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APDs have been available for more than years the invention of neuroleptics changed the overall treatment of schizophrenia dramatically nevertheless the discussion on the importance and role of antipsychotic therapy still goes on in the public as well as in the media there remains a great deal of scepticism about the role of psychopharmacotherapy in the treatment of schizophrenia the best way to handle this is an evidencebased RPA the efficacy of neuroleptic treatment has been proven in over doubleblind controlled clinical trials the second generation of APDs show similar antipsychotic properties as the CP agents but with fewer sideeffects such as extrapyramidal PS eps the atypical AP agents have improved the quality of therapy and can also improve and support other aspects of treatment when used with other treatment strategies atypical antipsychotic agents could improve the overall outcome of this usually chronic disease it is now necessary to implement these strategies as effectively as possible | MEDAL |
bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy bis can assess intracellular water icw and total water tw in limbs this T0 aimed to examine whether bis can explain a part of the interindividual R2 of the muscle sizestrength relationship in older adults we analyzed the data of participants aged years the maximal voluntary isometric torques of DF and plantar flexion on the right side were measured the anterior and posterior muscle thickness mt in the right lower leg was assessed using ultrasonography the length of the right lower leg l was measured and the icwtotw ratio icwtw in the right lower leg was obtained using bis the mt was multiplied by l to represent an index of muscle volume mv correlation and stepwise regression analyses were performed the anterior and posterior mt à l significantly and positively correlated with the muscle torque of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion r and respectively p in the stepwise regression analyses icwtw was selected as a significant predictor of muscle torque independent of mt à l p for both dorsiflexion and plantar flexion electrical parameters of bis membrane capacitance characteristics frequency and phase angle in the lower leg also significantly correlated with muscle torques in addition the skeletal MM index appendicular lean massheight | MEDAL |
the CSD of fast axonally transported proteins was studied by electron TSM radioautography in ciliary ganglia of chickens treated or not treated with acrylamide at h T3 the IC injection of hlysine the preganglionic axons of the UT chickens displayed few silver grains mainly associated with SER ser profiles in most axons of acrylamidetreated chickens a similar DP was observed except in axons which exhibited focal and intense labeling underneath the axolemma clusters of silver grains indeed overlayed IP accumulations of tubulovesicular profiles of ser dense core vesicles and mitochondria after impregnation with heavy metals electron TSM observation of micrometer thick sections showed a locally disorganized ser forming a complex network of tubules intermingled with LDV and mitochondria such a local disorganization of the peripheral ser in the distal part of the axons could be responsible for the focal stasis of fast transported proteins it seems to be one of the earliest changes detectable in axons damaged by acrylamide treatment | MEDAL |
the present T0 compares the uptake of ffluoroazomycinarabinofuranoside faza a recently developed hypoxia tracer for pet imaging of tissue hypoxia with an established tracer ffluoromisonidazole fmiso both in vitro using walker rat CS cells and in vivo in experimental rat tumors eleven to twelve days after RT cell implantation in vitro studies indicated that hypoxiaselective uptake of both faza and fmiso in tumor cells and minutes postincubation was of the same magnitude min faza fmiso min faza fmiso pet imaging reflected a similar radiotracer distribution in rat PT for faza and fmiso one h after radiotracer i.t. the concentration of faza in the PT as measured by pet however was lower in comparison to fmiso suvfaza vs suvfmiso p although the RT to muscle ratios for faza and fmiso did not differ in the pet images that were obtained after one h suvfaza vs suvfmiso a comparison of pet data three h postinjection suvfaza vs suvfmiso p demonstrated a lower faza uptake that indicates a lower sensitivity of faza in comparison to fmiso in detecting hypoxic regions at a longer time in this rat however these data also show a faster elimination of faza from blood viscera and muscle tissue via the renal system this advantage of a faster reduction of unspecific IB in light of similar or marginally lower tumor uptake warrants further investigation of faza as a marker of regional hypoxia in PT | MEDAL |
a universal pcr CA was designed that consistently detected psittacine beak and feather disease virus bfdv in psittacine birds affected with psittacine beak and feather disease pbfd from different geographic regions across australia primers within open reading frame orf of the bfdv genome consistently amplified a bp product from blood andor feathers of birds with pbfd lesions the pcr did not amplify a product from the feathers or blood from clinically normal psittacine birds primers based on regions outside of orf did not consistently produce a pcr product suggesting there was some genomic R2 outside orf the amplified orf pcr products of bfdv isolates from different psittacine species and from various regions around australia were cloned and comparative dna CS analysis demonstrated of the orf fragments the derived CAA sequences of the amplified orf fragments demonstrated similar identity between all isolates within orf there was complete conservation of the putative nucleotide binding site and marked conservation of other motifs previously identified as essential components of the replicationassociated proteins of other circoviruses and geminiviruses | MEDAL |
the asxprt mutation CA was examined for sensitivity in the PCD of chromosomal mutagens compounds identified as chromosomal mutagens in the mouse lymphoma assay mla were tested for mutagenicity in as cells using suspension treatment and soft agar cloning the EDC were benzoapyrene bap acetylaminofluorene aaf MMS mms MA mcr benzoin bz and paminophenol am bap aaf and mms were mutagenic the mutagenic responses for bap aaf and mms included small colony mutants which have been shown to correlate with chromosomal mutation in the mla colonies ranged from approximately to mm in size the mutant frequency mf for the as cells treated with bap and aaf exceeded that previously reported for the mla by fold in contrast the mf for as cells treated with mms was onethird that reported in the mla the mf obtained in as cells exceeded that reported for the chohgprt mutation assay for all EDC mcr which produces almost entirely small colonies in the mla was negative in as cells as were the mla chromosomal mutagens am and bz however am and bz have only been reported mutagenic in the mla both are considered nongenotoxic and noncarcinogenic the results with the latter compounds suggest that the as assay is not as sensitive as the mla for the PCD of compounds identified as chromosomal mutagens | MEDAL |
lipids are fundamental components of cells in organisms recent studies reveal that lipids are also present in cellfree bioadhesives examples include barnacle cement sea star footprints hairy and smooth pads of insects and gecko setae whether reliance on lipids is universal in bioadhesion is not known in the present T0 we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of lipids in mussel adhesion we extracted identified and localized lipids in the byssal threads the lipids were confirmed as fatty acids by gas chromatograpy mass spectrometry δc measurements of the fatty acids in the byssus were also conducted results show that byssal fatty acids with concentrations ranging from mg g by thread dry weight depending on the mussel species are localized both on the surface of and inside the byssal thread and plaque over half of the fatty acids were loosely attached to the surface while a small portion were tightly bound to the byssus most of the surface fatty acids disappear within a week of thread deposition δc values of byssal fatty acids show isotope fractionation suggesting that thread fatty acids are derived from the foot it is possible that fatty acids are key players in expelling water and preparing the substrate surface for adhesion using lipids in the adhesion process might be a common strategy for organisms in need of temporary or permanent attachment the process of lipid participation may be as important as adhesive components for developing more efficient manmade glues | MEDAL |
statin treatment markedly reduces the incidence of acute coronary events in patients with coronary atherosclerosis although imaging studies have indirectly shown the beneficial effects of statins on plaque morphology there has to our knowledge been no reported histologic comparison of the morphology of coronary PI in statintreated versus untreated patients who had substantial coronary artery atherosclerosis we retrospectively studied arterial sections from the native NF of patients who had experienced endstage ICM heart disease and subsequent CT of qualified patients study patients had received pretransplantation statin therapy and CP had not pathologic examination of each explanted heart confirmed PD disease and previous myocardial infarction in all patients diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in the T0 group the CG were similar in levels of total and MDA-LDL cholesterol and in the available number of arterial crosssections per patient all patients had plaques highgrade lesions were found in of crosssections in the control group and in in the T0 group p conversely the degree of inflammation was markedly lower in the study group lowgrade fibrous plaques occurred in of crosssections in the study group versus in the control group p the study group had significantly fewer highgrade plaques and more fibrous plaques than did the control group at the time of transplantation our findings show that statin therapy substantially enhances plaque stabilization we further suggest that reduction of PI inflammation is an important aspect of this stabilization | MEDAL |
estrogens can influence the survival STDP and function of many adult neurons many of these effects such as neurite outgrowth and increased dendritic spine density are mediated by changes in neuronal CSK architecture since NF-M proteins play a key role in the maintenance and remodeling of the neuronal CSK we postulated that changes in NF-L mrna may parallel some of the alterations in neuronal architecture which follow bilateral ovariectomy we measured NF-L mrna C2 using a ribonuclease RPA at two timepoints T3 ovariectomy in mature female rats one week after ovariectomy neurofilament light chain mrna C2 corrected for glucosephosphate dehydrogenase mrna did not differ from shamoperated animals in the five BB regions examined hypothalamus striatum hippocampus FC SC and OC four months OVX neurofilament light chain mrna C2 were similarly unchanged in the hypothalamus and striatum in contrast statistically significant increases in NF-L mrna expression were observed in the three regions receiving BF projections hippocampus FC SC and occipital cortex in situ hybridization demonstrated increases in NF-L chain mrna expression involving subpopulations of smaller medial septal SN there also appeared to be an increased number of larger septal SN following LT ovariectomy we propose that atrophic changes involving BF projection fibers are followed by compensatory axonal growth by other IN BF SN increased NF-L mrna expression and somatic hypertrophy in medial septal SN may both be reflective of the need to sustain an axonal network which is larger and more complex in contrast increased neurofilament light chain mrna expression observed in BF targets following longterm ovariectomy may be reflective of compensatory changes taking place in local SN | MEDAL |
to investigate the effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin and erythromycin on urinary isolates from patients with untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria | MEDAL |
gammapolyglutamic acid gammapga a hydrophilic and biodegradable polymer was chosen to modify chitosan matrices to produce a gammapgachitosan composite biomaterial three types of both dense and porous composite matrices containing different amounts of gammapga were fabricated chitosan and gammapga matrices were also prepared as controls fluorescence IF indicated that chitosan and gammapga were evenly distributed in the composite matrices sem micrographs showed that an interconnected porous structure with a pore size of microm was present in all porous matrices except the gammapga ones by increasing the percentage of gammapga from to the swelling ratio of the matrices was enhanced from to similarly the CA of the matrices decreased from degrees to degrees these data suggested that the surface hydrophilicity water absorption rate and swelling ratio were improved by adding gammapga to the matrices additionally the mechanical strength of the porous gammapgachitosan matrices was about higher than that of the unmodified chitosan matrices the composite matrices were also examined and found to be an appropriate environment for cell attachment and proliferation the cell density on the gammapgamodified matrices was almost triple that on the unmodified chitosan matrices on day in summary the gammapgachitosan composite matrices due to their better hydrophilic cytocompatible and mechanical properties are very promising biomaterials for tissue engineering applications | MEDAL |
pentachlorophenol pcp is an environmental pollutant of serious concern due to its high toxicity and long persistence property fast and sensitive PCD of pcp is therefore of great interest in this work carbon quantum dots qds are synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy uvvisnir spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy sem the carbon qds show SD and intensive electrogenerated chemiluminescence ecl in the presence of the coreactant so under the scanning potential of to v pcp reacts with the excited cË resulting in a decrease in ecl the PCD of trace level pcp is therefore achieved using the carbon qds and pt working electrode parameters that may affect the ecl intensity including the ph of solution ionic strength concentrations of coreactant and carbon qds are optimized under the optimal conditions a PCD limit of à g l is achieved with a linear range of pg l⼠μg l | MEDAL |
