text
stringlengths 10
10.1k
| source
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
CC carcinoma of the kidney the most common subtype of renal cell cancer displays different biological behavior in different patients this heterogeneity cannot be recognized by LM in this study gene expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples and nonmalignant tissue types comprising samples was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays representing approximately known genes and ests differences in gene expression were quantified as the fold NC in mRNA between the various sets of samples a set of genes was identified that was overexpressed in the renal cell carcinoma samples compared with the normal kidney samples principle component analysis of the set of renal cell carcinomas using this set of genes overexpressed in renal cell CA revealed the existence of major subgroups among the RCs a series of principle component analyses of the set of renal cell carcinomas using different gene sets composed of genes involved in different metabolic pathways also revealed the same L1 subgroups of the renal cell cancers eisen clustering using the same genes also revealed the same L1 renal cell cancer subsets review of the pathology suggested that these subgroups differed in pathologic grade genes differentially expressed between the RCC subsets were identified examination of mRNA in each RCC subset and the pool of renal cell carcinoma samples compared with that in different normal tissues revealed genes specifically overexpressed in RCC compared with these normal tissues the authors conclude that mRNA patterns may be useful in helping to further classify subtypes of renal cell carcinoma that may have clinical significance in addition the genes identified as overexpressed in each set of CC RCCs compared with normal tissues may represent useful targets for therapy | MEDAL |
a novel composite for the removal of color in waste water was prepared by subjecting slurries consisting diatomaceous earth and slaked lime to a hydrothermal reaction at °c subsequently calcium silicate hydrate gels covered the surface of diatomaceous earth due to the reaction between the amorphous Si of diatomaceous earth and slaked lime the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gels led to an increase in the specific surface area the composites showed higher methylene blue adsorption capacity compared with diatomaceous earth the improved adsorption capacity of the composites depended on the amount of the calcium silicate hydrate gels and their silicate anion chainlengths | MEDAL |
nutrient availability influences the production and degradation of materials that are required for cell growth and survival autophagy is a nutrientregulated process that is used to degrade cytoplasmic materials and has been associated with human diseases solute transporters influence nutrient availability and sensing yet we know little about how transporters influence autophagy here we screen for solute transporters that are required for autophagydependent cell death and identify cghermes we show that hermes is required for both autophagy during steroidtriggered SSG cell death and tnfinduced nonapoptotic eye cell death hermes encodes a protoncoupled monocarboxylate transporter that preferentially transports Pyr over lactate mtor signaling is elevated in hermes mutant cells and decreased mtor function suppresses the hermes SSG cell death phenotype hermes is most similar to human slca a protein that was recently implicated in type diabetes thus providing a link between pyruvate mtor autophagy and possibly metabolic disorders | MEDAL |
with an estimated prevalence of for preschool children and for adults atopic eczema is a serious public health problem this disease severely jeopardizes SQ of life and is associated with considerable costs since there is still no causal therapy primary and AA prevention are especially important here the evidence basis for recommendations on prevention of atopic eczema is discussed on the basis of the first evidencebased consensus guideline s on allergy prevention this recommends that babies should be BF exclusively for at least months and exposure to passive smoking be avoided even during pregnancy restriction of the maternal diet during pregnancy has no influence though during breastfeeding it can lower the incidence of eczema among babies at risk thereby this measure should be balanced with potential consequences of malnutrition there seems to be a positive correlation between keeping small rodents rabbits guinea pigs and possibly cats and the occurrence of atopic eczema while keeping dogs has no effect or even a protective ehave tested a key prediction of this networkstate hypothesis if the network state has a real existence and governs real PET SMB changes in the state should be seen as coherent coordinated changes along many dimensions of interneuron and motor neuron activity muscle contraction and ultimately movement that underlie PET SMB in reduced neuromuscular S9 we elicited repetitive motor programs by continued stimulation of the esophageal nerve while recording the firing of motor neurons b b b b and b and contractions of the accessory radula closer and ii muscles that respectively close and open the animals foodgrasping organ the radula using sonomicrometric techniques we similarly recorded the movement of the radula in the CR buccal mass successive esophageal nerve programs indeed exhibited clear progressive changes in motor neuron firing muscle contractions and the phasing of radula movements within each cycle from an initially intermediate or even ingestive character to a strongly egestive character we conclude that the aplysia FF cpg really has a coherent internal network state whose dynamics are likely to be reflected in the real behavior of the animal | MEDAL |
the binding of ligands and substrates to proteins has been extensively studied for many years and can be described in its simplest form by two limiting mechanisms conformational selection and induced fit conformational selection involves the IB of ligand to a preexisting sparselypopulated conformation of the free protein that is the same as that in the final proteinligand complex in the case of induced fit the ligand binds to the L1 conformation of the free protein and only subsequent to IB undergoes a conformational change to the final proteinligand complex while these two mechanisms can be dissected and distinguished by transient kinetic measurements direct direction characterization and visualization of transient sparselypopulated states of proteins are experimentally challenging unless trapped sparselypopulated states are generally invisible to conventional structural and biophysical techniques including crystallography and most nmr measurements in this review we summarize some recent developments in the use of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement to directly study sparselypopulated states of proteins and illustrate the application of this RPA to two proteins maltose binding protein and calmodulin both of which undergo large rigid body conformational rearrangements upon ligand binding from an open apo state to a closed ligandbound holo state we show that the apo state ensemble comprises a small population of partiallyclosed configurations that are similar but not MZ to that of the holo state these results highlight the complementarity and interplay of induced fit and conformational selection and suggest that the existence of partiallyclosed states in the absence of ligand facilitates the transition to the closed ligandbound state | MEDAL |
to evaluate the efficacy of isolated inferior oblique muscle weakening in the treatment of superior oblique palsy | MEDAL |
tuberous sclerosis ts is an autosomaldominant disorder characterized by a variety of hamartomatous lesions in various organs various organ involvements can be detected with radiology neurologic involvement cortical tubers subependymal nodules and white matter abnormalities renal involvement angiomyolipoma and pulmonary involvement pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia here we are reporting a case of tuberous sclerosis with multiple organ involvement and massive bilateral amls in a yearold female patient | MEDAL |
the SG sg of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis vc receives nociceptive afferent inputs from thinmyelinated aformula see text fibers and unmyelinated c fibers and has been shown to be involved in the processing of orofacial nociceptive information scutellaria baicalensis georgi huangqin sbg one of the fundamental herbs of chinese herbology has been used historically as antiinflammatory and antineoplastic medicine baicalin one of the major compounds of sbg has been reported to have neuroprotective antiinflammatory and analgesic effects however the receptor type G1 by baicalin and its precise action mechanism on the sg SN of vc have not yet been studied the wholecell patch clamp technique was performed to examine the SAC G1 by baicalin on the sg SN of vc in high clformula see text pipette solution the baicalin formula see textformula see textm induced repeatable inward currents formula see textformula see textpa formula see text without desensitization on all the sg SN tested further the inward currents showed a concentration formula see textmm dependent pattern the inward current was sustained in the presence of tetrodotoxin formula see textformula see textm a Vc sensitive naformula see text channel blocker in addition baicalininduced inward currents were reduced in the presence of picrotoxin formula see textformula see textm a gabaa receptor antagonist flumazenil formula see textformula see textm a benzodiazepinesensitive gabaa receptor antagonist and str formula see textformula see textm a glycine receptor antagonist respectively these results indicate that baicalin has GABA effects on the sg neurons of the vc which are due to the activation of gabaa andor the glycine receptor our results suggest that baicalin may be a potential target for orofacial pain modulation | MEDAL |
biological soil characteristics such as microbial biomass community structures activities and functions may provide important information on environmental and anthropogenic influences on agricultural soils diagnostic tools and detailed statistical approaches need to be developed for a reliable evaluation of these parameters in order to allow classification and quantification of the magnitude of such effects the dok LT agricultural field experiment was initiated in in switzerland for the DUE of organic and conventional farming practices it includes three representative swiss farming systems with biodynamic bioorganic and conventional fertilization and plant protection schemes along with minerally fertilized and unfertilized controls effects on microbial soil characteristics induced by the longterm management at two different stages in the crop rotation ie winter wheat after potato or corn were investigated by analyzing soil bacterial community structures using analysis of pcramplified rrna genes by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and ribosomal IGS analysis application of farmyard manure consistently revealed the strongest influence on bacterial community structures and biomass contents effects of management and plant protection regimes occurred on an intermediate level while the two stages in the crop rotation had a marginal influence that was not significant | MEDAL |
furin is a transmembrane protein that cycles between the BPM endosomes and the transgolgi network maintaining a predominant CSD in the latter it has been shown previously that tacfurin a chimeric protein expressing the extracellular and TM domains of the interleukin receptor alpha chain tac and the cytoplasmic domain of furin is delivered from the BPM to the tgn through late endosomes bypassing the endocytic recycling compartment tacfurin also recycles in a loop between the tgn and late endosomes localization of furin to the tgn is modulated by a sixamino acid acidic cluster t to follow a lognormal CSD however the analysis typically applied to wpf data does not apportion variability within versus between wearers we present an analytical FR based on a normal random effects MM of logtransformed penetration p values p wpf data from seven studies of negativepressure airpurifying halfmask respirators and from two studies of hemletandvisor type powered airpurifying respirators were analyzed by the method of maximum likelihood in the context of the MM more specifically analyses were performed for logtransformed p values and for logittransformed p values parameter estimates included withinwearer and betweenwearer variance components in GA the withinwearer component dominated the betweenwearer component we also propose a method for establishing an assigned protection factor apf that properly accounts for these VC our method provides an apf satisfying two criteria for a given wearer an acceptable wpf CSD has no more than of wpfs below the apf value and for a wearer population no more than of wearers have unacceptable wpf distributions the method incorporates an onesided confidence limit to account for sampling R2 alternative confidence limits were computed based on large sample variance estimates of random effects model parameters versus a bootstrap method in GA there was good agreement between the apf values based on logtransformed versus logittransformed p data and between apf values based on the large sample variance estimates versus the bootstrap method based on large sample variance estimates for the logittransformed p data from the seven halfmask studies estimated apfs ranged from to with studies yielding an apf given these results and related considerations we recommend that the current halfmask apf be reduced from to | MEDAL |
pharmacological interruption or genetic disruption of the reninangiotensin system before completion of nephrogenesis produces PTC atrophy and an impaired urinary concentrating ability the mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated but renal hypoperfusion and subsequent ischemia particularly to the immature renal medulla may be hypothesized the acute intrarenal responses to angiotensinconverting enzyme ace inhibition in the newborn piglet were thus investigated by means of regional blood flow CSD renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure rihp and medullary oxygen tension po in the anesthetised to dayold piglet moreover the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the NOS inhibitor lname were also given in order to reduce RBF by other means the drugs were given intravenously in equipotent pressor doses mimicking intraperitoneal injections in neonatal rats enalaprilat microgkg reduced mean arterial pressure map by meansd p and rihp by p whereas total renal blood flow and medullary po remained unchanged in contrast nifedipine mgkg reduced map and rihp by and respectively total and regional blood flows by and medullary po by p acute administration of lname mgkg increased map by p whereas rihp and renal blood flow decreased by resulting in a reduction of the medullary po by p we conclude that the renal abnormalities observed T3 neonatal ace inhibition are not likely to be caused by renal ischemia | MEDAL |
