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MF has been increasingly used for water treatment and wastewater reclamation in recent years to further improve the effectiveness of membrane process and reduce membrane fouling a highly reactive photocatalytic membrane agtiohydroxiapiate hap capoohalo was employed to realize microfiltration mf coupling photocatalysis for surface water treatment the effectiveness on the potential of membrane was investigated by removing SHA ha test under different feed total organic carbon toc CS intensity and TM pressure tmp the ha removal and antifouling property of asprepared membrane was improved under uv irradiation likely due to photocatalytic degradation of foulants along with filtration simultaneously under given feed water composition increasing the light intensity resulted in increased removal of ha from AQ solution however a limiting tmp seems to exist beyond which the increased ha removal cannot be sustained fouling behavior analysis indicated that the transition in fouling mode from initial pore blocking to cake filtration occurred much slower as uv irradiated furthermore a superior efficiency on removal of trace organic contaminants as well as milder flux reduction was presented from surface water treatment which demonstrated that the integrated system with enhanced performance is foreseen as an emerging technique for water treatment | MEDAL |
the effects of dihydroergocriptine dhecp a dihydrogenated ergot alkaloid with dopaminergic agonistic and alphaadrenergic antagonistic properties were studied in women with prlsecreting microprolactinomas and compared with those recorded in previously studied patients treated with bromocriptine brc after acute administration of mg dhecp orally SS prl decreased by sd only patient was unresponsive the nadir was reached at min long term treatment with increasing dhecp doses caused a progressive prl fall from sd to microgramsl T3 week of a mg twice daily regimen to microgramsl after week of mg twice daily microgramsl after week of mg twice daily and to microgramsl throughout months of treatment with mg dhecp times daily seventyseven percent of patients had normal serum prl levels during chronic treatment all women including those with supranormal serum prl levels resumed regular menses and had ovulatory cycles woman became pregnant galactorrhea disappeared in all during treatment the prl response to trh initially absent in all patients became positive in in patients after dhecp treatment for months high definition computed tomographic scan no longer showed the focal lesions initially seen T3 drug withdrawal serum prl increased again in all except patient two patients had regular menses for months and still had no adenoma imaged by high definition computed tomography in brctreated patients the SS prl changes and clinical results were very similar to those in the dhecptreated patients except for the persistence of NS prl levels in patients T3 drug withdrawal on the other hand sideeffects were negligible during dhecp treatment but remarkable during brc BP decreased by only and mm hg respectively T3 acute mg dhecp administration but decreased by and mm hg T3 acute mg brc administration orthostatic hypotension and peripheral vasomotor phenomena occurred in the long term dhecp treated patients except one but they occurred in and of those treated with brc respectively gastric discomfort or mild nausea occurred in dhecptreated patients while mild or severe nausea or vomiting were observed in and of those taking brc respectivelyabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
TOC concentration and fatty acid composition were determined in samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue from young and old women young women exhibited more saturated fatty acids and less monounsaturated fatty acids than old women p less than adipose tissue tocopherol correlated with plasma TOC with r and p less than when the data for young and old were combined a negative association was found between AT tocopherol and the nn fatty acid ratio in the old women r p less than suggesting that the tocopherol content of AT is determined not only by the NI of the nutrient but also by the tissue HFA composition | MEDAL |
the mobility of drops on surfaces is important in many biological and industrial processes but the phenomena governing their adhesion which is dictated by the morphology of the threephase contact L1 remain unclear here we describe a technique for measuring the dynamic behaviour of the threephase contact line at micron length scales using environmental scanning electron microscopy we examine a superhydrophobic surface on which a drops adhesion is governed by capillary bridges at the receding contact line we measure the microscale receding CA of each bridge and show that the gibbs criterion is satisfied at the microscale we reveal a hitherto unknown selfsimilar depinning mechanism that shows how some hierarchical textures such as lotus leaves lead to reduced pinning and counterintuitively how some lead to increased pinning we develop a MM to predict adhesion force and experimentally verify the models broad applicability on both synthetic and natural textured surfaces | MEDAL |
this study assessed whether progression of PD AS lesions could be predicted in the short term using various lipid profiles in patients years undergoing coronary angioplasty and with month followup angiography quantitative coronary angiography of a new or changed lesion was performed in the followup examination except for MI vessels the progressionregression score of the assessed lesion was calculated as the baseline minus the followup minimal lumen diameter the SS lipoprotein a level was higher in the progression group progressionregression score mm than in the regression group or mm p and the no NC group within mm p remnantlike lipoprotein particlecholesterol and apolipoproteinb levels were also higher in the progression group however multiple regression analysis of the progression showed that the progressionregression score was independently correlated with lipoprotein a alone r p this shows that lipoprotein a is an independent predictor of coronary atherosclerotic lesion progression over the short term | MEDAL |
the nuclear phosphoprotein cjun encoded by the protooncogene cjun is a L1 component of the ap complex a potent transcriptional regulator cjun is also able to transform normal REC in cooperation with an activated charas gene by deletion analysis we identified the regions of cjun encoding transformation and transactivation functions our studies indicate that there is a direct rho between the ability of the cjun protein to activate transcription and cotransform REC the regions involved in these functions include the conserved leucine zipperdna binding domain and an ED near its n terminus this NT region spans amino acids to of the cjun proteilisnissens procedure could be used for such cases but conservative procedures via a thoracic approach has no indications for us c group was treated by resection colonic interposition when possible and consisted of peptic ulcers extensive sinuous and poorly dilatable strictures or suspected cancer n decisional AF were stricture size height level response to preoperative dilatation ulcer hemorrhagic or suspicion of carcinoma acquired short oesophagus barretts oesophagus previous surgical treatment intensity or type of reflux was not decisional with this policy only recurrences occurred all after reposition for stricture successfully treated by resection or duodenal diversion the low recurrence rate confirms the decisional value of the chosen criteria | MEDAL |
potato virus y pvy a potyvirus has an rna genome containing nucleotides of which belong to the nontranslated region ntr contrary to most eukaryotic mrnas that have a cap structure the potyvirus rna has a genomelinked protein vpg in order to understand the mechanisms of pvy rna translation initiation hybridarrest translation was used to localize sequences involved in binding of proteins andor ribosomes the ntr was fused to the betaglucuronidase gus reporter gene six antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were used for hybridization and the efficiency of the in vitro translation of the hybridized mrna was modified to different levels depending upon the position of the oligodeoxynucleotide used the highest inhibition was obtained with an oligodeoxynucleotide hybridized to the end in addition translation of gus mrna containing the pvy ntr was greatly enhanced when this mrna was capped these results differ from those obtained with the tobacco etch virus tev and three picornaviruses but are similar to those obtained with capped mrna | MEDAL |
ILO a stable prostacyclin analogue is known to have beneficial effects on the disturbed MC to develop a topical application for venous leg ulcers it is necessary to know the extent to which ILO might be absorbed through the ulcer base the aim of this T0 was to measure the absorption kinetics of iloprost solutions in increasing concentrations and doses micrograms micrograms in patients there was considerable R2 amongst the patievity by using the vaccinia virust transient expression system a series of f protein CT truncation mutants was studied with respect to intracellular and surface expression and the ability to induce cell F0 when coexpressed with the corresponding hemagglutininneuraminidase hn proteins all of the CT truncation mutants of pif were expressed at high levels intracellularly or on cell surfaces as measured by immunoprecipitation and cell surface biotinylation assays in addition when coexpressed with pihn these truncation mutants of pif were all found to be essentially unimpaired in the ability to induce cell F0 as measured by a quantitative cell F0 assay in contrast surface expression and cell fusion activity were found to be eliminated by a mutant of pif in which the entire CT was deleted and the mutant protein appeared to be unable to assemble into a highmolecularweight oligomeric structure to further investigate whether there is a specific CS requirement in the CT of pif a chimeric protein consisting of the pif extracellular and transmembrane domains and the pif CT was constructed this chimeric protein was detected on the surface and it was capable of inducing cell fusion when expressed together with pihn although the fusogenic activity was reduced compared with that of wildtype pif these results demonstrate that although pi and pi viruses belong to the same parainfluenza virus genus these viruses show marked differences with respect to functional requirements for the CT of the f glycoprotein | MEDAL |
studies in vitro suggest that cephalosporin antibiotics PR the gut hormone cholecystokinin cholecystokinin is known to inhibit GE here we examine the effects of CCL on gastric emptying and intestinal motility male spraguedawley rats were fitted with gastric cannulas following a week REC the rate of gastric emptying of saline peptone or cefaclor was determined T3 instillation into the gastric cannula while intestinal transit was measured by using the propagation of arabic gum charcoal mixture given intraduodenally GE of saline was significantly delayed by the addition of cefaclor or mm the ccka antagonist srb mg kg ip reversed the delay induced by mm CCL whereas the cckb antagonist ci mg kg ip had no significant effect in capsaicintreated rats mm cefaclor emptied more rapidly than in vehicletreated animals thirtyminute intestinal transit was increased at and mm of CCL while the gastric acid secretion following CCL instillation was no different than the group which received saline the cephalosporin antibiotic CCL appears to be a potent stimulant of cck PR from gut endocrine cells resembling the effects of peptone CCL delays gastric emptying via capsaicinsensitive afferent pathways which involve ccka receptor interaction | MEDAL |
acanthocytic red cells in patients with abetalipoproteinemia are morphologically similar to the red cells in spur cell anemia fluidity of membrane lipids is decreased in spur cells due to their excess cholesterol content acanthocyte membranes have an increased content of sphingomyelin and a decreased content of lecithin to assess the effect of this abnormality of acanthocyte membrane lipid composition on membrane fluidity we studied red cells from five patients with abetalipoproteinemia and four obligate nu/+ family members membrane fluidity was measured in terms of microviscosity eta at degrees c assessed by means of the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene it was increased from poise in normals to poise in acanthocytes this was associated with an increase in the sphingomyelinlecithin ratio from in normals in in acanthocytes the eta of acanthocyte membranes was not influenced by the degree of vitamin e deficiency similar changes in eta were observed in liposomes prepared from red cbral form of the disease which comprises nearly one half of recently reported cases is most often found in uncontrolled diabetics or profoundly dehydrated children infection usually begins in the nose and progresses through the paranasal sinuses invading the orbit and cns secondarily despite the known pathogenesis of this disease the ophthalmologist is often first to consider the diagnosis due to inadequate intranasal examination by the primary physician the delay caused by late occurrence of orbital manifestations has resulted in poor survival rates despite vigorous therapy in recent years increased physician awareness has led to earlier diagnosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis this report presents cases with which we have delt since the longterm survival rate is aggressive surgical therapy with repeated debridement in combination with intravenous amphotericin b have led to this high rate of cure | MEDAL |
how L2 l learning is achieved in the human BB remains one of the fundamental questions of neuroscience and linguistics previous neuroimaging studies with bilinguals have consistently shown overlapping cortical organization of the native language l and l leading to a prediction that a common neurobiological marker may be responsible for the OD of the two languages here by using functional mri we show that later skills to read in l are predicted by the activity level of the fusiformcaudate circuit in the left hemisphere which nonetheless is not predictive of the ability to read in the native language we scanned yold children while they performed a lexical decision task on l and l stimuli the subjects written language reading skills were behaviorally assessed twice the first time just before we performed the fmri scan time reading and the second time y later time reading a wholebrain based analysis revealed that activity levels in left caudate and left fusiform gyrus correlated with l literacy skills at time after controlling for the effects of time reading and nonverbal iq or the effect of inscanner lexical performance the OD in l literacy skills time reading was also predicted by activity in left Cd and fusiform regions that are thought to mediate language control functions and resolve competition arising from l during l learning our findings suggest that the activity level of left caudate and fusiform regions serves as an important neurobiological marker for predicting accomplishment in reading skills in a new language | MEDAL |
