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in this paper the real role and place of human resource hr in health system reform will be discussed and determined within the whole system through the comprehensive human resource management hrm model | MEDAL |
reduced intensity nonmyeloablative stem cell transplant nst preparative regimens are being increasingly used to exploit the curative potential of allogeneic stem cell transplantation without the morbidity and mortality associated with conventional transplantation growing confidence in the power of the allogeneic graftversusmalignancy gvm effect makes such an approach attractive lower intensity transplants increase the degree of mixed chimerism both in t cell and myeloid cell lineages currently a variety of nst treatment approaches are being developed and in this chapter their safety profile and the immunological characteristics of the mixed chimeric state are described results of nst in specific disease categories are still limited but the nst RPA appears to have promise in the treatment of both haematological and nonhaematological malignancies because of the benefit of low toxicity coupled with a strong graftversusmalignancy effect nst regimens are also being explored in highrisk patients with nonmalignant disorders however at present there is insufficient data to determine whether nst should replace standard myeloablative transplants in TPS disease CG with their low toxicity nst are well placed as platforms for future developments in transplant immunology to avoid gvhd and enhance the allograft effect against malignant diseases | MEDAL |
CHP produced by aureobasidium pullulans presents various applications in food manufacturing and pharmaceutical industry however the pullulan biosynthesis mechanism remains unclear this work proposed a pathway suggesting that heavy oil and melanin may correlate with pullulan production the effects of overexpression or deletion of genes encoding apolipoprotein udpgpyrophosphorylase glucosyltransferase and αphosphoglucose mutase on the production of CHP heavy oil and melanin were examined CHP production increased by and with the overexpression of udpgpyrophosphorylase and apolipoprotein genes respectively nevertheless the overexpression or deletion of other genes exerted little effect on pullulan biosynthesis heavy oil production increased by and with the overexpression of udpgpyrophosphorylase αphosphoglucose mutase and apolipoprotein genes respectively furthermore the syntheses of CHP heavy oil and melanin can compete with one another this work may provide new guidance to improve the production of pullulan heavy oil and melanin through genetic approach | MEDAL |
the camp protein kinase a pka pathway in TA conveys an GABA signal to suppress inflammation this T0 was performed to understand the mechanisms involved in campmediated signaling in t lymphocytes AKAPs akaps bind and target pka to various subcellular locations akaps also bind other signaling molecules such as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases pdes that hydrolyze camp in the cell pde and pde have important roles in t cell activation based on this information we hypothesized that akaps associate with pdes in t lymphocytes immunoprecipitation of jurkat cell lysates with abs against both the RII subunit of pka riialpha and TPS akaps resulted in increased pde activity associated with riialpha and akap akap and myeloid translocation gene mtg compared with control igg immunoprecipitation and pulldown analyses demonstrate that pdea binds to akap akap and mtg but not akap whereas pdea was found to bind only mtg further analysis of mtgpde association illustrated that pdea and pdea bind residues of mtgb confocal analysis of hut cells stained with antipdea showed overlapping IF patterns with the golgi marker gm suggesting that pdea is located in the golgi the IF DP of pdea also showed similarity to the IF pattern of mtg supporting the immunoprecipitation data and suggesting that mtg may interact with pdea in the golgi in summary these data suggest that akaps interact with both pka and pde in t lymphocytes and thus are a key component of the signaling complex regulating t cell activation | MEDAL |
the goal of this research project is to develop a fast accurate and patientfriendly computeraided diagnosis cad component of ct colonography that improves the robustness and accuracy of current colon wall segmentation and achieves earlier CC diagnoses through an improved polyp PCD method many T3 image processing techniques are applied to clearly outline the colon wall in the ct data set of human abdomen and subtract the colon portion from the entire data set after the subtraction the detailed information and the surface curvature information on the colon wall is analyzed the active contour model is assisted by presegmentation steps including mathematical morphology filtering edge PCD and other image processing techniques | MEDAL |
an imbalance of oxidativeantioxidant defence mechanism has been proposed in SLE erythematosus patients coadministration of nacetylcysteine nac which has a strong antioxidant activity may produce a satisfactory therapeutic outcome when added to ST we report a case of a yearold lupus nephritis patient who received mg of nac orally T3 nac this patient showed a higher glutathione level and a normal level of MDA a lipid peroxidation product in addition the urinary protein C2 the complete blood counts and physical examination of the affected organs showed improvement however a wellcontrolled trial is needed to confirm the value of highdose nac in LN patients | MEDAL |
magnetic resonance has shown t hyperintensity along the corticospinal tract in the brain of cirrhotic patients this abnormality which is reversible after CL transplantation appears to correspond to mild edema because astrocytic edema present in HE may be responsible for neuronal dysfunction we studied whether t hyperintensity along the CST may relate to functional CA twenty patients with cirrhosis underwent neuropsychologic tests neurophysiologic study of the corticospinal tract with transcranial magnetic stimulation and hmagnetic resonance the study was repeated months after CL transplantation n and was compared with a control group of healthy subjects n cirrhotic patients exhibited increased t signal and several PET CA along the CST increased central motor conduction time increased motor cortical threshold and decreased motorevoked potential amplitude PET abnormalities reversed after CL transplantation and were associated with normalization of t corticospinal hyperintensity and with improvement of minimal HE in conclusion t hyperintensity along the CST in cirrhosis relates to functional CA that are reversible after CL transplantation these findings suggest that mild CBF edema along the corticospinal pathway may cause neuronal dysfunction these results support the participation of astrocytic edema in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy | MEDAL |
OB is a polypeptide that plays a key role in the regulation of SE homeostasis and is also linked among others to mechanisms controlling reproductive processes data concerning the involvement of OB in controlling reproductive functions at the level of hypothalamus and PIT in the pig are limited therefore in the present study an expression of genes coding for OB and longform OB receptor obrb was determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR reaction rtpcr in the discrete areas of porcine hypothalamus medial basal hypothalamus mbh POA area poa stalk ME sme and pituitary anterior ap and posteriorneural np parts during the LP of the cycle days and and two early stages of pregnancy days and leptin mRNA in mbh was found to be higher in the mid than in the lateluteal phase whereas in other structures studied it remained unchanged during these periods more pronounced differences were noted in expression of obrb gene which was increased in mbh ap and np during the lateluteal phase in comparison to the midluteal one whilst the relationship in the poa was reversed in turn during pregnancy leptin gene expression in all tested areas of hypothalamus as well as obrb mrna content in mbh were higher on days than on days in contrast in the anterior PIT obrb mRNA was more pronounced on days than during later stage of pregnancy comparison of OB and obrb mrna content in studied structures between the midluteal phase and days of pregnancy revealed inhibition of LEP expression in almost all examined tissues mbh poa sme np during early pregnancy whereas obrb gene expression was inhibited in poa but stimulated in both parts of the PIT during this stage in summary obtained results suggest an involvement of OB in the regulation of hypothalamicpituitary axis activity during both the LP of the cycle and early pregnancy in pigs | MEDAL |
workers employed in a graphite electrode producing plant n and a coke oven n were compared with a control population of maintenance workers in a blast furnace n the following parameters were analyzed concentration of different pahs in the work environment measured by personal air samplers concentration of hydroxypyrene in the urine smoking habits via urinary thiocyanate levels and a questionnaire and cytogenetic aberrations in lymphocytes sce hfc and mn on the basis of pah C2 in the work environment and hydroxypyrene concentrations in the urine the workers from the graphite electrode producing plant were the most exposed however statistically significant differences in sce and hfc and positive correlations between the cytogenetic markers and airborne pah levels on the one hand and urinary hydroxypyrene concentrations on the other hand were only detectable in the workers from the coke oven with a lower exposure no statistically significant effect of smoking was observed as to the intercomparison of the different cytogenetic markers one may consider that sce and hfc are more sensitive than mn frequencies for the biomonitoring of exposure to pahs whether mn or sce are the best biomarker for risk assessment of CA and whether the presence of pahs in the work environment is really responsible for the cytogenetic effects found in this T0 could not be ascertained | MEDAL |
the th case of papular xanthoma is reported this entity can be differentiated on the basis of clinical and histological features normolipidemic nonconfluent eruptive xanthomas located on the face trunk and mucous membranes with no internal involvement histologically there are foamy cells and touton giant cells without an inflammatory or histiocytic component electron microscopy shows macrophages packed with free lipidic vacuoles and lacking specific markers | MEDAL |
from october to march particulate matter pm concentrations total suspended particles tsp pm pm and pm were measured at public places representing different environments in the urban area of beijing the objectives of this T0 were to characterize the indoor pm concentrations in public places to evaluate the potential indoor sources and to investigate the contribution of pm to tsp and the contributions of pm and pm to pm additionally the indoor and outdoor particle concentrations in the same tial intercellular adhesion molecule venular shear rate venular diameters number of circulating leukocytes and postleukotriene b expression of lselectin and cdcd integrin in WBCs were unaffected by any treatment expression of pselectin was reduced by diclofenac and unaffected by EN even when combined with diclofenac our data suggest that although diclofenac does not interfere with the EN antihypertensive effect EN interferes with the effect diclofenac has on leukocyte rolling and EC pselectin expression involvement of reduced EC ICAM-1 expression might explain the lower numbers of adherent and migrated WBCs the antiinflammatory properties of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug could therefore be att in hypertensive patients receiving an angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor | MEDAL |
to investigate agerelated changes in the oestrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels in senescenceaccelerated mouse sam we examined these parameters in and monthold female samprone samp and samresistant samr strains C2 of betaendorphin betaep and substance p sp in the hypothalamus were also measured the oestrous cycle and dioestrus of monthold samp mice were significantly prolonged compared with agematched samr mice furthermore the concentration of serum oestradiol was lower and the level of PIT luteinising hormone was higher in samp mice compared with samr mice this characterises the hypothalamuspituitaryovary hpo axis of the samp strain as hypergonadotropichypogonad the levels of betaep and sp in the samp hypothalamus were lower than in the samr hypothalamus these results indicate that the function of the hpo axis in samp mice declines early and this may be attributed in part to the decline in betaep and sp concentrations in the hypothalamus | MEDAL |
chorismate mutase ec catalyzes the intramolecular rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate arg in the active site of the enzyme from Bs is in close proximity to the substrates ether oxygen and may contribute to efficient catalysis by stabilizing the presumed dipolar transition state that would result upon scission of the co bond to test this idea we have developed a novel complementation system for CM activity in escherichia coli by reengineering parts of the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway the codon for arg was randomized CT and in combination with that for cys and AS clones were selected the results show that a positively charged residue either at position lys or arg or lys is essential our data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the positive charge is required for stabilization of the TS of the enzymatic chorismate rearrangement the new selection system in conjunction with combinatorial mutagenesis renders the mechanism of the natural enzymes accessible to further exploration and opens avenues for the improvement of first generation catalytic antibodies with chorismate mutase activity | MEDAL |
short and LT changes in residual stenosis of the myocardial infarctrelated coronary arteries in patients with successful reperfusion by intravenous streptokinase have not been determined until now in patients the residual diameter stenosis decreased significantly from after hours to in the fourth week p less than quantitative angiographic analyses in patients with patent infarctrelated coronary arteries in the fourth week revealed a mean DS of the patients were followed up months sixteen had elective PD bypass surgery or percutaneous TCA ptca eighteen without coronary artery bypass surgery or ptca had undergone repeat angiography after months twentyfive have had a residual DS greater than in the fourth week a stenosis greater than was found in of patients with late reinfarction of with vessel PD disease and persistent angina compared with none of with a stenosis less than of whose silent reocclusion had been found at LT followup compared with of with a residual stenosis less than in patients with persistent patency of the infarct artery the stenosis had decreased significantly from to p less than correspondingly there was a significant improvement in the infarctrelated left VVI wall motion disordersabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
