravenously for days every weeks or a treatment choice supportive care or Ara-C mgm subcutaneously for days every weeks | MEDAL |
the majority of women have spontaneous vaginal births but some women need assistance in the second stage with delivery of the baby using either the obstetric forceps or vacuum extraction rates of instrumental vaginal delivery range from to of all births in industrialised countries the majority of instrumental vaginal deliveries are conducted in the delivery room but in a small proportion to a trial of instrumental vaginal delivery is conducted in theatre with preparations made for proceeding to caesarean section | MEDAL |
LT measurement of cardiovascular variables by telemetry in laboratory animals has become indispensable in recent years however limited battery life and management of large volumes of recorded data are L1 drawbacks these limitations can often be overcome by intermittent sampling of data the question is how much data does one need to collect to accurately reflect the underlying average value to investigate this h continuous recordings of rb HR rate arterial pressure and integrated renal sympathetic nerve activity rsna were resampled using a variety of protocols that differed with respect to the number of individual sampling periods used and the total amount of time that was sampled the absolute percentage errors of estimates of the daily mean standard deviation and IQ range were calculated for each sampling protocol a similar analysis was repeated using arterial pressure data from rats the results show that the number of sampling periods spread throughout the day had more effect than the total amount of data recorded for example just h of total sampling time spread over evenly spaced min periods gave estimates of the daily mean of blood pressure and HR rate with error and rsna with error we show that accurate estimates of the daily mean of arterial pressure HR rate and rsna can all be made using scheduled recording and we recommend recording a minimum of hday spread over a number of periods throughout the day | MEDAL |
abnormal SB motility has been described in patients with LC but the mechanisms involved are unknown the aim was to investigate a possible relationship between the severity of liver failure and the intensity of small intestinal CA motility was studied during fasting by means of perfused catheters and external transducers on cirrhotics with different etiologies were at C-P stage a T2 and stage c both abnormalities of mmc and increased clustered activity were recorded absence of cycling activity was most frequently observed in childpugh stage c patients compared to childpugh stage a cirrhotics a significant increase in clustered contractions from hr in stage a patients to in stage c was recorded the frequency and amplitude of contractions was also increased from C-P stage a to stage c our findings might be related to a delayed transit time observed in these patients and a higher prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in cirrhotics with more advanced MLD | MEDAL |
this report describes a yearold girl withtonia with marked diurnal fluctuation hpd we cloned the human gtp cyclohydrolase i gch gene and mapped the gene to chromosome qq within the hpddrd locus which had been identified by NPL gch isthe ratelimiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin bh the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase th which is the first and ratelimiting enzyme of da synthesis we proved that the gch gene is the causative gene for hpddrd based on the identification of mutations of the gene in the patients and decreases in the enzyme activity expressed in mononuclear blood cells to of the normal value about different mutations missense nonsense and frameshift mutations in the coding region or in the exonintron junctions of the gch gene have been reported in patients with addrd all over the world recent findings indicate that the decreased gch activity in addrd may be caused by the negative interaction of the mutated S1 with the wildtype one ie a dominant negative effect andor by decreases in the levels of gch mrna and protein caused by inactivation of one allele of the gch gene autosomal recessive drd ardrd with segawas syndrome was discovered in germany the ardrd locus was mapped to chromosome p in the chromosomal site of the th gene in the ardrd with segawas syndrome a point mutation in th glnlys resulted in a pronounced decrease in th activity to about of that of the wild type several missense mutations in the th gene have been found in ardrd in europe the phenotype of ardrd with the leupro mutation in the th gene which produces a severe decrease in th activity to of that of the wild type was severe not dystoniasegawas syndrome but earlyonset PD however a marked improvement of all clinical PS with a low dose of ldopa was reported in ardrdparkinsonism patients these findings on drd indicate that the nigrostriatal da neurons may be most susceptible to the decreases in gch activity bh level th activity and da level and that drd is the da deficiency without neuronal death in contrast to JP or FPD with da cell death | MEDAL |
lysosomal betahexosaminidase occurs as two major isozymes hexosaminidase a and b the alpha S1 is encoded by the hexa gene and the subunit by hexb gene defects in the beta S1 lead to sandhoff disease patients with the defect lack the activity or formation of both hexosaminidase a and b the disorders are classified according to the age of onset as infantile juvenile and AD form recent molecular genetic analysis has revealed a kb deletion kb alu type deletion and compound heterozygous with other mutations in the juvenile or AD type of the disease point mutation of the hexb gene creating a new splice acceptor site the correlation of the clinical phenotype and the gene CA is discussed | MEDAL |
the corticotropin releasing factor crfimmunoreactive paraventriculoinfundibular neuronal system of LT adrenalectomized and adrenalectomizedshort term dexamethasone treated rats was analyzed at the ultrastructural level using the preembedding peroxidase antiperoxidase complex papimmunohistological method in both groups of animals parvocellular neurons located in the medial and dorsal subnuclei of the PVH nucleus pvn showed crflike immunoreactivity the perikarya contained hypertrophied RER rer with dilated cisternae active golgicomplexes and numerous NSG the majority of the NS granules measured nm dendrites of crfimmunoreactive neurons contained labeled vesicles secretory granules bundles of microtubules a welldeveloped SER ser complex and free ribosomes unlabeled terminal boutons of axons were observed to synapse on dendrites and somata of crfneurons in addition crf perikarya were found in direct somatosomatic apposition with both crfimmunopositive and immunonegative parvocellular cells retraction of glial processes and the existence of puncta adherentia between the cell CM characterized these appositions varicose crf axons within the ME contained hypertrophied ser labeled vesicles and neurosecretory granules the preterminal portions of the crfaxons were dilated and possessed many labeled nm diameter LG crfterminals were greatly enlarged and established direct neurohemal contacts with the external limiting BL of portal vessels without the interposition of tanycytic ependymal footprocesses these tanycytes were not crf immunopositive crf positive terminals contained clusters of microvesicles labeled small vesicles and multivesicular HB but fewer granular elements than were observed within the the preterminals many of the labeled organelles were attached to tubules of ser occasionally crfaxons were observed within the pericapillary space adjacent to portal vessels the ultrastructural features of crfneurons obtained from adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized plus ST dexamethasone treated rats did not differ significantly from each other the hormone content of the entire crfneuron was greater in the steroid treated group ACTH hormone acth synthesizing cells in the PD of adrenalectomizeddexamethasone treated rats also showed increased numbers of immunopositive secretory granules nm in diameterabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
