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the authors examined the efficacy of ketoconazole in adults with treatmentrefractory L1 depressive disorder subjects participated in a week doubleblind placebocontrolled trial assessments of mood were made using the HRS for depression hamd the beck depression inventory bdi and the clinical global impression scale cgi results showed that none of eight patients randomly assigned to receive PL and two of eight patients randomly assigned to receive ketoconazole met criteria for response as a group patients assigned to receive ketoconazole showed no significant reductions in hamd bdi or cgi scores during the week trial compared with those receiving placebo these findings suggest a limited efficacy for ketoconazole in patients with treatmentrefractory L1 depression | MEDAL |
this experiment aimed to explore the effects of substance p sp on secretory otitis media som both immunohistochemistry abcgdn and image DP analysis technique were adopted to investigate the relation between sp content of som ME mucosa and middle ear effusion and observe the effect of SPR antagonist spantide and histamine h receptor blocker cimetidin on ME effusion the findings showed middle ear mucosa sp content tended to increase and had positive rho with ME effusion intraabdominally injecting mgml spantide and mgml cinetidin per day could have ME effusion decreased obviously but the quantities of reduction were more significant the results suggest that sp plays a role in som might accelerate vasodilation and increase the permeability of cupillary in ME mucosa mediated by histamine | MEDAL |
to determine the effect of indoleacetic acid iaa known as NK auxin on developing fetus Pr mice were injected with or mgkg on various gestation days days with the repeated treatment during days the fetal brains exhibited a reduction in size and weight in a dosedependent manner on day histopathologically hypoplasia of the cortical SP piriform cortex hippocampus and TH were observed from the single treatment on day during days the CS period of iaainduced microencephaly was found to be during days and the most significant response in the fetuses was seen on day or with the repeated treatment during days AI cells mainly increased in the medial and dorsal SL of the NE and prepalate with a reduction in cell density in the TEL diencephalon MES and metencephalon on day ppositve cells were detected associated with apoptotic cells in neuroepithelium therefore iaa administration to Pr mice induces apoptosis mediated by p in the embryos neuroepithelium decreases formation of neurons and leads to microencephaly in the fetuses | MEDAL |
ovariectomized ovx mice are known to gain body fat while SE to Es decreases fat mass we have previously shown that estrogen replacement therapy enhances the expression of receptors for the cytokine LIF lif lif and other cytokines acting via the gp signal transducing receptor have been reported to decrease obesity in the present study we investigated whether lif treatment can reduce obesity in ovx mice | MEDAL |
the crc protein is a global regulator that controls the hierarchical assimilation of carbon sources in pseudomonads by inhibiting expression of several catabolic pathways crc does not bind dna and its mechanism of action has remained elusive among other genes crc inhibits expression of alks the transcriptional activator of the pseudomonas putida oct plasmid alkane Kd pathway alks activates expression of its own gene in the presence of saturating alks C2 translational fusions of alks to the lacz reporter gene were responsive to crc but transcriptional fusions were not in translational fusions the first nt of alks mrna which includes up to position relative to the translation start site were sufficient to confer an efficient response to crc in vitro purified crc could bind specifically to an alks mrna fragment spanning positions to comprising the translation initiation region we have previously shown that crc has little effect on the stability of alks mrna we conclude that crc modulates alks C2 by IB to the TIR of alks mrna thereby inhibiting translation because alks is an unstable protein present in limiting amounts reducing its C2 leads to decreased expression of all genes in the pathway | MEDAL |
to investigate the effectiveness of a standard cardiac rehabilitation programme crp and an extended maintenance programme emp for patients with congestive heart failure chf | MEDAL |
to reach a european consensus on the definition and characterization of the main organspecific extraglandular manifestations in primary ss | MEDAL |
we have used a tobacco mosaic virusbased vector to express monoclonal antibody mab coa directed to a CC antigen in plants genes encoding heavy and CS chains of this antibody were introduced independently into the tobacco mosaic virus vector upon coinfection of nicotiana benthamiana plants with both recombinant virus constructs genes for heavy and light chains were expressed and assembled into a fulllength antibody a PET plantexpressed antibody was detected by elisa and immunoblot in extracts from systemically INF leaves this is the first report on the use of a plant virus vector to express and assemble a fullsize antibody | MEDAL |
the structure of denatured alphalactalbumin alphala has been characterized using the method of disulfide scrambling under denaturing conditions urea DTG hydrochloride DTG thiocyanate organic solvent or elevated temperature and in the presence of thiol initiator alphala denatures by shuffling its four native disulfide bonds and converts to a mixture of fully Ox scrambled structures analysis by RP-HPLC reveals that the denatured alphala comprises a minimum of fractions of scrambled isomers among them six well populated isomers have been isolated and structurally characterized their relative concentrations which represent the fingerprinting of the denatured alphala vary substantially under different denaturing conditions these results permit independent plotting of the denaturation and unfolding curves of alphala most importantly unique isomers of partially unfolded alphala were shown to populate at mild and selected denaturing conditions organic solvent disrupts preferentially the hydrophobic alphahelical domain generating a predominant isomer containing two native disulfide bonds at the betasheet domain and two scrambled disulfide bonds at the alphahelical region thermal denaturation selectively unfolds the betasheet domain of alphala producing a prevalent isomer that exhibits structural characteristics of the molten globule state of alphala | MEDAL |
three new aromatase inhibitors have recently completed phase iii DUE as treatment of MBC in postmenopausal women whose disease has progressed despite tamoxifen therapy anastrozole arimidex zeneca letrozole femara novartis and vorozole rivizor janssen all belong to the third generation of nonsteroidal AIs and each is superior to previous generations in terms of potency and selectivity the trials that have been performed compare each agent to MA and letrozole and vorozole to AMG although the studies are not directly comparable due to differing study designs and patient populations it has been demonstrated each of these drugs provides single agent oncedaily oral palliation of hormoneresponsive postmenopausal M1 breast cancer letrozole is clearly more ERP than megestrol acetate and anastrozole and vorozole are possibly so all three are better tolerated than the progestin particularly in terms of WG both letrozole and vorozole are significantly more ERP and better tolerated than aminoglutethimide overall this most recent generation of aromatase inhibitors is a clear improvement on our current standard secondline therapies in tamoxifen remains the first choice in the hormonal therapy of breast cancer following tamoxifen failure the optimal secondline hormonal therapy remains undefined but aminoglutethimide and megestrol acetate are no longer optimal therapy in this setting the thirdgeneration nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors must now be compared to each other to the steroidal aromatase inhibitors to the pure antioestrogens and to tamoxifen | MEDAL |
metalorganic frameworks mofs also known as coordination polymers have attracted extensive research interest in the past few decades due to their unique PCS structures and potentially vast applications in this review we outline the recent progress in the synthesis functionalization and applications of mofs in biomedicine mainly focusing on two promising yet challenging Az ie drug delivery and biosensing applications a major challenge is the proper functionalization of mofs with demanding properties suitable for biomedical applications extensive studies on mofs in biomedicine have led to substantial progress in the control of key properties of mofs such as toxicity size and shape and biological stability due to their flexible composition pore size and easy functionalization properties mofs can be utilized as key components for the OD of various functional systems and their applications in drug delivery and biosensing are reviewed future trends and perspectives in these research Az are also outlined | MEDAL |
stimulants histamine acetylcholine and substance p and relaxants isoprenaline and bradykinin of the guinea pig trachea were tested in the absence and presence of mepacrine eicosatetraynoic acid bw c and indomethacin in order to evaluate the involvement of prostaglandins and congeners in the effects of amines and peptides while histamine appeared to stimulate TSM directly acetylcholine acted in part by promoting the PR of contractile leukotrienes substance p was unable to express its full stimulating effect because of a likely release of an GABA prostaglandin isoprenaline inhibited tracheal smooth muscles by a direct action while the relaxation of the tr in response to BK appeared to depend on the PR of prostaglandins since it was reduced in the presence of inhibitors of cyclo and lipooxygenase it is concluded that enzymes involved in the metabolism of AA are present in the guinea pig trachea and are activated both by relaxant and stimulant agents | MEDAL |
raw milk about kg was cold °c separated and then the skim milk was pasteurized at °c and a holding time of s the milk was cooled to °c and stored at ⤠°c until processing the SM was microfiltered using a pilotscale ceramic graded permeability gp microfilter system equipped with µm nominal pore diameter ceramic membralox membranes first about kg of pasteurized skim milk was flushed through the system to push the water out of the system then additional pasteurized skim milk about kg was microfiltered stage in a continuous feedandbleed à process using the same membranes the retentate from stage was diluted with pasteurized reverse osmosis water in a ratio and microfiltered stage with a gp system this was repeated times with total of stages in the process stage microfiltration stages and diafiltration the results from first stages of the experiment were compared with previous data when processing skim milk at °c using ceramic uniform transmembrane pressure utp membranes microfiltration of SM using ceramic utp and gp membranes resulted in similar final retentate in terms of serum proteins sp removed the sp Rmax expressed by kilogram of sp removed per metersquared of membrane area was higher for gp membranes for each stage compared with utp membranes a higher passage of sp and sp removal rate for gp than utp CM was achieved by using a higher crossflow velocity when processing skim milk increasing flux in subsequent stages did not affect membrane permeability and fouling we operated under conditions that produced partial membrane fouling due to using a flux that was less than limiting flux but higher than critical flux because the critical flux is a CF of the crossflow velocity the difference in critical flux between utp and gp CM resulted only from operating under different crossflow velocities vs for utp and gp membranes respectively conditions that allow MF operation at higher flux will reduce the membrane surface area required to process the same amount of milk in the same length of time less membrane surface area reduces investment costs and uses less energy water and chemicals to clean the microfiltration system | MEDAL |
we investigated the application of diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy to analysis of urinary calculi and compared its operation with that of older sampling techniques pellet mull and attenuated total reflectance the new method requires shorter sample preparation time and less sample micrograms quantitative measurements are easier because of the additivity of the kubelkamunk functions a quasiexhaustive collection of infrared spectwere used as endogenous indicator genes to T0 the response of rat cells to radiation at the gene level an increase in copy number was detected by dispersed cell blotting and southern analysis in combination with TPS dna hybridization all types of radiation tested induce a to fold amplification of sv sequences without producing intact virus the amplification is dose dependent and increases with time T3 irradiation a maximum effect is observed at day after alpha particle or uv exposure and at day T3 gammaray exposure a rbe of can be calculated for alpha particles if amplification rates at day are compared however when the maximum effect is considered independent of time no difference between different types of radiation is observed southern blots of genomic dna show that not all integrated sv sequences are amplified upon radiation amplified sequences are found either in TRF of relatively high molecular weight or in unit size fragments sv amplification is selective in that the amplification of other genes eg of alphaactin dhfr DHF reductase and of two oncogenes of the ras family kirsten ras and harvey ras was below PCD level | MEDAL |