this T0 used highfrequency ultrasound to evaluate the flow CSD in the mouse fetal circulation at late gestation we studied fetuses embryonic day from pregnant cd mice with mhz ultrasound to assess the flow in vessels based on doppler measurements of blood velocity and mmode measurements of diameter specifically the intrahepatic umbilical vein uvih ductus venosus dv foramen ovale fo ascending aorta aa MPA mpa DA da descending thoracic aorta dta common carotid i.a. cca IVC ivc and right and left superior vena cavae rsvc lsvc were examined and anatomically confirmed by microct the mouse fetal circulatory system was found to be similar to that of the humans in terms of the L1 circuit and three shunts but characterized by bilateral superior vena cavae and a single umbilical i.a. the combined cardiac SO cco was ± mlmin with the LV flow in aa contributing ± and the RA IVT flow in mpa ± relative to the cco the flow percentages were ± for the uvih ± for the dv ± for the da ± for the dta ± for the cca ± for the ivc ± for the rsvc and ± for the lsvc the calculated flow percentage was ± for the pulmonary circulation and ± for the fo in conclusion the flow in mouse fetal circulation can be comprehensively evaluated with ultrasound the baseline data of the flow CSD in normal mouse fetus serve as the REF range for future studies | MEDAL |
one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with HF is right ventricular rv dysfunction especially if it is due to pulmonary hypertension for a better understanding and treatment of this disease precise hemodynamic monitoring of left and RA ventricular parameters is important for this reason it is essential to establish exp pig models of cardiac hemodynamics and measurements for research purpose this article shows the induction of ards by using OA acid oa and consequent RVD as well as the instrumentation of the pigs and the data acquisition process that is needed to assess hemodynamic parameters to achieve RVD we used oleic acid oa to cause ards and accompanied this with pulmonary artery hypertension pah with this MM of pah and consecutive RA ventricular dysfunction many hemodynamic parameters can be measured and RA ventricular volume load can be detected all vital parameters including respiratory rate rr heart rate hr and body temperature were recorded throughout the whole experiment hemodynamic parameters including femoral i.a. pressure fap aortic pressure ap RVP PSV end systolic and end diastolic right ventricular pressure central venous pressure cvp pulmonary CAP pap and left arterial pressure lap were measured as well as perfusion parameters including ascending aortic flow aaf and pulmonary i.a. flow paf hemodynamic measurements were performed using transcardiopulmonary thermodilution to provide cardiac output co furthermore the picco system PP contour cardiac output system was used to receive parameters such as stroke volume variance svv pulse pressure variance ppv as well as EVLW evlw and global EDV volume gedv our monitoring procedure is suitable for detecting RVD and monitoring hemodynamic findings before and after volume administration | MEDAL |
tau and toxicity of adenovirusmediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene followed by administration of ganciclovir were studied in vivo a human EOC rat was established in nude mice using the serous ovarian adenocarcinoma cell L1 ovca intraperitoneal ip i.t. of x ovca cells resulted in tumor growth and formation of malignant ascites in all animals in a prospective randomized experimental design mice were treated or days T3 ip i.t. of x cells with ip i.t. of x x or x pfu advrsvtk followed by administration of ganciclovir microgram ml ip bid for consecutive days end points were survival and toxicity mice treated with gcv or hsvtk alone died from to days after treatment as did untreated controls no toxicity of advrsvtk was found up to x pfu x particles the mice with the highest RT burden treated with the lowest viral dose lived significantly longer than controls p median survival in all other groups of mice treated with advrsvtk plus gcv was even longer p treatment benefit was dependent on advrsvtk dose and RT burden adenovirusmediated thymidine kinase gene therapy is a realistic approach to OC treatment that warrants investigation in the clinical setting | MEDAL |
create REF centile charts for doppler study of pulsatile index pi resistance index ri and systolic to diastolic sd ratio ofumbilical i.a. in thai fetus throughout gestation | MEDAL |
the mouse preputial gland pg a specialized sebaceous structure is rich in wax esters triglycerides and alkyldiacylglycerol we have found that the mouse pg expresses the three gene isoforms scd scd and scd of the delta stearoylcoa desaturase enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids mainly cn and cn however mice with a targeted disruption in the scd isoform scd have undetectable scd mrna expression in the pg while the expression of scd isoform was not altered the C2 of cn were reduced by greater than while that of cn were reduced by the content of the cn delta hexadecenoic acid isomer and a major fatty acid of the pg was increased by greater than fold mainly in the wax ester fraction of the scd mouse we demonstrate that the increase in cn is due to induction of a specific palmitoylcoa delta desaturase activity testosterone administration to the scd mouse induced scd mrna expression and resulted in an increase in the delta desaturation of coa but not of coa these observations demonstrate that loss of scd CF alters the expression of scd and reveal for the first time the presence and regulation of a palmitoylcoa delta desaturase enzyme in mammals | MEDAL |
blooms of lyngbya majuscula have been reported with increasing frequency and severity in the last decade in moreton bay australia a number of grazers have been observed feeding upon this toxic cyanobacterium differences intructure and function of nonapeptidergic neurosecretory cells npnsc are considered in terms of comparative morphology among nsc of different ergicity for npnsc the most characteristic involve massive accumulation and storage of neurohormonal products only in npnsc are the secretory cycles of functioning clearly expressed their highest reactivity is established during exp and physiological stresses in contrast liberinergic statinergic and MA nsc unlike npnsc are characterized even in the norm by a constantly high level of extrusion processes as signs of maximum npnsc STDP we consider the largest size of elementary NS granules the diversity of secretion forms and the maximum development of herring bodiesclear manifestations of secretory cycles of functioning in particular phases of massive storage of NS LG in the extrusion cycle of npnsc NS terminals express accumulation of NS products it is concluded that a particularly high degree of STDP of npnsc is provided by their capability for PET reversion this reversion is manifested first in the form of the restoration of the initial moderate level of functioning and especially in the accumulation of NS products the reversion is considered an important mechanism providing a high degree of nsc plasticity this degree turns out to be sufficient for participation of npnsc in the integration of fish reproduction it is shown that npnsc are organized by the principle of a triad of the balanced system this system consists of two alternative states accumulation and release of NS products and the center of control of dynamics of their interrelations the selfregulating center in the latter the key role is probably played by the golgi complex | MEDAL |
an igg antibody isolated from the SS of a patient with the BSS induced PLT agglutination in the plateletrich plasma of normal subjects regardless of their abo koa kob hla or pla types this antibody was nonreactive with platelets from three other bernardsaulier syndrome patients indirect IP tests using this SS or purified igg and soluble membrane antigens labeled with i that had been extracted from normal platelets by the nonionic detergent nonidet p gave a single radioactive peak at mw in sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE these findings strongly suggest that the antigenic determinant reacting with this antibody is absent from platelets of bernardsoulier syndrome patients and that the deficient molecule is of mw the role of this molecule in subendothelial adhesion and macromolecularmediated aggregations is discussed | MEDAL |
the interaction of mechanically transformed schistosomula of Sm with the alternative pathway of human complement was studied in vitro to detect early changes in transformation the schistosomula were prepared at a LT and used immediately as shown previously freshly transformed schistosomula were highly susceptible to killing by normal human SS and by cdepleted NHS this serum activity was concentration dependent and was markedly reduced on a twofold serum dilution upon incubation at c in defined synthetic medium schistosomula rapidly became refractory to killing by the alternative pathway of complement T3 hr of incubation at c the percentage of schistosomula which were resistant to killing increased from to this conversion was accompanied by a fivefold decrease in deposition of cb on schistosomula which had been exposed to c for hr and then further incubated with cdepleted normal human SS the following events occurred concomitantly during incubation of freshly transformed schistosomula at c with a halflife of min decrease in activation and consumption of the AP of complement by schistosomula appearance of a strong complement consuming activity in the supernatant of incubating schistosomula and shedding of protein and carbohydratecontaining substances from the surface of schistosomula into the supernatant isolated external CM of freshly transformed schistosomula consumed the alternative pathway of complement to a greater extent than CM of schistosomula preincubated in medium at c the results demonstrate that transformed schistosomula acquire resistance to complement killing via the alternative pathway by shedding complementactivating substancesabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
pressure in the CE NS cns depends upon the volume of tissue that it contains this includes blood cerebrospinal fluid csf nerves and any space occupying lesions the dependency of pressure on volume arises because the cns is confined by bone venous and csf pressure is linked to overall pressure arterial pressure can increase in response to overall pressure to maintain arterial supply continuous arterial supply can be maintained because A-V blood flows out of the cns reduced volumes of arterial blood will enter the system if VO is interrupted increase in cns volume as occurs with space occupying lesions causes compression of veins this may result in increased A-V pressure and reduction in flow of blood out of the cns cerebrospinal fluid csf is extracellular fluid its absorption back into the circulation is influenced by A-V pressure any increased in cns tissue volumes can therefore lead to csf accumulation this may then exacerbate the HC by further increasing overall cns volume free flow of csf around the cns facilitates A-V drainage blockages to csf flow can act like space occupying lesions chiari malformations where the cerebellar tonsils obstruct the foramen magnum lead to reductions in csf flow that can occur intermittently this leads to impairment of venous drainage which may result in accumulation of csf the head or the spine can be affected together or separately the manifestation of excess FA is HC and SM the speed and origin of venous insufficiency influences the morphology of individual cases particularly with regard to lateral IVT size when pressure increases rapidly there may be little time for csf accumulation oedema compression of intracranial csf spaces and cerebral ischaemia follows when venous pressure is only slightly elevated csf will accumulate and the manifestations of ischaemia may be less apparent although ischaemia will be a feature of all instances of pathologically raised cns pressure | MEDAL |
early adrenal insufficiency is associated with cardiopulmonary dysfunction in immature infants isolated cortisol C2 and acth stimulation testing may not adequately show ontogeny of postnatal cortisol secretion nor identify at risk infants our objectives were to determine PN urinary cortisol excretion rate ucer from birth to d in immature baboons and to evaluate the relation between ucer and cardiac performance ucer was assessed via h blocked urine collections from birth to h of age in twentyone d gestation term d baboons urinary cortisol was measured by ria CP parameters were averaged over the same time periods as urine collection serial twodimensional echocardiograms were performed T3 h age a subgroup n received up to four doses mgkg each of hydrocortisone for refractory hypotension ucer significantly increased from to h through to h age for noncortisoltreated infants significantly reduced ucer patterns between birth and h were found for animals subsequently requiring cortisol treatment cortisoltreated infants had lower mean blood pressure worse metabolic acidosis increased fluid needs and impaired left VVI function between and h of age no group differences were found in gas exchange or ventilator support we conclude that adrenal cortisol secretion significantly improves over the initial h of life in the d immature baboon failure to increase ucer T3 h of life correlated with poor cardiovascular function that improved with hydrocortisone therapy adrenal hypofunction in the immature baboon is similar to the very PT human and could serve as a MM for future postnatal investigations | MEDAL |
oxygencarrying perfluorocarbon pfc emulsions show clinical promise as blood supplements or substitutes however some evidence suggests that pfc emulsions may accumulate in the lungs to disrupt pulmonary function this T0 was conducted to determine whether the infusion of a pfc emulsion fluosolda would alter microvascular permeability in the isolated canine RA lower lung lobe rll rlls perfused at constant pressure with autogenous blood were divided into three CG group i n the control group was infused with bovine SS albumin bsa until the bsa solution equaled of the total blood volume in the perfusion system group ii n was infused with fluosolda until the emulsion comprised of the final blood volume and group iii n was infused with fluosolda until it comprised of the final blood volume the pulmonary filtration coefficient kf an index of microvascular permeability was obtained in each group approximately hour T3 infusion the kf values for the control fluosol and fluosol groups were and ml x min x mm hg x gm respectively and were not significantly different p greater than from each other perfusate oncotic pressure lobar compliance blood gas levels and pulmonary arterial pressure did not vary significantly among the experimental groups under these exp conditions fluosolda in blood concentrations that might be used clinically was not associated with an increased microvascular permeability in the isolated dog lung lobe | MEDAL |
microplastics mps now a ubiquitous pollutant in the oceans pose a serious potential threat to marine ecology and has justifiably encouraged focused biological and ecological research attention but their generation fate fragmentation and their propensity to sorbrelease persistent organic pollutants pops are determined by the characteristics of the polymers that constitutes them yet physicochemical characteristics of the polymers making up the mps have not received detailed attention in published work this review assesses the relevance of selected characteristics of plastics that composes the microplastics to their role as a pollutant with potentially serious ecological impacts fragmentation leading to secondary microplastics is also discussed underlining the likelihood of a surfaceablation mechanism that can lead to preferential formation of smaller sized mps | MEDAL |
