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differentiating between primary tumors of the liver and metastatic lesions can at times be difficult various histochemical and immunohistochemical methods have been used in an effort to better delineate between HCC carcinoma hcc especially the microglandular variant primary cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma these ancillary studies can yield less than satisfactory results recently antimoc a monoclonal antibody directed against a cell SU has been shown to be helpful in distinguishing between adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma this T0 addresses whether this antibody might be helpful in distinguishing between hcc primary cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the liver formalinfixed paraffinembedded tissue sections from hcc including microglandular variants primary CC and metastatic adenocarcinomas colon lung breast ge jctgastric pancreas small intestine renal ovary were immunostained with antimoc dako after protease digestion and biotin block using a modified abc technique positive IF was limited to membrane based reactivity controls stained appropriately immunoreactivity for moc was observed in of CC and of metastatic tumors staining was diffuse intense and readily interpretable with rare exceptions all cases of hcc were negative we conclude that cholangiocarcinoma and M1 adenocarcinoma from a variety of CS express moc hcc is uniformly negative for this marker antimoc may prove useful in the evaluation of CL neoplasms where primary hepatocellular and adenocarcinoma enter the differential diagnosis it is not useful in separating primary cholangiocarcinoma from M1 adenocarcinoma | MEDAL |
this T0 investigated the relationship between cortisol secretion and HV in firstepisode psychosis and HCs HV was measured by magnetic resonance imaging mri in firstepisode psychosis patients and in HCs together with diurnal cortisol levels twelve patients received a second mri scan at month followup diurnal cortisol levels were inversely correlated with left hippocampal volume in patients both at baseline and at followup while no rho was found in controls our findings suggest that smaller HV in firstepisode psychosis can partly be explained by stressrelated processes in the BB as measured by cortisol hypersecretion | MEDAL |
headache and facial pain are both very high in the GA population HA has been identified as one of the associated conditions in patients with chronic orofacial pain the interrelation between the two has not been explored in the literature patients with facial pain often initially seek the care of a dentist misdiagnosis and multiple failed treatments including invasive procedures are very common in this population this case report describes four patients whose condition fulfilled the international HA societys criteria for hemicrania continua but whose teeth were extracted because their pain was suspected to be of odontogenic origin each patients records and the literature were reviewed for possible reasons for the unnecessary extractions the findings suggest that initial treatment with drugs specific for primary HA disorders should be instituted before subjecting patients to invasive procedures | MEDAL |
otitis media with effusion ome is known to be a disease that frequently afflicts children recently numerous reports of intractable ome associated with bronchial asthma have been reported generally referred to as eosinophilic otitis media to comprehend the cause and pathogenesis of this disease we conducted an electronmicroscope analysis of the effusion the subjects were male and female patients had AIA and had adultonset asthma the number of collapsed and IN eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the middle ear effusion were counted and their characteristics were reviewed most eosinophils in the ME effusion were collapsed and a high percentage of eosinophils in the nasal discharge were also collapsed the inflammatory cells were phagocytosed by macrophages at a high frequency in cases of OM with effusion but only a low rate of phagocytosis was observed in cases with eosinophilic otitis media it is known that necrotic cells are phagocytosed with difficulty while apoptotic cells are phagocytosed easily by macrophages therefore collapsed eosinophils persist for a long time in ME effusion and the released granule proteins from the eosinophils cause the tissue failure threfore we believe that treatment directed at causing apoptosis of eosinophils can prevent exacerbation of the intractable inflammation in this condition | MEDAL |
the present work evaluated the effects of alcoholic extracts of salvia salvia officinalis thyme thymus vulgaris and pure compounds thymol and menthol on the viability of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro four different concentrations of each extract and µgml and different concentrations each of thymol and menthol and µgml were used concentration of µgml of both extracts showed a significant protoscolicidal activity on the th day CR loss of viability of protoscolices occurred with µgml concentration of both extracts at day and day posttreatment pt respectively pure compounds ie menthol and thymol showed potent effects with µgml concentration at day and day pt respectively these effects were compared with those of albendazole sulfoxide µgml a commonly used treatment drug for hydatidosis krebsringer solution and the hydatid cystic fluid at a ratio of was a good preservative solution which kept the protoscolices viable for days | MEDAL |
the treatment of multiple myeloma is multidisciplinary and requires attention not only to the primary disease itself but to its AA manifestations MEL remains the single most effective oral chemotherapeutic drug used to treat multiple myeloma a L1 problem with the p.o. of the drug is its VL BA the presence of an lphenylalanine moiety in the structure of melphalan makes it likely that gastrointestinal absorption occurs through the normal amino acid transport mechanisms and that the presence of food influences the drugs uptake another factor that complicates the BA of this agent is the fact that MEL undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis at physiologic ph one of the controversies in myeloma therapy is the continuing debate over the possible superiority of complex multiagent chemotherapy regimens compared with single melphalan and prednisone or cyclophosphamide and prednisone it does appear that response frequencies are considerably greater with combination chemotherapy than with standard oral MP treatment it is probable that both approachessingleagent chemotherapy with MEL and prednisone versus combination chemotherapycan play a role in remission induction therapy it may be AGA to treat the patient with a low RT burden with MEL and prednisone and treat more aggressive myeloma patients with triple alkylator therapy or other combinations of chemotherapy agents the most promising activity of interferon alfab rifn alpha b in induction of myeloma remission appears to occur when rifn alpha b is combined with multiple alkylating agents analysis of clinical trials suggests that sequential use of rifn alpha b with cytotoxic therapy may be more active than when ifn alpha b is given concomitantly with cytotoxic therapy it may be most plausible to use rifn alpha b in maintenance of remission of myeloma in the laboratory interferons have the capacity to modulate oncogene expression and to decrease both in vitro colony formation and the LI of myeloma cells further it has been shown that interferon can reduce the capacity for selfrenewal in myelomaforming cells the following concepts will be discussed there is promising evidence that rifn alpha b may improve the frequency and quality of remission in multiple myeloma when administered in an AC schedule there is some evidence that rifn alpha b when combined with cytotoxic therapy and given concomitantly may be less activeabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
we propose an ultrawideband polarizationconversion metasurface with polarization selective and incidentangle insensitive characteristics using anchorshaped units through multiple resonances the broadband characteristic is optimized by the genetic optimization algorithm from which the anchorshaped unit cell generates five resonances resulting in expansion of the operating frequency range owing to the structural feature of the proposed metasurface only x and ypolarized incident waves can reach highefficiency polarization conversions realizing the polarizationselective property the proposed metasurface is also insensitive to the angle of incident waves which indicates a promising future in modern communication systems we fabricate and measure the proposed metasurface and both the simulated and measured results show ultrawide bandwidth for the x and ypolarized incident waves | MEDAL |
in the present study we investigated the effect of hemodialysis hd with highperformance MF hpmhd using acetatefree bicarbonate dialysis afd fluid on bioincompatibility as represented by inflammatory markers in patients undergoing maintenance hd therapy and compared it with conventional acetatecontaining bicarbonate dialysis acd fluid a total of maintenance hd patients were registered for T0 during the month T0 period males and females aged ± years mean duration of dialysis ± years chronic glomerular nephritis in patients diabetic nephropathy in patients and nephrosclerosis in patients these patients were subjected to acd for the first months followed by afd fluid for the latter months predialysis blood ph and bicarbonate were examined T3 each of the first and latter month period blood variables of creactive protein crp and interleukin il or fetuina were also determined the filters membrane SA raw material the conditions of hd blood flow rate dialysate flow rate dialysis time dry weight and drug regimen including erythrocytesimulating agent drug type dosage were unchanged throughout the study there appeared to be significantly higher C2 of predialysis blood ph and bicarbonate in the afd phase than in the acd phase blood crp and il C2 were significantly decreased in the afd group as compared with those seen in the acd group from these results it can be suggested that hpmhd using afd fluid contributes to correcting metabolic acidosis and alleviating microinflammation in hd patients | MEDAL |
familial alzheimers disease provides the opportunity to investigate BB changes even before the symptoms ON we performed a structural magnetic resonance imaging mri study in participants from families with presenilin gene mutations symptomatic mutation carriers asymptomatic mutation carriers amc with a mean of years before the estimated appearance of PS and noncarriers a subset of subjects was studied longitudinally and years after the first scan we found decreased CT cth and volume in cortical and subcortical structures in symptomatic mutation carriers with progressive loss over time in amc we found increased cth and volume in temporoparietal regions and in precuneusposterior cingulate compared with controls at baseline longitudinal studies in amc by contrast showed accelerated rates of cth loss in precuneusposterior cingulate and superior parietal RL temporal and left orbitofrontal and middle FC regions these findings suggest that BB structure in presenilin mutation carriers follows nonlinear trajectories with regional increases during the very early presymptomatic period initial neuroinflammation andor accumulation of amyloid species followed by neurodegeneration or congenital morphometric differences may explain the observed features | MEDAL |
CAB is a potent dopaminergic agent that interacts with agonists and antagonists of dopamine receptors in vitro we studied the IB of hnnpropylnorapomorphine hnpa to dopamine receptors after iv and p.o. of cabergoline to determine whether cabergoline crosses the bloodbrain barrier bromocriptine was used as a reference drug cabergoline andor its AS metabolites did cross the bloodbrain barrier and reach dopamine receptors comparative timecourse analysis of the regional inhibition of hnpa binding showed that cabergoline was more potent than bromocriptine in inhibiting hnpa binding and that it occupied the receptor for longer these effects were observed in all areas of the rat brain studied striatum olfactory tubercles adeno and neurohypophysis TH and hypothalamus further studies in the striatum and adenohypophysis showed that CAB receptor occupancy was dosedependent and still detectable h after iv administration of the drug while cabergoline was more potent in the striatum than in the adenohypophysis when administered iv the reverse was observed T3 its p.o. cabergoline was equally potent in the adenohypophysis after oral and iv administration as determined and h later | MEDAL |
pituitary apoplexy is a syndrome which has been described in humans caused by acute haemorrhage or infarction within a PIT tumour or a nontumorous PIT gland this report describes the authors observations of a dog in which vomiting visual disturbances seizures altered consciousness and diencephalic dysfunction occurred in association with haemorrhage originating from a PIT macroadenoma the clinical signs were thought to be consistent with disruption of the hypothalamus and BS together with raised intracranial pressure due to intraventricular haemorrhage these signs and the pathological findings bear a striking resemblance to those associated with the syndrome of pituitary apoplexy seen in humans | MEDAL |
c receptor is a protein involved in the regulation of c and cconvertases recombinant human soluble c receptor has recently been produced and shown to reduce infarct size in a rat MM of myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury the present T0 aimed to investigate whether recombinant human soluble c receptor exerts any protective effect on pulmonary injury produced in a rodent model of ARDS in this MM escherichia coli endotoxin lps microgramkg combined with plateletactivating factor pmolkgmin over min n caused microvascular lung injury characterized by elevation of myeloperoxidase activity deposition of c and cb on the EC of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary edema furthermore BAL lavage revealed increased PMNL count and elevated protein concentration these pulmonary responses were associated with elevated serum tnfalpha i.c.v. min iv with recombinant human soluble c receptor at mgkg n but not at mgkg prevented the lpsplateletactivating factorinduced pulmonary edema p less than and changes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid RCC p less than and protein concentration p less than and attenuated the deposition of c and cb to lung vessels there was no effect on lung MPO and SS TNF also c depletion by cobra venom factor ukg iv eliminated the pulmonary edema and elevated leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but had no effect on lung myeloperoxidase activity and SS TNF these data suggest that c factors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ARDS | MEDAL |
