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the recently identified gene nphs with its mutations causing congenital nephrotic syndrome of the finnish type cnf is highly promising in providing new understanding of pathophysiology of PU earlier we cloned a rat nphs homologue as well as characterized and raised antibodies to the respective protein product nephrin | MEDAL |
we examined the effects of novel tachykinin antagonists fr n alphan alphan alphaacetyllthreonylnformyldtryptophyln methylnphenylmethyllphenylalaninamide and fk nnnnndidehydronmethylnnphenthylpheny l propionyllthreonyltyrosyllleucynyldphenylalanyllallo threonyllasparaginyllserine nulactone on rat tracheal PE induced by cigarette smoke intravenous i.t. of fk mg kg inhibited rat tracheal PE induced by CS and capsaicin fr mg kg iv also significantly inhibited cigarette smokeinduced plasma extravasation whereas dchlorpheniramine maleate fpl atropine sulfate and indomethacin had no effect tracheal PE induced by substance p sp and neurokinin a nka but not histamine was also reduced by intravenous administration of fr and fk these findings suggest that CS stimulates primary afferent sensory nerves releases TKs and evokes plasma extravasation in rat trachea | MEDAL |
the fwave was used to estimate the fastest motor nerve conduction velocity mncv along the PT segment spinal cord to knee of the axons of the tibial nerve in control subjects patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and patients with CMT disease terminal latencies and mncv along the distal segment knee to ankle of the nerve were also estimated with the conventional mresponse technique this article describes another method for estimating sensory nerve theta sncv along a fibers of the tibial nerve for the spinal cordtoknee segment PT and distal mncv showed moderate slowing in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and severe slowing in those with CMT disease in control subjects proximal mncv for the axons supplying the AH muscle was compared to that estimated for the axons to the GM mncv for the PT is faster than that for the distal small muscle in patients m and fresponses were not obtained from the AH in these patients effective estimation of the proximal mncv was made from the GM and showed marked reduction | MEDAL |
to establish the necessary elements of a program of DUE and treatment of premenstrual syndrome the medical and psychologic characteristics of consecutive women presenting because of premenstrual symptoms were determined and compared with those of a similar group of women without PMS control group women with PMS exhibited a significantly greater frequency of previously undetected medical psychologic and marital problems than did controls these findings demonstrate the need for a multidisciplinary comprehensive program of DUE and treatment of the medical psychologic and mental health of women who present because of moderatetosevere premenstrual PS | MEDAL |
as meat is a rich source of the omega HFA docosapentaenoic acid dpa and australians consume six times more meat than fish investigation of the potential health benefit of dpa is warranted the aims were to compare the effects of seal oil supplementation with FO on measures of plasma lipids and blood pressure in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects fortyeight volunteers were recruited from the wollongong community and were randomly allocated to one of three groups either receiving gday of longchain omega PUFA fatty acids lc n pufa using one of three oils seal oil capsules mg EPA epa mg dpa mg dha fish two novel techniques which successfully address several L1 problems in the field of particle swarm optimization pso and promise a significant breakthrough over complex multimodal optimization problems at high dimensions the first one which is the socalled multidimensional md pso reforms the native structure of swarm particles in such a way that they can make interdimensional passes with a dedicated dimensional pso process therefore in an md search space where the optimum dimension is unknown swarm particles can seek both positional and dimensional optima this eventually removes the necessity of setting a fixed dimension a priori which is a common drawback for the family of swarm optimizers nevertheless md pso is still susceptible to premature convergences due to lack of divergence among many pso variants in the literature none yields a robust solution particularly over multimodal complex problems at high dimensions to address this problem we propose the fractional global best formation fgbf technique which basically collects all the best dimensional components and fractionally creates an artificial global best agb particle that has the potential to be a better guide than the psos native gbest particle this way the potential diversity that is present among the dimensions of swarm particles can be efficiently used within the agb particle we investigated both individual and mutual applications of the proposed techniques over the following two wellknown domains nonlinear CF minimization and data clustering an extensive set of experiments shows that in both application domains md pso with fgbf exhibits an impressive speed gain and converges to the global optima at the true dimension regardless of the search space dimension swarm size and the complexity of the problem | MEDAL |
sensory FB as well as the coupling signals within the cns are essential for leeches to produce intersegmental phase relationships in body movements AGA for swimming behavior to T0 the interactions between the CE DP generator cpg and permyself are the following how do you interpret the CSF fluid white blood RCC and PCR reaction results when the lumbar puncture has been traumatic does the older adult with a serum sample that tests positive by the venereal disease research laboratory test need spinal fluid analysis for neurosyphilis and which of those syphilis tests can become nonreactive even though the patient is never treated do you give steroids to patients with bacterial meningitis what do you do for the patient with CM who develops a spastic gait are all cases of transverse myelitis idiopathic and when does the patient who has had a stroke need spinal fluid analysis to rule out an infectious etiology this is how we answer these questions | MEDAL |
prolactinsecreting pituitary adenomas were selectively removed through a transsphenoidal RPA from women basal SS prl levels measured one to six months T3 surgery were normal in patients and decreased appreciably but not to normal in the remaining patients dynamics of prl secretion were studied at three to four months in patients who had normal basal prl level two different patterns of response to provocative stimuli were noted in these patients in one group GI n patients had greater than rise in serum prl following trh or perphenazine pz administration however when analyzed as a group the mean sem incremental responses delta prl to trh and pz in these patients ngml were significantly less p less than and p less than than those of normal women ngml respectively nineteen of these patients were restudied to months T3 surgery the responses to provocative stimulation at that time were improved and similar to normal women in contrast in the second group n of patients group ii the responses to stimulation with the same agents were blunted or absent and remained so during subsequent studies recurrence of the hyperprolactinemia was noted in of the patients in group ii and in only two of patients in GI the daily SS prl levels in the immediate postoperative period were higher in patients from group ii than those from GI we conclude that transsphenoidal surgery is an optimal form of therapy for patients with prlsecreting adenomasabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a reverseflow island flap from the hypothenar eminence of the hand was applied in patients to treat palmar skin defects amputation injuries or flexion contractures of the little finger there were three female and eight male patients and their ages at the time of surgery averaged years a x to x cm fasciocutaneous flap from the ulnar aspect of the hypothenar eminence which was located over the abductor digiti minimi muscle was designed and transferred in a VA fashion to cover the skin and softtissue defects of the little finger the flap was based on the ulnar palmar digital artery of the little finger and in three patients was sensated by the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve or by branches of the ulnar palmar digital nerve of the little finger followup periods averaged months the postoperative course was uneventful for all patients and all of the flaps survived without complications the donor site was closed primarily in all cases and no patient complained of significant donorsite problems satisfactory sensory reinnervation was achieved in patients who underwent sensory flap transfer as indicated by mm of moving twopoint discrimination a reverse island flap from the hypothenar eminence is easily elevated contains durable fasciocutaneous structures and has a good color and texture match to the finger pulp this flap is a good alternative for reconstruction of palmar skin and softtissue defects of the little finger | MEDAL |
the cowpea vigna unguiculata line arlington inoculated with cowpea PMV cpmv showed no symptoms and no infectivity or accumulation of capsid antigen was detected at several days after inoculation coinoculation but not sequential inoculation of cpmv with similar concentrations of another comovirus cowpea severe mosaic virus cpsmv resulted in reduced numbers of cpsmvinduced lesions this apparent cpmvmediated reduction in number of cpsmvinduced infection centers was termed concurrent protection we report results obtained by inoculating two nearly isogenic cowpea lines derived from a cpmvsusceptible cowpea crossed to arlington one line cpmvsusceptible and the other resistant the cpmv virions b and m encapsidating genomic rnas and respectively were extensively purified by gradient centrifugation in the cpmvresistant cowpea either cpmv or cpmv b affected concurrent protection against cpsmv and against two distinct noncomoviruses cherry leafroll virus and southern bean PMV adding cpmv m to the inoculum did not enhance cpmvbmediated protection cpmv b was ineffective in protecting cpmvsusceptible cowpea we postulate that cpmvmediated concurrent protection is elicited in cpmvresistant cowpea by a cpmv rnaencoded factor and acts to reduce accumulation or spread of cpmv and certain coinoculated challenging viruses in or from the inoculated cell coinoculated cpmv did not protect cpmvresistant cowpea against tomato bushy stunt virus or cucumber mosaic virus | MEDAL |
this paper demonstrates a new approach to postsurgical and posttraumatic wound management in the lower limbs our own results of BK amputations are documented a less detailed report is then given of experience with an additional amputees this second group includes experience not only here at seattle but at five other centers in the united states the same method for wound management and for control of edema was employed in all cases the method controlled environment treatment cet uses filtered air as a dressing medium with a control console to maintain the pressure constant or varying according to a preset program temperature and humidity are also controllable as is gas composition the limb together with its controlled environment is contained with a pliable transparent treatment bag which permits inspection and palpation of the wound site without disturbing the bacteriologically sterile air within the chamber a special seal reduces air leakage yet avoids constriction of the limb this cet system was originally developed by the department of health and social security biomechanical research and OD unit roehampton england subsequent developments are also noted of an improved mark ii cet unit and of simpler related management systems for conditions not requiring sterile environments | MEDAL |
the naturally occurring oncolytic virus ov reovirus replicates in CA cells causing direct cytotoxicity and can activate innate and adaptive immune responses to facilitate tumour clearance reovirus is safe well tolerated and currently in clinical testing for the treatment of multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasonecarfilzomib activation of NK killer nk cells has been observed T3 systemic delivery of reovirus to cancer patients however the ability of ov to potentiate nk cellmediated antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity adcc is unexplored this study elucidates the potential of oncolytic reovirus for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cll both as a direct cytotoxic agent and as an immunomodulator we demonstrate that reovirus i is directly cytotoxic against cll which requires replicationcompetent virus ii phenotypically and functionally activates patient nk cells via a monocytederived interferonα ifnαdependent mechanism and iii enhances adccmediated killich is suggestive of cryptic sexual traits in ht we further identify and classify putative chitinases that may function as VFs in fungal entomopathogens due to their role in degradation of arthropod cuticle | MEDAL |
this audit was carried out to develop the criteria recommended in various guidelines to establish if a punch biopsy of the cervix is adequate and to determine if these are met in sufficient proportions of patients a total of patients who had C2 punch biopsies followed by large loop excision of the transformation zone lletz specimens were audited and the percentage of punch biopsies that met criteria for adequacy cited in the criteria or developed from them was established most of the biopsies met the criteria for adequacy the exception being the presence of an intact squamocolumnar junction scj which was present in the highest grade of squamous IEL lesion sil on punch biopsy and lletz were most likely to differ if the scj was traumatised or not represented or if the original biopsy were negative or showed ungradable sil these results suggest that most of these cervical biopsies originated in the optimal anatomical site on the cervix but were being damaged in an excessive number of cases and that this affected the reliability of the punch biopsy to predict the highest grade of sil on lletz | MEDAL |