this paper reports research conducted to determine whether the lateral lisp is a speech defect the specific purpose of this research was to determine whether the lateral lisp calls adverse attention to the speaker two groups of broadcast communication students rates the concept the person speaking on a scale semantic differential one group performed the task T3 listening to a tape recording of a young woman reading contextual material with a simulated lateral lisp the other group performed the task after listening to a recording of the same woman reading the material in a normal manner analyses of the scale values computed for the two conditions indicated that the lateral lisp called adverse attention to the speaker a systematic replication was undertaken to assess the generality of this finding the procedures of the original investigation were followed except that business administration students served as judges the results replicated those of the original investigation these data indicate that the lateral lisp is probably a speech defect and suggest that the practice of eliminating school speech services for children whose only speech difference is a lateral lisp should be reconsidered | MEDAL |
CAA caa a condition affecting the elderly in a way similar to that of alzheimers disease results from amyloid deposition within small and medium arteries of the CBF leptomeninges and CBF cortex next to atheromatosis amyloidosis is the second most frequent cause of CBF haemorrhage especially recurrent the most recent publications suggest that amyloidosis may also cause transient ischaemic attacks tia CBF infarcts binswangers type leukoencephalopathy symptoms resembling these of cerebral pseudotumour and other dysfunctions a definite diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be determined by autopsy and sometimes intravital cerebral biopsy is performed a clinical diagnosis of probable caa is based on the presence of multiple SF haemorrhages in the elderly people without hypertension no caa treatment methods are known yet however to prevent haemorrhages in caa it is important that anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs should be avoided in the treatment of cerebral and other ischaemic disorders because of an increased risk for haemorrhage | MEDAL |
OD of antibiotic resistance in the microbiota of farm animals and spread of antibioticresistant bacteria in the agricultural sector not only threaten veterinary use of antibiotics but jeopardize human health care as well the effects of SE to antibiotics on spread and development of antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli from the chicken gut were studied groups of pullets each were exposed under strictly controlled conditions to a day course of amoxicillin OTC or enrofloxacin added to the drinking water either at full therapeutic dose of that or at the carryover level of during treatment and for days afterwards the minimal inhibitory concentration mic for the applied antibiotics of e coli strains isolated from cloacal swabs was measured the full therapeutic dose yielded the highest percentage of resistant strains during and immediately T3 exposure T3 days without antibiotics only strains from chickens that were given amoxicillin were significantly more often resistant than the UT control strains isolated from pullets exposed to carryover concentrations were only for a few days more often resistant than those from the control these results suggest that if chickens must be treated with antibiotics a short intensive therapy is preferable even ST exposure to carryover levels of antibiotics can be a risk for public health as also under those circumstances some selection for resistance takes place | MEDAL |
nitrobenzene is a synthetic compound widely used in industry which can lead to environmental pollution while the toxicity and carcinogenicity of NB on humans and animals have been studied less is known about its genotoxicity to plants in this study the genotoxic effects of nitrobenzene were investigated with growing soybean seedlings in solution SC compared with the control the growth of soybean seedlings taproot length longest lateral root length and lateral roots number decreased and showed statistics difference at NB test concentration of and mgl micronucleus chromosomal bridge and others chromosomal aberrations were observed in soybean root tip cells exposed to nitrobenzene frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased linearly with NB test concentration between and mgl and decreased at mgl which showed significant difference between control and mgl or higher test concentration results of the present T0 suggest that NB has genotoxicity on soybean root tip cells the mechanism of genotoxicity of nb needs further study it is concluded that high environmental levels of nitrobenzene in rivers lakes and dam waters are hazardous to aquatic species and to irrigated plants | MEDAL |
cell mediated immune response cmir was studies in patients having chronic CL diseases patients were divided into groups each early hepatosplenic schistosomiasis ehss late HSS lhss hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with hepatitis b andor c infections hepatitis b virus cases hbv HC virus cases hcv HCC carcinoma cases hcc twenty within normal subjects taken as controls laboratory investigations revealed significant esinophilia in patients of group haemoglobin level was significantly reduced in patients of group SS albumin was significantly reduced in group the percentage of positivity of skin testing using purified protein derivative ranged between of patients with lhss hbv hcc and hss with hbv andor hcv of patients with hcv and of patients with ehss percentage of positivity in control group was the mean diameter of delayed intradermal reaction mms was significantly lower in patients than controls the response of lymphocyte transformation test to phytohaemmagglutinin was significantly lower in patients when compared to controls the association of hbv andor hcv with hepatosplenomegaly was accompanied with a marked depression in cell mediated immune response anaemia hypoalbuminemia and NS of the patients with chronic liver diseases play a major role in the suppression of cell mediated immune response | MEDAL |
alimentary deficiency of vitamin k caused a decrease in the rate of QO2 in presence of adp and in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of succinate administration of the antivitamin k pelentane excess of vikasol and deficiency of vitamin d did not affect these parameters as distinct from controls and rats treated with pelentane transport of calcium was decreased in presence of all the substrates studied in mitochondria isolated from CL tissue of animals deprived of vitamins k and d as well as of animals treated with vikasol excess at the same time accumulation of calcium led to timedependent inhibition of respiratory chain if naddependent substrates were used possible reasons of dissimilarity observed are discussed the phenomenon found may occur due to exhaustion of the mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides pool the data obtained suggest that antivitamins k altered only some parameters of body status prothrombin time similarly to the alterations observed in alimentary deficiency of vitamin k | MEDAL |
cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome chs a variant of cyclic vomiting syndrome is an enigmatic and challenging clinical disorder as cannabis legalization use and potency has increased worldwide over the past decade so has the prevalence of chs these patients often require acute care and inpatient treatment for refractory emesis electrolyte derangement dehydration ARF and injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract routinelyprescribed antiemetics are frequently associated with treatment failure in chs necessitating use of sedating agents such as benzodiazepines and antipsychotics hydrotherapy with hot water provides ST symptomatic relief from acute episodes of chs the reasons for this may be from chronic andor excessive cannabis use leading to abnormal stimulation of the HPA hpa and sympathetic nervous system sns in chs patients overuse of cannabis may also lead to dysfunction of the endocannabinoid system which is essential for allostasis of the autonomic NS after AS | MEDAL |
the etiopathogenesis of alzheimer´s disease is characterized by beta amyloid aβ toxic fragment aggregation and its association with impaired autophagy in mitochondria chronic damage due to transport and enzymatic processes together with the production of reactive oxygen species ros are followed by the subsequent accumulation subtropical and tropical regions but published data reflecting large scale surveys are very limited in europe the seroprevalence of babesia caballi and theileria equi was determined in a donkey population from campania region in southern italy using a commercial indirect FAT ifat and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the infection were assessed of samples the overall seroprevalence for ep was with for b caballi and for t equi coinfection was detected in donkeys the CSD of ifat antibody titres to b caballi was n n n while the CSD of ifat antibody titres to t equi was n n n n n all examined donkeys were asymptomatic except one AD male with a titre of against t equi that showed clinical signs corresponding to the acute stage of ep reported for the first time in italy the unique risk factor associated with a higher b caballi seroprevalence was the presence of horses in the farms while risk factors associated with a higher t equi seroprevalence were poor body condition presence of ruminants in the farms and milk production the results indicate a high level of exposure in donkeys living in southern italy and suggest that donkeys may be an important reservoir of ep | MEDAL |
initiation activities of endogenously formed nnitrosobishydroxypropylamine nbhpa nnitrosodiethanolamine ndela and nnitrosodimethylmorpholine ndmm were investigated in a modified shortterm assay for rat hepatocarcinogenesis male wistar rats were fed bishydroxypropylamine diethanolamine or dimethylmorpholine in the diet plus sodium nitrite in the drinking water two weeks T3 starting the experimental regimen they underwent partial hepatectomy and were then maintained on the respective diets for a further week following a week REC period on basal diet rats were subjected to a RH regimen consisting of acetylaminofluorene in the diet for weeks and mg carbon tetrachloridekg body wt by gavage at the Tm initiation activity was assayed by measuring hepatic foci positive for gammaglutamyltranspeptidase numbers of such foci per cm were significantly increased in the groups given the AA amines together with nitrite compared with values for groups given each F0 or nitrite CT further the numbers of lesions were essentially similar to those found in rats given carcinogenic doses of nbhpa ndela and ndmm the results clearly of demonstrate hepatocyte initiation activities of endogenously formed carcinogens presumably nbhpa ndela and ndmm | MEDAL |
the purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of a week prescribed sports specific balance training programme on the incidence of lateral ankle sprains in basketball players a controlled CT was set up in total subjects of six teams participated and were assigned to either an intervention ig or a control group cg the ig performed a prescribed balance training programme on top of their normal training routine using balance semiglobes the programme consisted of basketball skills each session and its difficulty was progressively thoughtout the MI lasted weeks and was performed times a week for to minutes tau of the MI on the incidence of lateral ankle sprains was determined by calculating relative risks rr including their confidence intervals or ci and incidence rates expressed per h rr ci showed a significantly lower incidence of lateral ankle sprains in the ig compared to the cg for the total sample rr ci and in men rr ci the difference in rr was not confirmed when examining the incidence rates and their cis which overlapped the risk for new or recurrent ankle sprains was slightly lower in the ig new rr ci reinjury rr ci based on these pilot results the use of balance training is recommended as a routine during basketball MICs for the prevention of ankle sprains key pointswe could not establish a true preventive effect of the training most likely due to the low sample sizealthough not significant C1 differences in incidence rates were found between the MI and control group and relative risks showed a significant differenceour results were in L1 with previous results and therefore proprioceptive balance training should become a part of the training routineconcerning this study and the literature proprioceptive balance training should last minutes and should be performed to times a week | MEDAL |
a one year old boy was found to have a large tumor encompassing the pineal region and extending towards the third and lateral ventricles and quadrigeminal plate the tumor was composed mostly of small undifferentiated cells some small cells were arranged in flexnerwintersteiner rosettes and a few displayed fleurettes the RT contained immature cartilage and skeletal muscle and numerous clusters of pigmented epitheliallike cells which histologically resembled those found in melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy retinal anlage tumors and retinal or ciliary epithelium immunologic stains demonstrated NFs synaptophysin and retinal santigen in some of the small cells and TTR in some of the epitheliallike cells the findings indicate that certain primary pineal parenchymal PT have features in common with tumors of the ocular medullary epithelium | MEDAL |
an improved method is proposed for the determination of Si magnesium oxide ro ferric oxide calcium oxide and aluminium oxide in highpurity talc in the method for Si and magnesium oxide the sample is fused with sodium carbonate and the cooled melt is dissolved with PCA in such a manner that it floats free from the crucible in previous schemes for the analysis of talc there are frequently mechanical losses due to the difficulty of removing the magnesium silicate melt from the crucible the solution is then evaporated to fumes of PCA and the Si is filtered off and ignited the magnesium oxide is determined in the filtrate by precipitation as MAP and a correction is made for the calcium which is precipitated along with the magnesium ammonium phosphate ro is determined after treatment of the sample with nitric and hydrofluoric acids and evaporation to fumes of PCA iron oxide and calcium oxide are determined by atomic absorption after treatment with nitric and HF acids and evaporation to fumes of perchloric acid alo is calculated by difference | MEDAL |