as part of a study of the genetics of floral adaptation and speciation in the mimulus guttatus species complex we constructed a genetic linkage map of an interspecific cross between m guttatus and m nasutus we genotyped an f mapping population n at aflp microsatellite and genebased markers and derived a framework map through repeated rounds of ordering and marker elimination the final framework map consists of marker loci on linkage groups with a total map length of cm kosambi genome length estimates cm indicate that this map provides thorough coverage of the hybrid genome an important consideration for qtl mapping nearly half of the markers in the full data set and on the framework map exhibited significant transmission ratio distortion alpha we localized a minimum of transmission ratio distorting loci trdls throughout the genome of which generate an excess of m guttatus alleles and a deficit of m nasutus alleles this pattern indicates that the transmission ratio distortion results from particular interactions between the heterospecific genomes and suggests that substantial genetic divergence has occurred between these mimulus species we discuss possible causes of the unequal representation of parental genomes in the f generation | MEDAL |
SVE sve is a common remediation technique for removing VOCs from unsaturated contaminated soils soil heterogeneities can however cause serious limitations to the applicability of sve due to air bypassing low permeable Az of the soil leading to diffusion limitation of the remediation to enhance removal from areas subject to diffusion limitation a new remediation technique pneumatic soil vapor extraction is proposed in contrast to traditional sve in which soil vapor is extracted continuously by a vacuum pump pneumatic sve is based on enforcing a CS of C1 pressure drops on the system to enhance the recovery from the lowpermeable Az the pneumatic sve technique was investigated in the laboratory using tce as a MM contaminant dlaboratory tank experiments were performed on homogeneous and heterogeneous sand packs the heterogeneous packs consisted of a fine sand lens surrounded by a coarser sand matrix as expected when using traditional sve the removal of tce from the low permeable lens was extremely slow and subject to DWI limitation in contrast when pneumatic venting was used removal rates increased by up to the enhanced removal was hypothesized to be attributed to mixing of the contality rates they often are associated with NEC and seldom correspond to idiopathic spontaneous intestinal perforation perforations upstream of an intestinal organic obstruction atresia or of a functionnal obstruction meconiumileus hirschsprung disease have been considered to be rare in preterm newborns we report a case of caecal perforation with a PP which occurred at days of life in a week gestational age infant that was treated by cecostomy there were no signs of necrotizing enterocolitis at days of life the preoperative CE T0 revealed a left colon transition zone suggesting a hirschsprung disease which was confirmed by rectal biopsies transanal pullthrough was performed there were no postoperative complication this case demonstrates that an isolated intestinal perforation in very PT newborn can reveal a hirschsprung disease especially if it occurs in the caecum | MEDAL |
pre and postconditioning describe mechanisms whereby short ICM periods protect an organ against a longer period of ischemia interestingly short ICM periods of a limb in itself harmless may increase the ischemia tolerance of remote organs eg the HR remote conditioning rc although several studies have shown reduced biomarker PR by rc a reduction of complications and improvement of patient outcome still has to be demonstrated atrial fibrillation af is one of the most common complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery cabg affecting of patients it is associated with increased mortality adverse cardiovascular events and prolonged inhospital stay we hypothesize that remote ICM pre andor postconditioning reduce the incidence of af following cabg and improve patient outcome | MEDAL |
a high proportion of micrococcus luteus cells in cultures which had been starved for to months lost the ability to grow and form colonies on agar plates but could be resuscitated from their dormancy by incubation in an appropriate liquid medium a s kaprelyants and d b kell appl environ microbiol we used flow cytometry and cell sorting to T0 populations of bacteria that had been starved for months these cells could be stained by the fluorescent lipophilic cation Rh but such IF was almost independent of metabolically generated SE in that it was not affected by uncouplers two populations could be distinguished one with a lower degree of rhodamine fluorescence a degree of fluorescence referred to as region a and containing approximately of the cells and one with a more elevated degree of fluorescence region b approximately of the cells subsequent incubation of starved cells in fresh medium in the presence of the antibiotic chloramphenicol to which m luteus is CS resulted in the transient appearance of cells actively accumulating Rh and fluorescing in region b and of larger cells exhibiting a yetgreater degree of fluorescence region c these more fluorescent cells accounted for as much as of the total population under conditions in which the viable and total counts were constant thus metabolic resuscitation of at least onehalf of the cells takes place under conditions in which cryptic growth cannot play any role sorting experiments revealed that the great majority of the viable cells in the starved population are concentrated in regions b and c and that the extent of rhodamine staining under conditions of starvation therefore reflects the physiological state of the cells PCS separation of these cells from cells in region a resulted in an increase of approximately fold in the viability of cells in regions b and c and of the population as a whole resuscitation of dormant cells in a mostprobablenumber CA in the presence of supernatant taken from growing m luteus revealed the resuscitation of cells from regions b and c but not from region a it is suggested that initially dormant resuscitable cells are concentrated in regions b and c | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to investigate whether sex season andor chronotype influence the sleep SMB of university students detailed data were collected on activityrest patterns by wrist actigraphy combined with diaries thirtyfour medical students female and male were monitored by actiwatch actometers for consecutive days in may and again in november the data of a modified horne and ostberg chronotype questionnaire which were collected from female and male medical school students surveyed in the spring and autumn over an eightyear period were evaluated actiwatch sleep analysis software was used to process the activity data with statistical analyses performed with anova we found no significant sexspecific differences in SE SOL or actual sleeptime duration however we did find a difference in sleep efficiency between morning and evening types with morning types having a higher sleep efficiency sd than evening types sd p seasonal differences were also detected the actual sleeptime duration in autumn was significantly longer mean h sd h than in spring h sd h p evaluation of the chronotype questionnaire data showed that individuals with no special preference for morningness or eveningness ie socalled intermediates were most common the CSD of chronotypes was related to the sex of subject men displayed eveningness significantly more often than women males vs females p while females exhibited greater morningness females vs males p sex influences chronotype CSD but not actual sleep timeduration SOL or sleep efficiency the latter however differed among chronotypes while actual sleeptime duration was affected by season | MEDAL |
the objective was to identify climateric woman with cardiovasculary risk by the relation between size and weight known as corporal mass index seven hundred and ninety seven PM patients were studied they attended the ceclimen with one or two years of spontaneous menopause and they were not receiving nor had received replacement HT rht in all of them clinical PH was taken and blood pressure weight size and corporal mass index cmi weightsize were evaluated considering normal weight when cmi was or and obesity when this index was greater than fastening and postprandial glucose at two hours sing freshly isolated adult rat HCs to vasopressin angiotensin ii norepinephrine in the presence of the betaadrenoceptor blocker timolol or pgf alpha and examined both acute responses and the subsequent dna synthesis when the cells were grown in monolayer SC all the agonists elevated the level of inositol trisphosphate insp and enhanced the dna synthesis amplifying the response to epidermal growth factor egf and this comitogenic effect could be exerted by a single SE of the cells h prior to the addition of egf the acute activation of piplc measured as the early rise peak s in insp was fold with vasopressin or angiotensin ii fold with norepinephrine and approximately fold with FP for all the agonists a rise in cytosolic free ca in of the cells and a maximal increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity were evoked at concentrations that approximately doubled the level of insp however the growthstimulatory effects of these agonists showed a different order of tau as compared to the activation of piplc in terms of the maximal stimulation of dna synthesis the effects were norepinephrine approximately pgf alpha angiotensin ii vasopressin also norepinephrine FP and angiotensin ii but not vasopressin further enhanced the dna synthesis when their concentrations were increased above those yielding maximal elevation of insp in experiments where vasopressin and angiotensin ii were combined their effects on the dna synthesis were additive while the insp responses were not the results show that the extent of the initial activation of piplc is not the determinant for the magnitude of the growth effects of camobilizing hormones in HCs this suggests either a that the proliferative response to these agents is determined by the activity of piplc at a later time or its integral over an D2 part of the prereplicative period rather than by the acute activation or b that additional piplcindependent mechanisms are required | MEDAL |
the subject of analysis was the data on and gz tolerance of civilian nonpilot applicants for cosmonauts men and women aged to gathered over the past years length of the centrifuge arm was meters and the total number of primary centrifuge runs was for nearly every second of the applicants acceleration at gz was an ordeal causing distinct vascular or coronary decompensation thus exhibited various combinations of brief visual disturbances tachycardia tachypnea and systolic arterial pressure in the shoulders in visual disturbances andor their precursors were combined with exaggerated cardiovascular functional parameters arrhythmia and serious vegetative disorders most of those who had failed to endure the first centrifugation were unable to improve g tolerance during next runs indeed they showed negative gtolerance dynamics g intolerance grew in significance or was exacerbated by new disorders and their combinations these results testify against SE of nonpilot applicants for cosmonauts to g during the primary medical screening | MEDAL |
neurones in the trigeminocervical complex are the major relay neurones for nociceptive afferent input from the meninges and cervical structures therefore they are the neural substrates of head pain this review highlights the importance of two basic mechanisms in headache physiology convergence of nociceptive afferents and sensitization of trigeminocervical neurones these physiologic findings have clinical correlates such as hypersensitivity and spread and referral of pain frequently seen in patients with primary HA such as migraine special reference is made to the influence of structures from the upper C2 spine in generating and contributing to migraine headaches the pathophysiology and functional relevance of these basic mechanisms to headaches is discussed in the context of recent experimental findings with regard to pain processing | MEDAL |
vitamin d deficiency is pandemic in industrialized countries due to lifestyle changes recent studies suggest that besides bonemetabolism vitamin d plays a central role in basic cell CF like multiplication differentiation and metabolism this may explain that low vitamin d levels represent a risk factor for several apparently different diseases such as L3 autoimmune neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases as well as diabetes OP and cancer accumulating evidences suggest that an adequate intake of vitamin d may significantly decrease prevalence and clinical outcome of these diseases estimated reduction of the economic burden might reach about percent through normalizing vitamin d C2 for these diseases however high doses of vitamin d monotherapy needs precaution for potential adverse effects and it should be substituted with the recommended doses of vitamin d in combination with synergistic vitamin a and omega fatty acids such as cod CL oil | MEDAL |
the present study investigated the in vivo hemocytic and hepatopancreatic response to vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus wssv i.t. in shrimp litopenaeus vannamei the proliferation of bacteria and virus in shrimp animal mortality total hemocyte counts thcs PO po activity respiratory burst and gene expression of immune factors associated with immune recognition lectin prophenoloxidase propo activation and the antimicroorganism lysozyme and AS oxygen defense response including respiratory burst cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase cmnsod and catalase cat were quantified shrimp death rate increased significantly and was timedependent after v parahaemolyticus or wssv i.t. the production of superoxide anion and the mRNA including lectin in hemocytes propo in the hepatopancreas lysozyme cmnsod and cat could be induced by i.t. with v parahaemolyticus and wssv the highest value of lysozyme was in the hemocytes with times at h greater expression than in the control group after wssv injection and times h greater than in the control group after v parahaemolyticus injection in the hepatopancreas cat expression showed a significant increase with up to times greater expression than in the control group at h postinjection with wssv and times greater expression than in the control group at h PI with v parahaemolyticus p however significant decreases in po activity and propo transcripts in hemocytes and lectin transcripts in the hepatopancreas were detected after v parahaemolyticus and wssv i.t. p the results suggest that lysozyme the antioxidase system and reactive oxygen species might play a crucial role in shrimp defense against bacterial and viral infection | MEDAL |