a patient with ocular motility findings consistent with a RA superior oblique palsy was found to have binocular OT and a head tilt that led to the diagnosis of an ocular tilt reaction magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a RA pontine lesion presumably involving the descending tract from the interstitial nucleus of cajal to the CL vestibular nucleus this lesion is located more inferiorly than one would expect in a SOP physicians should be aware that patients with a vertical deviation and a head tilt might have an OTR as opposed to a SO palsy | MEDAL |
object the authors goal in this paper is to provide the first clinical radiological and genetic studies of panventriculomegaly pavm defined by a wide foramen of magendie and large cisterna magna methods clinical and BB imaging data from pavm patients including patients from families were retrospectively studied five children were included in adult patients the AAO was ± years tetraventricular dilation aqueductal opening with flow void on tweighted images and a wide foramen of magendie and C1 cisterna magna wide CSF fluid space at the fourth IVT outlet were essential mri findings for pavm diagnosis d fast asymmetrical SE sequences were used for visualization of cistern CM timespatial labeling inversion pulse examination was performed to analyze CSF fluid movement copy number variations were determined using highresolution microarray and were validated by QPCR with breakpoint sequencing results AD patients showed gait disturbance urinary dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction five infant patients exhibited macrocranium patients were divided into subcategories those with or without downward bulging third ventricular floors and membranous structures in the prepontine cistern patients with bulging floors were successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy genetic analysis revealed a deletion in dnah that encodes a DHC protein associated with motile cilia CF and which cosegregated with patients in a family without a downward bulging third ventricular floor conclusions panventriculomegaly with a wide foramen of magendie and a C1 cisterna magna may belong to a AT1 of congenital hydrocephalus with familial accumulation younger AAO and symptoms of NPH in addition a family with pavm has a gene mutation associated with dysfunction of motile cilia | MEDAL |
anatomic variations of the right biliary system are one of the most common risk AF for sectoral bile duct injury bdi during cholecystectomy isolated RA posterior bdi may in particular be a challenge for both diagnosis and management herein we describe two cases of isolated RA posterior sectoral bdi that took place during laparoscopic cholecystectomy despite effective external PBD from the CL hilum in both cases there was a persistent biliary leak observed which was not visible on endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram careful evaluation of images from both endoscopic and magnetic resonance cholangiograms revealed the diagnosis of an isolated right posterior sectoral bdi these were treated with a delayed bisegmental segments and LR and a rouxeny hepaticojejunostomy respectively with good outcomes at and mo of followup this paper discusses strategies for prevention of such injuries along with the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges it offers | MEDAL |
this article reviews the evidence for several common interventional techniques for the treatment of CP including intraspinal delivery of analgesics reversible blockade with local anesthetics augmentation with spinal cord stimulation and ablation with radiofrequency SE or neurolytic agents the role of these techniques is defined within the framework of a multidisciplinary RPA to the neurobehavioral syndrome of CP challenges to the T0 of the analgesic tau of procedural interventions are explored as are the practical issues raised by their clinical implementation with the aim of helping nonspecialist physicians identify the patients most likely to benefit from these approaches | MEDAL |
an experimentally validated simple standardized method for making precise measurements of the spinal canal directly from the video display of a ct scanner is described using this method normal values for anteroposterior diameter interpediculate distance and crosssectional area of the lumbar spinal canal have been determined in a series of adults a careful T0 of canal configuration combined with the prudent use of the normal values should allow the ct diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis to be made with a high level of confidence | MEDAL |
the prevalence of chronic daily headache in association with regular use of analgesics is about whether regular use of analgesics has a causal or consequential relationship to daily headache has not been established a causal relationship has been suggested consequent to the observation of improvement or resolution of HA following analgesic withdrawal in patients attending headache clinics but this observation has not been validated by controlled trials | MEDAL |
a dynamic non lineal model has been elaborated to T0 the AF involved in fluid movement through capillary CM in dog the colloidosmotic pressure has been determined after quick administration of Al and other physiological solutions a close correlation has been found between exp results and the modifications obtained in the simulation MM | MEDAL |
patients considered suitable for total hip resurfacing arthroplasty often have bilateral disease the perioperative complications transfusion requirements hospital stay outcome and costs in patients undergoing onestage BL total hip resurfacing were compared with a group of patients undergoing a twostage procedure a total of patients were included in the T0 of which had a onestage and had a twostage resurfacing there were no significant differences in age gender or american society of anaesthesiologists grade between the groups p p p respectively there were three SVR complications in the onestage group and one in the twostage group of patients of procedures there was no significant difference in the complication rate p or the transfusion requirements p between the two CG the onestage group had a reduced total hospital stay of five days confidence interval to p reduced length of time to completion of all surgery of five months confidence interval to p and the reduced cost was less than that of a twostage procedure however the total anaesthetic time was significantly longer for the onestage group p confidence interval to this T0 demonstrates that consideration should be given to onestage surgery for patients with BL symptomatic disease suitable for metalonmetal hip resurfacing a onestage procedure appears to have benefits for both the patient and the hospital without additional complications | MEDAL |
evidence suggests that unmyelinated c fibers become predominant in the mediation of the detrusor reflex in patients with chronic spinal cord lesions and possibly in idiopathic detrusor hyperactivity intravesical vanilloid therapy might be effective in treating refractory detrusor overactivity due to nonspinal cord lesion this T0 investigated the clinical effect of intravesical resiniferatoxin in treating DO of nonspinal cord lesions refractory to anticholinergics | MEDAL |
to analyse the evolution of resistance patterns in patients undergoing treatment interruption ti and reinitiating highly active ARV therapy haart | MEDAL |
in the mammalian hippocampus there is a trisynaptic loop that has been often referred to in studies on learning and SM mechanisms and their physiological correlate the LT potentiation ltp the three sets of synapses are formed by the SF of perforant pathway terminating on granule cells and by the MFs and schaeffer collaterals making connections with the pyramidal cells each of the three types of synapses can develop ltp ltp is accompanied by changes in gene expression and it is the nuclear transcription involving specific transcription factors that is the starting point for the series of biological amplifications and consolidations both necessary for such sustained changes the transcription factors are proteins that control mRNA development and functional formation in every eukaryotic cell two categories of transcription AF have been defined to date general AF that comprise at least proteins to form multiple preinitiation complex at the tata box tata rich CS or RII factors that bind to promoter or enhancer regions at TPS sites on the dna close to or distant from the tata box transcription AF have been divided into five different major classes according to unique protein motifs these include basic domain zincfinger HTH betascaffold factors with minor groove contacts and other transcription AF not specifically classified much evidence has been accumulating in favor of the participation of several transcription factors in the consolidation of SM in the rat hippocampus following a spatial memory task it is therefore of great importance that the involvement of transcription AF in de novo protein synthesis relevant to the synaptic mechanisms that mediate the formation of LTM should be summarized and discussed no specific rho between transduction of extracellular signals and expression of nuclear transcription factors however has been demonstrated to date | MEDAL |
the efficacy of a recently developed morantelsustainedreleasetrilaminatebolus paratect flex bolus pfbpfizer inc against gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle was assessed by monitoring faecal epg epg herbage larval counts serum pepsinogen C2 and liveweight gains in first season calves in two field trials and a pfbbolus was administered to two different CG of animals calves calves at turnout may may control CG were included in calves received for comparison an oxfendazolereleasebolus systamex intervall bolus oxfcoopers inc all groups were grazed on adjacent but separately fenced pastures throughout the season until housing october october when compared with controls the pfbgroups showed significantly lower epg values and consequently lower herbage larval counts throughout the season in both trials from day T3 turnout the pfbgroup had significantly lower PG levels which reflects the low degree of abomasal damage in these animals when compared to controls the pfbtreated animals showed significantly higher weight performances the mean weightgain benefit of pfbtreated animals was kg p less than and kg p less than in and resp no difference occurred between pfbtreated and oxftreated calves the latter outperformed the control animals by kg p less than | MEDAL |
the molybdenum cofactor moco is synthesized by an ancient and conserved biosynthetic pathway in plants the twodomain protein cnx catalyzes the IS of mo into molybdopterin mpt a metalfree phosphorylated pyranopterin carrying an enedithiolate recently we identified a novel biosynthetic intermediate adenylated MPT mptamp which is synthesized by the cterminal g domain of cnx here we show that mptamp and molybdate bind in an equimolar and cooperative way to the other NT e domain cnxe tungstate and sulfate compete for molybdate which demonstrates the presence of an anionbinding site for molybdate cnxe catalyzes the znmgdependent hydrolysis of mptamp but only when molybdate is bound as cosubstrate mptamp hydrolysis resulted in stoichiometric release of moco that was quantitatively incorporated into plant aposulfite oxidase upon moco formation amp is PR as second product of the reaction when comparing mptamp hydrolysis with the formation of moco and amp a fold difference in reaction rates were observed together with the strict dependence of the reaction on molybdate the formation of adenylated molybdate as reaction intermediate in the nucleotideassisted metal transfer reaction to molybdopterin is proposed | MEDAL |
an intraoperative T0 was done to establish the functional and quantitative properties of the blood supply to the tram flap through the assessment and manipulation of blood flow through the deep epigastric arterial system seventeen patients undergoing unilateral postmastectomy breast reconstruction with lower transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous tram flaps were studied the study is divided into two parts ultrasonic measurement of blood flow in the deep IEA diea and direct measurement of blood pressure in the deep epigastric arterial system after division of the deep VPI epigastric i.a. with occlusion of the superior epigastric i.a. at the level of the upper edge of the skin flap percent of the patients had a decrease in the blood flow through the deep VPI epigastric artery with an average decrease of percent this implies that the area of watershed perfusion in the lower tram flap is superior to the umbilicus and therefore survival of all lower tram flap tissues requires reversal in the normal direction of arterial flow to the flap the blood pressure in the PT stump of the deep inferior epigastric arterial system averaged percent of the MSBP occlusion of the medial and lateral thirds of the isolated rectus muscle decreased the mean arterial blood pressure in the flap an average of percent in percent of the individuals studied these data support the technique of harvesting the entire rectus muscle avoiding musclesplitting maneuvers that may compromise axial blood flow | MEDAL |
two strains of white leghorn hens were subjected to seven copper treatments that included a negative control for the first week of each of five day periods the hens were approximately days of age when the experiment began copper treatments were assigned to simulate the different C2 of copper NI that might result from differences in daily feed NI similar to the practice followed with commercial industry in order to simulate daily dietary NI ranging from a low of to a high of g per bird C2 of and mg of copper sulfate per kilogram were added to each of the basal diets treatments were po across two methionine C2 in a cornsoy basal diet henday egg production egg weight DFI and feed efficiency values were not affected by dietary C2 of copper or methionine hens fed diets containing low Met laid eggs with significantly poorer specific gravity | MEDAL |
according to the literature accommodative ET has an unpredictable course when nonsurgical treatment is considered especially in cases with a high accommodative convergenceaccommodation ratio aca the aim of this T0 was to compare the results of augmented recession slanted recession and recession with posterior fixation suture of the medial rectus muscles in the treatment of high aca esotropia | MEDAL |
cases of human malignant melanoma were studied and classified into SF speading ssm nodular melanomas nm and melanoma metastasis met the tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and cetylpyridium chloride cpc glycosaminoglycans gag or proteoglycans respectively were characterized by alcian blue staining following the method of critical electrolyte concentration cec scott dorling and by testes hyaluronidase the IF intensities were quantified by a leitz mpv photometer TSM in BMs bm and tumor septa RT septa which may be looked on as correlates of epithelial bm mgulation T3 daily sc i.v. of micrograms bmax rose to fmolmg protein p less than it was already obtained h T3 x micrograms h the changes in receptordensity were not related to changes in affinity we conclude that motilin receptors can be regulated by emlb and octreotide presumably because one compound mimicks hypermotilinemia the other one induces hypomotilinemia | MEDAL |
