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the residuum of bleached substantia nigra neuromelanin and the nonoxidized and Ox intraneuronal masses of inferior olive lipofuscin gave sudanophilic IF reactions with oil red o sudan black b and a sudan iii and iv combination stain the pigments also exhibited oxidation basophilia each having been stained by gomoris paraldehyde fuchsin method T3 bleaching or oxidation with potassium permanganate and by the modified carbol fuchsin method of barbeitolopez T3 bleaching or oxidation with hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate confirmation of the presence of lipid substances in bleached NM was obtained by repeatedly IF decolorizing and restaining the residuum of the pigment when utilizing the chemically nonreactive beta naphthol type sudan combination stain sudan iii and iv not only were tinctorial properties characteristic of LF clearly demonstrated in the bleached residuum of neuromelanin but additionally a partial separation was achieved between the relatively soluble beta naphthol type sudanstaining lipid component and an insoluble component possibly lipoprotein IF with sudan black b and both basic fuchsin dyecontaining mixtures consideration was given to the idea that the oxidation basophilia of these neuronal pigments was due to the oxidative formation or exposure of one or more kinds of acidic groups consisting of carboxyls or those containing sulfur or phosphorus | MEDAL |
intraarticular venous malformation iavm of the knee is a rare V1 disease that manifests with pain swelling and hemarthrosis a young man with left knee pain and swelling was admitted to our institution for the treatment of the iavm of the left knee which was diagnosed by a local orthopedic doctor via arthroscopy a total dose of gy of radiotherapy was delivered with a daily dose of gy using mv xray beams and a linear accelerator through anteroposterior portals fifteen months T3 radiotherapy followup examination using radiologic imaging showed distinct shrinkage of the venous malformations swelling and pain of the left knee had decreased and range of motion of the left knee was maintained this report describes a case involving a yearold man with iavm of the left knee in whom favorable outcomes were obtained in response to radiotherapy | MEDAL |
we obtained specimens for SC from the lids and conjunctivae of patients with acute conjunctivitis and control children of similar age and in addition stained the conjunctival scrapings with giemsa and gram stains the conjunctivitis was attributed to bacterial infection in patients viral infection in children and allergy in patients no cause was identified in the remaining patients in most cases the etiologic diagnosis was based on the results of laboratory studies by separately culturing microorganisms in specimens from the lids and conjunctivae of patients and control subjects we could distinguish normal flora from pathogens and blepharitis from conjunctivitis staphylococci corynebacteria and alphahemolytic streptococci were the predominant organisms recovered from the lids of control subjects in contrast haemophilus influenzae streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis were the major pathogens cultured from the conjunctival specimens from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis gram stains of conjaphy himac to prepare PMs from cultured cells membraneimpermeable succinimidyl esters inactivate alkaline phosphodiesterase apde and were used to establish the proportion of apde expressed at the cell surface the yield of inhibitable apde provides an accurate indication of plasma membrane yield which was for chinese hamster ovary cho cells plasma CM prepared by himac contained of endoplasmic reticulum golgi mitochondria lysosomes or endosomes pulsechase experiments performed with the alpha beta Int receptor confirmed the high yield of plasma membrane and demonstrated the utility of this procedure for examining trafficking of proteins to and from the BPM we determined the lipid content of plasma membranes prepared by himac cho PMs contain of total cellular phospholipid of sphingomyelin and of cholesterol phosphatidylserine was the only glycerophospholipid highly enriched in the retained fraction the glycosphingolipids lactosylceramide and ganglioside gm were enriched in the plasma membrane fraction to the same extent as sphingomyelin the L1 fraction of the glycosphingolipid precursors glucosylceramide and ceramide was localized to intracellular membranes these findings indicate that the plasma membrane of cho cells contains approximately half of the total cellular phospholipids and an even higher percentage of sphingomyelin and cholesterol the high efficiency and rapidity of this isolation procedure should aid the analysis of BPM components significantly | MEDAL |