in SN calcium ca channels regulate a wide variety of functions ranging from synaptic transmission to gene expression they also induce neuroplastic changes that alter gene expression following psychostimulant administration ca channel blockers have been considered as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of methamphetamine meth dependence because of their ability to reduce drug craving among meth users here we studied the effects of meth SE on Kv ca channels using shsyy cells as a MM of DA SN we found that meth has different short and LT effects a shortterm effect involves immediate min direct inhibition of ca ion movements through ICa longer SE to meth min or h selectively upregulates the expression of only the cacnac gene thus increasing the number of ltype ca channels this upregulation of cacnac is associated with the expression of the campresponsive elementbinding protein creb a known regulator of cacnac gene expression and the myc gene which encodes a transcription factor that putatively binds to a site PT to the cacnac gene TIS the shortterm inhibition of ca ion movement and later the upregulation of ca channel mRNA together suggest the T0 of campresponsive elementbinding protein and cmycmediated mechanisms to compensate for ca channel inhibition by meth increased ca current density and subsequent increased intracellular ca may contribute to the neurodegeneration accompanying chronic meth abuse methamphetamine meth SE has both short and LT effects acutely methamphetamine directly inhibits voltagegated calcium channels chronically neurons compensate by upregulating the ltype ca channel gene cacnac this compensatory mechanism is mediated by transcription AF cmyc and creb in which creb is linked to the dopamine d receptor signaling pathway these findings suggest ca mediated neurotoxicity owing to overexpression of calcium channels | MEDAL |
while the hypothalamus is fundamental for sleep and circadian regulation the molecular mechanism involved are poorly understood we have used a DGE technique to identify hypothalamic genes which have altered expression in rat sleep periods complex cdna probes from rat hypothalami removed at zeitgeber times and were hybridised to rat BB cdna library girds from differentially expressed clones six were further analysed and two were confirmed to exhibit increased expression at zeitgeber time a RNA blot hybridization of BB heart kidney lung testis and skin mrna showed that both clones were BB TPS therefore we have identified two novel brain specific diurnally expressed hypothalamic genes both genes may have roles in sleep or circadian regulation | MEDAL |
changes in the extracellular concentration of potassium k in response to photic stimulation were studied in the skate retina with the aid of ionselective electrodes the results confirm earlier studies in demonstrating that the lightevoked changes originate at three intraretinal CS an efflux of k was recorded in the regions of the two plexiform synaptic layers whereas a decrease in k occurred in the extracellular space surrounding the photoreceptors prolonged illumination induced longterm alterations in the levels of k which depending upon the retinal depth of the recording electrode contained contributions from the various sinks and sources of k in addition the marked undershoot of the baseline level of k that followed termination of the stimulus suggested the activity of a metabolically driven process for the uptake of extracellular potassium | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to assess the role of in vivo confocal microscopy in cases of fungal keratitis presenting with a deep stromal infiltrate | MEDAL |
it is generally accepted that the prothoracicotropic hormone ptth is the stimulator of ecdysteroidogenesis by PGs in larval insects in the present study we investigated activation of ecdysteroidogenesis by BI in prothoracic glands of the silkworm bombyx mori the results showed that the insulin stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis during a longterm incubation period and in a dosedependent manner in addition insulin also stimulated both dna synthesis and viability of PGs insulinstimulated ecdysteroidogenesis was blocked by either ly or WM indicating involvement of the phosphatidylinositol kinase pik signaling pathway activation of ecdysteroidogenesis by insulin appeared to be developmentally regulated moreover in vitro activation of ecdysteroidogenesis of prothoracic glands by insulin was also verified by in vivo experiments injection of insulin into day last instar larvae greatly increased both hemolymph ecdysteroid levels and ecdysteroidogenesis h after the ionstrate for the first time that mrg a chromatin regulator is important for proliferation and neural fate decision of npcs neuroepithelia from mrgdeficient embryonic BB are much thinner than those from control and apoptotic cells increase in this region we isolated npcs from mrgdeficient and wildtype embryonic whole brains and produced neurospheres to measure the selfrenewal and differentiation abilities of these cells in vitro neurospheres culture from mrgdeficient embryo grew less efficiently than those from wild type measurement of proliferation by means of brdu bromodeoxyuridine incorporation revealed that mrgdeficient npcs have reduced proliferation ability and AI cells do not increase during in vitro culture the reduced proliferation of mrgdeficient npcs most likely accounts for the thinner neuroepithelia in mrgdeficient embryonic BB moreover we also demonstrate mrgdeficient npcs are defective in differentiation into neurons in vitro our results demonstrate that mrg has more than one function in neurogenesis and defines a novel role for this chromatin regulator that integrates proliferation and cellfate determination in neurogenesis during development | MEDAL |
haemorrhage is a serious complication of PU disease it is an indication for urgent diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy which is at present the method of first choice all patients with GD peptic ulcer one who underwent endoscopy in ist department of surgery in bratislava between january and december were considered for retrospective study a total of patients male and female underwent urgent endoscopy with a finding in of patients with gastric ulcer and in patients duodenal ulcer the finding was forrest i in forrest ii in and forrest iii in patients endoscopic hemostasis was used in of patients a first haemorrhage was found in patients a recurrent one in patients of patients had positive PU history surgical treatment was indicated in cases when one was not controlled by endoscopic means or in cases of recurrent one within hours in patients | MEDAL |
an antiserum directed against the human form of corticotropinreleasing factor crf was utilized for immunohistochemical visualization of the distribution of this peptide in the inferior olivary nucleus and cerebellum of monkey species saimiri sciureus macaca fascicularis colchicine pretreatment was not used in both species immunoreactivity was evident in the vast majority of neurons in the IO nucleus with perikarya in the MAO exhibiting especially intense IF in cerebellum no labeled perikarya were present but immunoreactive axons exhibiting the morphological characteristics of CFs and their collaterals were observed in cortical and nuclear structures in the cortex most labeled axons were confined to the molecular and purkinje cell layers in the sagittal plane individual axonal arbors originated from thick isolated axons at the base of the molecular SL and repeatedly ramified as they extended toward the cortical surface in coronal sections only thin paired profiles were present labeled processes also formed efflorescences in the granular SL of cortex and were evident as highly arborized axons in cerebellar nuclei in each of these instances the labeled elements resembled CFs or their collaterals as visualized by other methods other labeled processes in the granular layer exhibited the morphological characteristics of mossy fiber axons immunoreactive climbingfiberlike axons were present in the molecular layer throughout the L1 regions of cerebellar SC however the most intensely labeled of these axons were strikingly clustered within particular regions and parasagittal domains in the vermis and intermediate zone intensely labeled axons were present only within parasagittal zones similar in location to those defined by climbing fiber innervation from the MAO intensely labeled axons were also densely but uniformly distributed within the uvula the medial region of the dorsal paraflocculus and the dorsal region of the pyramis areas that receive their climbing fiber input primarily from the medial accessory olive labeled SF were much less dense and were not clustered in the lateral hemispheres the present observation of crflike immunoreactivity in the monkey olivocerebellar pathway is compatible with the previous observation of crf mrna within olivary SN of rat baboon and human young et al and with recent immunohistochemical findings in rat sakanaka et al palkovits et al cat cummings et al kitahama et al sheep cummings et al and human powers et al abstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a preliminary T0 has been undertaken in order to investigate the suitability of a progesterone CA in BP for oestrus control and pregnancy diagnosis in the swamp buffalo bubalus bubalis progesterone was determined both by radioimmunoassay ria and by enzymeimmunoassay eia values obtained by eia were considerably lower than values obtained by ria this may be partly due to the fact that only ria values were corrected for procedural losses blood samples were taken on day day of insemination and on days and after insemination pi additional samples from pregnant animals were taken around day pi normal progesterone values during oestrus were lower than ngml and generally the same low values were found in case of nonpregnancy at days and pi Pr animals showed in all cases progesterone concentrations higher than ngml at days and as well as around day pi these preliminary results indicate that the analysis of progesterone in plasma may be suitable for fertility control in the swamp buffalo furthermore we suggest that a modified eia method can be used as a simple and rapid oestrus detection test under field conditions | MEDAL |
the knowledge of the first hyperpolarizability tensor elements of molecular groups is crucial for a quantitative interpretation of the sum frequency generation sfg activity of thin organic films at interfaces here the sfg response of the terminal methyl group of a dodecanethiol ddt monolayer has been interpreted on the basis of calculations performed at the density PET theory dft level of approximation in particular dft calculations have been carried out on three classes of models for the aliphatic chains the first class of models consists of aliphatic chains containing from to carbon atoms in which only one methyl group can freely vibrate while the rest of the chain is frozen by a strong overweight of its c and h atoms this enables us to localize the probed vibrational modes on the methyl group in the second class only one methyl group is frozen while the entire remaining chain is allowed to vibrate this enables us to analyse the influence of the aliphatic chain on the methyl stretching vibrations finally the dodecanethiol ddt molecule is considered for which the effects of two dielectrics ie nhexane and ndodecane are investigated moreover ddt calculations are also carried out by using different exchangecorrelation xc functionals in order to assess the dft approximations using the dft ir vectors and raman tensors the sfg spectrum of ddt has been simulated and the orientation of the methyl group has then been deduced and compared with that obtained using an analytical approach based on a bond additivity MM this analysis shows that when using dft molecular properties the predicted orientation of the terminal methyl group tends to converge as a function of the alkyl chain length and that the effects of the chain as well as of the dielectric environment are small instead a more significant difference is observed when comparing the dftbased results with those obtained from the analytical RPA thus indicating the importance of a quantum chemical description of the hyperpolarizability tensor elements of the methyl group | MEDAL |
the results of our recent microscopy studies clearly have demonstrated the constant presence of numerous metachromatic cells in healthy human gingival connective tissue despite the great number of studies on mast cell population in many human organs lung skin uterus and bowel at the present time few are the studies regarding the morphostructural aspects of mast cells in the human gingiva the aim of this study was to assess by transmission electron microscopy the presence of mast cells in the healthy human gingiva and to characterize the ultrastructural aspects of mast cells populations specimens of human gingival tissue were collected from patients with informed consent the samples were prepared for tem examination in all the ultrathin sections observed we detected numerous and ubiquitarious mast cells these exhibited several morphological types of cytoplasmic LG with characteristic subgranular architectural variety in shape and density this allowed us to divide mast cells into two CG cells with granules consisted of compact coiled scrolls fine granular material and latticegrafting configuration and cells containing LG with discrete scrolls formed by more con lamellae and particles did not colocalize with the intramembranous particles labeling was abolished by previous treatment of the parasites with phospholipase c from trypanosoma brucei which removes glycosylphosphatidyl inositol gpi anchored proteins these observations suggest that cruzipain and ssp are attached to the parasite surface via a gpi anchor | MEDAL |
individual country and CA sitespecific studies suggest that the ageadjusted incidence of many common cancers has increased in european populations over the past two decades to quantify the extent of these trends and the recent burden of CA here we present a comprehensive overview of trends in populationbased incidence of the five common cancers across europe derived from a new webbased portal of the EU cancer registries | MEDAL |
Thy growth sis followed by liquid chromatography ESI tandem mass spectrometry five protein spots showed significant differential expression p vitamin dbinding protein dbp was elevated in the csf of tle patients whereas cat d apolipoprotein j famc and superoxide dismutase sod were decreased in the csf of tle patients additional six protein spots presented only in the csf of epilepsy patients were identified as TN tn talin apolipoprotein e immunoglobulin lambda CS chain igl immunoglobulin kappa variable light chain igkv and PC cendopeptidase enhancer pcolce expression of dbp sod and talin was validated by western blot our results may provide better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and possible epilepsy biomarkers | MEDAL |
the effects of a BL microinjection of dihydroxytryptamine dht into the NG and aortic denervation on the daily amounts of sleepwake states were studied in rats both lesions produced an increase in PS and provoked the ON of PS episodes without slowwavesleep transition narcolepsylike PS episodes the increase in paradoxical sleep observed T3 dht injection was more important than that of the aortic denervation in addition both dhttreated and aorticdenervated animals exhibited a delayed decrease in slowwave sleep associated with an increase in wakefulness these results show that the peripheral messages coming from aortic serotonergic afferent MF to the nucleus TS play a modulatory role in the daily expression of PS in rats | MEDAL |