PLT activating factor is involved in warm ICM damage we studied the effect of the paf receptor antagonist bn in an exp model of min of renal warm ischemia in which the left kidney was flushed with eurocollins solution and a right nephrectomy was performed eighty WR were divided into a sham two control groups and four T0 groups according to the dosage and route of bn administration bn was used in the flush solution at concentrations of and mgml or intravenously prior to ischemia at and mgkg body weight creatinine clearance per g body weight fractional sodium excretion and conventional histology were studied rats that received bn intravenously showed a significantly higher creatinine clearance than controls intravenous bn produced a higher acceleration of renal function REC at mgkg than at mgkg body weight conventional histology was better in animals that received bn at mgkg body weight than in controls addition of bn to eurocollins flushing solution showed no protective effect we conclude that intravenous bn shows a renal protective effect against warm ischemia | MEDAL |
this study traces the biosocial dynamics of echinococcus granulosus a zoonotic tapeworm spread between dogs livestock and people at slaughterhouses in morocco one of the most important parasitic zoonoses worldwide this neglected cestode is responsible for a debilitating potentially lifethreatening human disease and significant livestock production losses transmission can be interrupted among other ways by restricting dogs from eating cystinfected livestock viscera recent epidemiological studies in sidi kacem province RNA morocco found that governmentoperated slaughterhouses were hotspots for hydatid cysts in livestock and infection in dogs an ethnographic RPA was used to compliment these studies exploring how and why cysts were being openly discarded all seven visited slaughterhouses had low levels of hygque composite extraction of hpcd each with rhamnolipid rl bovine serum albumin bsa and alginate sodium as models of lipopolysaccharide proteins and PSs was developed to assess pahs bioaccessibility to earthworms in addition comparisons were conducted with accelerated solvent extraction ase and individual hpcd SE the results demonstrated that all chemical extractions were linearly correlated with earthworm accumulation and individual hpcd SE underestimated pah bioaccessibility by about two times however the overall performances of the three composite chemical extractions hpcdas hpcdrl hpcdbsa were better than individual hpcd SE among which hpcdas was best at estimating the earthworm accumulation considering both rho coefficient and fitted linear Mw therefore all observations implied that hpcdas extraction could be used as a fast and reliable method to predict pah bioaccessibility to earthworms in contaminated soils | MEDAL |
rna helicases are a large family of proteins that are able to unwind rna duplex and remodel the structure of rnaprotein rnp complexes using energy derived from hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates ntps every step of cellular rna metabolism involves the activity of rna g sexual partners through the internet the internet has been characterized as a newly emerging risk environment for hiv transmission meanwhile the flourishing of gay websites provides a good opportunity for health professionals to conduct systematic hivaids behavioral surveillance among msm ERP methods to recruit online msm users have been developed and online surveys have suggested many practical advantages over surveys in the traditional gay community although surveys among msm via the internet have a few limitations and risks online surveillance can still be viewed as a feasible and convenient approach especially in countries where the hivaids epidemic is concentrated in highrisk populations and where the conducting of such surveillance in traditional gay venues is difficult | MEDAL |
between june and january patients with pathologic stage iii nonsmall cell LC were randomized to receive either preoperative MVP mvp chemotherapy cisplatin mgm and mitomycin mgm day and vinblastine mgm on day and and mgm day or preoperative radiotherapy gy in fractions to the primary RT and mediastinum the purpose of this T0 was to identify a treatment approach that showed sufficient effectiveness and acceptable toxicity to warrant testing by prospective randomized trial against standard nonsurgical treatment all patients had surgical staging of the mediastinum and had either unresectable n disease or t disease with PT extension of disease along the pulmonary artery response to preoperative therapy was evaluated weeks after beginning treatment and patients with complete or partial radiographic response were to undergo surgical exploration and resection if possible fiftyseven patients were eligible and evaluable for response of the total patients were unavailable for followup were ineligible was canceled and refused all treatment T3 having been randomized of the eligible and evaluable patients had stage iiia and had stage iiib disease randomization was to mvp in cases and to radiotherapy xrt in radiographic response to treatment was virtually MZ for the two approaches with of the evaluable patients achieving objective responses in patients achieving radiographic response underwent surgical exploration and underwent resection of which were complete the mediastinum was free of RT in seven patients but only two pathologic complete responses were seen one each to xrt and mvp in addition ten nonresponders underwent surgery seven underwent resection median survival for the entire group is months with a actuarial survival at years two patients died of treatment toxicity during preoperative therapy overall toxicity included preoperative toxic deaths and postoperative deaths in patients who underwent surgical exploration each with xrt and mvp due to ARDS myocardial infarction pulmonary edema and esophageal fistula for an overall death rate of and a perioperative death rate in surgically explored patients of these preoperative regimens in the population studied herein were of modest efficacy and substantial toxicityabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in order to examine how rat erythrocytes stimulate EA autoantibody production at the molecular level we have identified rat erythrocyte antigens by IP and WB using monoclonal antibodies and antisera a novel nonradioactive immunoprecipitation technique was used which employed biotin as a label and a luminescent detection system the new method was validated by comparison with conventional IP using i glycophorins of M(r) mr and were found to be the major antigenic components of rat erythrocytes while band the most abundant EM protein was not recognized by ratspecific antibodies the same surface antigens were recognized by sera from mice producing erythrocyte autoantibodies and by sera from mice in which autoantibody production was suppressed nine other minor ratspecific antigens were identified by blotting ranging in mr from to analysis of the IMPs of rat and mouse erythrocytes by sodium dodecyl sulphate sds PACE followed by silver or periodic acidschiff pas stains revealed differences between the glycophorins but not between rat and mouse band thus the major antigenic differences correspond to discernible PSA differences between rat and mouse erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins | MEDAL |
the present T0 aims to analyze attitudes and beliefs of the frenchspeaking GA swiss population n female n mean age years as regards gambling which are to date almost exclusively studied in the north american and australian contexts beliefs related to gambling include the perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures toward gambling the comparative risk assessment of different addictive behaviors the perceived risks of different types of gambling and attitudes are related to the gamblers personality the GP perceived gambling rather negatively and was conscious of the potential risks of gambling indeed of the sample identifitions we report that downregulation of several candidate genes including TM glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase cg and ugp as well as upregulation of diptericin and attacin conferred tolerance to severe hyperoxia in conclusion we identified several genes that were not only altered in hyperoxiaselected flies but we also prove that these play an important role in hyperoxia survival thus our T0 provides a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms of hyperoxia tolerance | MEDAL |
retroperitoneal abscesses are uncommon in obstetrics and gynecology recently seven reported cases of retropsoassubgluteal abscesses following paracervicalpudendal anesthesia have been reported and we have seen two additional cases the infrequent occurrence and diagnostic difficulties make these abscesses especially dangerous they can result in substantial patient morbidity and mortality they must be suspected in patients receiving paracervicalpudendal anesthesia prior to vaginal delivery in whom hip pain subsequently develops therapy consists of prompt surgical exploration and drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in aerobic capacity and training status influence muscle reoxygenation T3 sprint exercise we hypothesized that the muscle reoxygenation rate after sprint exercise is slower in longdistance runners with a high MAC five male LDR male sprinters and healthy male controls performed a second sprint exercise on a cycle ergometer oxygen saturation in muscle tissue sto in the vastus lateralis muscles was measured by IR spectroscopy the muscle reoxygenation rate T3 the exercise was evaluated at half the time required for sto REC t sto aerobic capacity was evaluated by measuring maximal oxygen consumption vcombining dot aboveomax the t sto in the longdistance runners ± seconds was significantly longer than that in the controls ± seconds p and in the sprinters ± seconds p in all the subjects longdistance runners sprinters and controls the t sto had a significant positive rho with the vcombining dot aboveomax r p and was longer in subjects with a higher vcombining dot aboveomax these results suggest that reoxygenation after sprint exercise is influenced by MAC and training status and that the subjects with a higher aerobic capacity have delayed muscle reoxygenation T3 sprint exercise | MEDAL |
chickens were tested in a TI paradigm after a single intraperitoneal injection of either or microgramkg of the potent opiate analog dala fphemetenkephalinnh an invertedu relationship was obtained with microgramkg being the most effective in prolonging immobility this dose was used in subsequent studies involving i.c.v. with naloxone or diluent followed by treatment with diluent dala fphemetenkephalinnh a strong opiate or dphemetenkephalin a weak opiate the results indicated that although naloxone had mixed effects in attenuating the duration of tonic immobility even the analog with negligible opiate activity reliably potentiated the response therefore a component of the effect of opiate MMP on tonic immobility could be due to a nonnarcotic action | MEDAL |
to report on two instances of successful LT cryopreservation resulting in live births | MEDAL |
a yearoldman treated for nephrotic syndrome with steroid developed acute pain of herpes zoster after immobility of the shoulder CS might have suppressed the first symptoms of pain but immobility probably appeared as vzv infection developing to spinal ventral root suprascapular nerve block was ERP for severe pain of the right arm sympathetic nerve contained in suprascapular nerve might have been blocked sympathetically maintained pain may occur when primary afferent neurons are excited by inflammation due to vzv infection pain was abolished weeks T3 the ON of rash using blocks three times and amitriptyrin and valproic acid immobility was resolved seven months after the ON of rash | MEDAL |
transient expression of different nmda receptors nmdars plays a role in OD of the cerebellum whether similar processes undergo during neuronal differentiation in culture is not clearly understood we studied nmdars in cerebellar SN in cultures of and days in vitro div using immunocytochemical and electrophysiological approaches whereas at div the vast majority of neurons were immunopositive for glun subunits further synaptoginesis was accompanied by the timedependent loss of nmdars in contrast to glunb and glunccontaining nmdars which at div exhibited homogenous distribution in extrasynaptic regions glunacontaining receptors were aggregated in spots both in cell bodies and dendrites double IF for gluna subunits and synaptophysin a widely used marker for presynaptic terminals revealed their colocalization in about of dendrite gluna FL spots suggesting postsynaptic origh the intervertebral foramen of the C2 vertebrae because of the proximity of this type of RT to the vertebral artery and spinal SN surgical management remains a L1 challenge conventional open spine surgery usually requires the removal of the articular process and is supplemented by a simultaneous posterolateral spine fusion surgery to decrease the associated risks of surgical complications by further reducing invasiveness percutaneous spinal endoscopy may be used for resection of foraminal spinal neoplasm | MEDAL |
probiotics are considered to be a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis uc the aim of this study was to compare the preventive effect of a space flightinduced mutant l reuteri f and its wild type on uc in vivo female mice were randomly assigned to five CG one normal and four colitic mice from colitis CG were daily gavaged with ml wv skim milk containing the mutant or wild type à | MEDAL |