in a crosssectional T0 of more than of french dialysis patients n we evaluated the relationships between predialysis plasma bicarbonate concentration and nutritional markers data including age gender cause of endstage renal disease esrd time on dialysis body mass index bmi blood levels of midweek predialysis albumin prealbumin and bicarbonate were collected normalized protein catabolic rate npcr dialysis adequacy parameters and estimation of lean body mass lbm were computed from pre and postbicarbonatedialysis urea and creatinine C2 according to the CP formulas of garred average values sd were age years bmi kgm dialysis time hweek hco mmoll Al gl Pr mgl ktv npcr gkg bwday and lbm of ideal lbm a highly significant negative correlation was observed between predialysis bicarbonate levels within a range of mmoll of this population and npcr confirmed by analysis of variance using bicarbonate classes p bicarbonate was also negatively correlated with albumin prealbumin bmi and lbm no relationship was noted between bicarbonate and ktv despite a positive rho between ktv and npcr it is likely that a persistent acidosis observed despite standard BD was caused by a high dietary protein intake which results in an increased acid load but also overcomes the usual catabolic effects of acidosis | MEDAL |
varying the ionic strength and environmental composition differently affected the thermostability of certain protein blocks in the erythrocyte membrane as the salt concentration in the solution enhanced the RD of the system of intra and intermolecular noncovalent bonds occurred which induced changes in the membrane proteins structure resulting in an increase in the thermostability of both the integral and cytoplasmic band domains and its associated band the thermostability of the skeleton junction proteins actin and decreased the thermostability of the spectrin changed insignificantly the interaction of mg and cu but not ca ions with the membrane resulted in dynamic quenching the tryptophan fluorescence of the membrane proteins unchanging their thermostability ca ions induced the aggregation of ghosts with increasing the temperature | MEDAL |
despite the critical need no previous research has substantiated safe opioid analgesics without abuse liability in primates recent advances in medicinal chemistry have led to the OD of ligands with mixed mu opioid peptide mopnociceptinorphanin fq peptide nop IL-1ra activity to achieve this objective bu is a novel orvinol analog that displays a similar binding profile to buprenorphine with improved affinity and efficacy at nop receptors the aim of this preclinical T0 was to establish the functional profile of bu in monkeys using clinically used mop receptor agonists for sidebyside comparisons in various wellhoned behavioral and physiological assays SVR bu mgkg produced potent longlasting ie h antinociceptive and antiallodynic effects which were blocked by mop or nop IL-1ra more importantly the reinforcing strength of bu was significantly lower than that of cocaine remifentanil or buprenorphine in monkeys responding under a progressiveratio schedule of drug selfadministration unlike mop receptor agonists bu at antinociceptive doses and â¼ to fold higher doses did not cause respiratory depression or cardiovascular AEs as measured by telemetry devices after repeated administration the monkeys developed acute physical dependence on morphine as manifested by precipitated withdrawal signs such as increased respiratory rate heart rate and blood pressure in contrast monkeys did not show physical dependence on bu these in vivo findings in primates not only document the tau and tolerability profile of bifunctional mopnop receptor agonists but also provide a means of translating such ligands into therapies as safe and potentially abusefree opioid analgesics | MEDAL |
the spontaneous memory symptoms of braindamaged patients suffering from a variety of conditions were elicited the most frequent types of symptom related to SM for peoples names memory for recent events occurring a few days or weeks ago SM for a spoken message and remembering to do something the spontaneous PS from nonbraindamaged patients were also elicited there was a considerable degree of overlap between the type and incidence of symptoms in braindamaged and control patients some symptoms eg remembering peoples names were reported by a similar proportion of control as braindamaged patients a few PS eg spatial disorientation temporal disorientation were reported by braindamaged patients but not by any CP one symptom remembering to do something occurred more frequently in the control group of patients than in the braindamaged group the relationship between memory PS and SM performance was examined in a group of headinjured patients a short questionnaire on memory PS was completed by each patient and by a close observer and the headinjured subjects also performed tests of immediate and delayed recall although there was a highly significant rho between degree of SM impairment as perceived by the patient and ainhibited by m acetazolamide cct from nhcltreated rabbits demonstrated significant bicarbonate reabsorption when perfused at slow rates cct harvested from animals given a nahco load for h prior to death secreted bicarbonate these studies confirm earlier observations of the ability of the cct to reabsorb or secrete bicarbonate in addition they demonstrate significant axial heterogeneity in acidification in the collecting duct system and identify the outer medullary collecting tubule from inner stripe of outer medulla as a segment of L1 capacity | MEDAL |
cushings disease developed in a yearold girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia months after her last therapeutic exposure to adrenal glucocorticosteroids obesity hyperpigmentation striae osteoporosis and hirsutism were accompanied by elevated C2 of plasma cortisol these showed no diurnal fluctuation and they were not suppressed by dexamethasone at autopsy the adrenal PG were enlarged and the PIT gland showed increased numbers of basophils of the ACTH acthmelanocytestimulating hormone secreting type leukemic infiltrates in brain tissue were prominent in the hypothalamus and in the limbic system it is postulated that the destructive leukemic infiltrate of the limbic system removed a restraining influence on pituitary function with basophilic hyperplasia acth hypersecretion adrenocortical hypertrophy and clinical cushings disease the consequences | MEDAL |
bosentan is a dual endothelin et receptor antagonist that has affinity for et receptors a and b in the eu oral bosentan tracleer is indicated to improve exercise capacity and symptoms in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension pah of who FC iii benefits have also been seen in patients with who FC ii pah bosentan is available as filmcoated tablets and a new dispersible formulation of bosentan has also recently been approved in the eu for the treatment of pah in children aged or years a noncomparative multicenter phase iii trial future which was primarily designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of dispersible bosentan in pediatric patients demonstrated that increasing the dosage of bosentan from to mgkg twice daily was unlikely to result in increased exposure to bosentan exploratory measures of efficacy in future demonstrated that target dosages of twicedaily dispersible bosentan mgkg in patients weighing kg or mg in patients weighing or kg for weeks were beneficial in pediatric patients aged or to years with who FC ii or iii pah filmcoated bosentan or mg in pediatric patients weighing or kg respectively twice daily for weeks significantly p improved the majority of hemodynamic measures evaluated as an exploratory measure in pediatric patients aged years with who PET class ii or iii pah in another noncomparative multicenter pharmacokinetic trial breathe however there was no significant NC in peak oxygen consumption or mean 6MWD in those patients capable ie children aged or years of performing the minute walk test bosentan was generally well tolerated in PCTs of pediatric patients with pah with most adverse events being mild or moderate in severity and resolving with continued treatment | MEDAL |
nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy is a recently recognized scleromyxedemalike fibrosing skin condition that occurs in individuals with acute or chronic renal failure although the early descriptions of this disorder describe a purely cutaneous disease process recent autopsy reports have identified apparent multiorgan fibrosis with involvement of skeletal muscle myocardium lungs kidneys and testes we describe a yearold man with nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and significant fibrosis of the atrial myocardium and dura mater which was identified at autopsy dural fibrosis is a previously undescribed systemic manifestation of NFD the literature is reviewed | MEDAL |
EC cells ecs are a critical component of the bone marrow stroma in the regulation of haemopoiesis recovery of bone marrow aplasia T3 radiation SE depends in part on the repair of radiationinduced endothelial damage therefore we assessed the ability of an irradiated human bone marrow ec line trhbmec to support transmigration proliferation and differentiation of cd bone marrow cells either irradiated or not in transendothelial migration or coculture models radiationinduced ec damage was reflected by an increased release of soluble ICAM-1 sicam and platelet EC cell adhesion molecule pecam irradiation of trhbmecs with a gy dose strongly enhanced the transmigration of cd cells granulomonocytic progenitors cfugm and erythroid progenitors bfue while icam and pecam expression on irradiated trhbmecs was increased only antibodies against pecam inhibited the radiationinduced enhanced transmigration of haemopoietic cells irradiation of trhbmecs gy also increased proliferation and differentiation towards the granulomonocytic lineage of cocultured cd cells as well as colony formation by those cells and the production of interleukin il il granulocyte colonystimulating factor csf and granulocytemacrophage csf irradiated trhbmecs were more capable of stimulating irradiated gy cd cells and haemopoietic progenitors than nonirradiated trhbmecs together these results suggest that despite the radiationinduced damage irradiated ecs may favour haemopoietic reconstitution T3 radiation SE | MEDAL |
selfconsistent turbulent transport of highconcentration impurities in magnetically confined F0 plasmas is studied using a threedimensional nonlinear fluid global turbulence MM which includes iontemperature gradient and trapped electron mode instabilities it is shown that the impurity concentration can have a dramatic feedback in the turbulence and as a result it can significantly NC the transport properties of the plasma high concentration impurities can trigger strong intermittency that manifests in nongaussian heavy tails of the probability density functions of the e à b fluctuations and of the iontemperature flux fluctuations at the HR of this selfconsistent coupling is the existence of inward propagating iontemperature fronts with a sharp gradient at the leading edge that give rise to instabilities and avalanchelike bursty transport numerical evidence of time nonlocality ie PH dependence in the DR of the flux to the gradient is presented | MEDAL |
clostridium perfringens beta cpb and iota cpi toxaemias result in some of the most lethal forms of haemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis and SD syndrome affecting especially neonates while cpb enterotoxemia is one of the most common forms of clostridial enterotoxemia cpi enterotoxemia though putatively considered to be rare is an emerging cause of concern the similarities in clinical manifestation gross and histopathology findings of both types of toxaemias coupled to the infrequency of cpi toxaemia might lead to symptomatic misidentification with type c resulting in therapeutic failure due to habitual administration of cpb antitoxin which is ineffective against cpi therefore in the present T0 to generate a composite antitoxin capable of neutralizing both toxaemias a novel bivalent chimera rcpib was constructed by splicing the nontoxic c terminal binding regions of cpb and cpi via a flexible glycine linker gs by overlapextension pcr the FP was characterized for its therapeutic abilities toward cpi and cpb toxin neutralizations the rcpib was found to be nontoxic and could competivalence of geometric proportions as a measure of static hoof balance was not commonly present and widely published measures and ratios of hoof balance rarely occurred in this sample population of horses | MEDAL |
potassium permanganate is a mild antiseptic with astringent properties it is used in dermatology to treat weeping skin conditions potassium permanganate tablets are commonly used in clinical practice the mg tablets are diluted in four litres of water to give a dilution of british medical association and royal pharmaceutical society of great britain | MEDAL |
recent studies demonstrated a number of links between chromatin structure mRNA extracellular signaling and cellular differentiation during lens OD lens progenitor cells originate from a pool of common progenitor cells the preplacodal region ppr which is formed from a combination of extracellular signaling between the neural plate naïve ectoderm and mesendoderm a TPS commitment to the lens program over alternate choices such as the formation of olfactory epithelium or the anterior PIT is manifested by the formation of a thickened surface ectoderm the lens placode mouse lens progenitor cells are characterized by the expression of a complement of lens lineagespecific transcription AF including pax six and sox controlled by fgf and bmp signaling followed later by cmaf mablike prox and foxe proliferation of lens progenitors together with their morphogenetic movements results in the formation of the lens vesicle this transient structure comprised of lens F0 cells is polarized with its anterior cells retaining their epithelial morphology and proliferative capacity whereas the posterior lens precursor cells initiate terminal differentiation forming the primary lens SF lens differentiation is marked by expression and accumulation of crystallins and other structural proteins the transcriptional control of crystallin genes is characterized by the reiterative use of transcription AF required for the establishment of lens precursors in combination with more ubiquitously expressed AF eg ap apalpha creb and usf and recruitment of histone acetyltransferases hats cbp and p and chromatin CR complexes swisnf and iswi these studies have poised the T0 of lens development at the forefront of efforts to understand the connections between development cell signaling gene transcription and chromatin CR | MEDAL |