between to patients were diagnosed with prostatic CA from histological reports stage d prostatic CA was confirmed in of these cases at the time of the initial diagnosis group alpha of patients in group alpha had recurrence of disease T3 a GR to the initial treatment had no recurrence T3 the treatment and the other patients showed no response to the initial treatment for prostatic cancer seven patients showed progression of the disease to stage d during the observation period group beta these fortyfive patients with stage d prostatic CA were analyzed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the most frequently observed histological grade followed by moderately differentiated the grade of the extent of the disease eod on bone scan was classified as eod i in eod ii in and eod iii in with no significant differences in the survival rate found among these CG the sensibestrol des suggest that exogenous estrogen SE during critical stages of OD can result in permanent cellular and molecular alterations in the exposed organism these alterations manifest themselves in the female and male as structural functional or LT pathological changes including neoplasia although des has potent estrogenic activity it may be used as a MM compound to study the effects of weaker environmental Es many of which may fit into the category of endocrine disruptors | MEDAL |
a series of consecutive implants of the transvene pcd medtronic inc defibrillator system is presented and the occurrence of right VVI perforation in patients reported diagnosis of perforation is made using four signs decrease in arterial blood pressure without any other explanation decrease in pulsatility of the cardiac silhouette as monitored by fluoroscopy increased size of the cardiac silhouette and abnormal position of the transvenous lead too far out toward the left ventricle along the pericardial outline perforation causes rapid and dramatic cardiac tamponade due to the large diameter and stiffness of the coil carrier lead immediate drainage of the hemopericardium must be carried out using the transxiphoid approach the use of a thin bluecoded lead stylet inch gauge is recommended over the stiffer marooncoded stylet since treatment must be carried out immediately it is advised that a surgeon either perform assist or be immediately available whenever one of these systems is implanted | MEDAL |
the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime sodium and mg kg were studied T3 iv and intramuscular injections in goats following single iv injections the serum concentration time curves of cefuroxime sodium were best fitted to a twocompartment open model the drug was rapidly distributed with halflives of CSD t alpha of hours and hours and rapidly eliminated with halflives of beta t beta of hours and hours respectively following single iv i.v. of and mg kgbody weight after single intramuscular injections of cefuroxime sodium at the same doses the mean absorption time mat values were and hours and the peak serum concentration cmax was and microg ml attained T3 and hours tmax respectively the beta halflives tel were and hours and the mean residence times mrt were and hours for and mg kgbody weight respectively after both iv and intramuscular injections of cefuroxime sodium the concentrations of cefuroxime in urine were much higher than that in serum urinary drug concentrations decreased gradually to reach their lowest C2 at and hours postinjection respectively the SVR bioavailability of cefuroxime sodium in goats T3 IM i.v. of and mg kgbody weight was per cent and per cent respectively in vitro protein binding of cefuroxime sodium in goats SS was low ranging from per cent to per cent with an average of per cent | MEDAL |
subacute BB ischemia is a risk factor for the OD of vascular dementia vad subacute brain ischemia induced vad participates in a negative role in impaired cognition imidazoline receptors are widely expressed in the CE NS but the role of iimidazoline and αadrenoceptors in vad are still unknown the present T0 has been designed to investigate the role of selective iimidazoline receptor modulator MOX as well as αadrenoceptor modulator clonidine in subacute brain ischemia induced vad in mice n permanent BL common CAs ligation vo technique was used to induce subacute BB ischemia in mice assessment of spatial learning and memory was done by using MWM BB damage was assessed as percent infarct using ttc IF of brain coronal sections oxidative AS was assessed by estimating brain malondialdehyde mda catalase cat glutathione gsh and superoxide dismutase sod cholinergic status was assessed by brain acetylcholinesterase ache activity vo animals have shown significant reduction in learning and SM as well as BB cat gsh and sod with significant increase in brain infarct size mda and ache activity whereas administration of moxonidine and clonidine significantly attenuated vo induced learning and SM deficits BB damage BB oxidative AS and higher ache activity it may be concluded that vo induced subacute brain ischemia has elicited PSD which was att by moxonidine and clonidine thus modulators of iimidazoline receptors may be explored further for their benefits in subacute BB ischemia induced V1 dementia | MEDAL |
percutaneous endoscopic discectomy is a minimally invasive procedure for the surgical treatment of LDH ldh it can be performed under local anesthesia and requires a skin incision of only mm with minimal disruption of the spinal structures including ligaments and muscles however performing percutaneous endoscopic discectomy with a transforaminal RPA tfped for the lower lumbar spine is associated with some anatomical problems such as interference from the iliac crest this T0 sought to assess the operability of tfped for the lower lumbar spine | MEDAL |
four mutations na ya ra and fa were introduced into s a vaccine candidate for staphylococcal enterotoxin b seb resulting in a lower IB affinity towards the tcell receptor beta chain tcb and reducing its superantigen activity the structure of s was solved and was superposed on the native or complex structure of seb in the superposition MM mutations that were introduced seemed to reduce the number of hydrogen bonds at the sebtcb interface s also displayed an unexpected structural change around the flexibleloop region owing to the ya mutation this local structural NC provided evidence that the mutated form of s could have a lower affinity for H-2 complex mhc class ii than wildtype seb | MEDAL |
neurotrophic AF comprise a broad family of biomolecules most of which are MMP or small proteins that support the growth survival and differentiation of both developing and mature SN the prototypical example and bestcharacterized neurotrophic factor is nerve growth factor ngf which is widely recognized as a targetderived factor responsible for the survival and maintenance of the phenotype of specific subsets of peripheral SN and basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei during OD and maturation in addition to being AS in a wide array of nonnervous system cells ngf is also synthesized by a range of cell types not considered as classical targets for innervation by ngfdependent neurons these include cells of the immunehaematopoietic lineage and populations in the BB involved in neuroendocrine functions ngf concentrations are elevated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune states such as multiple sclerosis chronic ICA SVR LE and mastocytosis in conjunction with increased accumulation of mast cells intriguingly ngf seems to be linked also with diabetic pathology and insulin homeostasis mast cells and ngf appear involved in neuroimmune interactions and tissue inflammation as mast cells are capable of producing and responding to ngf this suggests that alterations in mast cell behaviour could provoke maladaptive neuroimmune tissue responses including those of an autoimmune nature moreover ngf exerts a modulatory role on sensory nociceptive nerve physiology in the adult which appears to correlate with hyperalgesic phenomena occurring in tissue inflammation ngf can therefore be viewed as a multifactorial modulator of neuroimmuneendocrine functions | MEDAL |
both nadh and nadph reduce the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to adp this is TPS for the outer membrane and uncorrelated with the respiratory control ratio this could result in a fold difference between the concentration of adp in the IMS and that in the external environment at microm adp in both cases the permeability declines by a factor of but nadh is more potent kd microm for nadh versus microm for nadph the lower EC50 for nadph is partly explained by mgnadph being the AS species and under our conditions only of the nadph is in this form the corrected kd is microm free nadh has the same charge as the mgnadph complex and thus both likely bind to the same site the ability of nadh and nadph to induce the closure of reconstituted vdac channels is consistent with vdac being the main pathway for metabolite flow across the outer membrane oncotic pressure effective at inducing vdac closure also decreases the outer membrane permeability thus in the presence of cytosolic colloidal OP nadph may inhibit mitochondrial catabolic pathways and divert reducing equivalents to anabolic pathways | MEDAL |
the endocrinology of the perimenopausethe time between pre and postmenopauseis characterized by changes in the metabolism of the steroid hormones caused by increasing insufficiency of the ovaries until the age of the concentrations of the estrogens are relatively constant with a median level of pgml SS for estradiol and of pgml for estrone between the age of and the C2 decrease to concentrations of pgml for estrone and pgml for estradiol in the corresponding time there is a tenfold rise of the level of fsh the level remains constant until high a switch omega stage expiration rate of CE excitation disinhibition omega stage expiration and damping of the oscillator epsilon ratios omega lambda and omega lambda determine local ei and ie phase switching whereas inspiratorytoexpiratory balance varies as omega lambda omega SD apnea is seen when lambda omega epsilon is near zero inspiratory apneusis is seen when lambda omega epsilon is low the equations provide formalisms for discussing phase switching apneas apneuses phase resetting and singularities rapid shallow breathing postinhibitory rebound excitation redundancy gating within the rcpg and behavioral control of PLB the MM is offered as an explicit alternative to the harmonic oscillator models that have been used in the past to describe rcpg function | MEDAL |
hemolysis is one of the most important performance parameters of blood pumps however comparative in vitro evaluation of the reported hemolysis effect is difficult owing to the lack of uniformity in the test methods used currently three types of formulas are generally accepted and widely used for the index of hemolysis the traditionally used index of hemolysis defined as grams of plasma free hemoglobin released per l of blood pumped the normalized index of hemolysis normalized by hematocrit and the modified index of hemolysis taking into account not only hematocrit but also hemoglobin in addition the tested blood conditions are often not indicated in the reports to address this confusing situation all three indices of hemolysis were routinely derived in our laboratory to avoid further confusion the tested blood conditions and test loop were defined in each T0 in our laboratory if we limit the acceptable range of hemoglobin in human blood the normalized index of hemolysis is sufficient furthermore using milligrams as the unit of expression would be easier and reasonable for comparing the less hemolytic blood pumps such as the centrifugal pumps that are currently available clinically we would like to propose this value of a normalized index of hemolysis in milligrams as the most useful formula for the index of hemolysis in the assessment of various types of rotary blood pumps | MEDAL |
myocardial washout of the new MP imaging agent mtchexakismethoxy isobutyl isonitrile mtcmibi was studied in patients with PD disease these patients were divided into three CG patients with EA pectoris ap group with myocardial infarction who had reversible defect mird group and with myocardial infarction who had not reversible defect mird group regional radioactivities were determined with postexercise and hour myocardial planar images in ap group mtcmibi washout rate in ICM area was smaller than in normal area vs p however in the remaining two CG there were no difference in washout between normal and infarct Az defectnormal ratios from postexercise hour to hours were slightly increased in ap and mird CG our results indicate that mtcmibi showed slight and incomplete myocardial RD in ICM Az these data showed to be considered in the interpretation of mtcmibi myocardial imaging | MEDAL |
during percutaneous coronary MI SCF and distal embolization are still important problems especially in cases with intracoronary thrombus the aim of this T0 was to learn the effectiveness and early term results of thrombectomy with the xsizer catheter system in acute coronary syndrome twentynine patients men years with acute coronary syndrome and intracoronary thrombus detected in coronary angiography were included into the study xsizer thrombectomy was applied to of the patients and conventional percutaneous TCA ptca was applied to the others baseline characteristics were similar in both CG mean TIMI timi flow increased from to in xsizertreated patients p and timi flow was maintained in of the patients similary mean timi flow increased from to in conventional ptcatreated patients p and timi flow was maintained in of the patients ns mean myocardial blush grade mbg increased from to in xsizertreated patients p and from to in the conventional ptcatreated patients p postprocedural mbg was obtained in of xsizertreated patients and in of controls although microvascular CF in the thrombectomyapplied patients was found better there was no significant difference between the two CG furthermore it was detected that the use of tirofiban yielded no additional improvement in Epi and microvascular flow in acute coronary syndromes use of xsizer in addition to primary percutaneous coronary interventions is a safe and relatively effective method in the prevention of distal embolization | MEDAL |