the CR genome sequence of an PMV serotype apmv isolated from a blackheaded gull larus ridibundus in sweden was determined and compared with other apmv sequences sequence analyses showed that this isolate consists of six genes in the order nppmfhnl is nucleotides long and contains a typical avirulent F0 protein cleavage site it was also shown to have a hemagglutininneuraminidase protein with a length of amino acids aa instead of the expected aa phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolate belongs to TT i and the relationship with some other known apmv virus sequences was revealed waterfowl have been considered to act as a reservoir for apmv and therefore it is important to broaden the knowledge of viruses circulating within this population | MEDAL |
the role of videofluoroscopy with the modified barium swallow in the assessment and management of MND mnd is discussed nine patients age range with dysphagia AA to mnd were assessed over a fouryear period the examinations were carried out by a multiprofessional team of radiologist speech and language therapist and dietitian assessing the preoral oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing preoral feeding CA were present in four out of nine patients oral phase abnormalities in eight out of nine patients while of patients demonstrated abnormality in all three phases where aspiration occurred four out of nine cases no cough reflex was noted on the basis of these examinations management changes were introduced in all patients nonoral FF was continued or introduced in three patients videofluoroscopic examination with the modified barium swallow may be helpful in planning suitable FF regimes for dysphagia in mnd | MEDAL |
to investigate whether marked and sustained lipidlowering in subjects with stable angina pectoris and dyslipidemia reduces exerciseinduced myocardial ischemia subjects were treated with doseadjusted ATV over year and underwent serial evaluation of exercise electrocardiographic ischemic parameters serum biomarkers and brachial i.a. endothelial function EC function improved progressively and creactive protein pselectin and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor levels decreased but there was no decrease in exercise electrocardiographic ischemia | MEDAL |
this paper reports a casecrossover analysis in a sample of patients who consulted the emergency department ed due to an injury in santa clara california and in pachuca mexico in the analysis in which usual alcohol consumption during the last months served as the control value the estimated or of injury in the hour T3 alcohol consumption as compared with no alcohol consumption during that time was ci after controlling for alcohol use in the h period before injury the relative risks for consecutive h periods h before the injury were not significantly greater than one indicating that the induction time was less than h the relative risk varied greatly depending on raceethnicity and acculturation among the hispanics in santa clara with mexicans in pachuca showing the highest risk and the high acculturation group in santa clara showing the lowest risk violencerelated injuries were associated with higher or relative risk also varied depending on the presence of AD and usual frequency of drunkenness patients with AD and patients with VHF of usual drunkenness had lower risks than patients without alcohol dependence and with lower selfreported episodes of drunkenness in the last year when blood alcohol content at ed admission was used instead of selfreported alcohol consumption similar results were obtained these findings have important public health consequences each episode of alcohol consumption results in an increase in the ST risk for an injury especially for a violencerelated injury patients with the lowest usual involvement with alcohol are subject to a higher elevation in their risk for an injury immediately T3 alcohol consumption compared to patients who drink more heavily | MEDAL |
teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic structurally related to vancomycin both agents achieve their effect by IB to acyldalanyldalanine in the bacterial cell wall the spectrum of activity of teicoplanin like that of vancomycin is restricted to grampositive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria however the activity of the two agents is not MZ teicoplanin is generally more AS than vancomycin against streptococci and GP anaerobes the two agents exhibit similar activity against staphylococcus aureus including methicillinresistant strains and vancomycin is more active than teicoplanin against some strains of coagulasenegative staphylococci inoculum size influences the activity of teicoplanin and variations in activity against some strains of coagulasenegative staphylococci have been observed with different culture media resistance to teicoplanin and vancomycin is difficult to induce under laboratory conditions and the small increment in resistance that may develop is lost when the organisms are subcultured in the absence of the drugs | MEDAL |