xenotransplantation is a newly evolving field a renewed interest has emerged coincidentally with the shortage of donor organs for transplantation bone marrow bm chimerism has been suggested as a potential strategy to induce tolerance to xenografts and control the immune response across a species barrier bone marrow transplantation bmtx displays unique features compared to solidorgan transplantation or transplantation of other cellular grafts to achieve engraftment of the CFU-S hematopoietic stem cell which generates all lineages of the hematolymphopoietic system conditioning of the recipient usually a combination of irradiation and cytoablative chemotherapy is required once engraftment is achieved VG CF is SD and AAR does not occur even without IS on the other hand the graft itself is able to generate an immune response against the host resulting in graftversushost disease gvhd a newly recognized advantage to xenotransplantation is speciesspecific disease resistance in terms of bmtx important questions arise can xenogeneic bm generate a competent immune response across species barriers will crossspecies gvhd occur whis responsible not only for cerebral amyloid angiopathy but also for the degeneration of the cerebral microvasculature which may profoundly affect BB perfusion and bbb functions | MEDAL |
genetic polymorphisms in human nacetyltransferase nat modify the metabolism of numerous drugs and carcinogens these genetic polymorphisms modify both drug tau and toxicity and CA risk associated with carcinogen exposure previous studies have suggested phenotypic heterogeneity among different nat slow acetylator genotypes nat phenotype was investigated in vitro and in situ in samples of human HCs obtained from various nat slow and intermediate nat acetylator genotypes nat gene dose response natbb natba nataa was observed towards the nacetylation of the natspecific drug sulfamethazine by human hepatocytes both in vitro and in situ nacetylation of aminobiphenyl an arylamine carcinogen substrate for both nacetyltransferase and nat showed the same trend both in vitro and in situ although the differences were not significant p the nacetylation of the nacetyltransferase specific ATP paminobenzoic acid did not follow this trend in comparisons of nat intermediate acetylator genotypes differences in nacetylation between natb and natb hepatocytes were not observed in vitro or in situ towards any of these substrates these results further support phenotypic heterogeneity among nat slow acetylator genotypes consistent with differential risks of drug failure or toxicity and CA associated with carcinogen SE | MEDAL |
we have studied the effect of angiotensinii blockade with saralasin on the cardiovascular and hepatic hemodynamics and on the RAA system in fourteen patients with cirrhosis and ascites control measurements showed that most of the patients had a low mean arterial pressure high plasma volume normal or high cardiac index low peripheral resistance and high plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration the wedged hepatic A-V pressure was increased in each patient and the estimated hepatic blood flow was normal in most of them overall saralasin induced a significant reduction of the MAP pressure cardiac index and IP resistance the decrease of the IP resistance was greater than that of the cardiac index six of the patients developed a marked reduction of the MAP pressure with low doses of saralasin microgramkgmin and they had significantly higher plasma renin activity and lower MAP pressure than the remaining eight patients who showed a slight or no hypotensive response in spite of infusing saralasin up to a dose of microgramskgmin overall the decrease of the mean arterial pressure correlated directly with the baseline values of plasma renin activity angiotensinii blockade induced a significant reduction of the wedged hepatic A-V pressure the hepatic blood flow did not show any significant NC the decrease of the wedged hepatic venous pressure was directly related to the reduction of the mean arterial pressure and also to the control plasma renin activity our study indicates that in most patients with cirrhosis ascites and high plasma renin activity arterial pressure is maintained by the effect of endogenous angiotensin ii on the peripheral vasculature and we suggest that a preexisting arterial hypotension AA to an arteriolar vasodilatation is the cause of renin PR in these patients our results also show that angiotensinii blockade is accompanied by a reduction of the postsinusoidal hepatic V1 resistance | MEDAL |
cotton plants were grown in late spring under full sunlight in glasshouses containing normal ambient partial pressure of co ±pa and EC partial pressure of co ±pa and at four C2 of nitrogen nutrition thirtyfive DAP the total dry weights of high cogrown plants were to fold greater than plants grown in normal ambient co partial pressure depending on nitrogen nutrition level nonstructural carbohydrate content mainly starch in the leaves of plants grown in normal co was between and of the total leaf dry weight compared to to in the leaves of high cogrown plants specific leaf weight calculated using total dry weight was to fold greater than that based on structural dry weight in high cogrown plants the amount of nonstructural carbohydrate translocated from the leaves at night was between and of the level at the end of the LD this suggests that the plant was unable to utilize all the carbohydrate it assimilated in elevated co atmosphere while there was a fold enhancement in the rate of co assimilation in plants grown in pa co there was however some evidence to suggest that the activities of other metabolic pathways in the plants were not stimulated to the same extent by the EC co atmosphere this resulted in massive accumulation of NSC particularly at low level of nitrogen nutrition | MEDAL |
polymorphic arylamine nacetyltransferase nat is a detoxification enzyme in the CL the activity of this enzyme differs for each individual the difference of this CEA is determined by the polymorphism of this enzyme which is known as nacetylation polymorphism and is a representative pharmacogenetic trait the expression of nat is also seen in BB tissue however its role has yet to be elucidated to clarify the role of nat in the BB i prepared recombinant nat and examined whether or not lkynurenine could be an endogenous substrate of nat the spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography analyses of the product of the acetylation reaction using the recombinant enzyme revealed that no nacetylkynurenine was produced by nat from lkynurenine the topographical expression of nat in the BB was examined by the in situ hybridization technique hybridization was done using seven digoxigeninlabeled oligonucleotide probes on fresh frozen sections and on paraffin embedded sectration pathway cystathionine gammasynthase and cystathionine betalyase were expressed at low C2 in both pseudomonads but were strongly upregulated during growth with cysteine as the sole sulfur source in p aeruginosa the reverse transsulfuration pathway between homocysteine and cysteine with cystathionine as the intermediate allows p aeruginosa to grow rapidly with Met as the sole sulfur source p putida s also grew well with methionine as the sulfur source but no CSE the key enzyme of the reverse transsulfuration pathway was found in this species in the absence of the reverse transsulfuration pathway p putida desulfurized Met by the conversion of Met to MT catalyzed by methionine gammalyase which was upregulated under these conditions a transposon mutant of p putida that was defective in the alkanesulfonatase locus ssud was unable to grow with either methanesulfonate or Met as the sulfur source we therefore propose that in p putida Met is converted to methanethiol and then Ox to methanesulfonate the sulfonate is then desulfonated by alkanesulfonatase to PR sulfite for reassimilation into cysteine | MEDAL |
a highly water stable and strong upconversion uc luminescence nayfpsinh nanosensor for the simultaneous and selective PCD of trinitrotoluene tnt and trinitrophenol tnp was successfully developed via the nm IR nir irradiation these nanosensors emit strong white uc luminescence with five typical emission peaks centered at and nm the uc emission at both and nm was quenched by the addition of tnt however the ratio of luminescence intensity at nm to nm ii had no change with the increase of tnt concentration meanwhile only violet uc emission at nm was dramatically quenched via the addition of tnp and the ii ratio is negatively proportional to the tnp concentration in the range of μgml of tnp on the other hand the green uc emission intensity at nm is in negative proportion to the concentration of tnt moreover cyclohexane toluene and other nitroaromatics such as dinitrotoluene dnt and NB nb have no influence on the detection therefore we developed a facile method for the simultaneous and selective PCD of tnt and tnp in the mixture solution of nitroaromatics independent of complicated instruments and sample pretreatment | MEDAL |
the entorhinal SC ec main input structure to the hippocampus gets innervated by serotonergic terminals from the raphe nuclei and expresses htreceptors at high density using extra and intracellular recording techniques we here investigated the effects of serotonin on population and cellular responses within the ec stimulation in the lateral entorhinal cortex resulted in complex field potential responses in the SF ec the potentials are composed of an early antidromic and a late orthodromic component reflecting the efferent and afferent circuitry serotonin ht reduced synaptic potentials of the stimulus evoked extracellular field potential at all concentrations tested microm depression by microm serotonin while the antidromic response was not significantly changed by up to microm ht depression of field potential responses by serotonin was associated with a significant increase in PPF from to the effects of serotonin on field potential responses were mimicked by htareceptor agonists ohdpat ct and partially prevented by the htareceptor antagonist suh moreover the htareceptor antagonist way reduced the effect of ct fenfluramine a serotonin releaser mimics the effects of serotonin on stimulusevoked field potential responses indicating that synaptically released serotonin can produce the changes in reactivity to afferent stimulation depression of isolated ampareceptor mediated epscs by serotonin as well as fenfluramine was associated with an increase in paired pulse facilitation indicating a presynaptic locus of action we conclude that physiological concentrations of serotonin potently suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission in the superficial entorhinal cortex by a presynaptic mechanism | MEDAL |
atypical AP agents such as aripiprazole clozapine olanzapine quetiapine and ziprasidone offer many advantages over conventional neuroleptics these agents reduce NS of schizophrenia are effective in treatment refractory cases and have a markedly lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia however there is considerable patienttopatient variability in therapeutic dose requirements of atypical antipsychotics and the propensity for side effects hence the initial excitement since the introduction of atypical antipsychotics in late s is now shifting towards a focus on individualization of pharmacotherapy and elucidation of the mechanistic basis of interindividual R2 in drug response with use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers pharmacogenomics introduced in late s is the T0 of R2 in drug response using information from the entire genome of a given individual patient both pharmacogenomics and conventional therapeutic drug monitoring tdm share the similar goal of improving pharmacotherapy through better explanation of individual variability in drug response hence pharmacogenomic biomarkers offer a unique opportunity to complement and expand the scope of traditional tdm in clinical psychopharmacology importantly pharmacogenomics enables the investigation of AF distal to drug exposure in the plasma compartment eg drug targets at the biophase thereby providing a more CR portrayal of sources of R2 in psychotropic drug response we discuss the definitions for biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in the context of pharmacogenomics genetic variations in isozymespecific atypical antipsychotic metabolism in vivo selected examples of pharmacogenomic R2 in pertinent drug targets and the anticipated roadmap from implementation of pharmacogenomics to changes in healthcare and therapeutic policy in addition a conceptual FR that outlines the theoretical advantages of pharmacogenomicsguided tdm is presented using recent clinical applications as precedence | MEDAL |
we have isolated overlapping phage genomic clones covering an area of kilobases that encodes the human protein c gene the gene is at least kilobases long and is made up of nine exons and eight introns two regions homologous to epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor are encoded by amino acids and and are precisely delimited by introns as is a similar sequence in the genes for coagulation factor ix and tissue plasminogen activator when homologous amino acids of factor ix and protein c are aligned the positions of all eight introns correspond precisely suggesting that these genes are the product of a relatively recent gene duplication nevertheless the two genes are sufficiently distantly related that no nucleic acid homology remains in the intronic regions and that the size of the introns varies dramatically between the two genes the similarity of the genes for factor ix and protein c suggests that they may be the most closely related members of the serine protease gene family involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis | MEDAL |