gonadotrophinreleasing hormone analogues were investigated as adjuvant treatment for patients with nodenegative hormonesensitive premenopausal breast cancer patients were randomised to either three cycles of cyclophosphamide methotrexate and fluorouracil cmf chemotherapy n or goserelin every d for years n during a median followup of years events were observed the firstfailure event of cmf versus goserelin respectively was ipsilateral LRR versus CBC versus distant failure versus and death without recurrence versus fortytwo versus deaths of any caceutical product no ERP treatment is currently available for bont intoxication previously we developed a bonta CS chain enzyme assay using a peptide substrate based on the snap protein target with hplc separation and uv detection of assay products and applied the method to screen combinatorial peptide libraries for LIA to bonta we now report on development of a capillary electrophoresis LIF celif method for measuring bonta activity the enzyme CA products were labeled with cbqca dye followed by ce separation on a bare fused silica column in a hepesbased buffer and lif PCD all CA products were separated in ce within min compared to incomplete separation of assay products within h by hplc the labeled products showed linear dependence of intensity versus concentration and quantitative molefraction assignments we used the celif method to screen combinatorial peptide libraries for potential modulating effects on bonta peptidase activity with some of the libraries peptides comigrated with assay products and interfered with quantitation in such cases interference was reduced by substituting sodium dodecyl sulfate sds for tween in the running buffer separation in the capillaries then occurred by micellar electrokinetic chromatography mekc the celif method is quick and lends itself to highthroughput or microfluidic formats | MEDAL |
the type Ins trisphosphate receptor ipr is a ca channel protein that is expressed abundantly in the cns such as in the cerebellar PCs and hippocampus we previously demonstrated that the boxi PE which is located relative to the transcription initiation site of the mouse ipr gene and includes an ebox consensus sequence is involved in the upregulation of such ipr gene expression furthermore the previous T0 also indicated that some cnsrelated basic helixloophelix bhlh factors bind to the boxi and activate ipr gene expression in this T0 we demonstrated that one of the cnsrelated bhlh AF neuronal differentiation factor neurodrelated factor ndrf specifically bound to the boxi sequence with a ubiquitously expressed bhlh protein e and G1 ipr mRNA in situ hybridization of AD mouse BB revealed that ipr and ndrf mrna were coexpressed in many subsets of neurons highly in purkinje cells and hippocampus and moderately in CBF SC olfactory bulb and caudate putamen furthermore the spatiotemporal expression patterns of these two genes resembled one another throughout PN development of the mouse cns from these results we suggest that ndrf is involved in the tissuespecific regulation of ipr gene expression in the cns | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to establish if diabetes in the presence of polyneuropathy pn andor cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy can is associated with alterations in the amounts of epipgfalpha ip and its metabolites including dinorepipgfalpha dinorip and dinor dihydroepipgfalpha dinordihydroip in urine MS separation showed that excretion of ip was similar in the pn can and pncan groups but higher than in the pncan group n and respectively p by contrast excretion of dinorip or dinordihydroip were similar in the pncan and pncan groups but higher than in pncan group correlations were obtained between ip and dinorip or dinordihydroip r p and r p respectively a significant association was also observed between dinorip and dinordihydroip r p in conclusion these biomarkers should prove useful in studies evaluating the impact of therapeutic drugs or antioxidant interventions aimed at delaying the onset of diabetic complications | MEDAL |
cutis verticis gyrata cvg is an abnormality of the scalp characterized by the formation of furrows and folds which cannot be flattened by traction or pressure primary and AA forms of cvg have been described we report on a patient affected by CVG mental regression and lennoxgastaut syndrome lgs serum hormonal levels karyotype and x fragile studies were normal magnetic resonance imaging of the BB showed only atrophic changes the etiology of primary cvg remains unknown as does its relation with lgs | MEDAL |
understanding the content of healthrelated SQ of life hrqol questionnaires can facilitate comparison and selection of the most AGA tool in the assessment of patients with low back pain the international classification of functioning disability and health icf as part of the whofic can be used as a standardised method for mapping and comparing hrqol questionnaire content the purpose of this T0 was to link the bournemouth questionnaire bq to the icf in order to assess and compare the content of the bq to the brief icf core sets for LBP | MEDAL |
recording of CBF evoked responses ep allows the assessment of visceral afferent pathways and gutbrain communication but the optimal stimulation parameters remain to be established the present study determined the optimal stimulation frequency of electrical stimulation of the oesophagus to elicit ep responses in healthy male volunteers years a mm stainlesssteel electrode was placed in the distal CLO for electrical stimulation es ep were recorded from scalp electrodes placed according to the international system es ma microseconds were delivered in repeated series of stimuli stimulus frequency was randomly altered in different series using a pseudologarithmic range and hz two series of stimuli were applied using each stimulation frequency 2DE topographic brain maps were created using interpolation techniques at each stimulation frequency with increasing stimulus frequency a significant and progressive decrease of ep amplitudes was observed between frequencies of hz and hz pn vs microv np vs microv pn vs microv p in addition there was a significant shortening of the mean peak latency of the IC p peak p with a similar trend for the p peak p with increasing CS- frequency from hz topographic BB maps localized the maximal early peaks npn in the paracentral cortical region c cz c whereas the later peaks p to p were symmetrically spread over the centroparietal and temporal regions cz pz t t there was no difference in the cortical location of maximal ep amplitudes with increasing CS- frequency in conclusion there is a clear relationship between stimulus frequency and amplitude of ep suggesting rapid attenuation of the cerebral autonomic neural responses with increased electrical stimulation frequency the effect of increased frequency on peak latencies suggests an alteration of CS- processing in the thalamocortical region due to an altered perception of stimuli early ep peaks originate from basal structures of primarily the dominant hemisphere while later peaks are localized in centroparietal cortical regions | MEDAL |
in this paper a highly selective sample cleanup procedure combing dummy molecular imprinting and solidphase extraction dmipspe was developed for the isolation and determination of bisphenol a bpa in TW the novel hollow porous dummy molecularly imprinted CP hpdmip was prepared adopting a sacrificial support approach using tetrabromobisphenol a tbbpa whose structure was similar to that of bpa as the dummy template and mesoporous mcm nanospheres as the support owing to a very short distance between the IB sites and the surface a C1 surface area and a good steric structure to match its imprint molecules the maximum adsorption capacities qmax of the dummyimprinted and nonimprinted sorbents for bpa were as high as and μmol g respectively and the adsorption reached about of qmax in min meanwhile a method was developed for the determination of bpa using hpdmip as a solidphase SE enrichment sorbent coupled with hplc under the optimum exp conditions hpdmip exhibited satisfactory results in the enrichment and determination of bpa in tap water with a recovery rate of and relative standard deviations of below and it can achieve a limit of PCD as low as ng ml the developed SE protocol eliminated the effect of template leakage on quantitative analysis and could be applied for the determination of bpa in complicated PET samples | MEDAL |
barotraumatic CBF air embolism is described as sudden loss of consciousness accompanied by major motor disturbances however arterial gas embolism can have disturbances of cortical function that are much more subtle four patients presented with significant abnormalities of mental status in two patients the findings were subtle enough that the patients were initially regarded as normal in the other two cortical dysfunction was relatively resistant to therapy and might have gone unrecognized without careful examination in order to detect disturbances in cortical CF the neurologic examination should include testing beyond the usual emergency evaluation of consciousness and degree of orientation | MEDAL |
advances in our understanding of the integrated functions governing prostate cell proliferation and cell death imply that effective therapies for prostate neoplasia should not only be molecularly targeted but should be customized to take into account the delicate balance of opposing growth influences evidence from studies on the dynamics of prostate growth in benign prostatic PH bph and prostate cancer established that disruption of the molecular mechanisms that regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation among the stroma and epithelial cell populations may underlie the neoplastic OD that characterizes the aging gland our own efforts have been focused on investigating whether aadrenoceptor antagonists clinically used for the relief of the obstructive symptoms associated with bph affect prostate pathophysiology via mechanisms other than smooth muscle contraction such efforts led to the ID of a novel effect of two alphaadrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin more recent in vitro experiments examined the potential antitumor action of three clinically used alphaadrenoceptor antagonistsdoxazosin terazosin and tamsulosinagainst prostate cancer cell growth these findings demonstrate the ability of doxazosin and terazosin but not tamsulosin to suppress prostate growth by inducing apoptosis among the epithelial cells in the benign and malignant prostate thus evidence indicates that rather than just causing pure EC50 of the smooth muscle certain alphablockers can also affect the dynamics of prostate growth by changing the balance between prostate cell proliferation and apoptosis at the expense of the proliferative process | MEDAL |
to investigate the effects of cisapride a motilityinducing agent on anorectal sphincter functions standard manometry was performed in healthy male volunteers after days on a mg dose of cisapride in a placebocontrolled doubleblind randomized crossover fashion all subjects kept stool diaries during the experiment cisapride significantly increased stool frequency by adding soft and liquid stools in addition anal RP was reduced with cisapride in seven of the subjects mean resting pressure decreased by while all other measurements were not altered this suggests that cisapride may act directly on the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter it also supports the view that enhanced defaecation in chronic constipation induced by cisapride may not be achieved by propulsive MA in the colon but also by a decreased anal sphincter tone | MEDAL |
proliferative vitreoretinopathy pvr is characterized by the periretinal proliferation of nonneoplastic cells complicated by traction retinal detachment in this study we report the demonstration of macrophages which are thought to be involved in the etiology of this intraocular disease in human periretinal CM by an immunochemical IF procedure using a monoclonal antihuman macrophage antibody fibronectin a highmolecular protein of plasma and extracellular matrix may be visualized accordingly and could act concomitantly with macrophages as an important factor in pvr fibronectin is shown to be present in high quantities elisa in vitreous aspirates from patients with pvr we hypothesize that the interaction of macrophages and fibronectin may be a crucial step in the development of pvr | MEDAL |
percutaneous tracheostomy is commonly performed in the intensive care unit this study assesses the LT outcomes following PT using the griggs technique we carried out a prospective observational cohort T0 two hundred and eight patients who had undergone percutaneous tracheostomy between september and july and who were alive at least six months following the procedure were included in the T0 median followup was at months all patients were sent questionnaires regarding relevant symptoms one hundred and six responded and were invited for further followup fortythree patients underwent scar DUE by the investigators and underwent spirometry of the NR complained of some degree of voice NC and complained of ongoing severe cough thirtyone per cent complained of shortness of breath with more than half of these having concomitant HR or lung disease which may explain this eightyone per cent of patients had minimally visible or a visible but neat scar eight patients hasusceptible resistance to erythromycin and CLI was highest among sgb isolates with mphenotypes mef representing the majority of strains among isolates randomly selected for genotypic characterization eight strains had mef a had erm a subclass erm tr seven had erm b and one strain had erm a subclass erm tr and mef a present these data when compared to previous sentry program analysis showed macrolide resistance has remained stable over the last five years and mphenotypes are the most prevalent expression of mlsb resistance in north america | MEDAL |
the level of AA aa metabolites in the supernatants of cultured peritoneal exudate cells pec were studied under various conditions using bcg and corynebacterium parvum as stimulators the metabolite C2 were analyzed by thin layer chromatography tlc the degree of macrophage cytotoxiccytostatic activity was dependent on the dose and character of stimulators used and the source of macrophages the application of microcytotoxicity assay for the evaluation of tumor cell lysis lung sarcoma sal in vitro revealed that peritoneal macrophages from healthy and RT bearing balbc mice may affect the degree of antitumor response in the supernatants of cultured pec from RT bearing mice aa level increased by fold in comparison with pec from healthy mice stimulation with bcg induced over a double level of aa in pec isolated from RT bearing mice nonstimulated or stimulated with c parvum a lower level of prostaglandins pgs was found in the S9 of cultured pec isolated from healthy mice stimulated and nonstimulated but the highest level of pgs was observed in the S9 of cultured pec isolated from RT bearing mice stimulated with bcg the unique metabolite of aa was found only in the S9 from nonstimulated pec from RT bearing mice pec from tumor bearing mice produced metabolites of aa which were not detected in control group these results suggest that macrophages also play a RII role by secretion of aa this process can be modified by bacterial antigens | MEDAL |