combination antiretroviral therapy art for hiv infection reduces plasma virus levels to below the limit of PCD of clinical assays however even with prolonged suppression of viral replication with art viremia rebounds rapidly after treatment interruption thus art is not curative the principal barrier to cure is a remarkably stable reservoir of latent hiv in resting SM cd t cells in this review we consider explanations for the remarkable stability of the latent reservoir stability does not appear to reflect replenishment from new infection events but rather normal physiologic processes that provide for immunologic memory of particular importance are proliferative processes that drive clonal expansion of infected cells recent evidence suggests that in some infected cells proliferation is a consequence of proviral integration into host genes associated with cell growth efforts to cure hiv infection by targeting the latent reservoir may need to consider the potential of latently INF cells to proliferate | MEDAL |
HE is a frequent complication of cirrhosis when this event becomes persistent treatment compliance should be verified and any precipitating factor need to be identified also the presence of portosystemic shunts which are a rare cause of decompensation or persistence hepatic encephalopathy need to be ruled out in this paper we report the case of a year old man with persistent hepatic encephalopathy AA to the presence of a portoonfalofemoral shunt successfully closed with the placement of an amplatzer device | MEDAL |
the architecture of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum sr and transverse tubule t tubule membranes and the morphology of the two L1 proteins isolated from these membranes the ryanodine receptor or foot protein and the dihydropyridine receptor have been examined in detail evidence for a direct interaction between the foot protein and a protein component of the junctional t tubule membrane is presented comparisons between freezefracture images of the junctional sr and rotaryshadowed images of isolated triads and of the isolated foot protein show that the foot protein has two domains one is the C1 hydrophilic foot which spans the junctional gap and is composed of four subunits the other is a hydrophobic domain which presumably forms the sr carelease channel and which also has a fourfold symmetry freezefracture images of the junctional t tubule CM demonstrate the presence of diamondshaped clusters of particles that correspond exactly in position to the subunits of the feet protein these results suggest the presence of a C1 junctional complex spanning the two junctional CM and intervening gap this junctional complex is an ideal candidate for a mechanical coupling hypothesis of excitationcontraction coupling at the triadic junction | MEDAL |
endothelin et and parathyroid hormone pth increase calcium transients in rodent OB cells to investigate the role of phospholipase c plc in these hormonestimulated calcium signals the effects of u betamethoxyestra trienylaminohexylhpyrroledione a reported plc inhibitor and its inactive analog u betamethoxyestratrienylaminohexyl hpyrrolidinedione were determined intracellular calcium transients were measured in umr cells with the FL indicator fluo in normal calcium containing medium prior exposure min to u inhibited et and pth stimulated [Ca2+]i in a dosedependent microm manner with an ic of microm a concentration of microm was required for complete inhibition of responses to nm et or pth u elicited no effects over this concentration range in cells in which external calcium was reduced to less than microm by the addition of egta et signals were completely inhibited by microm u and the ic was microm in the low external calcium medium the pth response was abolished by microm u ic microm u microm significantly p inhibited the effect of et on Ins trisphosphate production at min whereas u did not pertussis toxin ngml likewise significantly inhibited the effect of et on phosphoinositol turnover as well as on intracellular calcium concentration in conclusion the results support the hypothesis that plc plays a role in the [Ca2+]i elicited by et and pth and that et transmits its signal in part via a pertussis toxin CS gprotein coupled receptor furthermore they suggest that u is useful for investigating plcmediated process in OB cells | MEDAL |
how the BB mediates GA is not known we report that two interconnected structures in the forebrain the medial septum and the hippocampus participate in maintaining awareness and movements during general anesthesia in the awake freely behaving rat inactivation of the medial SP or the hippocampus by local injection of a gabaa receptor agonist muscimol decreased the dose of a GA anesthetic needed to induce a loss of the tailpinch response or a loss of righting reflex septohippocampal inactivation also suppressed the behavioral hyperactivity or the delirium stage associated with GA an increase and decrease of hz gamma waves in the hippocampus correlated with an increase and decrease in behavioral activity respectively similar results were found for both volatile halothane and ISO and nonvolatile propofol and pentobarbital anesthetics we conclude that the behavioral hyperactivity induced by a general anesthetic is mediated in part by the septohippocampal system and that depression of the septohippocampal system increases the potency of a general anesthetic it is suggested that more potent GA anesthetics or adjuvants may be developed by maximizing the pharmacological depression of the septohippocampal system | MEDAL |