characteristic alterations of urethral pressure and length occur in patients with AS urinary incontinence urodynamics in this group of patients revealed a significant decrease in urethral PET length under the stress of bladder filling and change of position from supine to sitting a decrease in urethral closure pressure was present in individual patients and was significant all patients with stress UI demonstrated a decreased ability to voluntarily increase urethral pressure and also had evidence of pressure equalization on valsalva maneuver and coughing cough pressure profiles also demonstrated equalization of urethral and bladder pressures these profiles also were performed in a subgroup of patients with genuine stress incontinence T3 treatment of incontinence by retropubic urethropexy these profiles became normal after surgery and correlated with the clinical cure of AS UI | MEDAL |
we studied the capacity of various chemicals to promote UBC in male f rats after initiation by nnitrosonbutylhydroxybutylamine bbn the rats were given initially bbn in the drinkingwater for wk and then the test compound in the diet for wk effects were judged by measuring the formation of preneoplastic lesions papillary or nodular hyperplasia pn PH of the UB administration of but not ww sodium saccharin in the diet significantly increased the incidence and extent of pn hyperplasia this finding could be related to the induction of cancers in the rat UB by high C2 of saccharin sodium ascorbate dltryptophan and allopurinol also significantly increased the extent of pn hyperplasia in the affected animals but other test chemicals such as acetazolamide and quercetin did not the results with sodium saccharin and dltryptophan were consistent with previous findings and suggest that sodium ascorbate and allopurinol have promoting activities in urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats no rho was found between the extent of crystalluria and promotion of preneoplastic lesions | MEDAL |
the review describes the use of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh inhibitors to T0 the enzyme and to suppress its activity in various cell types the main problem of selective gapdh inhibition is a highly conserved nature of the enzyme active site and especially cys environment important for the catalytic action of cysteine sulfhydryl group numerous attempts to find TPS inhibitors of sperm gapdh and enzymes from trypanosoma sp and mycobacterium tuberculosis that would not inhibit gapdh of somatic rat cells have failed which has pushed researchers to search for new ways to solve this problem the sections of the review are devoted to the studies of gapdh inactivation by reactive oxygen species glutathione and glycating agents the final section discusses possible effects of gapdh inhibition and inactivation on glycolysis and related metabolic pathways pentose phosphate pathway uncoupling of the glycolytic oxidation and phosphorylation etc | MEDAL |
based on results from previous d sequential elimination trials which indicated that cows in early lactation preferred a sucrosesweetened diet a wk lactation trial was conducted to evaluate further the effects of sucrose supplementation twentyfour cows multiparous jerseys and primiparous holsteins were assigned at parturition to a control or sucrosesweetened of dietary dm tmr in a randomized CR block design the diet included CS alfalfa haylage and concentrate based on corn and soybean meal on a dm basis and was fed to ensure orts an additional kg of alfalfa hay were fed for the first d postpartum covariantadjusted bw on the day of parturition mean dmi milk yields fcm yields and percentages of milk fat milk protein and snf were unaffected by treatment and averaged and kgd and kgd and kgd and and and and and respectively for cows on control and sucrosesupplemented diets in the absence of a choice of diets SU at of dietary dm did not enhance mean dmi over the first wk PP however a transient increase in consumption of the sucrosesupplemented diet may have occurred over the a wk period after parturition R2 in feed consumption during early lactation suggests that additional data are needed to examine this potential effect | MEDAL |
severe CL failure causes coagulopathy and high bleeding risk Al dialysis with molecular adsorbent recirculating system mars gambro lund sweden is useful for treatment however AC during its use is of uncertain value we omitted heparinsaline priming and intradialytic heparin and examined its effects albumin dialysis was performed in critically ill patients with intermittent circuit saline flushes ± ml per treatment a total of patients m f age ± years were thus treated for fulminant hepatic failure and for acuteonchronifficient number of samples to allow statistically meaningful studies the availability of high quality biological specimens for research purposes requires the OD of standardized methods for collection longterm storage retrieval and distribution of specimens the value of biological samples to scientists and clinicians correlates with the completeness and relevance of phenotypical and clinical information associated with the samples while developing a secure webbased system to manage an inventory of multisite biorepositories algorithms were implemented to facilitate ad hoc parametric searches across heterogeneous data sources that contain data from clinical trials and research studies a flexible schema for a barcode label was introduced to allow association of samples to these data the alsbank⢠biorepository platform solution for managing biological samples and associated data is currently deployed by the northeast als consortium neals the neals consortium and the massachusetts GA hospital mgh neurology PCTs unit nctu support a network of multiple biobanks thus allowing researchers to take advantage of a larger specimen collection than they might have at an individual institution standard operating procedures are utilized at all collection CS to promote common practices for biological sample integrity quality control and associated clinical data utilizing this platform we have created one of the largest virtual collections of alsrelated specimens available to investigators studying als | MEDAL |
fetal blood sampling via cordocentesis is being used with increased frequency in our clinic fetal blood samplings patients have been performed for DUE of a variety of clinical situations our experience confirms the efficacy of the procedure and suggests that it may be an important tool for fetal assessment | MEDAL |
the intermediate QA in photosystem ii is a pheophytin molecule the radical anion of this molecule was studied using high field electron paramagnetic resonance in a series of chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants glu of the d polypeptide is thought to hydrogen bond the ring v carbonyl group of this radical mutations at this site designed to weaken or remove this hydrogen bond strongly affected the g tensor of the radical the upward shift of the gx component followed the decreasing hydrogen bonding capacity of the CAA introduced this SMB is similar to that of tyrosyl and SQ radicals it is also consistent with the optical spectra of the pheophytin in similar mutants density functional calculations were used to calculate the g tensors and rationalize the observed trend in the variation of the gx value for pheophytin and bacteriopheophytin radical the theoretical results support the exp observations and demonstrate the sensitivity of g values to the electrostatic protein environment for these types of radicals | MEDAL |
the leukocyte migration inhibition test was performed in patients with helicobacter pylori infection and in patients without such infection the SC of helicobacter pylori was used as antigen a highly significant GABA effect on leukocyte migration was found in patients with helicobacter pylori infection the results can be taken as proof of a SVR immune response to helicobacters at the cellular level in patients with helicobacter pylori infection | MEDAL |
teneurins are type ii TM proteins expressed during pattern formation and neurogenesis with an intracellular domain that can be transported to the nucleus and an extracellular domain that can be shed into the extracellular milieu in Dm caenorhabditis elegans and mouse the knockdown or KO of teneurin expression can lead to abnormal patterning defasciculation and abnormal pathfinding of neurites and the disruption of BMs here we have identified and analyzed teneurins from a broad range of metazoan genomes for nuclear localization sequences protein interaction domains and furin cleavage sites and have cloned and sequenced the intracellular domains of human and avian teneurins to analyze AS the basic organization of teneurins is highly conserved in bilateria all teneurins have epidermal growth factor egf repeats a CRD and a C1 region MZ in organization to the carboxyhalf of prokaryotic ydrepeat proteins teneurins were not found in the genomes of sponges cnidarians or placozoa but the choanoflagellate monosiga brevicollis has a gene encoding a predicted teneurin with a transmembrane domain egf repeats a cysteinerich domain and a region rat to ydrepeat proteins further examination revealed that most of the extracellular domain of the m brevicollis teneurin is encoded on a single huge bp exon and that the CRD is similar to sequences found in an enzyme expressed by the diatom phaeodactylum tricornutum this leads us to suggest that teneurins are complex hybrid fusion proteins that evolved in a choanoflagellate via horizontal gene transfer from both a prokaryotic gene and a diatom or algal gene perhaps to improve the capacity of the choanoflagellate to bind to its prokaryotic prey as choanoflagellates are considered to be the closest living relatives of animals the expression of a primitive teneurin by an ancestral choanoflagellate may have facilitated the evolution of multicellularity and complex histogenesis in metazoa | MEDAL |
patients with breast CA and positive sentinel node biopsy usually require axillary dissection different instruments are used for AD like regular scalpelmonopolar cautery bipolar cautery etc all these instruments are having its advantages and disadvantages our dept did a pilot study to know the efficacy of ultrasonic shears over cautery for AD parameters considered were cumulative drain amount number of days with the drain and number of lymphnodes harvested US shear machine delivers precisely directed mechanical energy with an ultrasonic vibrating bladea single device dissects cuts grasps spot coagulates this machine was used for doing axillary dissection in one group and regular cautery in the other group T0 period was from april to june at dept of surgical oncology st johns hospital bangalore nine people in the ultrasonic shear group and people in the cautery group were included in the pilot study no significant difference were noticed in the cumulative drain amount number of days with the drain and number of lymphnodes harvested in both the CG axillary dissection using ultrasonic shears do not show any significant difference in the cumulative drain amount number of days with the drain and number of lymphnodes harvested these are the findings of the pilot study further prospective randomized studies are required for substantiating the findings | MEDAL |
the transit time of the small intestine s antigens by the oral and nasal routes and their intrinsic heatstability make them attractive vaccine vehicles in this study we have expressed pa or segments of pa in b subtilis using two strategies first display on the spore coat and second in the germinated spore or vegetative cell using parenteral delivery we show that recombinant spores can be used to confer protective immunity in a murine model using an in vitro TN CA and a challenge experiment with the latter showing protection to median lethal dose of b anthracis spores pa must be secreted from the live bacterium or alternatively displayed on the spore surface to confer protective immunity intracellular expression of pa failed to confer protective immunity the highest levels of protective immunity were achieved when pa was displayed on the spore surface as well as in the germinating spore | MEDAL |
in dendritic cells dcs cysteine cathepsins play a key role in antigen processing invariant chain ii cleavage and regulation of cell adhesion after maturation stimuli cystatin f a cysteine protease inhibitor is present in dcs in endosomallysosomal vesicles and thus has a potential to modulate cathepsin activity in immature dcs cystatin f colocalizes with cat s after induction of dc maturation however it is translocated into lysosomes and colocalizes with cat l the GABA potential of cystatin f depends on the properties of the monomer we showed that the fulllength monomeric cystatin f was a fold stronger inhibitor of cathepsin s than the nterminally processed cystatin f whereas no significant difference in inhibition was observed for cathepsins l h and x therefore the role of cystatin f in regulating the main cathepsin s function in dcs ie the processing of ii may depend on the form of the monomer present in endosomallysosomal vesicles on the other hand intact and truncated monomeric cystatin f are both potent inhibitors of cat l and it is likely that cystatin f could regulate its activity in maturing adherent dcs controlling the processing of procathepsin x which promotes cell adhesion via activation of mac cdbcd integrin receptor | MEDAL |
intervertebral disc degeneration ivd is a frequent pathological condition conservative management often fails and patients with ivd degeneration may require surgical intervention several treatment strategies have been proposed although only surgical discectomy and arthrodesis have been proved to be predictably effective the aim of biological strategies is to prevent and manage ivd degeneration improve the function the anabolic and reparative capabilities of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells and inhibit matrix degradation at present clinical applications are still in their infancy further studies are required to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells and GT for the prevention and treatment of ivd degeneration | MEDAL |