in MV and anesthetized rabbits we investigated whether the magnitude of respiratory changes in the aortic velocity time integral vtiao recorded by TTE tte during a stepwise blood withdrawal and restitution could be used as a reliable indicator of volume depletion and responsiveness at each step left and RA VVI dimensions and the aortic diameter and vtiao were recorded to calculate stroke volume sv and cardiac output co respiratory changes of vtiao maximal minimal values divided by their respective means were calculated the amount of blood withdrawal correlated negatively with left and RA VVI diastolic diameters vtiao sv and co and correlated directly with respiratory changes of vtiao respiratory vtiao variations but not other parameters at the last blood withdrawal step was also correlated with changes in sv after blood restitution r p in conclusion respiratory variations in vtiao using tte appear to be a sensitive index of blood volume SD and restitution this dynamic parameter predicted fluid responsiveness more reliably than static markers of cardiac preload | MEDAL |
igg and igm anticardiolipin antibodies were assayed by an elisa technique in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease atd and compared with patients with thyroid disease of no autoimmune aetiology nonatd and HCs igg anticardiolipin antibodies were detectable in of patients with GD in of patients with hashimotos thyroiditis in of nonatd patients and in of normal subjects differences not significant igm antibodies were measurable in patients with GD in patient with hashimotos thyroiditis in nonatd patient and inly to prevent fetal dehydration and after surgery no osmotic diuretics were used ritodrine hydrochloride which prevented premature delivery was continuously infused after surgery her neurological symptom was improved and her baby was delivered vaginally at st gestational week | MEDAL |
in the period from january to december out of patients with pleural empyema were treated T3 failure of CT with antibiotic drugs pleural puncture and tube drainage twentytwo patients were submitted to a posterolateral thoracotomy with debridement in the early stage or decortication in the later stage of empyema thoracis there was no relapse of empyema in this group but patients suffered from air leakage for to days mean days one patient needed rethoracotomy after debridement for continuous bleeding nine patients were treated in a first step with limited thoracotomy in LA with or without costotomy there were relapses of empyema in this group the average time of hospitalization was for the debrided cases days and for the decortication group days the conservatively treated group remained during days in the hospital | MEDAL |
when WGA-HRP was injected into the caudal part of the medial lateral VP and peduncular PN in the rat retrogradely labeled spinal SN were found contralaterally in the intermediate basilar nucleus ibn in the upper two cervical cord segments and in laminae vi and vii in the lumbar cord segments the ibn appeared to send SF mainly to the caudomedial part of the PN while laminae vi and vii of the lumbar cord segments of the caudolateral part of the pontine nuclei | MEDAL |
fifteen members of a family had congenital colobomas of the optic SN all of which were BL the bolobomas appeared as enlargement of the physiologic cup with severely affected eyes having huge cavities in the site of the disc a variable amount of glial tissue was present within the colobomas either macular or extramacular serous detachment or sequelae were present in of the affected eyes and often led to total blindness radioisotope cisternography in one patient failed to implicate cerebrospinal fluid as the source of the subretinal fluid the disorder is apparently inherited as an autosomal dominant | MEDAL |
ultrasound contrast microbubbles have been successfully targeted to a number of intravascular disease markers we hypothesized that targeted delivery could be improved further by making the microbubbles deformable leading to increased microbubbleendothelium adhesion contact area and stabilized adhesion activated WBCs utilize such strategy they deform after binding to inflamed EC in the vasculature lipidshell microbubbles were targeted to the endothelial inflammatory protein pselectin with a monoclonal antipselectin antibody attached to the microbubble shell deformable microbubbles were created by controlled pressurization with partial gas loss which generated an average excess shell surface area of approximately and the formation of outwardprojected wrinkles and folds targeted microbubble adhesion and deformability were assessed in the parallel plate flow chamber under shear flow sustained adhesion of deformable microbubbles at wall shear stresses between and dyncm was consistently better than adhesion of wrinklefree microbubbles over this shear range targeted wrinkled microbubbles were deformed by shear flow unlike wrinklefree microbubbles in a mu cremaster inflammation model a significant improvement of deformable microbubble targeting was observed by IVM overall the mechanical aspects of adhesion such as particle shape deformability and surface microstructure are important in engineering efficient sitetargeted particlebased agents for medical imaging and therapy | MEDAL |
passive lung inflation in humans causes reflex expiratory prolongation that is abolished by vagal blockade we have studied two aspects of this classic breuerhering reflex in humans the effect of pulmonary denervation from bilateral lung transplantation and the effect of alveolar hypocapnia lung inflations were performed in six normal subjects and four lung transplant patients during triazolaminduced sleep using a negative pressure body box lung inflation with isocapnic gas in normal subjects resulted in expiratory prolongation lasting up to s and occurring at a volume threshold of to of IC to l expiratory prolongation increased in a graded fashion as volume of lung inflation increased inhibition of inspiration at any given inflation volume was prolonged by inflations with air as compared with inflations with isocapnic gas in lung transplant patients lung inflations of up to l caused no prolongation of expiration we conclude that BLT abolished expression of the reflex in humans and that in normal IN humans the duration of expiratory prolongation with lung inflation is prolonged by AM hypocapnia | MEDAL |
hemorrhage with immediate saline infusion causes the appearance in the peripheral blood of a slightly increased number of normoblasts provided normoblasts are already present in the blood stream marrow PH does not intensify this reaction and the cells found probably do not leave the marrow pulp but are in the blood stream at the time of the experiment the slight increase in cells occurring immediately after hemorrhage and infusion is designated a pseudocrisis true crises are much more extensive they tend to occur just before rapid increase in the erythrocyte count and usually towards the end of the st week following hemorrhage red cells and WG cells tend to move from the marrow together but this association is not invariable T3 repeated hemorrhages regeneration occurs independently of the appearance of nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood repeated hemorrhages associated with extension of erythrocyteproducing marrow lead to polycythemia but not to a conspicuous increase in speed of regeneration | MEDAL |