when given during the course of puberty anastrozole a an aromatase inhibitor has been shown to increase the predicted adult height pah of ghdeficient ghd boys treated with rhGH rhgh our study questioned whether this treatment could retain some of its effects in nonghd adolescent boys if started only at the very end of puberty a time when rhgh treatment is denied to short adolescents who have almost reached their FH | MEDAL |
fMLP receptorlike fprl is a seven transmembrane domain g proteincoupled receptor that interacts with a variety of exogenous and hostderived agonists in order to identify domains crucial for ligand recognition by fprl we used chimeric receptors with segments in fprl replaced by corresponding CAA sequences derived from the prototype fMLP receptor fpr the chimeric receptors were stably transfected into human embryonic kidney epithelial cells and the capacity of the cells to migrate in response to FPR agonists was evaluated our results showed that multiple domains in fprl are involved in the receptor response to chemotactic agonists with the C6 TM domain and the third extracellular loop playing a prominent role interestingly the nterminus and a segment between the fourth TM domain and the third intracellular loop of fprl are important for receptor interaction with a CAA amyloid beta peptide abeta an alzheimers diseaseassociated fprl agonist but not with mmk a synthetic fprl agonist suggesting that diverse agonists may use different domains in fprl considering the potential importance of fprl in inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases the ID of PET domains in this receptor will provide valuable information for the design of TPS receptor antagonists | MEDAL |
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy peg is a relatively safe and ERP method of providing nutrition to patients with neurologic deficits or proximal gastrointestinal pathology complications that follow this common procedure include dislodgement dysfunction infection gastriccolonic perforation bleeding peritonitis or death the emergency physician should be aware of the complications and symptomssigns associated for appropriate management of these patients we present a case of a young lady who developed a cerebral infarction following amniotic fluid embolism during her cesarean section and had undergone a peg tube placement she developed MSD of this peg tube and underwent another peg tube placement she later presented to us with peg tube migration into the transverse colon and required surgical removal of the same peg tube | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to investigate whether vertical and leg stiffness and SSC ssc ability differed in developing athletes of various maturity status during maximal sprint running seventyfour male participants between and years of age were categorized into pre mid or postpeak height velocity phv and sprinted for meters on a nonmotorized TM dimensionless vertical stiffness increased significantly p from pre to mid and postphv state while dimensionless leg stiffness was significantly higher in post compared to mid and prephv participants eccentric power was significantly lower in pre compared to the mid and postphv participants con power increased from pre to mid and postphv state an analysis of covariance revealed no significant differences between all groups in dimensionless vertical and leg stiffness eccentric and concentric time and power when controlling for years from phv maturation eccentric or con power were found to be the best predictors of maximum velocity across all maturation CG r it seems that maturation affects the ability to absorb and produce power and furthermore these variables are important predictors of maximal running velocity | MEDAL |
forty patients underwent total pancreatoduodenectomy for endstage chronic one there were men and six women of median age range years alcoholism d parameters with independent prognostic value were age childpugh grade TSB RT size and degree of lipiodol labeling of the RT when followup variables were also considered we a confirmed the prognostic significance of all these parameters age childpugh grade total serum bilirubin tumor size and b found the independent prognostic value of the change in RT size or NC in alphafetoprotein concentration both models yielded different risk coefficients for each class of each VL two simple prognostic indexes based on these coefficients are proposed an initial index including pretreatment and treatment variables and a followup index also including followup variables according to the two indexes the patients were classified into three groups with different prognoses good and AS at yr for the initial and followup indexes respectively intermediate and respectively and poor for both indexes | MEDAL |