the ketogenic diet kd and the modified atkins diet are effective therapies for intractable epilepsy we compared retrospectively the kd and modified atkins diet in children and also assessed SS VLC HFA profiles T3 months using an ITT analysis the kd was more successful with seizure reduction in vs with the modified atkins diet p after months however the difference was no longer significant vs p we observed a preventive effect of both diets on the occurrence of SE after and months of either diet NR experienced a significant decrease in SS AA concentration compared to nonresponders the kd and modified atkins diet led to seizure reduction in this small pilot series with slightly better results after months with the kd but not T3 months the decrease of serum arachidonic acid C2 might be involved in the anticonvulsive effects of kd or modified atkins diet | MEDAL |
to investigate the effect of nitric oxide no on the PR of serotonin and its main metabolite 5-HIAA acid hiaa the PH of the conscious rat was superfused through a pushpull cannula with drugs which either liberate no or inhibit no synthase nos the no donors linsidomine diethylaminenitric oxide deano SNAP snap snitrosoglutathione snog and sodium nitroprusside influenced the release of serotonin in a biphasic way low concentrations of drugs diminished while higher concentrations of these compounds enhanced the outflow of serotonin the nos inhibitors ngmethyllarginine methyl ester lname and nitroindazole nina enhanced the serotonin PR a high concentration of lname slightly diminished the outflow of serotonin inhibition of the guanylyl cyclase by oxodiazolo quinoxalineone odq abolished the changes in serotonin outflow induced by both low and high concentrations of linsidomine the extracellular concentration of the hiaa was not influenced by the compounds used these data suggest that endogenous no modulates the PR of serotonin in a biphasic and cgmpdependent way | MEDAL |
hepatocyte transplantation is an upcoming treatment for patients with metabolic CL diseases repeated cell infusions over days improve clinical outcome isolated HCs are usually cold stored in preservation solutions between repeated infusions however during cold storage isolated hepatocytes undergo cell death we investigated if tissue prhortterm memory vstm is modulated by the observers temporal expectations we extended the investigation from singlestimulus recognition to whole report experiment and partial report experiment cuestimulus foreperiods were distributed geometrically using time steps of ms in high expectancy conditions the probability that the CS- would appear on the next time step given that it had not yet appeared was high whereas in low expectancy conditions the probability was low the speed of encoding the stimuli into vstm was higher in the high expectancy conditions in L1 with the easterbrook hypothesis under high temporal expectancy the processing was also more focused selective first the storage capacity of vstm was lower so that fewer stimuli were encoded into vstm second the CSD of attentional weights across stimuli was less even the efficiency of selecting targets rather than distractors for encoding into vstm was higher as was the spread of the attentional weights of the target letters | MEDAL |
evoked electroencephalographic responses are useful for the T0 of cerebral maturation in fullterm and PT P0 infants in an attempt to achieve wider clinical application P0 infants with differing degrees of perinatal asphyxia were examined altogether examinations were performed in all of them photostimulation was used and in investigations somatosensory evoked responses were also recorded the following results were obtained visual evoked responses were affected in per cent of the cases SEPs were affected less often in per cent of the P0 babies examined the incidence and degree of deviations were related to the degree of asphyxia the most characteristic features of the evoked responses in asphyxiated infants were abnormal response patterns increase of RL and poor photic driving on the basis of all alterations observed a scoring system was developed which enabled quantitative DUE the evoked response riskscore correlated well with the degree of asphyxia repeated observations were important a permanently high riskscore at repeated investigations was a serious prognostic sign | MEDAL |
as the use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have increased it remains unclear whether or not this has affected the rates of total knee arthroplasty tka in RA arthritis ra patients therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the annual trends of ra patients who underwent tka specifically we evaluated the annual trends of tkas due to ra in the united states population and the annual trends in the proportion of tkas due to ra in the united states the nationwide inpatient sample was used to identify all patients who underwent tka between and | MEDAL |
there remains a great need for bioprosthetic valves in developing countries where monitoring of anticoagulation therapy is difficult the T0 aim was to assess the intermediate outcome following mitral VR with a stentless bovine pericardial quadrileaflet mitral quattro valve this valve maintains mitral annularpapillary continuity in patients with isolated severe rheumatic mitral valve disease | MEDAL |
glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor gdnf is a survival factor for many neuronal cell types and has wide ranging effects within the CNS system to investigate the expression of the gdnf gene in immune cell lines under inflammatory conditions we pharmacologically estimated the induction of gdnf mrna in raw cells rtpcr analysis revealed that lpsinduced gdnf mrna in raw cells does not include exon which encodes the translational start site of this gene a novel type of gdnf mrna cloned by race consisted of the previous exon and its flanking upstream region akin to a single exon gene a similar type of human gdnf mrna was also detected in a human neuroblastoma cell line shsyy without any stimulation this novel ex gdnf mrna was also upregulated by lps in primary cultured rat macrophages microglia and astrocytes and was found to exist in mouse brain ex gdnf protein produced by transfected hek cells was mainly detected in cell lysates but in CS medium only T3 pma stimulation ex gdnf protein was found to exist as an unglycosylated form in both the transfected cells and the conditioned medium while fulltype gdnf protein is glycosylated pmastimulated augmentation of unglycosylated ex gdnf protein was demonstrably regulated at the posttranslational level | MEDAL |
in recent years the costs of epinephrine autoinjectors eais in the united states have risen substantially king county emergency medical services implemented the check and inject program to replace eais by teaching emergency medical technicians emts to manually aspirate EN from a singleuse mgml EN vial using a needle and syringe followed by prehospital IM administration of the correct adult or pediatric dose of EN for anaphylaxis or serious allergic reaction treatment was guided by an emt protocol that required a trigger and symptoms we sought to determine if the check and inject program was safely implemented by emts treating presumed prehospital anaphylaxis or serious allergic reaction | MEDAL |
a disintegrin and metalloproteinase adam family proteins constitute a L1 class of membraneanchored multidomain proteinases that are responsible for the shedding of cellsurface protein ectodomains including the latent forms of growth AF cytokines receptors and other molecules snake venom metalloproteinases svmps are major components in most viper venoms svmps are primarily responsible for hemorrhagic activity and may also interfere with the hemostatic system in envenomed animals svmps are phylogenetically most closely related to adams and together with adams and related adam with thrombospondin motifs adamts family proteinases constitute adamalysinsreprolysins or the mb clan merops database of metalloproteinases although the catalytic domain structure is topologically similar to that of other MPs such as matrix metalloproteinases the mb proteinases have a modular structure with multiple noncatalytic ancillary domains that are not found in other proteinases notably crystallographic studies revealed that in addition to the conserved metalloproteinase domain mb members share a hallmark CRD designated as the adamcr domain despite their name adamtss lack disintegrinlike structures and instead comprise two adamcr domains this review highlights the current state of our knowledge on the threedimensional structures of mb proteinases focusing on their unique domains that may collaboratively participate in directing these proteinases to TPS substrates | MEDAL |
we have previously shown that hepatitis b virus hbv replication is abolished in the liver of hbv transgenic mice by stimuli that induce alphabeta interferon ifnalphabeta in the liver the present T0 was done to identify the steps in hbv replication that is affected by this cytokine in transgenic mice treated with the ifnalphabeta inducer polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid polyic here we show that the pool of cytoplasmic hbv pregenomic rna pgrnacontaining capsids is reduced fold within h T3 polyic administration while there is no NC in the abundance of hbv mrna or in the translational status of cytoplasmic hbv transcripts in addition we show that the pool of hbv dnacontaining capsids is not reduced to the same degree until at least h posttreatment and we show that virus export is not accelerated and the halflife of virions in the serum is unchanged these results indicate that ifnalphabeta triggers intracellular events that either inhibit the assembly of pgrnacontaining capsids or accelerate their degradation and that maturation and secretion of virus is responsible for clearance of hbv capsids and their cargo of replicative intermediates from the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte | MEDAL |
three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of reducing ne by adding DF in exp and and decreasing dietary fat in exp of lowcp crystalline CAA caasupplemented diets for finishing pigs on growth performance and carcass characteristics in exp and barrows exp or gilts exp were allotted to four treatments with four replicates of four pigs each average initial and final bw were and kg in exp and and kg in exp the following diets were fed in exp cornsoybean meal csbm lowcp supplemented with caa caa rice hulls caarh ne equal to diet and caarhoil ne equal to diet experiment was similar to exp except rh were replaced with WM wm oil was replaced with dry fat and the cp was decreased by in the lowcp diets in both experiments SS urean sun QTc for initial sun by covariance analysis was higher p for pigs fed csbm than for pigs fed any other diet in exp barrows fed caarh had lower hot carcass weight percentage muscle fatfree lean fflean lean gain per day RE re in fflean and leanfat ratio than barrows fed csbm along with less fflean than barrows fed caarhoil barrows fed caarh had smaller longissimus muscle areas than barrows fed any other diet and barrows fed csbm had higher dressing percentage and lower percentage total fat than barrows fed any other diet barrows fed csbm had higher leanfat ratio and lower TF than barrows fed caa in exp gilts fed caawmfat had heavier heart weights than gilts fed csbm or caa p in exp gilts were allotted to six treatments with nine replicates of gilts each average initial and final bw were and kg gilts were fed two levels of cp or plus caa added to meet an ideal amino acid ratio and three levels of ne or kcalkg resulting in a x factorial arrangement of treatments gilts fed cp had higher G/F than gilts fed cp p longissimus depth was greater for gilts fed cp than for gilts fed cp and was decreased as ne decreased only in gilts fed cp cp effect p ne linear effect p cp x ne effect p gilts fed the diet with kcal ne had lighter carcasses and less total fat fat gain per day re and re as fat regardless of protein level than gilts fed or kcal nekg ne quadratic p loin color score increased as ne decreased linear p but longissimus fat depth was increased by the lowest level of ne ne quadratic effect p overall the reduction of ne in lowcp caasupplemented diets did not affect growth performance and was not an ERP means of reducing fat in finishing pigs | MEDAL |
the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase xor is an important source of oxygen FRs and related postischemic injury xanthine dehydrogenase xdh the L1 form of xor in tissues can be converted to xanthine oxidase xo by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis the conversion of xdh to xo has been assumed to be required for radical generation and tissue injury it is also possible that xdh could generate significant quantities of superoxide â¢oââ» for cellular signaling or injury however this possibility and its potential ramifications have not been previously considered to unambiguously determine if xdh can be a significant source of â¢oââ» experiments were performed to measure and characterize â¢o²⻠generation using xdh from chicken liver that is locked in the dehydrogenase conformation electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments with diethoxyphosphorylmethylpyrrolinenoxide demonstrated that xdh in the presence of xanthine produces significant amounts of â¢oââ» nad⺠and nadh inhibited the generation of â¢oââ» from xdh in a dosedependent manner with nad⺠exhibiting stronger inhibition than nadh at low physiological concentrations decreased amounts of nad⺠and nadh which occur during and following tissue ischemia enhanced the generation of â¢oââ» from xdh in the presence of xanthine it was observed that xdhmediated oxygen radical generation markedly depressed ca²âºatpase activity of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum LDV from cardiac muscle and this was modulated by nad⺠and nadh thus xdh can be an important redoxregulated source of â¢oââ» generation in ischemic tissue and conversion to xo is not required to activate radical formation and subsequent tissue injury | MEDAL |
there is no agreed upon standard way to measure vulvar lichen sclerosus disease severity the female genital selfimage scale fgsis is a validated survey tool assessing female genital selfimage and is positively correlated with womens SF a lower score represents a negative genital selfimage we evaluated the fgsis in women with vulvar lichen sclerosus | MEDAL |
