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GNB recycle as much as half of their cell wall per generation here we show that interference with cell wall recycling in pseudomonas aeruginosa strains results in four to eightfold increased susceptibility to the antibiotic fosfomycin pushing the MICs for strains pa and pa to therapeutically AGA values of and mgl respectively a newly discovered metabolic pathway that connects cell wall recycling with peptidoglycan de novo biosynthesis is responsible for the high intrinsic resistance of p aeruginosa to FOM the pathway comprises an anomeric cell wall amino sugar kinase amgk and an uridylyl transferase muru which together convert nacetylmuramic acid murnac through murnac αphosphate to uridine diphosphate udpmurnac thereby bypassing the fosfomycinsensitive de novo synthesis of udpmurnac thus inhibition of peptidoglycan recycling can be applied as a new strategy for the combinatory therapy against multidrugresistant p aeruginosa strains | MEDAL |
this animal study evaluated the radioprotective effects of NAC nac and AMI on the biomechanical properties of bone in wistar albino rats of both genders the rats were randomly divided into four CG of eight a control group c a group given a single dose of gy of γirradiation r a group given γirradiation plus mgkg amifostine r amifostine and a group given γirradiation plus mgkg nac r nac extrinsic and intrinsic properties of bone bone mineral density bmd and the crosssectional area of the FS were determined the crosssectional area was significantly higher in the r nac and r amifostine CG compared with the r and c CG the bmd maximum load and stiffness were also significantly higher in the r nac and r AMI groups than in the r group and SE absorption capacity was higher in the r nac group than in the r group these findings indicate that nac and amifostine preserve bone SQ in rats exposed to γirradiation | MEDAL |
animal models and clinical studies suggest a mechanistic link between the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ppv and a cardiovascular protective effect however conflicting results exist from several C1 observational studies in humans we set out to systematically review current literature and conduct metaanalyses of studies on ppv and cardiovascular outcomes medline embase and central were searched for randomised controlled trials rcts and observational studies in adults using ppv as the intervention up to april studies that compared ppv with a control another vaccine no vaccine or PL and recorded ischaemic events were included in this review two investigators extracted data independently on study design baseline characteristics and summary outcomes study quality was examined using the newcastleottawa SQ assessment scale pooled estimates using random effects models and their cis were calculated separately for the outcomes of acute coronary syndrome acs events and stroke no rct data were available a total of patients were included in eight observational studies and recorded as acs events ppv was associated with significantly lower odds of acs events in patients years and older pooled or ci to i however there was no significant difference in acs events when younger people were included pooled or ci to i pooling of four studies covering a total of patients did not find a significantly reduced risk of stroke in all patients pooled or ci to i or when restricted to those years and older pooled or ci to i in this metaanalysis of observational studies the use of ppv was associated with a significantly lower risk of acs events in the older population but not stroke an adequately powered and blinded rct to confirm these findings is warranted | MEDAL |
all organisms inhabit a world full of sensory stimuli that determine their behavioral and physiological response to their environment olfaction is especially important in insects which use their olfactory systems to respond to and discriminate amongst complex odor stimuli these odors elicit behaviors that mediate processes such as reproduction and habitat selection additionally chemical sensing by insects mediates behaviors that are highly significant for agriculture and human health including pollination herbivory of food crops and transmission of disease identification of olfactory signals and their role in insect SMB is thus important for understanding both ecological processes and human food resources and wellbeing to date the identification of volatiles that drive insect SMB has been difficult and often tedious current techniques include gas chromatographycoupled electroantennogram recording gceag and gas chromatographycoupled single sensillum recordings gcssr these techniques proved to be vital in the ID of bioactive compounds we have developed a method that uses gas chromatography coupled to multichannel EP recordings termed gcmr from neurons in the antennal lobe al the insects primary olfactory center this stateoftheart technique allows us to probe how odor information is represented in the insect BB moreover because neural responses to odors at this level of olfactory processing are highly CS owing to the degree of convergence of the antennas receptor SN into al neurons al recordings will allow the detection of active constituents of NK odors efficiently and with high sensitivity here we describe gcmr and give an example of its use several general steps are involved in the detection of bioactive volatiles and insect response volatiles first need to be collected from sources of interest in this example we use flowers from the genus mimulus phyrmaceae and characterized as needed using standard gcms techniques insects are prepared for study using minimal dissection T3 which a recording electrode is inserted into the AL and multichannel neural recording begins postprocessing of the neural data then reveals which particular odorants cause significant neural responses by the insect nervous system although the example we present here is specific to pollination studies gcmr can be expanded to a wide range of study organisms and volatile sources for instance this method can be used in the ID of odorants attracting or repelling vector insects and crop pests moreover gcmr can also be used to identify attractants for beneficial insects such as pollinators the technique may be expanded to noninsect subjects as well | MEDAL |
we report herein the identification of a novel member of the MDA-LDL receptor ldlr family termed ldlrrelated protein lrp murine lrp cdna encodes a AA type ii membranelike protein with eight ligandbinding repeats in two clusters SB analysis of genomic dna from several different organisms suggests the presence of lrp homologues in chicken lacking the gene encoding apolipoprotein e which is recognized by the ligandbinding repeats of ldlr lrp transcripts were detected almost exclusively in HR in mouse and humans despite the presence of the ligandbinding repeats cos cells transfected with lrp did not show surfacebinding of betamigrating verylowdensity lipoprotein suggesting that lrp plays a role in a pathway other than lipoprotein metabolism | MEDAL |
in order to determine the BC of parental broilers during growth from hatching to adulthood wk of age we evaluated the kinetics of fattening growth rate reproduction parameters and body composition of the animals by using noninvasive tools such as medical imaging ultrasound and ct scan and blood sample analysis the use of ct scanner allowed us to monitor the OD of the BC fatness bone muscle ovary and testis growth of these same animals these analyses were accompanied by biochemical blood analyses such as steroids metabolites and some adipokines concentration difference in the body composition between males and females appeared at wk of age from wk of age shortly before the ON of lay the females had fold more adipose tissues than males p and foldthe most sufficient areas for deploying new air SQ monitoring stations this T0 provided an integration of hybrid multicriteria decisionmaking mcdm theories and geographical NIS gis processes in order to determine suitable Az to establish air SQ monitoring stations unlike traditional models the proposed mcdm method anpowa is an efficient decision analysis which considers dependencies between criteria and defines different scenarios between pessimistic and optimistic conditions for decision makers this method was applied to several parameters such as point area and L1 sources population density sensitive receptors distance from current air SQ stations prediction error and spatial distribution of co no | MEDAL |
a structureactivity relationship T0 of substituted benzohydroxamic acids that inhibit ribonucleotide reductase was undertaken to discern the structural features of the molecule contributing to the inhibitory potency of these EDC an equation containing three molecular connectivity indexes but not including hammett sigma values was developed which gives close correlation with observed values for ribonucleotide reductase inhibition it is postulated that the GABA potency involves two parts of the benzohydroxamic acid molecule one is the hydroxamic portion which complexes with the metal component of the enzyme providing a qualitative effect the other is an interaction involving the BZ ring and its substituents and may provide the quantitative aspect of the observed inhibition values | MEDAL |
the characteristics of the photoplethysmography ppg PP signal are body site TPS with pulses from the various peripheral sites showing differences in PP transit time strength and shape and R2 of each over time the aim of this study was to determine the similarity in the rightleft pulse characteristics for a group of normal subjects with pulses obtained simultaneously from six IP CS cars thumbs and big toes a multisite photoplethysmography pulse measurement and analysis system is described and comprised six sets of pulse probes and amplifiers arranged and electronically matched in pairs for the right and left side comparisons two sets of data were collected firstly a set of validation data to test the electronic matching of right left channels and secondly a set of physiological data for pulses from normal subjects the righttoleft side similarity in PP waveform shape at the three segmental C2 ears thumbs and toes was assessed using two types of analysis root mean square error rmse providing a measure of differences and cross rho analysis providing a measure of the degree of similarity very low C2 of rmse and correlation coefficients close to unity were obtained for the system validation data demonstrating good rightleft channel matching the rmse was an order of magnitude lower than that calculated for the normative physiological data where median rmse C2 were between and relative to a peaktopeak PA of unity the median correlation coefficients were greater than for all three segmental C2 studied with the maximum values approaching those of the validation data we have shown that pulses from the RA and left sides of normal subjects are highly correlated at each segmental level we have obtained a normative range of pulse data with which TPS V1 patient CG can be compared | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to examine the psychiatric characteristics of children with PWS syndrome in korea focusing particularly on their behavioral problems and obsessivecompulsive spectrum symptoms fourteen patients with PWS syndrome together with their parents underwent a psychiatric interview and parent questionnaire consisting of a child ABC twentyfour patients with mental retardation and normal students were selected as control CG compared with the normal control group the rates of inclusion in the clinical range and the mean scores with regard to social problems thought problems attention problems delinquent SMB aggressive behavior externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher p in the PWS group according to the results of the child ABC compared with the mental retardation group there was a statistically significant p difference in the delinquent behavior profile comparing selected child behavior checklist items related to obsessivecompulsive spectrum symptoms the praderwilli syndrome group showed significantly more p compulsion skin picking and stealing than the mental retardation or normal control groups these findings suggest that children with PWS in korea have manycapsules microspheres made with alginate were divided into groups that were first coated with either plo or pll followed by a second coating with alginate T3 liquefaction of the inner alginate core with sodium citrate the microcapsules were washed with saline and used for experiments pore size exclusion studies were performed with fitclabeled lectins incubated with encapsulated pig islets followed by examination for fluorescence activity mechanical strength was assessed by an OP test and by h of mechanical agitation of microcapsules with inert soda lime beads the pore size exclusion limit of microcapsules after min of coating was significantly smaller with plo while the mean sem diameter of pllcoated microcapsules increased from to microm p during days incubation at degrees c the plo group did not NC in size also pll group had a higher percentage of broken capsules compared to for plo capsules p n we conclude that plocoated alginate microcapsules are mechanically stronger and provide better permselectivity than pllcoated microcapsules | MEDAL |
the majority of patients in pain clinics are treated for muscle pain yet methods to study it in animals are relatively weak compared to methods to study skin pain here we describe an in vitro musclenerve preparation and model of muscle ischemia and contractile fatigue in mice timed muscle contraction is electrically evoked while single unit activity of muscle sensory SN and muscle contractile force are simultaneously recorded the muscle is placed in a small ml chamber where oxygen levels can be manipulated drugs can be applied and the extracellular milieu can be highly controlled we demonstrate that we can record from sensory afferents that have the properties expected of ICM nociceptors this method serves for studying the neuronal and molecular mechanisms underlying ICM pains such as angina IC and sickle cell crisis | MEDAL |
recurrent stenosis T3 carotid endarterectomy cea is often regarded as an optimal application of carotid artery angioplasty and stenting cas the D2 durability of cas for recurrent CAS T3 cea is unknown we present the intermediateterm surveillance results for all eight cas procedures performed over a month period at a single tertiary referral center | MEDAL |
au nanoporous films npfs with different surface modification and morphology were fabricated and utilized as substrates for the analysis of a series of EDC including amino acids drug cyclodextrins MMP and polyethylene glycols using surfaceassisted LDI timeofflight mass spectrometry salditof ms it was found that the size and interconnection state of the npf AL as well as the surface modification are key parameters that affect the LDI performance compared with dihydroxybenzoic acid pristine npf and aminobenzenethiol or mercaptopropanoic acid modified au npfs cysteine modified au npf generated intense and backgroundsuppressing mass spectra regarding the effect of au npf morphology the au npf with nanopores in the range of nm ligament size of nm and electrochemistry surface area of mg exhibited the highest performance as a substrate this highperformance npfs can be easily fabricated by capping agent replacement induced selforganization of ultrathin nanowires followed by selfassembling of a ML sam of cysteine the good thermalelectroconductivity and uniformity of au npfs avoided the fragmentation of analytes eliminated the intrinsic matrix ions interference and provided good reproducibility rsd ⤠additionally the fabricated npfs can be easy divided into microarrays a à array from a cm à cm npf this work provides a simple and costeffective route for acquiring an au nanostructure as a saldi ATP which offers a new technique for highspeed analysis of lowmolecular weight compounds | MEDAL |