in experimental studies on mice it was shown that quinpirole a selective agonist of DA postsynaptic d receptors possessed a pronounced antiamnestic activity administration of quinpirole before testing on nd and nd days reactivated the retrieval of passive avoidance impaired by an amnestic agent the drug effect depended on the duration of psychogenic amnesia it is suggested that the postsynaptic DA d receptors are actively involved in the neurochemical mechanisms of SM trace retrieval | MEDAL |
coronary flow is normally autoregulated so that within wide limits of changes in perfusion pressure which approximate to diastolic bp blood flow to the HR remains constant thus as perfusion pressure falls the coronary arterioles dilate to maintain flow under basal conditions a fivefold increase in coronary flow can occur ie a flow reserve of five coronary flow reserve is markedly impaired in the presence of severe CAS andor lvh in the presence of severe stenosis and lvh a fall in perfusion pressure dbp which would be normally well tolerated results in a fall of CF ecg changes and ventricular dysfunction fall in ejection fraction instead of the usual increase the above mechanisms underlie the jcurve relationship between dbp and myocardial infarction mi in high risk hypertensives in the absence of overt PD disease cad and lvh the lower the dbp the better however in the presence of cad and lvh lowering the dbp phase to below the lowmid s results in an increased frequency of mi | MEDAL |
most and perhaps all naturalcellmediated cytotoxicity ncmc may be activated by a response to exogenous infections specificpathogenfree spf mice have little or no A-NK nk cell activity but when they are relocated in conventional conditions they develop strong ncmc within to days unlike other spf animals hypothymic nude mice display good ncmc which is further augmented upon their entry into a pathogenic environment the ontogeny genetic control and other features of pathogenactivated ncmc resemble those previously described for nk cells an hd region ncmc regulatory gene is active in either a homozygous or heterozygous state but to be operative seems to require the presence of an additional complementing locus which maps outside the h complex it is proposed that h influences ncmc C2 by affecting the expression or immunogenicity of nk cellactivating determinants recently activated nk cells were nonadherent and lacked ia and thy determinants ncmc was not affected by treatment with monoclonal hightiter thy antisera and complement however an ly AS did contain antink cytotoxic activity which was shown by absorption analysis to be distinct from antily activity the nk antigen has a strain CSD DP distinct from ly and other ly markers but may be related or MZ to nk | MEDAL |
gastrointestinal nematodes gin are a crucial restraint to grazing sheep production worldwide this T0 was conducted to determine the infections and anthelmintic resistance ar of gin in pasturebased sheep in the eastern inner mongolia china gin eggs were tested from grazing sheep feces of farms using saturated saline flotation method and mcmasters method the egg hatch test eht and the faecal egg count reduction test fecrt were used to evaluate resistance of gin to anthelmintics we found that the average infection rate was range the grand mean faecal egg count fec was epg epg range epg there were significant differences in gin infection among different breeds of sheep the CS of infection intensity and infection rate were small fat tail ujimqin ju ud p the ERP doses ed of albendazoleabz and lev lms for expelling were µgml and µgml respectively the percentagked to a higher risk of spontaneous IC hemorrhagean association that may be augmented by oral anticoagulants oac we aimed to assess whether preadmission treatment with ssris in patients with AIS is associated with postthrombolysis symptomatic IC hemorrhage sich and PET outcome | MEDAL |
a subset of human follicular helper t cells tfh cells expresses cd for which no distinct function has been identified we show that cd tfh cells are universally pd | MEDAL |
fragile x syndrome the most common cause of inherited mental retardation is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the fmr gene due to an unstable expansion of a cgg trinucleotide repeat and its subsequent hypermethylation in its utr this gene encodes for the fragile x mental retardation protein fmrp an rnabinding protein that has been shown to use its rgg box domain to bind to g quartetforming rna in this T0 we performed a detailed analysis of the interactions between the fmrp rgg box domain and one of its proposed rna targets human semaphorin f sf rna by using biophysical methods such as fluorescence uv and CD we show that this rna forms a g quartetcontaining structure which is recognized with high affinity and specificity by the fmrp rgg box in addition we analyzed the interactions of human sf rna with the rgg box and rg cluster of the two fmrp autosomal paralogs the fxrp and fxrp we found that this rna is bound with high affinity and specificity only by the fxrp rgg box but not by the fxrp rg cluster both fmrp and fxrp rgg box are able to unwind the g quartet structure of sf rna however the peptide concentrations required in this process are very different a ratio of rnafmrp rgg box versus rnafxrp rgg box | MEDAL |
aquaporins aqps are small integral membrane proteins that are essential for water transport across membranes aqp one of the rat aqps including aqp to has been reported to be highly expressed in hydrarthrosis and synovitis patients given that several studies have identified signal transduction as an additional function of aqps it is hypothesized that aqp may modulate inflammatory signal transduction in chondrocytes therefore the present T0 used a MM of interleukin ilâβâinduced inflammation to determine the mechanisms associated with aqp functions in chondrocytes OA oa and normal cartilage samples were subjected to immunohistological analysis in addition matrix metalloproteinase mmp mmp and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs adamtsâ mrna and protein analysis was conducted in normal human articular chondrocytes from the knee nhacâkn stimulated with ilâβ by reverse transcriptionâpolymerase chain reaction rtâqpcr and western blotting respectively aqp knockdown was also performed by transfection of aqpâspecific small interfering rna using lipofectamine aqp and mrna expression C2 were detected in oa human chondrocytes and in ilâβâtreated normal human chondrocytes the levels of aqp mmpâ mmpâ and adamtsâ mrna were increased by treatment with ngml ilâβ in a timeâdependent manner while knockdown of aqp expression significantly decreased the mrna C2 of the mmp mmp and adamtsâ genes as well as the phosphorylation of iκb kinase ikk treatment with a TPS ikk inhibitor also significantly decreased the expression C2 of mmpâ mmpâ and adamtsâ in response to ilâβ stimulation furthermore IHC demonstrated that aqp and inflammatory markers were highly expressed in oa cartilage in addition the downregulation of aqp in cultured chondrocytes decreased the catabolic gene expression in response to ilâβ stimulation through nuclear factorâκb signaling therefore aqp may be a promising target for the treatment of oa | MEDAL |
the serotonin htab receptor agonist eltoprazine suppressed dyskineticlike behavior in animal models of parkinsons disease pd but simultaneously reduced LD ldopainduced motility moreover adenosine aa receptor antagonists such as preladenant significantly increased ldopa tau in pd without exacerbating dyskineticlike SMB | MEDAL |
severe cases of hdn occur T3 the immunization of the mother with k kel antigen to date the only means of evaluating the concentration of antik in maternal serum is by titration with an indirect antiglobulin test iat a more accurate estimation of the SS antik concentration is needed | MEDAL |
the sparsefur spf mutant mouse has an xlinked deficiency of hepatic Orn transcarbamylase otc and develops hyperammonemia immediately after weaning and maintains it throughout its life span we have studied the effects of acetyllcarnitine alcar on the hepatic mitochondrial proteins of the chronically hyperammonemic spf mice two different age CG of mice were studied the weanlings weeks and the AD mice weeks our results indicate that in the mitochondrial matrix the UT chronic hyperammonemia induced a significant increase in the quantity of kda protein in spf adult mice T3 alcar treatment in spf AD mice the quantities of the kda kda and kda matrix proteins were significantly increased in the mitochondrial inner membrane fraction of the spf weanling mice a kda protein was significantly increased by alcar treatment our results show that a chronic hyperammonemia has altered the mitochondrial matrix protein profile in spf mice that b alcar has a modulating effect on various matrix and inner membrane proteins and that c there was no effect of hyperammonemia or alcar treatment on the outer membrane proteins | MEDAL |
adrenal medullary chromaffin cells were maintained under conditions known to increase their cellular levels of enkephalincontaining MMP and the effects of these treatments on another chromaffin vesicle component dopamine betahydroxylase were examined catecholaminedepleting drugs such as tetrabenazine and cyclic nucleotideelevating drugs including forskolin bromocyclic amp and theophylline increase chromaffin cell enkephalincontaining peptide C2 but fail to increase dopamine betahydroxylase in contrast insulin treatment increases the levels of both EC peptides and dopamine betahydroxylase the increased amounts of EC peptides produced by tetrabenazine and by insulin are stored in subcellular particles with properties identical to chromaffin vesicles on densitygradient centrifugation these results suggest that following insulin treatment BCC synthesize new chromaffin vesicles with a full complement of enkephalincontaining peptides but that T3 treatment with catecholaminedepleting or cyclic nucleotiderelated agents enkephalincontaining peptides can be inserted into preexisting vesicles or that new vesicles made as a part of the normal turnover of cellular components contain elevated peptide C2 | MEDAL |
cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum sr caatpase sercaa is responsible for most of the ca removal during diastole and a larger ca handling SE consumer in excitationcontraction ec coupling to understand the cardiac performance under longterm sercaa overexpression conditions we established sercaa transgenic tg wistar rats to analyze cardiac mechanical work and energetics in normal NF during pacing at beatsmin sercaa protein expression was increased in tgi and tgii rats f and f of the same father and different mothers mean left VVI lv ESP esp and systolic PVA pva a total mechanical energy per beat at midrange lv volume mlvv were significantly larger in tgi rats and were unchanged in tgii rats compared to those in nontg wildtype wt littermates mean myocardial oxygen consumption per minute for ec coupling was significantly increased and the mean slope of myocardial oxygen consumption per beat vopva systolic pva linear relation was smaller but the overall o cost of lv +dP/dt for ca is unchanged in all tg rats mean ca concentration exerting maximal espmlvv in tgii rats was significantly higher than that in wt rats the ca overloading protocol did not elicit mitochondrial swelling in tgii rats tolerance to higher ca concentrations may support the possibility for enhanced sercaa activity in tgii rats in conclusion LT sercaa overexpression enhanced or maintained lv mechanics improved contractile efficiency under higher SE expenditure for ca handling and improved ca tolerance but it did not change the overall o cost of Emax for ca in normal NF of tg rats | MEDAL |
fortythree consecutive patients with MBC and clearly measurable disease were treated with sequential multiagent chemotherapy therapy consisted of the administration in fixed CS of cisplatin doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide pac four cycles vinblastine doxorubicin and dexamethasone vad six cycles and vp methotrexate and fluorouracil vmf six cycles at the conclusion of cycles of chemotherapy all treatment was stopped patients were assessed for toxicity and disease response T3 each treatment duration of response and survival rate were determined for evaluable patients the overall response rate was with complete responses to pac alone median duration of response months and median survival months were not superior to other reported multiagent chemotherapeutic programs toxicity included neutropenic fever sepsis renal failure and electrolyte imbalance administration of sequential multiagent chemotherapy with a cisplatincontaining combination did not improve response rate complete responses cr duration of response or survival in this group of previously untreated breast cancer patients | MEDAL |
six horses received intraarticular i.v. of a mixture of micrograms of endotoxin mg of equine tumor CN factor eqtnf monoclonal antibody in antebrachiocarpal joint and an equal volume ml of micrograms of endotoxin mg of control antibody in the opposite joint synovial fluid sample collection ml was accomplished by use of an indwelling intraarticular catheter at PIH pih and and by arthrocentesis at pih joint fluid samples were analyzed for nucleated cell count protein concentration and tnf interleukin il il and ilinhibitory MICs to monitor local inflammation each carpus was graded semiquantitatively for swelling prior to each sample collection tumor necrosis factor il or ilinhibitory activity was ND in any synovial fluid sample collected before endotoxinantibody was administered however low il activity uml was found in of preinjection samples in joints injected with endotoxincontrol antibody mixture maximal mean sem MICs for tnf uml il uml and il x uml were observed at pih and respectively TN factor and il activities returned to baseline values by pih and respectively however il activity remained high interleukin LIA iuml was detected in all pih samples from control joints but was ND at any other time in control joints limit of PCD iuml TN factor activity was not detected in any synovial fluid sample from joints treated with endotoxineqtnf antibody in contrast endotoxin il LIA pih was higher in eqtnf antibodytreated joints iuml than in control joints but the difference was not significant mean wbc count and protein concentration in control and treated joints were maximal at pih the curves for mean values of wbc count and total protein concentration were not significantly different in treated versus control joints swelling in each treated joint was either less than or the same as that in the opposite control joint at even time in the initial pih there was significant p difference between treated and control joints at pih and these results describe a profile of synovial fluid tnf il il bioactivities and ilinhibitory activity during the initial hours of synovitis induced by intraarticular administration of endotoxin in horses our eqtnf monoclonal antibody was ERP in NT tnf activity in synovial fluid when administered intraarticularly with endotoxin in horses the induction of il il LIA il wbc and total protein concentration responses are largely independent of tnf activity in synovial fluid of horses receiving endotoxin intraarticularly | MEDAL |