the majority of axons from the fastigial oculomotor region for decussated in the cerebellum at all rostrocaudal C2 of the fastigial nucleus fn and entered the BS via the CL uncinate fasciculus uf some decussated axons separated from the uf and ran medial to the contralateral superior cerebellar peduncle and ascended to the midbrain uncrossed for axons advanced rostrolaterally in the ipsilateral fn and entered the brainstem via the juxtarestiform body the decussated SF terminated in the BS nuclei that are implicated in the control of saccadic eye movements in the midbrain labeled terminals were found in the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus a medial part of forels hfield the periaqueductal gray the posterior commissure nucleus and the superior colliculus of the contralateral side in the pons and medulla for fibers terminated in a caudal part of the pontine raphe the paramedian PRF the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis the dorsomedial pontine nucleus of the CL side and the dorsomedial medullary Rt formation of both sides in contrast for projections to the vestibular complex were BL and were mainly to the ventral portions of the lateral and inferior VN no labeled terminals were found in the following BS nuclei which are considered to be involved in oculomotor CF oculomotor and trochlear nuclei interstitial nucleus of cajal medial and superior VN periphypoglossal nuclei and dorsolateral PN labeling appeared in the red nucleus only when hrp encroached upon the posterior interposed nucleus | MEDAL |
in patients with AML leukemia published guidelines and treatment recommendations are usually the basis for starting the workup process for allogeneic SPK however only consistent recommendations would allow a standardized clinical practice we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search to identify and evaluate the best available evidence from controlled clinical trials in addition recommendations given by leading organizations in the usa and europe were analyzed the following aspects were selected for systematic comparison AF for risk assessment and categorization role of type of donor significance of allogeneic SPK in first or second complete remission and in relapseprogressive disease and role of reduced intensity conditioning regimens in conclusion the recommendations for the use of allogeneic SPK given by the literature and by published guidelines are inconsistent and will need clarification | MEDAL |
annotations are a key feature of many biological databases used to convey our knowledge of a CS to the readeralgal growth eutrophication and reduced water quality phosphate C2 in water are regulated by the eu through the urban waste water treatment directive annual mean total phosphorus concentrations of mgl and the water framework directive that will enforce good ecological and chemical status by legislation is therefore driving the need for increased monitoring of soluble phosphate in water escalating the desire for a direct label free RPA that could provide remote continuous monitoring in realtime the standard method for measuring soluble phosphate in water is a colourimetric technique developed in the s this colourimetric RPA is difficult to adapt for online measurements uses specific reagents which require safe disposal and thus incurs significant costs to the water industry when carried out on a large scale this review considers optical and EC sensors plus recent advances with synthetic receptors and MIPs progress in the development of phosphate sensors designed for use in a variety of disciplines is highlighted with a view to adapting successful approaches for use in the water sector additional considerations include the need for long term stability low maintenance specificity for phosphate and the capability of measuring total phosphorus concentrations down to at least mgl as required by legislation a sensor that could directly measure soluble inorganic phosphate concentrations would draw significant interest from the environment sector and other disciplines including the agricultural detergent and biomedical industries | MEDAL |
overexpression or untimely expression of wildtype or mutated protein growth factors and their receptors is associated with the biology of malignant gliomas and other types of CA it may result in unchecked tumour cell proliferation migrationinvasion into normal tissue tumour angiogenesis escape from immune surveillance and decreased apoptotic cell death ie after treatment with cytotoxic agents this often involves activation of growth factor receptors either by simultaneous production of growth factors and corresponding receptors on the same or adjacent tumour cells or by constitutive receptor activation due to mutations in several instances the cellular genes encoding these growth AF and receptors are homologous to transforming genesoncogenes from tumourigenic retroviruses and have thus been regarded as cellular protooncogenes in recent years much progress has been made towards a better understanding of the CF of these molecules and how they lead to the aggressive phenotype of malignant gliomas and its inherent resistance to adjuvant therapies this still insufficient knowledge is a prerequisite for the OD of novel therapies for this noncurable disease the aim of this review is to address relevant growth factor receptor systems with emphasis on their particular role in glioma biology | MEDAL |
the in vitro activity of isepamicin was compared to that of amikacin gentamicin cefepime ciprofloxacin and meropenem against gramnegative bacilli isolated from patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit icu of belgian university or GA hospitals between november and july the minimal GABA concentrations mic for nonduplicate consecutive aerobic GN isolates including enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters were determined by etest for each antibiotic overall isepamicin was AS against of all isolates and was found more active than ciprofloxacin susceptibility gentamicin susceptibility cefepime and amikacin susceptibility each but less AS than meropenem susceptibility enterobacter aerogenes isolates exhibited the highest resistance rate to ciprofloxacin while p aeruginosa appeared the most resistant frequently MR pathogen compared to amikacin mic values for isepamicin were usually two to fourfold lower for most inducible enterobacteriacieae species and for klebsiella spp while they were MZ for p aeruginosa and other nonfermenters complete crosssusceptibility or crossresistance between amikacin and ISP was observed in more than of all tested isolates on the other hand of all e aerogenes isolates appeared resistant to amikacin and susceptible to ISP while of the p aeruginosa were found to be resistant or intermediate to ISP and intermediate or susceptible to amikacin no significant differences in pathogen CSD nor in resistance rates were observed between hospitals except for p aeruginosa taking into account the species CSD and the prevalence of resistance to the different antibiotics tested ISP appears as a suitable agent for empiric therapeutic use in severe icuacquired gramnegative infections in belgium | MEDAL |
generation of spontaneous rhythmic activity is a distinct feature of developing spinal networks we report that rat embryo organotypic spinal cultures contain the basic circuits responsible for pattern generation in this preparation rhythmic activity can be recorded from ventral interneurons and is developmentally regulated when chronically grown in the presence of an ampakainate receptor blocker this circuit expresses longterm STDP consisting largely of increased frequency of fast synaptic activity and reduction in slow gabaergic events we examined whether once this form of homeostatic plasticity is established the network could still exhibit rhythmicity with properties similar to controls control or chronically treated VP interneurons spontaneously generated with similar probability irregular networkdriven bursts over a BG of ongoing synaptic activity in control cultures increasing network excitability by str plus bicuculline or by raising ko induced rapidonset regular rhythmic bursts in treated cultures the same pharmacological block of clmediated transmission or highk application also induced regular patterned activity although significantly faster and in the case of high k characterized by slow onset due to PSC summation enhancing gabaergic transmission by pentobarbital surprisingly accelerated the highk rhythm of control cells though depressing background activity whereas it slowed it down in chronically treated cells this contrasting effect of pentobarbital suggests that to preserve bursting ability chronic slices developed a distinct gabaergic GABA control on overexpressed bursting circuits conversely in control slices gabaergic transmission depressed spontaneous activity but it facilitated bursting frequency thus even after homeostatic rearrangement developing rat spinal networks still generate rhythmic activity | MEDAL |
we demonstrated a highpower and highly efficient prdoped waterproof fluoride glass fiber laser at nm excited by twopolarizationcombined gan laser diodes and achieved a subwatt output power of mw and Mw efficiency of this system will enable us to make a vivid laser display a photocoagulation laser for eye surgery a color confocal scanning laser microscope and an effective laser for material processing direct visible ultrashort pulse generation is also expected | MEDAL |
a quantitative light and electron microscopic T0 of the elastic conducting small muscular resistance arteries accompanying or just PT to the terminal bronchioli and respiratory unit pulmonary arteries was carried out on the autopsy specimens of children newborn to years and three adults who died without CP disease between birth and month in muscular and respiratory unit arteries wall thickness decreased due to a reduction in mean smooth muscle cell diameter p less than and a reduction in overlap between adjacent cells in the elastic arteries the distance between adjacent elastic lamellae decreased as smooth muscle cell diameter decreased p less than for both at birth smooth muscle cells appeared immature synthetic rather than contractile organelles predominating smooth muscle cell filament thick thin and intermediate volume density increased by to by months in the small muscular arteries and by years in the elastic arteries p less than for both surface and cytoplasmic dense HB increased in a similar manner p less than the findings indicate a PN increase in contractile myofilament and surface dense bodies the amount of connective tissue in the subendothelium and media increased between month and adulthood collagen finally predominating in small muscular arteries and elastin in the conducting arteries collagen fibrils showed regional differences in size within the media between media and adventitia and between different types of artery and increased in size with age p less than thus the intrapulmonary arteries from hilum to precapillary bed adapted structurally to extrauterine life it is suggested that the high fetal pulmonary V1 resistance is due to the shape and arrangement of smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall rather than to an excessive contractility of each cell after month CR occurred more slowly with growth involving an increase in wall thickness connective tissue deposition and smooth muscle cell maturation | MEDAL |
optimal treatment for ischaemic stroke in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia all is unclear we describe an IS in an adolescent with all who underwent successful endovascular thrombectomy following leukaemic AO endovascular thrombectomy should be considered in paediatric all patients with acute ischaemic stroke and large vessel occlusion | MEDAL |
adenoviruses adv are important pathogens primarily associated to respiratory infections of children and military staff even though it is also associated to many clinical manifestations such as cystitis conjunctivitis diarrhea hepatitis MC and encephalitis the goals of this study were to detect and type acute NMRD associated adv isolates among military trainees in a selected region without an evidence of an outbreak throat swab samples were obtained during february march period from military male trainees aged who were presented with respiratory tract symptoms and an oral temperature of or degrees c all specimens were tested by hep CC and realtime taqman pcr with adv TPS primers and probes positive CC results presented as advspecific cytopathic effects were confirmed by realtime polymerase chain reaction pcr adv subgroup differentiation were performed using conventional pcr assays with the primer set TPS for subgroup b c or e subgroup specific pcr products were restricted with mspl enzyme in order to check whether they were TPS or not adv positivity was detected in samples by cell culture and in by the realtime pcr all culture positive samples were also positive by realtime pcr eight of the nine realtime pcrpositive specimens were found to be in the subgroup e this group contains only adv type and the results were confirmed with RE analysis one isolate could not be typed with the available primers these data indicated that both RT taqman pcr and restriction enzyme analysis provide CS and specific tools for adv detection and subgroup differentiation for throat swab specimens it can be concluded that since the prevalence of adv infections was low in the study group adv infections were not considered as a vaccine requiring health problem in turkish armed forces however larger scale studies were needed to reach a more precise conclusion | MEDAL |
the pulmonary response to hyperoxia is highly variable depending on such seemingly disparate biologic AF as gestational age sex hormonal milieu and NS descriptively the magnitude and direction of these biologic differences in response to hyperoxia correlate with the triglyceride content of developing fetal rat lung fibroblasts frlfs mechanistically these same AF affect the triglyceride content of frlfs eg d frlfs contain more triglyceride than d frlfs female frlfs contain more triglyceride than male frlfs d dexamethasone increases frlf triglyceride content dihydrotestosterone decreases it nutritionally SE of frlfs to graded amounts of serum triglyceride results in increased intracellular frlf triglyceride content to test the hypothesis that these biologic differences in intracellular triglyceride content may account for differences in the cytoprotection of lung fibroblasts against oxidant injury FB cultures representing each of these biologic groups were challenged with graded doses of the ROS species hydrogen peroxide mm for min the number of surviving cells and their antioxidant status as measured by lipid peroxidation and GSH of the surviving cells were determined we found that in response to hydrogen peroxide d frlfs were more resistant than d frlfs female frlfs were more resistant than male frlfs dexamethasonetreated frlfs were more resistant than dihydrotestosteronetreated fibroblasts fibroblasts fed increasing amounts of SS triglycerides were increasingly resistant to hydrogen peroxide cell survival in different SS triglyceride and hormonetreated CG was not related to the antioxidant status as measured by GSH these data are consistent with the hypothesized role of frlf triglycerides as antioxidants | MEDAL |
this article reports a continuous audit of pressure ulcer incidence within a specialist palliative care unit over years details of every patient admission were considered patients of these were admitted with pressure ulcers while developed pressure damage during their stay the retrospective audit looked at the ulcers developing in the unit and found these patients were older stayed days longer and more of them died than the average for all patients admitted to the unit in total were accurately assessed at high or very high risk using the waterlow pressure sore risk assessment tool and of ulcers were grade or measured using the stirling pressure sore severity scale reid and morrison of all developing ulcers were sacral and the position of the tumour as well as comfort and positioning difficulties were considered most often responsible despite this knowledge and many improvements introduced the incidence did not improve with SF ulcers often developing in the last days of life | MEDAL |