pkr the dsDNA rna dsrnaactivated serinethreonine kinase has been implicated as an important component of host responses to infection and various situations of cellular AS the involvement of pkr in signal transduction and regulation of transcription suggested to us that it may play an important role in lipopolysaccharide lpsinduced activation of stat in rat brain immune cells we found that lps rapidly stimulated the phosphorylation of pkr within min followed by phosphorylation of stat at h in rat primary microglia and astrocyte using aminopurine ap a pharmacological inhibitor of pkr and pkrspecific si rna sirna we demonstrated that activation of pkr was essential for lpsinduced activation of stat inhibition of pkr activity by ap resulted in suppression not only of stat phosphorylation but also of nuclear factors CBA to gasisre elements ap also significantly suppressed the downstream events of lpsstimulated stat phosphorylation including statmediated transcriptional responses and generation of nitric oxide a hallmark of brain inflammation consistent with these results transfection of pkrspecific sirna markedly attenuated all the stat dependent inflammatory signaling responses tested we further revealed that activation of pkr by lps led to the induction of ifnbeta through activation of nfkappab triggering the phosphorylation of stat in rat BB glial cells taken together these findings indicate that pkr functions as an essential modulator in lpsinduced stat inflammatory signaling events and provides new insight into endotoxininduced cns diseases following infection | MEDAL |
two tests of the behavioral specificity of the anorectic effects of amphetamine am and PPA ppa were done intraperitoneal i.v. of each drug reduced the size of condensed milk test meals in min pelletdeprived rats the DR relations in semilog coordinates were linear and parallel but am ed mumolkg was about ten times more potent than ppa ed mumolkg periprandial behaviors were observed using a timesampling technique both am and ppa disrupted the normal behavioral sequence of postprandial satiety throughout their anorectic ranges but they did so differently am increased postprandial exploratory behavior decreased or eliminated resting and at larger doses elicited stereotypy in contrast ppa inhibited both grooming and exploration and increased resting the drugs effects on water intake were tested in hr waterdeprived rats ams adipsic effect ed mumolkg was similar to its anorectic effect ppa also inhibited drinking although slightly less potently ed mumolkg than it did FF thus under conditions maximizing the anorectic potencies of systemically administered am and ppa in rats both drugs inhibited FF nonspecifically rather than by eliciting normal postprandial satiety | MEDAL |
temporal R2 in the motor CF of FPD pd patients suggests the potential importance of a chronobiological and chronopharmacological approach in its clinical management we previously documented the effects of striatal i.t. of ohda as an rat of pd on the circadian rhythms of temperature t heart rate hr and locomotor activity a the present work assessed the possible influence of ldopa on these same rhythms in the ohda rat of pd the T0 began T3 a fourweek REC period following surgical implantation of telemetric devices to monitor the T0 variables andor anaesthesia the T0 was divided into an initial oneweek control period w for baseline measurement of t hr and a rhythms thereafter stereotaxic ohda lesioning was done and a second monitoring for two weeks followed w w rats were then randomly divided into two CG eight control rats received via a miniosmotic pump implanted subcutaneously the excipient saline the other eight rats received ldopa mgkg scday T3 a sevenday period w the pumps were removed and the t hr and a rhythms were monitored for two weeks w and w to control for ohda striatal dopamineinduced depletion other rats were injected by MZ methods eight rats with ohda and four controls with saline and sacrificed at w w and w for dopamine striatal content determination to verify the delivery of levodopa from the osmotic pumps plasma C2 of LD and its main metabolites omd dopac and hva were determined on separate group of rats receiving the drug under the same exp conditions osmotic pumps delivering continuously microlh for seven days mgkgsubcutaneously our results agree with previously reported rhythmic changes induced by ohdaloss of circadian rhythmicity or changes in the main parameters of the registered rhythms when circadian rhythmicity was abolished ldopa treatment improved or accelerated REC of the circadian rhythms the effect being more pronounced for the hr rhythm when circadian rhythms were not abolished but perturbed LD treatment did not improve the ohdainduced changes in the t and a mesor h mean level while a significant effect was observed for hr it appears that constantrate ldopa infusion is unable to totally balance dopamine SD taking into account the circadian pattern of many structures implicated in drug effect a sinusoidal delivery of ldopa must be evaluated in future experiments | MEDAL |
while the fungal SE assessment was based on the determination of fungal propagules for a long time recent progress has led to the OD of methodology for other fungal agents eg the fungal cell wall components metabolites and allergens that may be responsible for health effects caused by fungrvival of AA recipients in comparison with fully matched tumorhost balbc SP cells an efficient gvt reaction was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo with mihcmismatched dba splenocytes from mice presensitized by multiple injections of irradiated RT or balbcderived spleen cells all mice adoptively inoculated with lung cells from primary hosts that had previously been treated with these presensitized effector cells were RT free for days secondary recipients inoculated with lung cells from mice given naive balbc or dba spleen cells died of metastatic tumors within to days these results suggest that preimmunized donor cells represent an ERP tool against M1 disease hence the next goal should be to control graftversushost disease while exploiting the gvt potential | MEDAL |
the personality profile of adult migraine patients from a C1 swedish family with migraine and controls were studied by means of cloningers sevenfactor MM of temperament and character tci temperament and character inventory for the diagnosis of migraine a questionnaire slightly modified to fit the criteria according to the ad hoc EC on the classification of headaches of the international HA society was used the tci assesses four dimensions of temperament including noveltyseeking ns harm avoidance ha reward dependence rd and persistence p and 3D of character including selfdirectedness sd cooperativeness c and ST st psychiatric morbidity did not differ between this family and the GP one migraine patient had double depression dysthymia and recurrent depression and one had a personality disorder no significant difference could be found in the higher order dimensions of temperament ns ha rd and p and character sd c and st between migraine patients and controls however on the subscale level ns showed a slightly higher average in ns exploratory excitability and a significantly higher p average in ns impulsivity in migraine patients compared to controls somatic anxiety has been shown to be positively correlated with ns and especially impulsivity our results showed a tendency of this personality profile and may suggest an association between migraine and somatic anxiety | MEDAL |
the cause of impaired healing in chronic leg ulcers is not known however recent attempts to modify the healing process have focused on adding growth AF to stimulate healing and have failed to produce dramatic improvements in healing this T0 used a unique MM of chronic wound healing in humans to obtain wound fluid samples from chronic venous leg ulcers that had changed from a nonhealing to a healing phase these samples were used to assess cytokine and growth factor C2 and mitogenic activity in these nonhealing and healing chronic wounds the Th1 cytokines interleukin interleukin and tumor necrosis factoralphawere found to be present in significantly higher concentrations in wound fluid from nonhealing compared to healing leg ulcers there were detectable C2 but no significant change in the levels of PLT derived growth factor epidermal growth factor basic FB growth factor or transforming growth factorbetaas ulcers healed wound fluid was added to fibroblasts in vitro to assess mitogenic activity there was a significantly greater proliferative response to healing WF samples compared to nonhealing samples these results suggest that healing may be impaired by inflammatory mediators rather than inhibited by a deficiency of growth factors in these chronic wounds | MEDAL |
myocytes have been regarded as the main objectives in most cardiac modeling studies and attracted a lot of attention connective tissue cells such as fibroblasts fbs also play crucial role in cardiac CF this study proposed an integrated myocytei sacfb electromechanical MM to investigate the effect of fbs and stretch activated ion channel current i sac on cardiac electrical excitation conduction and mechanical contraction at the cellular level an AS fb model was coupled with a human atrial myocyte electrophysiological MM including i sac and a mechanical model at the tissue level electrical excitation conduction was coupled with an elastic mechanical model in which finite difference method fdm was used to solve the electrical excitation equations while FEM fem was used for the mechanics equations the simulation results showed that fbs and i sac coupling caused diverse effects on action potential morphology during repolarization depolarized the resting membrane potential of the human atrial myocyte slowed down wave propagation and decreased strains in fibrotic tissue this preliminary simulation T0 indicates that fbs and i sac have important implications for modulating cardiac electromechanical behavior and should be considered in future cardiac modeling studies | MEDAL |
the rat mitochondrial atp synthase also as known as mitochondrial respiratory chain complex v is a C1 protein complex located in the mitochondrial IM where it catalyzes atp synthesis from adp pi and mg at the expense of an electrochemical gradient of protons generated by the ETC complex v is composed of PET domains f and f the clinical features of patients are significantly heterogeneous depending on the involved organs most patients with complex v deficiency had clinical ON in the neonatal period with severe brain damage or multiorgan failure resulting in a high mortality neuromuscular disorders cardiomyopathy LA and methylglutaconic aciduria are common findings complex v consists of subunits encoded by both mitochondrial dna and nuclear dna on mtatp mtatp atpaf tmem and atpe gene of mitochondrial dna many mutations associated with complex v deficiency have been identified here the pathology clinical features diagnosis treatment and molecular genetics of complex v deficiency were summarized | MEDAL |
tibial spine fracture is one of the clinical entities of anterior cruciate AL injury and sometimes is accompanied by concomitant injuries the purpose of this study was to review magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with tibial spine fractures and to assess the use of these findings in determining the presence of concomitant injuries of these patients were children and were considered adults average age years old a radiologist retrospectively assessed tibial spine fractures and concomitant injuries such as meniscus and ligament injuries comparing the pediatric and adult groups all additional ligament injuries were confirmed in the adult group in the pediatric group only one patient with a chronic injury had meniscus injuries there were no meniscus tears in pediatric patients with acute injuries in the adult group three medial meniscus tears were found in two patients with chronic injuries and one patient with acute injury and four lateral meniscus tears were found in one patient with a chronic injury and three patients with acute injuries because tibial spine fractures in adults may be accompanied by concomitant injuries requiring surgical treatment magnetic resonance imaging is recommended | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate the MD pharmacokinetic of scopolamine in plasma olfactory bulb and vestibule T3 intranasal administration the pharmacokinetic T0 of subcutaneous and p.o. was also performed in rats from the in vivo results scopolamine intranasal administration can avoid hepatic FP effect tmax plasma samples after intranasal administration were significantly faster than oral administration and subcutaneous injection the relative bioavailability of intranasal administrations was when compared with subcutaneous i.t. moreover one can see that in comparison with scopolamine subcutaneous administration scopolamine intranasal gel and solutions can increased drug target index dti with olfactory bulb and vestibule and respectively the results indicated that scopolamine can be absorbed directly through the olfactory mucosa into the olfactory bulb and then transported to various BB tissue after intranasal administration with the characteristics of brain drug delivery | MEDAL |
biodegradable shapememory CP networks prepared by crosslinking star shape branched oligoεcaprolactone bocl with hexamethylene diisocyanate are introduced the thermal and mechanical properties of these networks were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing respectively and the morphology of the phase structure was characterized by polarized optical microscopy the shapememory properties of the networks were quantified using thermomechanical tensile experiments and showed CS fixity rates rf higher than and strain REC rates rr as high as of note networks of ocl segments with a lower degree of polymerization dp exhibited significantly improved temperaturesensitive shape REC of the permanent shape was recovered upon heating to within a °c range °c the networks exhibited CR shape recovery to the permanent shape within s at °c theophyllineloaded and wt shapememory materials prepared by crosslinking bocl with hexamethylene diisocyanate in the presence of theophylline are also described as a model for a controlled drug PR device the wt loaded material was sufficiently soft and flexible for complex shape transformation and also showed high rf and rr sustained PR of loaded theophylline was achieved over month without initial burstrelease in a PBS pbs ph at °c | MEDAL |