water samples from a variety of sources in kelantan malaysia lakes ponds rivers ditches fish farms and sewage were screened for the presence of bacteriophages infecting vibrio cholerae ten strains of v cholerae that appeared to be free of inducible prophages were used as the host strains eleven bacteriophage isolates were obtained by PI assay three of which were lytic and further characterized the morphologies of the three lytic phages were similar with each having an icosahedral head ca nm in diameter a neck and a sheathed tail ca nm in length characteristic of the family myoviridae the genomes of the lytic phages were indistinguishable in length ca kb nuclease sensitivity digestible with dnase i but not rnase a or s nuclease and RE sensitivity identical banding patterns with hindiii no digestion with seven other enzymes testing for infection against strains of v cholerae and other species of enteric bacteria revealed that all three isolates had a narrow hr and were only capable of infecting v cholerae o el tor inaba the similar morphologies indistinguishable genome characteristics and identical host ranges of these lytic isolates suggests that they represent one phage or several very closely related phages present in different water sources these isolates are good candidates for further biophagecontrol sogs both groups were measured for all parameters on the admission day and on the first second and seventh day of the disease dogs that were included in this T0 had SIRS sirs and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome mods it was demonstrated that the level of ltb pge txb in dogs naturally infected with b canis significantly changed during the disease the level of ltb was significantly higher during the study while the concentration of pge was significantly higher second third and seventh day of disease in relation with healthy dogs the level of txb was significantly lower at the beginning of the disease but after seven days concentration was significantly higher both group of patients with sirs and mods had significantly higher level of ltb substained high concentrations of pge were observed in dogs with mods T3 therapy but not in dogs with sirs and ltb followed a similar tendency on the other hand increases in txb were only significant in dogs with sirs the lipid profile in naturally INF dogs with b canis infection was significantly changed further studies are needed to assess the prognostic values of lipid mediators in dogs with b canis infection and the ability of these markers to predict the progress of sirs and mods | MEDAL |
this T0 was undertaken to assess the value of SL nitroglycerin administration during upright tilt as a simple practical test for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope to this purpose patients with syncope of unknown origin and no evidence of organic heart disease men mean age years and asymptomatic control subjects underwent HUT with nitroglycerin challenge patients and subjects were tilted at degrees for T2 the initial T2 were without medication and the final minutes T3 micrograms of sublingual nitroglycerin during the drugfree phase of the test patients and no controls had a positive response after drug administration a positive response syncope in association with sudden hypotension and bradycardia occurred in patients and in controls whereas an exaggerated or falsepositive response minor or different symptoms in association with slowly increasing SH CT was observed in patients and in controls we conclude that the SL nitroglycerin headup tilt test is a useful tool to unmask the vasovagal origin of unexplained syncope in patients without organic HR disease the addition of nitroglycerin to upright tilt allows the positive rate of passive tilting to be doubled vs while maintaining a high specificity vs | MEDAL |
the patient is a yearold man diagnosed with uveitis in although the patient was positive for hlab the primary disease could not be identified and oral administration of prednisolone psl was initiated a subsequent gradual decrease in the psl dose was accompanied by the OD of recurrent spasmodic chorioretinopathy and hypopyon in november the patient was diagnosed with behçets disease based on the findings of EN acneiform eruption and oral aphtha in order to control the ocular symptoms infliximab was administered however the patients renal function began to deteriorate in november and he was transferred to our department after months at that time his creatinine level was mgdl renal biopsy examination revealed granulomatous interstitial nephritis moreover only infliximab yielded a positive result in a druginduced LS test dlst following initiation of psl administration at mgday his renal CF improved his creatinine level remained constant at approximately mgdl in the present case behçets disease sarcoidosis and infection were excluded as the underlying disease causing granulomatous interstitial nephritis moreover infliximab is reportedly involved in the OD of granulomas recent reports have stated that administration of tnfalpha inhibitors occasionally results in the OD of granulomas in the lungs and skin and sometimes in the kidneys as well when renal dysfunction occurs in patients receiving tnfalpha inhibitors we believe that it is essential to include AEs associated with tnfalpha inhibitors in the differential diagnoses | MEDAL |
from may to april a total of doublecuff tenckhoff catheters were surgically implanted in patients through a low medial laparotomy the followup on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis accounted for patientmonthly the patients who used a detachable doublebag system developed a total of four exitsite infections one tunnel infection three outer cuff erosions four catheter dislocations and two dialysate leaks in five patients the catheter had to be removed one exitsite infection two catheter breaks and two catheter dislocations cumulative catheter survival using the method of lifetime analysis was and T3 and years respectively considering all catheters implanted and and respectively when peritonitisrelated removal was excluded | MEDAL |
the cdε CT contains a conserved prolinerich CS prs that influences tcrcd expression and signaling although the prs can bind the sh domain of the cytosolic adapter nck whether the prs is constitutively available for nck IB or instead represents a cryptic motif that is exposed via conformational NC upon tcrcd engagement cdδc is currently unresolved furthermore the extent to which a cisacting cdε basic amino acidrich stretch brs with its unique phosphoinositidebinding capability might impact prs accessibility is not clear in this study we found that freshly harvested primary thymocytes expressed low to moderate basal levels of nckaccessible prs opencd although most tcrcd complexes were inaccessible to nck closedcd ag presentation in vivo induced opencd accounting for half of the basal level found in thymocytes from mhc mice additional stimulation with either anticd abs or peptidemhc ligands further elevated opencd above basal levels consistent with a model wherein antigenic engagement induces maximum prs exposure we also found that the opencd conformation induced by apcs outlasted the time of ligand occupancy marking receptors that had been engaged finally cdε brsphosphoinositide interactions played no role in either adoption of the initial closedcd conformation or induction of opencd by ab stimulation thus a basal level of opencd is succeeded by a higher induced level upon tcrcd engagement involving cdδc and prolonged accessibility of the cdε prs to nck | MEDAL |
the growth and branching of the UB is a complex process that is ultimately responsible for the organization of the collecting duct system as well as the number of nephrons in the metanephric kidney while the genes involved in the regulation of this process have begun to be elucidated our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of ureteric bud morphogenesis remains rudimentary furthermore the timing and sequence of branching and elongation that gives rise to the collecting system of the kidney can only be inferred from retrospective staining or microdissection of fixed preparations to aid in the investigation of these issues we developed strains of transgenic mice in which a green fluorescent protein gfp is expressed in the ureteric bud under the control of the hoxb promoter in these mice gfp is expressed in every branch of the UB throughout renal OD and in its derivative epithelia in the adult kidney as gfp fluorescence can be easily visualized in living tissue this allows the dynamic DP of UB growth and branching to be followed over several days when the kidneys are cultured in vitro using confocal microscopy branching of the UB in all 3D can be analyzed these mice represent an extremely powerful tool to characterize the normal patterns of ureteric bud morphogenesis and to investigate the response of the bud to growth factors matrix elements and other agents that regulate its growth and branching | MEDAL |
to assess the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography cbct images obtained at different voxel sizes in detecting ligatureinduced furcation involvement | MEDAL |
a public health strategy to promote early diagnosis of hemochromatosis gene hferelated HFE hfehh largely depends on peoples acceptance of available screening tests the present T0 aimed at evaluating patient awareness of hfehh and their acceptance of dna testing in western romania | MEDAL |
the transsynovial flow qs of ringer solution from the cavity of immobile knee stifle joints was determined in anaesthetized rabbits when intraarticular HP pj was elevated in steps from to cm ho it has al study of the evolution of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in black and WG men and women aged years two parameters of submaximal ETT were evaluated time to HR rate and duration of the treadmill test in men and women qualified for treadmill testing time to reach HR rate was positively associated with ethanol intake the relationship between fitness and ethanol NI persisted in sexspecific analysis after adjustment for age ethnicity systolic blood pressure sum of subscapular and triceps SSF and physical activity level the magnitude and strength of the relationship were greater in women than in men a negative interaction between ethanol intake and smoking status was evident linear regression coefficients in men were sec to HR rate ml ethanolday in nonsmokers and sec to HR rate ml ethanolday in smokers linear regression coefficients in women were sec to heart rate ml ethanolday in nonsmokers and sec to heart rate ml ethanolday in smokers men and women who smoked showed sec longer time to HR rate regardless of ethanol NI mean daily ethanol NI was positively associated with duration of treadmill testing in women but weakly associated with duration in men these results show increased PCS fitness as ethanol NI increased in women and nonsmoking men and mildly decreased physical fitness as ethanol consumption increases among men who smokeabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
detroit has recently been distinguished as having the highest CS rate in the united states cases per LB in detroit versus in the us however depending on each health departments followup and cdc reporting these data may not accurately reflect the true CS rate this study examines the reported cases over a threeyear time period with focus on the criteria used for diagnosis all local health department CS cdc collection forms form were reviewed for the years in question the reported CS cases in the year in detroit were reviewed no cases met confirmed case criteria and few probable cases were based on neonatal evaluations the majority of CS cases were established based on incomplete maternal data such as missing followup serologic titers in the absence of CR neonatal information in conclusion although the reported congenital syphilis rate in detroit is alarmingly high the true occurrence of congenital syphilis is likely to have been overstated a health department reporting program that includes more diligent neonatal followup would allow for a more accurate representation of this public health concern | MEDAL |
previous investigations of morphology for human carotid artery bifurcation from infancy to young adulthood found substantial growth of the IC with advancing age and the development of the CSN at the root of the IC during teenage years although the reasons for the appearance of the carotid sinus are not clearly understood yet it has been hypothesized that the dilation of the CSN serves to support pressure sensing and slows the blood flow to reduce pulsatility to protect the BB in order to understand this interesting evolvement at the carotid bifurcation in the aspects of fluid mechanics we performed in vitro phasecontrast mr flow experiments using compliant silicone replicas of agedependent carotid artery bifurcations the silicone models in childhood adolescence and adulthood were fabricated using a rapid prototyping technique and incorporated with a benchtop flow mock circulation loop using a computercontrolled piston pump the results of the in vitro flow study showed highly complex flow characteristics at the bifurcation in all agedependent models however the highest magnitude of kinetic SE was found at the IC in the child MM the high KE in the IC during childhood might be one of the local hemodynamic forces that initiate morphological LT OD of the CSN in the human carotid bifurcation | MEDAL |