lesions of portwine stain pws type are the most commonly occurring VMs of the skin which concerns about of the population these important from aesthetic and psychological points of view capillaries malformations have always been difficult for treatment previously applied methods consisting in cryosurgery dermabrasion radiation therapy or surgery and skin grafting produced unsatisfactory results it was only when highly selective lasers were introduced that pws could be treated effectively and safely a lot of available lasers and lack of experience of the HCPs result in not always proper qualification of the lesions to the given laser type the aim of the T0 was to present a prospective analysis of the efficacy of treatment of pws vascular malformations by means of ktp nm laser from january to may patients women men aged from to years mean age were treated by means of laser at the plastic surgery hospital in polanica zdrój poland in the investigated population the V1 malformation was a component of sturgeweber syndrome in patients klippeltrenaunay syndromein patients while in one case it accompanied recklinghausen disease the vascular lesions had not been treated before in majority of cases while in patients the laser therapy was the continuation of other previously attempted treatment which included excision and skin grafting argon laser therapy radiation therapy and pulsed dye laser treatment the procedures were performed with at least week intervals without or under local and in children GA therapeutic efficacy was evaluated independently by surgeons and a photographer on the basis of subjective scoring system sss comparing simultaneously shown pictures of the patients taken prior to and after the last procedure the outcomes of treatment were classified according to a degree scale excellent outcome improvement with perceived as eradication of the lesion good improvement fair improvement and poorless than improvement including no observable improvement in of the lesions patients treatment with ktp nm laser produced significant improvement which was found satisfactory by the patient excellent outcome of treatment was obtained in patients good in fair in however despite many laser treatments using various SE and pulse duration there was almost not observable improvement in of the study population patients the pws which failed to treatment were most commonly located on the limbs the results of treatment was poor in of malformations which were located beyond the face and neck all of them were on the limbs there was no episodes of scarring or persistent pigmentary changes in any of the patients | MEDAL |
heterosis has greatly contributed to conventional plant breeding and is widely used to increase crop plant productivity however although some studies have explored the mechanisms of heterosis at the genomic and transcriptome level these mechanisms still remain unclear the growth and OD of maize seedlings and immature embryos have an important impact on subsequent production this study investigated differentially expressed genes degs between parents and reciprocal hybrids in the seedling leaves roots and immature embryo days after pollination using amplified fragment length polymorphism aflpbased transcript profiling cdnaaflp we isolated and genes from the leaves roots and immature embryos respectively that were differentially expressed between hybrids and parents sequencing and PET analysis revealed that transcriptderived fragments in the roots and leaves and in the immature embryos were involved in known functions whereas many degs had roles in plant growth and OD photosynthesis ST and seed germination quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction analysis of relative expression levels between reciprocal hybrids and both parental genotypes of selected genes produced results that were consistent with cdnaaflp we validated the expression patterns of selected genes related to heterosis formation and revealed that most showed nonadditive expression in one or both hybrids including dominant underdominant and overdominant expression this indicates that generegulatory interactions among parental alleles play an important role in heterosis during the early developmental stages of maize | MEDAL |
patient blood management combines the use of several transfusion alternatives integrated use of erythropoietin cell saver andor postoperative drain reinfusion devices on allogeneic EA use was evaluated using a restrictive transfusion threshold | MEDAL |
serum ionized calcium ca creatinine magnesium phosphate and arterial ph were measured in patients on admission to the medical icu micu patients were classified into three groups a hypotensive n those who received V1 support for frank SH b hypertensive n those who required vasodilator therapy and c normotensive n those who required neither vasopressor nor vasodilator therapy analysis of variance revealed that only ca creatinine and arterial ph differed among the three groups the difference in ca persisted when analysis of variance was repeated with creatinine as a covariate hypotensive patients had a significantly p less than lower mean ca mmoll than normotensive patients mmoll who in turn had a significantly p less than lower ca than HT mmoll ca correlated with MAP pressure at the time of SS collection n r p less than independent of any other variable vasopressor support was required in of hypocalcemic patients in comparison to of normocalcemic patients p less than vasodilator therapy was required for of normocalcemic patients compared to of hypocalcemic patients p less than there appears to be a clinically significant association between SH and hypocalcemia this association may or may not be causal | MEDAL |
aimsto test the hypothesis that membranous IF of SH b surface antigen hbsag on the hepatocyte is a marker of active viral replication in CH b virus hbv infection methodsintrahepatic expression of hbsag and hepatitis b core antigen hbcag was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of liver specimens from patients with CH b and the results were correlated with SS C2 of hbvdna assayed by spot hybridisation resultshepatocyte hbcag was detected in all of patients with SS C2 of hbvdna pgml of patients with levels of hbvdna or pgml and two of patients without detectable SS hbvdna the concordance between hepatocyte hbcag and SS hbvdna was there were six patients who had detectable SS hbvdna but without hepatocyte hbcag and two paociated src family kinases and psyk rapid tyr phosphorylation occurs on multiple protein substrates here we show that activation of B1 by crosslinking sig results in an increase in tyr phosphorylation of the lineagerestricted b cell surface antigen cd and show that it is a major ATP of G1 tyr kinase following sig stimulation lower C2 of constitutive cd tyr phosphorylation occurred in most sig mature b cell lines examined and in normal dense tonsillar b cells we also find that when cd is tyrphosphorylated it becomes competent to interact with sh domains suggesting a mechanism whereby following b cell activation cd could be linked to intracellular signaling pathways in sig preb cell lines cd was expressed but was not constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine upon cd crosslinking tyr phosphorylation of cd was induced in sig preb cell lines cd crosslinking also directly induced tyr phosphorylation of cd and other substrates in mature b cells the ability of cd to signal in the absence of sig expression may provide important stimulation in preb cell development | MEDAL |
methyllycaconitine mla alphaconotoxin imi and alphabungarotoxin inhibited the PR of catecholamines triggered by brief pulses of acetylcholine ach microm s applied to fastsuperfused bovine adrenal chromaffin cells with ics of nm for mla and nm for alphaconotoxin imi and alphabungarotoxin mla nm alphaconotoxin imi microm and alphabungarotoxin microm halved the entry of ca stimulated by s pulses of microm ach applied to incubated cells these supramaximal concentrations of alpha nicotinic receptor blockers depressed by mla alphabungarotoxin and alphaconotoxin imi the inward current generated by s pulses of microm ach applied to voltageclamped chromaffin cells in xenopus oocytes expressing rat BB alpha neuronal nicotinic receptor for acetylcholine nachr the current generated by s pulses of ach was blocked by mla alphaconotoxin imi and alphabungarotoxin with ics of nm nm and nm respectively the current through alpha beta nachr was unaffected by alphaconotoxin imi and alphabungarotoxin and weakly blocked by mla ic microm the functions of controlling the electrical activity the entry of ca and the ensuing exocytotic response of BCC were until now exclusively attributed to alpha beta nachr the present results constitute the first evidence to support a prominent role of alpha nachr in controlling such functions specially under the more physiological conditions used here to stimulate BCC with brief pulses of ach | MEDAL |
present methods for assay of platelet aggregating agents use freshly prepared platelets much time is spent in daily preparation of platelets and standardization presents problems the preparation of fixed washed platelets fwp and their use in two bioassays are described in this report washed human platelets were fixed for hours with per cent paraformaldehyde washed twice in PB ph and stored at degrees c aggregation of fwp was studied with a macroscopic test and a CS absorbance measurement fwp did not aggregate with adenosine diphosphate collagen adrenalin and thrombin fwp aggregated with bovine or porcine plasma polyllysine and ristocetin with NHP but not with von willebrands disease plasma these observations confirm the direct aggregating effect of these agents macroscopic aggregation times were dependent on the amount of aggregating agent bovine plasma normal human plasma a quantitative assay for bovine platelet aggregating factor paf and von willebrand factor vwf with fwp was developed the ability of fwp to aggregate remained unchanged after month of storage at degrees c ristocetin alone caused a decrease in CS transmission of fwp suspensions depending upon the concentration of ristocetin but did not cause aggregation fwp constitute a SD reagent suitable for quantitative measurement of paf and vwf | MEDAL |
RII t lymphocytes are essential to maintain homeostasis of the immune system limiting the magnitude of effector responses and allowing the establishment of immunological tolerance two main types of regulatory TA have been identifiednatural and induced or adaptiveand both play significant roles in tuning down effector immune responses adaptive cdfoxp regulatory t itreg cells develop outside the thymus under a variety of conditions these include not only antigen presentation under subimmunogenic or noninflammatory conditions but also chronic inflammation and infections we speculate that the different origin of itreg cells noninflammatory versus inflammatory results in distinct properties including their stability itreg cells are also generated during homeostasis of the gut and in cancer although some cancers also favor expansion of NK regulatory t ntreg cells here we review how itreg cells develop and how they participate in immunological tolerance contrasting when possible itreg cells with ntreg cells | MEDAL |
a yearold man presented with a day PH of impaired vision in the right eye od the best corrected VA bcva logmar was for the right eye and for the left eye os fundus examination revealed whitecentered hemorrhages resembling roth spots in both macular regions the spectraldomain OCT sdoct showed intraretinal pseudocysts and hyperreflective deposits in the Az corresponding to the roth spots conducted blood tests revealed elevated ddimer concentration increased total number of neutrophils high creactive protein concentration and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate procalcitonin concentration PLT count and body temperature were within normal ranges a blood culture was ordered and yielded streptococcus mitis and intravenous antibiotics were started immediately the patient started complaining of chest and left calf pain the systemic examination revealed infective endocarditis accompanied by bicuspid aortic valve and paravalvular PA formation the patient underwent CS with mechanical aortic valve implantation T3 REC the patients visual acuities improved fully control ophthalmic examination including sdoct showed no abnormalities | MEDAL |
in order to investigate the hypothesis that languageimpaired children also show deficits in SM languageimpaired and children showing no such impairments average age yrs were tested for verbal SM and selecting attention through a matching familiar figures test as an additional measure teachers assessed the children using dsm criteria for both GA attentivenesse and attention deficit disorder the results revealed significant differences between both groups concerning their ability to memorise word lists and difficulties resisting distractions they also show a significantly diminished stability regarding the retention of memories furthermore the ability to memorise has proved to be greatly independent of both selective attention and the rated attentiveness in class it is therefore concluded that languageimpaired children have difficulties in acquiring information as well as a limited capacity to memorise these differences in ability to memorise between languageimpaired children and children with no impairments are most likely attributable to the metacognitive competence of the child | MEDAL |