congenital or traumatic hernia complicating pregnancy is a rarity but death occurs in half of the cases complications RD intestinal obstruction are more frequent during the third trimester during delivery and in the postpartum hours in the asymptomatic patient surgery should be performed specially in the first and second trimesters during the third trimester fetal maturity should be watched and the defect should be repaired at the time of elective cesarean section active labor should be avoided because of the increased abdominal pressure produced during the expulsion period if an unexpected labor occurs forceps application if cesarean section could not be performed should be realised if signs of respiratory distress or of one arise at any time immediate repair should be undertaken regardless of the age of pregnancy an hernia operated before the pregnancy could recur during this one this is the case of the author il is possible that some DIA hernias no complicated during previous pregnancies could be aggravated without symptoms and are complicated during a further pregnancy | MEDAL |
the effect of urinastatin miraclid on the changes of IP lymphocyte subpopulations during the operation for malignancy was investigated ten urinastatintreated patients and twelve nontreated patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer under general anesthesia were studied IP lymphocyte subpopulations were measured before and during operation employing two color analysis utilizing two kinds of monoclonal antibody such as leua and leu leua and leu or leu and hladr with this analysis it was possible to classify IP lymphocytes into helper t cells inducer t cells cytotoxic TA Ts cells and b cells decrease in inducer t cells increase in Ts cells and decrease in B1 were observed in the nonurinastatintreated group during the T0 furthermore decrease in oktokt leualeua ratio was demonstrated but these changes were inhibited in the urinastatintreated group this result suggests that the administration of urinastatin improves immunosuppressive state during T0 | MEDAL |
herpes viruses such as cytomegalovirus cmv and epsteinbarr virus ebv very often occur in the nasopharynx a pathogenetic role of these viruses in immunoglobulin a nephropathy iga np is a challenging hypothesis since upper RTIs are frequently and closely related in time to the acute episodes of iga np however conflicting reports have been published in this field we compared the iga and igg antibody ab titres against cytomegalovirus cmv in sera of iganp patients with healthy controls the prevalence rates of cmviga and cmvigg ab were significantly higher in patients with iga np than in healthy controls cmviga titre p cmvigg titre p there was also a significant difference in the concentration of cmviga ab between iganp patients and controls iga np healthy controls mean sd p but not in the concentration of cmvigg ab between np patients and controls while examining patients with iga np and healthy controls a significantly elevated prevalence rate of iga ab against ebv CA antigen ebvvca was also detected in the sera of iga np patients vs controls titre p there was no significant difference in the prevalence of igg ab to ebvvca between patients with iga np and HCs except at titre p at a followup cmviga persisted in of and ebvvcaiga in of SP patients with iga np we could not detect virus antigens or virus dsDNA dna in the glomeruli of np patients either with IH using a monoclonal antibody or with the DISH techniqueabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
hyaline cartilage consists of sparse chondrocytes and abundant extracellular matrix there is a paucity of exp data in support of the notion of conceivable regional differences in the mechanical properties of chondral matrices upon visual differentiation of the pericellular and interterritorial matrices in each of fresh GP samples with TB and alizarin red labels nanoindentation was applied separately to the pericellular matrix and interterritorial matrix to using fluidphase atomic force microscopy and realtime imaging the interterritorial matrix demonstrated elongated parallel ridges whereas the PCM showed irregular shortrange elevations with characteristic pores and canals analysis of surface contours at nm scan size revealed that the interterritorial matrix had significantly greater surface roughness nm meanse than the pericellular matrix nm p the average youngs modulus of the interterritorial matrix was kpa significantly greater than the PCM kpa p thus the interterritorial matrix appears to possess not only distinct microtopographic contours in comparison with the pericellular matrix but also significantly greater mechanical stiffness these distinctive nanostructural and nanomechanical properties may have implications in nutrient DWI and fluid dynamics both of which are of vital importance for cartilage health and CF | MEDAL |
dna and rna fractions from whole blood serum and plasma are increasingly popular analytes that are currently under investigation for their utility in the diagnosis and staging of disease small noncoding ribonucleic acids srnas specifically micrornas mirnas and their variant isoforms isomirs and tRNA trnaderived small rnas tdrs comprise a repertoire of molecules particularly promising in this regard | MEDAL |
syntrophomonas wolfei subsp wolfei grew poorly in a DM with crotonate as the SE source in the absence of rumen fluid thiamine lipoic acid biotin cyanocobalamin and paraaminobenzoic acid were required for growth comparable to that obtained with the rumen fluidbased medium iron and cobalt were also required for the growth of s wolfei in the chemically DM | MEDAL |
of patients with behçets disease seen in five years at the mayo clinic seven had CE nervous system involvement the mean interval from onset of behçets disease to CNS system involvement was years and the mean period of observation thereafter was years all patients had HA and fever during or preceding exacerbations of the central NS disease and all had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis WG cell counts ranged from to mm with predominant lymphocytosis the mean CSF fluid protein level was mgdl and gamma AHG was less than per cent in six patients results of CSF fluid lesional and serologic studies for bacterial fungal and viral agents were negative clinical findings included corticospinal tract disease five patients cerebellar ataxia four patients pseudobulbar palsy three patients and transient ocular palsies three patients all these occurred in concert with the systemic phases especially aphthosis corticosteroid therapy was used in six patients cyclophosphamide therapy in two and azathioprine therapy in two the neurologic manifestations tended to recur when dosages of the drugs were lowered and established CNS system damage could not be reversed the case histories suggest that CS when used promptly and in sufficient dosage up to mg prednisone are effective in reducing or preventing progression of CNS system disease three patients died one from pneumocystis carinii infection one from neurologic disease and another from presumed myocardial infarction the CNS system involvement in behçets disease should be diagnosed earlier and it can be if attention is given to other systemic criteria that is aphthous stomatitis aphthous genital lesions cutaneous vasculitis uveitis and synovitis | MEDAL |
excited state lifetimes of hypoxanthine and four methylxanthine compounds paraxanthine theophylline theobromine and caffeine were studied by fs transient absorption spectroscopy in aqueous and acetonitrile solution TA signals recorded at visible and uv probe wavelengths reveal that internal conversion from the photoexcited state to the electronic ground state takes place in water on the hundreds of femtoseconds time scale excitedstate EC50 occurs approximately threefold more slowly in acetonitrile solution than in water structural considerations suggest that the deactivating conical intersection for the methylxanthines differs from that responsible for nonradiative decay by hypoxanthine adenine and guanine all compounds studied have ultrashort excited state lifetimes similar to those of adenine and guanine suggesting that these xanthine derivatives could have been photostable building blocks in prebiotic environments exposed to intense uv radiation | MEDAL |
the mechanism whereby noncognate contact with activated ilproducing type helper TA th induces b cell activation was examined small resting b cells from cb mice were cultured in the absence of any ligand for surface ig with irradiated cells of the haptenspecific cbaderived f th clone ed in f antit cell receptor vbeta coated microwells this induced polyclonal b cell activation to enter Tc thymidine incorporation at days and to secrete immunoglobulin at days an antiil mab sb inhibited antibody production completely antiil did not inhibit either lpsinduced b cell responses or t cell activation measured as il secretion antiil receptor antitac mabs also inhibited tdependent b cell responses without affecting lps responses an antiifngamma mab partially inhibited ig secretion without affecting entry into cycle lps responses or t cell activation other antibodies antiil il il thy cd were not inhibitory T3 days of culture with factivated TA B1 appeared to have become responsive to il in that they could be driven to immunoglobulin production by the addition of il flow cytometry showed no expression by these B1 of kda tac il receptors also rigorous removal of TA from day cocultures prevented the response to il and readdition of t cells restored it because the reconstituted responses were inhibited both by antiil and by antitac il must have acted indirectly via the TA that were present in these cultures continued contact with t cells was therefore necessary for the progression of B1 to antibody secretion | MEDAL |
there are now a large number of experiments demonstrating that IP administration of exogenous cholecystokinin or its synthetic analogue cck reduces meal size in a number of species the peptide interacts with other AF which influence satiety and treatments thought to be effective in eliciting secretion of cholecystokinin have predictable effects on MS cholecystokinin is ERP in the ob/ob zucker rat obese rats with lesions of the VMH and subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats somatostatin and bombesin are also reasonable candidates for satiety AF intraperitoneal naloxone reduces meal size in rats and betaendorphin injected intraventricularly causes an increase in MS of over T2 we conclude that cholecystokinin and bombesin may interact in weight regulation and control of meal time food NI | MEDAL |
phthalate esters are a widely used class of waterinsoluble organic chemicals the adverse effects of diethylhexyl phthalate dehp were chiefly studied in animals while their potential toxicity to humans has not been properly evaluated it was hypothesized that the effect of dehp on human cells depends on the concentration and this study examined the effects of different concentrations of dehp on cell growth in cultured human keratinocytes nctc together with the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors ppars in mediating the effects after SE to dehp the number of nctc cells in the monolayer decreased in a concentrationdependent and timedependent manner whereas the cells that were detached from the monolayer increased and died via necrosis the decrease of cell growth was confirmed by the inhibition of perk perk and changes in the cmyc protein content with regard to ppars the pparbeta protein content increased whereas pparalpha decreased to demonstrate the involvement of pparbeta in inhibiting cell growth the use of an AO against this receptor revealed the prevention of dehpinduced cell growth inhibition in addition the treatment of KCs with a TPS ligand of pparbeta l showed a concentrationdependent inhibition of cell growth as with dehp in conclusion the effect of dehp on human KCs is concentration dependent and this effect is mediated via ppars | MEDAL |
NK bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate PCS and biological properties for bone tissue regeneration it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition structure and properties of native bone nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment integrate desirable biological properties and provide controlled sequential delivery of multiple growth AF for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration this article reviews the composition structure and properties of advanced nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration it covers aspects of interest such as the biomimetic synthesis of bonelike nanocomposites guided bone regeneration from inert biomaterials and bioactive nanocomposites and nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration the design fabrication and in vitro and in vivo characterization of such nanocomposites are reviewed | MEDAL |
the primary objective of this work was to test whether increased blood levels and circulation lifetimes result in increased passive targeting of proteincoated liposomal drug carriers the system used to evaluate this was based on iv injection of nm of distearoyl phosphatidylcholinecholesterol liposomes with covalently bound streptavidin the circulation lifetime of these liposomes was increased by procedures that involved blockade of liposome uptake by phagocytic cells in the liver andor the incorporation of a PE glycolmodified phospholipid PE glycolmodified distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine blockade of liver phagocytic cells with a low predose mgkg of drug of liposomal doxorubicin increased the circulation halflife of the SA liposomes from less than hr to greater than hr a further fold increase in circulating halflife to approximately hr was achieved by using liposomes with mole of PE glycolmodified phosphatidylethanolamine in combination with res blockade the circulation lifetimes of PE glycolphosphatidylethanolamine containing streptavidin liposomes could be increased to greater than hr the ability of these liposomes to move from the plasma compartment to an extravascular compartment was measured by using the peritoneal cavity as a convenient accessible extravascular site the tendency for liposomes to accumulate in this site was not however clearly dependent on circulating blood levels comparable C2 of liposomes in the peritoneal cavity were achieved when using systems that exhibited significantly different circulation lifetimes | MEDAL |