GK is an essential enzyme for nucleotide metabolism phosphorylating gmp to gdp or dgmp to dgdp the low molecular mass cytosolic forms of guanylate kinase are implicated primarily in the regulation of the supply of GN to cell signalling pathways the high molecular mass and membraneassociated forms of guanylate kinase homologues notably found in neuronal tissues are assigned roles in cell junction organization and transmembrane regulation here we describe the first plant guanylate kinaseencoding genes agk and agk from arabidopsis thaliana the nucleotide sequences of their genomic and cdna clones predict proteins that carry nterminal and cterminal extensions of the guanylate kinaselike domain the CAA sequences of this domain share identity with guanylate kinases from yeast escherichia coli human mouse and caenorhabditis elegans arabidopsis guanylate kinases agks exhibit a high degree of conservation of active site residues and sequence motifs in common with other nucleoside monophosphate kinases which suggests overall structural similarity of the plant proteins although bacterially expressed agk is enzymatically much less active than yeast guanylate kinase its KD is shown to complement yeast guk recessive lethal mutations agks are expressed ubiquitously in plant tissues with highest transcriptional activity detected in roots the ID of agks provides new perspectives for understanding the role of guanylate kinases in plant cell signalling pathways | MEDAL |
seasonal allergic conjunctivitis sac is caused by seasonal allergens and usually manifests as ocular itching and bulbar conjunctival injection redness treatment options for sac include corticosteroids and dualacting antihistamine and mastcell stabilizers | MEDAL |
to compare outcomes of vaginal hysterectomy vh and roboticassisted hysterectomy rh among women with conditions perceived as contraindications to vh uterine size ⥠weeks gestation no vaginal parity prior cesarean delivery and obesity | MEDAL |
the clinical value of immunoenzymatic ELISA CA PCD of antitoxoplasma immunoglobulin e ige was assessed by studying sera from subjects comprising seronegative controls and subjects with acute AS reactivated or CT included were nonimmunized adults pregnant women with recently acquired infection acute toxoplasmosis immunocompetent subjects with recently acquired severe infection active toxoplasmosis expressed as fever adenopathies splenomegaly pneumonia meningitis or disseminated infection subjectssome of them immunocompromisedwhose previously moderate igg antibody C2 rose suggesting a reactivation of quiescent toxoplasmosis and infants born to seroconverted mothers and evaluated for diagnosis of congenital infection and therapeutic management specific RAST were never detected in seronegative subjects they were present in of asymptomatic seroconverters and in of seroconverters with overt toxoplasmosis following two different kinetics in the former the specific ige titer generally presented a brief peak to months postinfection and then fell rapidly whereas TPS ige persisted at a very high titer for several months in the latter ige emerged concomitantly with the increase in igg during toxoplasmic reactivation for neonatal diagnosis of CT ige was less informative than igm and iga sensitivities and respectively and had a specificity of nevertheless simultaneous measurement of the three isotypes at birth improved the diagnostic yield to relative to the combination of iga and igm emergence of TPS ige during PN treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis is a sign of poor adherence or inadequate dosing | MEDAL |
a monoclonal antibody alpha hc raised against hcl cells reacted specifically with hcl cells and not with other normal or leukemic b cell types it also reacted with bc and with vascular ec one case of kaposis sarcoma a tumor thought to derive from ec was also stained by this antibody sinusoidal cells of CL and spleen and ec in the brain did not stain with alpha hc but ec from all other tissues and ec in culture were positive because the exact normal cell equivalent of the leukemic hairy cell is unknown similarities in phenotype and function between ec and hairy cells are of particular interest | MEDAL |
malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of tumor because malignant melanoma is difficult to treat once it has metastasized early PCD and treatment are essential the search for reliable biomarkers of earlystage melanoma therefore has received much attention by using a novel method of screening tumor antigens and their autoantibodies we identified BP antigen bpag as a melanoma antigen recognized by its autoantibody bpag is an autoantigen in the skin disease BP bp and antibpag autoantibodies are detectable in sera from bp patients and are used for bp diagnosis however bpag has been viewed as predominantly a keratinocyteassociated protein and a relationship between bpag expression and melanoma has not been previously reported in the present study we show that bpag is expressed in the mouse f melanoma cell L1 in vitro and f melanoma tumors in vivo and that bpag is expressed in human melanoma cell lines a and g and normal human MC moreover the levels of antibpag autoantibodies in the sera of melanoma patients were significantly higher than in the sera of healthy volunteers p furthermore antibpag autoantibodies were detected in melanoma patients at both early and advanced stages of disease here we report antibpag autoantibodies as a promising marker for the diagnosis of melanoma and we discuss the significance of the detection of such autoantibodies in CA biology and patients | MEDAL |
interacting with TA cytokineproducing b cells play a critical protective role in autoimmune diseases however the interaction between malignant b and t cells remains to be fully elucidated in a previous study we have reported that ligation of cclccr and cxclcxcr activates paternally expressed gene peg resulting in an enhancement of AI resistance in bcell acute lymphocytic one ball cdcd B1 here we report that ball cdcd B1 produce il at high level which can be further elevated by costimulation with ccl and cxcl cclcxclactivated ball cdcd b cells in turn increase il expression in syngeneic cd t cells in a b cellderived ildependent manner and requiring a cellcell contact il secreted from ball cdcd b cells in vitro impairs tumorspecific ctl responses of syngeneic cd t cells the impairment of cytotoxicity of syngeneic cd TA is escalated by means of cclcxclinduced upregulation of il from ball cdcd b cells moreover using a shoresults indicate that the ability to use information from multiple spatial cues is not accessible to the aged monkeys | MEDAL |
while the detrimental impact of the humoral acute V1 rejection avr phenotype is recognized the prognostic significance of isolated vlesion iv remains unclear in this retrospective singlecentre T0 avr was found in of patients who had undergone kidney transplantation in with DSA dsa evaluated in all of them the outcome of four avr phenotypes was evaluated during median followup of months in patients with iv with tcellmediated V1 AAR tcmvr with antibodymediated V1 AAR amvr and with suspected antibodymediated rejection samvr avr was diagnosed mainly by forcause biopsy early Tx median pod and appeared as mildgrade intimal arteritis iv occurred in lowsensitized patients T3 the first transplantation in the absence of dsa iv responded satisfactorily to treatment showed no persistence of AAR in surveillance biopsy and had stable VG function minimal proteinuria and excellent dcgs contrary to that kaplanmeier estimate of year dcgs of amvr was logrank early iv represents a benign phenotype of avr with a favourable outcome this T0 prompts further research to evaluate the nature of iv before considering any NC in the classification and management | MEDAL |
the leishmania major receptor for macrophages is a lipidcontaining glycoconjugate that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody wic when l L1 promastigotes were incubated with fab fragments of wic prior to injection into genetically susceptible mice their infectivity was decreased fab fragments from an irrelevant control antibody of the same class had no effect the l L1 glycolipid was purified from detergentsolubilized promastigotes by affinity chromatography on immobilized wic and used to vaccinate mice that are genetically resistant or susceptible to disease genetically resistant mice could be protected totally from cutaneous disease with as little as micrograms of gl a high but not absolute level of resistance was also induced in the susceptible mice in which the disease is otherwise fatal no protection was obtained with the carbohydrate fragment of the glycolipid CT or by i.t. of the glycolipid in the absence of adjuvant genetically susceptible mice immunized and protected from disease as a result of multiple i.v. of live avirulent cloned promastigotes of l L1 produced antibodies to the glycolipid of l L1 no antibodies were detected in SS from chronically diseased mice the data suggest that this functionally important antigen of l L1 is a candidate vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis | MEDAL |
human lymphoid cell lines were established from the IP lymphocytes of persons with different p blood group phenotypes by in vitro transformation with eb virus the glycosphingolipid compositions of these cell lines were examined by tlc the results show that pk and pk phenotype cells lack globoside p antigen and that two cell lines established from persons with the p phenotype lack both globoside and cth pk antigen while both the glycosphingolipids were detected in two cell lines established from persons with usual phenotypes p or p phenotype cth synthetase activity was detected at decreased C2 in two p phenotype cell lines however globoside synthetase activities could not be significantly detected in all the p phenotype cells | MEDAL |
the formation mechanism of fivefold multiply twinned nanoparticles has been a longterm topic because of their geometrical incompatibility so various models have been proposed to explain how the internal structure of the multiply twinned NPs accommodates the constraints of the solidangle deficiency we investigate the internal structure CS field and CS energy density of nm sized fivefold multiply twinned gold nanoparticles quantitatively using bragg coherent diffractive imaging which is suitable for the study of buried defects and threedimensional CS distribution with great precision our T0 reveals that the strain energy density in fivefold multiply twinned gold nanoparticles is an order of magnitude higher than that of the single NCs such as an octahedron and triangular SP synthesized under the same conditions this result indicates that the CS developed while accommodating an angular misfit although partially released through the introduction of structural defects is still large throughout the crystal | MEDAL |
in this perspectivebased article which is based on findings from a comprehensive literature search we discuss the significant and growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women worldwide chronic obstructive pulmonary disease now affects both men and women almost equally despite this there remains an outdated perception of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a maledominated disease primary care physicians play a central role in overseeing the multidisciplinary care of wsing antibiotic that inhibits rna polymerase by binding to a novel binding site in this study the characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of ripostatin which is a peculiar polyketide synthase pks hybrid cluster encoding cis and transacyltransferase pks genes is reported moreover an unprecedented mechanism for phenyl acetic acid formation and loading as a starter unit was discovered this phenylc unit is derived from phenylpyruvate phenylc and the mechanism described herein explains the mysterious loss of one carbon atom in ripostatin biosynthesis from the phenylc F0 through in vitro reconstitution of the whole loading process a Pyr dehydrogenase like protein complex was revealed that performs thiamine pyrophosphate dependent decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate to form a phenylacetylsacyl carrier protein species which is supplied to the subsequent biosynthetic assembly line for chain extension to finally yield ripostatin | MEDAL |
a patient presenting with acute leftknee arthritis was diagnosed as having articular chondrocalcinosis routine laboratory tests motivated by a PH of muscular cramps and weakness revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia further investigations showed bartters syndrome the characteristics of bartters syndrome and CC and the relationship between the two diseases are developed | MEDAL |
although it is known that individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate marked impairment in reinforcement learning the details of this impairment are not known the aim of this T0 was to test the hypothesis that rewardrelated probability learning is altered in schizophrenia patients twentyfive clinically stable schizophrenia patients and age and gendermatched controls participated in the study a simple gambling paradigm was used in which five different cues were associated with different reward probabilities and participants were asked to make their best guess about the reward probability of each cue compared with controls patients had significant impairment in learning contingencies on the basis of rewardrelated FB the correlation analyses revealed that the impairment of patients partially correlated with the severity of NS as measured on the positive and negative syndrome scale but that it was not related to AP dose in conclusion the present T0 showed that the schizophrenia patients had impaired rewardbased learning and that this was independent from their medication status | MEDAL |
two plasmids were found and studied in the bacteriocinogenic strain n of CP one is a bacteriocinogenic factor mw x and the other a cryptic plasmid mw x simultaneous loss of the ability to produce bacteriocin and of the bacteriocin resistance in a cured variant corresponds to the loss of the bacteriocinogenic plasmid dna the syntheses of haemolysin and phospholipase c do not seem to be coded for by the cryptic plasmid | MEDAL |
surgical treatment of injury to the vertebral i.a. is one of the most difficult problems of modern V1 surgery six operations were carried out for injury to the vertebral i.a. at the department of vascular surgery of the tashkent CRC of surgery uzbekistan in patients the i.a. was ligated at the orifice the performance of the compression test for excluding the possibility of the development of cerebral circulatory disorders is obligatory in all such cases two patients with injury to the vertebral artery in the medullary canal were treated by a method elaborated in the clinic and consisting in the tight filling of the canal with a mixture of warm wax and a collagen hemostatic sponge in none of the cases were disorders of cerebral circulation and a clinical picture of vertebrobasilar insufficiency encountered one patient died | MEDAL |