the effects of the insulin secretagogue KIC and of arginine on insulin release intracellular adenosine triphosphate atp concentration and the activity of single k channels in cellattached membrane patches have been studied in primary cultures of betacells from AD rat islets of langerhans insulin secretion was significantly increased by ketoisocaproate mm the time course of this PR was biphasic Arg mm did not stimulate insulin secretion in the absence of ketoisocaproate or Arg two kinds of k channel were regularly observed in cellattached membrane patches held at the cell resting potential a channel of approximately ps conductance and a channel of ps conductance ko mm room temperature addition of KIC mm to the bath suppressed the activity of the ps channel and initiated action potentials arginine mm was without effect the intracellular concentration of atp was increased significantly by ketoisocaproate mm but not by arginine mm it is suggested that like gl ketoisocaproate depolarizes the betacell and mediates insulin secretion by reducing the open probability of the ps k channel the results are also consistent with the idea that both secretagogues inhibit this channel by increasing the cytoplasmic concentration of atp | MEDAL |
human ribonuclease inhibitor ri is a cytoplasmic Pa the experiment demonstrated that it might effectively inhibit tumorinduced angiogenesis and inhibit tumor growth RI is constructed almost entirely of leucinerich repeats which might be involved in unknown biological effects besides inhibiting rnase a and angiogenin activities the exact molecular mechanism of antitumor on RI remains unclear so far in order to further understand the function of RI and investigate the relationship with RT growth our T0 established a transfection of human RI cdna into the murine B1 by the retroviral packaging cell L1 pa the cell L1 transfected with a stably high expression of RI was identified we found that the transfected ribonuclease inhibitor could obviously inhibit cell proliferation regulate cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis in vitro mice that were injected with the B1 transfected ri cdna showed a significant inhibition of the RT growth with lighter RT weight lower density of MV longer latent periods and survival time than those in the other two control CG in conclusion the results reveal the novel mechanism that antitumor effect of RI is also associated with inducing apoptosis regulating Tc and inhibiting proliferation besides antiangiogenesis these results suggest that ribonuclease inhibitor might be a candidate of tumor suppressor gene in some tissues ri could become a target gene for GT our T0 may be of biological and clinical importance | MEDAL |
the steady state C2 of both mitochondrial and nuclear transcripts were examined in a kearnssayre syndrome patient harboring a heteroplasmic kb mitochondrial dna deletion transcripts originating from the genes located outside of the deletion were present in similar amounts to those of control samples with the transcript levels of each tissue linked to its oxidative phosphorylation capacities transcripts originating from genes within the deletion were reduced according to the percentage of mtdna deleted molecules in the tissue the F0 transcript resulting from the rearranged genome is expressed in all the tissues tested and its level is related to the amount of the deleted mtdna the rna C2 from three nuclear genes encoding two of the adenine nucleotide translocator isoforms ant and and the beta subunit of the atpsynthase atpsyn beta were significantly induced in the different tissues independently of the percentage of deleted mtdna molecules in contrast the ant and atpsyn beta C2 were decreased in skeletal muscle this result could be related to the different distribution of the deleted molecules in tissues | MEDAL |
a new oleanene glucuronide called melilotussaponin o was isolated together with three known ones from the roots of melilotus officinalis l pallas leguminosae the structure of was determined to be oalphalrhamnopyranosylalphalarabinopyranosyl betadgalactopyranosylbetadglucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol b by spectroscopic and chemical methods | MEDAL |
the IB of ca to human prothrombin has been investigated by equilibrium dialysis the protein exhibited a positive cooperativity phenomenon for the first three ca bound eleven to twelve ca IB sites have been found they could be differentiated in terms of two classes of sites with respect to their ca affinity strong IB sites log kassoc and weak binding CS log kassoc we attempted to determine the hill coefficient of the strong binding CS responsible for cooperativity results have been compared to data previously reported for bovine prothrombin | MEDAL |
muramyldipeptide mdp a metabolite of bacterial PCW has a variety of biological effects including the induction of acute phase serum glycoproteins and fever and the promotion of slow wave sleep MDP and other products derived from immune responses may act directly in the cns to recruit AA autonomic and endocrine responses to disease to test this hypothesis the properties of single neuron discharges following local application microiontophoresis of mdp within the SmI the dorsal hippocampus and the medial basal hypothalamus were studied in rats the results obtained from cortical n HPC n and hypothalamic n SN demonstrated a direct effect of mdp upon all three regions of the brain in addition mdp modified the responses of these same neurons to morphine these results support a role of mdp in the process of neuroimmune modulation and further demonstrate an interaction between lymphoid agents and opioids in the cns | MEDAL |
reversible changes in the redox state of cysteine residues represent an important mechanism with which to regulate protein function in mitochondria such redox reactions modulate the localization or activity of a group of proteins most of which function in poorly defined pathways with essential roles in copper delivery to cytochrome c oxidase cox during holoenzyme biogenesis to date a total of soluble cox cox cox pet cmc and integral membrane cox sco sco accessory proteins with cysteinecontaining domains that reside within the mitochondrial intermembrane space ims have been identified in yeast all of which have human orthologues compelling evidence from studies of cox sco and sco argues that regulation of the redox state of their cysteines is integral to their metallochaperone function redox also appears to be crucial to the regulation of a scodependent mitochondrial signaling pathway that modulates the rate of copper efflux from the cell here i review our understanding of redoxdependent modulation of copper delivery to cox and imslocalized copperzinc superoxide dismutase sod during the maturation of each enzyme and discuss how this in turn may serve to functionally couple mitochondrial copper handling pathways with those localized elsewhere in the cell to regulate cellular copper homeostasis | MEDAL |
rb zygotes were cultured in media containing varying concentrations of puromycin and actinomycin d in order to determine what effect these agents have on events of fertilization and early development concentrations of puromycin greater than m inhibited mitosis cytokinesis of fertilized eggs and leucine incorporation in approximately of the zygotes treated with puromycin m or greater the female pronucleus remained at its site of formation the cortex and did not migrate centrad in these instances the male PN moved from its site of development to the female pronucleus concentrations of actinomycin d greater than m also inhibited mitosis and cytokinesis of fertilized eggs breakdown of the nuclear envelopes and association of the paternally and maternallyderived chromatin did not occur in either puromycin or actinomycin dtreated embryos actinomycin d at all of the concentrations employed to m had little effect upon the structure of nucleoluslike HB within male and female PN male and female PN of puromycin m and actinomycin d m treated zygotes incubated with 3H thymidine and prepared for scintillation counting and ARG synthesized dna at a reduced level when compared to control specimens although side effects of puromycin and actinomycin d treatment are not excluded these results suggest that nascent proteins may be required for events of fertilization | MEDAL |
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzymea reductase hmgr inhibitors more commonly known as statins represent the gold standard in treating hypercholesterolemia although statins are regarded as generally safe they are known to cause myopathy and in rare cases rhabdomyolysis statindependent effects on plasma lipids are mediated through the inhibition of hmgr in the hepatocyte whereas evidence suggests that myotoxicity is due to inhibition of hmgr within the myocyte thus an inhibitor with increased selectivity for HCs could potentially result in an improved therapeutic window implementation of a strategy that focused on in vitro potency compound polarity cell selectivity and oral absorption followed by extensive efficacy and safety modeling in guinea pig and rat resulted in the ID of compound b bms using this discovery pathway we compared b to other marketed statins to demonstrate its outstanding tau and safety profile with the potential to generate an excellent therapeutic window b was advanced into clinical development | MEDAL |
we have established a systemic gene delivery rat system by using cultured mu embryonic yolk sac cells which can be easily GM in vitro and participate in angiogenesis in vivo when Matrigel MG are provided in syngeneic mice in the present study we successfully applied this system to allogeneic mice in order to suppress donor cellspecific immune responses the costimulatory ST pathway of t cell activation was blocked by treating the recipient allogeneic B6 mice with ratantimouse b antibody as a result of this suppression human growth hormone the therapeutic gene product could be detected for over days while it could only be detected in mice treated with ratigga the isotype control of antib for fewer than days this is the first ex vivo gene delivery system that can express a therapeutic gene product longterm in an allogeneic host | MEDAL |
previous studies showed that myocardial CE can be used to detect relative regional underperfusion in a canine model of critical coronary stenoses the aim of this study was to determine if myocardial contrast echocardiography performed with a sterile sonicated human serum albumin preparation albunex molecular biosystems san diego calif could detect the presence of coronary stenoses of VL degrees of severity the results were compared with myocardial blood flow as assessed by radiolabeled microspheres in openchest dogs during baseline following the creation of a coronary stenosis of variable severity and at the peak of dipyridamoleinduced hyperemia when flow ratios that is flow in the control areaischemic area were examined a good rho was observed between the area under the timeintensity curve and radioactive microsphere blood flow r p which allowed distinction of mild from severe stenosis however a consistent underestimation of the dipyridamoleinduced hyperemia by myocardial contrast echo was seen in the control zone this could be partially explained by a simultaneous increase in coronary blood flow and blood volume with dipyridamole and by attenuation of the ultrasound signal because of the high concentration of microbubbles at high flows MCE can quantitate the amount of jeopardized myocardium during various degrees of coronary stenoses | MEDAL |
background correction is an important preprocessing step for microarray data that attempts to adjust the data for the ambient intensity surrounding each feature the normexp method models the observed pixel intensities as the sum of random variables one normally distributed and the other exponentially distributed representing background noise and signal respectively using a saddlepoint approximation ritchie and others found normexp to be the best background correction method for color microarray data this article develops the normexp method further by improving the estimation of the parameters a CR mathematical OD is given of the normexp model and the associated saddlepoint approximation some subtle numerical NLP issues are solved which caused the original normexp method to fail occasionally when applied to unusual data sets a practical and reliable algorithm is developed for exact maximum likelihood estimation mle using highquality optimization software and using the saddlepoint estimates as starting values mle is shown to outperform heuristic estimators proposed by other authors both in terms of estimation accuracy and in terms of performance on real data the saddlepoint approximation is an adequate replacement in most practical situations the performance of normexp for assessing differential expression is improved by adding a small offset to the QTc intensities | MEDAL |
this T0 describes a personal experience with the use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery to facilitate surgical access and to determine the ability of this technique to reduce the need for major abdominal procedure and prevent the need for a temporary or permanent colostomy in select patients with known or suspected RC | MEDAL |
the nanosecond timeresolved fluorescence and fluorescence lifetime quenching have been used to detect the conformational changes of human erythrocyte glucose transporter induced by its ligands results show that dglucose can decrease the fluorescence lifetimes while lglucose exhibits no effect the fluorescence lifetime quenching results also show that in the presence of dglucose the quenching efficiency of hypocrellin b a hydrophobic quencher obtained from a parasitic fungus growing in yunnan china is lower than in the presence of lglucose it can be deduced that the conformational changes of human erythrocyte glucose transporter induced by dglucose are different from those induced by lglucose | MEDAL |
alterations in high density lipoprotein hdl composition that occur in dyslipidemic states may modulate a number of events involved in cholesterol homeostasis to elucidate the details of how hdlcore composition can affect the molecular structure of different kinds of hdl particles the conformation and stability of apoai have been investigated in homogeneous recombinant hdl particles lpai containing POPC popc triolein tg andor cholesteryl linoleate ce in a discoidal particle containing two molecules of apoai and molecules of popc apoai exhibits an alphahelix content of and a free energy of stability of its alphahelical segments delta gd of kcalmol inclusion of eight molecules of tg into the complex significantly reduces the alphahelix content and stability of apoai whereas inclusion of four molecules of ce into the complex has an opposite effect in that the alphahelix content is significantly reduced and the stability of the remaining alphahelical structure of apoai is increased neutral lipids have a different effect on apoai conformation in spherical lpai particles in a sonicatedspherical lpai particle containing two molecules of apoai and molecules of popc apoai exhibits an alphahelix content of about and a delta gd of kcalmol apoai inclusion of either molecules of tg or six molecules of ce into such a particle increases both the alphahelix content and stability of apoai increasing the cetg ratio in lpai particles that contain both neutral lipids enhances the stability of the alphahelical segments apoai molecules tend to dissociate and cause particle instability when delta gd for the lipidbound alphahelices is less than that for helices in the lipidfree state the stabilities of both discoidal and spherical lpai particles are relatively low when the only neutral lipid present is tg but the particle stability is enhanced by the presence of ce molecules such dissociation of apoai molecules from lpai particles that have a low cetg ratio would be promoted in the hypertriglyceridemic state in vivo | MEDAL |