algebraic reconstruction techniques art are iterative procedures for recovering objects from their projections it is claimed that by a careful adjustment of the order in which the collected data are accessed during the reconstruction procedure and of the socalled EC50 parameters that are to be chosen in an algebraic reconstruction technique art can produce highquality reconstructions with excellent computational efficiency this is demonstrated by an example based on a particular but realistic medical imaging task showing that art can match the performance of the standard expectationmaximization approach for maximizing likelihood from the point of view of that particular medical task but at an order of magnitude less computational cost | MEDAL |
this paper addresses current issues regarding the diagnosis and management of binge eating disorder bed controversies in diagnosis include the lack of empirically validated criteria the lack of a universally recognized operational definition of a binge episode and the lack of ageappropriate assessment instruments in light of growing reports of bed among children and adolescents for adults with bed several pharmacological and behavioral treatments have shown promise in reducing binge frequency and related psychological symptoms of disordered eating ie disinhibition hunger depressed mood secondgeneration ADs and cognitive behavioral therapy are among the most widely studied treatments however no behavioral interventions have demonstrated efficacy with respect to weight loss which is a critical concern for many bed sufferers who are overweight furthermore randomized controlled trials for bed have development of skin sclerosis therefore it is possible that endothelial cell injury caused by recurring ischemiareperfusion induces inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequent cytokine production leading to the development of tissue fibrosis during this process chemokines likely have important roles via mediating chemotaxis and activation of WBCs result in the interaction between leukocytes and fibroblasts while chemokine abnormalities of ssc have been reported in amounts of literatures monocyte chemoattractant protein mcpccl and its receptor ccr likely have the most critical role for the development of ssc here recent data will be reviewed on the potential role of chemokines and their receptors in ssc | MEDAL |
we demonstrated that neonatal isolation h pup isolation postnatal days impairs contextinduced fear conditioning in adult male rats and tends to enhance this effect and foot shock sensitivity in females in this T0 we examine the effects of brief ie handling min and prolonged h maternal separations PN days on CFC and FS sensitivity in AD male and female rats identical training and test conditions from our prior study were employed so comparisons of the three early life stressors could be made context and cueelicited freezing and US vocalizations usvs khz were measured after toneshock training trials in experiment in experiment FS responses flinch jump sonic vocalizations to escalating shock levels were assessed brief maternal separation impaired context and cueconditioned fear in rats of both sexes as assessed by usvs prolonged maternal separation only impaired context fear in female rats there were no effects on FS sensitivity results of this and other studies suggest that early life stress impairs CFC in adult rats whereas AS experienced in adulthood has the opposite effect these opposing effects may reflect developmental differences on stressinduced alterations on hippocampal regulation of the HPA | MEDAL |
the structures of two polymorphs of cytochrome c from rhodobacter capsulatus rccp strain m have been determined by the molecular replacement method iron anomalous scattering data were used to confirm the molecular replacement solution the structures were refined at angstrom and angstrom resolution to rvalues of and respectively the rccp molecule is a dimer and each of the MZ residue subunits folds as a fourhelical bundle with a covalently bound heme group in the center this structural motif resembles that of cytochromes c reported from rhodospirillum molischianum rmcp rhodospirillum rubrum rrcp chromatium vinosum cvcp achromobacter xyloseoxidans axcp and alcaligenes denitrificans adcp however the architecture of the rccp dimer that is the mode of association of subunits differs substantially from that of the other cytochromes c in the rccp dimer the subunits are roughly parallel with each other and only helix b of each S1 participates in formation of the dimer interface measurement of the solventaccessible surface area indicates that the dimer interface is smaller in rccp than in the other cytochromes c in rmcp cvcp rrcp axcp and adcp the subunits cross each other to form an x shape and two helices a and b of each subunit interact across the dimer interface these results are consistent with hydrodynamic measurements which show that there is an equilibrium between monomers and dimer in rccp whereas the dimer is the predominant form in the other cytochromes c for which structures have been determined structural comparison of the six cytochromes c reveal that they can be divided into two groups in group cytochromes c cvcp and rccp the CAA sequences and the folding of subunits are arranged in such a way as to allow the formation of a deep channel between helices b and c with direct solvent accessibility to the heme C6 ligand position there is no such channel in group cytochromes c rmcp rrcp axcp and adcp this may account in part for the differences in carbon monoxide IB | MEDAL |
the concentration of highrisk deliveries in specialized perinatal care centres contributes to the reduction of infant mortality and morbidity this study investigates the frequency of highrisk deliveries in hospitals with inadequate level of perinatal care | MEDAL |
the homoarginine technique has been suggested as a means to determine true ileal CAA digestibilities in nonruminant animals fed proteincontaining diets conditions for guanidinating lysine to homoarginine in barley and canola meal and the effect of this process on nutrient composition and ileal digestibilities in the resulting material were investigated conditions tested were methylisourea concentration or m and reaction time or d at ph using methylisourea m solution for or d gave guanidination rates of and for barley and and for CM respectively using m gave and guanidination rates in barley and canola meal respectively after a d reaction time under these conditions guanidination did not NC the nutrient composition of barley p whereas it increased cp vs CF vs acid detergent fiber vs and NDF vs levels in canola meal p four kg barrows fitted with a simple tcannula at the terminal ileum were fed a cp unguanidinated barley and canola mealbased diet for four consecutive d periods ileal digesta were collected continuously for h on d and to determine apparent nutrient digestibilities on the morning of d pigs were fed a diet in which half of the barley and CM was replaced with guanidinated material for determining true ileal amino acid digestibilities digesta samples were pooled by pig and by h period to give observations per diet apparent ileal digestibilities of dm cp and aa in the unguanidinated and guanidinated barleycanola meal diet were similar p despite the changes observed in canola meal apparent ileal lysine digestibility was and in the unguanidinated and guanidinated diet respectively the true ileal lysine digestibility was the present results show that guanidination does not interfere with digestion and further support the use of the homoarginine method for determining true ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs fed practical diets a methylisourea solution of m and a d reaction time are recommended for converting lysine to homoarginine in barley and canola meal | MEDAL |
twentyeight patients with nasal one due to vasomotor rhinitis were assessed using anterior rhinomanometry before and six weeks T3 the T0 of outfracture and amputation of the posterior ends of the VPI turbinates it was found that the T0 did not significantly improve the nasal airway though just over half the patients had an objective improvement in nasal airflow only half of this group reported a subjective improvement in their PS | MEDAL |
AD therapy for prostate cancer is associated with several complications including loss of libido hot flashes night sweats psychological stress osteoporosis anemia fatigue loss of muscle mass glucose intolerance and changes in lipid profile the natural PH of prostate cancer while on such therapy is the attainment of an incurable androgenindependent state early diagnosis by prostatespecific antigen screening longer life expectancies and a penchant for immediate therapy pose a problem where clinicians have to balance the potential benefits of early hormonal therapy with the risks of development of these metabolic and psychological complications IAD offers clinicians a prospect to improve SQ of life in patients with prostate CA by harmonizing the benefits of androgen ablation with a reduction in treatmentrelated SE and expenditure in this review we discuss the challenges and opportunities of this mode of therapy and shed light on some of the underlying molecular mechanisms | MEDAL |
chest mri is increasingly used to assess pulmonary diseases but its utility compared with highresolution computed tomography hrct has never been evaluated in children using specific performance outcomes the aim of this T0 was to assess the accuracy and reliability of mri compared with hrct in children with noncystic fibrosis cf chronic lung disease | MEDAL |
modulation of betaadrenergic receptor betaar activity affects MM and could have a role in the reduction of MM observed following spinal cord transection tx the aims of this study were to examine the early acute effects of tx on MM total and myofibrillar protein concentrations cytochrome c oxidase activity and betaar density of skeletal muscle to ascertain if any change in muscle properties could be related to betaar signalling events female SDRs n approximately g were randomly assigned to experimental groups control d control d tx d and tx d a complete tx was performed surgically at the t cord level compared with controls muscle mass and muscle body mass ratios decreased significantly following tx with no significant NC observed in total and myofibrillar protein concentrations spinal cord tx also resulted in a significant decrease in plantaris cytochrome c oxidase activity by at tx d and at tx d p betaar density of the lateral gastrocnemius was unchanged however the betaar density of the forelimb TB m was found to increase after tx our results suggest that changes in MM and cytochrome c oxidase activity rapidly occur after tx and do not appear to be related to changes in betaar density | MEDAL |
this T0 shows that the direct indicator of oxidative AS superoxide radical o·ââ» is involved in the sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic filamentous fungi rhizoctonia solani sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia minor the production rate of o·ââ» and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase sod C2 in the sclerotiogenic fungi were significantly higher and lower respectively than those of their nondifferentiating counterpart strains which strongly suggests that the oxidative AS of the sclerotium differentiating fungi is higher than that of the nondifferentiating ones xanthine oxidase xo which was detected for the first time in fungi in GA was localized in the CM the contribution of xo in the overall o·ââ»production was very significant reaching among the strains especially in the transition developmental stage between the undifferentiated and the differentiated state suggesting a sclerotium triggering and a phytopathogenic role of xo during plant infection the additional finding that these fungi secrete extracellular sod can be related to their protection from the response of plants to produce o·ââ» at infection sites | MEDAL |
us health care is in ferment private entities are merging aligning and coordinating in a wide array of configurations at the same time there is a great deal of policy change this includes the federal governments affordable care act as well as actions by medicare state legislatures and state agencies the health system is built upon markets which determine how and how well goods and services are delivered to consumers so it is critical that these markets work as well as possible as the primary federal antitrust enforcement agencies the federal trade commission and the department of justice are charged with ensuring that health care markets operate well but they are not alone the SF-36 of health care markets is also profoundly affected by other parts of the federal government notably the centers for medicare and medicaid services and by state legislation and regulation in this current period of such dynamic change it is particularly important for the antitrust agencies to continue and enhance their communication and coordination with other government agencies as well as to maintain vigilant antitrust enforcement and consumer protection in health care markets | MEDAL |
fluorescence of anilinonaphthalenesulphonate is enhanced by both lactoferrin and transferrin the enhancement is relatively low between ph and and high at below ph at physiological ph the fluorescence enhancement is higher with the irondeprived than with the ironsaturated proteins binding of iron by LF is associated with lowering affinity for the dye | MEDAL |
incubation of rabbit erythrocytes with pi resulted in labeling of membrane diphosphoinositide triphosphoinositide and phosphatidic acid hypotonic lysis at degress c resulted in an extremely rapid breakdown of the labeled polyphosphoinositides this breakdown could be retarded by lysis in the presence of edta and by lowering the temperature to degrees thus allowing preparation of membranes with minimum breakdown of the labeled lipids rapid breakdown of di and triphosphoinositide in isolated CM could be initiated by ca or to a lesser extent by mg and prevented by detergents and by heating to degrees c assay of radiolabeled lipid was carried out by a method which bypassed prior lipid SE and which enabled sequential sampling of reactions at second intervals this method was more convenient than standard procedures and gave yields of di and TPI equivalent to that obtained by the method of folch | MEDAL |