the hospital records of patients under years of age with insulindependent diabetes mellitus iddm who were followed in the endocrinology unit of hacettepe university childrens hospital between the years and were analyzed for age sex residence at time of diagnosis date of ON of symptoms date of diagnosis family history of iddm and consanguinity between parents the distribution of age at diagnosis showed a small peak between and years of age and a main peak between and years in girls the main peak appeared between and years and in boys between and a significant difference was not seen between sexes males and females the frequency of diagnosis showed seasonal variations the lowest in autumn and the highest in winter consanguinity between parents was percent and percent of the patients had iddm in first degree relatives | MEDAL |
hereditary ataxias hereditary spastic paraplegia and charcotmarietooth syndrome ha are chronic progressive neurological diseases epidemiologic studies of these disorders are few in a geographically welldefined danish population we present incidence rates cumulated incidence rates and prevalence for patients with ha based on modern continuoustime survival analysis techniques from these prevalence has been estimated to be per in the to yearold population combined risk of ha was found to be for women and for men up to their st birthday | MEDAL |
aortic valve stenosis is the most common type of valve lesion in europe and north america patient treatment is based on disease severity which is classified by determining the aortic valve area ava | MEDAL |
structural evaluation of the fetal HR is well established PET evaluation using pulsedwave doppler may also be performed ea ratios express the relationship between the maximal E/A of the e and a waveforms of VVI filling in normal fetuses ea ratios are usually but show a constant increment during gestation mainly related to the increment of the e wave in intrauterine growth restriction iugr fetuses ea ratios are lower compared to values in normally grown fetuses at the same gestational age cardiac outflows provide information on the timevelocity integral that combined with the vessel area allows calculation of the left and RA cardiac outputs in normal fetuses there is a predominance of the RA ventricle in contributing to the combined cardiac SO in iugr fetuses this predominance shifts to the LV in order to increase the flow to the upper part of the fetal body and brain the myocardial performance index mpi also provides information on systolic and diastolic cardiac CF the mpi is an early and consistent marker of cardiac dysfunction which becomes altered in early stages of CH or in cases with cardiac overload such as in twintotwin transfusion syndrome | MEDAL |
maximum entropy ecological niche modelling was utilised to predict the geographic range for fluke genotypes and haplotypes in southeastern europe using the maxent program the lowest and the highest area under the curve values were observed in the models for the haplotypes ctcmt and ctcmt respectively precipitation and temperature contribute equally to MM building of the genotypes based on the s rdna gene in regard to the mtdna gene region precipitation is the most important factor in modelling the ctcmt haplotype range while temperature appears to be the most important factor in modelling the ctcmt and ctcmt haplotype ranges the highest level of probability for the geographic CSD of fasciola hepatica genotypes and haplotypes covered the regions of southern bulgaria and central and RNA greece which contain a high concentration of potential ruminant hosts | MEDAL |
we have measured the responses of cells in the cats lateral geniculate body and the VC to edges which were blurred to various degrees cosinusoidal blur for the same cells also the responses were determined to sinusoidal gratings of various fundamental frequency and to slits of various blur and width all stimuli were moved across the receptive fields at various speeds the responses of most cells increased with increasing edge sharpness but usually reached a maximum at a blur corresponding to a high frequency cutoff at cdeg the responses to the sharpest edges were usually smaller than those to a blurred edge up to in individual cells and in the average after normalization the responses predicted from the spatial frequency tuning curves and the fourier transform of the edge stimuli corresponded well to the measured blur functions up to the maximum of the edge response which varied considerably between cells however at edge sharpness beyond that maximum the predicted curves rose up to edge sharpness with VHF cutoff times above that which produced the exp neuronal response maximum on the other hand responses could increase with edge sharpening in spatial frequency regions in which no or only small responses were seen with sinusoidal gratings eg at lower spatial frequencies in band pass neurons geniculate x and cortical simple cells as well as those geniculate ycells which showed phase locked grating responses behaved similarly in all respects we concluded that edge sharpness is not represented by response amplitude of individual SN but by the spatial distribution of excitatory peaks across the representation of the retinotopic cortical map our findings further indicate that spatial models of receptive fields assuming linear signal summation have only a limited value for predicting edge sharpness | MEDAL |
in addition to HG and ensuing metabolic changes vascular abnormalities and ischemia driven by HG and metabolic NC plays a paramount role for the development of diabetic polyneuropathy EC dysfunction plays a key role in the initiation of cellular events evolving into the OD of V1 complications of diabetes and is the common denominator between the metabolic and vascular abnormalities detected in diabetes diminished production and function of endotheliumderived vasodilators and the exaggerated production of vasoconstrictors lead to endothelial dysfunction resulting in elevated vascular tone culminating in macro and microvascular damage there is microvascular pathology in human diabetic polyneuropathy basement membrane thickening pericyte degeneration and EC SCH in endoneurial microvessels these vascular changes strongly correlate with clinical defects and nerve pathology studies in human and animal models have shown endoneurial hypoxia caused by a reduction in NBF and increased endoneurial vascular resistance there is strong evidence that the nerve fiber degeneration and a loss of nerve SF are ischemic in diabetic polyneuropathy diabetic nerves reveal a paradoxical contrast between their physiological resistance to ischemia and increased morphological susceptibility to ischemia diabetic nerves are particularly vulnerable to RI this chapter will review the response of diabetic SN to ischemia and RI and the evidence of ischemia and hypoxia in diabetic neuropathies | MEDAL |