a total of patients with symmetric plaquetype psoriasis were recruited for a controlled investigatorblinded rightleft study none of the patients had used any therapy other than emollients for months prior to starting in the trial all patients had a negative antinuclear antibody by PH all patients had previously improved upon SE to sunlight or ultraviolet light two symmetrical sites of equal severity were selected as target Az each patient was treated on one side with mineral oil twice daily and on the opposite side with calcipotriene ointment twice daily the investigator was blinded as to which site received which topical treatment both sides were treated with equal doses of ultraviolet b uvb three times weekly in graduated suberythemogenic doses ultraviolet b radiation was emitted by a group of ft FL bulbs light sources fs t uvb ho in a standard phototherapy unit the above regimen was continued for a total of weeks the severity of PS in the target CS was rated by the examiner at baseline and at weekly intervals for the weeks of study target CS were rated by severity of erythema scaling plaque elevation and pruritus with each of these parameters being assigned a score on a fourpoint scale clear mild moderate severe the four scores were added together to arrive at a total severity score for each of the target sites statistical analysis was performed using the paired t test p values less than were considered statistically significant eleven of the patients showed a greater decrease in the severity of their PS with uvb plus calcipotriene compared with uvb plus mineral oil the difference in severity scores between the two CG was statistically significant as early as week p the difference between the uvb and calcipotriene group versus the uvb and mineral oil group peaked between weeks and the differences then decreased but remained statistically significant through to week fig there were no instances of local cutaneous irritation but mild photosensitivity occurred symmetrically on both sides in three patients | MEDAL |
the steadystate mrna level of nucleophosminb in hela cells increased after uv irradiation NPM antisense transfection potentiated ultraviolet uvinduced cell killing a block in gm phase larger peak of apoptotic cells and higher caspase in vitro activity were noted in nucleophosminb antisensetransfected cells compared with vectortransfected cells after uv treatment irradiated cells that received vector plasmid exhibited increased C2 of hthymidine incorporation due to dna repair synthesis in contrast irradiated cells that received nucleophosminb antisense plasmid exhibited no such increase of hthymidine incorporation indicating inhibition of dna repair cotransfection of cells with vector allowed repair of the damaged chloramphenicol acetyl GOT cat reporter and rescue of cat activity by host repair machinery cat activity in cells cotransfected with nucleophosminb AS was less than that of vectortransfected cells indicating reduction of host nucleotide excision repair activity lower protein expressions of NPM and proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna were observed in nucleophosminb antisensetransfected cells compared with vectortransfected cells with or without uv treatment cotransfection of NPM antisensetransfected hela cells with pcna construct made the cells less susceptible to uvinduced cell killing our results indicate that nucleophosminb correlates with pcna and dna repair capacity in cellular sensitivity to uv | MEDAL |
various therapy modalities have been proposed as standard treatments in management of BM radiation therapy remains the SOC for patients with localized bone pain but up to of them do not experience notable pain relief percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive technique that induces CN by alternately freezing and thawing a target tissue this technique is successfully used to treat a variety of malignant and benign diseases in different CS ffdg positron emission tomographycomputed tomography ffdg petct is a single technique of imaging that provides in a single step both morphological and metabolic features of neoplastic lesions of the bone the aim of this study was to evaluate the effinanowire core sheathed with amorphous sio sheath furthermore AA nanostructures of sio nanowires are highly dense grown on the primary cdsis coresio sheath nanowires and formed hierarchical cdsissio based heterostructure nanowire arrays which stand vertically on Si substrates the possible growth mechanism of hierarchical cdsissio heterostructure nanowire arrays is proposed the optical properties of hierarchical cdsissio heterostructure nanowire arrays are investigated using raman and PL spectroscopy | MEDAL |