this study was conducted to compare different liquid culture media for paenibacillus larvae growth in order to find the best one to be used in studies on activity of antimicrobial substances such as essential oils p larvae presented poor growth in usual broths such as MH commonly employed in antimicrobial activity assays growth in liquid media was evaluated using paenibacillus larvae strains isolated from hives located in different geographical zones the myt medium muellerhinton broth yeast extract and thiamine was selected out of the eight liquid media analyzed as it proved to be the most adequate due to its higher absorbance at nm the following mean values were obtained from the four p larvae strains for the cobo CS for la plata CS for mechongué CS and for sierra de los padres CS respectively | MEDAL |
the general equation for the relative molar beta earlier shown to be valid for bivalent acids bases and ampholytes is shown to hold also for equimolar binary mixtures of monovalent protolytes if only the parameter s square root of kk is exchanged for t s s the same applies to the equations for the mean valence of the two classes of protolytes as a consequence thereof the titration and buffer capacity curves of a bivalent protolyte are identical with those of a monovalent protolyte with a pk value equal to the with those of a monovalent protolyte with a pk value equal to square root of kk of the bivalent one the isoprotic point of an ampholyte for a hypothetical bivalent acid base or ampholyte with s delta pk log this implies that the intrinsic rather than the hybrid dissociation constants are responsible for the titration and beta curves | MEDAL |
prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis b virus hbv infection were determined among homosexual men with no history of intravenous drug use median age years range treated at a sexually transmitted disease std clinic in rome the overall prevalence of antibodies to hbv core antigen antihbc was a rate nearly nine times as high as the found recently in a national sample of young male adults aged years and twice as high as the found in heterosexuals attending the same clinic over the same period of time MLR analysis showed that the risk of antihbc positivity was independently associated with increasing age five or more sexual partners in the previous year positive hiv serology and positive syphilis serology lower level of schooling lack of condom use history of nonulcerative std current or past history of genital herpes and positive antihcv serology were not associated with antihbc positivity these findings corroborate the importance of sexual transmission of hbv in homosexual men behavioural AF such as multiple sexual partners probably enhance the efficiency of this mode of hbv transmission | MEDAL |
bacteriophage lamda is a model in molecular biology studies since over fifty years nevertheless studies of recent years similarly to previous time periods resulted in many new experimental results which not only expanded our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of functions of this virus but also shed new CS on general rules of the transduction and transfer of genetic information in this review we present recent achievements of studies on mechanisms of regulation of bacteriophage lamda dna replication between others these studies led to determination of the composition of lamda inherited replication complex indication of the biological role of rapid degradation of free lamda omicron protein description of the proposal of regulation of the switch from early theta to late sigma lamda dna replication mode elucidation of the mechanism of transcription regulation by a replication protein dnaa and demonstration of the activity of transcription stimulator by another replication regulatorthe seqa protein these results may be important to better understand regulation of dna replication of not only bacteriophage lamda but also other organisms | MEDAL |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs are a class of organic pollutants that are commonly found in the environment largely due to combustion or processing of hydrocarbon fuels pahs are considered highly toxic for human beings and several of these compounds are carcinogenic mutagenic and teratogenic human SE to pahs occurs principally by direct inhalation ingestion or dermal contact as a result of the widespread presence and persistence of pahs in the urban environment with increasing awareness that pahs are known and suspected carcinogens this study was undertaken to monitor pah EDC in total suspended particulate matter tspm at the industrial sitenunhai agra for this purpose tspm samples were collected on glass fibre filter papers epm using high volume sampler hvs at nunhai agra epa priority pah compounds were analyzed by a GC equipped with fid detector pahs having high molecular weight ie bghip bbf dba baa bap and ip were the most abundant with concentrations ranging between to ng m the calculated mean tpah value was ng m the probably carcinogenic and possibly carcinogenic pah as classified by international agency for research on CA iarc accounted for and respectively of the total pah the health risk associated with inhalatory exposure to p change modeled by hydrogen peroxide SE in vitro is due to oxidativeinduced intracellular calcium flux and distinct cytoskeletal and lipid raft changes IP blood monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers underwent mm ho SE for to h selected cells were pretreated with microm cytochalasin d microm lactrunculin a or microm bisaminophenoxyethanennnntetraacetic acid for min cells underwent fluorescenceactivated MACS for cd cd and cytokine expression cellular and lipid raft cd expression was determined by immunoblot and confocal microscopy ho exposed monocytes underwent a rapid timedependent increase in the surface expression of cd from to at h p total cellular cd was not changed by ho but an increase in lipid raft and decrease in intracellular cd expression were seen T3 ho SE this increase in cd expression was associated with a increase in intracellular TNF an alteration in actin polymerization and the formation of raft macrodomains these changes induced by ho were inhibited by inhibition of actin polymerization cytochalasin d and lactrunculin a and intracellular calcium flux bisaminophenoxyethanennnntetraacetic acid this study provides the first evidence that phenotypic alterations induced by oxidative stress during reperfusion may occur as a result of changes in CSK architecture due to calcium flux that result in lipid raft alterations rather than solely from demargination andor production of bone marrowderived cd monocytes | MEDAL |
the cytotoxicity of a diphtheria toxinhuman epidermal growth factor FP dabegf was tested against human glioma cell lines after cells were cultured for h with various concentrations of dabegf the percentage reduction in thymidine incorporation was determined for of cell lines potent cytotoxicity was observed with ics of pm the epidermal growth factor receptor egfr density of these cell lines was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy flow cytometry and radioligand binding these assays correlated well with each other and demonstrated egfr C2 of cell for of cell lines the cell L1 umg which lacked egfr was the only cell L1 insensitive to dabegf linear regression analysis showed a good correlation between egfr density and dabegf sensitivity p and between results of FC and radiolabeled IB assays of egfr density p dabegf may have potential for intracranial therapy of egfrpositive glioblastomas | MEDAL |
causal attributions for their offending and for sexual arousal and sexual behaviour were investigated for males convicted of child sex offences these attributions were compared with those obtained from males convicted of one of three other criminal offences rape property offences and violent offences against persons in semistructured interviews the offence and sexual arousal and behaviour attribution questionnaires were po offenders offered causal attributionsdifferent microorganisms and clinical conditions that appear in similar settings buy have been clearly differentiated from them ei catscratch disease afipia felis bartonella bacilliformis other rochalimaea sp kaposis sarcoma LCH angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioma clinically the bacillary angiomatosis ba skin lesions vary from a single lesion to thousands the cutaneous lesion appears as a brightred round papule subcutaneous nodule or as a cellulitic plaque when the lesion is biopsied it tends to blanchout bleed and cause pain the patient might present with signs and symptoms of chills headaches fever malaise and anorexia with or without weight loss the extracutaneous lesions found in ba tend to be from multiple organs affecting from the oral lesions to anal mucosal lesions to widespread visceral lesions the CS of preference for ba lesion manifestation tend to be the liver SP CL nodes and bone to diagnose BA the physician should prepare a differential diagnosis based primarily on its histopathological and clinical characteristics to confirm the results from the stain electron microscopy can identify the bacillus and pinpoint the diagnosis of BA the lesions presented by ba respond well to therapy with erythromycin mg four times daily for a duration of weeks to months in case of intolerance to erythromycin the second line of drug that successfully treats the ba bacillus is doxycyline if relapses of the ba lesion recur then a prolonged antibiotic therapy is necessary and in aids patients the duration may be extended as lifelong suppressive therapy | MEDAL |
peptide vaccination against RT ags can induce powerful systemic ctl responses however in the majority of patients no RT regression is noted to study this discrepancy we analyzed ctl reactivity in a melanoma patient f vaccinated with gm peptide a single residue variant of gp ggmreactive ctl were identified in post but not prevaccination pbl limiting dilution analysis identified one predominant ctl clone c with tcr vbetas recognizing ghlaaexpressing targets additionally two autologous melanoma lines ftu and and separate tumorinfiltrating lymphocyte cultures were generated from a fine needle aspirate of a metastatic lesion progressing after initial response to vaccination both ftu did not express gp and were not recognized by c loss of gp by ftu correlated with a marked reduction of gp expression in the same M1 lesion compared with prevaccination thus ineffectiveness of c and tumor progression could be best explained by loss of target ag expression interestingly of tumorinfiltrating lymphocyte cultures recognized ftu but none demonstrated ggm CR suggesting a PET dissociation between systemic and local immune response this T0 suggests that vaccination effects must be analyzed in the target tissue rather than in the systemic circulation CT | MEDAL |
one of the most promising models of FPD to have emerged in recent years is one in which the pesticide rotenone is po systemically to laboratory rats however this MM is associated with IP toxicity and high mortality rates which impede its widespread application in preclinical drug discovery research this T0 sought to determine if administration of rotenone directly into the rat striatum could also mimic the motor dysfunction and neuropathological features of the human condition while overcoming the toxicity associated with systemic administration male spraguedawley rats were infused with control or rotenone solutions into the striatum the effect of the pesticide on body weight and spontaneous motor function corridor stepping and whisker tests was assessed ante mortem and its effect on nigrostriatal integrity quantitative tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry αsynuclein expression quantitative αsynuclein immunohistochemistry and striatal neurotransmitter content hlpc for dopamine gaba and noradrenaline was assessed post mortem intrastriatal infusion of rotenone had no detrimental effect on the rats body weight but caused significant impairments in contralateral motor function neuropathologically rotenone caused significant nigrostriatal degeneration and selective loss of dopamine from the striatum but there was no evidence of any NC in αsynuclein expression in the rotenoneinfused rats this T0 shows intrastriatal rotenone to be capable of modelling some of the main behavioural and neuropathological features of human parkinsonism while being less toxic than its systemic counterpart thus this MM may prove to be useful in future FPD drug discovery programmes | MEDAL |
DRA is characterized by a beta microglobulin beta m infiltration of joint synovia tendons and capsules we report a crosssectional ultrasonographic DUE of SS tendon and femoral neck capsule thickness in patients on longterm haemodialysis ultrasonographic evaluation was repeated sd months later in patients normal values for the SS tendon and femoral neck capsule were defined in a group of control subjects without history or signs of joint disease among the patients aged median years dialysed for median months had at least one abnormal joint the prevalence of patients with at least one and at least two abnormal joints the number of abnormal joints per patient and the thickness of the SS tendon and FA neck capsule increased significantly with dialysis duration p for all parameters considered by MLR analysis mean thickness of the supraspinatus tendon was positively related to both dialysis duration p and age p independently all n patients with radiological andor histological evidence of DRA at the time of ultrasonography had thickened supraspinatus tendon andor femoral neck capsule which were also thickened in an additional patients without radiological evidence of dialysisrelated amyloidosis three died within months of the ultrasonographic investigation postmortem examination of the periarticular tissue confirmed that the detected thickening was due in all three to beta m amyloid infiltrationabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
this research evaluated the utility of using the large amount of spectral data obtained during attenuated total reflection fouriertransform infrared spectrophotometry atrftir analysis of dried biocellulose bc to estimate the type and concentration of potential bacterial cells impurities present in the bc precleaned bc was contaminated with known concentrations of representative nucleic acid lipid and protein impurities as well as whole bacterial cells these impurity standards were then subjected to atrftir analysis and the resulting spectral data were used to develop models to estimate the concentrations of impurities in differentially processed bc results indicated that atrftir is a useful tool for estimating impurities in bc and may also be applicable for measurement of levels of noncellulose biomolecules added to bc for various purposes | MEDAL |
thyroid hemiagenesis is a very infrequent abnormality we present a case of graves disease associated to a congenital hemiagenesis of the TG the thyroid scintigraphy ultrasonography and laboratory analysis that showed the existence of thyroid hyperfunction and the present of thyroid stimulating antibodies were decisive in the diagnosis | MEDAL |