to examine the influence of activitydependent cues on differentiation of primary afferent neurons we investigated the short and longterm effects of depolarization and calcium influx on expression of transmitter traits in sensory ganglion cell cultures we focused on expression of tyrosine hydroxylase th a marker for dopaminergic SN in developing PG pg NG and DRG neurons grown in the presence or absence of ON concentrations of kcl SE to mm kcl increased the proportion of thimmunoreactive neurons in all three ganglia in a developmentally regulated manner that corresponded to the temporal DP of DA expression in vivo pg SN for example were most responsive to elevated kcl on embryonic day e the age at which the DA phenotype is first detectable in vivo however kcl was relatively ineffective at increasing th expression in neonatal pg indicating a critical period for induction of this phenotype by depolarization detailed analysis of th induction in pg SN demonstrated that although ntype calcium channels carried the majority of the high voltageactivated calcium current only ltype calcium channel blockade inhibited the effect of elevated kcl further studies revealed that after removal of high kcl neurons remained sensitized to subsequent stimulation for week specifically cultures exposed to kcl beginning on e the conditioning stimulus then returned to control medium and subsequently reexposed to elevated kcl after d the test stimulus contained fourfold more thpositive neurons than did cultures exposed to the test stimulus CT moreover blockade of ltype calcium channels during the conditioning CS- CR abolished longterm potentiation of the th response to elevated kcl these findings demonstrate a novel role for ltype calcium channels in activitydependent STDP of transmitter expression in sensory SN and indicate that SE to depolarizing stimuli during early development may alter neuronal response properties at later ages | MEDAL |
the arthritis selfefficacy scale ases is a valid tool to measure patients arthritisspecific selfefficacy however evidence about reliability and validity of the ases in chinese arthritis patients is lacking this study aimed to culturally adapt and test the psychometric properties of the chinese version of the ases chinese ases was translated from original english version using translation and backtranslation procedures validation survey was then conducted in a universityaffiliated hospital by a set of questionnaires comprised chinese ases painvas the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads PET assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue facitf and SF-36 health survey sf physical functioning subscale a convenience sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was recruited from the department of rheumatology validity was assessed by pearsons rho analysis and exploratory FA reliability was assessed using the ICC coefficient icc and cronbachs alpha exploratory factor analysis extracted one dimension that explained of the variation significant negative correlations were found between the ases and painvas hadsd hadsa scores r to p while positive correlations were found between the ases and sf ph r p facitf r p excellent testretest reliability icc and internal consistency cronbachs alpha were demonstrated the chinese version of the ases had statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for assessing SE in patients with RA ICA this diseasespecific scale is particularly valuable for use among patients with rheumatoid ICA from the chinese population | MEDAL |
fortytwo patients with known SD PD disease referred for coronary angiography were examined with technetiummhexakismethoxymethylpropylisonitrile mibi tomography combined with a highdose dipyridamole infusion mgkg and HG AS mibi tomography was unable to show PD disease only in patients thus yielding a sensitivity figure of mibi tomography correctly identified of stenotic lesions greater than or equal to diameter stenosis of the LADA of of those of the left circumflex i.a. and of of those of the RA coronary i.a. the overall vessel sensitivity was the computed LD stenoses were more advanced in cases detected than in those ND with mibi tomography vs p less than the to stenoses did not show any tendency to produce less positive findings than those with greater than or equal to stenoses in the subgroup of patients who also presented for thallium scintigraphy the overall diseased vessel ID rate was for thallium tomography and for mibi tomography p not significant minor noncardiac SE related to the dipyridamolehandgrip test occurred only in of T0 sessions a highdose dipyridamole combined with IE is a safe stress method and when used during scintigraphy mibi tomography is at least as efficient a tool as thallium tomography in detecting diseased vessel territories in patients in PD disease | MEDAL |
continuous improvement is an attractive idea but it is typically more myth than reality sck is no myth it delivers dramatic improvements in traditional measures quickly sck accomplishes this via kaizens rapid repeated timecompressed changes for the better in bitesized chunks of the business | MEDAL |
rainbow pink dianthus chinensis a potential phytoextraction plant can accumulate high concentrations of cd from metalcontaminated soils the soils used in this study were artificially added with different metals including ck original soil cdtreated soil mg cd kg zntreated soil mg zn kg pbtreated soil mg pb kg cdzntreated soil mg cd kg and mg zn kg cdpbtreated soil mg cd kg and mg pb kg znpbtreated soil mg zn kg and mg pb kg and cdznpbtreated soil mg cd kg mg zn kg and mg pb kg three concentrations of naedta solutions control and mmol kg soil were added to the different metalstreated soils to T0 the influence of applied edta on single and combined metalscontaminated soils phytoextraction using rainbow pink the results showed that the cd zn pb fe or mn concentrations in different metalstreated soil solutions significantly increased after applying mmol edta kg p the metal concentrations in different metalstreated soils extracted by deionized water also significantly increased after applying mmol edta kg p because of the high SE capacity of both m dtpa ph and m edta ph applying edta did not significantly increase the cd zn or pb concentration in both extracts for most of the treatments applying edta solutions can significantly increase the cd and pb concentrations in the shoots of rainbow pink p however this was not statistically significant for zn because of the low zn concentration added into the contaminated soils the results from this T0 indicate that applying mmol edta kg can significantly increase the cd zn or pb concentrations both in the soil solution or extracted using DW in single or combined metalscontaminated soils thus increasing the accumulated metals concentrations in rainbow pink shoots the proposed method worked especially well for pb p the application of mmol edta kg might too low to enhance the phytoextraction effect when used in silty clay soils | MEDAL |
recent studies have generated conflicting data regarding the bioaccumulation and toxicity of leachates from preservativetreated wood due to the scale of the wood preserving industry timber treated with the most common preservative chromated copper arsenate cca may form a significant source of metals in the aquatic environment the existing literature on leaching of cca is reviewed and the numerous factors affecting leaching rates including ph salinity treatment and leaching test protocols are discussed it is concluded from the literature that insufficient data exists regarding these effects to allow accurate quantification of leaching rates and also highlights the need for standardised leaching protocols | MEDAL |
streptomyces aureofaciens growth in chemically defined medium is actively associated with the secretion of lowmolecuchronic pancreatitis ip and idiopathic disseminated bronchiectasis dbe classified as cftrrelated disorders the pcrola assay is designed to detect known mutations including the most common cf mutations worldwide as identified by the cf consortium in order to define the cftr TT a series of individuals from centralsouthern italy with and without cf manifestations were screened by using the pcrola assay here we report the description of five cases of anomalous electropherograms obtained after pcrola analysis that led to the identification in the homozygous state of two point mutations dh and sn not included in the assay test panel a C1 gene deletion cftrdelbb and an exonic polymorphism ca g haplotype and real time pcr analysis were also performed in the subject carrying the large cftr deletion the study demonstrates that the pcrola CA besides being an efficient and userfriendly method to screen known mutations in the cftr gene may also function as a mutationpolymorphismscanning CA at least for certain nucleotide changes located in some critical regions of the gene | MEDAL |