the association of hmetenkephalin with synaptosomes isolated from rat BB cortex when incubated for min at degrees c follows a sigmoid path with a hill coefficient h IB of metenkephalin into synaptosomes was saturable with an apparent IB constant of nm at saturation metenkephalin TPS receptors corresponded to nmolmg synaptosomal protein the hill plot in combination with the biphasic nature of the curve to obtain the equilibrium constant showed a moderate degree of positive cooperativity in the binding of metenkephalin into synaptosomes of at least one class of high affinity TPS receptors metenkephalin increased the lipid fluidity of synaptosomal CM labelled with DPH dph as indicated by the steadystate fluorescence anisotropy ror arrheniustype plots of ror indicated that the lipid separation of the synaptosomal CM at degrees c was perturbed by metenkephalin such that the temperature was reduced to degrees c naloxone reversed the fluidizing effect of metenkephalin consistent with the receptormediated modulation of membrane fluidity naloxone alone had no effect on membrane fluidity no release and cgmp production by nosynthase nos and sGC sgc both located in the soluble fraction of synaptosomes synaptosol were decreased by and respectively after treatment of synaptosomes with metenkephalin m these effects were reversed by naloxone m which alone was ineffective in changing no and cgmp productionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma hcc remains a main detriment to LTS in CL transplants ltx for hcc the T0 aims to review the use of sorafenib in recurrent hcc ltx in the model end stage CL disease era two hundred fortyseven patients with hcc ltx from to were included survival was calculated by the kaplanmeier km method and cox multivariate model twentytwo patients recurred by km overall survival was months standard deviation sd months median months mean time to recurrence was months sd months median months nine patients were treated with sorafenib T3 recurrence median survival for sorafenibtreated patients was months compared with a median of months without sorafenib log likelihood ratio p by cox only sorafenib p hazard ratio and pathologic stage had a significant impact on survival the recurrence rates of hcc ltx remain acceptable considering undevigation in mice treated with fgs and fgsuvc the surgical resection bed was irradiated with jm uvc nm in the mice treated with fgsuvc the average residual tumor area after fgs n was significantly smaller than T3 bls only n ± mm and ± mm respectively p the bls treated mice had significantly reduced survival compared to fgs and fgsuvctreated mice for both RFS survival rfs p and p respectively and overall survival os p and p respectively fgsuvctreated mice had increased rfs and os compared to fgsonly treated mice p and p respectively with rfs lasting at least days indicating the animals were cured the results of the present study suggest that uvc irradiation in combination with fgs has clinical potential to increase survival | MEDAL |
in september pope francis visited philadelphia pennsylvania and led outdoor events over the course of days as a result the childrens hospital of philadelphia chop was faced with the challenge of planning for and responding to a mass gathering that was anticipated to be one of the largest in us history as a result of unprecedented traffic restrictions it was anticipated that patients staff and vendors would have severe challenges accessing the hospital along with impaired communications from widespread cell phone service disruption previous mass gatherings have proven a need for early detailed planning with multidisciplinary stakeholders but little has been published on the impact of mass gatherings on area hospitals this lack of data makes it difficult to predict the extent to which demand for hospital services would be increased and which services would be most affected early coordinated planning allowed chop leaders to delegate responsibilities to those with specific expertise prioritize needs prevent duplication of efforts and ensure engagement and accountability from key stakeholders emergency preparednessled efforts including housing almost employees for consecutive nights and assisting families with access allowed our hospital to maintain operations the planning strategies shared here will provide emergency preparedness planners with a blueprint for future mass gathering preparedness disaster med public health preparedness | MEDAL |
in the latest dutch national food consumption survey just over of subjects about persons claimed to be vegetarians however a much larger group or approximately million persons ate meat or once a week vegetarianism can be subdivided into lactovegetarianism a diet without meat and fish and veganism a diet without any animal foods whatsoever including dairy products and eggs a recent metaanalysis showed that vegetarians had a lower mortality from IHD than omniovorous subjects however cancer mortality and total mortality did not differ although a high consumption of red meat which is rich in haeme iron and saturated fat may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer this does not apply to WG meat and fish in fact the most important protective effect would seem to be derived from the consumption of unrefined vegetable products wholegrain cereals vegetables fruits nuts and legumes and fish in other words a prudent omnivorous diet with moderate amounts of animal products in which red meat is partly replaced by white meat and fish especially fatty fish together with the consumption of ample amounts of unrefined vegetable products is thought to be just as protective as a vegetarian diet on the other hand the omission of meat and fish from the diet increases the risk of nutritional deficiencies a vegan diet in particular leads to a strongly increased risk of deficiencies of vitamin b vitamin b and several minerals such as calcium iron and zinc however even a lactovegetarian diet produces an increased risk of deficiencies of vitamin b and possibly certain minerals such as iron data from the latest dutch food consumption survey suggest that of all inhabitants of the netherlands up to million persons actually have a vitamin b intake below recommended daily levels in medical practice the possibility of vitamin b deficiency in subjects consuming meat or fish or once a week deserves serious consideration in case of doubt DUE is indicated using CS and specific deficiency markers such as the levels of methylmalonic acid in plasma or urine alternative dietary sources of vitamin b instead of meat are fish especially fatty fish is a good source of vitamin b or a vitaminbsupplement | MEDAL |
we analyse the effect of contextuallevel social capital on health status in a sample of transitional countries of CE and south europe mongolia and the former soviet union for n contextuallevel social capital is conceptualized as countrylevel social trust while health status is conceptualized as selfrated health we use ordinary least squares and instrumental variable regressions to address endogeneity and especially to rule out reverse causality both instrumental VL and ordinary least squares regressions suggest a strong positive effect of countrylevel trust on health this finding is consistent for the whole sample as well as separate regional estimations | MEDAL |
amyloidogenic TTR attrrelated familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy fap is an autosomaldominant hereditary disease characterised by slowly progressive peripheral sensorimotor and AN and tissue involvement of the heart kidneys and CNS system secondary glaucoma has been reported following intraocular surgery but optic nerve involvement unrelated to glaucoma has not previously been described we reported a male patient in his late s when deceased who previously had a liver transplant in order to reduce the abnormal protein synthesis underlying his fap attr valmet mutation after years of ophthalmic followup bestcorrected VA was in his seeing eye which further had VF findings suggestive of optic neuropathy this was also the diagnosis underlying the preceding insidious full loss of vision in the fellow eye with colour doppler imaging to support an ischaemic aetiology to our knowledge this is the first report of ischaemic optic neuropathy in this familial amyloid disorder | MEDAL |
nephronophthisisrelated ciliopathies nphprc are a group of disorders that present with endstage renal failure in childhoodadolescence kidney cysts retinal degeneration and cerebellar hypoplasia one disorder that shares clinical features with nphprc is BBS bbs SD colon cancer antigen sdccag also known as nphp and bbs is an nphp gene that is also associated with bbs to better understand the pathomechanisms of nphp and bbs caused by loss of sdccag CF we characterized an sdccag mouse model sdccagtnsbtyrbcacove generated by SB transposon sbtmediated insertion mutagenesis consistent with the previously reported independent sdccag mouse models our mutant mice display preaxial polydactyly in their hind limbs in addition we report patterning defects in the AA palate brain abnormalities as well as neonatal lethality associated with developmental defects in the lung in our mouse MM the neonatal lethality phenotype is genetic background dependent and rescued by introducing ssvevtac BG genetic modifiers responsible for t particles of hydroxyapatite nanofibers BG microparticles or added rat bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells rmscs for bone regeneration in criticalsize rat calvarial defects Fn hydrogels were employed as a control material for the T0 mesdcc hydrogels exhibited sufficient rheological performance for material placement before crosslinking formula see text pa and sufficient compressive moduli postcrosslinking e kpa in vitro experiments suggested increased calcium deposition for cells seeded on the mesdcc material however in vivo bone regeneration was minimal in both mesdcc and Fn CG even with colloidal materials or added rmscs minimal bone regeneration in the mesdcc test groups may potentially be attributed to cartilage CMS T3 decellularization in which material signals may have degraded from enzymatic treatment looking to the future an improvement in the bioactivity of the material will be crucial to the success of bone regeneration strategies for tbi treatment | MEDAL |
dickkopf dkk family proteins are important regulators of wnt signaling pathways which play key roles in many essential biological processes here we report the first detailed structural and dynamics study of a fulllength mature dkk protein dkk residues including determination of the first atomicresolution structure for the NT cysteinerich domain crd conserved among dkk proteins we discovered that crd has significant structural homology to the dkk cterminal cysteinerich domain crd pointing to multiple gene duplication events during dkk family evolution we also show that dkk consists of two independent folded domains crd and crd joined by a highly flexible nonstructured linker similarly the nterminal region preceding crd and containing a highly conserved n | MEDAL |
temperature influences the SC adsorption of several topically applied EDC this T0 was designed to evaluate the influence of the temperature on the SC adsorption of uv filters the uv filters were solubilized in two vehicles an emulsion gel and petroleum jelly and applied at respectively and degrees c during min in vivo stratum corneum uv filter content was measured using the tape stripping method similar amounts of uv filter were detected in the stratum corneum when comparing applications at the different temperatures application of the uv filters in the w/o/w gel resulted in higher SC uv filter concentrations compared with application in the petroleum jelly the application temperature did not influence the SC adsorption of the tested uv filters while the nature of the VH significantly influenced the amount of uv filters recovered from the SC | MEDAL |
reactions of alkyl radicals with oxygen are key reactions in the lowtemperature oxidation of HCs but they have not been extensively studied yet in the case of cycloalkanes isomerizations of cycloalkylperoxy radicals and formation of cyclic ethers are especially important in the present work a theoretical T0 of the gasphase reactions of cyclopentylperoxy and cyclohexylperoxy radicals has been carried out by means of quantum chemical calculations at the cbsqb level computations on cyclopentylperoxy decomposition pathways are reported here for the first time thermochemical data have been obtained by means of isodesmic reactions and the contribution of hindered rotors has been explicitly taken into account transition state theory has been used to calculate rate constants for all the elementary reactions threeparameter arrhenius expressions have been derived in the temperature range k tunneling effects have been accounted for in the case of hatom transfers our results compare well with exp data and previous calculations available in the literature in particular the predicted rate constants for processes involving cyclohexylperoxy radicals which have been introduced in a reaction mechanism scheme proposed before exhibit excellent agreement with experiments at low and intermediate temperatures | MEDAL |
PFO has been noted after CT rarely is surgical intervention warranted in this communication we report a case of severe tricuspid regurgitation and paradoxical embolism secondary to a patent foramen ovale in a patient months after heart transplantation the patient underwent successful closure of the patent foramen ovale and TV replacement | MEDAL |
in order to generate potential chemical crosslinks for studying the chromophore binding site of bacteriorhodopsin and related helixbundle proteins mno was used to oxidize alltransretinals ring moiety the structures and solution conformations of three ringoxidized retinal analogues have been determined by using uvvisible absorption and h and c nmr spectroscopies primarily with regard to i the introduction of a PET group at the ring end of the chromophore ii the retention of the alltrans geometry of the polyenal side chain and iii the torsional angle of the ringpolyenal bond analyses of their uvvisible absorption spectral parameters lambda max epsilon max and vibrational fine structure and nmr spectral parameters hh coupling constants h and c nmr chemical shifts and h homonuclear overhauser effects indicated the oxo and the dehydrooxo derivatives both possess the twisted scis conformation adopted by most sixmembered ring analogues of retinal in solution or crystal however the alphadioxocyclopentenyl analogue exists in solution predominantly as the planar strans conformer similar to violerythrine chromophore analogues in order to identify the minor solution forms molecular modeling and geometry optimizations using the semiempirical molecular orbital method am defined two additional symmetryrelated minima at degrees in its cc torsional SE profile because the chromophores of bacterio and halorhodopsins and sensory rhodopsins are bound as the strans conformer harbison gs smith so pardoen ja courtin jml lugtenburg j herzfeld j mathies ra griffin rg biochemistry baselt dr fodor spa van der steen r lugtenburg j bogomolni ra mathies ra biophys j we suggest that the cyclopentenyl analogues alphadiketo CF may be favorably positioned within the IB pocket and sufficiently reactive toward nucleophilic attack to crosslink an arginine located in or near the ring end of the chromophore cavity arg according to the current model of bacteriorhodopsins tertiary structure henderson r baldwin jm ceska ta zemlin f beckmann e downing kh j mol biol or arg as postulated from an alternate model constructed primarily to accommodate the external point charge contribution to bacteriorhodopsins opsin shift | MEDAL |