langerhans cells lc were studied with adpase histochemistry in sheets of hind footpad epidermis from groups of cbah mice single local gy doses of kv xrays were po to the right hind feet of the mice when they were months old and lc were counted at intervals ranging from to months later in unirradiated mice aged months the mean density of lc in footpad was cellsmm it dropped to cellsmm mean se in UT monthold mice at times from months after irradiation normal mean densities of lc were present in FP epidermis on average lc numbers were subsequently reduced to mm by months after irradiation of the cells in AMC and to mm by months of the cells in agematched controls loss of cells was focal chronic RIF and damage to circulatory function in skin may have contributed to impaired replacement of lc from bone marrow precursors the possibility that late radiationrelated depletion of the lc population permits OD of skin tumors as a delayed consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation is discussed | MEDAL |
SD occurring in a young man with CM after repeated attacks of headache and syncope that had been diagnosed as BA migraine is reported autopsy revealed only chiari malformation and SM the ominous potential of syncope in this syndrome is emphasized | MEDAL |
patients employers and thirdparty payers are all calling for improved measures of health care SQ this has led to the de preconditioning has a deleterious effect on hepatic tolerance to an extended cold ischemia | MEDAL |
seven new tetranuclear rare earth re complexes reacaclμoh hl fluorobenzylidenehydroxylquinoline acac acetylacetonate re y eu gd tb dy tm and lu have been synthesized and CR characterized complex exhibits multiple zerofield slow magnetic EC50 processes typical of single molecule magnets smms two distinct slow magnetic relaxation processes with ERP SE barriers of ueff k for the slow relaxation sr process and ueff k for the fast relaxation fr process are mainly attributed to the presence of two crystallographically independent dyiii sites the magnetocaloric effect mce was detected as δsmt j kg k for complex the fluorescence properties of complexes and were also investigated complexes and show the characteristic peaks for their corresponding reiii center while complexes and show similar emission peaks to the schiff base ligand when they are excited at the appropriate wavelength | MEDAL |
the effects of chloroethylphosphonic acid ethrel DDE and some growth retardants on sex expression of cucumber plants cucumis sativus l were investigated with the use of a monoecious cultivar improved long green which has a strong tendency toward malenessethrel caused increased femaleness when applied at milligrams per liter at the first to the third leaf stage but when applied at the cotyledon stage it was ineffective the later the time of application the higher the node at which the first female flower appeared the total number of female flowers was about the same regardless of application time a mixture of gibberellins a and a caused maleness and ethrel caused femaleness however when applied in combination at the first leaf stage the interaction was not significant it seems therefore that ethrel and gibberellins are not antagonistic but rather have different CS of action although they have opposing effects on sex expressionethylene caused femaleness but was far less effective than ethrel alar ndimethylaminosuccinamic acid cccchloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride phosphon d dichlorobenzyltributylphosphonium chloride and ABA did not affect sex expression of cucumber | MEDAL |
branchedchain CAA aminotransferase activities were measured in rats in which hepatic lesions were induced experimentally that is fatty CL produced by an orotic acidcontaining diet and acute hepatic lesion induced by dgalactosamine i.t. into the abdominal cavity the C2 of the enzyme MICs using lisoleucine as substrate were elevated in both cases among the isozymes enzymes i ii and iii of the enzyme the activity of EI was elevated by orotic acid treatment however with dgalactosamine treatment another isoleucine aminotransferase activity was chromatographically separated from that of enzyme i and is considered to be enzyme iii and not enzyme ii based on its ATP specificity | MEDAL |
neuroblastoma nb is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children with contrasting outcomes precise risk assessment contributes to prognosis prediction which is critical for treatment strategy decisions in this study we developed a protein predictor model including the neural SC marker msi neural differentiation marker id and proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna to improve clinical risk assessment of patients with nb kaplanmeier analysis in the microarray data gse revealed that low expression of id and high expression of msi and pcna were associated with poor prognosis in nb patients combined application of these markers to constitute a signature further stratified nb patients into different risk subgroups can help obtain more accurate prediction performance survival prognostic power of age and msiidpcna signature by ROCs analysis showed that this signature predicted more effectively and sensitively compared with classic risk stratification system compensating for the deficiency of the prediction CF of the age furthermore we validated the expressions of these proteins in neuroblastic RT spectrum tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed that msi and pcna exhibited increased expression in nb compared with intermedial ganglioneuroblastoma and benign ganglioneuroma whereas id C2 were reduced in nb in conclusion we established a robust risk assessment predictor model based on simple immunohistochemistry for therapeutic decisions of nb patients | MEDAL |
peptidebased biomaterials have many potential applications in tissue engineering drug delivery surface engineering and other Az in this T0 we exploited a series of amphiphilic diblock model MMP lk lgsiik and lpdpk to understand how the supramolecular assembly morphology may be modulated by the PCS properties of the peptide monomer and exp conditions a combination of experimentation and simulation revealed that although all three MMP lack stable structures as monomers their C2 of conformational heterogeneity differ significantly importantly such differences appear to be correlated with the MMP ability to form sheetlike assemblies in particular substantial conformational heterogeneity appears to be required for anisotropic growth of sheetlike materials likely by reducing the peptide assembly kinetics to test this hypothesis we increased the ph to neutralize the lysine residues and promote peptide aggregation and the resulting faster assembly rate hindered the growth of the sheet morphology as predicted in addition we designed and investigated the social rank is often gained through competition with other males selection should favour bigger males over smaller ones we may therefore predict faster growth andor delayed sexual maturity in dominant males likewise dominants should have higher levels of testosterone hormone important in many aspects of male dominance less obvious is the relationship between dominance and C2 of corticosterone but generally higher concentrations are expected in subordinate individuals we studied body growth sexual maturation and endocrinal changes in males of two house mouse subspecies raised in fraternal pairs since mus musculus domesticus is the subspecies which dominates mutual encounters with mus musculus musculus we predicted higher growth rate DP and aggression and higher testosterone and corticosterone levels in domesticus males compared to musculus in all comparisons no differences were found between dominant and subordinate musculus brothers on the other hand in m m domesticus dominant males revealed a different growth trajectory and lower corticosterone C2 than subordinate males but not delayed puberty and higher testosterone concentrations thus contradicting our predictions in intersubspecific comparisons musculus males matured earlier but became aggressive at the same time as domesticus males the musculus testosterone ontogeny suggests that social positions in this subspecies remain unfixed for an extended period and that the increasing C2 probably reflect prolonged hierarchy contests it appears that the ontogeny of behaviour and physiological traits diverge cryptically between the two subspecies | MEDAL |
tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide were evaluated in a doubleblind trial in order to investigate their antihypertensive and metabolic effects T3 weeks the decreases in blood pressure and the changes in plasma or SS electrolytes urea creatinine gl cholesterol and triglycerides and in creatinine clearance did not differ in the two groups of patients in patients taking tienilic acid a significant decrease in serum uric acid and an increase in urate clearance was observed whereas in patients receivincongestive HF in infancy | MEDAL |
in photosynthesis the harvesting of solar energy and its subsequent conversion into a SD charge separation are dependent upon an interconnected macromolecular network of membraneassociated chlorophyllprotein complexes although the detailed structure of each complex has been determined the size and organization of this network are unknown here we show the use of atomic force microscopy to directly reveal a native bacterial photosynthetic membrane this first view of any multicomponent membrane shows the relative positions and associations of the photosynthetic complexes and reveals crucial new features of the organization of the network we found that the membrane is divided into specialized domains each with a different network organization and in which one type of complex predominates two types of organization were found for the peripheral lightharvesting lh complex in the first CG of molecules of lh form lightcapture domains that interconnect linear arrays of dimers of core reaction centre rclightharvesting rclhpufx complexes in the second they were found outside these arrays in larger clusters the lh complex is ideally positioned to CF as an SE collection hub temporarily storing it before transfer to the rc where photochemistry occurs the elegant economy of the photosynthetic membrane is demonstrated by the close packing of these linear arrays which are often only separated by narrow energy conduits of lh just two or three complexes wide | MEDAL |
the immune response to srbc was measured in the spleens of ATx TB irradiated mice injected with various combinations of thymus and bone marrow cells together with thymic humoral factor thf it was found that the number of PFCs was significantly increased when thf was given in vivo immediately after thymus cell administration or when thymus cells were incubated in thf before i.t. on the other hand bone marrow cells equally treated did not manifest any t cell activity since thftreated bone marrow cells were not able to substitute thymus cells in the system used the results accumulated in the present experiments indicate therefore that the target cells for thf activranged between and finally among sixteen treatments done with calciferol at and warfarin at in various cereal baits the best results were obtained in six treatments where the baitbase was whole canary seed this was so whether the poison bait was applied directly or after a day prebaiting period it is concluded that calciferol at plus warfarin at is an ERP combination against housemice especially when used with whole canary seed the role played by warfarin in the poison mixture needs to be investigated further | MEDAL |
the mode and DP of termination of the afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus lrn of the cat were examined at the cellular level through the ultrastructural localization of induced degeneration examination of the lrn following hemicordotomy at the fifth and C6 levels revealed that most of the degenerating terminals were in contact with intermediate and distal dendrites and that most of these degenerating terminals were small and contained round LDV fewer degenerating terminals were observed on the somata and proximal dendrites T3 spinal hemisection and most of these terminals were C1 and contained round vesicles following lesions of the pericruciate cortex small degenerating terminals were occasionally observed making contact onto intermediate and distal dendrites degenerating rubral terminals were observed synapsing on somata somatic and dendritic spines proximal dendrites and most commonly on intermediate and distal dendrites following lesioning of the red nucleus the degenerating axosomatic rubrolrn terminals belonged to the C1 roundvesicle terminal population while those degenerating terminals contacting intermediate and distal dendrites belonged to the small roundvesicle population small degenerating terminals were occasionally seen following lesions of the fastigial nucleus and they made synaptic contact mainly onto intermediate and distal dendrites and dendritic spines the present ultrastructural observations taken together with the convergence pattern of lrn afferents and the available EP data on inputs to the lrn suggest an extensive integration of converging impulses from two or more afferent sources to the rostral lrn neurons the results of this study therefore support the veiw that the rostral lrn functions as a comparator of command signals from the motor SC and red nucleus and feedback signals from the spinal cord and cerebellum during ongoing movement | MEDAL |
previous studies show that the angiotensin type receptor atr is susceptible to rapid desensitization but that more chronic treatments that stimulate ang ii lead to sensitization of several responses it is unclear however if the processes of desensitization and sensitization interact to test for differences in atr expression associated with single or repeated injections of ang ii we measured atr mrna in nuclei that control fluid intake of rats given ang ii either in a single i.t. or divided into three i.v. spaced min apart rats given a single injection of ang ii had more atr mrna in the subfornical organ sfo and the periventricular tissue surrounding the AVCN third IVT avv than did controls the effect was not observed however when the same cumulative dose of ang ii was divided into multiple injections behavioral tests found that single daily injections of ang ii sensitized the dipsogenic response to ang ii but a daily regimen of four injections did not cause sensitization analysis of isarang ii IB revealed a paradoxical decrease in binding in the caudal avv and dorsal median preoptic nucleus after days of single daily i.v. of ang ii however this effect was absent in rats treated for days with four daily ang ii injections taken together these data suggest that a desensitizing treatment regimen prevents behavior and receptorlevel effects of repeated daily ang ii | MEDAL |