deregulated expression of the mycfamily of oncogenes in hematopoietic and other cell types plays an important role in tumorigenesis and results in increased proliferative potential and block of cellular differentiation we have previously shown that Th1 restores phorbol esterinduced differentiation and cell cycle arrest in vmyc transformed human u monoblasts to investigate whether other cytokine signals could also abrogate such a block il il il il il il il lif oncostatin m mcsf gcsf and gmcsf and tgfbeta TNF ifnalpha were examined we show that gmcsf and il in combination with the phorbol ester otetradecanoylphorbol acetate tpa restored differentiation and cell cycle arrest in contrast treatment by tgfbeta tpa resulted in an efficient gg arrest but did not appear to induce terminal differentiation restoration of differentiation and cell cycle arrest was accomplished despite maintained expression of the vmyc protein our results show that the cytokineinduced signals reduced mycdependent transcription of an artificial target promoterreporter gene construct correlating in most but not all cases with decreased association of v and cmyc with its essential partner max thus cytokineinduced signals may counteract the activity of deregulated myc and contribute to the normalization of differentiation arrest in the gg phase of the Tc or both | MEDAL |
we have used HPF techniques to T0 exocytosis in rat anterior pituitary cells the cells were either unstimulated or exposed to nm growth hormone releasing factor grf for min before ultrarapid freezing the magnitude of growth hormone gh PR was then correlated with the number of exocytotic events observed with freezefracture electron microscopy highpressure freezing of unfixed and uncryoprotected specimens permits cryofixation of samples up to mm diam mm thick without ice crystal damage and arrests exocytotic events within ms our studies comparing conventionally fixed specimens with those prepared by HPF confirm that Az of intramembrane particle clearing at potential exocytotic CS are an artifact of conventional fixation andor cryoprotection techniques the cells exposed to nm grf released approximately fivefold more gh than did unstimulated cells morphologically we have observed a fold increase in the number of exocytotic events in grfstimulated cells events micron compared with events micron for unstimulated cells in additional experiments we studied the effects of two inhibitors of grfinduced exocytosis somatostatin and sodium isethionate both EDC elicit the same response a parallel decrease in exocytotic events and in secreted product we conclude that highpressure freezing combined with freezefracture and freezesubstitution processing techniques is an excellent tool for studying the morphological aspects of exocytosis in the present investigation it has allowed us to quantitatively relate the biochemistry and morphology of exocytosis in anterior pituitary cells | MEDAL |
a study of worker exposure to airborne fungi was undertaken in a sugar beet refinery to evaluate the level of exposure and to determine if controls could be implemented that would lower these exposures a previous study at this refinery identified one worker who reacted on challenge testing to the moldy but not the fresh sugar beet pulp had TPS immunoglobulin g to aspergillus niger and TPS immunoglobulin e to aspergillus also two employees were diagnosed with OA in the T0 reported here two field surveys were conducted the first during the sugar production campaign january and the second during postproduction cleanup and maintenance june approximately personal and area air samples were collected on polycarbonate filters and the culturable fungal spores were identified and enumerated this study showed high SE of pellet loaders and pellet silo workers to various species of aspergillus other fungal species that might pose a health hazard were detected exposures to fungi during the postproduction cleanup and maintenance phase were much higher than those measured during the production campaign engineering controls that would reduce employee exposure are discussed | MEDAL |
we have designed and constructed novel multifunctional nanoparticle drugdelivery systems that are SD under physiological conditions and responsive to tumorrelevant ph and intracellular reduction potential the NPs were fabricated from enzymatically synthesized PE glycol pegpolyÏpentadecalactoneconmethyldiethyleneaminecodithiodipropionate pegppmd and pegpolyεcaprolactoneconmethyldiethyleneaminecodithiodipropionate pegpcmd block copolymers via selfassembly processes in aqueous solution at acidic ph and in the presence of a reductant eg dldithiothreitol or glutathione the nanosized micelle particles rapidly swell and disintegrate due to the protonation of amino groups and reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds in the micelle cores consistently docetaxel dtxloaded pegppmd and pegpcmd micelles can be triggered synergistically by acidic endosomal ph and a high intracellular reduction potential to rapidly PR the drug for efficient killing of CA cells the drug formulations based on pegppmd and pegpcmd copolymers exhibited a substantially higher potency than free dtx in inhibiting RT growth in mice whereas their therapeutic effects on important organ tissues were minimal these results demonstrate that pegppmd and pegpcmd NPs have a great potential to serve as sitespecific controlled drugdelivery vehicles for safe and efficient antitumor treatment | MEDAL |
multiple neurofibromas schwannomas and hyperplastic enteric plexuses were observed in the distal jejunum and ileum of a yearold pinto gelding the animal was presented because of an acute episode of colic three meters of distal small intestine partially incarcerated in the epiploic foramen were surgically removed numerous tumor nodules up to mm in diameter were found adjacent to a meckels diverticulum predominantly located in the subserosa of a HCM segment histologically PT were well demarcated and composed of interlacing fascicles formed by spindloid cells adjacent enteric plexuses were hyperplastic immunohistochemically all tumors were positive for vimentin and s desmin immunoreactivity was only observed in larger PT microns glial fibrillary acid protein was demonstrated nearly exclusively in smaller ones IS for neurofilament was restricted to entrapped ganglion cells based on conventional LM examination and immunohistochemical evaluation the lesion was diagnosed as multiple benign IP NSTs in the small intestine | MEDAL |
nacetyltransferases nat are key enzymes in the conjugation of certain drugs and other xenobiotics with an arylamine structure polymorphisms in nat have long been recognized to modulate toxicity produced by the antitubercular drug INH with molecular epidemiologic studies suggesting a link between acetylator phenotype and increased risk for bladder CA recent evidence indicates that the other major nat isozyme nat is also polymorphic the current analysis characterizes the main polymorphisms in both nat and nat in terms of their effect on CEA and frequency in the population multiple nat alleles nat and have substantially decreased acetylation activity and are common in caucasians and populations of african descent in these CG most individuals carry at least one copy of a slow acetylator S2 and less than are homozygous for the wild type fast acetylator trait incorporation of these data into a monte carlo modeling framework led to a population CSD of nat activity that was bimodal and associated with considerable variability in each population assessed the ratio of the median to the first percentile of nat activity ranged from in caucasians to in the chinese population this variability indicates the need for more quantitative approaches eg PBPK pbpk modeling to assess the full CSD of internal dose and adverse responses to aromatic amines and other nat substrates polymorphisms in nat are generally associated with relatively minor effects on acetylation function with MC analysis indicating less interindividual R2 than seen in nat analysis | MEDAL |
lewy bodylike hyaline inclusions in the soma and swollen cordlike cell processes are characteristic alterations of the anterior horn cells in familial ALS als with posterior column and spinocerebellar tract involvement a fine structural analysis of these two structures has been performed in two brothers from a family c family previously described by kurland and mulder in the perikaryal hyaline inclusions consisted of accumulations of randomly oriented neurofilaments interspersed with thick linear densities associated with granular material some of the accumulations showed a CE condensation cordlike swollen neuronal processes were composed for the most part of numerous neurofilaments arranged parallel to the long axes dense structures were sometimes observed within the large bundles of filaments they were composed of illdefined dense granular and fibrillar material associated with scattered LDV and mitochondria these dense areas were sometimes surrounded by various amounts of fine filaments approximately nm in diameter | MEDAL |
thirtyfive people admitted to hospital following deliberate selfharm by overdose were interviewed patients rated several reasons for making the attempt on point scales the reasons used were those derived by bancroft and his associates eg find out if someone loved me make people understand how desperate i was feeling the patients also completed beck et als hopelessness scale high hopelessness was associated with an increased wish to die and to get relief from a terrible state of mind but high and low hopelessness did not differentiate between other reasons even the traditionally manipulative ones the intercorrelations between reasons suggested that in low hopelessness interpersonal reasons were the most central constructs whereas in the high hopelessness patients the escape motive was the most central | MEDAL |
the aim of the present T0 is to examine the applicability of the isokinetic dec parameter for identifying submaximal effort in workers with potential weakness of the shoulder external rotators a previous study indicated that the dec was a powerful ID of submaximal effort of shoulder ER in normal volunteers its applicability in shoulder injury patients is of specific interest thus a retrospective T0 of female and male patients who claimed compensation for workrelated shoulder injury was designed patients had their injured side dec values within the normal range and were thus labeled as maximal performers ten patients had higher than cutoff dec values indicating submaximal effort whereas patients had exceedingly low dec values gender comparison showed a significantly different proportion of maximal performers strength deficits registered in patients demonstrating maximal performance correlated with the final outcome the findings support the application of the dec for determination of the extent of weakness of shoulder external rotators in male patients in terms of shoulder external rotators status in male worker injury the results support the application of isokinetic tests both in the clinical and medicolegal sense however the gender discrepancy warrants furthetcomes and complications of the aus in the treatment of both male and female UI a pubmed review of the available literature was performed and articles reporting implantation of artificial urinary sphincters for UI in both male and female patients were evaluated there was a comparable satisfactory continence rate after the implantation of an aus in males vs in females in comparison there were some differences in the indications contraindications surgical approaches outcomes and complications of the aus implanted for urinary incontinence in male and female patients aus implantation is a safe and effective surgical option for the treatment of urinary incontinence of various etiologies continuous evolution of the device has made it an attractive option for the treatment of both male and female urinary incontinence | MEDAL |
ten subjects with mild to moderately severe asthma participated in a T0 of the bronchodilator activity and incidence of side effects of FEN aerosol administered by intermittent PPB ippb the doses of FEN used in the bird micronebulizer were mg mg mg and mg and these were po in a randomized doubleblind fashion the bronchodilator response assessed by the area under the fev curve showed mean se values of hr for mg of FEN to hr for mg of FEN p greater than longer p less than than the mean placebo response of hr a dosedependent increase in tremor was observed for each of the doses of fenoterol the mg dose of FEN solution is an appropriate starting dose for the treatment of moderately severe asthma | MEDAL |
direction selectivity in simple cells of primary VC defined from their spike responses cannot be predicted using linear models it has been suggested that the shunting inhibition evoked by visual stimulation is responsible for the nonlinear component of DS cortical inhibition would suppress a neurons firing when stimuli move in the nonpreferred direction but would allow responses to stimuli in the preferred direction models of direction selectivity based solely on input from the lateral geniculate nucleus however propose that the nonlinear response is caused by spike threshold by extracting excitatory and inhibitory components of synaptic inputs from intracellular records obtained in vivo we demonstrate that excitation and inhibition are tuned for the same direction but differ in relative timing further membrane potential responses combine in a linear fashion spike threshold however quantitatively accounts for the nonlinear component of DS amplifying the DS of spike SO relative to that of synaptic inputs | MEDAL |