despite the rapidly falling prevalence of leprosy the disability and handicap resulting from loss of protective sensation due to irreversible nerve damage will remain a huge medical problem for many years to elucidate the location and consequences of permanent nerve damage in treated leprosy a prospective T0 involving nine patients who underwent leg amputation was conducted FL nerves dissected from amputated legs were studied with histological and immunohistochemical methods our main findings were that in both lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy nerve damage increased distally culminating in total destruction of dermal nerves and sensory nerve endings T3 the therapyrelated decrease of inflammation largescale nerve regeneration took place and that regenerating axons persisted for decades and in TT they might reach the subcutaneous fat of the plantar skin we conclude that nerve regeneration was blocked by fibrous replacement of the distalmost SN and nerve endings and that the theoretical basis of nerve grafting in leprosy is in need of further clarification in some patients autologous transplantation of skin flaps probably irrespective of the duration of loss of sensation might help in regaining protective sensation | MEDAL |
transient transfection experiments in which three different estrogen response elementcontaining reporter genes were cotransfected into hela cells together with constitutively expressed estrogen receptor er constructs demonstrate that activation of the transcription of the reporter genes by epidermal growth factor egf and by cholera toxin with isobutylmethylxanthine which elevate cellular camp is dependent upon the presence of functional er cotransfection of the reporter genes with truncated versions of the er shows that the two nonligand activators of er require different regions of the receptor to produce their effects on transcription egf acts primarily by means of transactivation domain af whereas camp acts via transactivation domain af of the er a point mutation that removes a L1 site of inducible phosphorylation within the af domain of the er abolishes the response to egf but the response to estradiol and camp is retained TPS inhibition of campactivated protein kinase protein kinase a prevents the response to elevated camp but does not affect egf or estradiol responses overexpression of the protein kinase a catalytic S1 in hela cells results in an amplified response to estradiol similar to that induced by cholera toxin with isobutylmethylxanthine comparable experiments performed using cos cells produce similar results but also reveal cell type and promoterspecific aspects of the activation mechanisms apparently the er may be G1 by three different signal molecules estradiol egf and camp each using a mechanism that is distinguishable from that of the others | MEDAL |
HCC carcinoma hcc is a highly heterogeneous disease and prior attempts to develop genomicbased classification for hcc have yielded highly divergent results indicating difficulty in identifying unified molecular anatomy we performed a metaanalysis of mRNA profiles in data sets from eight independent patient cohorts across the world in addition aiming to establish the real world applicability of a classification system we profiled formalinfixed paraffinembedded tissues from an additional patient cohort a total of patients were analyzed representing the L1 etiologies of hcc SH b and c collected from western and eastern countries we observed three robust hcc subclasses termed s s and s each correlated with clinical parameters such as tumor size extent of cellular differentiation and serum alphafetoprotein levels an analysis of the components of the signatures indicated that s reflected aberrant activation of the wnt signaling pathway s was characterized by proliferation as well as myc and akt activation and s was associated with hepatocyte differentiation PET studies indicated that the wnt pathway activation signature characteristic of s tumors was not simply the result of betacatenin mutation but rather was the result of transforming growth factorbeta activation thus representing a new mechanism of wnt pathway activation in hcc these experiments establish the first consensus classification FR for hcc based on mRNA profiles and highlight the power of integrating multiple data sets to define a robust molecular taxonomy of the disease | MEDAL |
it has been clearly established that maximal force varies during the day in human muscles but the exact mechanisms behind the diurnal rhythms are still not fully clarified therefore the aim of this T0 was to examine the diurnal rhythms in MIF production in a large group of participants and also by separating the high morning performance types n and the high evening performance types n from the neutral types n based on their actual MIF levels measurements were performed in the morning h ± min and in the evening h ± min for maximal BL isometric LP force mvclp together with myoelectric activity emglp maximal unilateral ISO KE force mvcke and maximal voluntary activation level va during maximal unilateral ISO knee extension force mvcva together with ME activity emgva in addition A-V blood samples were drawn four times a day and ST and cortisol concentrations were analyzed none of the participants belonged to the extreme morning or evening chronotype according to the munich chronotype questionnaire in the total group of participants mvclp and mvcke were ± p and ± p higher in the evening compared to the morning mvcva and va did not show significant diurnal variation the high morning performance types showed lower force values in the evening compared to the morning for mvclp ± p and mvcke ± p no significant diurnal variation was observed for mvcva and va the high evening performance types showed higher force values in the evening for mvclp ± p mvcke ± p and mvcva ± p with a concomitant higher va in the evening p the neutral types showed significantly higher evening force values for the mvclp ± p all the other neuromuscular variables did not show significant diurnal variations emglp and emgva did not show significant diurnal fluctuations in any group serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations showed normal daily rhythms with higher values observed in the morning in all of the CG p betweengroup differences were observed for mvclp p and mvcke p between all of the three CG diurnal changes in va differed between the high evening performance types and the neutral types p and the testosteronecortisol ratio p as well as vastus lateralis emgva p differed between the high morning and high evening performance types in conclusion we were able to identify the high morning performance types the high evening performance types and the neutral types who showed significantly different diurnal rhythms in force production irrespective of their actual chronotype therefore the questionnaires designed to determine the chronotype may not always be CS enough to determine the morningness or eveningness in maximal neuromuscular performance in GA CE factors could partially explain the diurnal fluctuations in maximal strength performance but IP mechanisms were also possibly involved | MEDAL |
the larynx is the major organ of vocalization the intrinsic laryngeal muscles modify the internal shape of the larynx while the extrinsic laryngeal muscles move the entire larynx vertically in the airway previous neuroimaging research has established the somatotopic location of the intrinsic musculature of the larynx in the human motor SC and showed it to be in an evolutionarily novel location compared to the homologous region in monkey SC in the current study we attempted for the first time to determine the somatotopic localization of the extrinsic laryngeal musculature in humans in a fMRI experiment we had participants voluntarily move their larynx upward andor downward in the airway in the absence of vocalization to engage the extrinsic laryngeal muscles or vocalize in the absence of vertical laryngeal movement to engage the intrinsic laryngeal muscles vertical movement of the larynx G1 VP pericentral sensorimotor cortex extending dorsally to overlap with the representation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles this DP is a reversal from the somatotopy of the monkey where the extrinsic laryngeal muscles are represented dorsally to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles | MEDAL |
the nmethylnnitrosourea nmu model of hormoneresponsive rat mammary carcinogenesis was used to address the hypothesis that melatonin mel the principle hormone of the pineal gland inhibits tumorigenesis by acting as an antipromoting rather than an antiinitiating agent daily lateafternoon i.v. of mel microgramsday restricted to the initiation phase of nmu mammary tumorigenesis were ineffective in altering tumor growth over a week period when mel treatment was delayed for weeks T3 nmu and then continued through the remainder of the promotion phase only RT number was significantly lower than in controls however when mel i.v. encompassed the entire promotion phase both tumor incidence and number were significantly lower than in the controls although elimination of the endogenous mel signal via pinealectomy promoted RT growth the effect was not statistically significant serum C2 of estradiol and tumor estrogen receptor content were unaltered by either mel or pinealectomy while mel treatment failed to affect circulating PRL PX caused a twofold increase in serum prolactin the estradiolstimulated recrudescence of PT following ovariectomy was completely blocked by either or micrograms melday or tamoxifen microgramsday thus mel appears to be an antipromoting hormone that may antagonize the tumorpromoting actions of estradiol in this MM of mammary tumorigenesis | MEDAL |
cyclosporin HIVE is a wellknown entity which is clinically characterized by altered mental status vision problems focal neurological deficits and seizures the exact pathophysiology of the cyclosporin encephalopathy has not yet been defined we report the diffusionweighted mr imaging and proton mr spectroscopy findings in a case of cyclosporin encephalopathy the whitematter lesions with reversible restricted diffusion supported the hypothesis of reversible vaso mb neurons induced dominant phenotypes while expression of a single isoform in a single cell did not we propose that different extracellular domains of dscam share a common function and that differences in isoforms expressed on the surface of neighboring axons influence interactions between them | MEDAL |
exp data showed that multimeric complementary rna crna probes labelled with nonradioactive DIG dig improved sensitivity of detection of the potato spindle tuber viroid pstvd rna by to fold as compared with corresponding multimeric cdna probes the degree of pstvd detectability improvement depended upon the type of ALP phosphatase substrate colorimetric vs chemiluminescent used use of hexameric diglabelled crna probes in combination with CL lumiphos substrate resulted in detection of pg of pstvd rna the size of the synthesized crna probes corresponded to the size of the respective pstvd cdna templates interestingly there was no relationship between the size of the synthesized diglabelled dna probes and that of the pstvd cdna template this type of anomaly was not observed with other plant viral cdna templates monomeric or multimeric cdna probes detected both a mild and a severe pstvd CS in viroidinfected potato leaf extracts diluted to times in comparison crna probes exhibited a much greater dilution end point pstvd rna was detectable in viroidinfected potato leaf tissue diluted up to times comparable levels of pstvd sensitivity of PCD were obtained with viroidinfected potato tuber tissue | MEDAL |
gemcitabine is a novel pyrimidine nucleoside whose activity has been demonstrated on ST we report here the results of a multicentre phase ii trial of gemcitabine in chemonaive patients with inoperable non small cell LC nsclc gemcitabine was given weekly at a dose of mgm po as a min intravenous infusion for weeks followed by week of rest cycle all the patients included were evaluable for toxicity and of them were evaluable for tau the majority of patients had a stage iiib or stage iv disease and of patients had a who performance status ps and respectively adenocarcinoma accounted for of cases and squamous cell carcinoma for of cases three complete responses and partial responses gave an objective response or rate of confidence interval all responses were validated by an independent oncology review board median duration of response was months median TTP was months months in non responders and months in NR median survival was months in non NR and months in NR p which gave an overall median survival of months ci months in the entire study population an improvement of symptoms and personal state was also observed treatment was well tolerated neutropenia was the only dose limiting toxicity who grade or neutropenia occurred in and of patients respectively with a or rate this multicentre study confirms the activity of gemcitabine as a single agent in patients with inoperable nsclc its good tolerance and original mode of action make gemcitabine a drug of choice in the therapeutic strategy of these PT | MEDAL |
a number of centrally acting hypotensive agents and other ligands with high affinity for hydroxytryptaminea hta recognition sites have been tested on forskolinstimulated adenylate cyclase activity in calf hippocampus a PET model for htareceptors concentrationdependent inhibition of forskolinstimulated adenylate cyclase activity was elicited by the reference htreceptor agonists mean ec value nm ht carboxamidotryptamine ct hydroxydinpropylaminotetralin ohdpat nndipropylcarboxamidotryptamine dpct aminophenylethyltrifluoromethylphenylpiperazine papp or ly methoxytetrahydropyridinylh indole ru buspirone and ipsapirone emax amounted to inhibition for all but the latter two agonists the following hypotensive agents with high affinity for hta sites were potent agonists in this system mean ec value nm flesinoxan indorenate erythrobenzodioxanylhydroxyethylpiperidyl benzimidazolinone r urapidil and methylurapidil the first two agents were full agonists whereas the latter three acted as partial agonists with tau metergoline and methysergide behaved as full agonists and cyanopindolol as a partial agonist with low efficacy spiroxatrine and dimethoxyphenoxyethylaminomethyl benzodioxane wb which bind to hta CS with nanomolar affinity were agonists and inhibited potently forskolinstimulated adenylate cyclase in calf hippocampus showing mean ec values of and nm respectively spiroxatrine and wb yielded and efficacy respectively spiperone and methiothepin each microm caused rightward shifts of the concentrationeffect curve to ohdpat without loss of the Emax as did the partial agonist cyanopindolol microm and the and enantiomers of pindolol microm and mm respectively there was an excellent correlation r p between the pec values ranging from to of the agonists tested at adenylate cyclase and their pkd for hta recognition sites apparent pkb values of antagonists at adenylate cyclase and their pkd values for hta binding CS were also significantly correlated this T0 further indicates that the hta recognition site and the ht receptor mediating inhibition of adenylate cyclase in hippocampus are the same the data show that a number of centrally acting hypotensive agents with high affinity for the hta site are potent agonists in this model suggesting an involvement of CE htiareceptors in the control of blood pressure | MEDAL |