in continuation of previous in vitro experiments the influence of glucose infusions on the following haemostatic functions was investigated BT platelet count platelet aggregation PR reaction fibrinogen concentration PTT time five volunteers with normal metabolism a glucose infusion g was given for two hrs before and hrs after the beginning of the infusion blood sugar IRI and haemostatic parameters were determined apart from an increase in the glucose and insulin level a prolonged BT increased platelet count inhibition of platelet aggregation and PR reaction occurred simultaneously fibrinogen concentration increased and PTT time shortened the possible causes of these changes in haemostasis during gl supply are discussed | MEDAL |
an anomalous SF ulnar i.a. was found during anatomical dissection in the right arm of an yearold japanese woman it originated in the axillary artery crossed over the MN coursed ventral to the median nerve and the BA but SF to the bicipital aponeurosis and the flexor muscles at the palm it formed the SF and deep palmar arches together with the branches of the radial artery the brachial artery divided into the radial and common interosseous arteries in the cubital fossa | MEDAL |
a method is presented for isolating primary OBs from the periosteal surface of chick tibia the SC system identified supports both cell proliferation and phenotype retention cell numbers increased fold in week and fold over a total of days wellestablished osteoblast markers ALP phosphatase IF gammacarboxyglutamic acid osteocalcin type i collagen and parathyroid hormone binding were detected osteocalcin gammacarboxyglutamic acid and type i collagen were present on SC day and were increased in amount by day but were similar to the earlier level on day suggesting that the phenotype may revert to a less differentiated state by DIC ALP phosphatase staining was intense at all three CA times however during the last days of the day SC period proliferation rates were higher than in the previous days | MEDAL |
dynamic SMB of leukocytes in the MC of solid RT tissue was visualized using a fluorescent labeling technique combined with the use of a RT confocal laserscanning TSM clsm system colon tumor cells rcn were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of F344 rats tumorfree rats were similarly injected with physiological saline intraperitoneally ten days T3 tumor inoculation the mesentery was exteriorized and subjected to vital microscopic observation under the clsm system WBCs were labeled with rhodamine g microg kg intravenously and their behavior within the microvessels microm in diameter was analyzed both in the solid tumor tissues and the normal mesentery wall shear rate was calculated from the measured values of VD and erythrocyte flow velocity in tumor microvasculature of tumorbearing rats the centerline erythrocyte velocity mm s mean standard deviation and wall shear rate s were significantly lower than those of the tumorfree rats mm s s respectively despite such reduced flow conditions flux of the rolling WBCs as well as density of the adhered leukocytes both decreased significantly in RT microvasculature as compared with normal controls the methods developed in this work show promise in improving our understanding of RT biology and pathophysiology | MEDAL |
chorionic villus sampling cvs is a recent advance in prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester maternal serum alpha fetoprotein afp screening for NT defects is done from weeks gestation previous studies have shown an elevation of afp levels following AC the aim of this T0 was to determine the effect of cvs on afp levels immediately following this procedure cvs was performed under US guidance on patients between and weeks gestation undergoing elective termination of pregnancy a portex catheter was used for obtaining villi MS afp levels were ascertained before and T3 cvs by radioimmunoassay in the group of patients weeks or less no NC in afp C2 was seen in patients greater than weeks gestation a significant rise in postbiopsy afp level was noted in of patients further studies are planned to clarify the effect of cvs on afp C2 in patients with ongoing pregnancies clarification of this issue is important to the role of cvs in prenatal screening | MEDAL |
interferon ifn shows no specificity in inhibiting the growth of colonies of myeloid leukaemia blasts in SC as compared to normal haemopoietic precursors but does reduce the selfrenewal capacity of myeloblasts we have tested the ability of ifn to slow the leukocyte doubling time ldt and to prolong remissions induced by busulphan in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia cgl patients served as their own controls the ldt during relapse from a busulphaninduced remission on no therapy was determined and compared with the ldt on ifn MT the initial dose of ifn x u m subcutaneously three times per week was adjusted up or down to prevent the leukocyte count from rising and the PLT count from falling below x l the dose of ifn required to prevent relapse in seven patients ranged from x u m three times per week to x u m daily with a median of x u m three times per week ifn maintenance therapy has prevented relapse in six patients for more than months to more than months in five patients the ldt was slowed initially but the disease later progressed in four patients to enter the accelerated three patients or blast phase one patient the ldt during ifn therapy did not NC from the ldt on no therapy in one patient this patient later PD to the blast phase in two additional patients the leukaemia PD during the first course of ifn with shortening of the ldt both of these patients entered the blast phase in the four patients who have discontinued ifn following relapse in the CP the ldt remained prolonged for at least one relapse T3 the ifn was stopped ifn MT failed to control the leukocyte count in the six patients with a control ldt of less than days and five of these have PD to enter the accelerated or blast phase the early survival of this group of patients resembles the survival of good risk cgl patients reported by others we conclude that ifn maintenance therapy does alter the relapse pattern of a subset of cgl patients either slowing the ldt or preventing relapse | MEDAL |
research from the present laboratory with AD stroke patients showed that structural neuroplastic changes are correlated with clinical improvements due to constraintinduced movement ci therapy this pilot T0 evaluated whether comparable changes occur in children receiving ci therapy ten children boys with congenital hemiparesis mean age years months underwent mri scans weeks before immediately before and immediately after receiving weeks of ci therapy longitudinal voxelbased morphometry was performed on mri scans to determine gray matter NC in addition the pediatric motor activity logrevised was po at these time points to assess arm use in daily life before and after treatment children exhibited C1 improvements after ci therapy in spontaneous use of the moreaffected arm p d a significant increase in gray matter volume occurred in the sensorimotor SC contralateral to the moreaffected arm p there was a trend for these changes to be correlated with motor improvement r p trends were also observed for increases in GM volume in the ipsilateral motor cortex p and CL hlizes to both the intermembrane space and the matrix SD of rexo by rna interference causes a strong morphological phenotype in human cells which show a disorganized network of punctate and granular mitochondria lack of rexo protein also causes a substantial decrease of mitochondrial nucleic acid content and impaired de novo mitochondrial protein synthesis our data constitute the first in vivo evidence for an oligoribonuclease activity in human mitochondria | MEDAL |
acute LAD artery occlusion was produced in conscious chronically instrumented dogs forty T2 after coronary occlusion nine dogs were given iv teprotide microgramskgmin followed by oral doses of captopril mgkg every hours for hours the remaining dogs served as salineinfused controls in all dogs acute coronary occlusion increased plasma renin activity and IP V1 resistance and reduced cardiac SO but did not NC mean aortic blood pressure significantly teprotide significantly p less than decreased peripheral V1 resistance from to dyseccm sd and mean aortic pressure from to mm hg and increased cardiac output from to lmin teprotide also produced a relative increase in flow to the renal and splanchnic circulations compared with the salinetreated controls there were however no differences in segmental SS blood flow in the normal or ischemic myocardium or infarct size these results indicate that the reninangiotensin system may play an important role in dogs with acute CO and that blockade of this system lowers systemic blood pressure and improves cardiac SO however direct effects of reninangiotensin system blockade on the myocardium are lacking there were no changes in myocardial blood flow myocardial mechanics or infarct size | MEDAL |
CO schizophrenia is a rare clinically severe form of schizophrenia which is associated with disrupted cognitive linguistic and social OD well before the appearance of frank psychotic PS this disruption of multiple developmental domains signals the important opportunity these patients present for examining neurodevelopmental and other etiologic hypotheses of schizophrenia the present research update reviews studies of the phenomenology and neurobiology of childhoodonset schizophrenia conducted since findings from these studies indicate that children can be diagnosed with schizophrenia using unmodified dsmiii iiir and iv criteria and that the atypical neuroleptic clozapine is an effective medication for this treatment refractory group neuropsychologic and neurobiologic studies generally support continuity with AO schizophrenia with evidence of more severe premorbid impairment longitudinal studies show preliminary evidence of progressive VVI enlargement and more prolonged deterioration in intellectual CF than is seen in the AO disorder if replicated these observations together with the insidious onset of this disorder would suggest that the pathologic underpinning of COS is not a single static lesion or event but may be a continuous or multievent process | MEDAL |
matrix metalloproteinase mmp and matrix metalloproteinase are involved in many illnesses affecting Pr women including intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy icp a serious liver abnormality during pregnancy epigallocatechingallate egcg has been widely reported to inhibit MICs of mmp and mmp we aimed to investigate the role of egcg in ameliorating icp symptoms in a rat model using αethinylestradiol to induce icp in pregnant rats we investigated the efficacy of egcg administration on icp PS including bile flow rate total bile acids tba and mmp and mmp MICs rho T0 was conducted among C2 of the two mmps with other icp PS in icp rats activities of both mmp and mmp were significantly elevated egcg administration could inhibit the upregulation of mmp and mmp posttranscriptionally furthermore egcg ameliorated icp PS as evidenced by restored bile flow rate and tba showing efficient treatment outcomes at last C2 of tba and the two mmps were found to be strongly correlated our study demonstrates that for the first time the tau of egcg in ameliorating icp symptoms by inhibiting both mmp and mmp which supports its potential as a novel drug in ameliorating icp | MEDAL |
we describe late infantile taysachs disease with high residual hexosaminidase a activity in two siblings of a syrian druze family the patients WBCs had of normal Hex a activity when tested with the conventional fluorogenic substrate methylumbelliferylacetamidodeoxybetadglucopyranoside mug and only about when assayed with the sulfated ATP methylumbelliferal betanacetylglucosaminesulfate mugs according to the standard procedure of the nu/+ screening program employing mug and heat inactivation the parents were not diagnosed as an atrisk couple since the father was classified as a noncarrier however both parents C2 were clearly within the carrier range on the basis of mugs the unique catalytic characteristics of the patients enzyme forward the assumption that the affected sibs are b variants the parents enzymatic levels together with their known consanguinity might indicate that these patients are homozygotes for the rare mutation and not genetic EDC as has been documented for most of the infantile b variants to the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of b variant in a child of that extraction | MEDAL |
the site of gene action of the staggerer mutation of mice was investigated with staggerer in equilibrium or formed from wildtype chimeras homozygous sg mice show severe locomotor difficulties due to cerebellar CA which include degeneration of virtually all granule cells and cytological defects in PCs although the locomotor deficits of the mutant were not present in the chimeras the presence of staggerer cells affected cerebellar structure the size and the extent of foliation of the chimeric cerebella were intermediate between wiletype and homozygous sg a normally proportioned GC SL was present using betaglucuronidase as an independent determinant of a cells genotype it was found that the genotypically sg mediumtolarge neurons expressed all of the light microscopic defects observable in these cells in the homozygous mutant these defects include smaller size usually ectopic location and regional variation in the cytological appearance of the perikaryon by contrast all PCs which were genotypically wildtype appeared normal in size in location and in their cytological appearance their density however was much reduced from wildtype the effects of the staggerer mutation on the granule stellate and basket cells could not be directly assessed as the glucuronidase marker is not suitable for use with these cells the sg gene thus acts directly on purkinje cells rather than via extracellular environmental changes the findings are discussed in terms of their implications for normal cerebellar development | MEDAL |