somatostatin analogues effectively control flushing and diarrhoea in patients with the carcinoid syndrome the octapeptide lanreotide is available in slow PR form which could eliminate the necessity of twice a day injections as with octreotide | MEDAL |
chloraloseurethaneanaesthetized wistar rats and strokeprone SH rats shrsp were prepared for measuring renal CF bilateral brachial nerve stimulation for min at hz v ms increased blood pressure from to mmhg p in wistar rats and from to mmhg p in shrsp renal perfusion pressure was mechanically regulated at prestimulus C2 but RBF ml min g in wistar rats and ml min g in shrsp and glomerular filtration rate ml min g in WR and ml min g in shrsp decreased between and p during brachial nerve stimulation urine flow microliters min g and absolute and fractional sodium excretion mumol min g and decreased by in the WR p and the responses were unaffected by vagotomy or CSD in the shrsp urine flow rate microliters min g and absolute and fractional sodium excretion mumol min g and decreased by p decreases which were significantly p smaller than those observed in the wistar rats moreover the responses were some larger in the vagotomized and carotid sinusdenervated shrsp the influence of vagal and CSN afferent nerves on the somatosensoryinduced renal responses in the wistar rats was small whereas in the shrsp they appeared to exert a marked tonic GABA effect it is concluded that there is excessive baroreceptor restraint on neural regulation of renal function in the shrsp | MEDAL |
in permanent temporomandibular discually observed including tufting in micropapillary in cribriform in and flat in the mean volume of pin was cm range cm pin was usually multicentric with a mean number of pin foci of range ninetyfour percent of pin foci were located within mm of invasive cancer there was no rho between pin and pathologic stage surgical margin tumor size dna ploidy postrt gleason score time interval from rt to biopsyproven recurrence postoperative prostatespecific antigen level distant metastasisfree survival or CSS our examination of salvage radical prostatectomy specimens indicated that the prevalence and extent of pin appeared to be reduced after rt compared to published studies of prostatectomies without prior rt | MEDAL |
genetic polymorphism of carcinogenmetabolizing enzymes is one of the important aspects of the genetic susceptibility to CA the enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism include mainly alcohol dehydrogenaseadh aldehyde dehydrogenasealdh and cytochrome p ecype which all appear to be polymorphic several recent studies show that the genetic polymorphisms of alcoholmetabolizing enzymes are associated with some cancers such as CL CA stomach cancer and EC but there are also the inconsistent results | MEDAL |
we present a new method for tracking human pose by employing maxmargin markov models representing a human body by partbased models such as pictorial structure the problem of pose tracking can be modeled by a discrete markov random field considering maxmargin markov networks provide an efficient way to deal with both structured data and strong generalization guarantees it is thus NK to learn the MM parameters using the maxmargin technique since tracking human pose needs to couple limbs in adjacent frames the model will introduce loops and will be intractable for learning and inference previous work has resorted to pose estimation methods which discard temporal information by parsing frames individually alternatively approximate inference strategies have been used which can overfit to statistics of a particular data set thus the performance and generalization of these methods are limited in this paper we approximate the full MM by introducing an ensemble of two treestructured submodels markov networks for spatial parsing and markov chains for temporal parsing both models can be trained jointly using the maxmargin technique and an iterative parsing process is proposed to achieve the ensemble inference we apply our model on three challengeable data sets which contains highly varied and articulated poses comprehensivn component of the statement validity assessment sva which is the most frequently used RPA in this setting this study investigated the interrater reliability irr of cbca in a forensic context three independent raters evaluated the transcripts of statements of sexual abuse irr was calculated for each criterion total score and overall DUE the irr was VL for the criteria with several being unsatisfactory but high irr was found for the total cbca scores kendalls w and for overall evaluation kendalls w despite some shortcomings sva remains a robust method to be used in the comprehensive evaluation of childrens statements of sexual abuse in the forensic setting however the low irr of some cbca criteria could justify some technical improvements | MEDAL |
uncertainty exists concerning the key AF contributing to campylobacter colonization of poultry especially the possible role of vertical transmission from breeder hens to young birds a longitudinal T0 of campylobacter colonization was performed in two sibling pairs of turkey flocks four flocks total each pair of sibling flocks shared breeder hen populations and was obtained from the same hatchery one flock of each pair was grown on a commercial farm and the other was grown in an instructional demonstration unit teaching animal unit tau flocks were located within a mi km radius the time of placement feed formulations stocking density and GA husbandry were the same for both flocks and each flock was processed at a commercial processing plant following standard feed withdrawal and transport protocols both flocks grown on the commercial farms became colonized with campylobacter between weeks and and remained colonized until processing between and of isolates were campylobacter coli and the remainder were campylobacter jejuni in contrast neither c coli nor c jejuni were isolated from either of the tau flocks at any time during the production cycle none of the fla types of campylobacter from the breeders that provided poults to one of the commercial flocks matched those from the progeny these results failed to provide evidence for vertical transmission and indicate that this type of transmission either did not occur or was not sufficient to render the tau turkey flocks campylobacter positive management practices such as proper litter maintenance controlled traffic between the tau farm and other turkey flocks and other less welldefined aspects of turkey production were likely responsible for the absence of campylobacter in the tau flocks before harvest | MEDAL |
naca exchange has been identified as a mechanism for regulation of intracellular ca ion concentration cai in neurons of invertebrates and vertebrates but for rat CE neurons its role in restoration of resting cai T3 transient increases induced by stimulation has been less clear we have examined the REC of cai following k depolarization and glutamate receptor activation of cultured mouse HPC neurons using the casensitive dye fura reduction of the transmembrane na gradient by removal of external na slowed the recovery of neurons from imposed ca loads we observed that cai regulation was disrupted more severely when nmethyldglucamine nmg tris or choline rather than li replaced external na additional disruption of intracellular ph regulation by substitutes other than li may account for this difference measurement of cai and hi using the hsensitive dye bcecf during glu receptor activation indicated that ca influx resulted in production of intracellular h and that li but not nmg could prevent cytoplasmic acidification on removal of [Na+]o we also observed that intracellular acidification alone was sufficient to slow REC from ca load we conclude therefore that naca exchange contributes to REC of cai after stimulation leading to ca entry into hippocampal SN and that nah exchange limits the acidification and AA increase in cai that accompanies ca influx we suggest that because both naca and nah exchangers will be compromised during ischemia and hypoglycemia increased intracellular h may synergize with cytoplasmic ca to potentiate excitotoxic neuronal death | MEDAL |
the activity of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh munits spermatozoa mean sem n in spermatozoa from the rat epididymis declined from in the caput to in the corpus region but there was no further decrease in the cauda region in hamsters n gapdh activity in spermatozoa declined from in the caput to in the distal cauda epididymidis with the greatest decrease between the corpus and proximal cauda regions in guineapigs n gapdh activity in spermatozoa increased from in the caput to in the corpus and cauda regions of the epididymis the activity of gapdh in spermatozoa therefore changes during maturation in a species dependent manner gapdh in spermatozoa from the distal cauda epididymidis of rats given ACH or mgkgday by mouth or chlorodeoxyglucose or mgkgday by mouth for days was inhibited by greater than but was only inhibited by in spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis the enzyme was inhibited to an intermediate and dosedependent extent in spermatozoa from the corpus region a similar pattern of inhibition was seen in spermatozoa from hamsters given ACH or mgkgday for days alphachlorohydrin mgkgday sc for days inhibited gapdh in spermatozoa from the caput or corpus epididymidis of the guineapig by less than but decreased gapdh activity by almost in the cauda region in rats the greater effect of alphachlorohydrin on spermatozoa from the cauda region of the epididymis occurred even T3 short periods of treatment or when the passage of spermatozoa through the duct was interrupted by a ligature around the corpus region indicating that the effect is not simply a reflection of the length of time the spermatozoa have spent in the epididymis it is concluded that either spermatozoa undergo a maturational change which increases their sensitivity to alphachlorohydrin or that ACH or an active metabolite is concentrated in the lumen of the cauda epididymidis | MEDAL |
male mice were immunized with the suspension of synaptonemal complexes sc isolated from mouse spermatocytes nuclei the indirect immunofluorescent analysis showed the active binding of sera obtained from immunized mice to sc of mouse spermatocyte spreads at early and midpachytene sc can be clearly identified in autosome bivalents and in sex chromosome bivalent according to the electron microscopic analysis all structural elements of sc bind antibodies metaphase chromosomes were not stained with the immune sera specificity of interaction between sc components and antibodies was confirmed in a series of control experiments analysis of sera obtained from mice after their syngeneic immunization with isolated sc fraction suggested that certain mouse sc components induce the formation of autoantibodies this in turn suggests that these sc components are meiosisspecific | MEDAL |
in this study we investigated the role of fluoroscopy in the bronchoscopic removal of aspirated pins of patients who underwent bronchoscopy for presumed TB foreign body aspiration pin aspiration cases were selected and divided into two groups according to whether fluoroscopic guidance was required GI or not group ii the localisation of foreign bodies mortality and morbidity ratios and the duration of the procedures were investigated pin aspiration percentage was pins were mostly located in IP airways in group i and in central airways in group ii p the mean duration of the procedure was min in group i and min in group ii p there was no mortality morbidity percentage was in GI and in group ii p no thoracotomy was required in any cases fluoroscopic guidance is safe and carries no additional morbidity and mortality and can be used for pins in the tracheobronchial tree | MEDAL |
natriuretic MMP bind their cognate cell surface guanylyl cyclase receptors and elevate intracellular cgmp concentrations in V1 smooth muscle cells this results in the activation of the type i cgmpdependent protein kinase and vasorelaxation in contrast pressor hormones like argininevasopressin angiotensin ii and endothelin bind serpentine receptors that interact with gq and activate phospholipase cbeta the products of this enzyme diacylglycerol and Ins trisphosphate activate the conventional and novel forms of protein kinase c pkc and elevate intracellular calcium concentrations respectively the latter response results in vasoconstriction which opposes the actions of natriuretic MMP previous reports have shown that pressor hormones inhibit natriuretic peptide receptors npra or nprb in a variety of different cell types although the mechanism for this inhibition remains unknown it has been universally accepted that pkc is an obligatory component of this pathway primarily because pharmacologic activators of pkc mimic the GABA effects of these hormones here we show that in a vascular smooth muscle cells neither chronic pkc downregulation nor specific pkc inhibitors block the avpdependent desensitization of nprb even though both processes block pkcdependent desensitization in contrast the cellpermeable calcium chelator baptaam bisaminophenoxyethanennnntetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester abrogates the avpdependent desensitization of nprb and ionomycin a calcium ionophore mimics the avp effect these data show that the inositol trisphosphatecalcium arm of the phospholipase c pathway mediates the desensitization of a NPR-A in a cells in addition we report that cnp attenuates avpdependent elevations in intracellular calcium concentrations together these data reveal a dominant role for intracellular calcium in the reciprocal regulation of these two important vasoactive signaling systems | MEDAL |
marinerlike elements mles are classii transposable elements that move within the genome of their hosts by means of a dnamediated cut and paste mechanism mles have been identified in several organisms from most of the phyla nevertheless only a few of the sequences characterized contain an IN open reading frame investigation of the genome of a coastal crab pachygrapsus marmoratus has identified nine pacmmar elements two of which have an open reading frame encoding a putatively PET transposase nucleic acid analyses and comparison with the previous data showed that the gc contents of mles derived from coastal organisms such as p marmoratus are significantly higher than those of terrestrial mles and significantly lower than those of hydrothermal ones furthermore molecular phylogeny analyses have shown that pacmmar elements constitute a new lineage of the irritans subfamily within the mariner family | MEDAL |
CL x receptors lxrs are transcription AF known for their role in hepatic cholesterol and lipid metabolism though highly expressed in fat the role of lxr in this tissue is not well characterized we generated AT lxrα KO atako mice and showed that these mice gain more weight and fat mass on a highfat diet compared with WT white AT wat accretion in atako mice results from both a decrease in wat lipolytic and oxidative capacities this was demonstrated by decreased expression of the β and βadrenergic receptors reduced level of phosphorylated hormonesensitive lipase and lower oxygen consumption rates ocrs in wat of atako mice furthermore lxr activation in vivo and in vitro led to decreased adipocyte size in wat and increased glycerol PR from primary adipocytes respectively with a concomitant increase in ocr in both models our findings show that absence of lxrα in AT results in elevated adiposity through a decrease in wat oxidation AA to att fa availability | MEDAL |