the family of glutathione peroxidases encompasses as far three tetrameric glutathione peroxidases gpx and the monomeric phgpx although the overall homology between tetrameric enzymes and phgpx is less than a pronounced similarity has been detected on clusters involved in the AS site and a common catalytic triad selenocysteine glutamine and tryptophan has been defined by structural and kinetic data a L1 peculiar feature of the reaction catalyzed by phgpx is the possibility to accommodate large lipophilic substrates this accounts for the observed dramatic antiperoxidant effect and the synergism with vitamin e moreover the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides accounts also for the observed modulation of cycloxygenase and inhibition of lipoxygenase on the other hand structural and kinetic data indicate that also the specificity of phgpx for the donor ATP is not restricted to gsh and the recent observation the phgpx binds to TPS mitochondrial proteins from which it is released by ionic strength and thiols suggests a possible fole of this selenoenzyme in catalyzing the specific oxidation of protein thiols thus modulating the activity of cellular regulatory elements on this CS the selenium mojety of phgpx reacting much faster that thiols with a peroxide and then oxidizing specific protein thiols would channel the oxidation toward protein targets thus providing by proteinprotein interaction the specificity of the redox transition | MEDAL |
yvoa is a gntrhutc transcription regulator from bacillus subtilis implicated in the regulation of genes from the nacetylglucosaminedegrading pathway its a crystal structure reveals a homodimeric assembly with each monomer displaying a twodomain fold the CTD which binds the effector nacetylglucosaminephosphate adopts a chorismate lyase fold whereas the NTD contains a winged HTH dnabinding domain ITC and sitedirected mutagenesis revealed that the effectorbinding site in yvoa coincides with the active site of related chorismate lyase from escherichia coli the characterization of the dna and effectorbinding properties of teratoses fluorouracil available in a number of formulations offers patients the benefit of treating subclinical lesions and may help to improve the overall appearance of the skin in many cases ACT is a better treatment option than monotherapy the cases presented here demonstrate the use of topical fluorouracil cream as monotherapy and in conjunction with glycolic acid peels to treat facial actinic keratoses in two patients with extensive histories of prior AK and skin CA | MEDAL |
the effect of intracerebroventricular icv i.t. of synthetic rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide alpharanp on drinking SMB was studied in normotensive rats alpharanp or micrograms in microliter caused a dosedependent dipsogenic effect which was abated by icv pretreatment with saralasine micrograms in microliter these results suggest that alpharanp possesses dipsogenic effects in water repleted rats and that brain angiotensin is involved in addition our data indicate that at least as far as the effect of cerebral anp is concerned there are some differences between alpharanp and human atrial natriuretic polypeptide | MEDAL |
patients with barretts columnar lined lower CLO have severe acid gastrooesophageal reflux and may develop complications including ulceration stricture and carcinoma the aim of this study was to establish if a relationship exists between the ph profile in the oesophagus and stomach and the development of complications in patients with barretts columnar lined lower oesophagus twenty four hour ambulatory oesophageal EPM was performed in patients with barretts columnar lined lower oesophagus and combined with hour ambulatory gastric ph monitoring in ten of the with barretts columnar lined lower oesophagus had complications including stricture eight deep ulceration one and carcinoma one oesophageal acid SE time ph was similar in patients with or without complications v p oesophageal alkaline exposure time ph was greater in patients with complications v p of the patients who underwent gastric ph monitoring there was a clear relationship between gastric and oesophageal alkalinisation in these results support the hypothesis that complications in barretts columnar lined lower oesophagus develop in association with increased exposure of the CLO to an alkaline environment which appears to be AA to duodenogastric reflux the routine use of hour ambulatory gastric ph monitoring in conjunction with oesophageal ph monitoring can help identify those patients at risk | MEDAL |
the present study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of digoxin induced pharmacological preconditioning pp and its probable mechanism bilateral 2VO bcao of min followed by reperfusion for h was employed to produce ischemia and reperfusion ir induced cerebral injury in male swiss albino mice cerebral infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining SM was assessed using elevated plus maze test degree of motor incoordination was evaluated using inclined beam walking test rota rod test and lateral push test digoxin mgkg ip was po h before surgery in a separate group of animals to induce pp bcao followed by reperfusion produced significant rise in CI size along with impairment of memory and motor coordination digoxin treatment produced a significant decrease in CI size and reversal of ir induced impairment of memory and motor incoordination digoxin induced neuroprotective effect was abolished significantly by verapamil mgkg ip a ltype calcium channel blocker ruthenium red mgkg sc an intracellular ryanodine receptor blocker and dichlorobenzamil NCE inhibitor these findings indicate that digoxin preconditioning exerts a marked neuroprotective effect on the ischemic brain which is possibly linked to digitalis induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) eventually leading to the activation of calcium CS ST cascades | MEDAL |
cerebellar LT depression ltd at the parallel fiberpurkinje cell synapses has been proposed to be a neural substrate for CP eyeblink conditioning mutant mice lacking the glu receptor subunit δ glurδ in which the cerebellar ltd is disrupted exhibited a severe impairment in the delay eyeblink conditioning with a temporal overlap of cs and us however they learned normally trace and delay conditioning without csus overlap suggesting a learning mechanism which does not require the cerebellar ltdin the present T0 we tested possible involvement of the hippocampus in this cerebellar ltdindependent learning we examined effects of scopolamine and hippocampal lesion on the delay conditioning without csus overlap theglurδ mutant mice that received scopolamine or aspiration of the dorsalhippocampus together with its overlying SC exhibited a severe impairment in learning while the control mutant mice that received saline or aspiration of the overlying SC learned normally in contrast WT that received either treatment learned as normally as the control wildtype mice these results suggest that the hippocampus is essential in the cerebellar ltdindependent learning in the glurδ mutant mice indicating a newrole of hippocampus in the paradigm with a short trace interval | MEDAL |
the studies on radioimmunodetection of malignant melanoma reported are based on the use of the s monoclonal antibody against a high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen an igga isolated and characterized by ferrone et al the strategy followed by us to check the characteristics and the behaviour of this antibody and to verify its possible use in clinical praxis includes three CG of trials performed from to a pilot study was performed on patients with melanoma lesions a multicenter study was realized with the collaboration of italian NM centers on patients with lesions and prospective study performed on patients with suspected regional CL nodes involvements high sensitivity and specificity were obtained especially with the use of technetium compound which also allowed the attainment of very high predictive values of positive tests no adverse reactions were noticed | MEDAL |
a complex ultrasound examination makes it possible to tentatively differentiate a coronary fistula and recommend to perform coronary angiography the tentative diagnosis of coronary fistula can be made on the basis of a set of the following sings location of aneurysmally enlarged ostium and proximal segment of a coronary artery along with an intact CL one recording of abnormal turbulent systolic and diastolic blood flow in the aneurysmally enlarged PD the location of coronary distal segments and the site of the coronaryfistular shunt are a complicated problem that awaits further exploration | MEDAL |
pulmonary hypertension ph associated with imbalance in vasoactive mediators and massive CR of pulmonary vasculature represents a serious health complication despite the progress in treatment ph patients typically have poor prognoses with severely affected SQ of life asymmetric dimethyl arginine adma endogenous inhibitor of eNOS synthase enos also represents one of the critical regulators of pulmonary vascular functions the present T0 describes a novel mechanism of admainduced dysfunction in human pulmonary endothelial and smooth muscle cells the effect of adma was compared with wellestablished model of hypoxiainduced pulmonary V1 dysfunction it was discovered for the first time that adma induced the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription stat and stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor α hifα in both types of cells associated with drastic alternations in normal cellular functions eg nitric oxide production cell proliferationca concentration production of Th1 mediators and expression of enos ddah and icam additionally adma significantly enhanced the hypoxiamediated increase in the signaling cascades in summary increased adma may lead to manifestation of ph phenotype in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells via the stathifα cascade therefore this signaling pathway represents the potential pathway for future clinical interventions in ph | MEDAL |
epilepsy is a devastating disorder that impacts on patients quality of life irrespective of use of anti epileptic drugs aeds this study esm or containing gdl human albumin as control samples prionex was added to generate the same osmotic pressure as Al after h incubation the expressions of αfetoprotein afp p p and p were evaluated with RT pcr using total rna extracted from the liver protein expressions and the phosphorylation of rb retinoblastoma were determined by western blot analysis using total protein extracted from the CL for flow cytometric analysis of the Tc facs analysis was performed the percentages of cell cycle CSD were evaluated by pi staining and all samples were analyzed employing facscalibur bd with appropriate software modfit lt bd the cell proliferation CA was performed by counting cells with using a scepter handy automated cell counter millipore the mrna levels of afp relative to alb alb alb and prionex were ± p for alb and ± respectively the mrna levels of p were ± p for alb and p for prionex and ± respectively the mrna C2 of p were ± p for alb and prionex and ± respectively the protein expression levels of rb were similar in all culture media the phosphorylation of p and p of rb protein was reduced in alb more cells in the gg phase and fewer cells in s and gm phases were obtained in alb than in alb gg gm s alb alb prionex respectively the same results were obtained in hepg cell proliferation was inhibited in gdl Al medium in both hepg cells and hepb cells in h culture by counting cell numbers the presence of Al in SS reduces the phosphorylation of rb proteins and enhances the expression of p and p following an increase in the gg cell population and suppresses cell proliferation these results suggest that albumin itself suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma | MEDAL |
previous studies reported that many patients are at high risk for cardiovascular disease cvd despite achieving recommended MDA-LDL cholesterol ldlc C2 therefore we investigated whether the association between ldlc and the risk for incident cvd differed according to highdensity VLDL hdlc levels using coronary artery calcium score cacs progression as a surrogate marker for predicting cvd | MEDAL |
inactivation of the caenorhabditis elegans apcrelated gene apr has pointed at two separate functions of apr first apr is required for the migration of epithelial cells during morphogenesis of the embryo in this process apr may act in a cadherinalphacateninbetacatenin complex as a component of adherens junctions second apr is required for hox gene expression most likely by positively regulating the activity of the wingless signaling pathway during embryogenesis apr is required for the expression of ceh labial in anterior seam and muscle cells and during larval OD apr is necessary for the expression of lin deformed in the vulval precursor cells thus apr may positively regulate the activity of the betacateninarmadillorelated proteins hmp in migrating epithelial cells and bar in the VPCs | MEDAL |
pharmacological stimulation of brown AT bat thermogenesis to increase energy expenditure is progressively being pursued as a viable antiobesity strategy here we report that pharmacological activation of the cold receptor transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily m member trpm with agonist icilin mimics the metabolic benefits of cold exposure in dietinduced obese dio mice treatment with icilin enhances energy expenditure and decreases body weight without affecting food intake to further potentiate the thermogenic action profile of icilin and add complementary anorexigenic mechanisms we set out to identify pharmacological partners next to icilin to that end we specifically targeted nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nachr subtype alphabeta αβ which we had recognized as a potential regulator of energy homeostasis and gtical factor for maintaining redblood cell rbc viability especially during prolonged cold storage the target range of to °c was established decades ago and may no longer be optimal for current bloodbanking practices | MEDAL |
three primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines were established from primary and M1 lesions of patients with malignant melanoma comparison of M1 melanoma cells with cells of the vertical growth phase vgp or late primary melanoma from the same individual revealed generally a shorter populationdoubling time growth to a higher cell density higher tyr activity and more pigmentation in metastatic cells conversely primary and metastatic melanoma cells had similar morphology plating efficiency and tumorigenicity in nude mice karyotypic analysis revealed clonality and nonrandom CA in chromosomes and in cells of the primary and M1 lesions of the patients studied few differences were found in the expression of melanomaassociated antigens on shortterm and LT cultured cells by tests with monoclonal antibodies in mixed HAD assays FC and radioimmunoassays our results indicate that cells cultured from the vgp but not from the radial growth phase of primary melanoma are similar to M1 melanoma cells | MEDAL |