in the absence of information on functional manifestations of carotid body cb inflammation we studied an experimental MM in which lipopolysaccharide lps administration to pentobarbitoneanaesthetized cats was performed by topical application upon the cb surface or by intravenous infusion endotoxaemia the latter caused i disorganization of B6 glomoids increased connective tissue and rapid recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells into the vascular bed and parenchyma within h ii increased respiratory frequency and diminished ventilatory chemoreflex responses to brief hypoxia PLB n for s and diminished VE chemosensory drive assessed by o tests during normoxia and hypoxia iii ART increased haematocrit and systemic SH in response to lps iv and iv increased basal frequency of carotid chemosensory discharges during normoxia but no change in maximal chemoreceptor responses to brief hypoxic exposures lipopolysaccharideinduced tachypnoea was prevented by prior BL carotid neurotomy apoptosis was not observed in cbs from cats subjected to endotoxaemia searching for proinflammatory mediators tumour necrosis factoralpha tnfalpha was localized by immunohistochemistry in glomus and endothelial cells reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction revealed that the cb expresses the mrnas for both type tnfr and type TNF receptors tnfr western blot confirmed a band of the size expected for tnfr and histochemistry showed the presence of tnfr in glomus cells and of tnfr in endothelial cells experiments in vitro showed that the frequency of carotid nerve discharges recorded from cbs perfused and superfused under normoxic conditions was not significantly modified by TNF but that the enhanced frequency of chemosensory discharges recorded along responses to hypoxic stimulation was transiently diminished in a dosedependent manner by tnfalpha i.v. the results suggest that the B6 may operate as a sensor for immune signals that the B6 exhibits histological features of acute inflammation induced by lps that TNF may participate in lpsinduced changes in chemosensory activity and that some pathophysiological reactions to high C2 of lps in the bloodstream may originate from changes in cb function | MEDAL |
folateconjugated metal chelates have been proposed as potential imaging agents for cancers that overexpress FRs in a previous T0 folic acid was linked through its gammacarboxyl group to deferoxamine df and the galabeled complex gadffolate was examined for in vivo RT targeting efficiency in athymic mice with a human RT cell implant although superb tumortobackground contrast was obtained slow hepatobiliary clearance would compromise imaging of ABD tumors such as OC in the present T0 folic acid was conjugated to an alternative chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dtpa via an ethylenediamine spacer the desired dtpafolate gamma regioisomer was synthesized by two different approaches purified by reversed phase column chromatography and characterized mainly by analytical hplc mass spectroscopy and nmr in cultured tumor cells uptake of indtpafolate gamma was found to be specific for folate receptorbearing cells and the kinetics of uptake were similar to those of free folate and other folateconjugated molecules in the normal rat intravenously po indtpafolate gamma was found to be rapidly excreted into the urine giving intestinal levels of radiotracer fold lower than those observed with gadffolate gamma at h in a preliminary mouse imaging study a folate receptorpositive kb MCT was readily visualized by gamma scintigraphy h following i.v. of indtpafolate gamma | MEDAL |
there have been only a few reports of serotonin syndrome developing T3 monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ssri we report a case of serotonin syndrome caused by LT therapy with FLV prior to treatment with paroxetine an yearold man with spinal cord injury sci at thoracic level presented with ON of serotonin syndrome after taking FLV mg per day for weeks prior to treatment with paroxetine mg per day for days he had confusion agitation severe headache tachycardia beatsminute hypertension mmhg high fever degrees c and myoclonus all of the symptoms disappeared within hours after discontinuation of administration of paroxetine this is an interesting case of serotonin syndrome that developed T3 minimum doses of single therapy with an ssri in a patient with sci | MEDAL |
the authors critically reviewed experiments in which TMS stimulation tms and repetitive tms rtms of the higher visual pathway were used topics include basic mechanisms of neural excitation by tms and their relevance to the visual pathway excitatory and inhibitory effects tms and rtms of calcarine cortex suppression unmasking and phosphenes tms of v suppression tms and rtms of higher level temporoparietooccipital areas perceptual PE unmasking and inattention the role of frontal lobe SO in visual perception and vocalization of perceived visual stimuli role of consciousness of linguistic symbols | MEDAL |