protease inhibitors and their cognate proteases regulate growth OD and defense serpins serpins constitute a C1 family of genes in most metazoans and plants drosophila necrotic nec gene and its homologues in the rat system are wellcharacterized serpins which play a role in regulating PRs that participate in cell death pathways although the arabidopsis genome contains several serpin homologs biological function is not known for most of them here we show that two arabidopsis serpins atsrp and atsrp are closest sequence homologue of drosophila nec protein and are involved in stressinduced cell death and defense expression of both atsrp and atsrp genes induced upon ultraviolet uvtreatment and inoculation with avirulent pathogens the KO mutants and amirna lines of atsrp and atsrp exaggerated uv and hypersensitive response hrinduced cell death overexpression of atsrp reduced uv and hrinduced cell death mutants of atsrp and atsrp suppressed whereas overexpression of atsrp supported the growth of bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc carrying the avrrpt effector but not other avirulent or virulent pathogens results altogether identified atsrp and atsrp as negative regulators of stressinduced cell death and avrrpttriggered immunity however the influence of atsrp was more prominent than atsrp | MEDAL |
the prevalence of hyperthyroidism owing to GD is increasing among urban black south africans thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy is often observed in this context but its pathogenesis remains unclear no close relationship has been noted between antiflavoprotein fp antibodies or TSH receptor antibodies and ocular involvement in black patients we measured SS antibodies against eye muscle and orbital connective tissue antigens in black patients with graves disease correlating them with eye signs of patients with clinical ophthalmopathy had antibodies against collagen type xiii against flavine adenine CpG fad against fp and against gs antibody prevalences in eight patients without clinical ophthalmopathy were for collagen xiii for fad for fp and for gs these differences were not statistically significant none of the individual mean antibody C2 were significantly different between the two subgroups of thyrotoxic patients SS antibody C2 were negative in black SA controls in summary eye muscle and orbital connective tissue antibodies were found in small proportions of patients with graves disease with no close relationship of any antibody to eye signs thus a substantial proportion of black south africans with overt clinical ophthalmopathy remains in whom currently availabe serologic tests are unhelpful for screening and laboratory confirmation | MEDAL |
the monomolecular film technique was used to compare the TPS interaction of four cardiotoxins from naja mossambica mossambica with different phospholipids we were able to demonstrate the interaction of cardiotoxins m with bot SS bile acids were analyzed cholic acid kinetics were measured by the isotopic dilution technique with multiple duodenal bile samples obtained within hr after intravenous ccholic acid as compared to those of agematched controls significantly increased fecal homogenate bile acid concentrations p less than and fecal AQ supernatant bile acid concentrations p less than were present fasting and postcibal serum bile acid concentrations were significantly reduced p less than increased ftrs for CA acid p less than were present in children with resection the ftr correlated significantly with resection length p fasting pool sizes of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid measured after an overnight fast were variable three children had significantly reduced cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pools and one had a reduction in the CA acid pool only the CA acid pool size correlated directly with the postprandial rise in serum cg concentration p the fecal coefficient of fat excretion and fecal weights were only moderately increased although rapid turnover of bile acids was present following neonatal ileal resection efficient compensatory mechanisms during infancy and childhood allowed adequate intraluminal bile salt concentrations for normal fat solubilization throughout the day and resultant mild steatorrhea and diarrhea in our study patients | MEDAL |
cytokines from the interleukin il family have been reported to play an important synergistic role with angiotensin ii in the OD of pathological cardiac hypertrophy whether their expression DP changes in vivo in an angiotensin idependent hypertrophied myocardium has not been reported in this T0 we addressed that issue using two animal models of angiotensin iidependent cardiac hypertrophy heterozygous transgenic TGR tgr with an overactive cardiac renin angiotensin system and the closely related spontaneously hypertensive rats shr were compared to their respective control rats the mrna levels of il LIF lif ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf and cardiotrophin ct as well as their receptor subunits glycoprotein gp il receptor ilr lifr and cntfr were measured by semiquantitative rtpcr the protein C2 of il lif and ct were investigated by western blot tgr and shr both displayed significant over expression of mrna and protein levels for il and lif in tgr the increased level of lif was accompanied by a decrease in mrna levels for lifr and cntfr in shr a higher level of mrna ilr was observed by contrast the mrna and protein levels for ct and the mrna level for gp did not vary in these two models these findings suggest that il and lif but not ct contribute to angiotensin iidependent left VVI hypertrophy in the two hypertensive rat models tgrmren and shr | MEDAL |
haematological and iron parameters measured in children aged from months to years in rural gambia at the start of the rainy season differed from those in american reference populations as follows mean haemoglobin C2 were much lower at ages and years and mean levels of mean corpuscular volume mcv were lower at all ages at age year mean haemoglobin was gdl and mean mcv fl in a sample of children randomly selected from the whole T0 population mean SI levels were similar but mean transferrin saturation and mean SF C2 were lower especially at ages years at age year mean SS iron was mumoll mean transferrin saturation and geometric mean SF ngml a total of children whose haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were both less than the rd percentile of the reference population received oral iron or placebo from their mothers during the rainy season when malaria transmission is maximal mean levels of haemoglobin mean corpuscular volume SI transferrin saturation and SF rose in the irontreated group and fell in the PG at all ages except under year for SS FER to produce significant differences between the CG by the end of the study TIBC showed no significant changes during the T0 we concluded that oral iron given by the mother during the rainy season can be used to treat irondefici purified trypanosome calmodulin into rabbits stimulates the production of specific EA which recognize trypanosome but not bovine BB or tetrahymena calmodulins by contrast during chronic t brucei infections in rabbits antibodies igg igm iga that recognize trypanosome tetrahymena and rat calmodulins arise when only igg antibodies are evaluated from infection sera the L1 response is against rat and tetrahymena calmodulins significantly fewer igg antibodies are measured in the infection sera which recognize trypanosome calmodulin while the nonspecific control protein chicken ovalbumin is not recognized peak igg antibody responses against calmodulin occur between days postinfection competition assays indicate that tetrahymena and rat calmodulins are recognized at identical epitopes which are distinct from epitopes on trypanosome calmodulin we conclude that in the context of chronic t brucei infections in rabbits antibodies arise which are able to recognize mammalian host calmodulin | MEDAL |
studies have been made on the bioavailability in blood of sodium cyantate administered orally in gelatin capsules in gelatin capsules plus antacid in entericcoated capsules and in cocoa butter suppositories po rectally to patients with sickle cell disease maximal blood concentrations of cyanate did not exceed mm sodium cyanate taken orally in gelatin capsules yielded the highest blood concentrations of the drug but the Cmax and curve Az were not necessarily doserelated the duration of the drug in the circulation was about T2 administration of sodium cyanate in the gelatin capsules taken with an antacid improved the doseresponse relationship within a given patient entericcoated capsules and suppositories were found to show VL and low bioavailability profiles respectively R2 in bioavailability between patients with a given dosage form requires further study since the concentration of cyanate attainable in vivo does not inhibit synthesis of either the alpha or betachain of hemoglobin in vitro previous reports on the inhibitory effects of to mm cyanate on globin synthesis in vitro do not appear to be relevant | MEDAL |
we have analyzed consecutive patients with significant stsegment depression during the exercise stress test with the aim of testing the ability of localizing the coronary stenoses there was a significant rho only between maximal stsegment depression in vv and stenosis in the left anterior descending artery r p but the accuracy of the presence of ischemic st depression in anterior leads to detect disease of the LADA was correct wrong the low lateral leads v and v were the more accurate to detect coronary disease as much for the LADA as for the RA or the circumflex CAs we conclude that st segment depressions are of little value to localize the coronary stenoses | MEDAL |
this paper rethe phosphorylation of ERK kinases but stimulated phosphorylation of SAP kinases consequently the ultravioletinduced concurrent increase in both phosphorylated ERK kinases and stressactivated protein kinases after pretreatment with damnacanthal might be characteristically related to the stimulatory effect of damnacanthal on ultravioletinduced apoptosis | MEDAL |
NT nt is implicated as a neurohormone in mammals yet the MMP neuroendocrine role remains to be determined nt immunoreactivity has been observed in NSC of the arcuate nucleus and PVH nucleus and data suggest that nt release into hypophysial portal blood mediates a component of prl secretion that is female specific and dependent on ovarian CS in the present study in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the regulation of nt gene expression in hypothalamic neurosecretory regions of AD rats in ovariectomized females estradiol induced expression of messenger rna mrna encoding nt and NMN ntn mrna in the dorsomedial division of the arcuate nucleus in contrast estradiol did not appreciably alter ntn mrna expression in the ventrolateral division of the arcuate nucleus where labeled cells were numerous or in the paraventricular nucleus where labeled cells were virtually absent estradiol also increased nt immunoreactivity in the external zone of the ME confirming the neuroendocrine phenotype of nt cells in the dorsomedial division as well as estrogenregulated synthesis of nt in this system in the dorsomedial division of cycling females ntn mrnaexpressing cells were significantly more numerous at proestrus than at diestrus consistent with differences in plasma estradiol C2 at these stages in this same region ntn mrnaexpressing cells were significantly more numerous in proestrous females than in gonadintact males these results imply that estrogenregulated PR of nt at the median eminence subserves one or more sexually differentiated functions and are consistent with the involvement of tuberoinfundibular nt in estrogendependent secretion of prl or gnrh on the afternoon of proestrus | MEDAL |
over the last several years internal reservoir type urinary diversions have become popular we have already performed kock continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion in more than patients the experience with the kock pouch prompted us to try a new form of continent urinary reservoir originally reported by indiana university group the IN pouch is a composite structure using ileum and cecum the antireflux mechanism is provided with tunneled ureteral implantation along the tenia of the cecum plication of the terminal ileal segment along with the ICV maintains urinary continence the tubular configuration of the cecum is CR disrupted with either an ileal patch or heinekemikulicz reconfiguration to construct a low pressure reservoir between october and september we performed indiana continent urinary diversion in cases males and females from to years old mean age years bladder cancer patients and bladder sarcoma patient the initial patients underwent heinekemikulicz type operation and the subsequent patients ileal patchtype T0 median followup has been months there were no L1 early complications but one postoperative death with blood transfusion related VG versus host disease gvhd the late complication occurred in patients stenosis of the pouch due to insufficient detubularization of the cecum and pyelonephritis required no admission serum electrolytes and vitamin b remained normal in all patients patients perform selfcatheterization every hours during the day and times at night for volumes ranging up to ml with regard to volume capacity and pressure characteristics the ileal patch type reservoir seemed to be superior to the heinekemikulicz type pouch as a receptacle for urine overall of patients per cent have acceptable continence the remaining patients have significant daytime leakage requiring pads or a cutaneous bag followup examination with excretory urography showed no upper tract obstruction and xrays of the pouch showed no reflux indiana pouch is a relatively simple continent urinary reservoir since the steps of this technique already are familiar to urologists it may be an alternative form of continent urinary diversion | MEDAL |
to determine the prevalence and possible cause of pseudolesions in the left hepatic lobe around the falciform AL at hepatic helical computed tomography ct | MEDAL |
FLM has been studied both by ODS chromatography of phospholipids and gas liquid chromatography of fatty acids lecithinsphingomyelin ls ratios and palmiticstearic ps ratios were compared a good correlation was obtained however when the ls ratio has an intermediate value less than or equal to ls less than making it difficult to judge the fetal lung maturity the ps ratio expresses the lung maturity more accurately | MEDAL |