SVR svr is defined as aviremia weeks after completion of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis c virus hcv infection in analyses of svr durability the incidence of late relapse is extremely low histologic regression of both necroinflammation and fibrosis has been demonstrated in paired liver biopsy samples in svrachieving patients more noteworthy is the sustained responders favorable prognosis even with baseline cirrhosis despite mostly retrospective analyses relative to nonresponders or to those UT patients with svr have significantly fewer liverrelated complications less HCC carcinoma and fewer liverrelated deaths although hcv is associated with insulin resistance successful eradication of hcv appears to reduce the risk of IFG and diabetes development in summary chronic hcv infection is curable with svr attainment and with cure comes improved CL histology and more favorable clinical outcomes in comparison with patients who do not achieve the same therapeutic milestone | MEDAL |
REM deprivation increases nak atpase activity and decreases aminergic neuronal FR as well as norepinephrine degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase activity on the other hand norepinephrine is known to increase nak atpase activity hence this T0 was conducted to find if the ED induced increase in nak atpase activity is mediated by norepinephrine rapid EM sleep deprived rats were injected with either alpha or beta AR antagonist or alpha adrenoceptor agonist and T3 h the nak atpase activity of the BB was estimated in an attempt to simulate in vivo conditions norepinephrine was added to an in vitro BB homogenate preparation in the presence or absence of alpha or beta AR blockers and the enzyme activity was estimated the results showed that the enzyme activity was decreased by alpha antagonist as well as by alpha agonist treatment in in vivo S9 norepinephrine increased enzyme activity in the in vitro preparation and the increase was prevented by the alpha antagonist the results of this T0 suggest that rapid EM sleep ED induced increase in nak atpase activity may be mediated by norepinephrine acting on either alpha andor alpha receptors | MEDAL |
the efficacy of lipid disorder therapy for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is established there are however no completed studies specifically directed at reducing the risk of stroke with lipid therapy although observational cohort studies have failed to demonstrate an association between lipid disorders and stroke incidence recently completed trials of subjects at risk for coronary HR disease have shown that statins and fibric acid derivatives reduce not only the risk of myocardial infarction and death but also that of brain infarction and transient ICM attacks lipid drugs are well tolerated and treatment complications are relatively low it seems prudent to conclude that the stroke patient with an undesirable lipid profile who has a history of coronary heart disease should receive TPS treatment for the lipid disorder recommendations are more problematic for stroke patients with lipid disorders but no history of coronary heart disease most should receive therapy for primary prevention of heart disease lipid treatment trials focused on stroke risk reduction are urgently needed | MEDAL |
the dilute russell viper venom time and kaolin clotting time kct are very sensitive screening tests for lupus AC activity however due to the high turbidity of the kaolin reagent it is difficult to accommodate the kct on the optical end point automation of today we evaluated five recently reported screening tests the silica clotting time the textarinecarin ratio the taipan venom time the factor v ratio and a kaolin clotting time using lowturbidity kaolin as potential alternatives to the kct the sensitivity and specificity of the Si clotting time compared well to kct detecting kct positive samples and showing equal sensitivity to dilution of lupus positive plasma in addition the SCT allows for a confirmatory phospholipid correction procedure falsepositive results were seen in of warfarinised samples a second CA utilising the ratio of extrinsicintrinsic factor v assays was not affected by either warfarin or heparin this assay also gave positive results with of samples previously screened as lupus negative but exhibiting anticardiolipin positivity it was therefore concluded that a combination of the silica clotting time and dilute russell viper venom time met the requirements of lupus sensitivity with demonstration of phospholipid dependence and optical end point compatibility the factor v ratio is a useful secondline screen for both anticoagulated patients and anticardiolipin antibodypositive samples | MEDAL |
synaptic gtpaseactivating protein syngap is a neuronalspecific rasrapgap that increases the hydrolysis rate of gtp to gdp converting rasrap from the active into the inactive form the ras protein family modulates a wide range of cellular pathways including those involved in sensitization of sensory SN since gaps regulate ras activity syngap might be an important regulator of peripheral sensitization and pain therefore we evaluated excitability stimulusevoked release of the neuropeptide calcitonin generelated peptide cgrp and nociception from wildtype wt mice and those with a heterozygous mutation of the syngap gene syngap our results demonstrate that syngap is expressed in primary afferent SNs and that the capsaicinstimulated cgrp PR from spinal cord slices was twofold higher from syngap mice than that observed from wt mouse tissue consistent with an increase in expression of the CAP receptor TRP cation channel subfamily v member trpv in syngap dorsal root ganglia however there was no difference between the two genotypes in potassiumstimulated release of cgrp the number of action potentials generated by a ramp of depolarizing current or mechanical hypernociception elicited by i.pl. i.t. of capsaicin in contrast capsaicininduced thermal hypernociception occurred at lower doses of CAP and had a longer duration in syngap mice than wt mice these results provide the first evidence that syngap is an important regulator of NPY release from primary sensory neurons and can modulate capsaicininduced hypernociception demonstrating the importance of gap regulation in signaling pathways that play a role in IP sensitization | MEDAL |
in this article we present our experience with the concept of the unstable aortic sac after EVAR the improvements in ultrasound technology and features suggestive of sac instability are described patients with this condition are usually considered to have endotension in which the aortic sac undergoes progressive enlargement in the absence of any demonstrable endoleak we have found however that approximately one third of these patients have intermittent or posturedependent endoleaks the AA ultrasound manoeuvres that enable these endoleaks to be diagnosed are described an awareness of the potential presence of these endoleaks may avoid unnecessary conversion to open repair or late rupture | MEDAL |
a patient who previously underwent an attempt at open mesh repair of a lumbar hernia that occurred following iliac crest bone harvesting was managed successfully by laparoscopic RP fixation of the prosthetic material to the IC using bone screws a review of the literature supports the use of such a novel approach to manage this often vexing problem | MEDAL |
a cdna coding for the carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme phytoene desaturase from narcissus pseudonarcissus was cloned and the corresponding protein Sf9 cells using the baculovirus system polyclonal antibodies raised against the recombinant protein allowed the detection of soluble and tightly MB populations of phytoene desaturase in the chromoplasts isolated from petals the soluble form is enzymatically inactive and a constituent of a larger hsp containing protein complex in the stroma whereas the membranebound form is PET in vitro the soluble form is able to associate on tointo proteinfree liposomal membranes made from chromoplast lipids thereby gaining activity by IB added flavine adenine CpG fad once bound to membranes activated phytoene desaturase works independently of any added fad employing membranebound electron acceptors fad however exerts no positive effect on the membraneassociation process its role is confined to enzymatic activation although carotenoid accumulation is strongly induced during flower development only very low concentrations of phytoene desaturase transcripts are detectable while the corresponding protein accumulates in low but measurable amounts appearing in soluble and MB states posttranscriptional mechanisms contribute significantly to carotenoid accumulation as do AF determining the enzymatic activity of phytoene desaturase for example by influencing the redoxstate of MB electron acceptors | MEDAL |
the elderly are a vulnerable group and many will face several chronic illnesses with CA being likely among them each year approximately one million elderly are abused with the most vulnerable being those who rely on family members for their care humphrey stated that old age is sufficient cause to give up even when the individual is not suffering humphreys statement exemplifies how much our society has come to devalue the elderly opponents of euthanasia and assisted suicide as alternatives to effective palliative care contend that we are degrading not only the sanctity of life for the elderly but we are also undermining the goals of medicine | MEDAL |
influenza viruses are significant human respiratory pathogens that cause both seasonal endemic infections and periodic unpredictable pandemics the worst pandemic on record in killed approximately million people worldwide human infections caused by hn HPAI viruses have raised concern about the emergence of another pandemic the histopathology of fatal influenza virus pneumonias as documented over the past years is reviewed here strikingly the spectrum of pathologic changes described in the influenza pandemic is not significantly different from the histopathology observed in other less lethal pandemics or even in deaths occurring during seasonal influenza outbreaks | MEDAL |
internationally there is increasing use of telephone consultations particularly for triaging requestin DOI hydrochloride doi decreased the frequency of grippinginduced ies but that was not the case with alphamethylserotonin maleate alphamethylht a nonspecific postsynaptic agonist although the serotonin antagonists ketanserine and metergoline produced a biphasic effect first a decrease followed by an increase with higher doses similar effects were obtained with a mean duration of grippinginduced ies these findings correlate with the pharmacological observations in narcoleptic dogs and humans in which serotoninreuptake inhibitors improve cataplexy particularly in longterm treatment that could NC the serotonin receptor C2 polysomnographic recordings showed an increase in the awakening time and a decrease in the slow wave and rapid NREM concomitant with a decrease in immobilities after use of doi this being stronger with the highest dose taken together our results show that postsynaptic serotonin receptors are involved in the modulation in grippinginduced ies caused by the changes in the organization of the sleepwake cycle in taiep rats it is possible that TPS agonists without SE could be a useful treatment in human narcoleptic patients | MEDAL |
abstract a case of micronodular tcellhistiocyterich bcell lymphoma of the SP who had a prior diagnosis of small lymphocytic lymphoma is presented micronodular tcellhistiocyterich bcell lymphoma of the spleen was first described in and very few cases have been reported since then this is the first reported case supervening in a patient with preexisting chronic lymphocytic lymphoma we review its clinical pathologic and immunohistochemical features and the difficulties we encountered during diagnosis | MEDAL |
CR excision of a cholecystocele is recommended unless the remaining biliary drainage of the liver would be jeopardized evidence suggests that the embryologic OD of the gallbladder and cystic duct is probably a sequestration and differentiation process from the hepatic antrum and not an independent budding from the primitive hepatic diverticulum | MEDAL |
between and we treated fractures of the FS by means of osteosynthesis the internal nailing was performed in we used an interlocking nailing in cases times statically and times dynamically an open reposition was performed in with only a very small incision we exposed the area of the fracture to insert the reamer guide under control of the fingers into the distal part of the femoral shaft by using this technique there is no danger of disposing the fragments in order to achieve stabilisation in the correct position of the patients were younger than years and older than years and older than years in all cases we observed an osseous healing twice a AA cancellous bone craft was necessary as complications we had an infection rate of loosening of the bolt in axial malalignment greater than degrees in a rotary malalignment greater than degrees in we did not observe any refracture less complications can be observed in interlocking nailing in comparison with plate osteosynthesis technique indication mistakes and dangers as well as careful timing of operation are discussed in open fractures delayed osteosynthesis by means of interlocking nailing is to be preferred to primary plate osteosynthesis fractures fixed by interlocking nailing had comparatively less complications in fracture healing and especially no more shortenings and rotation deformities but the advantage of early full weightbearing the interlocking nail has a very important value in the management of FS fractures | MEDAL |
virulent and multidrugresistant PA causes a lethal pneumonia especially in patients who are artificially ventilated it has been reported that the virulence mechanism used by p aeruginosa which is linked to acute lung injury is strongly associated with the type iii secretion system and TPS antibodies targeting this system have shown a protective effect in both exp and clinical settings we investigated the effect of administering iv immunoglobulins on p aeruginosa pneumonia including its associated bacteremia and mortality although focusing especially on TTS systemassociated p aeruginosa virulence | MEDAL |