the value of rapid prototype models of the skull in our craniofacial and neurosurgical practice was analyzed individual skull models of patients were produced by means of RP techniques and used in various procedures patients were divided into three groups as follows group i patients requiring corrective cranioplasty after resection of osseous PT patients and with congenital and posttraumatic craniofacial deformities patients group ii patients requiring reconstructive cranioplasty and group iii patients requiring planning of difficult skull base approaches the utility of the stereolithographic models was assessed using the gillespie scoring system the esthetic and clinical outcomes were assessed by means of the esthetic outcome score and the glasgow outcome score respectively simulation of osteotomies for advancement plasty and craniofacial reassembly in the MM before surgery in group i reduced operating time and intraoperative PE in group ii the usefulness of the models depended directly on the size and configuration of the cranial defect the planning of approaches to uncommon and complex skull base PT group iii was significantly influenced by the stereolithographic models the esthetic outcome was pleasing the indications for the manufacture of individual threedimensional models could be cases of craniofacial dysmorphism that require meticulous preoperative planning and skull base surgery with difficult anatomical and reconstructive problems the stereolithographic models provide better understanding of the anatomy presurgical simulation intraoperative accuracy in localization of lesions accurate fabrication of implants and improved education of trainees | MEDAL |
shallow lesions less than cm deep are frequently seen in breast patients when they are scanned in reflection geometry two boundary conditions are compared for imaging shallow lesions and a new probe design is introduced a partial reflection boundary condition is suitable for imaging shallow lesions less than cm deep whereas an absorption boundary condition is desirable for imaging lesions more than cm deep our new probe design incorporates either a partial reflection boundary or an absorption boundary based on a priori knowledge of lesion depth provided by coregistered realtime ultrasound images an angled source is introduced to further improve the illumination of the region between to cm depths simulation phantom and freshly excised mouse tumor experiments demonstrate that targets located at different depths can be uniformly reconstructed d who have experienced upper extremity pain the objective of this T0 was to determine the AF associated with improved symptoms and functions | MEDAL |
histotypic aggregation of embryonic neural retinal cells was chosen as a test model to evaluate mercury toxicity T3 h rotational culture with methylmercury chhgcl at microm aggregation was CR inhibited a doseresponse relationship between concentrations of methylmercury and final sizes of aggregates was found selenium naseo at concentrations of and microm provided a protective effect for methylmercury microm toxicity vitamin e dlalphatocopherol acetate at concentrations and microm also provided protection against the same concentration of methylmercury however it was less effective than selenium histotypic embryonal retinal cell aggregation may be a useful assay sysrotein diet for weeks thereupon a week period of protein ED was still less than that of controls and the HR ratio was still greater than that of controls however the heart weight of rehabilitated rats was not significantly different from that of equal body weight controls SS protein and Al C2 in dificient rats were significantly decreased in comparison to rats fed a highprotein diet while the serum protein C2 of rehabilitated rats were lower than those of controls the albumin levels were not different the proteincalorie malnourished rats which received a lowprotein diet for and weeks showed a significant increase in myocardium noradrenaline concentration T3 a period of nutritional rehabilitation this change did not persist these catecholaminergic alterations in heart may be responsible at least in part for the different cardiac CA described as a result of proteincalorie dietary deficiency it may also explain the real cardiac enlargement observed in deficient rats according to the hypothesis that noradrenaline may be the ultimate MH hormone | MEDAL |
haemoglobin e is a beta chain variant quite common in southeastern asia the case of a gravid thai woman with a microcytic anaemia is reported the diagnosis of homozygous haemoglobin e was suspected on the basis of ethnic considerations when analysis of her haemoglobin showed the absence of normal hba and about of a variant hb with electrophoretic mobility with hbc and hba ID of the haemoglobin variant was performed by using an association of alkaline electrophoresis on agarose gel acid PACE on agarose gel haemoglobin isoelectrofocusing high performance liquid chromatography a study of haemoglobin pattern in the partner parents and siblings was also performed pregnancy continued without any problems until the th week when a caesarean section was performed due to a difficult labour with foetal distress the haemoglobin pattern of the P0 was studied at birth and after year as expected it was quite normal at birth and a heterozygous condition for hbe was observed after year hbe in even heterozygous and homozygous states gives a mild clinical picture but its association with other haemoglobinopathies such as a double heterozygous state ie hbebeta thalassaemia gives rise to a severe transfusion dependent thalassaemia syndrome it is the authors opinion that only a strict interaction between obstetricians and pathologists is the possible correct answer to the new diagnostic question proposed by a rapidly evolving interethnic society | MEDAL |
the objective of these studies was to evaluate whether exposing primiparous suckled beef cows to the biostimulatory effect of bulls alters breeding performance associated with an estrus synchronization protocol that included gnrh followed d later by pgfalpha and fixedtime ai tai this was a composite analysis of experiments that evaluated the effects of bull SE at different days after calving yr the biostimulatory effects of bull excretory products yr and the biostimulatory effects of familiar and unfamiliar bulls yr on the resumption of ovarian cycling activity in all studies cows were exposed biostimulated n or not exposed nonbiostimulated n to bulls or excretory products of bulls for at least d before the beginning of the estrus synchronization protocol average calving day did not differ among years and was d year did not affect the proportions of biostimulated and nonbiostimulated cows that were cycling at the beginning of the estrus synchronization protocol however a greater p proportion of biostimulated than nonbiostimulated cows were cycling at this time in each year cows were given gnrh followed by pgfalpha d later cows were observed for estrus twice daily am and pm after pgfalpha cows that exhibited estrus before and h after pgfalpha were inseminated by ai h later in yr and respectively cows that failed to show estrus were given gnrh and tai at and h T3 pgfalpha in yr and respectively conception rates were determined by transrectal ultrasonography d after tai in each year the percentages of cows that exhibited estrus after pgfalpha and before tai the interval from pgfalpha to estrus and the percentages of cows inseminated h T3 estrus or at tai did not differ between biostimulated and nonbiostimulated cows and were h and respectively conception rates for cows bred by ai h after estrus did not differ between biostimulated and nonbiostimulated cows however the tai conception rate was greater p for biostimulated cows than for nonbiostimulated cows we conclude that tai conception rates in an estrus synchronization protocol that includes gnrh followed d later by pgfalpha may be improved by the biostimulatory effect of bulls in PP primiparous cows | MEDAL |
on the basis of CAA sequences inferred from the genes encoding HNE and cat g it is likely that both are synthesized as precursors containing n and CT peptide extensions we show that these extensions are removed about min after onset of synthesis of these proteins in the u cell line removal of these extensions causes activation of the proteinases and it is likely that the NT extension of each enzyme serves as a zymogen activation peptide elastase and cathepsin g are therefore transiently present as zymogens presumably to protect the biosynthetic machinery of the cell from adventitious proteolysis zymogen activation results from cleavage following a glutamic acid residue a specificity opposite to most other serine proteinase zymogens the specificity is likely to be shared however by PMNL proteinase rat mast cell proteinase ii and most members of the granzyme group of proteinases present in cytotoxic tlymphocyte LG the conservation in zymogen activation specificity between these leukocyte proteinase homologs is mirrored by the preservation of a discrete genomic organization this suggests that most of the leukocyte serine proteinases evolved from a common ancestor distinct from the main branches of the chymotrypsinogen superfamily of serine proteinases | MEDAL |
sera from six adults collected before and T3 acellular pertussis vaccination and from a placebo control were examined for the ability to elicit two bactericidal immune defenses i ADCC complementmediated bacterial lysis and ii opsonization and phagocytosis by human neutrophils the samples were chosen based on low preimmunization titers and strong p.i. responses to various combinations of vaccine antigens all but two prevaccination samples demonstrated activity indicative of complementmediated lysis preimmunization activity could have been due to prior infection or childhood immunization immunization did not result in improved bactericidal activity for any of the individuals and in two cases immunization caused a statistically significant decrease in complementmediated lysis similarly opsonization with the p.i. sera failed to enhance att or phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils and one postimmunization sample with a strong response to filamentous hemagglutinin caused an inhibition of phagocytosis that was statistically significant compared to that observed for the noserum control in summary booster immunization of adults with acellular pertussis vaccines was not found to increase bactericidal activity over preimmunization C2 identifying ways to promote bactericidal immune responses might improve the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines | MEDAL |
all complaints relating to patients treated in a bed observation unit of a large teaching hospital over a month period are reviewed from may to july patients were admitted to the observation unit during this period there were patient complaints these complaints consisted of staff attitudebehavior discharge processes environmental concerns difficulties with diagnostic investigations and miscellaneous issues the type and frequency of complaints were similar to those received in other Az of the hospital although the profile of complaints was different to those commonly experienced in the emergency department observation units are frequently considered to be an extension of the emergency department patient complaints received in relation to care received in an observation unit are similar in nature to those recorded in inpatient units as opposed to those received in EDs | MEDAL |
patients with chest pain and no obstructive coronary i.a. disease cad are considered at low risk for cardiovascular events but evidence supporting this is scarce we investigated the prognostic implications of stable angina pectoris in relation to the presence and degree of cad with no obstructive cad in focus | MEDAL |
the panarthropod head represents a complex body region that has evolved through the integration and PET specialization of the anterior appendagebearing segments advances in the developmental biology of diverse extant organisms have led to a substantial clarity regarding the relationships of segmental homology between onychophora velvet worms tardigrada water bears and euarthropoda eg arachnids myriapods crustaceans hexapods the improved understanding of the segmental organization in panarthropods offers a novel perspective for interpreting the ubiquitous cambrian fossil record of these successful animals a combined palaeobiological and developmental RPA to the T0 of the panarthropod head through deep time leads us to propose a consensus hypothesis for the intricate evolutionary history of this important tagma the contribution of exceptionally preserved brains in cambrian fossils together with the recognition of segmentally informative morphological characters illuminate the polarity for L1 anatomical features the euarthropod stemlineage provides a detailed view of the stepwise acquisition of critical characters including the origin of a multiappendicular head formed by the F0 of several segments and the transformation of the ancestral protocerebral limb pair into the labrum following the posteroventral migration of the mouth opening stemgroup onychophorans demonstrate an independent VP migration of the mouth and OD of a multisegmented head as well as the differentiation of the deutocerebral limbs as expressed in extant representatives the anterior organization of crowngroup tardigrada retains several ancestral features such as an anteriorfacing mouth and onesegmented head the proposed MM aims to clarify contentious issues on the evolution of the panarthropod head and lays the foundation from which to further address this comd over many years debate remains as to the interaction forces that combine to produce the observed swelling behavior using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy cryotem and smallangle xray scattering we study the influence of salinity in combination with layer charge interlayer cation and particle size on montmorillonite swelling we observe a decrease in swelling with increased SL charge increased cation charge and decreased cation hydration each indicative of the critical influence of coulombic attraction between the negatively charged layers and interlayer cations cryotem images of individual montmorillonite particles also reveal that swelling is dependent upon the number of layers in a particle calculations of the van der waals vdw interaction based on new measurements of hamaker coefficients confirm that longrange vdw interactions extend beyond nearneighbor SL interactions and result in a decrease in layer spacing with a larger number of layers this work clarifies the short and longrange attractive interactions that govern clay structure and ultimately the stability and permeability of hydrated clays in the environment | MEDAL |