tolllike receptors tlrs are important signal transducers that mediate inflammatory reactions induced by microbes through PR of virulence molecules such as lipopolysaccharide lps and lipoproteins we investigated whether Th1 cytokine responses induced by certain bacterial protein adhesins may also depend on tlrs in differentiated thp mononuclear cells stimulated by lpsfree recombinant fimbrillin rfima from porphyromonas gingivalis cytokine PR was abrogated by monoclonal antibodies mabs to cd and tlr but not to tlr similar experiments using antibeta Int mabs suggested that CD18 cdcd also play a role in cytokine induction by rfima or native fimbriae minor fimbriae distinct from the fimaencoded L1 fimbriae of p gingivalis induced Th1 cytokine release in a cd and tlrdependent mode cytokine induction by bspa a leucinerich repeat protein from bacteroides forsythus depended heavily on cd and tlr we also found that the ability of the streptococcal protein agiii to stimulate cytokine PR depended partially on cd and tlr and the agiii segment that possibly interacts with these receptors was identified as its NT salivabinding region when thp cells were exposed to rfima for h surface expression of cd and cd was decreased and the cells became hypoof ap especially for those diseases thanks to the efforts of experienced practitioners and scientists and the many published reports on veterinary ap that have introduced some good indications for ap therapy in veterinary practice possible mechanisms behind the effectiveness of ap are discussed this article aims to introduce veterinarians to good indications for ap to initiate their interest in the practice of ap although this is a rapidly expanding field a long march must begin with one step we wish this article to be the shoes for such a march for more information on veterinary ap contact ivas ivasofficeaolcom po box longmont co usa httpwwwivasorg or your national veterinary AP society httpwwwkomvetat ivadkomvapsocshtm | MEDAL |
we report the case of a yearold man with creatinine clearance of mlmin and acute anterior stsegment elevation who underwent urgent PD bypass grafting a continuous intraoperative venoarterial hemofiltration with high volumes of exchange mlkgh was used in a series for a miniaturized extracorporeal bypass system to minimize the inflammatory response and to protect the kidneys of this patient who had preoperative RD the patient had an uneventful postoperative REC | MEDAL |
based on exp data from animal studies different theories regarding the size of an epileptic focus have been postulated which range from single pacemaker cells to extended neuronal networks we report a case which gives further information about the size of a human epileptic focus which can trigger manifest epileptic seizures we report a yearold man with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy this patient suffered from brief complex partial seizures and frequent epigastric auras to differentiate a mesiotemporal from a temporolateral seizure origin the patient was implanted with a contact depth electrode from a posterior approach into the right hippocampus and additional temporobasaltemporolateral subdural strip electrodes depth recordings revealed an electrographic status with continuous rhythmic sharp wave activity hz the field of which was confined to a diameter of less than cm in the anterior hippocampus whereas temporobasal subdural strip electrodes did not display this activity periodically spread of this activity occurred to the amygdala to the posterior part of the hippocampus and less often to the temporobasal SC most seizure patterns remained subclinical few of them became symptomatic as PS this case demonstrates that a HPC epileptic focus causing electrographic focal status epilepticus may be limited to a volume of less than cm in diameter this observation is discussed with regard to implantation strategies and to possible superselective resective or modulatory approaches in the treatment of such limited epileptogenic Az | MEDAL |
oxidationreduction potentials eh ph and rh in the gastrointestinal tract were measured in six goats and two sheep fed on ground barley and hay with or without the addition of urea each ration was supplied for three weeks the animals were slaughtered after morning feeding the contents of relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract were sampled ph and eh values were measured and rh values calculated the range of the oxidationreduction potential was rather extensive from to mv the variability of rh values was smaller being between and except for three values the following linear relationship holds for findings of eh and ph eh mv ph with a correlation coefficient of r in those parts of the gastrointestinal tract where the fermentation process occurs the rumen caecum and colon the eh and rh values are lower than those in the abomasum and duodenum urea addition has no effect on the oxidationreduction equilibrium | MEDAL |
autologous hematopoietic SC hsc transplantation today is the ST for a wide variety of haematological and oncological diseases hsc are collected from IP blood by leukapheresis hpca following chemotherapy andor growth factormediated mobilization the ideal hpca collection allows to reach the cd target dose through a single tailored LP the aim of this paper was to find out which collection parameter might play a key role in obtaining a cd dose Ãkg with a reduced number of LP to address this issue a multivariate logistic regression was carried out on several operational and laboratory parameters from hpca collections performed in hematological and oncological patients we observed a cd cells collection efficiency ce when patients preapheresis total wbc count was lower than Ãml at the same time the likelihood of reaching the cd cells target dosekg increased from to times when the preapheresis wbc count Ãml t was below or and between and or respectively when compared to a preapheresis wbc count Ãml | MEDAL |
the transient receptor potential trp family of ion channels participate in many signaling pathways trpv functions as a molecular integrator of noxious stimuli including heat low ph and chemical ligands here we report the d structure of fulllength rat trpv channel expressed in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified by IAC we demonstrate that the recombinant purified trpv channel retains its structural and functional integrity and is suitable for structural analysis the a structure of trpv determined by using singleparticle electron cryomicroscopy exhibits fourfold symmetry and comprises two distinct regions a C1 open basketlike domain likely corresponding to the cytoplasmic n and cterminal portions and a more compact domain corresponding to the TM portion the assignment of TM and cytoplasmic regions was supported by fitting crystal structures of the structurally homologous kv channel and isolated trpv ankyrin repeats into the trpv structure | MEDAL |
scabies is an important parasitic disease that continues to persist throughout the world despite the availability of acaricides to control it the immune response mechanism to scabies and the possible OD of a vaccine for control of scabies was investigated this study demonstrated that hosts infested with scabies develop immunity resistance to reinfestation all hosts developed scabiesspecific elevated circulating antibody titers during scabies infestations that followed the CP pattern for primary and secondary infestations parallel elevated C2 of complement c were also observed the hosts that exhibited acquired immunity T3 their first infestations had antibody and complement C2 during challenge infestations lower than those of the hosts that showed no immunity when reinfested induction of immunity coupled with generally elevated antibody levels for both immune and nonimmune hosts suggested that resistance to reinfestation was associated with a cellmediated response these data also suggested that vaccination with TPS scabies tissue containing the relevant antigens or recombinant relevant antigens could enhance the cellmediated response to protect the hosts against NK infestations | MEDAL |
human TN factoralpha tnf alpha CE tace releases soluble tnf alpha from cells it is a member of the adamalysin family of metalloproteases a truncated form of tace cdna was expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified to homogeneity in order to study tace structure and function recombinant tace was expressed as a preproprotein including the pro and catalytic procat domains fused to the yeast alphafactor leader a CT immunoreactive flag peptide was added for western blot detection and antiflag antibody column purification we constructed two glycosylation mutant procat tace isoforms to facilitate purification a procat isoform mutated to eliminate two nlinked glycosylation CS was buffer exchanged and purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography and an antiflag antibody affinity step NT CS analysis showed that the mutant preproprotein was processed in yeast at the furin protease cleavage site and yielded an active catalytic domain which has tnf alpha peptidespecific protease activity mass spectrometry of the purified catalytic domain showed that removal of both nlinked CS results in a homogeneous sized polypeptide lacking further posttranslational modifications | MEDAL |
the deltalike dlk gene is overexpressed in cd cells from myelodysplastic syndrome mds patients dlk encodes an egflike homeotic transmembrane protein homologous to the notchdeltaserrate family although exogenous dlk promotes maintenance of murine hematopoietic stem cells the PET effects of dlk overexpression in hematopoietic cells are unknown we show that ectopically expressed dlk significantly inhibits differentiation and proliferation of human promyelocytic hl cells unlike preadipocytes where proteolytic processing of membranebound protein and release of a soluble form mediates differentiation inhibition proteolytic PR of the extracellular domain was not required for inhibition of hematopoietic cell differentiation however ICD interactions were critical to this dlk function we conclude that dlk overexpression in hematopoietic cells has important PET consequences our studies identify novel molecular mechanisms and indicate that dlk has activity both as a soluble and a TM expressed protein our results support further investigation of the role of dlk in abnormal hematopoiesis in mds | MEDAL |
there is a growing body of evidence for the importance of the nuclear matrix in various nuclear events including gene expression and dna replication epsteinbarr virus ebv nuclear antigen leader protein ebnalp is a nuclear matrixassociated protein that has been suggested to play an important role in ebvinduced transformation to define the biological significance of the association of ebnalp with the nuclear matrix we mapped the domain of ebnalp responsible for NM association and investigated the functions of the ebnalp mutant mutagenized by substitution of alanines for the cluster of arginine residues in the mapped region the results of the present study were as follows i transiently expressed ebnalp in cos or bosc cells was associated with the nuclear matrix similarly to that in ebvinfected B1 ii mutational analysis of ebnalp revealed that a amino acid segment of ebnalp is critical for nuclear matrix association of the protein interestingly the identified region overlapped with the region cr of ebnalp conserved among a subset of primate gammaherpesviruses the identified segment is referred to as ebnalp nmts nuclear matrix targeting signal iii the ebnalp mutant with the Arg to alanine substitutions in nmts was no longer localized not only to the NM but also to the nucleus iv the ebnalp mutant lacked its ability to coactivate ebnadependent TA these results indicated that ebnalp needs to be localized in the nucleus andor associated with the NM through cr to elicit its CF such as the coactivation of the ebnadependent transcriptional activation | MEDAL |
cerebral microbleeds are microscopic hemorrhages with deposits of blood products in the brain which can be visualized with mri and are implicated in cerebrovascular diseases hematoxylin and eosin he and perls prussian blue are popular staining methods used to localize cerebral microbleeds in pathology this paper compared these two IF techniques in a mouse model of CBF microbleeds we used lipopolysaccharide lps to induce CBF microhemorrhages cb mice were treated with lps mgkg ip or vehicle at baseline and at hr the brains were extracted hr after the first i.t. and adjacent coronal sections were stained with he and prussian blue to compare the effectiveness of the two staining techniques hepositive stains were increased with lps treatment and were correlated with grossly visible microhemorrhages on the brain surface prussian bluepositive stains by comparison showed no significant increase with lps treatment and did not correlate with either hepositive stains or surface microhemorrhages he staining is thus a more reliable indicator of acute one events induced by lps in this MM within a short time span | MEDAL |
identifying the brain sources of neural activation during processing of emotional information remains a very challenging task in this work we investigated the response to different emotional stimuli and the effect of age on the neuronal activation two negative emotion conditions ie anger and fear faces were presented to adult female participants young and elderly while acquiring highdensity electroencephalogram eeg data of channels brain source localization was utilized to study the modulations in the early n eventrelatedpotential component the results revealed alterations in the amplitude of n and the localization of Az with maximum neural activation furthermore ageinduced differences are shown in the topographic maps and the IEMG for both emotional stimuli overall aging appeared to affect the limbic area and its implication to emotional processing these findings can serve as a step toward the understanding of the way the BB functions and evolves with age which is a significant element in the design of assistive environments | MEDAL |