osteofibrous dysplasia ofd and adamantinoma are rare and most commonly arise in the tibia of young individuals although ofd has typical histopathologic features Az resembling ofd have often been noted at the periphery of otherwise classic adamantinomas and some have suggested that ofd may be either a precursor to or a regressive phase of adamantinoma the socalled ofdlike adamantinoma encompasses some features of both ofd and adamantinoma we studied the clinical imaging histopathologic immunohistochemical ultrastructural and molecular features of ofd and adamantinomas ofdlike and classic in an attempt to further define their morphology clinical course and relationship patients with ofd were generally younger than those with adamantinoma osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity was more prominent in ofd than in ofdlike adamantinoma in addition to the inconspicuous small clusters of epithelial cells in ofdlike adamantinoma isolated keratinpositive cells with a unique ultrastructural hybrid fibroblasticepithelial phenotype were found in the stroma of all ofd and ofdlike adamantinomas fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis re evolving and increasingly common endovascular treatment for carotid artery stenosis risk factors associated with an increased incidence of adverse periprocedural neurologic outcomes are being recognized the goal of this study was to determine if certain angiographic lesion characteristics were predictive of higher risks of adverse outcomes | MEDAL |
we have further investigated the nature of iggcontaining complexes of kd that rapidly appear in the circulation of mice of various strains T3 infection with LDV ldv and are recognized and quantitated by their IB in the presence of tween to certain ELISA CA elisa plates with high protein affinity that have not been coated with SPA these IB complexes have been found to contain primarily igga or in some mice iggb their isotype specificity and time course of formation correlated with those of the polyclonal production of immunoglobulins in these mice as measured by increases in total igga or iggb in the circulation in contrast antildv antibodies exhibited much broader isotype specificities in all mouse strains investigated depletion of balbc mice of cdt cells or lack of TA in nude swiss mice only partly reduced the polyclonal activation of B1 and the formation of elisa platebinding complexes whereas antildv antibody formation was completely blocked only a small proportion of the total igga or iggb formed as a result of the ldvinduced polyclonal activation of B1 was recovered in platebinding complexes which sedimented in SU density gradients between and kd diverse monoclonal antibodies of different igg isotopes did not bind to the plates at concentrations at which ldvinduced immune complexes exhibited binding activity we suggest that the ldvinduced immune complexes do not contain antildv antibodies but are complexes of autoantibodies and selfantigens however additional features must be responsible for the high affinity of these complexes for elisa plates since various immune complexes formed in vitro failed to bind to the plates and IB activity of the immune complexes formed in ldvinfected mice could not be regenerated in vitro once the complexes had been dissociated by a low ph treatment | MEDAL |
six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cationanion difference dcad in concentrate diets on urinary ph feedlot performance and n mass balance in exp wether lambs ± kg in five à latin squares were fed a basal diet of dryrolled corn drc alfalfa hay molasses and supplement with different proportions of anionic and cationic salts the dcad was and meq per g of dm with the control basal diet dcad included in each square urinary ph increased cubic p as dcad increased and dmi increased linearly p with increasing dcad in exp and holstein steers ± kg were used in consecutive à latin squares steers were fed either the same BD as exp or a BD with wet distillers grains wdgs replacing drc in exp dcad was adjusted to and meq per g of dm from the BD dcad and dcad was adjusted in exp to and meq per g of dm from the basal wdgs diet dcad urinary ph decreased linearly as dcad decreased p in both experiments whereas dmi decreased linearly in exp p but not exp p in exp crossbred steers ± kg were used in a period crossover design steers were fed the same BD as exp with dcad of neg and pos meq per g of dm urinary ph and dmi p were less for cattle fed the neg diet compared with pos in experiments steers n each were fed neg or pos as calves ± kg of bw for d from november to may exp or as yearlings ± kg of bw for d from june to october exp final bw dmi adg and hcw were not different p among treatments in either experiment efficiency of bw gain was increased p for steers fed neg compared with pos in exp but was not different p in exp amount of n NI PR excretion and manure n kgsteer were not different p among treatments in either experiment manure ph soil feces and urine was decreased p in pens fed neg compared with pos in both experiments amount of n lost kgsteer was not different p in exp but tended p to be greater for pos compared with neg in exp urinary ph was decreased by reducing dcad but this had minimal effect on n losses in open feedlot pens in these experiments | MEDAL |
practice effects are improvements on cognitive tests as a result of repeated exposure to testing material however R2 exists in the literature about whether patients with amnestic MCI mci display practice effects which may be partially due to the methods used to calculate these changes on repeated tests the purpose of the current T0 was to examine multiple methods of assessing ST practice effects in older adults with mci the cognitive battery which included tests of SM hopkins verbal learning testrevised and brief visuospatial memory testrevised and processing speed symbol digit modalities test and trail making test parts a and b was po twice across one week dependent t tests showed statistically significant improvement on SM scores ps ds but not on processing speed scores despite this the sample showed no clinically meaningful improvement on any cognitive scores using three different reliable change indices regressionbased change scores did identify relatively large groups of participants who showed smaller than expected practice effects which may indicate that this method is more CS in identifying individuals who may portend a declining trajectory practice effects remain a complex construct worthy of continued investigation in diverse clinical conditions | MEDAL |
studies have shown that the acute administration of venlafaxine elicits an antidepressantlike effect in the mouse forced swim test fst by a mechanism dependent on the largininenitric oxide nocyclic guanosine monophosphate cgmp pathway because it has been reported that no activates different types of potassium k channels in the BB this T0 investigated the involvement of k channels in the antidepressantlike effect of venlafaxine in the mouse fst | MEDAL |
the cellular localization of two neurohormones of the locust pars intercerebraliscorpora cardiaca system the ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin was investigated using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry postembedding immunogold labelling the ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin containing cells were first identified in semithin sections treated by combined histochemical and IS the neuroparsin cells were paraldehyde fuchsin positive atype cells and the ovary maturing parsin cells were paraldehyde fuchsin negative when semithin sections were stained with paraldehyde fuchsin and immunostained with antiovary maturing parsin serum the ovary maturing parsin and neuroparsin producing cells were identified on immunogold labelled ultrathin sections adjacent to double stained semithin sections ovary maturing parsin cells have larger more numerous LDV of greater electron density than neuroparsin cells the neuroparsin cells contained more lysosomal structures than the ovary maturing parsin cells suggesting different neurosecretory dynamics thus immunogold labelling with antisera specific for each neurohormone demonstrates the individual nature of these two NSC in the pars intercerebralis of the locust | MEDAL |
the limited efficacy of alpha interferon ifn monotherapy for HC virus hcv infection has led to the investigation of alternative treatment approaches including combining interferons with other antiviral agents in several small pilot studies the combination of ifn plus ribavirin was significantly more effective than ifn monotherapy for the initial treatment of hcv the encouraging results from these studies provided the rationale for conducting two one us one international large multicenter randomized placebocontrolled clinical trials of ifn plus ribavirin therapy for the initial treatment of hcv patients of patients receiving therapy QTc for weeks us and international achieved sustained virologic remission with interferon plus ribavirin QTc compared with only us receiving interferon corrected plus placebo sustained virologic response rates were improved in patients treated for weeks interferon plus ribavirin us international compared to interferon plus placebo us international corrected improvement was also observed in terms of biochemical and histologic end points in those receiving ACT pretreatment variables hcv genotype viral burden stage of fibrosis were less important as predictors of treatment outcome in patients receiving ACT the safety profile of ACT reflected the individual safety profiles of ifn and ribavirin without synergism combination therapy with ifn plus ribavirin was more effective than ifn monotherapy for the initial treatment of hcv in terms of virologic PSA and histologic end points the combination appears to be well tolerated with a predictable safety profile | MEDAL |
for the first time we report a lowcost disposable fullypapertronic screening platform for rapid screening and identification of electroactive microorganisms this novel papertronic device is capable of simultaneous characterizing the electrogenicity of s of the newly discovered genetically engineered bacteria this work explored an exciting range of possibilities with the goal of fusing microbial fuel cell technology with papertronics the emerging field of paperbased electronics spatially distinct sensing units of the array were constructed by patterning hydrophilic anodic reservoirs in paper with hydrophobic wax boundaries and utilizing d multilaminate paper structures full integration of a highperformance microbial sensor on paper can be achieved by improving the microbial electron exchange with the electrodes in an engineered conductive paper reservoir and reducing cathodic overpotential by using a solid electron acceptor on paper furthermore the intrinsic capillary force of the paper and the increased capacity from the engineered reservoir allowed for rapid adsorption of the bacterial sample and promote immediate microbial cell att to the electrode leading to instant power generation with even a small amount of the liquid | MEDAL |
over a year period the population densities of ixodes pacificus cooley kohls acari ixodidae nymphs infected with spirochaetes of Bb sensu lato sl were evaluated in areas of ha at two localities chr nine sites hrec seven sites km apart in mendocino county northwestern california the year median density of infected nymphs was significantly higher at chr than at hrec vs per m and sitespecific yearly densities exceeding one infected nymph per m were fold more likely to occur at chr than at hrec the importance of longterm data in acarologic risk assessment was demonstrated by significantly higher median yearly densities of infected nymphs at chr from to whereas both Az had similar densities during overall the causative agent of lyme borreliosis in north america b burgdorferi johnson et al sensu stricto ss accounted for of genetically characterized b burgdorferi sl infections from i pacificus nymphs tremendous variability in acarologic risk was recorded within both areas yearly densities of infected nymphs varied fold between sites at chr and fold at hrec part of this R2 could be explained by environmental traits most notably deer usage however correlations between environmental factors and density of INF nymphs for chr and hrec combined did not necessarily apply when these areas were considered separately thus a LB ecology MM developed in one of these areas needs testing in the other area | MEDAL |
progressive infection with feline leukaemia virus felv is considered one of the L1 risk factors for development of feline lymphoma the aim of this T0 was to compare cats with lymphoma between and first period and between and second period concerning felv antigenaemia and age CSD in addition differences between felv antigenpositive and antigennegative cats with lymphoma regarding patients characteristics tumour location and outcome were evaluated there was a significant decrease in the percentagnificant prognostic factor in terms of os pfs and lc in both univariate and multivariate analyses the year rates of pfs were for the ict group and for the nonict group the difference between these CG was significant with univariate analysis p acute toxicity of grade to was observed in patients grade dysphagia occurred in patients twentynine of patients with second primary CA had EC seventeen of patients had manageable SF esophageal CA the clinical tau of definitive crt for hpc is thought to be promising in terms of not only organ preservation but also disease control second primary cancer may have a clinical impact on the outcome for hpc patients and special care should be taken when screening at followup | MEDAL |
a monoclonal antibody mab raised against salmonella Rb and TPS for alphadeoxydmannooctulosonic acid alphakdo of the inner core was tested for IB to lipopolysaccharides lps of klebsiella pneumoniae the mab was tested in several CA systems enzymelinked immunosorbent assay passive hemolysis and inhibition of passive hemolysis with a C1 panel n of k pneumoniae lps representing all nine currently known o serotypes mab showed reactivity with almost all o serotypes of k pneumoniae lps and this reactivity could be inhibited by synthetic kdo this suggests an epitope in the cores of these klebsiella lps much like that in the inner core of lps of s minnesota large differences in reactivity between lps of different strains belonging to the same o serotype were observed T3 sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE of lps followed by immunoblotting reactivity of mab was observed only with the fastmoving fraction possibly representing the nonsubstituted core no binding was seen with the highmolecularweight fraction that contained core material substituted with several units of oantigen building blocks the chemical basis for these differences in reactivity remains to be established as far as we know this is the first report containing comprehensive immunochemical data on the lps core of k pneumoniae | MEDAL |