bronchopulmonary dysplasia bpd has become the most common form of chronic lung disease in the neonate recently we have experienced a severe case of bpd and examined the effect of disodium cromoglycate dscg on bpd the gestational age and BW of the patient were weeks and g respectively although rds subsided after SRT the arterialalveolar oxygen tension ratio aapo gradually decreased and fio increased with age respectively and pure oxygen supplementation was eventually required T3 days of life the dscg treatment was commenced at days of life T3 days of the inhalation therapy aapo gradually increased T3 days of the treatment the baby was extubated while the baby was intubated intratracheal lavage fluid samples were obtained eosinophilic cationic protein ecp and polymorphonuclear pmn PE concentrations were determined ecp and pmn PE concentrations of intratracheal lavage fluids gradually decreased with the dscg treatment these results may indicate that dscg has led to an improvement of pulmoncular genomic site the presence of a common pelement site at c in drosophila subobscura drosophila madeirensis and d guanche suggests that clustering of the CS at this location took place before the phylogenetic radiation of the three species | MEDAL |
a rapid and accurate method to quantify ochratoxin a ota at ppt pgml levels in urine has been developed the method uses commercial immunoaffinity columns for cleanup and reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography hplc with fluorescence detector for quantification of the toxin average recoveries of ota from human urine spiked at C2 from ngml to ngml ranged from to with relative standard deviations rsds between and PCD limit was ngml out of human urine samples were found positive to ota with only one sample exceeding ngml the latter originated from a patient affected by karyomegalic interstitial nephritis the method can be used as a rapid and noninvasive tool to assess human and animal exposure to ota in epidemiological studies and to establish the possible role of ota in acute animal intoxications or human endstage renal diseases | MEDAL |
initial plasma Kd and biliary excretion of intravenously injected BSP were studied in wistar female rats fed a normal or a PFD proteins and BSP CSD in the liver were studied by a GF method the results suggest that protein deficiency may produce an impaired sulfobromophthalein transference from plasma to liver cell due to a reduction of total hepatic proteins and of sulfobromophthaleinbinding protein fraction responsible for CL uptake | MEDAL |
sodium salicylate nasal an aspirin metabolite can cause tinnitus in animals and human subjects to explore neural mechanisms underlying salicylateinduced tinnitus we examined effects of nasal on neural MICs of the medial geniculate body mgb an auditory thalamic nucleus that provides the primary and immediate inputs to the auditory SC by using the wholecell patchclamp recording technique in mgb slices rats treated with nasal mgkg showed tinnituslike behavior as revealed by the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle gpias paradigm nasal mm decreased the membrane input resistance hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential suppressed currentevoked firing changed the action potential and depressed rebound depolarization in mgb SN nasal also reduced the excitatory and GABA postsynaptic response in the mgb evoked by stimulating the brachium of the VPI colliculus our results demonstrate that nasal alters neuronal intrinsic properties and reduces the synaptic transmission of the mgb which may cause abnormal thalamic outputs to the auditory cortex and contribute to nasalinduced tinnitus | MEDAL |
serum levels of sex hormone binding AHG shbg testosterone free testosterone dihydrotestosterone androstenedione dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate oestradiol oestrone oestrone sulphate fsh and lh were measured in steroid sulphatasedeficient men with recessive xlinked ichthyosis and in normal men the serum oestrone sulphate level was significantly higher than normal in the patients p less than in affected men there was a tendency towards higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate C2 and no decline with age was seen in the patients as opposed to normal men interaction p less than serum androstenedione and oestradiol C2 were lower than normal in the patients p less than and p respectively while their lh level was higher than normal p less than the serum levels of shbg total and free testosterone dihydrotestosterone oestrone and fsh were not significantly different from normal in the icthyotic patients we suggest that the observed abnormalities in these patients are a consequence of the enzyme deficiency which severely impairs the ability of tissues to hydrolyse steroid sulphates | MEDAL |
the var genes encode plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein pfemp proteins a set of highly diverse surfaceexpressed proteins that mediate adhesion of erythrocytes infected with asexual bloodstage parasites to host endothelium switching among expressed pfemp variants in the course of a bloodstage infection is a key component of antigenic variation and thus immune evasion by the parasite the majority of var loci are found in the subtelomeric regions of p falciparum chromosomes associated with members of other multigene families including stevor both pfemp and stevor are expressed in gametocytes the transmissible parasite stage but the role of these proteins in the biology of sexualstage parasites remains unknown pfemp may continue to mediate antigenic variation in gametocytes which need to persist in the host for many days before reaching maturity using quantitative reverse transcriptionpcr and RNA hybridization we demonstrate that transcription of a defined subset of type c var loci occurs during gametocyte OD in vitro this transcriptional program occurs in gametocytes regardless of the var expression phenotype of their asexual progenitors and therefore is subject to regulatory processes distinct from those that manage antigenic variation in the asexual parasite in contrast the same stevor SCV are transcribed in both gametocytes and their asexual progenitors we also provide evidence that for both asexual parasites and gametocytes var and stevor transcription patterns are not linked to each other | MEDAL |
we investigated the influence of clentiazem chlorodiltiazem ssacetoxychlorodimethylaminoethyldihydro methoxyphenylbenzothiazepinhone maleate ta and other ca antagonists on the impaired learning ability in poststroke spontaneous hypertensive rats stroke prone shrsp using a shuttle box shrsp were given nacl solution as drinking water until the development of stroke poststroke shrsp active avoidance task was started from the fourth day T3 the ON of stroke over a period of sessions trialssessionday the mean avoidance rate of the poststroke shrsp was significantly lower than that of the nonstroke control group that was not given the salt solution clentiazem and mgkgday po orally for days after the OD of stroke increased the avoidance rate in a dosedependent manner nimodipine and mgkgday also increased the avoidance rate but its effect was not dose dependent we also investigated the influence of clentiazem and other ca antagonists on the PA performance by mice using a lightdark box clentiazem and mgkg and other ca antagonists nimodipine mgkg and nicardipine mgkg all failed to protect either co or electroconvulsive shock ecsinduced avoidance deficit when administered orally h before the acquisition or retention trial these results may be explained by the possibility that the ca antagonists may ameliorate the impaired learning ability in poststroke shrsp through their improving effect on the cerebral circulation disturbance | MEDAL |
studies have been conducted in the usa comparing fluticasone propionate AQ nasal spray micrograms once daily with beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray micrograms twice daily oral terfenadine mg twice daily or oral astemizole mg once daily given for or weeks during tree grass or ragweed pollen seasons all six were multicentre randomised placebocontrolled doubleblind parallelgroup studies tau was evaluated by patient and clinician assessments of individual nasal PS and overall response to therapy FP was superior to beclomethasone dipropionate in one trial according to patient evaluations of symptoms but response to fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate was similar in the second study comparisons with antihistamines showed fluticasone propionate to have greater tau it was more effective than terfenadine in both trials according to evaluations by clinicians and patients similar findings were observed in the first astemizole trial the second astemizole T0 showed superiority of fluticasone propionate over astemizole in terms of patient and clinician evaluations of overall response to therapy and occasionally in terms of symptom evaluations there were no significant adverse effects including effects on plasma cortisol concentrations noted in any of these comparator studies | MEDAL |
we compared the effects of week dryland and inwater specific strength training combined with a water polo wp program on sportspecific performance parameters nineteen professional players were randomly assigned to groups inwater strength group wsg inwater training only and dryland strength group lsg the program included weekly ST sessions and days of wp training per week for weeks during the preseason tenmeter tagility test m maximal sprint swim maximal dynamic strength RM bench press bp and full squat fs inwater boost countermovement jump cmj and wp throwing speed were measured significant improvements p ⤠were found in the exp groups in some variables cmj in the lsg and wsg cm effect size es and cm es respectively inwater boost increased in the wsg group cm es and fs and bp increased p ⤠only in the lsg group kg es and kg es respectively there was a decrease of performance in agility test seconds es both dryland and inwater TPS ST and highintensity training in these male wp players produced medial to large effects on most wpspecific performance parameters therefore we propose modifications to current training methodology for wp players in preseason to include both the training programs dryland and inwater specific strength training and highintensity training for athlete preparation in this sport | MEDAL |
this T0 examined whether propam a prodrug dihydropyridine derivative of the oxime pralidoxime pam that can penetrate the BB could prevent or reverse the central toxic effects of three nerve agents sarin cyclosarin and vx the first experiment tested whether propam could reactivate guinea pig cholinesterase che in vivo in CE and peripheral tissues inhibited by these nerve agents propam produced a dosedependent reactivation of sarin or vxinhibited che in both IP and BB tissues but with substantially greater reactivation in peripheral tissues compared to BB propam produced reactivation of cyclosarininhibited che in blood heart and spinal cord but no reactivation in BB or muscle tissues in a second experiment the ability of propam to block or terminate nerve agentinduced electroencephalographic seizure activity was evaluated propam was able to block sarin or vxinduced seizures over a dose range of mgkg but was ineffective against cyclosarininduced seizures animals that were protected from seizures showed significantly less WL and greater behavioral CF h T3 exposure than those animals that were not protected additionally brains were free from neuropathology when propam prevented seizures in summary propam provided modest reactivation of GB and vxinhibited che in the BB and periphery which was reflected by a limited ability to block or terminate seizures elicited by these agents propam was able to reactivate blood heart and spinal cord che inhibited by cyclosarin but was not effective against cyclosarininduced seizures | MEDAL |
we have identified a nine amino sequence in alphahemolysin alphahl of staphylococcus aureus which binds caveolin surface plasmon resonance studies clearly show a concentration dependent interaction of alphahl with the scaffolding domain of caveolin mutants of alphahl devoid of caveolin recognition motif exhibit an alphahl like PK digestion profile but the resultant halflike domains are highly susceptible to further proteolysis they also had the same intrinsic fluorescence emission maxima as the native alphahl indicating normal folding however these mutants bind ANS probably due to SE of their hydrophobic core moreover these mutants are nonlytic and do not undergo conformational changes on rb rbc membrane surface purified caveolin blocks the hemolysis of rbcs by alphahl our studies indicate that the caveolin binding motif of alphahl provides stability and shields the hydrophobic core of alphahl the motif also acts as trigger point for initiation of conformational changes | MEDAL |
the antiprostatic steroids methylenepregnenedione mp i alphaacetoxy dimethylenepregnenedione ii and melengestrol acetate mga iii were incubated with guineapig adrenal cells both CT and maximally stimulated with acth cortisol output was then measured by ria increased cortisollike secretion was obtained with mp in the absence of acth in the presence of acth cortisollike steroid secretion was the sum of that seen with acth and mp CT it follows that mp stimulates in vitro a cortisollike steroid cross reacting with the cortisol antibody by a mechanism that bypasses acth steroid ii weakly inhibited cortisol SO mga in contrast proved to be a strong inhibitor of cortisol output id of mumoll its site of action was established by adding it to adrenal cells incubated with precursor steroids on the cortisol pathway conversion of betahydroxysteroids to cortisol was inhibited whereas conversion of keto steroids was not affected it follows that mga inhibits betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase | MEDAL |
the antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of coagulasenegative slime and nonslimeproducing staphylococci and acinetobacter spp to sulbactam ampicillin and the combination of both drugs with a ratio was studied by means of an agar dilution test the coagulasenegative staphylococci showed resistance against sulbactam CT whereas ampicillin as a single agent was nearly as AS as SBT plus ampicillin mode of mic and mbc and mgl vs mgl geometric mean of mic and mbc and vs and mgl respectively among slimeproducing or nonslimeproducing strains there was no difference in the susceptibility against ampicillin CT compared to the sulbactamampicillin combination with the exception of the higher mbc mode mgl for slimeproducing strains both ampicillin and the sulbactamampicillin combination were more AS against nonslimeproducing than slimeproducing strains with modes of mic and mbc of vs or mgl acinetobacter spp were susceptible to SBT alone mode of mic and mbc mgl geometric mean of mic and mbc and respectively but resistant to ampicillin however the sulbactamampicillin combination was highly AS against acinetobacter spp mode of mic and mbc and mgl geometric mean of mic and mbc and mgl respectively | MEDAL |