studies of stressinduced cardiac hypertrophy suggest that myocardial mass is regulated by the circulating level of EN the trophic effect is mediated by cardiac betaadrenergic receptors and in the murine rat and dog HR specifically by beta adrenergic receptors the wellcharacterized functional effects of catecholamines on HR have obscured their role as myocardial trophic hormones therefore we compared the effect of betaadrenergic receptor stimulation on the myocardial mass of both a working innervated heart and an essentially nonworking denervated heterotopically Tx heart in the same rat in this model the neural and stretch parameters are nonoperational in the Tx HR ODC odc an enzyme elevated in a dosedependent manner in HR by isoproterenol was assayed in both NF to determine the relationship between odc activity and myocardial mass in response to isoproterenol administration in working innervated HR compared to denervated nonworking HR in both recipient and donor heart the myocardial mass paralleled the ability of an isoproterenol bolus to stimulate odc in the respective HR however betaadrenergic receptor activity in the donor heart was decreased days after transplantation as assessed by the differential ability of a single dose of isoproterenol to stimulate odc activity betareceptor coupling to odc activity in the donor heart exceeded that of the recipient HR at days posttransplantation suggesting a timedependent elevation of betaadrenergic receptor activity in donor heart at all times alterations in myocardial mass paralleled betaadrenoceptor activity as assessed by the ability of isoproterenol administration to elevate odc activity the results support the concept that myocardial mass is regulated by the level of circulating hormones particularly EN | MEDAL |
duration of heart rate QTc interval qtc is a crucial and critical factor in the assessment of repolarization changes considering safety of drugs and cardiac disorders in rats a validated approach to qt correction is lacking in this study we tested the normalization of qtc using normalization factor according to rats cardiac cycle length rr standard lead ecg was measured in anesthetized rats at basal conditions and at various pharmacological conditions such as betaadrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol or medication with clarithromycin single or repeated dosing for seven days bisoprolol or ivabradine for qt correction standard QTc qtcbqtrr and bazetts formula normalized to average rat rr qtcnbqtrrf fms were compared duration of qt showed a positive correlation with rr duration pearson r p calculated qtcb gave fold of values of UCVA qt whereas values of normalized qtcnb were in the physiological range qtcnb was unrelated to rr pearson r not significant but the relationship between qtcnb and qt remained preserved pearson r p both single and repeated administration of clarithromycin prolonged qt as compared to the controls but a significant dosedependent difference between clarithromycin applications was revealed only when qtcnb was used betaadrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol prolonged while betablockade with bisoprolol shortened qtcnb ivabradine dosedependently induced bradycardia without altering qt however qtcnb showed false positive shortening at sustained bradycardia therefore adjusted formula for qtcnb is suitable for qt correction in rats but its use should be considered carefully in case of very low HR rate | MEDAL |
the cells forming the rat decidua produce prl and prlrelated proteins and express both the long and short forms of the prl receptor yet only a defined subpopulation the mesometrial cells express the prldependent alphamacroglobulin gene this gene is silenced in vivo in the antimesometrial cells and in the ggad cell L1 derived from antimesometrial cells to examine whether the lack of alphamacroglobulin expression is due to defective components in the prl signaling pathway we compared the relative expression of janus kinase jak signal transducer and activator of transcription a and b stat a and b suppressor of SOCS socs and the tyrosine phosphatase shp mrna in mesometrial and antimesometrial decidua on days and of pseudopregnancy the time of maximal alphamacroglobulin expression we found no significant differences in the relative expression of either jak stat a and b or shp in the two cell populations however we discovered a profound difference in the expression of socs an inhibitor of the jakstat pathway this gene was highly expressed in the antimesometrial cells and in the ggad cells which do not produce alphamacroglobulin immunoprecipitation experiments with ggad cells revealed that although jak and stat coprecipitate in response to prl stimulation no phosphorylation of jak and stat could be observed to examine whether socs plays a role in silencing the alphamacroglobulin gene we cultured ggad cells in the presence of either a socs antisense oligonucleotide or an irrelevant oligonucleotide for and h cells were also treated with prl within h of socs antisense treatment alphamacroglobulin mrna expression was initiated T3 h only cells treated with prl and socs AO retained the ability to express the alphamacroglobulin gene in summary results of this T0 reveal that constitutive expression of socs can prevent prl signaling and that the lack of prlinduced expression of alphamacroglobulin in a defined decidual cell population is largely due to socs expression in these cells | MEDAL |
premature convergence is one of the bestknown drawbacks that affects the performance of evolutionary algorithms an alternative for dealing with this problem is to explicitly try to maintain proper diversity in this paper a new replacement strategy that preserves useful diversity is presented the novelty of our method is that it combines the idea of transforming a singleobjective problem into a multiobjective one by considering diversity as an explicit objective with the idea of adapting the balance induced between exploration and exploitation to the various optimization stages specifically in the initial phases larger amounts of diversity are accepted the diversity measure considered in this paper is based on calculating distances to the closest surviving individual analyses with a multimodal CF better justify the design decisions and provide greater insight into the working operation of the proposal computational results with a packing problem that was proposed in a popular contest illustrate the usefulness of the proposal the new method significantly improves on the best results known to date for this problem and compares favorably against a C1 number of stateoftheart schemes | MEDAL |
cholesteryl hemisuccinate chems is an acidic CE that selfassembles into bilayers in ALP and neutral aqueous media and is commonly employed in mixtures with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine dope to form ph sensitive fusogenic vesicles we show here that chems itself exhibits ph CS polymorphism this is evident from the fusogenic properties of C1 unilamellar vesicles luv composed of chems and direct visualization employing freezefracture electron microscopy below ph luv composed of chems undergo fusion as monitored by lipid mixing assays and freezefracture EM reveal the characteristic striated signature of h parallel phase lipid it is suggested that the ph dependent phase preferences of chems contribute to the ph sensitivity of luv composed of mixtures of chems and dope | MEDAL |
non selected patients underwent laparoscopy with the photolaparoscope equipped first with luminaoptic and subsequently with the magnifying optic of lent wolf gmbh knittlingen wgermany the results are cn of the lipoprotein lipidapo b ratios in the various hyperlipidemic disorders are summarized in contrast to apo aii the immunoreactivity of apo ai was not fully exposed in whole sera and in isolated lipoproteins the different methods used to measure the apo ai immunoreactivity are discussed in normolipidemic subjects the serum apo ai concentration in males and females was and g per l m sd respectively while the corresponding SS apo aii values were g per l and g per l in subjects with tangiers disease the serum apo ai and apo aii concentrations were less than percent and to percent of that found in controls the SS apo ai level was also reduced in two subjects with abetalipoproteinemia g per l and g per l and tye ii hyperlipoproteinemia range to g per l in NTG subjects and those with type iia hyperlipoproteinemia the total plasma apo cii concentrations were g per l and g per l m se plasma apo cii C2 in type iib type iv and type v lipoproteinemic subjects were and g per l respectively and were significantly higher than in the NTG subjects an analysis of the relationship between the apo cii content and the lipoprotein lipase activator properties of vldl isolated from normo and hypertriglyceridemic plasma samples is presented | MEDAL |
as a L1 AS component in green tea epigallocatechin ogallate egcg has many antioxidative activities this study investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of egcg was capable of suppressing oxidative AS in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction uuo and probed the potential mechanisms involved in total AD male rats were randomly divided into CG n each the control group group n the unilateral ureteral obstruction uuo group group c where the unilateral ureter was ligated resulting in an obstructive nephropathy model and the egcg group group t following unilateral ureteral ligation rats were intraperitoneally injected with egcg at a dosage of t t and mgkgday t each group of rats was sacrificed h after surgery we evaluated the effects of egcg on the reactive oxygen species ros reduced glutathione gsh Ox glutathione gssg and glutathione in the renal tissue of rats immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were applied to detect nuclear factor erythoidderived related factor nrf and γglutamylcysteine synthetase γgcs protein expression RT pcr was performed to detect the mrna levels of nrf and γgcs changes in renal ultrastructure were also observed using electron microscopy there was no significant difference in gsh and compared with group n ros gssg and total gsh levels were much higher in the t CG p while much lower than those of group c p protein levels of nrf and γgcs and the mrna levels of nrf and γgcs notably increased in egcgtreated rats all p furthermore electron microscopy showed that renal ultrastructure was improved in the treatment CG our findings suggest that resulting from suppression of oxidative stress influenced by free radicals egcg exerts a protective effect on rats with obstructive nephropathy and this antioxidative effect may be partly induced by activating the nrf signaling pathway | MEDAL |
ceruloplasmin is an abundant serum glycoprotein containing greater than of the copper found in the plasma of vertebrate species although this protein is known to CF as an essential ferroxidase the role of ceruloplasmin in copper transport and metabolism remains unclear to elucidate the role of ceruloplasmin in copper metabolism the kinetics of copper absorption transport distribution and excretion were examined utilizing cu in wildtype and aceruloplasminemic mice no differences in gastrointestinal absorption hepatic uptake or biliary excretion were observed in these animals furthermore Css measurements of tissue copper content utilizing cu and AA spectroscopy revealed no differences in the copper content of the BB heart spleen and kidney consistent with these findings the activity of copperzinc superoxide dismutase in these tissues was equivalent in wildtype and ceruloplasmindeficient mice hepatic iron was elevated fold in aceruloplasminemic mice because of the loss of ferroxidase function hepatic copper content was markedly increased in aceruloplasminemic mice as no differences were observed in copper absorption or biliary copper excretion these data suggest that in these animals hepatocyte copper intended for ceruloplasmin incorporation is trafficked into a compartment that is less available for biliary copper excretion taken together these data reveal no essential role for ceruloplasmin in copper metabolism and suggest a previously unappreciated complexity to the subcellular CSD of this metce of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental antibody transfer antibody transfer for herpes simplex virus hsv respiratory syncytial virus rsv and varicellazoster virus vzv was significantly reduced by PM infection by and respectively maternal hypergammaglobulinemia was associated with a significant reduction in antibody transfer for hsv rsv vzv and pneumococcus by and respectively in addition placental malaria infection was associated with a significant reduction in transfer of igg igg and igg p p and p respectively but not of igg p maternal hypergammaglobulinemia significantly impaired the transfer of igg and igg p but not of igg or igg p and p respectively PM infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia were associated with reduction in the transplacental transfer of these TPS antibodies igg and igg in this gambian population | MEDAL |
the choice remains controversial as to which surgical procedure should be selected for carcinomas situated in the esophagus at the cervicothoracic junction involving the tr after mediastinal tracheostomy associated with pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and thoracic esophagectomy numerous reports have previously described severe postoperative complications such as tracheal CN and rupture of the great vessels in the neck to prevent such complications we have developed the procedure called upper esophagectomy followed by a free jejunal graft and mediastinal tracheostomy through either manuburectomy or upper median sternotomy we have established that this procedure maintains the V1 networks between the trachea and the esophagus avoids an occurrence of tracheal CN or great vessel one postoperatively and obtains an improved prognosis in the surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma at the cervicothoracic junction | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to evaluate the effects of naocl on bond strengths of four bonding systemsclearfil se bond prompt lpop primebond nt and scotchbond multi purpose plusto pulp chamber mesial walls forty mandibular third molar teeth were used in the study the pulp chambers of the first teeth were restored with DBA and composite resins T3 naocl irrigation and the remaining teeth were restored without naocl treatment each bonding group had five teeth three rectangular thin sticks mm were obtained from the mesial wall of restored pulp chambers by horizontal sectioning in general naocl application decreased the bond strength values of the bonding agents both clearfil se bond and prompt lpop without naocl showed higher bond strength values than the other bonding CG in naoclapplied CG clearfil se bond had the highest bond strength it can be concluded that selfetching bonding systems are more successful than the other systems in bonding to pulp chamber dentinal wall and that naocl reduces bond strength | MEDAL |