this paper describes the susceptibility of three species of environmental bacteria isolated from the schmutzdecke of biologically AS slow sand filters to Cd chromium and lead the microorganisms all identified as members of the genus pseudomonas were grown in tryptic soy broth with various concentrations of the selected heavy metals the mean generation times mgt of the bacteria were compared to evaluate the toxic effects of the heavy metals all three species tolerated high doses of heavy metals and the mgts increased exponentially as the heavy metal concentrations increased mg l was the highest dose tested and the bacteria continued to grow albeit at very slow rates in dilute media the toxic effects of heavy metals were enhanced illustrating the protection effect of organic matter and heavy metal complex formation growth studies of the isolated microorganisms on halfstrength tryptic soy agar containing mg l heavy metals also proved useful in determining toxicity | MEDAL |
CE is a new technology developed to investigate diseases of the small intestine it has been shown to be superior to current modalities such as smallbowel radiography and enteroscopy we describe a patient with longstanding celiac disease who presented with ABD pain diarrhea and WL T3 many years on a glutenfree diet the symptom complex and results from smallbowel radiography and computerized tomography raised concern about progression to lymphoma and ultimately a laparoscopy and smallbowel resection were done for diagnosis a CE was performed to assess the extent of the patients enteropathytype intestinal tcell lymphoma T3 three cycles of chemotherapy we report the first use of capsule endoscopy in the setting of celiac disease associated enteropathytype intestinal tcell lymphoma these endoscopic findings are correlated with those from gross and microscopic pathology and barium smallbowel radiography | MEDAL |
sophoricoside isolated from sophora japonica is a glyma and csf when investigating the relationship between diet oxidative AS and disease in the present study a luminometric trapmethod total peroxyl radicaltrapping potential was used to determine the activity of all chain breaking aoxs in several clinical states we have measured trap of plasma CSF fluid csf and of LD lipoprotein ldl trapldl and the concentrations of main aoxcomponents uric acid protein shgroups alphatocopherol ascorbic acid ubiquinone and the fraction of unknown antioxidants to study the effect of aging acute infection diabetes immobilization and CA trap of csf is five times lower than of plasma mainly due to the low urate concentration in csf we have observed that plasma antioxidant defenses respond to the basic metabolic rate and the challenges caused by physiological or pathological stress i in a healthy normal population trap and trapldl NC with age and a substantial proportion of trap cannot be attributed to any known aoxs thus indicating the existence of unmeasured an unidentified antioxidants ii during acute infection and immobilization the exogenous aoxs VC and e remained unchanged whereas the activity of unidentified aoxs of plasma declined sharply iii in those niddm patients with coronary heart disease plasma trap is reduced in conclusion trap has revealed important information for evaluating the aox status of human plasma csf and ldl according to our studies important possibly endogenous aoxs still remain to be identified | MEDAL |
this numerical T0 of an axisymmetric motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in an elongated cylindrical container explains how a swirling inflow develops the global meridional circulation and two ushaped throughflows tfs for moderate values of the reynolds re number there is a single ushaped tf the fluid moves from the peripheral annular inlet near the sidewall to the dead end turns around goes back near the axis and leaves the container through the central exhaust as re increases vortex breakdown occurs near the dead end if the exhaust orifice is wide the ambient fluid is sucked into the container near its axis reaches the deadend vicinity merges with the ushaped tf and goes back inside an annular region thus a double counterflow develops where the fluid moves to the dead end near both the sidewall and the axis and goes back in between the physical mechanism of the double counterflow is a swirl decay combined with the focused flow convergence near the dead end this double counterflow is beneficial for combustion applications | MEDAL |
the hemodynamic effects of dihydralazine and prazosin and mgkg iv on the circulatory system and left VVI dynamics and +dP/dt has been performed in purebred beagle dogs kg under PB mgkg ip anaesthesia by means of thermodilution and catheter technics the changes of cardiovascular values were either dihydralazine and prazosin decreased mean arterial blood pressure in the dose of mgkg iv following application of mgkg intravenously the arterial pressure abruptly decreased T3 prazosin both pharmaca caused tachycardia being slowly introduced but continued by dihydralazine the increase of PP rate T3 prazosin was only initial the cardiac dynamics were differently influenced by dihydralazine and prazosin in the estimated dose range prazosin led to an increase of cardiac output directly after application while dihydralazine induced a gradual enhancing of cardiac output the stroke volume was decreased by prazosin and slightly increased by dihydralazine while distinctly decreasing initially after prazosin peripheral total resistance was slowly reduced by dihydralazine the +dP/dt of the left IVT estimated as dpdtmax and vce showed a distinct increase of the myocardial inotropy after both EDC the Emax after prazosin however was to be seen immediately post applicationem dihydralazine led to a deferred enhancing of the measured contractility parameter | MEDAL |
hepatocellular carcinoma mainly affects patients with cirrhosis or with various degrees of fibrosis from to among patients who underwent hepatic resection for non fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma had a non fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma developed in a normal liver there were men and women aged to years in patients hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with clinical manifestations SS SH b surface antigen were absent in all patients AFP level was less than ngml in size of the tumor was greater than or equal to cm in and capsule was present in resections included removal of segments ous laevis were incubated with hdexamethasone for h when radioactive EDC in media were separated by reversed phase OHP liquid chromatography two radioactive fractions were found the less polar fraction which contained of total radioactivity cochromatographed with dexamethasone whereas the polar fraction contained of total radioactivity in media in order to rigorously identify the polar metabolite C1 scale cultures were carried out and the polar compound was separated and purified by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography the purified material was analyzed by SIMS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy by these procedures this material was identified as betahydroxydexamethasone to our knowledge these are the first data indicating that dexamethasone can be metabolized by transporting epithelia such as a cells | MEDAL |
the course of the disease CL caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite leishmania tropica differs markedly amongst various common inbred mouse strains after intradermal injection of x promastigotes to young female TPS pathogenfree spf derived mice persistent infection characterized by an expanding ulcerous lesion is seen in balbc and dba mice in the strains cbah chhe and aj lesions resolve within weeks and in cb mice no real lesion typical of CL develops at the injection site nzb mice are highly resistant macrophages harvested from the thioglycollatestimulated peritoneal cavity of nzb and cb mice appear to differ from macrophages of the other mouse strains in not supporting multiplication of l tropica organisms in vitro nevertheless hypothymic nude nunu mice of B6 TT as well as cbahnunu and balbcnunu mice develop C1 lesions with metastases to other cutaneous and visceral locations in the IN mice in which infection resolves spontaneously resistance to reinfection is CR using mouse antipromastigote sera and an indirect fluorescent antibody test in carefully controlled experiments l tropica antigens were detected on in vitro INF macrophages of both highly susceptible balbc and relatively resistant cbah genotypes T3 incubation with a crude soluble antigen preparation from cultured promastigotes infected balbc macrophages differed from INF cbah macrophages and uninfected macrophages of both genotypes in being unable to sensitize syngeneic recipients for a delayedtype DTH to that antigen when infected and uninfected macrophages were used as blocking cells in an in vitro alloreactive cytotoxic t cell system involving cells from congenic mice evidence was obtained for reduced hd expression on INF macrophages of the susceptible mouse strains balbc the data in this MM system of CL raise the possibility that genetic susceptibility is associated with both a permissive macrophage and defective t cell recognition of parasite antigens on INF macrophages defective recognition may be the result of reduced functional expression of hd antigens on infected balbc macrophages required for efficient recognition by syngeneic t cells of one or more subpopulations | MEDAL |
a yearold man with disseminated herpes zoster which occurred months T3 bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia developed HIVE and immobilizing myoclonus T3 days of ara-A treatment mgkg of body weight per day only mild hepatic dysfunction was a risk factor for a toxic reaction T3 the ara-A therapy was stopped the symptoms worsened until treatment with hydration C1 doses of chlordiazepoxide and protective care gave symptomatic relief | MEDAL |
a yearold male in whom diabetes mellitus and BPH had been diagnosed was hospitalized with a urinary tract infection uti showing UR and a high grade fever his PS worsened although several antibiotics were administered after admission a chest radiograph shows multiple nodular lesions and cavity formations in both lung fields arterial blood gas analysis showed hypoxia and hypocapnia pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy revealed perfusion defects corresponding to the nodular lesions observed on the chest radiograph enhanced abdominal ct demonstrated abscesses in the CL and kidney and in urine and blood cultures klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated we therefore diagnosed septic pulmonary embolism spe occurring AA to uti T3 diagnosis the patient was given intravenous imipenemcilastatin minocycline and ciprofloxacin and recovered although spe occurring secondary to uti is very rare the incidence of spe has recently increased in patients with dm therefore we should consider the possibility of spe in patients with dm who have respiratory symptoms | MEDAL |
longlasting insecticidal nets llins and indoor residual spraying of insecticide irs are the primary vector control interventions used to prevent malaria in africa although both interventions are effective in some settings highquality evidence is rarely available to evaluate their effectiveness following deployment by a national malaria control program in uganda we measured changes in key malaria indicators following universal llin distribution in three sites with the addition of irs at one of these sites | MEDAL |
the measurement of the critical flicker frequency threshold is used to T0 the visual temporal resolution in healthy subjects and in pathological conditions to better understand the role played by different cortical areas in the CFF threshold perception we used continuous theta burst stimulation ctbs an inhibitory plasticityinducing protocol based on repetitive TMS stimulation the critical flicker frequency threshold was measured in twelve HS before and after ctbs applied over different cortical Az in separate sessions ctbs over the left inferior parietal lobule altered the critical flicker frequency threshold whereas ctbs over the left mediotemporal cortex primary VC and right IPL left the CFF threshold unchanged no statistical difference was found when the red or blue lights were used our findings show that left inferior parietal lobule is causally involved in the conscious perception of CFF and that critical flicker frequency threshold can be modulated by plasticityinducing protocols | MEDAL |
traditional molecular methods have been used to examine bacterial communities in ginsengcultivated soil samples in a timedependent manner despite these efforts our understanding of the bacterial community is still inadequate therefore in this T0 a highthroughput sequencing RPA was employed to investigate bacterial diversity in various ginseng field soil samples over cultivation times of and years in the first and second rounds of cultivation we used noncultivated soil samples to perform a comparative study moreover this study assessed changes in the bacterial community associated with soil depth and the health state of the ginseng bacterial richness decreased through years of cultivation this study detected differences in relative abundance of bacterial populations between the first and second rounds of cultivation years of cultivation and health states of ginseng these bacterial populations were mainly distributed in the classes acidobacteria alphaproteobacteria deltaproteobacteria gammaproteobacteria and sphingobacteria in addition we found that ph available phosphorus and exchangeable ca seemed to have high correlations with bacterial class in ginseng cultivated soil | MEDAL |