h bradykinin h bkn was microinfused CT or in the presence of a or fold excess of bkn or angiotensin i ai into PTs in inactinanesthetized rats urinary excretion of hlabeled material was measured and intact peptide and its metabolites were identified and quantified when h bkn was po with bkn or ai urinary REC of hlabeled material was increased in a manner directly proportional to tubular length suggesting that reabsorption of h bkn is related to extent of tubular contact bkn and ai were equally ERP in inhibiting the reabosroption of h bkn and its metabolites from proximal tubular fluid in contrast bkn but not ai effectively inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis of h bkn in the proximal tubule the data suggest that the PT tubular mechanism for reabsorbing bkn and its metabolites is of high capacity but not high specificity and that the mechanisms for enzymatic cleavage and reabsorption of bkn and its metabolites may had different specificites and capacities | MEDAL |
eighteen granular SCT from various CS were examined with antisera directed against protein s neuron TPS enolase nse alphaantichymotrypsin and alphaantitrypsin glial fibrillary Pa gfap lysozyme factor viiirelated antigen myoglobin and vimentin as well as with a monoclonal antibody lu directed against a panepithelial marker the immunocytochemical reaction DP of the PT was heterogeneous the BB and PIT PT and one thyroid RT reacted for alphaantichymotrypsin and alphaantitrypsin but not for s protein and nse however tumors from other sites showed immunoreactions for s protein and nse and some also for vimentin reactions for alphaantichymotrypsin and alphaantitrypsin were not observed all other reactions were similarly negative we conclude that the morphologically homogeneous group of granular SCT is biologically heterogeneous | MEDAL |
polyalphacyanoglycine a homopolymer synthesized from the ncarboxyanhydride of alphacyanoglycine is converted by cumulative reaction of HCN to heteropolypeptides that can be hydrolyzed to protein amino acids including glycine alanine valine aspartic acid and glutamic acid these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the original heteropolypeptides on the earth arose spontaneously from hydrogen cyanide and water without the intervening formation of alphaamino acids | MEDAL |
the contractile properties of motor units mus were investigated in the MG mg muscle in rats after the spinal cord hemisection at a low thoracic level hemisected animals were divided into groups and days T3 injury intact rats formed a control group the mass of the mg muscle did not change significantly after spinal cord hemisection hind limb locomotor DP was almost unchanged starting from two weeks after injury but contractile properties of mus were however altered ICT ct and halfrelaxation time hrt of mus were prolonged in all investigated groups of hemisected rats the twitchtotetanus ratio twtet of fast mus after the spinal cord hemisection increased for slow mus twtet values did not change in the early stage T3 the injury but significantly decreased in rats and days T3 hemisection as a result of hemisection the fatigue resistance especially of slow and FR mu types was reduced as well as fatigue index fat i calculated for the whole examined population of mus decreased progressively with the time after spinal cord hemisection a reduced number of fast mus presented the sag at frequencies and hz however more of them revealed sag in hz tetanus in comparison to control group due to considerable changes in twitch contraction time and disappearance of sag effect in unfused tetani of some mus in hemisected animals the classification of mus in all groups of rats was based on the hz tetanus index hz tet i but not on the standard criteria usually applied for mus classification mu type differentiations demonstrated some clear changes in mg muscle composition in hemisected animals consisting of an increase in the proportion of slow mus likely due to an increased participation of the studied muscle in tonic antigravity activity together with an increase in the percentage of FF mus | MEDAL |
since diagnostic LS combined with laparoscopic ultrasonography has been performed in our center in more than patients for staging of PT of the liver bile ducts pancreas esophagus and gastric cardia in this article our experience with laparoscopic ultrasonography for abdominal RT staging is described with particular attention for the technical aspects imaging findings limitations and pitfalls | MEDAL |
limb amputation often represents the only treatment option for canine patients with certain diseases or injuries of the appendicular system previous studies have investigated adaptations to tripedal locomotion in dogs but there is a lack of understanding of biomechanical compensatory mechanisms this T0 evaluated the kinematic differences between quadrupedal and tripedal locomotion in nine healthy dogs running on a treadmill the loss of the right pelvic limb was simulated using an ehmer sling kinematic gait analysdent pka and by paxilline an inhibitor of mitochondrial calciumactivated k channels the opening of which is potentiated by camppka signaling compared with wt mitochondria pdeb mitochondria were enriched in Bcl-2 bcl produced less ROS species and more frequently contacted transverse tubules where pdeb was localized with caveolin moreover a pdeb mitochondrial fraction containing connexin and caveolin was more resistant to cainduced opening of the MPT pore proteomics analyses indicated that pdeb heart mitochondria fractions were enriched in buoyant ischemiainduced caveolinenriched fractions icefs containing cardioprotective proteins accumulation of proteins into icefs was pka dependent and was achieved by ischemic preconditioning or treatment of wt HR with the pde inhibitor cilostamide taken together these findings indicate that pdeb deletion confers cardioprotective effects because of camppkainduced preconditioning which is associated with the accumulation of proteins with cardioprotective function in icefs to our knowledge our study is the first to define a role for pdeb in cardioprotection against ir injury and suggests pdeb as a target for cardiovascular therapies | MEDAL |
a comparison of tetracycline chloramphenicol and trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole showed that all hasten the eradication of vibrio cholerae from the stools of patients with choleraa fourday period of tetracycline or trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole was adequate for eradicating v cholerae from the stools of all patients but three days as suggested by the who expert EC was not four days of chloramphenicol therapy was sufficient for most patients but a minority required up to seven days therapypurging produced reappearance of v cholerae in the stools of oneeighth of the patients who had had three successive daily negative stool cultures such patients are a potential danger to the population | MEDAL |
CDV is the etiological agent of a severe disease in dogs and many other carnivores clinical diagnosis of canine distemper is difficult due to the broad spectrum of signs that may be confounded with other respiratory and enteric diseases of dogs accordingly a laboratory confirmation is required for suspected cases in this study a RT rtpcr assay was developed for detection and quantitation of canine distemper virus the CA exhibited high specificity as all the negative controls notemplatecontrols and samples from healthy seronegative dogs and other canine pathogens were not misdetected up to x copies of rna were detected by the taqman CA thus revealing a high sensitivity quantitative taqman was validated on clinical samples including various tissues and organs collected from dogs naturally infected by canine distemper virus urines tonsil conjunctival swabs and whole blood were found to contain high virus loads and therefore proved to be suitable targets for PCD of CDV rna | MEDAL |
the CL is an attractive target organ for insulin gene expression in type diabetes as it contains AGA cellular mechanisms of regulated mRNA in response to blood gl and insulin we hypothesize that insulin production regulated by both gl and insulin may be achieved using the promoter of the glucose phosphatase gene gpase the expression of which in the liver is induced by gl and suppressed by insulin recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing the reporter gene cat or insulin under transcriptional direction of the gpase promoter were constructed glucosestimulated as well as selflimiting insulin production was achieved in vectortransduced hepatoma cells in which expression of the INS was controlled by the gpase promoter while insulin strongly inhibited the gpase promoter activity under low glucose conditions its inhibitory capacity was att when glucose levels were elevated at the physiologic glucose level of mm gl vectortransduced hepatoma cells produced a selflimited level of insulin at approximately ngml which is within the range of fasting levels of insulin in normal animals these results indicate that the gpase promoter possesses desirable features and may be developed for regulated hepatic insulin gene expression in type diabetes | MEDAL |
OBs and adipocytes originate from common mesenchymal precursors with aging there is a decrease in osteoprogenitor cells that parallels an increase of adipocytes in bone marrow we observed that rabbit serum rs induces adipocytelike differentiation in human OSA saosb and mg cell lines in rat ros cells and in mouse calvariaderived OB mb cells as evidenced by the accumulation of oil red o positive lipid vesicles and the decrease in alkaline phosphatase expression both saosb and mg cells but not ros nor mb cells express significant C2 of ppargamma mrna a member of the peroxisome proliferator G1 receptor ppar family that has been implicated in the control of adipocyte differentiation however both ros and mg cells express significant C2 of the adipocyte selective marker ap fatty acid IB mrna which can be further increased by rs these cell types express ppardeltanuc but not pparalpha indicating that cells that do not express either ppargamma or pparalpha are capable of differentiating into adipocytelike cells transfection experiments in cos cells showed that compared with fetal bovine SS fbs rs is rich in agents that stimulate ppardependent transcription the stimulatory activity was EA extractable and was fold more abundant in rs than in fbs purification and analysis revealed that the major components of this extract are free fatty acids furthermore the same fatty acids a mixture of palmitic oleic and LA acids activate the ppars and induce adipocytelike differentiation of both ros and saosb cells these findings suggest that fatty acids or their metabolites can initiate the switch from OBs to adipocytelike cells | MEDAL |
LW and ultrasound measures of FT and longissimus muscle area were available on yearling bulls and heifers and carcass measures of weight longissimus muscle area and fat thickness were available on steers breeding values were initially estimated for carcass weight LMA and fat thickness using only steer carcass data breeding values were also estimated for weight and ultrasound muscle area and FT using live animal data from bulls and heifers with traits considered sexspecific the combination of live animal and carcass data were also used to estimate breeding values in a full rat BV from the carcass MM were less accurate and distributed more closely around zero than those from the live data MM which could at least partially be explained by differences in relative amounts of data and in phenotypic mean and heritability adding live animal data to evaluation models increased the average accuracy of carcass trait BV and for carcass weight longissimus muscle area and fat thickness respectively rank correlations between BV estimated with carcass vs live animal data were low to moderate ranging from to significant rank changes were noted when breeding values for similar traits were estimated exclusively with live animal vs carcass data carcass trait BV estimated with both live animal and carcass data were most accurate and rank correlations reflected the relative contribution of carcass data and their live animal indicators the addition of live animal data to genetic DUE of carcass traits resulted in the most significant carcass trait breeding value accuracy increases for young replacements that had not yet produced progeny with carcass data | MEDAL |
mammalian trp channel proteins form sixtransmembrane cationpermeable channels that may be grouped into six subfamilies on the basis of CAA CS homology trpc trpv trpm trpa trpp and trpml recent studies of trp channels indicate that they are involved in numerous fundamental cell functions and are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases many trps are expressed in kidney along different parts of the nephron and growing evidence suggest that these channels are involved in hereditary as well as acquired kidney disorders trpc trpm and trpp have been implicated in hereditary focal segmental GS fsgs hypomagnesemia with AA hypocalcemia hsh and polycystic kidney disease pkd respectively in addition the highly caselective channel trpv contributes to several acquired mineral dysregulation such as diabetes mellitus dm acidbase disorders diuretics immunosuppressant agents and vitamin d analoguesassociated ca imbalance whereas trpv may CF as an osmoreceptor in kidney and participate in the regulation of sodium and water balance this review presents an overview of the current knowledge concerning the CSD of trp channels in kidney and their possible roles in renal physiology and kidney diseases | MEDAL |
the A-V thromboembolism prevention study concludes that AC is ERP in reducing the risk of TE in patients who are identified as higher risk by caprini scores this report critically assesses the statistics used in the A-V thromboembolism prevention study its method of data presentation and its conclusions the usefulness of risk stratification and the value of anticoagulationboth prevailing concepts in risk reduction todayare challenged actual data show that chemoprophylaxis has no proven benefit in plastic surgery complications of AC predictably include excessive one and hematomas which may be serious and lifethreatening several large published series of patients undergoing elective plastic surgery under total intravenous anesthesia have shown a much reduced risk of thromboembolism a safe spontaneous breathing avoid gas face up extremities mobile anesthesia method is discussed as a safer and more ERP alternative to traditional GA ET anesthesia and axperiment database and the temporal and spatial distribution variation and affecting AF in recent years were analyzed by means of timeseries analysis and gray relational grade analysis the results showed that the average water requirement of winter wheat was mm in henan province from to and it was lowest at lushi station and highest at mengjin station the average water requirement of winter wheat was lowest from to and highest from to at most stations the water requirement of winter wheat showed a tendency to increase with years at the stations xinxiang luanchuan kaifeng xixia nanyang xinyang and gushi while it indicated a tendency to decline in the other stations the water requirement of winter wheat in north henan was higher than in south henan and had a high span variation in west henan during the growing period of winter wheat the average daily maximum and minimum temperatures showed a tendency to increase with years while the average daily wind speed and relative humidity and the sunshine hours had a tendency to decline in henan province the water requirement of winter wheat was mainly affected by the average daily maximum temperature and the sunshine hours and least influenced by the average daily relative humidity | MEDAL |