arterial chemoreceptor discharge and ventilation are both significantly increased when the concentration of arterial potassium is raised to a level typical of ME however although the plasma potassium level of exercising betablocked patients rises by more than that of normal subjects this does not show up in their steadystate ventilatory response ie exercising betablocked subjects ventilate no more than exercising controls the present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the apparent failure of betablocked subjects to respond to the extra hyperkalaemia that they experience might be accounted for by a reduction in the sensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors to potassium we used eleven pentobarbitoneanaesthetized thoracotomized artificially hyperventilated cats in which arterial potassium was raised from ca to ca mm before and during beta blockade by propranolol or atenolol the steadystate relation between chemoreceptor discharge and arterial potassium was curvilinear discharge becoming more sensitive to potassium as the concentration of the latter was raised beta blockade significantly reduced discharge at all levels of PK p less than it also significantly reduced p less than the Mw of the response of discharge to a given increase of PK our results show that beta blockade decreases the sensitivity of arterial chemoreceptors to increases in arterial potassium this may explain why exercising betablocked subjects breathe no harder than controls in spite of the fact that they are more hyperkalaemic | MEDAL |
timely public engagement in science presents a broad challenge it includes more than research into the ethical legal and social dimensions of science and stateinitiated citizens participation introducing a public perspective on science while safeguarding its public value involves a diverse set of actors natural scientists and engineers technology assessment institutes policy makers social scientists citizens interest organisations artists and last but not least politicians | MEDAL |
cellular processes and indeed the survival of entire organisms crucially depend on precise spatiotemporal coordination of a multitude of molecular events a new tool in cell biology is denoted optogenetics which describes the use of genetically encoded lightgated proteins ie photoreceptors which perturb and control cellular and organismal behavior in a spatiotemporally exact manner photoreceptors resemble fluorescent reporter proteins such as gfp in being genetically encoded noninvasive and applicable to intact cells and organisms they are explicitly intended to modulate activity in contrast fluorescent proteins generally do not disturb the processes under study FPs have revolutionized cell biology because they allow the monitoring of such processes by imaging techniques that offer superb spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity optogenetics extends these advantages to offer control the scope of optogenetics has recently been expanded beyond the use of naturally occurring photoreceptors by the biologicallyinspired design of engineered or synthetic photoreceptors these photoreceptors are derived by F0 of one or more lightabsorbing sensor domains with an output or effector domain displaying the activity to be controlled here we focus on the design and application of such engineered photoreceptors we treat basic signaling principles and discuss the two photosensor classes which are currently most widely used in fusionbased design lov domains and phytochromes based on these principles we develop general strategies for the engineering of photoreceptors finally we review recently successful examples of the design and application of engineered photoreceptors our perspective provides guidelines for researchers interested in developing and applying novel optogenetic tools | MEDAL |
rat liver D-Asp oxidase activity which had been reported to be undetectable was found to be well was seen in the region of the MLF on short trte images indicating active bloodbrainbarrier disruption which correlated with this patients recentonset internuclear ophthalmoplegia ct failed to show the lesions in all nine patients examined this report demonstrates the superiority of mr in evaluating gaze disorders attributable to BS dysfunction such as internuclear ophthalmoplegia and correlates mr findings with the relevant neuroanatomy of the medial longitudinal fasciculus | MEDAL |
oestrogen is important in the OD of breast CA oestrogen receptor positive breast cancers are associated with a better prognosis than oestrogenreceptor negative breast cancers since they are more responsive to hormonal treatment oestrone sulphate acts as a huge reservoir for oestrogens in the breast it is converted to the potent oestrogen oestradiol e by the enzymes oestrone sulphatase and oestradiolbeta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase edh retinoic acid and carotenoids have been shown to have chemopreventive activity against some cancers the aim of our T0 was to determine and compare the effects of retinoic acid and PO carotenoids on growth of and oestrone IDS and edh MICs in the oestrogen receptor positive mcf and or negative mdamb BCC lines retinoic acid and carotenoids inhibited mcf cell growth but had no effect on mdamb cell growth both retinoic acid and carotenoids stimulated oestrone sulphatase activity in the mcf cell line e to e conversion was inhibited by m carotenoids but was stimulated at m in the mcf cell L1 retinoic acid had no effect on e to e conversion at m but stimulated e to e conversion at m retinoic acid and carotenoids had no effect on e to e conversion in the mcf cell line retinoic acid stimulated e to e conversion in the mdamb cell line but had no effect on oestrone sulphatase activity or e to e conversion in this cell line both oestrone sulphatase and edh activity were not affected by carotenoids in the mdamb cell line in conclusion retinoic acid and carotenoids may prevent the development of hormonedependent breast cancers since they inhibit the growth of the mcf cell line | MEDAL |
we studied two pedigrees with a mutation at the nucleotide of mitochondrial dna mtdna the proband from the first pedigree had clinically defined melas plus maternally transmitted insulindependent diabetes mellitus iddm the propositus of the other pedigree had exercise intolerance lactic acidosis and raggedred fibers rrf in the first pedigree both the mother and the sisters proband harbored the point mutation in their muscle the mother had of mutant mitochondrial genomes and the sister in the second pedigree the mutation was present in both muscle and blood from the proband as well as in blood from all other members studied proportion of mutant mtdna was in muscle and ranged from to in blood | MEDAL |
the Pyr dehydrogenase complex occupies a CE and strategic position in muscle intermediary metabolism and is primarily regulated by phosphorylationdephosphorylation the ID of multiple isoforms of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase pdk and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase pdp has raised intriguing new possibilities for chronic Pyr dehydrogenase complex control experiments to date suggest that pdk is the major isoenzyme responsible for changes in Pyr dehydrogenase complex activity in response to various different metabolic conditions using a cultured human skeletal muscle cell model system we found that expression of both pdk and pdk mrna is upregulated in response to glucose ED and fatty acid supplementation the effects of which are reversed by insulin treatment in addition insulin directly downregulates pdk and pdk mrna transcript abundance via a phosphatidylinositol kinasedependent pathway which may involve GS kinase but does not utilize the mammalian target of rapamycin or MAP kinase signalling pathways in order to further elucidate the regulation of pdk the role of the peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptors ppar was investigated using highly potent AT1 selective agonists pparalpha and ppardelta agonists were found to specifically upregulate pdk mrna expression whereas ppargamma activation selectively decreased pdk mrna transcript abundance pdp mrna expression was unaffected by all conditions analysed these results suggest that in human muscle hormonal and nutritional conditions may control pdk and pdk mrna expression via a common signalling mechanism in addition ppars appear to independently regulate TPS pdk isoform transcipt C2 which are likely to impart important metabolic mediation of fuel utilization by the muscle | MEDAL |
styrene is a volatile organic compound that is widely used as an intermediate in many industrial settings there are known adverse health effects at environmentally significant concentrations but little is known about the molecular effect of exposure to ST at subacute toxic concentrations we exposed A549 cells at a wide range of concentrations mgm gm to ST and analyzed the effects on the proteome level by de where proteins spots were detected and were identified unambiguously by ms a set of protein spots were found to be significantly altered due to exposure to ST at environmentally significant concentrations of mgm ppm among these superoxide dismutase as well as biliverdin reductase a could be correlated with the molecular pathway of oxidative AS while eIF-5A ezrin lamin b and voltagedependent anion channel have been reported to be involved in apoptosis treatment with styrene also caused the formation of styrene oxideprotein adducts specifically for thioredoxin reductase these results underline the relevance of oxidative AS as a primary molecular response mechanism of lung epithelial cells to ST SE at indoorrelevant concentrations | MEDAL |
to present our singleinstitution experience with postoperative radiotherapy for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck | MEDAL |
experiencing repeatedly presented AEP stimuli during magnetoencephalographic meg recording may affect how the sound is processed in the listeners BB and may modify auditory evoked responses over the time course of the experiment amplitudes of n and p responses have been proposed as indicators for the outcome of training and learning studies in this context the effect of merely sound experience on n and p responses was studied during two exp sessions on different days with young middleaged and older participants passively listening to speech stimuli and a noise sound n and p were characterized as functionally distinct responses with p sources located more anterior than n in auditory cortices n amplitudes decreased continuously during each recording session but CR recovered between sessions in contrast p amplitudes were fairly constant within a session but increased from the first to the second day of meg recording whereas n decrease was independent of age the amount of p amplitude increase diminished with age temporal dynamics of n and p amplitudes were interpreted as reflecting neuroplastic changes along different time scales the long lasting increase in p amplitude indicates that the auditory p response is potentially an important physiological correlate of perceptual learning SM and training | MEDAL |
abnormal C2 of high temperature requirement a htra protein have been repeatedly observed in sera and placentas of preeclampsia patients to understand the functions of htra in placentation and in the etiology of preeclampsia we established htra mice htra mice show intrauterine growth retardation and their placentas are small due to a reduced size of the junctional zone and aberrant vascularization in the labyrinth at the midgestation stage htra is expressed by tpbpapositive trophoblast precursors in the outer ectoplacental cone and junctional zone from embryonic day to in the htra placenta tpbpapositive cell precursors are decreased in the early stage spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen trophoblast cells both of which differentiate from tpbpapositive precursors are consequently decreased in the junctional zone fewer spiral arteryassociated trophoblast giant cells another cell type derived from tpbpapositive precursors invade the decidua and associate with maternal arteries in the htra placenta than in the wild type placenta maternal arteries in the htra decidua have narrower lumens thicker arterial walls and more V1 smooth muscle cells remaining in the walls than those in the wild type decidua indicating impaired remodeling of maternal arteries these results indicate that htra plays important roles in the differentiation of trophoblasts from tpbpapositive precursors in the EPC insufficient levels of htra cause poor placental OD and IUGR due to aberrant trophoblast differentiation and consequent defects in maternal artery remodeling and may contribute to the onset of preeclampsia | MEDAL |
a PET polymorphism in the coding region of the catechol OMT comt gene has been reported in previous studies to be associated with obsessive compulsive disorder ocd particularly in males karayiorgou et al using a familybased population analysis we attempted to replicate these findings in a group of ocd patientparent trios collected from buffalo new york and toronto canada analysis of allele and TT frequencies using the haplotype relative risk hrr and TDT test tdt did not identify an association between a particular allele and ocd as had been previously reported furthermore no evidence was found to support the findings of a genderbased association for comt when the patients and the parents of the same gender were compared however our TT results n demonstrate a tendency for association between homozygosity at the comt locus and ocd homozygosity analysis chi p genotypic analysis chi p although these findings do not replicate the previous reports they do provide limited support to demonstrate a trend for homozygosity at the comt locus in the ocd patients and in turn further implicate a potential role for comt in the genetic etiology of ocd am j med genet neuropsychiatr genet | MEDAL |