ten patients with either the familial or sporadic form of alzheimer disease ad were studied cytogenetically to confirm reports of aneuploidy and long acentric fragments associated with the disease findings in WBCs of patients were compared with those in eight unaffected relatives and seven persons of similar age observations from encoded slides involving conventionally stained and gbanded metaphases one patient showed no significant increase in aneuploidy the frequency of cells with hypermodal counts a reliable measure of aneuploidy was and respectively in women and men with familial ad and and respectively in women and men with the sporadic form of the illness similar frequencies of hypermodal cells occurred in female and in male control subjects in contrast to the lack of aneuploidy a small but significant number of false long acentric fragments was found in cells of women with ad p less than these aberrations are thought to represent PCD pcd in IN chromosomes primarily supernumerary xs often in multiple copies pcd occurred in of their cells and in of cells from CW pcd occurred in of cells of women with the familial form and in of cells of women with the sporadic type of PSD among unaffected relatives pcd increased with age the rarity of pcd in gbanded metaphases from an affected female suggests that metaphase spreading techniques also may affect observable frequency thus pcds occur more frequently in but are not unique to ad and may represent an epiphenomenon of aging a process also characterized by the occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral SC | MEDAL |
the classification of fibromyalgia is based on the criteria of the ACR for diagnostic reasons autonomic disturbances and mental features have to be considered the distinction between fibromyalgia tender points and myofascial pain syndrome trigger points is essential internal and neurological disorders as a primary cause of fibromyalgia have to be excluded the aetiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia still remain uncertain the myopathological patterns in fibromyalgia are nonspecific typeiifiberatrophy a slight increase in lipid droplets a proliferation of mitochondria and a slightly elevated incidence of Ra red SF biochemically alterations of the serotonin system and high levels of substance p in the cerebrospinal fluid of fibromyalgia patients are important animal experiments showed that the CE stimulation by nociceptor input from muscles is exaggerated in skeletal muscle pain conditions suggesting CE hyperexcitability the diagnosis of fibromyalgia requires a thorough exclusion of other rheumatologic and neurologic disorders the differential diagnosis is complicated by an overlap to other chronic somatoform pain disorders | MEDAL |
HT improves the outcome of acute IS traumatic injury and inflammation of BB tissue we tested the hypothesis that hypothermia reduces the SE metabolism of BB tissue to a level that is commensurate with the prevailing blood flow and hence allows adequate CSD of oxygen to the entire tissue to determine the effect of degrees c hypothermia on BB tissue we measured the sequential changes of physiological variables by means of pet in pigs CBF blood flow and oxygen consumption cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen declined to of the baseline in and h respectively thus elevating the oxygen extraction fraction to of the baseline at h the results are consistent with the claim that cooling of the brain to degrees c couples both energy metabolism and blood flow to a lower rate of work of the entire tissue | MEDAL |
proceeding from estimation of the co release from calphaketoglutarate c gammaaminobutyric acid gaba c succinate and c aspartate mm during their incubation witial supine b T3 min in the sitting position c after min in the sitting position and d min after resuming the supine position six dogs group served as a control group with a normal intracranial pressure icp in five dogs group icp was elevated with a parietal epidural balloon h before the first measurements of RBF were made saline was injected incrementally into the balloon so as to reach a steadystate icp of mm hg for h elevation of icp in group resulted in significantly lower cbf scbf and cmro compared with group postural changes in group did not result in any significant change in blood flow measurements whereas in group T3 h in the sitting position there were significant decreases in cbf and scbf compared with the initial supine measurements there was however no corresponding decrease in cmro in group with change in position these data suggest that both the BB and spinal cord may be at risk for ischemia during sitting position procedures under GA in the presence of elevated icp | MEDAL |
the transactivating protein from human immunodeficiency virus type hiv tat was found to bind to the nuclear matrix from uninfected and HIV+ h cells addition of the zn cd and cu chelator ophenanthroline destroyed the matrix fibrils and the IB affinity of tat to the matrix a sequential treatment of the matrix first with ophenanthroline and then with zncl partially restored the fibrillarlike matrix structure infection of h cells with hiv resulted in a MSD of cellular mrna by viral mrna from the NM both the matrixbound host cell and hiv mrna were found to dissociate from the matrix in the presence of OP this could be prevented by coincubation with zn or cu but not mg which stabilize the mrna containing nuclear matrix structure | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prolonged standing on gait characteristics in children with spastic cerebral palsy six children with spastic cerebral palsy participated in this study with an average age of years sd range years a reverse baseline design aba was used over a week period during phase a the children received their usual PT treatment during phase b children received the prolonged standing program three times per week in addition to their usual PCS therapy treatment during phase a children received their usual physical therapy treatment gait analysis and clinical assessment of spasticity were performed before and after each phase analysis of variance anova for repeated measurements was used to test for changes in gait measures across the four measurement sessions friedmans was used to test for changes in muscle tone modified ashworth scale across the four measurement sessions SL p gait speed p stride time p stance phase time p double support time p muscle tone p and peak dorsiflexion angle during midstance p improved significantly following the MI phase the results of this T0 demonstrate that the gait DP of children with CBF palsy classified as level ii or iii on the gross motor PET classification system gmfcs improved by a prolonged standing program however these improvements were not maintained at weeks further research is necessary with larger sample sizes to replicate these findings and determine specific dosing for standing programs to create longlasting functional effects on gait | MEDAL |
to investigate topographical changes in electroencephalographic eeg frequencies and spectral power density in relation to different surgical procedures ABD hysterectomy versus mastectomy during steadystate isofluranenitrous oxide no anesthesia | MEDAL |
conditions favorable to hthymidine incorporation into antigenstimulated t lymphocytes from listeriainfected rats have been established in cultures of PE t lymphocytes purified twice with nylonwool vigorous antigenspecific proliferation was observed within days cultures of lymphocytes from nodes draining a subcutaneous listeriainfection site differed in that BG proliferation was higher than for peritoneal exudate lymphocytes and hthymidine incorporation was maximal at day a critical factor for the rate of proliferation was the lymphocytetomacrophage ratio optimal cultures of PE lymphocytes contained to macrophages macrophages exceeding a proportion of strongly if not CR inhibited hthymidine incorporation into antigenstimulated lymphocytes inhibition was associated with mononuclear cells Ad to plastic or nylonwool of the stimulated or unstimulated peritoneal cavity it was neither attributable to release of cold thymidine from macrophages nor to rapid degradation of particulate antigen by macrophages the degree of inhibition reflected the metabolic activity of macrophages on a cellforcell basis HK and glutaraldehydefixed macrophages were less GABA and stimulated macrophages were more GABA than macrophages from the unstimulated peritoneal cavity | MEDAL |
mutations in rpe a gene essential to normal T0 of the visual retinoid cycle cause the childhood blindness known as leber congenital amaurosis lca retinal GT restores vision to blind canine and murine models of lca gene therapy in blind humans with lca from rpe mutations may also have potential for success but only if the retinal photoreceptor layer is intact as in the earlydisease stagetreated animals here we use highresolution in vivo microscopy to quantify photoreceptor layer thickness in the human disease to define the relationship of retinal structure to vision and determine the potential for GT success the normally cone photoreceptorrich central retina and rodrich regions were studied despite severely reduced cone vision many rpemutant retinas had nearnormal central microstructure absent rod vision was associated with a detectable but thinned photoreceptor layer we asked whether abnormally thinned rpemutant retina with photoreceptor loss would respond to treatment GT in rpe mice at advanceddisease stages a more faithful mimic of the humans we studied showed success but only in animals with betterpreserved photoreceptor structure the results indicate that identifying and then targeting retinal locations with retained photoreceptors will be a prerequisite for successful GT in humans with rpe mutations and in other retinal degenerative disorders now moving from proofofconcept studies toward clinical trials | MEDAL |
a yearold japanese man with AC and an incarcerated gallbladder gb stone was admitted plain ultrasonography us incidentally detected a masslike lesion in the fundus doppler us revealed that this elevated lesion had no blood flow computed tomography showed a relatively lowdensity mass measuring cm multiply cm in diameter with no positive enhancement magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass in the fundus with a slightly low intensity on tweighted images and a slightly high intensity on tweighted images we were agonized in making the qualitative diagnosis of masslike lesions of the fundus such as a benign tumor cancer or debris we performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy because the incarcerated gb stone clearly caused acute cholecystitis IOC clearly revealed PBM amylase C2 in the common bile duct and GB were quite high the elevated lesion in the fundus clearly showed severe CN although this necrotic nodule included nonviable adenocarcinoma cells viable cancer cell nests were located in the mp and subcutaneous layer histopathological examination confirmed a solid adenocarcinoma thus we diagnosed it as a GBC based on histopathological analysis of the resected specimen we therefore undertook radical surgery including wedge resection of the liver radical dissection of regional lymph NO and resection of the extrahepatic bile duct histopathological findings revealed no CA PH or dysplasia in the additionally resected specimens the patient was finally staged as t n h p m stage ii we present the first case of spontaneous CN of solid GB adenocarcinoma with a review of previous studies | MEDAL |
reducing maternal mortality remains a global priority in the UN member states pledged to work towards a series of millennium OD goals mdgs in which the fifth target was to reduce MM ratio by from to the chinese government introduced basic public health service project in to the further improvement of maternal CHS and reduction in MM china had achieved the goal of mdg year ahead of the schedule in but the effects of the project on reducing MM were rarely evaluated with robust methods | MEDAL |
safety and efficacy of intravenous ivt and IAT lit in patients with acute stroke due to spontaneous CAD were not assessed in any controlled randomized trial data on ivt are derived from studies with a total of patients aged years with internal carotid artery dissection no new or worsened local signs on the side of dissection such as horner syndrome and cranial nerve palsy and no rupture of the C2 i.c. or subarachnoid hemorrhage sah were observed one patient dramatically deteriorated during ivt probably due to arterial embolism arising from a thrombus dislocated from the dissection site mortality was while of patients had a good outcome defined by a mRS mrs score of points up to date a total of patients with carotid or VAD treated with lit were described no intracranial hemorrhage rupture of the dissected vessel sah or recurrent arterial embolism were reported in any patient mortality was while good outcome mrs score points was observed in of patients which is comparable to the results in the AS group of the proact ii T0 currently available data thus suggest that ivt should not be withheld in patients with acute stroke due to CAD lit treatment can only be based on individual decisionmaking | MEDAL |
aortoesophageal fistula is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal one ranging from to in literature the authors studied a group of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the period of three years according to two patient cases and the data from literature diagnostic methods causes of aortoesophageal fistulas are analysed and the necessity of urgent closure of the fistulas is stressed tab fig ref | MEDAL |
medical emergencies can and do occur in the practice of dentistry although most emergencies take place in adults serious problems can also develop in younger patients the contemporary dentist must be prepared to manage expeditiously and effectively those few problems that do arise BLS as necessary is all that is required to manage many emergency situations with the addition of specific drug therapy in some others preparation of the office and staff includes basic life support annually pediatric T3 life support OD of an emergency team consideration for emergency medical services and the availability of emergency drugs and equipment with the ability to use these items effectively as with the AD patient effective management of pain local anesthesia and anxiety behavioral management CS will minimize the OD of medical emergencies | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to examine the interaction between nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor activation and the low threshold calcium spike lts of phasically firing neurons in the rostral part of the substantia nigra pars compacta snpc in midbrain slices bath perfusion of microm nmda gradually increased the lts area and the effect reached a maximum after min of perfusion this enhancement of the lts by nmda was blocked both by a competitive and noncompetitive nmda receptor antagonist microm dap and microm mk respectively demonstrating that this effect of nmda was mediated through nmda receptors prolonged exposure to increasing concentrations of nmda microm progressively decreased the lts area the higher doses led to an irreversible marked depolarization and decrease of the membrane resistance these results suggest that the lts of snpc neurons can trigger a nmda receptordependent response which may have physiological and pathological roles | MEDAL |