members of the herpesvirus family mature at inner nuclear membranes although a fraction of the viral glycoproteins is expressed on the cell surface in this T0 we investigated the localization of herpes simplex virus type hsv glycoproteins in virusinfected epithelial cells by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against each of the major viral glycoproteins all of the hsv glycoproteins were localized exclusively on the BLM of vero c madindarby bovine kidney and mouse MECs using a monoclonal antibody to hsv gd which crossreacts with hsv strains we could also localize hsv gd on the basolateral CM of madindarby bovine kidney cells these results indicate that these molecules contain putative sorting signals that direct them to basolateral membrane domains | MEDAL |
survival factors are known to promote cell viability and factor ED can be a potent AI signal insulinlike growth AF are potent mitogens and inhibitors of apoptosis for many normal and neoplastic cells with insulinlike growth factori igfi being the most effective in many BCC lines dihydroxyvitamin d ohd and its analogues inhibit igfistimulated growth of mcf human BCCs the aim of this T0 was to determine the relationship between inhibition of igfi responsiveness and induction of apoptosis by vitamin d analogues in BCCs vitamin d analogues eb and B6 inhibited autonomous and igfistimulated growth of mcf and td cells and autonomous growth of igfiinsensitive hst cells in mcf cells igfi CT nm protected against apoptosis mediated by SS deprivation cotreatment with vitamin d analogues prevented the antiapoptotic effects of igfi in td cells igfi treatment provided only partial protection against apoptosis induced by serum ED and coincubation of serumdeprived cells with nm B6 and igfi abrogated this partial protection in hst cells addition of igfi did not prevent apoptosis induced by serum ED however treatment with cb att the protective effect of the serum in these cells our findings suggest that vitamin d analogues inhibit igfi signalling pathways to promote apoptosis in BCCs | MEDAL |
cerebellin precursor protein cbln is the prototype of a family of secreted neuronal glycoproteins cbln and its genetic elimination results in synaptic alterations in cerebellum B6 and striatum in B6 cbln acts as a bifunctional ligand bridging presynaptic βneurexins on granule cells to postsynaptic grid on PNs although much is known concerning the action of cbln little is known of the function of its other family members here we show that B6 and B6 have similar binding MICs to βneurexins and grid and the targeted ectopic expression of cbln to PCs in transgenic mice rescues the cerebellar deficits in cblnnull animals suggesting that the two proteins have redundant CF mediated by their common receptor binding properties B6 and B6 are also coexpressed in the endolysosomal compartment of the thalamic SN responsible for the synaptic alterations in striatum of cblnnull mice therefore to determine whether the two family members have similar functions we generated cblnnull mice cblnnull mice do not show the synaptic alterations evident in striatum of cblnnull mice thus B6 can exhibit PET redundancy with cbln in B6 but it does not have the same properties as B6 in thalamic SN implying one or both utilize different receptorsmechanisms in this brain region | MEDAL |
to investigate the antitumor effects of cytosine deaminase cd gene in combination with prodrug flucytosine flu fluorocytosine on human hepatocellular carcinoma | MEDAL |
PR of two different oral contraceptive pills ocps in severe primary dysmenorrhoea pd was compared sixtysix nulliparous patients with severe pd requiring contraception were evaluated group comprised HCs patients with severe pd were divided into two groups patients in group were po oestradiol valeratedienogest and patients in group were administered ethinylestradioldrospirenone doppler indices of both uterine arteries left and right including systolicdiastolicrates sd pulsatility index pi and resistance index ri were measured and a VAS scale vas was applied to patients before treatment vas scores and doppler indices were repeated after months of ocp treatment and the changes in values were compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were similar the mean value of ri was significantly lower T3 therapy in groups and in the RA and left uterine arteries p and p respectively the clinical trial number was nct impact statement what is already known on this subject ocps are the most appropriate treatment option for pd there is no clear data about ocp containing dienogest for treatment in pd dienogest has been reported to be highly ERP in the treatment of EM and is also recommended as firstline therapy for pelvic painassociated EM what the results of this T0 add in this study although there was no superiority in PR between the treatment CG lower vas scores and lower ri values of uterine arteries were seen after treatment both ocps relieve pain in severe pd there was no serious adverse effect in the patients what the implications are of these findings for clinical practice andor further research estradiol valeratedienogest which is a routinely prescribed drug for heavy menstrual bleeding in women who desire oral contraception is as effective as ethinylestradioldrospirenone in PR | MEDAL |
despite the clinical impression that firstborn twins do better than secondborn twins recent reports have shown no difference in perinatal mortality between them in order to evaluate differences in twins more CS means than perinatal deaths are necessary this T0 examines differences between firstborn and secondborn twin pairs with respect to apgar score umbilical venous and ABG and acidbase data the umbilical venous and arterial blood po pco BD ph and LA concentration were measured in paired samples and compared with the paired t test and chi when applicable statistically significant differences favoring twin a the firstborn were found in minute apgar score umbilical venous ph po and pco and UA po the other AF in umbilical venous and arterial blood did not show statistically significant differences when these parameters were examined with respect to route of delivery monochorionic and dichorionic twins interval between twins and vertex twins only with the possible effects of malpresentation eliminated the results persistently favored the firstborn twin thus it is unequivocally demonstrated that there are substantial differences at birth favoring the first twin despite similar perinatal mortality for both the data suggest that the secondborn twin has potentially greater susceptibility to hypoxia and trauma | MEDAL |
to identify AF significantly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder ptsd anxiety and depression at months postinjury to develop a generic MM to predict the occurrence of ptsd anxiety and depression at months postinjury and to validate this model in a test data set of patients | MEDAL |
a rotenoneinsensitive nadh dehydrogenase has been isolated from the mitochondria of the procyclic form of african parasite Tb the active form of the purified enzyme appears to be a dimer consisting of two kda subunits with noncovalently bound fmn as a cofactor hypotonic treatment of IN mitochondria revealed that the ND is located in the inner membranematrix fraction facing the matrix the treatment of mitochondria with increasing concentrations of digitonin suggested that the ND is loosely bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane the nadhubiquinone reductase activity is insensitive to rotenone flavone or dicumarol however it was inhibited by diphenyl iodonium in a time and concentrationdependent manner maximum inhibition by diphenyl iodonium required preincubation with nadh to reduce the flavin more complete inhibition was obtained with the more hydrophobic electron acceptors such as q or q as compared to the more hydrophilic ones such as q or dichloroindophenol kinetic analysis of the enzyme indicated that the enzyme followed a pingpong mechanism the enzyme conducts a oneelectron transfer and can reduce molecular oxygen forming superoxide radical | MEDAL |
the cardioprotective effects of a novel antiinflammatory drug ono ono on ischemicreperfused myocardium were investigated using an in situ pig heart model heart was subjected to h of regional ischemia with the final h having superimposed global cardioplegic arrest followed by h of reperfusion ono microm was po after the arrest at the onset of reperfusion left ventricular developed pressure lvdp Vmax of left ventricular pressure lv dpdt and left VVI EDV pressure lvedp were measured under isovolumic conditions to assess dP/dt and compliance ono improved lvdp and lv dpdt and reduced lvedp after min of reperfusion compared to control this drug also improved segment shortening and enddiastolic length significantly after and min of reperfusion slight improvements in oxygen consumption and creatine kinase ck PR were also noted in addition ono reduced lipid peroxidation and thromboxane formation but enhanced the production of prostaglandins in vitro studied demonstrated ono to be ERP scavengers for both hydroxyl oh and hypohalite ocl radicals the results suggest that myocardial RI that developed after ICM arrest was reduced significantly by ono this drug inhibited such injury probably by directly scavenging potentially harmful radicals such as oh and oci which are generated in ischemicreperfused myocardium | MEDAL |
researchers who attempt to explain why paid employment is a source of psychological distress for some women must consider how a number of factors in the work and nonoccupational environments influence a womans reaction to employment outside the home we examined four aspects of the job that may be a source of distress for working women job dissatisfaction pay dissatisfaction commitment to the work role and full versus parttime employment of these pay dissatisfaction and commitment to the work role emerged as significant predictors of DS with regard to homerelated roles neither help with housework nor the presence of eled polypeptide mr the alphasubunit the binding of ialphabungarotoxin to achr was CR inhibited by affinityalkylation indicating that the human achrs binding site for alphabungarotoxin is closely associated with the alphasubunits acetylcholine IB site structures in the vicinity of the alphabungarotoxin binding sites of achrs from human muscle and torpedo electric organ were compared by varying the conditions of alkylation under optimal conditions of reduction and alkylation both human and torpedo achr incorporated bac in equivalence to the number of alphabungarotoxin IB CS however with limited conditions of reduction but sufficient bac to alkylate of the alphabungarotoxin IB CS of human achr only of the torpedo achrs binding sites were alkylated in optimal conditions of reduction but with the minimal concentration of bac that permitted alkylation of the human achrs alphabungarotoxin sites only of the torpedo achrs IB CS were alkylated these data suggest that the neurotransmitter IB region of human muscle achr is structurally dissimilar from that of torpedo EO having a higher binding affinity for bac and an adjacent disulfide bond that is more readily accessible to reducing agents | MEDAL |
searching for mutations in dna mismatch repair genes is important not only for presymptomatic diagnosis but also for documenting the spectrum of mutations among families carrying predispositions to hereditary nonpolyposis CC hnpcc we utilized an automated twodimensional dna typing system for mutational analysis of the hmlh gene and established optimal conditions for application of the technique to analysis of hmlh this approach enabled us to visualize spots covering all coding exons on a single gel and to envisage whether and where any mutations existed all mutations that we had detected previously by other means in a panel of hnpcc patients and in one patient with sporadic EC were also detectable by this method furthermore using the d system we screened the entire coding regions of the hmlh gene in dnas isolated from affected individuals belonging to two large hnpcc kindreds and four hnpcclike kindreds and from four patients with multiple primary cancers as well as eight sporadic colorectal cancers with replication error rerpositive phenotypes we detected novel germline mutations in one hnpcc proband and one sporadic colorectal CA with the rerpositive phenotype and one polymorphism in two hnpcclike kindreds this new diagnostic method is applicable to mutational analysis of any diseasecausing gene and it offers a major improvement over current approaches | MEDAL |
it was shown by magnitude estimation that the perception of causality first described by michotte also occurs consistently and strongly with stroboscopic ie apparent or phi movement this is so when the causal movement is stroboscopic and the caused movement real when these movements are reversed and when both movements are stroboscopic the effect is not due to prior experience with michottetype displays | MEDAL |
to investigate the effects of scutellaria barbata extract esb in suppressing RT growth and modulating the immune functions in mice bearing tumors derived from hepatocarcinoma h cells | MEDAL |
five bacteria isolated from earthworm viscera and identified as brevibacillus agri bacillus cereus bacillus licheniformis and brevibacillus parabrevis by s rrna sequencing were employed in the conversion of fish wastes generated from a restaurant specializing in sliced raw fish into fertilizer within h after inoculation of autoclaved fish waste with x cfu ml mixed isolates the amount of dry sludge decreased from to g the ph changed from to and the cell number reached x cfu ml analyses of an h culture of inoculated fish waste indicated low phytotoxicity in a seed germination test an CAA content of g g a low concentration of heavy metals pb as cd hg cr cu ni and zn and a npk level of therefore the converted fish waste has the potential for use as liquid fertilizer although the low npk level is a concern this is the first demonstration of the reutilization of fish wastes as a liquid fertilizer | MEDAL |