this was a T0 to assess the prevalence of carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees in Pr females registered at a tertiary care hospital in western india prospective screening of pregnant females was carried out with oral glucose tolerance test ogtt based on american diabetes association ada criteria one thousand two hundred and twentyfive women with mean age years of which average risk and high risk were found in and cases respectively gestational diabetes mellitus gdm was diagnosed in cases while had impaired gestational glucose tolerance iggt ie one value abnormal on hour ogtt while the combined prevalence of gdm and iggt was n prevalence of gdm and iggt was more in patients with age more than years compared to younger females gdm versus p iggt versus p and in those with body mass index bmi compared to bmigdm versus p iggt versus p as the maternal age odds ratio or confidence interval ci p and prepregnancy bmi or ci p increases prevalence of gdm iggt increased there was a NS trend of increased gdm and iggt in patients with family history of diabetes bad obstetric PH history of macrosomic baby and decreased PCS activity so it is concluded gdm and iggt affects onefifth of Pr females from western india on selective screening with increasing maternal age and bmi being significant risk AF associated | MEDAL |
genes controlling the planar cell polarity pcp pathway have recently been described in drosophila although a number of pcprelated genes were identified it remains unknown whether the same genetic programs found in invertebrate embryos operate in vertebrate embryos especially with regard to CE nervous system OD to gain insights into the roles played by vertebrate pcprelated genes we cloned and examined the expression patterns of chick and mouse homologues of the xenopus daam gene an essential component of the pcp pathway and involved in the convergent extension movement of cells the observed expression patterns in developing CNS tissues suggested that vertebrate daam genes were involved in pivotal steps in neuronal cell differentiation and movement | MEDAL |
strategies for reduction of micropollutant mp discharges from stormwater drainage systems require accurate estimation of the potential mp removal in stormwater treatment systems however the high uncertainty commonly affecting stormwater runoff SQ modelling also influences stormwater treatment models this T0 identified the major sources of uncertainty when estimating the removal of copper and zinc in a retention pond and a biofilter by using a conceptual dynamic model which estimates mp partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases as well as environmental fate based on substanceinherent properties the two systems differ in their main removal processes settling and filtrationsorption respectively and in the time resolution of the available measurements composite samples and pollutographs the most CS model factors identified by using global sensitivity analysis gsa were related to the physical characteristics of the simulated systems flow and water losses and to the fate processes related to total suspended solids tss the model prediction bounds were estimated by using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation glue technique composite samples and pollutographs produced similar prediction bounds for the pond and the biofilter suggesting a limited influence of the temporal resolution of samples on the MM prediction bounds glue highlighted MM structural uncertainty when modelling the biofilter due to disregard of plantdriven evapotranspiration underestimation of sorption and neglect of oversaturation with respect to mineralssalts the results of this study however illustrate the potential for the application of conceptual dynamic fate models base on substanceinherent properties in combination with available datasets and statistical methods to estimate the mp removal in different stormwater treatment systems and compare with environmental quality standards targeting the dissolved mp fraction | MEDAL |
βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenases βhsds are found in all forms of life which catalyze the position and position reductionoxidation of CS comamonas testosteroni c testosteroni atcc is a GN bacterium which can use CS as carbon and SE anasal sinuses are unusual metastases to the sphenoid sinus are exceedingly rare especially metastases of a cutaneous melanoma to the mucosa we report the case of a yearold man who presented with a solitary sphenoid sinus metastasis that had spread from a cutaneous malignant melanoma the metastasis was removed via a wide endoscopically assisted sphenoidotomy the patient was further treated with external radiotherapy and at months of followup he was free of disease however he experienced a recurrence at years that proved to be fatal we review the pathogenesis and histopathology of sinus metastases and we discuss the imaging features that characterize melanoma M1 to the upper respiratory tract while complete cure of patients with a sphenoid sinus metastasis has not been reported significant palliation with radiation therapy is possible in many patients therefore patients with sphenoid sinus PS suggestive of a sphenoid sinus malignancy should be vigorously evaluated for the possibility of a primary malignancy as well as a metastasis to the sinus | MEDAL |