systemic carnitine deficiency scd is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting from defects in the octn slca gene which encodes the highaffinity BPM carnitine transporter although octn is fairly well studied in its relationship with scd little is known about the carrier frequency of diseasecausing alleles of octn or of more common functional polymorphisms in this gene to address these issues we screened for genetic SCV in the octn coding region by direct sequencing of the exons and flanking intronic region of octn in a C1 sample n of ethnically diverse subjects in addition we established LCLs from subjects homozygous for either allele of the previously identified promoter region variant gc we found eight CAA CS variants of octn of which three pheleu leuphe and proser were polymorphic in at least one ethnic group when assayed for PET activity by expression in human embryonic kidney cells using as probes both the endogenous ATP lcarnitine and the organic cation tetraethylammonium three variants showed PET differences from the REF octn pheleu tyrasp valphe p further studies of the pheleu polymorphism showed a reduced vmax for lcarnitine transport to approximately of the REF octn confocal microscopy studies using an octngfp FP showed that pheleu had distinct subcellular localization from the REF octn with diffuse cytoplasmic retention of pheleu in contrast to REF octn which localized specifically to the BPM lymphoblasts from subjects homozygous for the g S2 showed increased lcarnitine transport compared with the cc homozygotes p this study suggests that although lossoffunction mutations in octn are likely to be rare common variants of octn found in healthy populations may contribute to variation in the disposition of carnitine and some clinically used drugs | MEDAL |
to evaluate in vitro the effects of bevacizumab an antivascular endothelial growth factor vegf antibody on retinal pigment epithelial cells rpe and retinal GCs rgc at doses that were inhibitory to vegfenriched choroidal endothelial cells cec | MEDAL |
experimental autoimmune neuritis ean is a t cellmediated animal model of the guillainbarré syndrome characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the IP NS pns the key pathogenesis of ean is the imbalance between th and thtype immune response tolllike receptor tlr is a receptor of the innate immune system it can recognize the antigen by pathogenassociated molecular patterns and activate the antigenpresenting cells producing costimulating molecules to activate TA in this study we observed the expression of mrna of tlr and tlr in ean rats | MEDAL |
with the advancement of US technology in recent years sonography has become a common medical diagnostic tool as it has elevated SO sonic intensity and elongated exposure time this study investigates the effect of ultrasound on human chorionic villus cell apoptosis during early pregnancy transvaginal ultrasound was performed for a total of women who had undergone induced abortion at our hospital they were randomly divided into the control short ultrasound min and long ultrasound min groups n each twentyfour hours after ultrasonic SE CV tissues were extracted during induced abortion and were tested for cell apoptosis using FC bax and b cell lymphoma bcl protein C2 were also quantified by immunohistochemistry we found that the long ultrasound group had significantly higher cell apoptosis rates compared to the short ultrasound group which in turn had higher rates compared to the control group p in both cases bax protein levels were elevated in both the long and short ultrasound CG p bcl proteins in two ultrasound groups however were downregulated as compared to those in the control group p it is therefore possible that TVS can potentiate the apoptosis of human chorionic villus cells by increasing the baxbcl protein ratio | MEDAL |
lysozyme as an important nonspecific immune factor can kill bacteria by hydrolyzing βglycosidic linkages of PGN layer and plays an important role in innate immune response against pathogen infection in the present study we report molecular cloning tissue CSD and PET characterization of the ctype and gtype lysozymes in qihe crucian carp carassius auratus designated as caclys and caglys respectively the FL of caclys and caglys cdna were cloned using rtpcr and race methods catalytic and other conserved residues required for functionality were identified by MSA and structure predicted the findings indicating the caclys with signal peptide CS while the caglys without imply that the two isozymes function in different CS of cell phylogenetic analysis revealed that caclys and caglys genes evolve at different rates moreover spatial expression analysis showed that caclys transcript was most abundant in kidney and least in gill however the expression level of caglys was significantly lower compared with caclys in various tissues which was the most abundant in spleen and least in brain after intraperitoneal injection with a hydrophila and lipopolysaccharide lps the mrna C2 of caclys and caglys were generally upregulated in CL and gill but indicated the different expression changes in spleen kidney and head kidney with regard to the lysozyme activity it was showed that the total enzyme MICs generally increased in liver gill SP and HK after stimulation these results confirmed that both caclys and caglys play an important role in nonspecific immunity T3 a hydrophila invasion in this T0 it was speculated that expressions of caclys and caglys were regulated in different patterns against pathogens | MEDAL |
fibrous dysplasia of bone is an enigma with no known cure treatment currently consists of curettage and bonegrafting in an attempt to eradicate the lesion and to prevent progressive deformity this T0 presents the results of prophylactic intramedullary nailing in patients with monostotic fibrous dysplasia pain increasing with movement and scintigraphically established activity ten patients with monostotic fibrous dysplasia in their upper or lower extremities treated between and were included in the T0 seven patients were male and were female their mean age was years the mean duration of followup was months closed intramedullary nail without reaming was used in all cases bone grafting was not performed patients were allowed full weight bearing on the affected extremities on the second postoperative day mean vas for functional pain was preoperatively and at final followup p radiographs showed no changes in lesion size and the intramedullary fixation appeared to be stable prophylactic intramedullary nailing appeared to be beneficial in monostotic fibrous dysplasia with scintigraphically proven activity and PET pain it also avoids problems that may occur following pathological fracture | MEDAL |
students commence nurse education with varying C2 of understanding of human anatomy and physiology due to a wide range of previous exposure to the topic all students however are required to attain a broad knowledge of this topic prior to qualification this paper describes the use of a virtual learning environment vle blackboard and the associated OD of AGA resources aimed at supporting nursing students undertaking a human anatomy and physiology module at higher education level the vle was used as part of a blended learning RPA the results suggested that the majority of students utilised the vle throughout the academic year opportunities for independent and selfdirected learning were available in that students chose when and where to learn students generally commented favourably on ease of use and type of resources available frequency of use of the vle however did not correlate strongly with the final examination mark achieved overall the vle and the associated available resources appeared useful in supporting student learning and has been adopted for use in subsequent years | MEDAL |
analyses of dominant lethal dl mutations and micronuclei mn are important and widely used genotoxicity assays to measure druginduced chromosome damage in germ cells and somatic cells respectively cyclophosphamide cp has been widely used as a positive control in the singledose mouse mn CA however its utility as a PC for the dl assay has not been fully studied in the present study cp was tested in both assays under similar experimental conditions and mn seen in somatic tissue bone marrow were correlated with dl mutations seen in germinal tissue in a doserange finding T0 groups of male mice were dosed ip daily for days at or mgkg cp and bone marrow was harvested h later for mn CA cp induced a doserelated increase and fold over control at and mgkg in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes mnpces and decreased pces to and of controls at and mgkg respectively based on this a definitive dl and mn T0 was conducted using separate CG of male mice at and mgkg cp with a daily times dosing regimen for the mn assay bone marrow was collected h T3 the last dose from animals and evaluated for mnpces and pces for the dl CA each male was caged with untreated females per week for weeks to cover the postmeiotic germ cell stages on day T3 the initiation of breeding the females were evaluated for the number of implantation sites and live dead and resorbed implants the results indicated that cp induced about a fold increase in mnpces and a decrease in pces in relation to controls in the dl CA cp produced a slight but statistically significant reduction in fertility index at week of mating also the total number of implants was significantly lower during weeks and and the numbers of dead implants and postimplantation loss pil were increased for weeks and and pil respectively over controls these data clearly show that cp produced clastogenicity and some toxicity in both somatic tissue and germinal tissue it was concluded that a dose of mgkg cp can be used as a positive control compound in the dl assay and in the multipledose marrow mn assay | MEDAL |
while tens of thousands of pathogenic variants are used to inform the many clinical applications of genomics there remains limited information on quantitative disease risk for the majority of variants used in clinical practice at the same time rising demand for genetic counselling has prompted a growing need for computational approaches that can help interpret genetic R2 such tasks include predicting variant pathogenicity and identifying SCV that are too common to be penetrant to address these challenges researchers are increasingly turning to integrative informatics approaches these approaches often leverage vast sources of data including electronic health records and populationlevel allele frequency databases eg gnomad as well as machine learning techniques such as support vector machines and deep learning in this review we highlight recent informatics and machine learning approaches that are improving our understanding of pathogenic R2 and discuss obstacles that may limit their emerging role in clinical genomics | MEDAL |
the combination of rapid evolution and high mortality in human cases of infections has raised concerns that the hn avian influenza virus may become a new possibly severe pandemic virus vaccination is likely to be the most efficient strategy to mitigate the impact of the next influenza pandemic the present stud neartetraploidy furthermore a conventional hierarchical clustering analysis showed that neartetraploidy q gain hyperdiploidy and recursive deletions at p and chromosomes and were the main aberrations driving samples grouping moreover mapping information was integrated with gene expression profiles of the tumor samples a multiclass analysis of transcriptional profiles characterizing the different clusters showed marked genedosage effects particularly concerning q transcripts this finding was also confirmed by a nonparametric analysis between normalized gene expression C2 and local cn variations highlysignificant correlated genes finally we identified several loci in which gene expression correlated with the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity our results provide insights into the composite network linking genome structure and transcriptional features in mm | MEDAL |
epidemiological data and results of toxicity studies in experimental animals indicate the possible health risk of DE SE acute effects of this exposure include odor eye irritations lung function decrements cardiovascular symptoms and some nonspecific effects most of these effects are reported among persons highly exposed to diesel exhaust lung function decrements are reported as chronic effects another chronic effect that has been studied extensively among occupationally exposed persons in lung cancer in addition to lung cancer but at a less frequent rate an enhanced incidence of bladder cancer is reported the carcinogenic action of diesel exhaust SE is ascribed to effects of the soot particles particleassociated organics andor gas phase EDC direct effects of the particle load may include retardation of lung clearance inflammation and increased cell proliferation these effects were all demonstrated in rodents the particles may also prolong the residence time of particulate organics or induce the generation of ROS species these EDC are known to react with macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation dna damage andor activation of other genotoxic substances such as polycyclic aromatic HCs pahs however these results have not yet been confirmed in mammals in vivo a direct interaction of particles with lung tissue is also suggested as a cause of CA but a mechanism for this interaction has not yet been proposed organics associated with the particles are known to contain genotoxic properties attributable to pahs and their derivatives a number of these EDC are also identified as carcinogens in animal studies however it is not clear whether parent pahs their nitro oxy alkylated or heterocyclic derivatives or possibly other EDC are principally responsible for inducing PT in the lungs of animals after diesel exhaust exposure furthermore the mechanism of the bioavailability of these organics is not completely understood the effects of gas phase constituents on the carcinogenic properties of the particles andor particleassociated organics either have not been investigated or the findings have been inconclusive | MEDAL |
the analysis of literature and results of our investigations indicate the possible involvement of largininenitric oxide no system in formation of blood oxygencarrying capacity in reaction with hemoglobin no forms methemoglobin nitrosylhemoglobin hbfeno and snitrosohemoglobin snohb the nohemoglobin derivatives have the various biological functions no transport storage elimination etc and are involved in the genesis of different pathologic conditions the presence of different nohemoglobin derivatives can differently influence on the whole blood hemoglobinoxygen affinity hoa methemoglobin and snohb increases and hbfeno decreases it their effect on the blood oxygenbinding properties may be important for the gas exchange processes at the level of lung capillaries such effect may be the additional mechanism promoting a blood oxygenation and in the systemic microcirculation it may optimize blood desaturation and hence the tissue oxygen delivery blood oxygenbinding properties affect the state of larginineno system however this system also may determine hoa through the intraerythrocytic RII mechanisms oxygendependent nature of no generation regulation of V1 tone and effect of peroxynitrite | MEDAL |