the spectrum of infectious disease is changing rapidly in conjunction with dramatic societal and environmental changes worldwide explosive population growth with expanding poverty and urban migration is occurring international travel and commerce are increasing and technology is rapidly changingall of which affect the risk of SE to infectious agents recent examples of important emerging infectious diseases include prolonged diarrheal illness due to waterborne cryptosporidium hemorrhagic colitis and renal failure from foodborne escherichia EHEC pneumonia and middleear infections caused by drugresistant pneumococci and rodentborne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome these diseases as well as resurgent diseases eg tuberculosis and cholera illustrate human vulnerability to microorganisms in the environment three recent reports by the institute of medicine document the need to address emerging infectious disease threats in partnership with representatives from health departments other federal agencies medical and public health professional associations and international organizations cdc has developed a strategic plan to address emerging infectious disease threats the plain contains four goals that emphasize surveillance applied research prevention and control and public health infrastructure to ensure sustainability plan implementation will be approached in stages as a longterm endeavor with emphasis on extramural programs as healthcare reform proceeds priority should be given to strengthening partnerships between healthcare providers microbiologists and public health professionals to detect and control emerging infectious diseases | MEDAL |
the px receptor mainly expressed by immune cells is a ionotropic receptor activated by high concentration of extracellular atp it is involved in several processes relevant to immunomodulation and inflammation among these processes the production of extracellular interleukinbeta ilbeta a proinflammatory cytokine plays a major role in the activation of the cytokine network we have investigated the role of px receptor and of an associated calciumactivated potassium conductance bk channels in ilbeta maturation and releasing processes by schwann cells lipopolysaccharideprimed SCs synthesized C1 amounts of proilbeta but did not release detectable amounts of pro or mature ilbeta atp on its own had no effect on the synthesis of proilbeta but a cotreatment with lipopolysaccharide and atp led to the maturation and the PR of ilbeta by schwann cells both mechanisms were blocked by oxidized atp ilbetaconverting enzyme ice the caspase responsible for the maturation of proilbeta in ilbeta was G1 by px receptor stimulation the specific inhibition of ice by the ICE inhibitor actyrvalalaaspaldehyde blocked the maturation of ilbeta in searching for a link between the px receptor and the activation of ice we found that enhancing potassium efflux from schwann cells upregulated the production of ilbeta while strongly reducing potassium efflux led to opposite effects blocking bk channels actually modulated ilbeta release taken together these results show that px receptor stimulation and associated bk channels through the activation of ice leads to the maturation and the release of ilbeta by immunechallenged schwann cells | MEDAL |
the regulation of cortisol synthesis and the expression of genes coding for steroidogenic proteins by substituted camp and substituted adenine derivatives were studied in bovine adrenal ZF azf cells at concentrations of μm chlorophenylthiocamp cptcamp but not the poorly hydrolyzable spcptcamp stimulated large increases in cortisol synthesis and cyp mrna expression of the three epac exchange protein activated by campspecific camp analogs cptomecamp but not hptomecamp or meoptomecamp induced mrnas for cyp and cypa steroid hydroxylases and stimulated cortisol synthesis substituted adenine derivatives μm including ptadenine meoptadenine and cptadenine stimulated similar large concentrationdependent and reversible increases in cortisol synthesis and steroid hydroxylase gene expression whereas bradenine was ineffective the phenylthioadenine derivatives produced additive effects on cortisol synthesis when applied to azf cells in combination with brcamp in contrast no additivity was observed for these three EDC when used in combination with acth ptadenine did not activate pka or inhibit dna synthesis by azf cells ptadeninestimulated cortisol secretion and cyp steroid hydroxylase mrna expression were potently inhibited by diphenylbutylpiperidine ttype ca antagonists in azf cells ptadenine and meoptadenine induced the expression of both cacnah mrna and associated cav ca current these results indicate that chloro but not OH or methoxyphenylthiocamp analogs are converted to an AS metabolite cptadenine that induces the expression of genes coding for steroidogenic proteins in bovine azf cells other ptadenine analogs also potently stimulate cortisol synthesis through the same unidentified signaling pathway that requires the expression of functional cav ICa these phenylthioadenine EDC and acth may stimulate cortisol synthesis through the same campindependent mechanism | MEDAL |
microalgae offer great potential for the industrial production of numerous EDC but most of the currently available processes fail on economic aspects due to the lack of appropriate microcultivation systems especially screening and early stage laboratory process characterization limit throughput in process development consequently a demand for high throughput photobioreactors has recently been identified upon which some prototype systems emerged however compared to microbial microbioreactors the systems so far introduced suffer from at least one of several drawbacks that is inhomogeneous conditions poor mixing or excessive evaporation in this context a microtiter SP based microphotobioreactor was developed enabling fold parallelized cultivation strict control of the process conditions enabled a high comparability between the distinct wells of one plate ± fluctuation in biomass formation the small scale resulting in a beneficial surface to volume ratio as well as the fast mixing due to rigorous orbital shaking ensured an excellent light supply of the cultures moreover noninvasive online biomass quantification was implemented via a scattered CS analyzer that is capable of biomass measurements during continuous illumination of the cultures the system was shown to be especially qualified for parallelized laboratory screening applications like for instance media optimization easy automation via integration into a liquid handling platform is given by design thereby the presented microphotobioreactor system significantly contributes to improving the time efficiency during the development of phototrophic bioprocesses biotechnol bioeng © wiley periodicals inc | MEDAL |