poorly differentiated insular TC is now classified as a separate entity among other tumors of the thyroid gland its histologic DP and its clinical course are regarded as intermediate between well differentiated and anaplastic TC insular carcinoma accumulates i but no data exist regarding its fluorodeoxyglucose fdg positron emission tomographic pet uptake the authors report f fdg pet tcm mibi and radioiodine imaging features in a yearold patient with metastatic insular TC after TT for poorly differentiated insular carcinoma pta the patient was referred for radioiodine ablation no signs of recurrence were present until months later when thyroglobulin C2 increased an i scan showed a single lesion in the right lung and further radioiodine treatment was po CD mci mbq i three years after the initial diagnosis fdgpet and tcm mibi scans were performed within days during thyroxine treatment T3 that thyroxine substitution was withdrawn weeks later an i wholebody scan was performed both radioiodine and mibi images showed increased tracer uptake in the known lung lesion however fdg pet showed a normal tracer distribution magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging confirmed a mm lesion in the right upper lobe these findings support the concept of the flipflop phenomenon in insular thyroid carcinoma an alternating pattern of metastases with either i or fdguptake despite poorly differentiated histologic findings glucose metabolism was not increased in this patient with an insular RT | MEDAL |
insecticyanin a blue biliprotein isolated from the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta l is involved in insect camouflage its threedimensional structure has now been solved to a resolution using the techniques of multiple isomorphous replacement noncrystallographic symmetry averaging about a local fold rotation axis and solvent flattening all amino acids have been fitted to the electron density map the map clearly shows that insecticyanin is a tetramer with one of its molecular fold axes coincident to a crystallographic dyad the individual subunits have overall dimensions of a x a x a and consist primarily of an eightstranded antiparallel betabarrel flanked on one side by a turn alphahelix interestingly the overall threedimensional fold of the insecticyanin subunit shows remarkable similarity to the structural motifs of bovine betalactoglobulin and the human SS retinolbinding protein the electron density attributable to the chromophore is unambiguous and shows that it is indeed the gammaisomer of biliverdin the BV lies towards the open end of the betabarrel with its two propionate side chains pointing towards the solvent and it adopts a rather folded conformation much like a heme | MEDAL |
experimental amnioallantoic fluid aaf exchange has been shown to prevent intestinal damage in the CE gastroschisis MM aaf contains both urinary and gastrointestinal waste products uwp and giwp an experimental study was performed to find the waste products responsible for this intestinal damage gastroschisis was created in chick embryos half were treated with aaf exchange the other half were not treated aaf samples were obtained for PSA determination of urea nitrogen and creatinine as uwp bile acids and bilirubin as giwp at the end of the incubation intestines were evaluated by LM while giwp bile salts and bilirubin were significantly removed from aaf by exchange the C2 of uwp urea nitrogen and creatinine were unaffected intestinal wall thickness was less in the exchange group compared to the untreated group the unchanged C2 of uwp after aaf exchange may be attributed to their relatively rapid production compared to giwp dilution of giwps by aaf exchange results in prevention of the intestinal damage in GS | MEDAL |
increase in EC cell ec calcium activates calciumsensitive intermediate and small conductance potassium ik and sk channels thereby causing hyperpolarization and EDV EC cells express inward rectifier potassium kir channels but their role in EDV is not clear in the mesenteric arteries only ecs but not smooth muscle cells displayed kir currents that were predominantly mediated by the kir isoform endotheliumdependent vasodilatations in response to muscarinic receptor trpv TRP vanilloid channel and iksk channel agonists were highly att by kir channel inhibitors and by kir channel knockdown these results point to ec kir channels as amplifiers of vasodilatation in response to increases in ec calcium and iksk channel activation and suggest that ec kir channels could be targeted to treat endothelial dysfunction which is a hallmark of vascular disorders | MEDAL |
in vitro ctl responses to multiple minor H-2 ags miha are governed by immunodominance as demonstrated in the cblby b antibalbb strain combination immunodominance was also demonstrated to be operative in graftvshost disease gvhd responses against balbbderived miha following transplantation of b t cells into irradiated recipients of both the balbb and cxb RI strains the hierarchy of in vivo and in vitro t cell responses to miha differed gvhd did not develop in cxbg and cxbk mice which express immunodominant miha for ctl generation whereas disease occurred in the balbb cxbe cxbi and cxbj mouse strains previous results demonstrated that b cd t cells provide helper function for cd TA involved in gvhd responses in the balbb cxbe and cxbi strains cd TA CT were mediators of gvhd in all strains except cxbe this T0 analyzed the tcr vbeta repertoires of cd thoracic duct lymphocytes tdl collected during the initial stages of gvhd in the bbalbb and bcxbe CS combinations positively selected cd tdl from the bbalbb bbalbb combination exhibited marked expansion in the tcr vbeta and vbeta families as well as smaller increases in the vbeta and vbeta families cd tdl from the bcxbe bcxbe combination displayed expansions in only the vbeta and vbeta families these data suggest that b cd t cells can recognize a limited number of immunodominant miha during gvhd induction and that in both balbb and cxbe recipients the tcr vbeta repertoires partially overlap | MEDAL |
despite extensive clinical guidelines innovative efforts to improve care and wellfunded efforts to raise awareness limited progress has been made in reducing the burden of kidney disease in the united states and the prevalence continues to increase worldwide the indian health service and the CDC and prevention recently reported a decrease in the incidence of kidney failure among american indian and alaska native people with diabetes this decrease in endstage renal disease incidence was associated with a population health approach to diabetes care based in the community and the primary clinical setting the effort focused on integrating better care for kidney disease within the context of routine diabetes care although the american indian population and the indian health service may be unfamiliar to many clinicians and health system administrators the demonstration that simple evidencebased interventions implemented in a comprehensive and consistent way can reduce the burden of endstage renal disease suggests that populationbased approaches to chronic disease offer significant potential benefits C1 pragmatic trials may offer the best way to rigorously test this hypothesis | MEDAL |
the a S2 variation in thulfide das a known inhibitor of cype and of cypaa the rabbit orthologue of mouse cypa CR eliminated olfactory toxicity of ap in both the cypa and wildtype mouse OM we found that heterologously expressed mouse cypa and cypg enzymes known to be present in olfactory mucosa form hydroxyacetaminophen ohap and glutathionsylacetaminophen gsap cypa is considerably more AS than g addition of gsh caused increases in gsap proportional to decreases in ohap suggesting that these two metabolites arise from a common F0 or are formed by way of competing pathways we also found that both cypa and cypg are inhibitable by das in vitro these studies provide strong evidence that in addition to cype cypa and g are important in ap bioactivation in the mouse olfactory mucosa and that cypa appears to be of minor importance for ap olfactory toxicity | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined eryag and ndyag laser therapy to that of SRP with hand instruments in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis | MEDAL |
ST remote from the region of acute myocardial infarction was investigated in three CG of patients undergoing LAD angioplasty ten patients had singlevessel disease nine concomitant stenoses in one or more other major coronary arteries and two myocardial infarction T3 occlusion during angioplasty continuous surface electrocardiograms were recorded from leads i ii iii v and v before during and after coronary angioplasty and stsegment changes were measured to mm all ten patients with singlevessel disease had ST in lead v and nine also had changes in lead iii all nine patients with multivessel disease had stsegment changes in lead v eight of them had concomitant changes in lead iii both patients with myocardial infarction had elevation in lead v and depression in lead iii stsegment changes began simultaneously in all leads where they occurred most patients with singlevessel disease who had inferior stsegment depression had a rightdominant coronary circulation therefore the presence of VPI ST during LAD coronary artery occlusion does not indicate the presence or absence of multivessel disease furthermore it is unlikely that this NC always represents ischaemia remote from the site of infarction it is merely an electrical phenomenon | MEDAL |
diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a critical complication frequently encountered in anaesthetic and superature with otherwise identical lipid mixtures lacking dhpc p nmr measurements on magnetically aligned bicellar mixtures of identical composition indicated a progressive migration of dhpc from regions of high curvature into planar regions with increasing temperature and in accord with the mixed bicelle MM triba m n warschawski d e devaux p e biophys j parallel pfg diffusion nmr measurements of transbilayer water diffusion where the observed diffusion is dependent on the fractional surface area of lamellar perforations showed that transbilayer water diffusion decreased with increasing temperature a model is proposed consistent with the sans p nmr and pfg diffusion nmr data wherein increasing temperature drives the progressive migration of dhpc out of highcurvature regions consequently decreasing the fractional volume of lamellar perforations so that water occupying these perforations redistributes into the interlamellar volume thereby increasing the interlamellar spacing | MEDAL |
a methanol adduct of puupehenone alphamethoxypuupehenol an artifact resulting from the action of meoh on puupehenone was isolated during purification of the chcl extract of the new caledonian sclerosis recently the first T0 on the effectiveness of interferon betab in AA progressive multiple sclerosis was published in a multicenter doubleblind randomized placebocontrolled T0 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and an EDSS edss value between and were treated with either miointerferon betab or PL subcutaneously every second day for two to three years the primary T0 endpoint was the time until confirmed progression of the disease as signified by a one point increase of the edss value for initial edss values between and or point increase when the initial edss value was between and T3 two years an interim analysis showed a highly significant difference in delay of PD by nine to twelve months for the treatment group p this means that interferon betab is the first recombinant IFN to be shown effective in the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis | MEDAL |
increasing numbers of patients survive traumatic BB injury tbi and CPA and resuscitation and are admitted to the icu in coma some of these patients become BB dead others regain consciousness still others become vegetative or minimally conscious conditions called chronic disorders of consciousness and ultimately are cared for outside the icu comatose patients lack the wakefulness and awareness that distinguish consciousness from unconsciousness vegetative patients are awake in that they manifest sleepwake cycles but they are unaware of their environment and cannot respond to stimuli minimally conscious patients are awake aware to a limited extent and somewhat responsive the diagnosis of the vegetative and minimally conscious states has been based largely on their behavioral and pathologic features and it has been believed that vegetative patients remain in that condition permanently nevertheless eeg and neuroimaging studies suggest that the traditional diagnostic approach is imprecise moreover clinical investigations have revealed that some vegetative patients can become minimally conscious and that some minimally conscious patients can gain increased awareness few therapies for patients with ACD of consciousness have been subjected to randomized trials furthermore although a small number of patients have improved neurologically with or without treatment their overall prognosis for neurologic REC remains poor | MEDAL |
german private health insurance faces new challenges the classical tools of cost containment are no longer sufficient to keep up with ever increasing expenses for health care and international competitors with managed care experience from their home markets are on the point of entering business in germany although the american example of MC is not fully compatible with customer demands and state regulations some elements of this approach will gradually be introduced first agreements were signed with networks or individual preferred providers in OP care and rehabilitation medicine insurance companies become more and more interested in supporting evidence based guidelines and programmes for disease and case management the pros and cons of various other health management tools are discussed against the specific BG of the quite unique german health care system | MEDAL |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.