on surface of pvc packing sheets in wet cooling towers thick sediment layers can often be observed fig which usually cause several technological troubles microbiological investigations were made in order to estimate whether some hygienic risk possibly based on the proliferation of hygienic relevant microorganisms in the sediment have to be considered an abundance of bacteria actinomycetes and fungi was found in the sediments from pvc packing sheets which were exposed for or weeks in a wet cooling tower table however the microbial colony counts usually decreased when the exposition time increased pseudomonas aeruginosa was ND at all coliform bacteria and escherichia coli showed a declining OD both in the sediment and in the cooling water unter test table total volume of plankton also decreased in cooling water incubated with small pieces of pvc packing sheets the results indicate the sediment formation on pvc packing sheets in wet cooling towers probably not to be problem of environmental hygiene but technology the sediment formation seems to depend mainly of the SQ ie pollution degree of cooling water and also of surface properties of the packing sheets | MEDAL |
we investigated the cellular and subcellular CSD of SF protein d spd by immunogold labeling in lungs of AD rats that had been given bovine serum albumin coupled to nm gold bsag for hr to visualize the endocytotic pathway TPS gold labeling for spd was found in ATII cells clara cells and alveolar macrophages in type ii cells abundant labeling was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum whereas the GC and multivesicular bodies were labeled to a limited extent only lamellar bodies did not seem to contain spd gold labeling in alveolar macrophages was restricted to structures containing endocytosed bsag in clara cells labeling was found in the endoplasmic reticulum the golgi complex and was most prominent in granules present in the apical domain of the cell double labeling experiments with antisurfactant protein a spa showed that both spa and spd were present in the same LG however spa was distributed throughout the granule contents whereas spd was confined to the periphery of the granule the clara cell LG are considered secretory granules and not lysosomes because they were not labeled for the lysosomal markers cathepsin d and lgp and they did not contain endocytosed bsag | MEDAL |
friend leukemia was used as an experimental MM to study the action of a ribofuranosyl derivative of nitrosourea rpcnu this new product was known to be AS in l one and immunosuppressive rpcnu significantly decreases the splenomegaly induced in dba mice by friend virus when it is given at a time ranging from days before to days after virus inoculation the survival time in leukemic treated CG is also greatly increased however viral content of the SP extracts of the leukemic treated mice is not reduced therefore rpcnu cannot be considered as an antiviral agent a comparison between survival of leukemic and non leukemic mice treated with different doses show that the effectiveness of rpcnu is correlated with its toxicity the effect of rpcnu on FL by cytotoxicity on hematopoietic stem cells is discussed in this paper | MEDAL |
we report cases of dislocation of total knee arthroplasty tka we identified patterns of instability in the sagittal plane one with posterior translation of the tibia occurring mainly in the postoperative period and usually resulting from a trauma and the other with anterior translation of the tibia occurring months to years postoperatively and with no preceding trauma in the latter group instability was manifested gradually as a lengthening of the posterior cruciate ligament and the posterior capsule leading to a recurvatum deformity of the knee | MEDAL |
a yearold man was found to have elevated C2 of hcc markers during an observation of CH c diffused hepatoma was involved in the posterior lobe and tumor thrombus extended into the MPV vp posterior segmentectomy and tumor thrombectomy were performed but ct scan days after the T0 showed an enhancement at the residual tumor thrombus in the posterior branch the patient received a HAI of fu followed by hepatic arterial embolization then we chose radiation therapy to the tumor thrombus the most recent ct showed no enhancement at the reduced RT thrombus there have been almost no reports of treatment for residual portal thrombus careful observations are necessary in such patients | MEDAL |
the soluble tubulin of human CBF cortex as assessed by hcolchicine binding of the g supernatant fraction decreases drastically with age percent from age to age there is also a considerably lower concentration of high molecular weight proteins in the soluble fraction l extension as a pedicle in six human cadavers the flap was raised as an island on the anterior deep temporal artery after transecting the zygomatic arch and coronoid process maximal mobilization was thus obtained allowing rotation of the flap into the mouth for intraoral reconstruction the arc of rotation and potential surgical applications were noted a comparative T0 of the temporalis myoosseous flap and free calvarial bone graft was then conducted in a rb MM vascularization of the calvarial bone flap was confirmed by Tc scintigraphy performed on the first postoperative day the uptake of fluorochrome labels immediately T3 transfer verified the adequacy of the periosteal circulation in maintaining viability and new osteoid formation throughout the full thickness of calvarial bone the transplantation of free calvarial bone grafts was followed by CN of most cellular elements this was demonstrated by an absence of fluorochrome uptake up to days postoperatively and a predominance of empty lacunae and nonviable marrow | MEDAL |
we characterized the performance of a novel HP perfusion marker αtrideuteromethylnglutamine for direct comparison with a cbased hyperpolarized perfusion marker c nurea | MEDAL |
origin of the left main coronary artery from the PT is an extremely rare fatal but potentially treatable anomaly left VVI perfusion with desaturated blood with low pressure from the pulmonary artery results in early death associated pulmonary hypertension can help to prevent ischemia we present a fourmonthold boy with this anomaly associated with PDA and pulmonary hypertension | MEDAL |
because there is no cure for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosis before the RT spreads is imperative in this article dr mueller discusses the prognosis of the various tumor stages and strongly advises yearly digital rectal examinations to ensure early PCD | MEDAL |
to understand the decisionmaking processes involved in conventional medicine and CM CA treatment and the role that information plays a crosssectional survey of cancer patients was carried out at australian CA centres data was obtained from CA patients when asked about CM use patients reported using some form of cDNA medicine in conjunction with their CT in terms of decisionmaking our findings suggest that although cancer patients appear to be at different stages of decisionmaking for CM compared with conventional medicine there was no difference between the decisionmaking process for CA patients when it comes to utilising conventional medicine or complementary medicine patients reported comparable high decisional SE and low decisional conflict for both Az of medicine | MEDAL |
due to a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament acl reinjury in alpine ski racers this T0 aims to assess functional asymmetry in the countermovement jump cmj squat jump sj and leg muscle mass in elite ski racers with and without anterior cruciate AL reconstruction aclr elite alpine skiers with aclr n ± months postop and uninjured skiers n participated in neuromuscular screening vertical ground reaction force during the cmj and sj was assessed using dual force plate methodology to obtain phasespecific bilateral asymmetry indices ais for kinetic impulse cmj and sj phasespecific kinetic impulse ai dual xray absorptiometry scanning was used to assess asymmetry in lower body muscle mass compared with controls aclr skiers had increased ai in muscle mass p kinetic impulse ai in the cmj con phase p and the final phase of the sj p positive associations were observed between muscle mass and ai in the cmj con phase r p as well as in the late sj phase r p future research is required to assess the role of the cmj and sj phasespecific kinetic impulse ai as a part of a multifaceted approach for improving outcome following aclr in elite ski racers | MEDAL |
adultonset primary torsion dystonia aoptd is an AD disorder with markedly reduced penetrance sensory CA are present in aoptd and also in unaffected relatives possibly indicating nonmanifesting gene carriage acting as an endophenotype the temporal discrimination threshold tdt is the shortest time interval at which two stimuli are detected to be asynchronous we aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of three different tdt tasks visual tactile and mixedvisualtactile we also aimed to examine the sensitivity of tdts in different aoptd phenotypes to examine tasks we tested tdt in patients and controls using visual lights tactile nonpainful electrical stimulation and mixed light electrical stimuli to investigate phenotypes we examined aoptd patients CD writers cramp blepharospasm spasmodic dysphonia and musicians dystonia patients the upper limit of normal was defined as control mean sd in dystonia patients the visual task detected CA in the tactile task in and the mixed task in the mixed task was less CS than the other two p specificity was for the visual and tactile tasks abnormal tdts were found in of CD of writers cramp of BSP of SD patients and of musicians the visual and tactile tasks were found to be more CS than the mixed task temporal discrimination threshold results were comparable across common AO PTD phenotypes with lower sensitivity in the musicians | MEDAL |
most sensory input to our body is not consciously perceived nevertheless it may reach the SC and influence our SMB in this T0 we investigated noninvasive neural signatures of unconscious cortical stimulus processing to understand mechanisms which prevent LI somatosensory stimuli from getting access to conscious experience and which can explain the associated impediment of conscious perception for additional stimuli stimulation of digit in humans far below the PCD threshold elicited a cortical CEP p at ms but no further somatosensory evoked potential components no ERD was detected rather there was a transient synchronization in the alpha frequency range using the same stimulation during fmri a reduced centrality of CL primary SmI si was found which appeared to be mainly driven by reduced PET connectivity to frontoparietal areas we conclude that after subthreshold stimulation the excitatory feedforward sweep of bottomup processing terminates in si preventing access to conscious experience we speculate that this interruption is due to a predominance of inhibitory processing in si the increase in alpha activity and the disconnection of si from frontoparietal Az are likely correlates of an elevated perception threshold and may thus serve as a gating mechanism for the access to conscious experience | MEDAL |
the main complication of chronic ambulatory PD is peritoneal infection due to contamination while handling dialysate bags for this reason antibiotics should be added to the dialysate to prevent infection some antibiotics are known to be unstable when dissolved in dialysate we therefore studied the bactericidal activity of eight second or third generation cephalosporins against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus under conditions similar to in vivo situations comparison of killing curves shows that bactericidal activity is unchanged after hours in the dialysis fluid at RT | MEDAL |
herpes virus hominis type was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion ganglion semilunare gasservian in three out of randomly selected autopsies two of the three patients had been treated with IS or cytostatic agents clinical signs of herpes infection were not observed during the previous months no virus was isolated from the facial ganglion geniculate ganglion in the same cases the findings are discussed in relation to the viral etiology of acute PFP | MEDAL |
the prevalence of the renal involvement is estimated at during the course of systemic lupus erythematosus in more than half of cases the histological DUE leads to the diagnosis of a severe glomerulonephritis class iii or iv a or ac of the isnrps classification which requires a powerful treatment aiming at the remission of the nephritis at the prevention of relapses and at the prevention of chronic renal failure and death with low toxicity this review focuses on the most important trials of the last three decades that progressively delineated the treatment regimens used for lupus PGN with active lesions the treatment should consist in an induction regimen followed by a maintenance regimen until now the standard induction associates CSs and intravenous cyclophosphamide and the most efficient regimen for maintenance with the best tolerance profile is the association of low dose corticosteroids and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil however the use of cyclophosphamide is limited by its SE and its cumulated dose should be reduced as much as possible when cyclophosphamide is not considered for induction azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil associated with CS may constitute an alternative regimen however azathioprine seems less ERP than cyclophosphamide to prevent relapses and preserve the renal CF on a longterm basis preliminary data evaluating induction with mycophenolate mofetil are promising but ongoing trials are needed to determine if induction with mycophenolate mofetil could reach this goal | MEDAL |
the hypothalamic peptide somatostatin srif suppresses sec activity in phenotypically distinct pituitary endocrine cells we have used tightseal wholecell recording techniques to study the MMP effects on the electrical properties of RT PIT cells derived from rat ghb and human adenomas that secrete human prl in a srifsensitive manner both cell types exhibited qualitatively similar electrophysiological properties and electrical responses to srif under the experimental conditions employed the majority of cells spontaneously generated cadependent actions potentials the actions of the peptide on cellular excitability were markedly affected by the presence of horse and fetal calf sera without these additives the electrical responses faded and could not be studied in detail therefore recordings were conducted in media containing sera in the presence of sera almost all cells spontaneously generated ca action potentials and peptideinduced changes in excitability were well preserved srif depressed spontaneous and evoked action potential activity in a dosedependent manner at concentrations that reduced intracellular free calcium cai and suppressed basal prl release current and voltage clamp experiments revealed coordinate actions of the peptide on excitable membrane properties srif nm enhanced a depolarizationactivated rapidly inactivating outward k current thereby effectively reducing the rate at which action potentials occurred over the nm range srif slowly activated a virtually noninactivating k conductance over a wide range of membrane potential this effectively hyperpolarized cells away from the threshold for triggering cadependent action potentials and shunted the membrane the peptide induced k conductance G1 at the level of the resting potential was progressively lost during the intracellular dialysis of wholecell recording dilute AQ lysates of cells included in the patch pipette prevented much of the rundown of this srifinduced electrical response while inclusion of an atpregenerating system preserved some of the peptide action over the nm concentration range srif also reduced voltagedependent ca current furthermore pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin abolished srif action on cellular excitability suggesting that srif can regulate the function of ionic channels through gtpbinding proteins g proteins the results demonstrate that srif acts coordinately on the primary conductances expressed in tumor prl cells to attenuate or block ca action potential generation and thus ga entry from extracellular sourcesabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