during the last seven years patients underwent microsurgical reconstruction of hepatic and four superior mesenteric arterial systems following D2 pancreatectomy or hepatectomy and in livingrelated CL transplantations lrlt all microvascular anastomoses in this series were performed using a back wall technique in which the microsutures are placed in the back wall of the vessel first and turning over of the microclamp is eliminated this back wall technique is useful for microvascular reconstruction in a deep ABD cavity in which there is no room to turn over the microclamp in lrlts even if the hepatic artery of the graft CL is so short that the microclamp on it cannot be rotated this technique overcomes such difficult situations microvascular anastomosis without turning over the clamp is superior to the conventional method in terms of reducing intimal damage to the vessels the vessels located vertical to the microvascular surgeon are smoothly anastomosed using this technique the authors advocate this back wall technique as advantageous in microsurgical reconstructions of the hepatic and superior mesenteric arterial systems | MEDAL |
small intrascleral foreign HB of different materials especially plastic or organic can sometimes not easilyor not at allbe detected by routine xray examination or computed tomography scan the aim of our T0 was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound biomicroscopy ubm with regard to the PCD and localisation of such foreign bodies | MEDAL |
bariatric surgery for morbid obesity has been established as an effective treatment method and has been shown to be associated with resolution of comorbidities despite its success some patients may require revision because of weight regain or mechanical complications from september to december patients underwent revisional RY gastric bypass rygb all procedures were performed by one surgeon demographics indications for revision complications and weight loss were reviewed thirtyseven patients were treated with laparoscopic n or open n rygb T3 failed laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding four patient were treated with laparoscopic n or open n rygb T3 failed vertical banded gastroplasty and one patient underwent open redo rygb due to large gastric pouch conversion rate from laparoscopy to OS was one patient mean operative time was ± min and hospital stay was ± days there was no mortality early and late complications occurred in six patients the mean followup was ± months mean preoperative body mass index was ± that decreased to ± and mean percentage excess WL was ± T3 rygb within our followup period rygb as a revisional bariatric procedure is effective to treat complications of restrictive procedures and to further reduce weight in mo patients | MEDAL |
adsorption kinetics of iradiolabeled alphachymotrypsin at ph was studied in a laminar regime between two walls of PET tracked films and CM adsorption kinetics in the presence of solution microgml desorption by rinsing with buffer and the following exchange of proteins by flowing unlabeled solution were measured at ph alphachymotrypsin is almost neutral and can be mostly removed from the film surface contrary to positive lysozyme adsorbed at ph results suggest that alphachymotrypsin is irreversibly adsorbed in pores while desorption and exchange occur on membrane flat faces a method is proposed to determine adsorption kinetics in the pores kinetics of desorption and exchange of alphachymotrypsin from the film surface can be described by stretched exponential functions in the examined time domain with the same exponent beta approximately which does not depend also on the former adsorption duration however the mean residence time at the interface is about times greater in the presence of only the buffer than that in the presence of solution this effect could be explained by a fast exchange at the arrival of unlabeled solution for a part of the adsorbed population | MEDAL |
serial c reactive protein concentrations were assayed by electroimmunoassay in infants values in most of the noninfected infants were below mgdl the LLD of c reactive protein by electroimmunoassay eleven of infants with proved sepsis positive blood cultures had significantly raised concentrations and one infant with recurrent pseudomonas chest infection had a raised c reactive protein concentration high c reactive protein concentrations were also found in infants with suspected infection successful treatment was followed by a decrease in the c reactive protein concentration total WG blood RCC was not as appropriate as c reactive protein determination in the early identification of bacterial infection in the P0 | MEDAL |
two hundred and ninetythree isolates of staphylococcus aureus obtained from bulktank milk samples of goats and sheep from switzerland were characterised by pheno and genotypic traits of the s aureus isolates were egg yolknegative and were negative for clumping factor andor protein a determined by a latex agglutinating test system for isolates pcr amplification of the end of the coagulase gene showed a single amplicon five differently sized pcr products of and bp were distinguished in isolates n staphylococcal enterotoxin se genes were detected isolates tested positive for sec gene for seg gene for sea gene for sej gene for sei gene for seb gene and for sed gene furthermore isolates were positive for the gene encoding the toxic shock syndrome toxin coagulase gene restriction profile analysis of the isolates harbouring sea or sec genes revealed six different patterns using alui and five different patterns using haeiii in summary within these two groups high genotypic uniformity within the different sized coagulase gene amplicons was demonstrated this is the first T0 providing comprehensive characterisation data of s aureus strains originating from bulktank milk samples of goats and sheep remarkable differences in phenotypic traits between s aureus originating from goats and sheep and bovine milk were found moreover the high prevalence of toxinproducing s aureus may be important as it is relevant to food hygiene | MEDAL |
the effect of prodigiozan and smethylmethionine on the level of histomorphological changes in the organs and tissues of guinea pigs with exp TF dysentery and staphylococcal infections as well as the effect of prednizolone with respect to dysentery and staphylococcal infections were studied in the control animals the highest histomorphological changes were observed on the th day T3 the infection in the CL kidneys and spleen in the animals with staphylococcal infection such changes were also observed in the lung tissue in the animals treated with prodigiozan or SMM in a dose of mg or ml of a per cent solution respectively simultaneously with or days after the infection the changes in the organs were less pronounced than those in the control under the effect of prednizolone used in a dose of mg according to the same schedule the inflammatorydystrophic changes in the internal organs of the animals with dysentery and staphylococcal infections were much higher as compared to the control | MEDAL |
lifethreatening gastrointestinal one due to arteriovenous malformation around the pancreatic head is a rare clinical entity herein we report a yearold male patient with uncontrolled bleeding from varices of the duodenum due to pancreatic arteriovenous malformation who was treated by emergency surgery upper gi endoscopy revealed one from juxtaampullary DU varices while contrastenhanced ct demonstrated a hypervascular mosaic lesion in the region of the pancreatic head subsequent selective angiography confirmed the presence of the malformation the patient underwent selective transcatheter arterial embolization but despite successful embolization of the gastroduodenal i.a. one continued and the patient became hemodynamically unstable at which point he was referred to our department he underwent an emergency pancreatoduodenectomy with exteriorization of pancreatic juice during surgery the SMV was very thin mm and was misdiagnosed as a RA colic vein and subsequently divided in this situation after accomplishing pancreatoduodenectomy the SMV was reconstructed during reconstruction of the vein small bowel congestion became apparent and a temporary portosystemic bypass was created reconstruction was performed by the standard modified child procedure except for exteriorization of the PJ the patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery pancreatojejunostomy nd stage was carried out three months after the emergency surgery emergency pancreatoduodenectomy is a definitive lifesaving procedure when other forms of management such as transcatheter arterial embolization have been exhausted in this rare situation the SMV is extremely thin and therefore care should be taken not to damage it | MEDAL |
this T0 investigates whether depression in women who experienced intimate partner violence is associated with having also experienced childhood sexual and PCS abuse psychological abuse by an intimate partner recent involvement with the abusive partner and bodily pain fiftyseven women who had left a violent relationship with an intimate partner completed measures assessing their demographic characteristics experiences of abuse in childhood and in their relationship with their intimate partner and DS MRA showed that womens depression was significantly greater among those who had experienced childhood physical and sexual abuse more severe psychological abuse and greater bodily pain p adjusted r these results suggest characteristics that can help to identify abused women who are most at risk for depression and they suggest TPS issues that may need to be addressed in this population | MEDAL |
the longterm consequences of SE to excess AS particularly during CS developmental windows on the initiation and progression of many complex common PCS and mental disorders that confer a L1 global burden of disease are well established the period of intrauterine life represents among the most sensitive of these windows at which time the effects of stress may be transmitted intergenerationally from a mother to her asyetunborn child as explicated by the concept of fetal or developmental programming of health and disease susceptibility a growing body of evidence supports the notion that health and disease susceptibility is determined by the dynamic interplay between genetic makeup and environment particularly during intrauterine and early postnatal life except in extreme cases an adverse intrauterine SE may not per se cause disease but instead may determine propensity for diseases in later life by shaping phenotypic responsivity to endogenous and exogenous diseaserelated risk conditions accumulating evidence suggests that maternal psychological and social AS during pregnancy represents one such condition that may adversely affect the developing child with important implications for a diverse range of PCS and MH outcomes in this paper we review primarily our own contributions to the field of maternal stress during pregnancy and child mental and PCS healthrelated outcomes we present findings on stressrelated maternalplacentalfetal endocrine and immuneinflammatory processes that may mediate the effects of various adverse conditions during pregnancy on the developing human embryo and fetus we enunciate conceptual and methodological issues related to the assessment of stress during pregnancy and discuss potential mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of the effects of stress lastly we describe ongoing research and some future directions of our program | MEDAL |
monitoring of plasma osmolality po in patients with cerebral stroke revealed the most marked changes in hemorrhagic stroke the presence of renal failure and hyperglycemia aggravated disorders of osmotic homeostasis the value of po adequately reflected the severity of the state of the patients SD hyperosmolality and an increase in the difference between the measured and calculated po over mosm in the acutest phase of stroke were poor prognostic signs determination of po along with other traditional tests measurement of sodium potassium urea and glucose yields important information for the correct treatment of patients in the acutest phase of CBF stroke | MEDAL |
traditionally most of transverse RA musculocutaneous tram flap shaping takes place after transfer of the flap to the chest as skinsparing mastectomies become more commonplace flap tailoring becomes a more difficult and lengthy process due to lack of exposure through these small incisions immediate breast reconstruction was performed on patients using the mastectomy specimen as a model for tram flap fabrication detailed measurements of the specimen were taken and a template was created as a guide for shaping the flap all flaps were shaped on the abdomen and additional tailoring was not necessary after transfer to the chest significant differences in weight were recorded between the shaped flap and the specimen size shape and orientation were found to be more reliable parameters in matching the flap to the specimen than approximating their weights this approach allows for greater accuracy in shaping the flap reduces operative time and avoids flap manipulation after transfer | MEDAL |