mesangial cells of the renal glomerulus are thought to have contractile properties resembling those of smooth muscle cells since actin synthesis in mesangial cells is increased in selected animal models of glomerulonephritis we evaluated the sm actin asma the principal actin isoform found in smooth muscle cells in biopsy specimens from patients with primary glomerular disorders and in control tissues normal glomeruli and glomeruli in acute tubulointerstitial disorders showed few or no asmapositive cells in the glomeruli in contrast asma expression in mesangial cells was increased in minimal change disease focal segmental GS mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis membranous glomerulonephritis and immunoglobulin a nephropathy in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis both mesangial and capillary loop asmapositive cells were observed with a segmental distribution in addition asmapositive interstitial cells were seen in many biopsy specimens and often were increased in number in biopsy specimens showing early IF and tubular atrophy we conclude that asma synthesis in mesangial cells is upregulated in a variety of glomerular disorders frequently associated with increased cell proliferation and mesangial matrix production this phenotypic NC may be an indicator of MC activation after injury and may have important pathophysiologic consequences | MEDAL |
the effect of the macrophage and tlymphocytederived cytokine oncostatin m osm on endothelin et production in cultured human umbilical cord vein EC cells huvec was studied osm ngml stimulated et production and the expression of preproendothelin mrna the stimulatory effect of osm was reversed by antiinterleukin il igg microgml il ngml was shown to stimulate et production the IMT kinase inhibitors herbimycin ngml and g cardiac involvement evaluated by echodoppler cardiography h ecg holter monitoring and an ecg at rest occurred in patients with ra and in control group patients p in the ra group ecg examination mm st depression in at least two consecutive leads was observed more frequently and occurred statistically more frequently for the highest stage of ra according to steinbrockers criteria highest level of PET index and longer duration of disease the h holter ecg monitoring did not show any differences in frequency of rhythm disorders between the ra group and the control group however silent myocardial ischaemia episodes appeared more often in the ra group an ecg examination revealed more cases of valvular heart disease especially mitral insufficiency in ra patients than in the control group a MVP was noted in of patients and a pericardial effusion in of patients patients with ra were noted to have a larger diastolic left ventricular diameter and aortic root diameter and smaller ejection fraction mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening and FS the results of the examinations show that ra is associated with cardiac involvement in a significant proportion of cases | MEDAL |
abstract the aim of this study was to characterize the hiv intersubtype recombinant forms generated during the followup of a dual NK infection with subtypes b and g near fulllength sequences from plasma and peripheral blood MNC pbmc compartments were analyzed and the biological characteristics of their derived PI studied different mutations were detected in v v and v sequences from primary isolates but not in sequences from plasma rna or pbmc dna the hiv near FL sequence from the first collected plasma was of subtype g and the presence of subpopulations of subtypes b and g was observed with subtypespecific primers for protease and reverse transcriptase segments subsequent sequences from plasma pbmcs and primary isolates were obtained during a followup of years all of them were bg recombinants and showed MZ intersubtype breakpoints between subtypes b and g in pol and nef the env CS from all primary isolates harbored a unique insert of AT1 b TPS primers for the v loop identified fluctuating subtype b andor subtype g sequences either from plasma rna or pbmc dna | MEDAL |
using a cationexchange chromatographic method we found normal or subnormal values for glycosylated hemoglobin in a few diabetic patients with persistent HG subsequent investigations revealed that these unexpected results had originated from black patients with diabetes in view of common occurrence of abnormal hemoglobins in the negro population we subjected blood S9 to electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and acrylamide gel the results have shown the presence of HbS or HbC in each patient when allowance was made for the percentage of the abnormal hemoglobin the corrected values of glycosylated hemoglobin increased to the diabetic range furthermore the QTc values agreed well with the expected values calculated from a regression L1 correlating fasting blood gl concentrations and proportions of glycosylated hemoglobin in more than diabetics with no evidence of hemoglobinopathy we conclude that in diabetic patients presenting with HbS or hemoglobin c there is a considerable decrease in the values for glycosylated hemoglobin as measured by cationexchange chromatographic methods and that this decrease is proportional to the percentage of the abnormal hemoglobin | MEDAL |
singapore grouper iridovirus sgiv encodes a number of micrornas mirnas during infection among these sgivmir has robust expression at early stage T3 sgiv inoculation raising a huge possibility that it participates in the viral infection in the present study we found that sgivmir overexpression led to a significant reduction in viral load in cultured fish cells with sgiv infection as demonstrated by less level of viral transcripts viralinduced cytopathic effect cpe and assembled viral particles in silico analysis showed that sgivmir maps antisense to the coding region of sgiv L1 capsid protein sgivmcp suggesting it to be a potential target of sgivmir coincidently sgivmir showed an inverted expression profile with sgivmcp during sgiv infection and luciferase reporter assay further demonstrated sgivmcp as the direct target of sgivmir functionally overexpression of sgivmir inhibited whereas knockdown of sgivmir restored the expression of sgivmcp during viral infection resulting in altered viral progeny emergences in conclusion our data suggest that sgivmir functions in a negative RII mechanism to restrict early viral replication and thus prevents excessive cellular antiviral responses during sgiv infection the detailed investigation of sgiv encoded mirnas may provide new insights into the mechanism of iridovirus pathogenesis | MEDAL |
antiplatelet agents are used for prevention of thromboembolism in surgical patients and in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation up to date however results of randomized studies comparing antiplatelet agents and oral anticoagulation have not been reported the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of triflusal an antiplatelet agent versus acenocoumarol for primary prevention of thromboembolism in the early postoperative period after implantation of a bioprosthesis | MEDAL |
the purpose of the experiments reported were to determine whether chronic treatment with either a monoamine oxidase mao inhibitor or an uptake inhibitor would increase extracellular C2 of ht in vivo and whether such treatment resulted in a downregulation of the htbmediated decrease in extracellular C2 of ht rats were given either saline ebetafluoromethylinemtyrosine mdl mgkg po or amitriptyline mgkg po once a day for days twentyfour hr T3 the final injection dialysis loops were implanted into the frontal cortices of these rats and basal extracellular C2 of ht were measured the effect of the ht IL-1ra methoxytetrahydropyridinylh indole succinate ru mgkg ip on the extracellular level of ht was then studied basal C2 of ht in salinetreated rats was found to be fmol microliters perfusate chronic treatment with amitriptyline had no effect on extracellular C2 of ht but chronic treatment with mdl significantly increased extracellular C2 of ht chronic treatment with either mdl or amitriptyline had no significant effect on the ability of ru to reduce extracellular C2 of ht these results suggest that htb receptors are not downregulated in response to chronically raised extracellular levels of ht | MEDAL |
sleep and wakefulness are characterized by distinct states of TC network oscillations the complex interplay of ionic conductances within the thalamoreticularcortical network give rise to these multiple modes of activity and a rapid transition exists between these modes to better understand this transition we constructed a simplified computational MM based on physiological recordings and physiologically realistic parameters of a threeneuron network containing a thalamocortical cell a thalamic reticular neuron and a CT cell the network can assume multiple states of oscillatory activity resembling sleep wakefulness and the transition between these two we found that during the transition period but not during other states thalamic and cortical SN displayed chaotic dynamics based on the presence of strange attractors estimation of positive lyapunov exponents and the presence of a fractal dimension in the spike trains these dynamics were quantitatively dependent on certain features of the network such as the presence of CT FB and the strength of inhibition between the thalamic RE and thalamocortical SN these data suggest that chaotic dynamics facilitate a rapid transition between sleep and wakefulness and produce a series of experimentally testable predictions to further investigate the events occurring during the sleepwake transition period | MEDAL |
the objective of this randomized controlled pilot study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of myoelectrically controlled functional electrical stimulation mecfes for rehabilitation of the UL in poststroke subjects eleven poststroke hemiparetic subjects with residual proximal control of the arm but impaired volitional opening of the paretic hand were enrolled and randomized into a treated and a control group subjects received to treatment sessions per week until totaling sessions in the EG myoelectric activity from wrist and finger extensors was used to control stimulation of the same muscles patients treated with mecfes n had a significant p and clinically important improvement in action research arm test score median change points confirmed by an individually prioritized problem assessment selfevaluation score this improvement was maintained at followup the control group did not show a significant improvement p the reduced sample size of participants together with confounding factors such as spontaneous REC calls for larger studies to draw definite conclusions however the C1 and persistent treatment effect seen in our results indicate that mecfes could play an important role as a clinical tool for stroke rehabilitation | MEDAL |
to determine whether thal can be detected in the fetus blood was obtained from abortuses of normal mothers and of mothers with betathalassemia trait the CRC were incubated with radioactive leucine and the globin chains were analyzed by radiochromatography two independent methods were utilized to correct the results for contamination by maternal radioactive betachain and the corrected betagamma ratios were compared to a previously established range of normal fetal betagamma synthetic ratios obtained by similar measurements in pure fetal cells in the erythroid cells of three fetuses from mothers with thal trait the betagamma synthetic ratio was normal in two the third had a betagamma ratio of at weeks a reduction consistent with fetal betathalassemia trait two other fetuses derived from parents both of whom had betathalassemia trait were also studied one had a betagamma ratio of at weeks a reduction also consistent with betathalassemia trait the cells of the other had a ratio of essentially zero at weeks highly suggestive of homozygous thal although further experience will be needed to distinguish the homozygous and heterozygous states reliably it now appears that the betathalassemia gene is expressed in the first trimester therefore these data suggest that the antenatal diagnosis of thal is becoming an attainable goal | MEDAL |
cancer cells can metastasize throughout the body by various mechanisms including the lymphatic system resulting in tumorinduced lymphangiogenesis that can profoundly affect patient survival the aim of the present study was to examine the role of lymphangiogenesis in the metastasis of pancreatic CA to the IP nerve plexus immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze specimens obtained from ductal adenocarcinoma patients the markers used included lymphangiogenic factor VE growth factor vegfc the lymphaticspecific marker d and cytokeratin an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic tumors the relationship between survival rate and invasion of both the lymphatic vessels and peripancreatic nerve plexus pnp was evaluated with clearly elevated lymphatic vessel density lvd in tissues adjacecal one is proposed | MEDAL |
prematurity is one of the leading causes of IM it may result from intrauterine infection which mediates premature labor by stimulating the production of inflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandin falpha pgfalpha the biological effects of pgfalpha are mediated via the g proteincoupled receptor fp however the molecular mechanisms of fp signaling that mediates inflammatory lipid mediator production remains unclear we reported previously that in the human uterus a composite organ in which FB epithelial and smooth muscle cells are the L1 constituents an inverse relationship exists between the levels of pgfalpha and a steroidinducible antiinflammatory protein UG here we report that in nih t fibroblasts and human uterine smooth muscle cells fp signaling is mediated via multikinase pathways in a cell typespecific manner to activate nfkappab thus stimulating the expression of cyclooxygenase cyclooxygenase is a critical enzyme for the production of prostaglandins from AA which is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase a the expression of which is also stimulated by pgfalpha most importantly uteroglobin inhibits fpmediated nfkappab activation and cyclooxygenase mRNA by IB and most likely by sequestering pgfalpha into its CE hydrophobic cavity thereby preventing fppgfalpha interaction and suppressing the production of inflammatory lipid mediators we propose that uteroglobin plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis in organs that are vulnerable to inadvertent stimulation of fpmediated inflammatory response | MEDAL |
the present manuscript uses an evidencebased approach to review and analyse evidence for the use of human beta interferon in the treatment of ms human beta interferon modulates many of the biological processes believed to be involved in ms OD beta interferon is a member of a large family of secreted proteins that are involved in an organisms defence against viral infections cell growth regulation and in modulation of immune response the therapeutic tau of beta interferon in relapsingremitting and SPMS has been established in several clinical trials and evidence indicates that the total weekly dosage of beta interferon andor the frequency of beta interferon administration are important factors in its clinical use future therapeutic developments in ms will be fuelled by our increasing understanding of the PCS and biological roles of the interferons in health and in ms pathogenesis | MEDAL |