primary intradural extramedullary hydatid cyst is a rare form of parasitic infection causing focal neurological signs commonly observed in sheepraising Az of the world we report a rare case of intradural extramedullary spinal cyst which we had misdiagnosis in the first surgery because of rarity of the case a yearold man presented to our hospital in august he was admitted to our clinic because of lumbar pain of increasing severity and progressive difficulty with walking and stiffness of both lower limbs which had lasted for month on the basis of imaging results arachnoid cyst of the LS was diagnosed due to rapid progression of the patients symptoms toward spastic paraplegia he underwent an emergency surgical decompression procedure the patient underwent exploratory surgery using a posterior RPA a ll laminectomy was performed T3 opening the dura an intradural extramedullary cystic mass was d endoplasmic reticulum er AS is an important pathway to cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als we previously demonstrated that er stress is linked to neurotoxicity associated with formation of inclusions of mutant cuznsuperoxide dismutase sod cells bearing mutant inclusions undergo mitochondrial AI signalling here we demonstrate that the bhonly protein bim is a direct link between er AS and mitochondrial apoptosis in the murine Neuro-2a neuroa bearing mutant sod inclusions indicators of both er AS and apoptosis are expressed bim knockdown by sirna significantly reduced nuclear AI features in these inclusionbearing cells but did not affect the proportion of cells overall that bear inclusions further both bax recruitment to mitochondria and cytochrome c RD were also decreased under bimdepletion conditions however upregulation of chop a marker of er stress was not reduced by bim knockdown significantly knockdown of chop by sirna reduced the extent of apoptosis in cells bearing mutant sod inclusions these sequential links between er AS chop upregulation and bim activation of mitochondrial AI signalling indicate a clear pathway to cell death mediated by mutant sod | MEDAL |
currently available models of thiopental disposition kinetics using only plasma concentrationtime data neglect the influence of intratissue diffusion and provide no direct information on tissue partitioning in individual subjects our approach was based on a lumpedorgan recirculatory MM that has recently been applied to unbound EDC the goal was to find the simplest MM that accounts for the heterogeneity in tissue partition coefficients and accurately describes initial CSD kinetics of thiopental in dogs to ensure identifiability of the underlying axially distributed capillarytissue exchange model simultaneously measured disposition data of the V1 indicator indocyanine green and the marker of whole body water antipyrine were analyzed together with those of thiopental a model obtained by grouping the SVR organs in two subsystems containing fat and nonfat tissues successfully described all data and allowed an accurate estimation of model parameters the estimated tissue partition coefficients were in accordance with those measured in rats because of the effect of tissue binding the diffusional equilibration time characterizing intratissue CSD of thiopental is longer than that of antipyrine the approach could potentially be used in clinical pharmacokinetics and could increase our understanding of the effect of obesity on the disposition kinetics of lipidsoluble drugs | MEDAL |
the authors evaluated all respiratory complications of cardiac transplantation in a year study of consecutive recipients mean followup time was months the initial patients were treated with azathioprine and prednisone while the subsequent patients received cyclosporine and prednisone in the azathioprine group respiratory infections accounted for of infections twothirds of the respiratory infections occurred in the first postoperative months and were generally localized processes focal pneumonitis nodules PA or empyema grampositive and GN bacteria and aspergillus were the predominant pathogens respiratory failure occurred in of infectious episodes in the cyclosporine group there were significantly fewer respiratory infections there was also a reduction in the number of nonrespiratory infections hence the percentage of total infections due to respiratory causes of was not significantly different in contrast however nearly twothirds of the respiratory infections in cyclosporinetreated patients occurred T3 the first postoperative months and were usually diffuse processes despite diffuse disease respiratory failure was observed with similar frequency pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus cmv were the predominant pathogens cmv pneumonitis tended to occur earlier than that due to p carinii mo vs mo respectively but there was considerable overlap in comparison with infectious processes there were fewer noninfectious respiratory complications in both CG these were primarily pleural or TE disorders four of five pulmonary emboli occurred in patients with intercurrent cardiorespiratory illness and were detected only at autopsy the authors conclude that respiratory infections account for onehalf of all infections observed in cardiac transplant recipients despite the reduced infection rate associated with the use of cyclosporine furthermore respiratory infections in cyclosporinetreated patients exhibit different clinical and etiologic features than those seen in azathioprinetreated patients finally occult thromboemboli may be difficult to recognize in cardiac SPK recipients because of the high incidence of coexisting cardiorespiratory disease | MEDAL |
the use of polyllactic acid plla surgical implants for repair of bone fractures has gained popularity in the past decade the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of plla plates on subcutaneous tissue in two mouse strains balbcj and sjlj which have higher and lower tumorigenicity respectively gapjunctional intercellular communication and protein expression of connexin were significantly suppressed whereas secretion of transforming growth factorbeta and expression of extracellular matrix insulinlike growth factor binding protein and cysteinerich intestinal protein were significantly increased in pllaimplanted balbcj mice when compared with balbcj controls finally PT were formed T3 implantation of cultured cells from the moretumorigenic balbcj but not sjlj mice into nude mice | MEDAL |
subarachnoid hemorrhage sah is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality rates due to the lack of effective therapy nucleotidebinding oligomerization domainlike receptor family pyrin domaincontaining nlrp inflammasome activation associated with the upregulation of AI signaling pathway has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including hemorrhagic insults melatonin is reported to possess substantial antiinflammatory properties which is beneficial for early BB injury ebi T3 sah however the molecular mechanisms have not been clearly identified this study was designed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against ebi induced by sah and to elucidate the potential mechanisms the adult mice were subjected to sah melatonin or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally hr after sah melatonin was neuroprotective as shown by increased survival rate as well as elevated neurological score greater survival of SN preserved BB GSH and reduced BB edema malondialdehyde concentrations AI ratio and bloodbrain barrier bbb disruption melatonin also att the expressions of nlrp apoptosisassociated specklike protein containing a caspase recruitment domain asc cleaved caspase interleukinβ ilβ and interleukin il these changes were also associated with an increase in the Bcl-2 factor bcl and reduction in the proapoptotic factor bim in summary our results demonstrate that melatonin treatment attenuates the ebi following sah by inhibiting nlrp inflammasomeassociated apoptosis | MEDAL |
pigment epitheliumderived factor pedf is one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis and has recently been demonstrated to have an important multifunctional role in tumor growth invasion and metastasis however relatively little is known of mechanisms through which pedf exerts its antitumor activity therefore with the aim of identifying potential functional epitopes specifically against osteosarcoma we evaluated the bioactivity of four mer synthetic pedfderived peptides termed stvorth and against a human osteosarcoma cell line saos we found that stvorth residues predominantly inhibited RT cell proliferation while stvorth residues markedly increased cellular adhesion to collagen type with stvorth residues demonstrating most significant inhibition of matrigel invasion furthermore we show that stvorth residues and induce OB differentiation evidenced by increased mineralized nodule formation interestingly although no peptide inhibited angiogenesis in the tube formation CA stvorth and markedly suppressed vegf expression we further tested the activity of stvorth and stvorth in vivo in an orthotopic MM of osteosarcoma and found that both MMP significantly inhibited primary RT growth and the development of PM together these results provide greater insight into the potential mechanisms through which pedf exerts its antitumor CF furthermore this raises the possibility of developing short pedf fragments as lead EDC for the treatment of osteosarcoma | MEDAL |
the results of reoperation for recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome have been quite disappointing in addition to a AA external or internal neurolysis multiple tissues and procedures have been used to decrease scar adherence of the reoperated MN including muscle fascial or fat flaps and vein wrapping however each technique has certain limitations especially in the carpal tunnel that has previously undergone multiple operations with diffuse scar and adherence over an extended length of the MN the purpose of this study was to evaluate the LT functional and symptomatic outcome following microvascular omental transfer for severe recalcitrant median neuritis between and extremities in seven patients underwent omental transfer for severe recurrent median neuritis at the wrist nine extremities in six women were available for personal DUE at an average followup of years range to years all extremities had undergone a minimum of two previous surgical procedures and since all patients also failed local pedicle tissue coverage each patient completed a PE a questionnaire and electrophysiologic studies at surgery all median SN were encased in dense Ad scar which often extended PT to the wrist crease there were seven neural CA in six extremities three patent median arteries and one aberrant palmaris longus muscle the FS index was and the symptom severity index was with a range of best to most symptoms were improved but not completely alleviated four of nine extremities exhibited improved twopoint discrimination and five of seven improved sensitivity according to the semmesweinstein monofilament test grip strength increased an average of percent in seven of nine extremities and pinch strength increased percent in four of nine extremities five of six patients were satisfied with their results and reported improved quality of life preoperatively five of seven patients were working on light duty postoperatively three of six patients attempted to return to work but none were working at final followup electrophysiologic data did not correlate with the symptomatic or functional outcome there were four complications three were related to delayed wound healing and one morbidly obese patient developed a VP hernia wrapping the median nerve with vascularized omentum is a viable option for the treatment of severe recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome despite a high satisfaction rate and significant symptomatic improvement many symptoms will persist but to a lesser degree | MEDAL |
infantile spasms wests syndrome is a syndrome which includes a peculiar type of epileptic seizure the spasms and an electroencephalogram eeg abnormality often called hypsarrhythmia psychomotor retardation is frequently found at follow up approximately two thirds of affected infants will have a detectable underlying neurological abnormality but still little is known about the pathophysiological basis for infantile spasms and treatment remains problematic | MEDAL |
a method for isolating AD human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mscs was established and the ability of human mscs to differentiate into cells with characteristics of cardiomyocytes in vitro was investigated selected msc surface antigens were analyzed by FC the mscs at passage were treated with azacytidine to investigate their differentiation into cardiomyocytes characteristics of the putative myogenic cells were determined by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron and confocal microscopies the expression of myogenic specific genes was detected by RT-PCR rtpcr realtime quantitative pcr and dna sequencing the mscs were spindleshaped with irregular processes and were respectively positive for cd cd cd cd and negative for cd cd cd cd cd cd cd and hladr the myogenic cells differentiated from mscs were positive for betamyosin heavy chain betamhc desmin and alphacardiac actin when the myogenic cells were stimulated with low concentration of k mm an increase in intracellular calcium fluorescence was observed myofilamentlike structures were observed in electron micrographs of the differentiated myogenic cells the mrnas of betamhc desmin alphacardiac actin and cardiac troponin t were highly expressed in the myogenic cells these results indicate that azacytidine can induce human mscs to differentiate in vitro into cells with characteristics commonly attributed to cardiomyocytes cardiomyocytes cultured from bone marrow sources are potentially valuable for repairing injured myocardium | MEDAL |
few prospective studies have examined personality and depression in older adults the authors investigated whether the fivefactor model of personality traitsneuroticism extraversion openness to experience agreeableness and conscientiousnessand trait combinations styles are related to incident major or minor depression | MEDAL |
using the dmmb topooptical IF reaction carried out at ph we were able to demonstrate the ordered arrangement of glycosaminoglycans on the surface of lymphocyte CM our own histochemical observations have shown that the surface gag component is not uniform in addition to hyaluronic acid it contains chondroitinsulphate chondroitinsulphate and dermatan sulphate with the dmmb topooptical IF reaction at ph to the CM of human lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes selectively stain while those of erythrocytes do not this difference may be due to the lack of the gag component in the EA membrane the heterogeneity of the human lymphocyte sialic acid component was demonstrated histochemically with sialic acid and oacylsialic acid specific topooptical reactions we detect an oriented sialic acid and oacylsialic acid component on the surface of both b and t lymphocytes in our polarization optical analysis the sialic acid and oacyl sialic acid its pyranose ring respectively showed a membrane parallel orientation on the basis of biochemical and immunological findings the plasma membraneassociated rna of lymphocytes was selectively demonstrated along with the difference between ergastoplasmic and plasma membraneassociated rna our histochemical and biochemical results suggest that the human lymphocyte membrane is more complex than other cell membranes | MEDAL |