fluorescein angiographic sequences from patients with angioid streaks were evaluated in contrast to previous reports the streaks usually showed an early central zone of hypofluorescence we postulated that the hypofluorescence was due to a break in bruch membrane causing a separation of the CC this resulted in an area of nonperfusion adjacent lightcolored areas were hyperfluorescent possibly due to abnormal retinal pigment epithelium thickened bruch membrane and patent CC the hypofluorescence of the paired redbrown spots may have resulted from an increased pigment density the intermittent hypofluorescent spots comprising the area of peau dorange were thought due to focal dehiscences in bruch membrane and the choriocapillaris the hyperfluorescent isolated focal lesions may have resulted from an abnormal thickening of bruch membrane and a patent CC | MEDAL |
secretory immunoglobulin a siga prevents adherence of pathogens at mucosal surfaces to prevent invasive infection polymeric immunoglobulin receptor pigr is located on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and binds dimeric immunoglobulin a iga produced by PCs in the lamina propria this igapigr complex is transported apically where iga is exocytosed as siga to the mucosal surface our prior work shows that mice fed i.g. ig an elemental diet MM and iv parenteral nutrition pn solution have reduced intestinal t and b cells siga and interleukin il compared with mice fed chow or a complex enteral diet ced prior work also demonstrates a reduction in iga transport to mucosal surfaces in iv pnfed mice because il upregulates pigr production this work studies the effects of these diets on intestinal pigr | MEDAL |
this T0 tested the TE hypothesis that construction of an osteochondral composite graft could be accomplished using multipotent progenitor cells and phenotypespecific biomaterials rat bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells mscs were cultureexpanded and separately stimulated with transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta for chondrogenic differentiation or with an osteogenic supplement os mscs exposed to tgfbeta were loaded into a sponge composed of a hyaluronan derivative hyaf for the construction of the cartilage component of the composite VG and mscs exposed to os were loaded into a porous calcium phosphate ceramic component for bone formation cellloaded hyaff sponge and ceramic were joined together with FS tisseel to form a composite osteochondral VG which was then implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in syngeneic rats specimens were harvested at and weeks after implantation examined with histology for morphologic features and stained immunohistochemically for type i ii and x collagen the twocomponent composite graft remained as an integrated unit after in vivo implantation and histologic processing fibrocartilage was observed in the sponge and bone was detected in the ceramic component observations with polarized light indicated continuity of collagen SF between the ceramic and hyaff components in the week specimens type i collagen was identified in the neotissue in both sponge and ceramic and type ii collagen in the fibrocartilage especially the PCM of cells in the sponge these data suggest that the construction of a tissueengineered composite osteochondral graft is possible with mscs and different biomaterials and bioactive AF that support either chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation | MEDAL |
the response of isolated rat pulmonary arteries to acute hypoxia has previously been reported to be biphasic consisting of an initial rapid contraction of short duration followed by partial EC50 phase and then a second slowly developed but sustained contraction phase the purpose of this study was to determine the following whether products from the EC might be required whether extra andor intracellular calcium or protein kinase c might be second messengers in mediating the pulmonary arterial hypoxic contraction and whether or not guanosine cyclic monophosphate cgmp endotheliumderived relaxing factor edrf prostaglandin i pgi or a adenosine receptor activation is involved in phase EC50 neither cafree media nor verapamil a ca channel blocker altered the phase contraction but the phase contraction was abolished by either of these treatments ryanodine a sarcoplasmic reticulum ca depleter had no effect on phase contraction h a pkc inhibitor inhibited the phase contraction whereas it had no effect on phase contraction removal of the EC abolished phase contraction in either cafree media or normal ca media but did not alter phase contraction or phase EC50 neither methylene blue guanylate cyclason of urinary tract the child must have a sterile compliant and continent urinary tract on the day of the operation in small children kg it is often necessary to operate through a transperitoneal incision especially if the donor is an AD the anastomoses will then concern the aorta and vena cava the results are good even better than in adults except for very young children under six years of age transplantation with living related donor lrd give the best results currently the graft survival is to T3 three years with lrd versus to with CAD donors | MEDAL |
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pdac is characterized by an extremely dense fibrotic stroma which contributes to RT growth metastasis and DR during tumorigenesis quiescent pancreatic stellate cells pscs are activated and become major contributors to fibrosis by increasing growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix deposition the p tumor suppressor is known to restrict RT initiation and progression through cell autonomous mechanisms including apoptosis cell cycle arrest and senescence there is growing evidence that stromal p also exerts antitumor activity by paracrine mechanisms though a role for stromal p in pdac has not yet been described here we demonstrate that activation of stromal p exerts antitumor effects in pdac we show that primary cancerassociated pscs capscs isolated from human pdac express wildtype p which can be activated by the mdm antagonist nutlina our work reveals that p acts as a L1 regulator of psc activation and as a modulator of pdac fibrosis in vitro p activation by nutlina induces profound transcriptional changes which reprogram G1 pscs to G0 using immunofluorescence and lipidomics we have also found that p activation induces lipid droplet accumulation in both normal and tumorassociated fibroblasts revealing a previously undescribed role for p in lipid storage in vivo treatment of tumorbearing mice with the clinical form of nutlina induces stromal p activation reverses capscs activation and decreases fibrosis all together our work uncovers new functions for stromal p in pdac | MEDAL |
quasielastic CS scattering has been used to examine solutions and gels of deoxyhemoglobin s the ACF is found to decay with a characteristic exponential relaxation which can be ascribed to the DWI of monomer molecular weight hemoglobin s molecules in the absence of polymers the relaxation time is in good agreement with previous measurements of the diffusion coefficient for solutions of normal HbA in the presence of the CP phase a C1 greater than fold increase in the scattered intensity is observed but no contribution to the decay of the autocorrelation CF from the motion of the aligned polymer phase can be detected heterodyning between the timeindependent scattering amplitude from the polymers and the timedependent scattering of the diffusing monomers results in a twofold increase in the EC50 time arising from monomer diffusion | MEDAL |
in mammals and plants the cell nucleus is organized in dynamic macromolecular domains involved in dna and rna metabolism these domains can be visualized by CS and electron microscopy and their composition analyzed by using several cytochemical approaches they are composed of chromatin or ribonucleoprotein structures as interchromatin and perichromatin SF and LG coiled bodies and nuclear HB in plants dna arrangement defines chromocentric and reticulated nuclei we used atomic force microscopy to study the in situ structure of the plant cell nucleus samples of the plants lacandonia schismatica and ginkgo biloba were prepared as for electron microscopy and unstained semithin sections were mounted on glass slides for comparison we also examined entire NRK using the same RPA samples were scanned with an atomic force TSM working in contact mode recognizable images of the nuclear env pores chromatin and nucleolus were observed reticulated chromatin was observed in l schismatica different textures in the nucleolus of g biloba were also observed suggesting the presence of nucleolar subcompartments the observation of nuclear structure in situ with the atomic force microscope offers a new approach for the analysis of this organelle at high resolution | MEDAL |
previously we have shown that fibroblasts established from type iii bare lymphocyte syndrome patient abi are characterized by the absence of mhc class ii gene expression and a strongly reduced amount of mhc class i transcripts complementation analysis has suggested that the gene defective in these abi fibroblasts is different from that encoding the class ii Tat ciita which has been attributed an essential role in both constitutive and inducible expression of mhc class ii genes in the present study it is shown by reverse transcriptasepcr analysis that the amount of ciita transcripts in abi fibroblasts is greatly reduced compared with that in fibroblasts derived from a healthy individual transient cotransfection of a construct in which ciita is under the control of a constitutive promoter with an hladra promoterluciferase reporter plasmid resulted in enhanced luciferase expression in abi fibroblasts furthermore abi fibroblasts stably transfected with ciita reexpress functional DR ags but do not express hladq and dp ags at the cell surface comparison of these data with those obtained for NF and fibroblasts defective for ciita indicate that the gene defect and the resulting lack of mhc class ii expression in abi fibroblasts can only partly be corrected by the introduction of ciita furthermore dnase i hypersensitivity analysis of abi fibroblasts has revealed a closed chromatin structure in the promoter region of the mhc class ii dra gene however ciita transfection resulted in an open dna configuration which suggests a role for ciita in provoking changes in the chromatin structure of the dra gene | MEDAL |
KS is the most frequent cause of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in men a flat response at luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulation test could be the first sign of Thy tumor in these patients we report the case of a patient diagnosed by neonatal screening with klinefelter syndrome xxy that at years followup presents analytical modification of the response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone stimulation test with suppressed luteinizing hormone and folliclestimulating hormone values lately he presents with headache and loss of left eye vision a magnetic resonance imaging of the BB showed a mixed germ cell hypothalamus RT requiring surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy with optimal response | MEDAL |
the extent of the cerebrospinal fluid csf spaces was measured in ct examinations reported as normal in children aged months to years the measurements of the csf compartments were divided by the sum of the transverse and longitudinal internal cranial diameters in the corresponding ct section in order to take into account the size and shape of the growing skull all csf spaces were relatively larger in the younger or years than in the older children but did not differ between boys and girls since the cranial size was taken into account the csf compartments increased in a nonuniform manner during the first years of life but after the age of four they developed uniformly and in parallel with the growing skull measurements of the subarachnoid spaces formed an agerelated table which may be of value when interpreting BB ct examinations of children | MEDAL |
successful immobilized metal affinity chromatography imac of proteins on cuiminodiacetic acid sepharose has been carried out in a MSD mode using a synthetic copolymer of vinyl imidazole and vinyl caprolactam polyvivcl as a displacer vinyl caprolactam renders the copolymer with the thermosensitivity eg property of the copolymer to precipitate nearly quantitatively from AQ solution on increase of the temperature to degrees c a thermostable lactate dehydrogenase from the thermophilic bacterium bacillus stearothermophilus modified with a histag hisldh has been purified using an imac column for the first time it was clearly demonstrated that a polymeric displacer polyvivcl was more efficient compared to a monomeric displacer imidazole of the same chemical nature probably due to the multipoint interaction of imidazole groups within the same macromolecule with one cu ion CR elution of bound hisldh has been achieved at mm concentration of imidazole units of the copolymer mgml while this concentration of free imidazole was sufficient to elute only weakly bound proteins complete elution of hisldh by the free imidazole was achieved only at concentrations as high as mm thus it was clearly demonstrated that the efficiency of lowmolecularmass displacer could be improved significantly by converting it into a polymeric displacer having interacting CG of the same chemical nature | MEDAL |
the counterregulation of catecholamine action by insulin includes insulinstimulated sequestration of the betaadrenergic receptor herein we examined the signaling downstream of insulin receptor activation focusing upon the role of phosphatidylinositol kinase and the serinethreonine protein kinase akt also known as protein kinase b in the internalization of betaadrenergic receptors inhibition of phosphatidylinositol kinase by ly blocks insulininduced sequestration of the betaadrenergic receptor implicating akt in downstream signaling to the betaadrenergic receptor phosphorylation studies of the CT cytoplasmic domain of the betaadrenergic receptor by akt in vitro identified ser and ser within a consensus motif for akt phosphorylation double mutation ie sasa within this motif abolishes insulin counterregulation of betaadrenergic stimulation of cyclic amp accumulation as well as insulinstimulated sequestration furthermore expression of constitutively activated akt tdsd mimics insulin action on cAMP responses and betaadrenergic receptor internalization expression of the dominantnegative version of akt katasa in contrast abolishes both insulin counterregulation of the cAMP response as well as insulinstimulated sequestration of the betaadrenergic receptor the action of the serinethreonine protein kinase akt in insulin counterregulation mirrors the CE role of protein kinase a in betaagonistinduced desensitization | MEDAL |
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