gold nanomaterials aunps represent a promising new class of contrast agents for xray computed tomographic ct imaging in both research and clinical settings these materials exhibit superior xray absorption properties compared with other iodinated agents and thus require lower i.t. doses gold is nonimmunogenic and therefore contributes to safety profile in living specimens unfortunately most reports on the use of aunps as xray ct enhancers only demonstrate marginal enhancement of the intended anatomical structure in this T0 we demonstrate the dramatic properties of gold nanorods gnr to serve as robust xray ct contrastenhancing agent for selective imaging of the spleen these organspecific uptake properties were delineated by performing longitudinal ct imaging of living mice that were dosed with gnr at day intervals rapid uptake in spleen was noted within h of first systemic administration with a NC in CE of hounsfield units δhu and with two subsequent i.v. a total CE of over hu was observed the resulting images provide excellent contrast that will enable the detailed anatomical visualization and study of a range of preclinical models of spleen disease including infection and cancer | MEDAL |
to determine whether flexor carpi ulnaris fcu forces and tendon displacements NC after pisotriquetral arthrodesis or after pisiform excision | MEDAL |
there is a good understanding of AF associated with bovine tuberculosis btb risk in irish herds as yet however this knowledge has not been incorporated into predictive models with the potential for improved riskbased surveillance the goal of the study was to enhance the national herd scoring system for btb risk thus leading to improved ID of cattle herds at high risk of recurrent btb episodes a retrospective cohort T0 was conducted to develop a statistical model predictive of recurrent bovine tuberculosis episodes in cattle herds in the republic of ireland herdlevel disease PH data for the previous years the previous years the previous episode and the currentepisode were used in survival analyses to determine the aspects of disease history that were predictive of a recurrent breakdown within years of a cleared btb episode relative to herds with standard reactors in the current btb episode hazard ratios increased to and for herds with and standard reactors respectively compared to herds with animals hazard ratios increased from to and then to for herds with and animals respectively relative to herds with herdlevel tests in the previous years herds with and tests had and times greater hazard of a btb breakdown herds that did not have a btb episode in the years prior to their episode were times less likely to breakdown in the next years than herds that did herds breaking down in the spring or summer were times less likely to suffer a recurrent breakdown than herds breaking down in autumn or winter this was likely due to seasonality in testing regimes the presence of a confirmed btb lesion was not predictive of increased risk of recurrent btb despite the availability of detailed disease history the predictive ability of the MM was poor one explanation for this was that herds suffering a recurrence of btb on their first test T3 clearing a btb episode were different from herds that broke down later in the period at risk future research might need to include additional variables to identify which subsets of herd btb episodes if any have identifiable features that are predictive of recurrent breakdowns | MEDAL |
the expression of the immediate early gene cfos has been studied in the entire BB of rats and h after surgical UL we combined in situ hybridization for cfos messenger rna with immunocytochemistry for fos protein to document very early changes in cfos expression and to identify with cellular resolution neuronal populations G1 by UL three hours T3 unilateral labyrinthectomy a BL increase in both cfos messenger rna and protein levels was seen in the superior medial and spinal VN nucleus y and prepositus HG nucleus these changes were asymmetric in the medial VN being most prominent in the dorsal part of the CL nucleus where second order vestibular neurons are located and in the VP part of the ipsilateral nucleus where commissural neurons acting on the medial vestibular nucleus of the IN side are located an increase in cfos messenger rna expression was seen bilaterally but with an ipsilateral predominance in the vermal and paravermal areas of the cerebellar SC flocculus and paraflocculus as well as in the precerebellar lateral and paramedian reticular nuclei cfos messenger rna and protein C2 increased in a few regions of the CL IO a predominantly ipsilateral increase in cfos expression also occurred in the caudateputamen a bilateral but not exactly symmetric increase in both cfos messenger rna and protein levels was present in several nuclei of the dorsal pontine tegmentum parabrachial nucleus locus coeruleus and LD tegmental nucleus mesencephalic periaqueductal gray and several hypothalamic thalamic and cerebrocortical regions no NC was seen in the cerebellar nuclei lateral VN and RN the increased expression of cfos observed h after unilateral labyrinthectomy in conjunction with the sudden occurrence of postural and motor deficits usually declined h after the lesion ie during the OD of vestibular compensation in the dorsal part of the medial vestibular nucleus however the pattern of cfos expression observed h after unilateral labyrinthectomy was reversed h T3 the lesion both cfos messenger rna and protein levels increased on the ipsilateral side but greatly decreased on the CL side in conclusion asymmetric changes in cfos expression occurred within h after UL but gradually declined or reversed and h T3 the lesion thus being temporally related to the appearance and development of vestibular compensation | MEDAL |
lectin pathway activation of c is known to involve target recognition by mannanbinding lectin mbl or ficolins and generation of classical pathway c convertase via cleavage of c and c by mblassociated serine protease masp we investigated c activation in cdeficient human sera and in sera with other defined defects of complement to assess other mechanisms through which mbl might recruit complement the capacity of serum to support c deposition was examined by elisa using microtiter plates coated with o antigenspecific oligosaccharides derived from salmonella typhimurium s thompson and s enteritidis corresponding to serogroups b c and d bo co and do mbl bound to co but not to bo and do and efficiently supported c deposition in the absence of c c or masp the existence of an mbldependent c bypass mechanism for alternative pathwaymediated c activation was clearly demonstrated using co solidphase mannan and e coli lps masp might contribute but was not required for c deposition in the MM used independent of mbl TPS antibodies to co supported c deposition through classical and alternative pathways mbldependent c bypass activation could be particularly important in various inherited and acquired complement deficiency states | MEDAL |
ANC models vary widely around the world reflecting local contexts drivers and resources randomised controlled trials rcts have tested the impact of multicomponent antenatal care interventions on service delivery and outcomes in many countries since the s some have applied entirely new schemes while others have modified existing care delivery approaches systematic reviews srs indicate that some TPS antenatal interventions are more ERP than others however the causal mechanisms leading to better outcomes are poorly understood limiting implementation and future research as a first step in identifying what might be making the difference we conducted a scoping review of interventions tested in rcts in order to establish a taxonomy of antenatal care models | MEDAL |
previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effects of concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPIs ppi on cardiovascular outcomes we sought to evaluate the clinical impact of ppiuse in patients treated with thienopyridines after percutaneous coronary intervention pci in a large japanese observational DB among patients discharged alive on thienopyridines ticlopidine and clopidogrel patients were treated with ppis and patients without ppi at the time of hospital discharge the ppi group included more patients with comorbidities than the nonppi group the adjusted hazard ratio hr of ppiuse for a composite of cardiovascular death myocardial infarction and stroke was confidence interval ci p the adjusted hr of ppiuse for bleeding was ci p cardiovascular and one outcomes were not different among the three CG receiving three different types of ppi the negative effect of ppi on cardiovascular outcome was consistently seen in both drugeluting stent des hr ci p and nondes strata hr ci p interaction p despite the fact that the duration of thienopyridine administration was significantly longer in patients receiving des in conclusion cardiovascular outcomes after pci were significantly worse in patients with ppi than in patients without ppi in the japanese real clinical practice however the observed poorer cardiovascular outcome in patients receiving ppi was most likely to be related to residual confounding and seemed not causally related to attenuation of antiplatelet effect of thienopyridine through interaction with ppi | MEDAL |
a yearold man developed symptoms compatible with the eatonlambert syndrome and a small cell bronchogenic carcinoma was diagnosed during treatment with cytostatics his muscular strength was restored and the lung tumour as well as the electrophysiologic findings characteristic of the eatonlambert syndrome disappeared to our knowledge it has not been reported before that chemotherapy alone of a small cell bronchogenic carcinoma has resulted in clinical roentgenologic and electrophysiologic remission of the eatonlambert syndrome | MEDAL |
the MR for elective ABD aortic operations remains between and despite careful hemodynamic monitoring and half of these deaths are cardiac in origin an extensive evaluation of VF was performed during ABD aortic operation to detect subtle CA in systolic or diastolic VVI function that could precipitate progressive ICM cardiac injury twentythree patients undergoing elective ABD aortic operations patients with ABD aortic aneurysm aaa and nine patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease aiod had hemodynamic and nuclear ventriculographic measurements performed preoperatively during aortic clamping and immediately T3 aortic declamping no differences were found in the hemodynamic response to T0 between patients with aaa or aiod volume loading was performed at each time period to assess ventricular function myocardial performance the relation between cardiac index and EDV volume index and systolic function the relation between systolic blood pressure and endsystolic volume index were depressed during aortic clamping p less than suggesting decreased contractility but returned to baseline values T3 declamping diastolic compliance the relation between pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and enddiastolic BVI decreased after declamping p less than suggesting early MI the decrease in diastolic compliance rendered PCW pressure a poor index of left ventriculard negative tpha of anti htlv iii antibody positive cases were pointed out concerning the technicians and people living close to the examined subjects no positivity for antihtlv iii antibody due to horizontal transmission of infection was observed | MEDAL |
nitric oxide no derived from larginine by the action of nitric oxide synthase nos is a mediator of many diverse biological activities including vasodilation neurotransmission and inhibition of PLT adhesion a role for no in the maintenance of rat and rb pregnancy is supported by a variety of studies a recent T0 in women demonstrated that myometrial inducible nos inos expression was greater in the early third trimester than either the late third trimester or in the nonpregnant condition suggesting that increased inos expression is involved in the maintenance of human pregnancy constitutive nos cnos expression was not determined the aim of this T0 was to compare constitutive nos both enos and bnos expression in the human nonpregnant uterus PT pregnant uterus weeks gestation and term pregnant uterus weeks gestation using immunohistochemistry and WB preterm pregnant samples were taken from women with a variety of pathologies necessitating early delivery we found that enos and bnos protein concentrations were greater in the PT pregnant myometrium than nonpregnant myometrium enos but not bnos protein concentration was lower in myometrial samples obtained at term compared with those obtained preterm we conclude that the constitutive isoforms of nos are also upregulated in human pregnancy andere identifiable purchasing patterns for nurses attending TPS nursingorganization sponsored national meetings differences in purchasing patterns between nurse attendees from these meetings differences in selfreported postmeeting purchase input and relationships between meeting attendance motivators and purchasing patterns the findings demonstrate that nurse attendee purchasing patterns can be identified and do vary among nursing CG nurse attendees at specialty meetings were more likely to act as specifiers have a more dominant role in purchasing and were more likely to influence product purchases than were nurse attendees from generalist meetings selfreports of postmeeting purchasing input demonstrated that nurse attendees utilized information gained at national meetings in subsequent patient care product selections product utilization and specification of new productsequipmentprotocols for trial within the practice site positive relationships between meeting attendance motivators and purchasing patterns were most evident for those nurse attendees with greater purchasing involvement and influence | MEDAL |
developmental arrest a critical component of the life cycle in animals as diverse as nematodes dauer state insects diapause and vertebrates hibernation results in dramatic depression of the metabolic rate and a profound and summarized using the reproduction ratio r sensitivity analysis for a range of parameters in the mathematical model showed that the speed of detecting acute lesions and the efficiency with which those lesions were treated were the key parameters which determined whether lesions became more severe or whether they healed | MEDAL |
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