working memory is sensitive to agingrelated decline evidence exists that aging is accompanied by a reorganization of the workingmemory circuitry but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unclear in this T0 we examined agingrelated changes in prefrontal activation during workingmemory performance using functional IR spectroscopy fnirs a noninvasive neuroimaging technique seventeen healthy young years and healthy older adults years performed a verbal workingmemory task nback oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes were registered by two fnirs channels located over the left and right prefrontal SC increased workingmemory load resulted in worse performance compared to the control condition in older adults but not in young participants in both young and older adults prefrontal activation increased with rising workingmemory load young adults showed slight righthemispheric dominance at low C2 of workingmemory load while no hemispheric differences were apparent in older adults analysis of the timeactivation curve during the high workingmemory load condition revealed a continuous increase of the hemodynamic response in the young in contrast to that a quadratic pattern of activation was found in the older participants based on these results it could be hypothesized that young adults were better able to keep the prefrontal cortex recruited over a prolonged period of time to conclude already at low levels of workingmemory load do older adults recruit both hemispheres possibly in an attempt to compensate for the observed agingrelated decline in performance also our T0 shows that aging effects on the time course of the hemodynamic response must be taken into account in the interpretation of the results of neuroimaging studies that rely on blood oxygen C2 such as fmri | MEDAL |
molybdenum nitrogenase nif which catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonium has modulated the availability of fixed nitrogen in the biosphere since early in earths history phylogenetic evidence indicates that oxygen osensitive nif emerged in an anaerobic archaeon and later diversified into an aerobic bacterium aerobic bacteria that fix n have adapted a number of strategies to protect nif from inactivation by o including spatial and temporal segregation of nif from o and respiratory consumption of o here we report the complembetter neurocognitive health in older adults and is thought to reflect a measure of CR in vivo neuroimaging tools have begun to identify the brain systems and networks potentially responsible for reserve | MEDAL |
to determine the incidence risk AF MR and organisms causing nosocomial pneumonia np | MEDAL |
deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture home pest control protection of foodstuff and disease vector control the objective of this T0 was to investigate the propensity of deltamethrin to induce oxidative AS and changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme MICs in male rats following a shortterm days oral exposure and its possible attenuation by VE vit e rats were assigned to of treatment CG mg vit e and mg deltamethrinkg body weight bw control mg vit ekg bw mg deltamethrinkg bw mg vit e plus mg deltamethrinkg bw results obtained showed that DM significantly p induced thiobarbituric acidreactive substances tbars the marker of lipid peroxidation in plasma the activities of glutathione stransferase gst and superoxide dismutase sod were significantly decreased due to deltamethrin administration on the other hand treatment with vitamin e CT increased the MICs of gst and sod and decreased the levels of tbars also vitamin e alleviated the harmful effect of DM in the combination group enzymatic activities of aminotransferases ast and alt phosphatases acp and alp and lactate dehydrogenase ldh in plasma were significantly increased while acetylcholinesterase ache was inhibited DM significantly p increased the C2 of plasma total lipid tl cholesterol triglyceride tg low density lipoprotein ldl and very low density lipoprotein vldl while the level of high density lipoprotein hdl decreased vitamin e alone decreased the levels of lipids and lipoproteins and alleviated the harmful effects of deltamethrin concentrations of glucose urea creatinine and total bilirubin were increased while plasma total protein tp ere enrolled in an acute rehabilitation treatment trial all participants were enrolled in the vectors very early constraint treatment for recovery from stroke T0 vectors is a singlecenter pilot CT of early application of constraintinduced movement therapy cimt all subjects who completed days of vectors were included in this analysis TR study personnel who were blinded to the treatment type performed all evaluations data in this article examine relationships between assessments performed days T3 stroke PET limitation measures included the ARA ara test and wolf motor function test wmft and selfreported disability measures included the PET independence measure fim and motor activity log mal by telephone mean plus or minus standard deviation time from stroke onset to randomization was plus or minus days and median time to followup was days range subjects with perfect or nearperfect scores on the ara test or wmft reported residual disability on the fim and mal quality of movement on the wmft functional ability score was not strongly associated with selfreported frequency and speed of movement on the wmft timed score was not associated with selfreported frequency mal amount of use in this early ul intervention trial we found that perceived disability measures captured information that was not assessed by functional limitation and impairment scales our results indicate that excellent motor REC as measured by functional limitation and impairment scales did not equal restoration of everyday productive ul use and speed of task completion did not translate to actual use our results confirm the need for a measurement strategy that is CS to change assesses a broad performance range and detects meaningful clinical improvements in early rehabilitation MI trials | MEDAL |
physiological alterations that may change pharmacological response accompany aging pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic properties of cholinesterase inhibitors cheis used in the treatment of alzheimers disease donepezil tacrine and galantamine were investigated in an aged lister hooded rat model intravenous and oral h blood sampling profiles in old months old and young months old rats revealed pharmacokinetic changes similar to those in humans with an approximately increase in cmax of galantamine and prolonged t fold and mean residence time fold of donepezil tacrine disposition was maintained with age and area under the concentrationtime curve and clearance in old rats were similar to those in young rats for all drugs tested as was BA old rats showed a trend of increased pharmacodynamic sensitivity to cheis in cholinesterase activity assays which was attributed to pharmacokinetic effects because a trend of higher blood and BB concentrations was seen in the old rats although brainblood ratios remained unaffected enhanced cholinergicmediated behaviors such as tremor hypothermia salivation and lacrimation were also observed in the old rats which could not be accounted for by a similar magnitude of NC in pharmacokinetics a decrease in expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype detected in old rat brains was postulated to play a role greater age effects in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of donepezil and tacrine were seen in previous studies with fischer rats indicating a potential risk in overreliance on this rat strain for aging studies | MEDAL |
thirtyeight women with advanced ovarian cancer were given monthly cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide adriamycin doxorubicin and cisplatin and oral HMM of with tumor which would be evaluated for response had pCR and partial remission median time to PD from entry for all patients was months and median survival months the bulk of tumor at the time chemotherapy was begun was the only significant prognostic factor for time to PD and survival of the seven women surviving free of disease a median of three T2 five had no mass greater than centimeters in diameter at entry toxicity was predominantly myelosuppression and vomiting with mild peripheral neuropathy in and no significant renal or cardiac toxicity the response rate of is much higher than that previously reported with melphalan and the survival considerably longer the toxicity is acceptable given the substantial improvement in results | MEDAL |
the surgical pleth index has been shown to correlate with surrogate variables of nociception during GA anaesthesia and it has been suggested to be of use as a depth of anaesthesia monitor however little is known about confounding AF as the main determining variables are based on both central and peripheral autonomic RII mechanisms we hypothesised that changing a patients posture may produce a marked effect we studied the effects of posture change in patients who were randomly assigned to receive general n or SA with n or without sedation n as well as awake volunteers mean sd values of the surgical pleth index T3 adoption of the lithotomy position were reduced from to under GA to under spinal anaesthesia CT and to under spinal anaesthesia with sedation all p in healthy volunteers the surgical pleth index increased from to p after ° HUT and was reduced from to after headdown tilt p change in posture has a marked effect on the surgical pleth index which lasts for at least min and this must be considered when interpreting the displayed values | MEDAL |
it was previously demonstrated that mibefradil which shows mechanismbased inhibition in humans also caused drugdrug interactions ddis with midazolam mdz in rats in this study we aimed to quantitatively predict the ddis observed in rats using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic pbpk MM from in vitro inactivation parameters for more precise predictions contribution ratios of cytochrome p p isozymes involved in mdz metabolism and inactivation parameters of mibefradil against each isozyme were incorporated in the predictive MM the evaluation of VO2 using recombinant ps suggested that cypa and cypc contributed to and of mdz metabolism respectively inactivation studies of mibefradil against the two isozymes showed that the maximal inactivation rate constants kinact were considerable in both isozymes min whereas the inhibitor concentration producing half the kinact ki app of cypa μm was a good deal lower than that for cypc μm as a result of predicting the ddis using the pbpk MM predicted increases in Az under the concentrationtime curve of mdz with coadministration of mibefradil and at and mgkg mibefradil respectivcytes and monocytes beyond the conventional view of HPT as a marker of hemolysis several findings point towards an immunomodulatory effect of HPT in bcell mediated progression of atherosclerosis the balance between proatherogenic and protective immunological properties of the different hp phenotypes determines if lesions progress or regress clinical studies indicate a strong association between the hp phenotype and a more frequent ON of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease findings in animal models where no haptoglobin polymorphism is present cannot always be extrapolated to humans | MEDAL |
it is assumed that most cases of nosocomial diarrhea are due to clostridium difficile because of the widespread use of broadspectrum antibiotic agents EN tube feedings are another important cause of hospitalacquired diarrhea especially in intensive care units icus we report the results of a recent survey of patients in the icu with nosocomial diarrhea and describe an illustrative case we conclude on the basis of this and a previous larger T0 that c difficile diarrhea is very uncommon in enterally fed patients in the icu nosocomial diarrhea in the icu is most commonly caused by EN tube feedings | MEDAL |
to analyze the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic data h mrs of normal CL parenchyma with regard to age sex body mass index and location in the CL | MEDAL |
development of hypertension has been linked to chronic lowgrade inflammation however it is not known whether this connection is mediated by features of the metabolic syndrome or smoking or their changes which themselves have been linked to inflammation we studied the predictive value of highly CS creactive protein hscrp smoking and ABD obesity to the OD of hypertension in an year followup of a populationbased T0 cohort comprising MA normotensive men during the followup men developed hypertension men with hscrp or mgl were x confidence interval to more likely to develop hypertension than with hscrp mgl even T3 adjustment for features of the metabolic syndrome lifestyle factors and their changes cigarette smoking was also associated with development of hypertension independently of inflammation and other confounders waist girth increased more in men who quit smoking than in other men an increase in waist girth during followup strongly predicted incident hypertension the decrease in smoking was not associated with a lower risk of hypertension in ageadjusted analyses hypertension is preceded by lowgrade chronic inflammation in middleaged white men independently of smoking or features of the metabolic syndrome furthermore smoking may be a risk factor for hypertension although stopping smoking is beneficial with respect to health outcomes the subsequent increase in weight and waist girth associated with smoking cessation may offset the decrease in the risk of hypertension that one may otherwise expect | MEDAL |
studies on the associations between prenatal lead exposure and birth outcomes have been inconsistent and few data are available on the sex differences in these associations we measured the CB lead C2 of newborns in shanghai and determined their associations with birth outcomes which included birth weight birth length head circumference and the ponderal index in the total sample and within sex subgroups a total of motherinfant pairs were enrolled from hospitals in shanghai between september and october the geometric mean of the CB lead concentrations was μgdl ci μgdl a significant inverse association was found between cord blood lead levels and OFC only in the male subgroup and increasing cord blood lead levels were related to significant decreases in the ponderal index only in females the birth weights of the male infants were positively associated with cord BPb after adjusting for the maternal NI frequency of preserved eggs the estimated mean differences in birth weights decreased by for each unit increase in the logtransformed CB lead concentration our findings suggest that prenatal lead exposure may have sexspecific effects on birth outcomes and that maternal dietary intake may be a potential confounder in these relationships further studies on this topic are highly warranted | MEDAL |
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