action potentials and afterpotentials were recorded with a microelectrode inserted into lizard motor axons within a few millimeters of their motor terminals in the presence of mm aminopyridine ap the duration of the action potential recorded near motor terminals was casensitive repolarization was more rapid when bath ca was elevated and became slower when bath ca was removed or when mm mn was added repolarization was also slowed following addition of nm charybdotoxin or microm tetraethylammonium tea to the bath and following intraaxonal injection of the ca buffer bapta these results in PA with published extracellular recordings indicate that the motor nerve terminal membrane contains rapidly activating caactivated k channels when these and other k channels were blocked by mm tea the action potential recorded near motor terminals was followed by cadependent depolarizing afterpotentials followed in turn by a slow hyperpolarizing afterpotential hap that lasted several seconds this slow hap was also casensitive it became larger with increasing bath ca and was abolished by removal of bath ca and by addition of mm mn intraaxonal injection of bapta reduced the amplitude of the slow hap and prolonged i.v. promoted repetitive discharge the slow hap following single action potentials was observed in microm ouabain and in kfree solutions and thus is pharmacologically distinct from the hyperpolarization that follows TS the slow hap was selectively inhibited by nm apamin but persisted in nm charybdotoxin this afterpotential was enhanced by mm ap and by the dihydropyridine bay k microm these results suggest thats suggest that aging influences both retinal and central visual pathways aging differentially affected the visual CEP second and fourth harmonic responses suggesting different neuronal origins for these components | MEDAL |
the epidermal growth factor family egf has been suggested to influence the sensitivity to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy we examined the rho between circulating levels of the epidermal growth AF amphiregulin and transforming growth factorα tgfα and the met ligand hepatocyte growth factor and sensitivity to the antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody in colorectal CA crc patients | MEDAL |
opioid is a popular drug of abuse and addiction we evaluated AP as a nonpharmacological treatment with a focus on managing withdrawal symptoms electrical stimulation at a low frequency hz accelerates endorphin and encephalin production highfrequency stimulation hz upregulates the dynorphin level that in turn suppresses withdrawal at the spinal level the effect of hz electroacupuncture may be associated with brainderived neurotrophic factor activation at the VP tegmental area downregulation of camp response elementbinding protein and enhanced dynorphin synthesis in the spinal cord PAG and hypothalamus PCTs of acupuncture for the management of different withdrawal PS were reviewed the potential of acupuncture to allay opioidassociated depression and anxiety and its possible use as an adjuvant treatment were evident a lack of effect was indicated for opioid craving most studies were hampered by inadequate reporting details and heterogeneity thus future welldesigned studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of acupuncture in opioid addiction treatment | MEDAL |
between and splenectomies for hematologic diseases were performed at the ucla medical center of these operations more than were performed for therapeutic reasons to control anemia thrombocytopenia neutropenia or painful PS of splenomegaly of the patients who had ITP showed an excellent response and of the patients who had hereditary spherocytosis responded other diseases with predictably good response rates were autoimmune hemolytic anemias feltys syndrome and hairy cell one forty patients with hodgkins disease had splenectomies for diagnostic purposes the last years the overall morbidity and mortality were and respectively the most common complications being pneumonia wound infections and local postoperative one and the most common cause of death being sepsis the review supports the thesis that in carefully selected patients therapeutic splenectomy can have desirable palliative effects and that diaitis a disease with an illdefined mechanism of pathogenesis many reports have suggested an immunologic mechanism a number of laboratories have demonstrated a nonantibodymediated activation of the complement cascade this T0 was undertaken to define the pathway of the complement consumption induced by m faeni we utilized an extract of m faeni grown on synthetic media rather than the more common double dialysis extracts complement consumption by this extract was easily demonstrable in the absence of detectable antibody but was inhibited by edta and mgegta with the exception f c all of the early components of the CP were markedly reduced following incubation of normal human SS with this extract c was poorly consumed in addition factor b conversion to b was not inhibited by mm mgegta suggests that the AP may also be affected the generation of m faenidependent chemotactic AF from SS demonstrates that the complement cascade is being G1 rather than inhibited | MEDAL |
there is abundant epidemiological and clinical evidence showing that lightmoderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of coronary HR disease chd total and ischaemic stroke and total mortality in middleaged and elderly men and women the epidemiological evidence suggests a j or ushaped relationship between alcohol and chd however the apparent benefits of moderate drinking on chd mortality are offset at higher drinking C2 by increasing risk of death from other types of heart diseases cardiomyopathy arrhythmia etc neurological disorders CA CL cirrhosis and traffic accidents the plausible mechanisms for the putative cardioprotective effects include increased C2 of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol decreased C2 of MDA-LDL cholesterol prevention of clot formation reduction in PLT aggregation and lowering of plasma apolipoproteina concentration thus alcohol reduces the risk of coronary V1 diseases both by inhibiting the formation of atheroma and decreasing the rate of blood coagulation | MEDAL |
the coexistence of two lamellar liquid crystalline phases has been investigated by means of MC simulations the surfaces of the negatively charged bilayers formed by the surfactant molecules are modeled as planar infinite walls with a uniform surface charge density water is treated as a dielectric continuum and only electrostatic interactions are considered the counterions are mono and divalent point ions and their ratio is allowed to vary monovalent counterions lead to a repulsive OP at all separations while an attractive region exists when the counterions are divalent in the latter case one would expect a phase separation to take place although it is not observed experimentally due to the limited stability of the lamellar phase at high water content in a system with mixed counterions however the osmotic pressure exhibits a van der waals loop under such conditions that two phases can coexist a phase diagram is constructed and the PA with experimental data is excellent | MEDAL |
the perspective of the medical director of a large public mental health agency is provided regarding how to close the gap between what we know and what we do in mental health care tools for change actions required and key actors are identified the author believes the moment is propitious for improving care systemically | MEDAL |
a novel rat RII system was created by using the escherichia coli lac repressor the lac repressor was converted into a mammalian transcriptional activator by modifying the lac repressor coding region to include a nuclear localization signal from the simian virus sv large RT antigen and the transcription activation domain from the herpes simplex virus type virion protein the lac AP-1 lap fusions were potent activators of several promoters containing lac operator sequences positioned either upstream or downstream of the transcription unit a single lac operator allowed for transactivation whereas multiple operators acted synergistically when separated by a small distance promoters containing or operator sequences were induced at least fold in response to lap reaching levels of activity to times greater than that of the sv Pe in hela cells activation was strongly inhibited by isopropylbetadthiogalactoside iptg indicating that lap retained the functions needed for allosteric regulation lap was bifunctional also acting as a repressor of expression of an sv promoter containing an operator immediately downstream of the tata box finally genetic selection schemes were developed such that lapexpressing cell lines can be generated at VHF from either established or primary cells in SC | MEDAL |
the present T0 was undertaken to investigate the effect of clonidine administration to opiatedependent guineapigs T3 morphine withdrawal on subsequent twitch responses of the longitudinal musclemyenteric plexus preparations to EFS the results indicate that clonidine po immediately after morphine removal causes tolerance to the inhibition exerted by opioid and alpha adrenoceptor agonists on the electricallyevoked twitches such a finding suggests that the mechanism of action of clonidine involves not only its wellknown effects on locus coeruleus neurons but also that it has specific actions on the myenteric plexus this work shows the existence of interactions between opioid and alpha AR on the cholinergic SN present in the isolated ileum | MEDAL |
neurones dissociated from rana pipiens paravertebral SG were studied by means of the wholecell patchclamp technique responses to agonists were best recorded when cAMP was included in the patch pipette two populations of cells were identified on the basis of size input capacitance cin and the presence or absence of a fast transient outward current acurrent ia this current was usually present in the C1 cells cin pf n but absent from small cells cin pf n both cell types exhibited a slowly activating noninactivating k current mcurrent im which was suppressed by luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone lhrh microm threshold for activation of im was about mv halfmaximal activation was at mv and the mconductance gm increased efold for at mv NC in membrane potential the maximum value for im studied in C1 cells by patchclamp procedures was less than na more mchannels were available per unit membrane area in the small cells gm micros cm than in the C1 cells gm micros cm time constants for im deactivation at mv were faster in the large cells ms n than in the small cells ms n muscarine microm produced inward current in the C1 cells as a result of im suppression in of the C1 cells some of the mchannels were also CS to adrenaline microm in a few large cells less than adrenaline produced outward current by increasing im muscarine failed to effect im in the small cells and instead produced an inwardly rectifying k current which activated within ms at mv the outward current produced in twenty out of thirtyseven small cells by adrenaline was occluded by that produced by muscarine suggesting that both agonists affect the same k channels inclusion of the protein kinase inhibitors isoquinolinylsulphonylmethyl piperazine h microm or gold sodium thiomalate gst microm in the pipette solution failed to antagonize either muscarineinduced current both currents were prolonged when the internal solution contained gtpgammas microm phorbolmyristateacetate pma microm produced an inward current as a result of im suppression in both small and large cellsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
CMT type cmt disease or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type i hmsni is an AD IP neuropathy in most cmt families the disease cosegregates with a mb duplication on chromosome p cmta a few patients have been found with mutations in the peripheral myelin protein pmp gene located in the cmta region in other families mutations have been identified in the L1 IP myelin protein p gene localized on chromosome qq cmtb we performed a rapid mutation screening of the pmp and p genes in nonduplicated cmt patients by singlestrand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing of genomic dna six new single base changes in the p gene were observed two missense mutations in respectively exons and two nonsense mutations in exon and two silent mutations or polymorphisms in respectively exons and | MEDAL |
the o reaction and the reverse electron transfer of the thermophilic caa terminal oxidase of bacillus stearothermophilus have been studied by laser flashphotolysis the results show that both reactions although studied at a temperature of degreesc far from the optimal temperature of degreesc for caa follow a kinetic behavior essentially MZ to that observed with the electrostatic complex between rat cyt c and cyt c oxidase in the o reaction cyt a and cyt a are very quickly oxidized cyt a is then rereduced via cua whereas cyt c oxidation is apparently ratelimited by the oxidation of cua upon photodissociation of the mixed valenceco caa reverse electron transfer from the binuclear center to cyt a tau micros and cua tau micros is observed while cyt c is not reduced by any detectable level these results seem to rule out accounting for enzymatic thermophilicity by altered kinetics of intramolecular electron transfer involving the cyt center in the reduced configuration which is very fast on the basis of these results and previous data we propose that thermophilicity involves an increased activation barrier for the reduction of cyt acub in the configuration typical of the oxidized site | MEDAL |
we present clinical and pathologic data on four previously unreported FALS pedigrees and review and analyze by descriptive and exploratory statistical techniques all published cases of FALS in contrast to the agedependent incidence of sporadic als the age of onset of familial als is normally distributed about a mean of years std dev years survival curves for the FALS data also demonstrate a skewed CSD with a median survival time of months with surviving at months at months and surviving at months the patient characteristics of AAO of disease sex and focus of disease onset are unrelated variables and age at ON of disease is the only predictor of survival coxs proportional hazard model chisquare p by applying AFT models with a lognormal baseline CSD estimated probabilities for survival adjusted by age at onset were calculated it was found that the older the age at disease onset the shorter the survival | MEDAL |