previous studies have shown that both high density lipoproteins hdl isolated from human plasma and reconstituted hdl rhdl are ERP inhibitors of adhesion molecule expression in HECs in this T0 rhdl have been used to investigate whether hdl particle shape size apolipoprotein composition or lipid composition are important determinants of the ability of hdl to inhibit the tnfalpha induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule vcam in human umbilical vein EC cells huvecs on the basis of these studies it is possible to draw several firm conclusions i neither phospholipidcontaining vesicles nor lipidfree apolipoprotein apo ai inhibit vcam expression in huvecs ii simple discoidal complexes containing only phospholipid and apoai discoidal airhdl are sufficient to inhibit the tnfalphainduced expression of vcam in huvecs iii spherical apoaicontaining rhdl spherical airhdl are superior to discoidal airhdl as inhibitors iv the particle size of spherical airhdl has no influence on the inhibition v spherical rhdl that contain apoai are superior as inhibitors of vcam to those containing apoaii when the rhdl preparations are equated for apolipoprotein molarity however when compared at equivalent particle molarities this difference is no longer apparent vi replacement of CEs with triglyceride in the core of spherical airhdl has no effect on the ability of these particles to inhibit vcam expression from these results it is tempting to speculate that variations in inhibitory activity may contribute to the variations observed in the antiatherogenicity of different hdl subpopulationsbaker p w ka rye j r gamble m a vadas and p j barter ability of reconstituted high density lipoproteins to inhibit cytokineinduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule in HUVE cells | MEDAL |
oxidative stress response in an anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus horikoshii ot was analyzed by twodimensional gel electrophoresis when p horikoshii was grown on medium supplemented with air a marked increase in the level of a kda protein was observed in comparison with cells grown under anaerobic conditions the nterminal CAA sequence of the protein was determined to be vvigekfpevevktthgviklpdyf which coincides with that of the putative alkyl hydroperoxide reductase that has been predicted in the genome database of p horikoshii the gene ph encoding the protein was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli the produced enzyme was a hyperthermostable peroxiredoxin whose activity was not lost T3 incubation at degrees c for min the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide using dithiothreitol as an electron donor northern blot analysis revealed that the transcription of the gene increased by the addition of exogenous oxygen and by the addition of an oxidative stressinducing reagent and reached maximum within min these results suggest that the peroxiredoxin plays an important role in the peroxidescavenging system in an anaerobic archaeon p horikoshii | MEDAL |
traditionally RH has formed the mainstay of treatment for early stage cervical carcinoma more recently radical trachelectomy and laparoscopic lymphadenectomy have been introduced to allow preservation of fertility we present a new approach to fertilitysparing surgery namely ABD radical trachelectomy the technique is similar to a standard RH and lymphadenectomy in our technique the ovarian vessels are not ligated and following LA and skeletonisation of the uterine arteries the cervix parametrium and vaginal cuff are excised the residuum of the cervix is then sutured to the vagina and the uterine ateries reanastomosed | MEDAL |
homeobox genes encode transcription AF ubiquitously involved in basic developmental processes deregulation of which promotes cell transformation in multiple cancers including hematopoietic HM in particular nklfamily homeobox genes tlx tlx and nkx are ectopically G1 by chromosomal rearrangements in tcell neoplasias here using transcriptional microarray profiling and rqpcr we identified ectopic expression of nklfamily member nkx in a diffuse large bcell lymphoma dlbcl cell L1 sudhl moreover in silico analysis demonstrated nkx overexpression in of examined dlbcl patient samples nkx is physiologically expressed in lung and thyroid tissues where it regulates differentiation chromosomal and genomic analyses excluded rearrangements at the nkx locus in sudhl implying alternative activation comparative expression profiling implicated several candidate genes in nkx regulation variously encoding transcription factors chromatin modifiers and signaling components accordingly sirnamediated knockdown and overexpression studies confirmed involvement of transcription factor hey histone methyltransferase mll and ubiquitinated histone hb in nkx deregulation chromosomal aberrations targeting mll at q and the histone gene cluster hist at p which we observed in sudhl may therefore represent fundamental mutations mediating an aberrant chromatin structure at nkx taken together we identified ectopic expression of nkx in dlbcl cells representing the central player in an oncogenic regulative network compromising bcell differentiation thus our data extend the paradigm of nkl homeobox gene deregulation in lymphoid HM | MEDAL |
experiments in cats with the constant blood volume perfusion of the small intestine vessels revealed constrictor responses of arterial venous and lymphatic vessels to electrical stimulation of sympathetic SN the responses being most obvious at the and hz frequency of stimulation activation of sympathetic nerves augmented the pre and postcapillary resistance of the vessels the resistance being the greatest at and hz stretching ability of venous vessels decreased the capillary hydrostatic pressure increased its shift being maximal at hz the capillary filtration coefficient increased the increment being maximal at hz the CL production and outflow enhanced the MA of the intestine was suppressed analysis of the conjugated shifts in macro and microhemodynamic parameters as well as in lymph flow revealed a transcapillary transition of intravascular fluid into the extravascular space due to the increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure followed with a resorption into the roots of the intestine lymphatic system | MEDAL |
the objectives of this T0 were to document the high rates of acute injuries and PCS assaults among nurses and certified nursing assistants working in LT psychiatric care facilities and to identify risk AF for assaults and injuries to inform prevention strategies a mixeddesign cohort study was conducted acute injury and physical assault data were obtained from administrative records using staff rosters and schedule records incidence rates were calculated by job title gender shift and floor rates were also reported by severity body part type and nature targeted interviews with staff members provided measures of PCS lifting and resident combativeness injury rates were calculated by degree of lifting and assault rates were calculated by degree of resident combativeness overall rates of injuries per personyears and assaults per personyears were substantially higher than expected predictably injuries were associated with resident lifting and assaults were associated with contact with combative residents a higher risk of assault was found among women and higher risks of injury and assault were observed among fulltime employees compared to per diem or pool agency workers in addition weekend shifts were found to have a higher rate of injuries and a lower rate of assaults than weekday shifts in similar LT care facilities with psychiatric populations efforts should be made to reduce lifting and avoid circumstances that agitate residents work organization factors should be taken into consideration when developing interventions | MEDAL |
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