we develop and apply the diagrammatic monte carlo technique to address the problem of the stability of the dirac liquid state in a graphenetype system against the strong longrange part of the coulomb interaction so far all attempts to deal with this problem in the fieldtheoretical framework were limited either to perturbative or RPA and PET RG treatments with diametrically opposite conclusions our calculations aim at the approximationfree solution with controlled accuracy by computing vertex corrections from higherorder skeleton diagrams and establishing the renormalization group flow of the effective coulomb coupling constant we unambiguously show that with increasing the system size l up to lnlâ¼ the coupling constant always flows towards zero ie the twodimensional dirac liquid is an asymptotically free t state with divergent fermi velocity | MEDAL |
we used laczretrovirus labeling combined with neural crest ablation in chick embryos to determine whether the cardiac neural crest cells constitute one group of multipotent cells or they emigrate from the neural tube in timedependent CG with different fates in the developing cardiovascular system we demonstrated that earlymigrating cardiac neural crest cells hh massively target the aorticopulmonary SP and pharyngeal arch arteries while the latemigrating cardiac neural crest cells hh are restricted to the PT part of the pharyngeal arch arteries these results suggest a prominent role for earlymigrating cells in outflow tract septation and a CF for latemigrating cells in pharyngeal arch i.a. CR we demonstrated in cultures of NT explants an intrinsic difference between the early and late populations however by performing heterochronic transplantations we showed that the latemigrating cardiac neural crest cells were not developmentally restricted and could contribute to the condensed mesenchyme of the aorticopulmonary septum when transplanted to a younger environment our findings on the exact timing and migratory SMB of cardiac neural crest cells will help narrow the range of factors and genes that are involved in neural crestrelated congenital heart diseases | MEDAL |
all febrile episodes a total of which occurred in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia treated in four norwegian centres during the period were studied retrospectively in order to assess the tau of antibiotic treatment of these episodes were initially treated with benzyl penicillin and aminoglycoside ST while alternative empirical treatment was given in the remaining cases the treatment was successful in of the febrile episodes initially treated with ST and in of the episodes which received alternative antibiotics for both types of treatment a change to second line antibiotic regimen was made for various reasons in a majority of cases the combination benzyl penicillin and aminoglycoside seems to be a safe empirical treatment for febrile neutropenia in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia in our treatment centres provided that the treatment is modified in patients with unsatisfactory clinical response | MEDAL |
the hypothesis has been developed that increased PD vasomotor tone superimposed on a preexisting obstruction is a possible mechanism responsible for resting and exertional angina in patients stenotic lesions the maximal changes in PD diameter mm induced by an ergometrine test followed by an injection of isosorbide dinitrate were assessed by a quantitative computerbased angiographic system if we assume that there is no change in the length of the artery as the result of changes in its diameter then at any point of the artery the area of the arterial wall on a transverse cross section of the vessel will be constant regardless of its state of its contraction or dilatation as vasoconstriction occurs the luminal diameter decreases proportionally more than the outer diameter of the vessel and the wall thickness increases using elementary geometric principles we calculated and reconstructed the changes that might occur at the stenotic sites as the result of vasomotion acting on the entire coronary segment from the reference diameter in the control state ri mm and after vasoconstriction ric mm and the one diameter in the control state ri mm the minimal obstruction diameter after vasoconstriction ric mm was derived using the following equation ric ri ri ric in four of lesions the decrease in diameter of the lumen of the normal vessel was fully translated to the stenotic point and the decrease in diameter at the stenosis was correctly predictedabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a clinicopathological study was performed on dogs with myelofibrosis mf in order to correlate clinical laboratory and histomorphological parameters and investigate factors of prognostic significance the clinical signs included fatigue weight loss anorexia and diarrhea physical findings included pale mucous membranes and wastingemaciation the major laboratory observations were moderate to severe poorlyresponsive anemia with various degrees of marrow cellularity and fibrosis all dogs with severe nonresponsive anemia should have a bone marrow core biopsy stained for connective tissue in order to detect myelofibrosis myelofibrosis regressed in six dogs | MEDAL |
adp ribosylation factor arf is a small guanosine triphosphate gtpbinding protein that regulates the IB of coat proteins to membranes and is required for several stages of vesicular transport arf also stimulates phospholipase d pld activity which can alter the lipid content of CM by conversion of phospholipids into phosphatidic acid abundant pld activity was found in golgienriched CM from several cell lines golgi pld activity was greatly stimulated by arf and gtp analogs and this stimulation could be inhibited by brefeldin a bfa a drug that blocks binding of arf to golgi membranes furthermore in golgi membranes from bfaresistant ptk cells basal pld activity was high and not stimulated by exogenous arf or gtp analogs thus arf activates pld on the golgi complex suggesting a possible link between transport events and the underlying architecture of the lipid bilayer | MEDAL |
the synthesis of phosphatidylserine and its translocation to the mitochondria were examined in permeabilized chinese hamster ovary chok cells by following the metabolism of a hserine F0 to h phosphatidylserine ptdser and hphosphatidylethanolamine ptdetn in physiological salt solutions approximating the intracellular ionic composition both the synthesis of ptdser and its translocation required atp the atp requirement for ptdser synthesis could be completely bypassed and that for translocation could be partially bypassed at ca concentrations times the intracellular physiological level ie mm the atpdependent synthesis of ptdser could be inhibited by chelation of ca with egta inhibition of ca sequestration with ditertbutylhydroquinone mobilization of sequestered ca with ionomycin and competition for hserine with ethanolamine the inhibition of the atpdependent synthesis of ptdser by the aforementioned inhibitors provided an efficient method to rapidly arrest the incorporation of hserine into hptdser by pulselabeling the hptdser pool and arresting further synthesis with inhibitors the translocation of nascent ptdser could be uncoupled from synthesis the results of these pulselabelingarrest experiments provide unambiguous evidence that ptdser translocation to the mitochondria is not driven by ptdser synthesis the addition of apyrase to atpsupplemented permeabilized cells abruptly terminates hserine incorporation into hptdser and the decarboxylation of hptdser to mmhg and was mmhg at the time of follow up months years p less than aneurysms were not detected in a yearold girl with congenital MS the gradient fell from mmhg to mmhg immediately after the procedure there were no serious complications IP arterial lesions required medical or surgical treatment in of cases our report suggests that balloon valvuloplasty and angioplasty is a safe and welltolerated procedure in childhood it can reduce the gradient in congenital left HR obstructions with good shortterm and intermediateterm results | MEDAL |
in this paper the authors review the literature and share their experience of the principal biological markers of fibrosis for the DUE of periportal fibrosis ppf caused by mansoni schistosomiasis these biological markers are compared to diagnostic ultrasound us scans as means of grading ppf we also review PC type i and iii CIV laminin hyaluronic acid ha immunoglobulin g platelets AST aminotransferase to platelet ratio index apri and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase as markers of the disease although there are several good markers for evaluating ppf and portal hypertension such as ha platelets or apri none can yet replace us these markers may however be used to identify patients at greater risk of developing advanced disease in endemic Az and determine who will need further care and us studies | MEDAL |
the pharmacokinetics of progesterone after oral administration were investigated after a single dose of mg serum concentrations of progesterone around nm and of alphahydroxypregneneone around nm were recorded within hours and elevated levels persisted for hours there were only minor changes in alphahydroxyprogesterone concentrations and serum C2 of androstenedione and cortisol were unaffected a significant conversion of circulating progesterone into deoxycorticosterone was demonstrated during clinical treatment with oral progesterone the individual SS concentrations of this potent mineralocorticoid were closely correlated to the progesterone concentrations this observation could be important as regards the etiology of certain clinical disorders characterized by fluid retention according to competitive IB analyses there was no evidence that progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate could cause significant MSD of cortisol from corticosteroidbinding globulin during clinical treatment the effects of NK and synthetic hormones upon subfractions of HD lipoprotein hdl cholesterol and liver proteins were followed in postmenopausal women during replacement therapy with various estrogenprogestogen combinations the total SS cholesterol level was significantly reduced during treatment with all estrogen regimens the concentrations of hdl cholesterol hdl cholesterol apolipoprotein a i and a ii were increased in a dosedependent pattern during unopposed ET the potency of micrograms of EE2 was estimated to be equivalent to mg of estradiol valerate estrogen effects were significantly reversed by levonorgestrel micrograms and also by MPA acetate mg during treatment with NK progesterone no changes were recorded in hdl cholesterol or its subfractions as compared with the lipoproteins pregnancy zone protein and sex hormone IB AHG shbg were found to be more sensitive to the alkylated than to the nonalkylated estrogen both levonorgestrel and medroxyprogesterone acetate clearly reduced shbg C2 after months whereas MP had no such effect while tamoxifen counteracted the therapeutic and metabolic effects of estrogen the sequential addition of estriol had no apparent influence unopposed estrogen treatment enhanced liver lecithin synthesis along pathway i ie reduced the amount of stearic acid and increased the amount of palmitic acid the effects were dosedependent and no qualitative differences between ethinyl estradiol and EV were recorded | MEDAL |
serum zinc concentration was measured by ETAAS in normal males normal females patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans patients with thromboangiitis obliterans patients with takayasus disease the mean serum zinc concentration was se mug ml in the normal male controls mug ml in patients with ASO without ulcers p less than and mug ml in patients with TAO without ulcers SS zinc concentration showed to be more decreased in patients with these diseases who had ulcers the mean SS zinc concentration was mug ml in the normal female controls mug ml in patients with takayasus disease who had never been treated with CS and mug ml in patients with this disease who had been treated with this drug p less than the zinc level was significantly lower in crp positive patients with takayasus disease than in crp negative patients p less than | MEDAL |
the aim of this in vitro was to evaluate the effects of TCP tcp and amorphous calcium phosphate acp containing varnish materials and eryag laser irradiation on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets forty extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into four treatment CG ie in each group nafacp varnish naftcp varnish eryag laser and control no treatment eryag laser was operated at a wavelength of μm and the energy output was mj per pulse a PP duration of μsec and and a frequency of hz were used with water cooling all samples were then put into ph cycles surface microhardness values and representative sem images were assessed surface microhardness values were evaluated using kruskalwallis and mannwhitney u tests the results revealed that demineralization was significantly lower in the tcp and acp varnish groups whereas mean surface microhardness values of the tcp varnish were found higher than the acp p tcp and acp varnish materials were found effective for reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets use of eryag laser irradiation as described in this study for inhibition of demineralization was found not satisfactory | MEDAL |
the ultrastructure of nitric oxide synthaseimmunoreactive nosir axons innervating the guineapig lingual i.a. was investigated by means of preembedding immunohistochemistry using an indirect peroxidase technique and diaminobenzidine sections ranging in thickness from to nm were ultrastructurally evaluated in elastic brightfield imaging mode thick sections optimum at nm were advantageous for enhancement of the labelling intensity whilst some subcellular details were better revealed by thin sections nosir axon terminals often contained aggregations of C1 DCVs consistent with a previous CS microscopical report on colocalization of nos and vasoactive intestinal peptideimmunoreactivity in these fibres nosir axons formed direct neuromuscular junctions width less than nm at the outer surface of the tunica media thus providing a structural basis for nitrergic vasodilation in addition nosir axons made direct contacts with nonvaricose and varicose segments of nonreactive axons suggesting interneuronal communication between these elements | MEDAL |
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