the effect of nafenopin upon primary cultures of AD rat HCs has been investigated nafenopin treatment resulted in a proliferation of peroxisomes within the cultured cells this proliferation was the result of an increase in both the number and size of the peroxisomes NAF treatment also caused an increased level of thymidine incorporation into the cultures which was a consequence of replicative dna synthesis rather than dna repair finally nafenopin appeared to delay the appearance of gammaglutamyltranspeptidase activity within the cultured cells consequently three effects of nafenopin upon the CL were reproduced using monolayers of AD rat hepatocytes which suggests that this SC system may be useful to further investigate the molecular processes underlying peroxisome proliferation and their involvement in the hepatocarcinogenicity of PPs | MEDAL |
catheters were placed in the jugular vein and FA i.a. of SD rats and connected to a specially designed perfusor for continuous constant infusion of nacl and a syringe to perform simultaneous and intermittent blood collections this permitted continuous h T0 of renal hemodynamics estimated by in cin and paminohippuric acid cpah Cl cin represents glomerular filtration rate and cpah renal plasma flow animals were individually housed in metabolism cages in a controlled environment with L/D h urine was collected every h and and blood sampled at the Tm of urine collection periods urine and plasma sodium potassium inulin and pah were spectrophotometrically assessed during continuous infusion of isotonic saline cin exhibited circadian changes with C1 decrease between and h mlmin and acrophase at h rhythmicity in cpah was similar with the minimum between and h mlmin and peak between and h acrophase at h water and electrolyte excretion were also circadian rhythmic with a similar nighttime enhancement and daytime minimum such circadian changes persisted during continuous nacl infusion for several consecutive days the unanesthetized unrestrained rat MM enables investigations in renal chronopharmacology and chronotoxicology | MEDAL |
an application specific integrated circuit for the pressure and temperature measurement at the high temperature oil well bottom conditions is presented in this paper the circuit is mainly composed of three high performance automatic level controlled alc FEO circuits which drive three external crystals the CS elements as well as mixing and filtering stages the IC was successfully tested up to degrees c showing a frequency resolution of ppm psi for the pressure measurement and a drift of hzmonth psimonth concerning respectively the short and longterm measurement stability a drastic reduction of the whole measurement tool size and cost was then allowed by means of this application specific bicmos IC | MEDAL |
eeg and eps in the visual and parietal neocortical areas and the hippocampus were studied in freely behaving rats at the age of twothree months after antenatal hypoxia increase of spectral power in delta and theta bands and its decrease in alpha and beta bands in the BG eeg and in responses to a protracted light stimulation were observed in experimental animals in comparison to control ones the most pronounced changes were observed in the PC and hippocampus the character of changes in latencies and the share of individual ep components recorded point to an accelerated excitation reverberation in neuronal networks in response to afferent stimuli and to a prolongation of afterdischarges in the parietal SC and hippocampus testifying to peculiarity of information processing in these brain structures on the basis of other authors data certain parallelism is supposed to exist between the EP parameters in experimental animals and some groups of children with mental retardation | MEDAL |
we compared two implementation approaches for a health literacy diabetes intervention designed for community health centers | MEDAL |
problematic sexual behaviors are frequently encountered in the treatment of patients suffering dissociative identity disorder and related forms of dissociative disorders these may include unfortunate patterns of ready acquiescence or submission to overtly or potentially aggressive or sexual approachesencounters subtle andor overt seductive signaling and behaviors and even overt sexually provocative patterns of verbalizations and actions this paper discusses the possibility that in some instances sexual behavior has become weaponized that is deployed in circumstances under which assertiveness andor aggression or other selfprotective measures might be expected probably because such behaviors were not within the range of the possible or were not understood as potentially successful for some victims of trauma clinical manifestations are described and discussed an rat in which sexual behaviors substitute for aggressive behaviors is described a speculative hypothesis is offered postulating that in some cases such patterns in traumatized humans might represent an epigenetic response to exogenous trauma exploration of this MM may lead to improved understandings and approaches to trauma victims who manifest such behavior hopefully destigmatizing them further facilitating reduction of their shame and guilt and supporting their recoveries clinical interventions are suggested | MEDAL |
the CSD of nitric oxide synthase nos in the mouse olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium including the vomeronasal organ was studied using an antinos antibody nadph diaphorase histochemistry and in situ hybridization with nos specific AS oligonucleotide probes interneurons containing nos protein and mrna and exhibiting nadph diaphorase activity were detected in the plexiform SL of the main olfactory bulb and the granule cell SL of main and accessory OBs PG cells and granule cells in the main olfactory bulb were also nos positive with diaphorase and immunostaining for nos in contrast no evidence for nos expression was found either in the MOE or in the vomeronasal organ in spite of the strong diaphorase staining of the surface of the main olfactory epithelium PCR experiments for detection of nos mRNA further indicated that nos is expressed in the olfactory bulb but not in either the MOE or vomeronasal organ use of an antibody raised against another enzyme nadphp oxidoreductase showed that this protein was strongly expressed in the OE activity of this enzyme may account for the diaphorase histochemical IF of the epithelia an involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in signalling in or SN is therefore doubtful although nos is clearly expressed in neurons in both main and accessory OBs | MEDAL |
the involvement of phospholipids and in particular PPIs in cellular signalling has been documented in detail in the last years in addition to the plasma membrane localization also the nucleus is shown to be a site for both synthesis and hydrolysis of the phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol previous observation have established that the nucleus possesses a TPS plc for inositol lipids ie the plc beta isoform which undergoes rapid and transient activation after igfi stimulation of quiescent swiss TA and is downregulated T3 treatment of friend EL cells with dmso here we have reviewed i the potential of nuclear plc beta to be a target for anticancer drug ii the capability of this plc isoform when G1 by igfi to be a key signalling molecule in the onset of dna synthesis via dag generation and pkc alpha translocation to the nucleus iii the chromosome mapping of plc beta gene the differentiation program of friend cells can be activated by other agents besides dmso including TR an antitumor drug also capable of affecting the nuclear Ins lipid cycle tiazofurin induces a lowering of the activity of plc beta due to down regulation of this isoform as revealed by both WB and RNA blotting analyses using swiss t cells stably transformed with an AS plc beta construct the knockout of the plc beta gene induces both a loss of plc beta expression as determined by western blots and a loss of the mitogenic responsiveness to igfi these events show a direct relationship between nuclear plc beta evoked signals and igfi induced cell proliferation finally the assignment of the plc beta gene to the band q of rat chromosome paves the way for further genetic studies given the fact that the region where plc beta gene maps is a hot spot for genetic alterations in a number of experimentally induced rat PT taken as a whole these results assign a key role to the regulation of nuclear plc activity and expression both in growthfactor activated mitogenesis and in in vitro erythroid differentiation | MEDAL |
gp is a signaltransducing subunit of receptors for the interleukin ilrelated cytokine subfamily including il leukemia inhibitory factor OM il and ciliary neurotrophic factor indicating that gpmediated signals are involved in the immune response hematopoiesis inflammation and endocrine and nervous system activity we previously showed that gp stimulation rapidly activates jak btk and tec TKs all of which constitutively associate with gp to further elucidate intracellular signal transduction through gp we examined the possible involvement of another nonreceptor tyrosine kinase pcfes fes we showed that gp stimulation rapidly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of fes and actually activated its kinase activity in hematopoietic lineage cells furthermore fes associated with gp independently of ligand stimulation like jak btk and tec IMT kinases these results indicate that multiple nonreceptor tyrosine kinases are involved in the gpmediated signal transduction pathway because both gp and fes are expressed not only in hematopoietic lineage cells but also in HR and nerve cells fes may play a role in signal transduction through gp in these tissues | MEDAL |
in the present in vitro T0 we investigated the duration of action and antibacterial effects of nonautologous fibrin glue fg combined with antibiotics abs including ciprofloxacin teicoplanin cefoxitin and gentamicin the effect of fg CT on bacterial growth was also evaluated the rate of ab DWI from combined fgab clots was evaluated by separate elution with pooled human serum hs and normal saline ns supernatants were removed daily and assayed for AS concentrations of each ab the effects of fg and combined fgab clots on bacterial growth were evaluated by inoculating brainheart infusion bhi with staphylococcus aureus followed by the addition of fg or fgab clots a separate set of studies was also performed with the addition of mouse lung TH mlh as well the addition of ab to fg clots resulted in continuous diffusion of the ab into the surrounding HS or ns for up to to days however more than twothirds of the ab diffused out within to days regardless of the ab used the antibacterial effects of fgciprofloxacin and fgteicoplanin clots were significant compared to those of fg clots not containing ab in addition the presence of fg clots in bhi resulted in a reduction in bacterial growth compared to that of bhi CT the addition of mlh to bhi resulted in increased bacterial growth but this effect was inhibited by the presence of combined fgab clotsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
this T0 examined the impact of heat acclimation on improving exercise performance in cool and hot environments twelve trained cyclists performed tests of maximal aerobic SP vomax timetrial performance and lactate threshold in both cool °c relative humidity rh and hot °c rh environments before and T3 a day heat acclimation ⼠vomax in °c program the hot and cool condition vomax and LT tests were both preceded by either warm °c water or thermoneutral °c WI to induce hyperthermia °c or sustain normothermia respectively eight matched control subjects completed the same exercise tests in the same environments before and after days of identical exercise in a cool °c environment heat acclimation increased vomax by in cool ± vs ± ml·kg·min p and by in hot ± vs ± ml·kg·min p conditions heat acclimation improved timetrial performance by in cool ± vs ± kj p and by in hot ± vs ± kj p conditions HA increased power SO at lactate threshold by in cool ± vs ± wkg p and by in hot ± vs ± wkg p conditions heat acclimation increased plasma volume ± and maximal cardiac output in cool and hot conditions ± and ± respectively the control group had no changes in vomax timetrial performance LT or any physiological parameters these data demonstrate that heat acclimation improves AE performance in temperatecool conditions and provide the scientific basis for employing heat acclimation to augment physical training programs | MEDAL |
as the first biochemical step of olfactory reception and recognition odorant IB proteins obps have been demonstrated to be essential considering functional diversities of obps within a single species we here D2 the characterization of two other obps from spodoptera exigua belonging to insect classic obps with a combination of transcriptome and rapid amplification of cdna end race approaches two obp genes in s exigua were identified namely sexiobp and obp expression pattern analysis revealed that both of them exhibited a distinct expression DP where obp was broadly and highly expressed in several tissues including antennae of adults whereas obp was abundant only in the antennae of both sexes strongly indicative of olfactory roles further binding assays showed that the two sexiobps shared a common odorantresponse spectrum with considerable affinities to host odorants of acetophenone farnesol and βionone k | MEDAL |
the incidental finding of an unsuspected adrenal mass ranges from to in ABD ct series the optimal diagnostic approach to such masses is to diagnose malignant or sec tumors requiring excision and to otherwise avoid unnecessary surgery PCS examination generally contributes little a standard biochemical evaluation should include the measurement of hour urinary catecholamines and metanephrine UFC and plasma cortisol levels at am and pm combined with an overnight lowdose dexamethasone suppression test SK assay and determination of upright plasma aldosterone to plasma renin activity these tests will serve to screen for pheochromocytoma subclinical cushings syndrome and primary hyperaldosteronism respectively imaging characteristics suggestive of malignancy include size greater than cm heterogeneous lesion andor density greater than hounsfield units on ct scan slow enhancement with delayed washout T3 intravenous contrast i.t. on ct scan and slightly decreased signal intensity in out of phase fat suppressed mr acquisition fineneedle aspiration biopsy should be performed only if M1 is suspected adrenal scintigraphy with iodocholesterol may be useful where adenoma with subclinical cushings syndrome or solid tumor is suspected in summary the following strategy is recommended for the management of adrenal incidentalomas mass lesions larger than cm and hormonesecreting PT should be removed all nonsecreting adrenal incidentalomas smaller than cm in diameter should be followed by serial imaging at regular intervals and months and by endocrine reevaluation at one year | MEDAL |
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