the CSD of catecholaminecontaining SN and fiber pathways were studied in the dogs pontine tegmentum by the falckhillarp method there are fundamental similarities between the dog and other mammals most catecholamine fluorescent cell HB in the dog are located within the nucleus locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus in the pontine tegmentum they are more diffuse and extensive than in the rat monkey and human and rather similar to those of the cat in this T0 catecholamine fiber pathways were clearly traced without using the lesiondegeneration technique the dorsal pathway from the LC consists of more compact bundles of nonvaricose SF than the rat cat and monkey it runs parallel to the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve in pons and midbrain the ventral pathway courses as loosely arranged varicose SF in the midreticular formation of the pons and sends axon collaterals to the caudal midbrain to form a dense network of varicose fibers there are fluorescent plexi of fine varicose fibers at the ventromedial and DL aspect of the superior cerebellar peduncle cells of the medial and lateral parabrachial nucleus in addition to those of locus coeruleus send fluorescent SF to this peduncle no FL SF are found in other peduncles | MEDAL |
the carotid baroreflex regulation of FVR in man is uncertain FVR blood pressure and rr interval responses to CSN stimulation were therefore measured in seven healthy men carotid stimuli were delivered by gradually applying neck pressure neck suction or NS during simultaneous lowlevel lowerbody negative pressure MAP blood pressure and rr interval responses to neck suction and pressure were immediate and were sustained throughout the periods of stimulation in contrast forearm vascular responses were transient during simultaneous mild lowerbody negative pressure which decreases cardiopulmonary baroreceptor stimulation and increases FVR necksuctioninduced forearm vasodilation was exaggerated and sustained throughout the entire period of neck suction there was a linear relationship between the level of resting forearm V1 resistance and the change in resistance produced by carotid stimuli it is concluded that reflex changes in forearm vascular resistance provoked by carotid baroreceptor stimuli are immediate and evanescent in man simultaneous reduction of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor activity heightens the magnitude and duration of forearm vasodilation induced by carotid baroreceptor stimulation | MEDAL |
although the morphological features of angiogenesis are well documented and many promoting factors are known the pharmacological mechanisms for the development of new vessels are not understood compounds found in platelets andor mast cellsadenosine diphosphate hydroxytryptamine histamine and heparincaused endothelial cell growth stimulation in vitro tumour angiogenesis factor did not these same vasoactive EDC as well as tumour angiogenesis factor induced neovascularization on the chick chorioallantoic membrane the increased vascularity produced by tumour angiogenesis factor was associated with considerable numbers of mast cells these findings together with an appreciation of the biochemical armoury of the mast cell and how its products could relate to the morphological steps of angiogenesis and a realization that known antiangiogenesis AF could all act through inhibition of mast cell products strongly implicate the mast cell in the inductive mechanisms of neovascularization | MEDAL |
in kelsey and maurer proposed the improved kelseysykes test as an evaluation method for bactericidal effect of all kinds of disinfectant we examined the necessity of culturing test organism with the fixed special broth preparing organism population and using the special container called the universal container proposed in this test we compared these test results with the PH coefficient method used usually as an DUE method for bactericidal effect of disinfectants and investigated its availability and exp procedure the results are as follows there was not difference between growth medium according to ks test bacto synthetic broth aoac code no and our nutrient broth nissui NB lot no in growth support for the test organisms there was not difference in test results of bactericidal effect between the standard hard water and whole broth culture used as test organisms suspension or organism suspension with the pellicle of p aeruginosa and without one the result using the usual operating test tube was the same as when the universal container was used the procedure of ks test was complex in comparison with the pc test method but was able to presume the usual usedilution the ks test had an advantage in this point | MEDAL |
the main objective of this T0 is to investigate the relationship between ascending aorta elasticity and the severity of CAS in essential hypertensive patients with coronary HR disease chd using mmode and tissue doppler echocardiography a total of hypertensive patients with chd were enrolled patients were divided into three groups based on the severity of CS measured by coronary arteriography cag slight stenosis group moderate stenosis group and serious stenosis group mmode and TD echocardiography were performed and elasticity indexes of ascending aorta including stiffness index DC index and s wave speed of AW were calculated and correlated with the severity of CS ascending aorta stiffness index was increased whereas DC index and s wave speed of anterior wall were decreased in moderate and severe stenosis CG compared with slight stenosis group p elasticity indexes NC in a stepwise DP with the narrowness of coronary i.a. and there was a significant correlation between aortic elasticity and severity of coronary i.a. by pearson correlation analysis p elasticity indexes of ascending aorta correlate well with severity of CS elasticity indexes of ascending aorta can serve as predictors for coronary arterial lesion in HT | MEDAL |
a rapid and CS immunoassay based on a SI analysis sia using magnetic microbeads for the determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylates apneos is described an sia system was constructed from a syringe pump a switching valve a flowthrough type immunoreaction cell equipped with a photon counting unit and a Nd magnet magnetic beads to which an antiapneos monoclonal antibody was immobilized were used as a solid support in an immunoassay the introduction trapping and release of the magnetic beads in and from the immunoreaction cell were controlled by means of a neodymium magnet and adjusting the flow of a carrier solution the immunoassay was based on an indirect competitive immunoreaction of an antiapneos monoclonal antibody immobilized on the magnetic beads with a sample apneos and a horseradish peroxidase hrplabeled apneos in the same sample solution and was based on the subsequent chemiluminscence reaction of hrp on the magnetic microbeads with a luminol solution containing hydrogen peroxide and piodophenol the antiapneos antibody was immobilized on the magnetic microbeads by coupling the antibody with the magnetic beads after activation of a carboxylate moiety on the surface of the magnetic beads that had been coated with a PLA film the antibody immobilized magnetic beads were introduced in the immunoreaction cell and trapped in it by the Nd magnet which was equipped beneath the immunoreaction cell an apneos sample solution containing the hrplabeled apneos at a constant concentration and a luminol solution containing hydrogen peroxide and piodophenol were sequentially introduced into the immunoreaction cell according to an sia programmed sequence chemiluminescence emission was monitored by means of a photon counting unit located at the upper side of the immunoreaction cell by collecting the emitted CS with a lens a typical sigmoidal calibration curve was obtained when the logarithm of the concentration of apneos was plotted against the chemiluminescence intensity as the number of photons in ms using standard apneos sample solutions at various concentrations ppb under optimum conditions the lower PCD limit defined as ic is ca ppb the time required for analysis is less than min per a sample the present method was successfully applied to the determination of apneos in river water | MEDAL |
laparoscopic surgery is usually performed with the patient under GA in open surgery RA has been found to have fewer adverse effects than GA we studied whether spinal anesthesia is feasible in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair | MEDAL |
lipid core plaque lcp can extend beyond the angiographic margins of a target lesion potentially resulting in incomplete lesion coverage we sought to compare the target lesion length using IR spectroscopy nirs combined with conventional coronary angiography versus angiography CT nirs was performed in patients lesions undergoing native vessel percutaneous coronary intervention lipiscan coronary imaging system chemograms were analyzed for the presence and location of lcp either within or extending beyond the angiographic margins of the target lesion the target lesion length was measured by QCA qca and compared to the lesion length measured using qca and nirs lcp was present in target lesions in lesions lcp was present only within the target lesion in lesions lcp D2 beyond the angiographic margins of the lesion of these lesions had lcp ⤠mm from the margins and lesions had lcp mm from the angiographic margins the mean distance that the lcp extended beyond the angiographic lesion SM was ± mm range to for these lesions the target lesion length with nirs plus qca was ± mm versus ± mm with qca alone in conclusion patients undergoing coronary i.a. stenting could have lcp extending beyond the intended treatment margins as defined using qca alone this could have implications for stent length selection and optimal lesion coverage | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of hypervirulent k pneumoniae hvkp induced ventilatorassociated pneumonia vap and the microbiological characteristics and epidemiology of the hvkp strains a retrospective T0 of mechanically ventilated patients with k pneumoniae induced vap was conducted at a UH in china from january to december clinical characteristics and k pneumoniae antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation were analyzed genes of capsular serotypes k k k k k and k and VFs plasmid rmpaprmpa irob iuca mrkd entb iuta ybts kfu and alls were also evaluated multilocus CS typing mlst and random amplified polymorphic dna rapd analyses were used to T0 the clonal relationship of the k pneumoniae strains strains possessed prmpa and irob and iuca were defined as hvkp of patients patients were infected by hvkp antimicrobial resistant rate was significantly higher in ckp than that in hvkp one st k extendedspectrumbetalactamase esbl producing hvkp CS was detected the prevalence of k and k in hvkp was and respectively the incidences of k k k prmpa irob iuca iuta kfu and alls were significantly higher in hvkp than those in ckp st was dominant among hvkp strains and all the st strains had MZ rapd pattern hvkp has become a common pathogen of vap in MV patients in china clinicians should increase awareness of hvkp induced vap and enhance epidemiologic surveillance | MEDAL |
high and low protein diets fed to Pr adolescent sows led to IUGR iugr to explore underlying mechanisms sow plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations were analyzed during different pregnancy stages and correlated with litter weight lw at birth sow body weight and back FT sows were fed diets with low lp adequate ap and high hp protein levels made isoenergetic by adjusted carbohydrate content at and days post coitum dpc fasted blood was collected at dpc diurnal metabolic profiles were determined fasted serum urea and plasma glucagon were higher due to the hp diet high density VLDL hdlc hdlc and cortisol were reduced in hp compared with ap sows lowest concentrations were observed for serum urea and protein plasma insulinlike growth factori LD VLDL and progesterone in lp compared with ap and hp sows fasted PG insulin and OB concentrations were unchanged diurnal metabolic profiles showed lower glucose in hp sows whereas nonesterified fatty acids nefa concentrations were higher in hp compared with ap and lp sows in hp and lp sows urea concentrations were and of ap sows respectively plasma total cholesterol was higher in lp than in ap and hp sows in ap sows lw correlated positively with insulin and insulinglucose and negatively with glucagoninsulin at dpc whereas in hp sows lw associated positively with nefa in conclusion iugr in sows fed high proteinlow carbohydrate diet was probably due to glucose and SE deficit whereas in sows with low proteinhigh carbohydrate diet it was possibly a response to a deficit of indispensable amino acids which impaired lipoprotein metabolism and favored maternal lipid disposal | MEDAL |
human milk was the one successful infant food until the advent of scientific pediatrics the invention of electric refrigeration and the OD of formulas containing the L1 nutrients in concentrations similar to human milk infants apparently thrive on artificial formulas but the current formulas represent only a stage in the journey to optimal nutrition for infants better analyses of the composition of human milk are likely to lead to an improved understanding of the infants nutritional requirements and thus to better feeding practices | MEDAL |
crop yield vegetative or reproductive depends on access to an adequate supply of essential mineral nutrients at the same time a crop plants growth and OD and thus yield also depend on in situ production of plant hormones thus optimizing mineral nutrition and providing supplemental hormones are two mechanisms for gaining appreciable yield increases optimizing the mineral nutrient supply is a common and accepted agricultural practice but the coapplication of nitrogenbased fertilizers with plant hormones or plant growth regulators is relatively uncommon our review discusses possible uses of plant hormones GAs auxins cytokinins ABA and DDE and TPS growth regulators GB and PAs to enhance and optimize crop yield when coapplied with nitrogenbased fertilizers we conclude that use of growthactive GAs together with a nitrogenbased fertilizer can result in appreciable and significant additive increases in shoot dry biomass of crops including forage crops growing under lowtemperature conditions there may also be a potential for use of an auxin obr in a rodent model of neuroinflammation the validity of the key assumptions of the simplified REF tissue MM srtm for estimation of BP bp was determined with validation against a twotissue compartment model tc | MEDAL |