in AD mice administration of the anticonvulsive drug phenytoin caused focal swellings along the purkinje cell axon correlated with ataxia and incoordination of movements in our model we used murine cerebellar slice cultures to T0 the influence of phenytoin on PN purkinje cell axon differentiation almost all of our UT cultures developed to maturelike cerebellar tissue immunohistochemistry with anticalbindindk or uchti anticd antibodies revealed numerous purkinje cell axons in the VWM in the area of the DCN immunolabelled axons formed a large axonal plexus the few neurofilamentpositive SN in this area were densely covered with purkinje cell axon terminals the synaptophysin immunoreactivity revealed connections between the terminals and the SN of the DCN treatment of cerebellar slice cultures with phenytoin microm for days resulted in focal swellings of different size along the axon the number of swellings increased with an increasing dosage at concentrations of microm phenytoin purkinje cell axons seemed to be unable to invade the deep CN but numerous aberrant recurrent collaterals could be detected IHC with the two TPS purkinje cell antibodies possible cytotoxic effects after treatment such as dendritic degeneration and a decrease in the number of immunolabelled PCs were observed above microm phenytoin these data suggest that the response of juvenile purkinje cells is dependent upon the dosage of the antiepileptic drug because of morphological alterations as well as a misrouting of previously established connections | MEDAL |
in pancreatic betacells stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose and other nutrients requires metabolism of these nutrients to acetylcoa circumstantial evidence suggests that the conversion of acetylcoa to malonylcoa which is a powerful inhibitor for carnitine palmitoyltransferase and FAO leads to insulin exocytosis presumably by fatty acylcoa activation of certain SAC since acetylcoa carboxylase acc is the only enzyme which synthesizes malonylcoa we generated transfectants of ins cells which express AS acc mrna in order to unequivocally establish that acc is involved in glucoseinduced insulin secretion these cells showed lower acc mrna protein and enzymatic activity than those of the control cells insulin secretion induced by nutrients such as gl amino acids ketoisocaproate and fatty acids was diminished commensurate with the level of acc while kcl induced insulin secretion was not affected | MEDAL |
sulfonamide derivatives of chloroquine and primaquine were synthesised and evaluated against both paclitaxelsensitive and paclitaxelresistant mammarian cancer cell lines all derivatives exhibited at least mdr reversal activity when coadministered with paclitaxel at microm the best compound a chloroquine derivative exhibited mdr reversal activity when coadministered with paclitaxel at microm molecular modelling studies reveal that these derivatives share a common pharmacophore with taxane mdr reversal agents | MEDAL |
a patient with a large sliding hiatus hernia developed left side pneumothorax and PP following high inspiratory pressure | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to describe changes in hearing over time in patients with neurofibromatosis type nf treated conservatively a retrospective case review was conducted in a tertiary referral centre pure tone audiometry speech discrimination scores serviceable hearing american academy of otolaryngology class a or b and measurement of vestibular schwannoma vs size on magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated in patients ears with nf with at least one conservatively managed vs over a mean followup period of years range years pure tone average thresholds increased gradually with a mean annual rate of db for the RE p and db for the left ear p speech discrimination scores dropped with an average annual rate of and in the right and left ear respectively patients maintained serviceable hearing for an average of years range years the average annual vs growth was mm without any correlation with hearing loss there was a rho between patients age and pure tone threshold increase p for both ears in this selected population of patients with nf hearing threshold increases were very slow in nf patients with indolently behaving tumours serviceable hearing can be maintained for a significant length of time making conservative management an attractive option | MEDAL |
the effects of different thyroid states on glucagondbcampinduced gluconeogenesis from alanine or lactate were investigated in the isolated perfused liver from hr starved rats gluconeogenesis from alanine varied with the thyroid state being increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism both glucagon and dbcamp increased gl production from alanine in euthyroid and even less pronounced in hypothyroid livers the effect was dose dependent concomitantly alanine and c alphaaminoisobutyric acid uptake increased in hyperthyroid CL both glucagon and dbcamp stimulated neither hepatic uptake of alanine and c alphaaminoisobutyric acid nor gluconeogenesis from alanine lactate uptake as well as gl production from lactate varied with the thyroid state being increased in the hyper and decreased in the hypothyroid state both glucagon and dbcamp increased lactate uptake as well as gluconeogenesis from lactate the effect was even more pronounced in hyperthyroid and reduced in hypothyroid liver we conclude that the glucogenic effect of glucagondbcamp is reduced in the hypo andat unlimited substrate supplystimulated in the hyperthyroid liver | MEDAL |
to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of soft tissue augmentation with calcium hydroxylapatite caha microspational cholesterol education program AD treatment panel iii ncep definition metsyn was present in individuals although fmd was lower in those with versus without metsyn vs p this was not significant T3 adjusting for baseline differences age smoking and brachial i.a. diameter p however hss was significantly lower in those with versus without metsyn vs dynecm p and there was a significant inverse graded relationship with the number of ncep criteria present mean hss for those with and criteria dynecm p for trend the individual ncep criteria of ABD obesity systolic hypertension and impaired fasting glucose were independent predictors for hss in conclusion metsyn was not associated with impaired fmd alternatively hss a measure of microvascular CF was significantly lower in those with metsyn thus metsyn may contribute to cvd by causing microvascular dysfunction | MEDAL |
dronebased RS has evolved rapidly in recent years miniaturized hyperspectral imaging sensors are becoming more common as they provide more abundant information of the object compared to traditional cameras reflectance is a physically defined object property and therefore often preferred output of the remote sensing data capture to be used in the further processes absolute calibration of the sensor provides a possibility for PCS modelling of the imaging process and enables efficient procedures for reflectance correction our objective is to develop a method for direct reflectance measurements for dronebased remote sensing it is based on an imaging spectrometer and irradiance spectrometer this approach is highly attractive for many practical applications as it does not require in situ reflectance panels for converting the sensor radiance to ground reflectance factors we performed sitraceable spectral and radiance calibration of a tuneable fabrypeacuterot interferometer based fpi hyperspectral camera at the national physical laboratory npl teddington uk the camera represents novel technology by collecting d format hyperspectral image cubes using time sequential spectral scanning principle the radiance accuracy of different channels varied between ± when evaluated using independent test data and linearity of the camera response was on average the spectral response calibration showed side peaks on several channels that were due to the multiple orders of interference of the fpi the dronebased direct reflectance measurement system showed promising results with imagery collected over wytham forest oxford uk | MEDAL |
inpatients with nonbipolar psychotic L1 depression n had significantly lower hamilton rating scale scores at discharge and a significantly greater number of weeks back to their normal selves during a month followup than did patients with nonpsychotic major depression n while both baseline severity and the receipt of electroconvulsive therapy distinguished these CG neither accounted for the outcome differences noted severity ratings at discharge were clearly more predictive of followup course in psychotic patients than they were in nonpsychotic patients moreover patients with psychotic depression had clearer outcomes in that their average followup weeks were more likely to involve either full syndromes or a CR absence of depressive PS this finding if replicated may account in part for the lack of consensus on the prognostic significance of psychotic depression | MEDAL |
parenteral nutrition pn is a FF mode suitable for children that do not achieve requirements via the enteral route for this intervention to be successful healthcare professionals require knowledge on nutrient requirements access to an aseptic compounding facility and a system that ensures adequate and safe delivery of pn previously it was thought that individualised pn was the gold standard for delivering nutrients to children however studies have highlighted concerns regarding inadequate delivery of nutrients prescribing and compounding PE we therefore set out to develop and implement allinone aio paediatric pn solutions through a systematic RPA four aio pn solutions were developed birthtwo months of age ped two months kg ped kg ped and kg ped we implemented them with the help of a teaching pack over a one month time period and reviewed usage at six months at that time five children initially received standard pn without electrolyte changes but T3 a few days elecapacity and bias secondary analyses examined associations between oxt and inflammation we found significant correlations between oxt and social cognitive bias in the control group and in patients with delusions but not in patients without delusions social cognitive capacity only correlated significantly with oxt in patients with delusions a correlation between oxt and inflammation was observed only in patients without delusions findings suggest that oxt may be implicated in social cognition both in controls and in patients with delusions but that this association may be blunted in patients without delusions inflammation appears to be related to oxt rather independently of social cognition future longitudinal and intervention studies with oxt are needed to clarify causality in the identified associations | MEDAL |
recombinant rat gliaderived nexin was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus system the kinetics for the inhibition of thrombin by this recombinant material were indistinguishable from those observed with NK gliaderived nexin and recombinant nexin expressed in yeast in addition the dependence of the rate of inactivation on the concentration of heparin was similar for the three preparations at the optimal heparin concentration the association rate constant was fold higher than that observed in the absence of heparin a putative heparinbinding site is found in gliaderived nexin between residues and heparinbinding sites are found in homologous regions of antithrombin iii and heparin cofactor ii lysines in this region were mutated to glutamates and the kinetics for the inhibition of thrombin by mutant proteins were determined concurrent mutation of all seven lysines in this region residues and did not affect the rate constant for the association of GDN with thrombin in the absence of heparin but it resulted in complete loss of the heparin acceleration of the rate of association mutations of residues and together also caused a marked decrease in the acceleration by heparin of the reaction between gliaderived nexin and thrombin these results support the hypothesis that the heparinbinding sites of gliaderived nexin AT iii and heparin cofactor ii are found in rat regions of the molecules heparin was also found to potentiate the ability of wildtype gliaderived nexin to inhibit the thrombininduced retraction of neurites from neuroblastoma nba cellsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
many studies have been conducted on tissue stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine and cultured dental pulp mesenchymal cells have been reported to secrete dentin matrix in the present T0 we used alginate as a scaffold to transplant subcultured rat dentalpulpderived cells subcutaneously into the back of nude mice we found that when betaglycerophosphate was added to the SC medium the mrna of the dentin sialophosphoprotein dspp gene coding dentin sialoprotein dsp and dentin phosphoprotein dpp was expressed and an increase in alkaline phosphatase an early marker of odontoblast differentiation was also demonstrated six weeks after implantation subcutaneous formation of radiopaque calcified bodies was observed in situ immunohistochemical and fine structure studies identified expression of type i collagen type iii collagen and dsp in the mineralizing transplants and isolated odontoblastlike cells began to form dentinlike hard tissue formation scattered autolyzing AI cells were also observed in the transplants the study showed that subcultured rat dentalpulpderived cells actively differentiate into odontoblastlike cells and induce calcification in an alginate scaffold | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was the fabrication and characterization of biomembranes by the phase inversion pi method followed by their subsequent casting onto screenprinted electrodes spe for biomedical applications the combination of multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwcnt as a transducer with polysulfone psf CP enables easy incorporation of biological moieties hormones or antibodies providing a d composite with high EC response to corresponding analytes antibodymwcntpsf biosensors were characterized by confocal scanning laser microscopy cslm scanning electron microscopy sem and EC methods for biomedical purposes human chorionic gonadotropin hcg hormone was tested by competitive immunoassay the detection limit was determined to be miuml with a linear range up to miuml we concluded that the easy and fast incorporation of biomolecules by the pi method as well as their stability and CSD throughout the d polysulfone composite are testament to the utility for the versatile fabrication of biosensors for clinical diagnosis | MEDAL |
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