the OD of shuntdependent HC is a wellrecognised complication T3 aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and negatively impacts on outcomes among survivors this T0 aimed to identify early predictors of shunt dependency in a large administrative dataset of aneurysmal SAH patients we reviewed the national hospital morbidity database in australia for the years to and investigated the incidence of VVI shunt placement following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage admissions putative risk AF were evaluated with univariate and multivariate LR analysis to identify independent predictors of outcome the following variables were considered poor admission neurological grade aneurysm location intracerebral haemorrhage IVH acute HC requiring the IS of an EVD surgical clipping endovascular coiling meningitis and prolonged period of external ventricular drainage a total of patients hospitalised for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were identified among them required a permanent CSF fluid diversion procedure during the same admission as the aneurysmal SAH on MVA poor admission neurological grade acute HC the presence of intraventricular haemorrhage ruptured vertebral i.a. aneurysm surgical clipping endovascular coiling meningitis and a prolonged period of external ventricular drainage were significant predictors of shunt dependency a patient with a ruptured MCA artery aneurysm was unlikely to develop shunt dependency odds ratio confidence interval p | MEDAL |
human adenoviruses species d hadvd are known to cause severe epidemic keratoconjunctivitis however the isolation rate of hadvd is not high because hadvd is usually slow to propagate although new types of hadvd have been reported accurate surveillance has not been performed because of difficulties in culturing the viruses and lack of a practical ID method in this T0 hadvds were detected and identified from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in the fukui prefecture during by pcr loopmediated isothermal amplification lamp of dna and conventional virus isolation and neutralization tests all samples were subjected to SC and pcr and lamp a total of strains of hadvd were detected from patients with EKC the strains consisted of the following types d n d n d n d n d n and d n among these d d and d are new types that have been reported recently the results of this study demonstrated that new types of hadvd caused EKC during and included an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis caused by hadvd the lamp method was able to detect and identify hadvd and hadvd in hr and may therefore be applicable for use at the bedside | MEDAL |
firstly reported T3 stapedectomy perilymph fistula plf may occur due to trauma | MEDAL |
AEP CF depends on gap junctional intercellular communication gjic between fibrocytes within the cochlear SL and basal cells and intermediate cells within SV this communication within the LW is hypothesized to support recirculation of k from PL to the intrastrial space and thus is essential for the HK measured within endolymph and the generation of the EP in rats the k within endolymph reaches AD C2 by postnatal day p several days before hearing onset suggesting that gjic matures before AEP responses are detectable in this study we have mapped the postnatal OD of gjic within the cochlear lateral wall to determine the stage at which direct communication first exists between the spiral ligament and SV connexin immunofluorescence revealed a progressive increase of gap junction plaque numbers from p onwards initially in the condensing mesenchyme behind strial marginal cells and spreading throughout the LW by pp wholecell patch clamp experiments revealed compartmentalized intercellular dyecoupling in the LW between p and p there was extensive dyecoupling throughout the fibrocyte syncytium by p also by p dye introduced to fibrocytes could also be detected within strial basal cells and intermediate cells these data suggest that LW function matures several days in advance of hearing ON and provide anatomical evidence of the existence of a putative k recirculation pathway within the cochlear LW | MEDAL |
a yearold male with multiple myeloma who was born and had lived in ehime prefecture was admitted to our hospital because of high fever the chest xp film showed right middle lobal pneumonia eosinophilia was detected and a stool smear examination revealed rhabditis form larvae of the nematode the filaria form larvae of strongyloides stercoralis were detected by stool culture antibiotics and pyruvinium pamoate were administered to bacterial pneumonia and hyperinfection of the strongyloides respectively consequently pneumonia and strongyloidiasis were promptly improved it was considered that he was infected with strongyloides in SEA during worldwar ii and a little autoinfection of this nematode had continued about years in addition it was suggested that hyperinfection of strongyloides resulted from the IS state induced by the chemotherapy for multiple myeloma | MEDAL |
vanilloid receptor AT1 vr is an ion channel that serves as a polymodal detector of painproducing chemicals such as CAP and protons in primary afferent SN here we showed that both capsaicin and acidification produced elevations in the intracellular ca concentration cai in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes the capsaicin and acidificationevoked increases in cai were inhibited by capsazepine an antagonist to vr vrlike immunoreactivity was observed in the cells these findings suggest that PET vrlike protein is present and functions as a sensor against noxious chemical stimuli such as CAP or acidification in epidermal keratinocytes | MEDAL |
in development of amphibians and flies gene amplification is one of mechanisms to increase gene expression in mammalian cells gene amplification seems to be restricted to tumorigenesis and acquiring of drugresistance in CA cells here we report a complex gene amplification pattern in mouse NPCs during differentiation with approximately of the genome involved half of the amplified mouse chromosome regions overlap with amplified regions previously reported in human neural progenitor cells indicating conserved mechanisms during differentiation using fluorescence in situ hybridization we verified the amplification in single cells of primary mouse MES e embryonic stage neurosphere cells during differentiation in vivo we confirmed gene amplifications of the trp gene in cryosections from mouse embryos at stage e gene amplification is not only a cancerrelated mechanism but is also conserved in evolution occurring during differentiation of mammalian neural stem cells | MEDAL |
colorectal carcinoma is common but screening for this CA has found less acceptance with the public than screening for breast prostate and CC available methods include FOB tests fobts flexible sigmoidoscopy fos doublecontrast barium enema colonoscopy computed tomographic colography and fecal dna evaluation of these options demonstrates that colonoscopy at ages and offers the best combination of reduction in CC at the lowest cost however when compliance with screening recommendations is very high costs are high and the proportion of cancers arising from adenomas is low the combination of fos and fobt is most cost effective malignant polyps look friable and irregular and feel hard sessile malignant polyps need to be treated by formal resection patients with pedunculated polyps with favorable histology clear margin well or moderately differentiated no LVI can be observed and those whose polyps show unfavorable histology should have the polypbearing segment of colon resected along with its draining CL NO | MEDAL |
a novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on magnetic phenylmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes was synthesized using curcumin as the template molecule MAA as the PET monomer and DDE glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker the phenyl CG contained in the magnetic MIP acted as the assisting functional monomer the magnetic imprinted polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry adsorption studies demonstrated that the magnetic imprinted polymers possessed excellent selectivity toward curcumin with a maximum capacity of mgg combining magnetic SE and highperformance liquid chromatography technology the magnetic imprinted polymer based on magnetic phenylmodified multiwalled carbon nanotubes was applied for the rapid separation and enrichment of curcumin from ginger powder and kiwi fruit root successfully | MEDAL |
T0 strategies such as time and study management techniques seem to be consistently related to achievement even when aptitude is controlled for but the picture is not entirely clear as there is limited research in this area we explored the relative strengths of academic aptitude as measured by the medical college admission test mcat undergraduate grade point average ugpa and study strategies as measured by the learning and study strategies inventory lassi in predicting academic performance in students in the first semester of an integrated curriculum | MEDAL |
cost efficiency of removing third molars in a practice specialising in minor oral surgery was compared to that of a hospital oral surgery department a total of patients treated in each locality were prospectively audited during the financial year surgical complexity waiting time complications and patient satisfaction were compared the hospital cases were costed individually and compared to fees received for the patients treated in the practice the practice fees were also compared to average expenses as assessed by the dental rates study group inland revenue enquiry patients were treated more promptly and at a lower cost in the specialist practice with no adverse effect on SQ as assessed by complications and patient satisfaction surgical complexity was not a contraindication to practice treatment but some patients may be better treated in hospital because of medical or social circumstances patient charges for treatment carried out under general dental service regulations are a serious impediment to the viability of a specialist oral surgery practice | MEDAL |
we investigated the development of SP-IR in mouse VN organs in embryos juveniles and adults in all stages substance p SF were found in the receptorfree epithelial area but never in the NE substance p fibers were found sparsely in the lamina propria of dayold embryos although buds of the vomeronasal glands in the cavernous tissue were observed in dayold embryos and gradually grew in size and numbers the substance p fibers around them decreased after about the th day thus substance p may be a trophic factor for the development of the vomeronasal PG in the cavernous tissue we first recognized substance p fibers reaching the surface of the receptorfree epithelium in dayold pups in dayold mice substance p SF were as well developed as in adult mice considering the OD of the substance p fibers in the receptorfree epithelium and the cavernous tissue they probably cause the vasodilation of the cavernous tissue via local axon reflexes these structures may then act as a defense system eliminating noxious CS- substances sucked into the vomeronasal organ | MEDAL |
dopamine da neurons in the substantia nigra snda SN are among the most severely affected in parkinsons disease pd mitochondrial complex i inhibition by rotenone or mptp can induce snda neurodegeneration and recapitulate motor disability in rodents we performed a transcriptional analysis of the midbrain response to complex i inhibition focused on selected metabolic transcripts using quantitative RT rtpcr in conjunction with lasercapture microdissection lcm of immunofluorescently targeted snda and ventral tegmental area vta da neurons there were da neuronselective alterations in metabolic transcripts in response to generalized complex i inhibition dependent on the behavioral response of the animal and vulnerable snda neurons were more dynamic in their metabolic transcriptional response than less vulnerable vtada neurons the metabolic transcriptional response of da SN may contribute significantly to the ultimate toxicity associated with mitochondrial inhibition and better understanding of this response may provide insight into potential targets for neuroprotection in pd | MEDAL |
the goal of this electron microscopic T0 is to determine ratios of unmyelinated to myelinated axons and afferent unmyelinated to postganglionic autonomic sympathetic efferent axons in representative cat motor cutaneous and articular nerves of the total axons in the tibial MG sural and medial and posterior articular SN or more are unmyelinated the afferent unmyelinated axon components range from and in the medial and posterior articular nerves respectively to in the medial gastrocnemius nerve and in the sural nerve | MEDAL |
corticosteroids were introduced in the treatment of severe infection as early as in the nineteen forties several negative randomized controlled trials of highdose of GCs given for a short period of time in the early course of severe sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome raised serious doubts on the benefit of this treatment recently a link between SS and AI or SVR inflammation induced GCs receptor resistance had been established this finding prompted renewed interest of a replacement therapy with low doses of CSs during longer periods the goal of this article is to review the key role of corticosteroids in the host response to AS and will update the reader with the new validated indications of corticosteroids treatment in the icu | MEDAL |
we enzymatically synthesized cmyc mrna fragment containing the translation initiation ti region mer and examined the structure by cd hnmr and rnasev digestion these study demonstrated that the cmyc mrna fragment forms a hairpin structure at degrees c six mer antisense oligodeoxynucleotidesodns which hybridize to the cmyc mrna fragment were designed and synhesized thermostabilities of the antisense odnsmrna fragment complexes were examined antisense a cDNA to the cmyc mrna from to cmyc mrna fragment complex had the highest melting temperaturetm and AS d complementary to the cmyc mrna from to cmyc mrna fragment complex had the most different tm from a predicted tm furthermore antisense d exhibited high inhibitory effect on hl cell proliferation whereas antisense a did not the results suggest that the difference in the antisense effect is not simply due to the complex thermostability | MEDAL |
many diseases have multifactorial origins there is increasing evidence that mild dehydration plays a role in the development of various morbidities in this review effects of hydration status on acute and chronic diseases are depicted excluding the acute effects of mild dehydration on exercise performance wellness cognitive CF and mental performance and categorized according to four categories of evidence iiv avoidance of a high fluid intake as a precautionary measure may be indicated in patients with cardiovascular disorders pronounced chronic renal failure iii hypoalbuminemia endocrinopathies or in tumor patients with cisplatin therapy iib and menace of water intoxication acute SVR mild hypohydration or dehydration may be a pathogenic factor in oligohydramnios iia prolonged labor iia cystic fibrosis iii hypertonic dehydration iii and renal toxicity of xenobiotica ib maintaining good hydration status has been shown to positively affect urolithiasis ib and may be beneficial in treating urinary tract infection iib constipation iii hypertension iii A-V thromboembolism iii fatal coronary heart disease iii stroke iii dental disease iv hyperosmolar hyperglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis iib gallstone disease iii mitral valve prolapse iib and glaucoma iii local mild hypohydration or dehydration may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several bronchopulmonary disorders like exercise asthma iib or cystic fibrosis ib in bladder and colon cancers the evidence on hydration status effects is inconsistent | MEDAL |
pten phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome a dual specificity phosphatase is a RT suppressor gene whose inactivation has been associated with many different types of CA including prostate cancer prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies afflicting the male population in both the united states and europe the frequency of pten inactivation appears to increase during the progression of prostatic cancer the PCS loss of the pten genetic locus in prostate cancer progression has been well characterized however the molecular implication of this loss of pten remains enigmatic the purpose of this review is to describe the functional role of pten in the molecular pathogenesis of prostatic disease we review the function of pten discussing its association with the phosphoinositol kinase pik and mitogen G1 protein kinase mapk ST pathways additionally we discuss the role of pten in the regulation of apoptotic pathways involving the antiapoptotic gene bcl and the proapoptotic ligand trail we also review the mechanisms that can lead to the loss of pten function we describe genetic inactivation including loss of heterozygosity haploinsufficiency and mutation we conclude by outlining epigenetic loss including methylation posttranslational modifications and oxidative AS | MEDAL |
to determine variations in the rate of inpatient and outpatient dilatation and curettage dc for the treatment of early pregnancy loss and for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding in health regions across a canadian province | MEDAL |
progression of multiple myeloma mm is largely dependent on the bone marrow bm microenvironment wherein communication through different factors including extracellular LDV takes place this crosstalk not only leads to drug resistance but also to the development of osteolysis targeting vesicle secretion could therefore simultaneously ameliorate drug response and bone disease in this paper we examined the effects of mm exosomes on different aspects of osteolysis using the tgm mu model we found that tgm sevs or exosomes not only enhanced osteoclast activity they also blocked osteoblast differentiation and functionality in vitro mechanistically we could demonstrate that transfer of dkk led to a reduction in runx osterix and collagen a in OBs in vivo we uncovered that tgm exosomes could induce osteolysis in a similar pattern as the mm cells themselves blocking exosome secretion using the sphingomyelinase inhibitor gw not only increased cortical bone volume but also it sensitized the myeloma cells to bortezomib leading to a strong antitumor response when gw and bortezomib were combined altogether our results indicate an important role for exosomes in the bm microenvironment and suggest a novel therapeutic target for antimyeloma therapy | MEDAL |
in contrast to the other heterotrimeric gtpbinding proteins g proteins gs and gi the PET role of g o is still poorly defined to investigate the role of g alpha o in the heart we generated transgenic mice with cardiacspecific expression of a constitutively active form of g alpha o g alpha o the predominant g alpha o isoform in the heart g alpha o expression was increased to fold in mice from independent lines all of which had a normal life span and no gross cardiac morphological abnormalities we demonstrate enhanced contractile function in g alpha o transgenic mice in vivo along with increased ltype ca channel current density calcium transients and cell shortening in ventricular g alpha oexpressing myocytes compared with wildtype controls these changes were evident at baseline and maintained T3 isoproterenol stimulation expression levels of all major ca handling proteins were largely unchanged except for a modest reduction in naca exchanger in transgenic ventricles in contrast phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor and phospholamban at known pka sites was increased and fold respectively in g alpha o ventricles density and affinity of betaadrenoceptors camp levels and pka activity were comparable in g alpha o and wildtype myocytes but protein phosphatase activity was reduced upon g alpha o expression particularly in the vicinity of the ryanodine receptor we conclude that g alpha o exerts a positive effect on ca cycling and contractile function alterations in protein phosphatase activity rather than pkamediated phosphorylation might be involved in hyperphosphorylation of key ca handling proteins in NF with constitutive g alpha o activation | MEDAL |
humans lack PSA pathways for the synthesis of the micronutrients B1 and folate cellular requirements are met through membrane transport activity which is mediated by proteins of the slca gene family by using livecell confocal imaging methods to resolve the localization of all slca family members we show that the two human B1 transporters are differentially targeted in polarized cells establishing a vectorial transport system such polarization decreases functional redundancy between transporter isoforms and allows for independent regulation of thiamine import and export pathways in cells | MEDAL |
ambient ozone concentration is related to asthma exacerbation but few findings are available regarding the effects of pharmacologic asthma treatment on this relationship the purpose of this T0 was to investigate whether inhaled corticosteroids inhibit ozoneinduced airway neutrophilic inflammation as detected in induced sputum and reduce functional response to ozone SE eleven subjects with mild persistent asthma were exposed for h on separate days to ppm ozone and to air in random order before and T3 wk of treatment with budesonide microg twice daily before SE and h T3 the beginning of SE and h after the end of SE pulmonary function was measured and a TSS questionnaire was completed h after SE sputum was induced with hypertonic saline budesonide treatment did not inhibit the functional response to ozone SE as determined by reduction in fev and increase in TSS but it significantly blunted the increase in the percentage of sputum neutrophils and interleukin concentrations in the supernatant p therefore wk of inhaled budesonide blunted the airway neutrophilic inflammatory response but did not prevent the PET impairment of the airways after ozone exposure | MEDAL |
IOUS is the most recent diagnostic tool in liver surgery it presents the surgeon with a technique that can provide detailed information about liver tumours and their topography prior to surgery it also provides very good visualization of the vascular tree of the CL this article gives a detailed description of the technique of IOUS of the liver it also presents results from two CG of patients patients who underwent laparatomy for colorectal CA n or for liver tumours n were examined by intraoperative ultrasound of the liver the results were compared with the observations made by preoperative US in seven patients the IOUS examination showed liver tumors that had not been detected preoperatively the intraoperative ultrasound was decisive for the operative strategy in three of the patients treated for CL tumours in one of the patients operated on for CC in whom the IOUS examination revealed a previously unrecognized metastasis a CL resection is now planned our T0 confirms that intraoperative ultrasound is a valuable form of examination in patients treated for colorectal cancer and is important for deciding the surgical strategy for patients treated for CL tumours | MEDAL |
mouse MUPs mups are encoded by a family of ca genes that are expressed in a tissuespecific manner in several sec organs in the liver in the submaxillary SL parotid and lachrymal glands and in the skin sebaceous glands in this paper we describe the isolation of a mup gene mupa which is expressed predominantly in the submaxillary gland of balbc mice we show that mupa is a member of a subfamily consisting of two closely related genes both of which are closely linked to the mup locus on mouse chromosome mup is the locus of a class of mup genes group expressed in the CL the complete nucleotide CS of mupa has been ddose radiation therapy increased as the dose of fe was increased from gkg ml to gkg ml as the dose was increased further from gkg ml to gkg ml and then to gkg ml there was a progressive decrease in the RT growth delay observed the dose of gkg was the optimal fe level with single dose radiation therapy giving a dose modifying factor of this was true whether administered as a vv emulsion in ml or as a vv w/o/w in ml when the i.t. volume was varied from ml to ml at the gkg or gkg dose thereby varying the w/o/w concentration from vv to vv or vv the results tended to indicate that the volume of injection may be more important than the w/o/w concentration ie an i.t. volume of ml produced the greatest tumor growth delay for both doses and the w/o/w concentration of ml and gkg of fe is vv whereas the w/o/w concentration of ml and gkg of fe is vv administering any dose of the emulsion with carbogen for h prior to and during the radiation fraction on day only of a daily fractionated radiation protocol gyfraction x days had very little effect on tumor growth delay compared to radiation and daily carbogen breathing when fe was po on treatment days and with carbogen breathing there was an increased effect on tumor GD which reached a maximum at gkg ml of days compared with days for radiation with daily carbogen PLB however when the fe emulsion was po every day with fractionated radiation and carbogen breathing there was a marked enhancement in tumor growth delay observed across the entire dosage range from gkg to gkgabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
continuous wave photorefractivelike alloptical switching was demonstrated using a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell composed of the liquid crystal cb pentylcyanobiphenyl with PVA pva aligning layers the nonlinear optical effect involved is due to optical control of surface charge on the polyvinyl alcohol alignment SL the cell exhibits strong optical control of the friedericksz transition by an argon ion laser a mechanism is proposed involving the modulation of the charge double layer by photoinduced charge optical limiting in the milliwatt range was observed | MEDAL |
glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney are exposed to high intraluminal hydrostatic pressures and require elastic constraint to maintain size shape and integrity previous morphological and PET studies indicated that the extracellular matrices of glomeruli that is basement membrane and MM contribute to glomerular resilience and mechanical stability immunofluorescence microscopy findings demonstrated elastic fiber components to be located in the renal vasculature including glomeruli the aim of this T0 was to clarify the exact glomerular localization composition and cellular production of these proteins | MEDAL |
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