this work investigated the feasibility of recovering and concentrating sugars and acetic acid hac from prehydrolysis liquor phl of the kraftbased dissolving pulp process prior to fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars by the combination of G1 carbon adsorption NF nf and reverse osmosis ro processes to reduce the fouling phl was subjected to adsorption on AC then the treated phl tphl passed through a NF nf dk membrane to retain the sugars and the permeate of acetic acid rich solution was passed through a RO membrane ro sg it was found that for nf process sugars were concentrated from to gl at a volume reduction factor vrf of while to of acetic acid was permeated for the reverse osmosis process of acetic acid retention was achieved at ph and psi pressure and the hac concentration increased from to gl | MEDAL |
V1 dysfunction is a common finding in type diabetes although the response to urotensin ii uii a potent vasoconstrictor peptide remains unclear we investigated whether a uiiinduced contraction was increased in the aortas from type diabetic gotokakizaki gk rats at the chronic stage at or weeks of age older group a uiiinduced contraction was seen in gk rats and was reduced by a rho kinase inhibitor or urotensin receptor ut antagonist whereas uii failed to induce a contraction in aortas from agematched WR in uiistimulated aortas the expression of rho kinases rho a and phosphorylated S1 phosphatase target S1 did not change between the two groups however phosphorylation of extracellularregulated kinase and p mitogenactivated protein kinase mapk was greater in gk than in wistar rats compared to IN aortas uiiinduced contractions were slightly but not significantly increased by endothelial denudation of the aortas of wistar rats at weeks of age at weeks of age young group the uiiinduced contractions were seen in gk and wistar CG the total expression and the membranetocytosol ratio of the ut protein slightly decreased in wistar aortas with aging but not in gk aortas these results demonstrate that the uiiinduced contraction gradually decreased with aging in WR and was preserved in type diabetes although alterations of uiiinduced contractions during aging and type diabetes may be associated with kinase MICs mapks or rho kinase or receptor profiles further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms | MEDAL |
MRSA mrsa infection is a serious threat to the public health mrsa is particularly difficult to treat when it invades host cells and survive inside the cells although vancomycin is active against mrsa it does not effectively kill intracellular mrsa due to the molecular size and polarity that limit its cellular uptake to overcome poor intracellular delivery of vancomycin we developed a particle formulation ppzev based on a blend of polymers with distinct functions i polylacticcoglycolic acid plga p serving as the main delivery platform ii polyethylene glycolplga conjugate pegplga p to help maintain an appropriate level of polarity for timely PR of vancomycin iii eudragit e a copolymer based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate e to enhance vancomycin encapsulation and iv a chitosan derivative called zwc z to trigger phsensitive drug release ppzev nps were preferentially taken up by the macrophages due to its size nm and facilitated vancomycin delivery to the intracellular pathogens accordingly ppzev nps showed better antimicrobial activity than free vancomycin against intracellular mrsa and other intracellular pathogens when i.v. ppzev nps rapidly accumulated in the CL and spleen the target organs of intracellular infection therefore ppzev nps is a promising carrier of vancomycin for the treatment of intracellular mrsa infection | MEDAL |
it might now seem obvious that the mechanisms regulating cell division would be found to be a highly conserved feature of eukaryotic cells this was less clear years ago when the pioneering genetic studies of the Tc were initiated this article presents one view as to what lies at the HR of the budding yeast Tc it is written on the premise that most of the key players such as cyclindependent kinases the anaphasepromoting complex the origin recognition complex cdcp and mcm proteins were performing similar functions in the common ancestor of yeast and man ideas about the budding yeast cell cycle might therefore have universal significance for other eukaryotic cells | MEDAL |
micrornas mirnas are an emerging class of noncoding endogenous rnas involved in multiple cellular processes including cell differentiation treatment with retinoic acid ra results in neural differentiation of neuroblastoma cells we wanted to elucidate whether mirnas contribute to the gene expression changes induced by ra in Neuro-2a and whether mirna regulation is involved in the transduction of the ra signal we show here that ra treatment of shsyy neuroblastoma cells results in profound changes in the expression pattern of mirnas up to different mirna species significantly changed their expression upregulated and downregulated among them the closely related mira and b showed the most prominent expression changes induction of mira and b by ra also could be detected in lan neuroblastoma cells loss of CF experiments demonstrated that mira and b are essential mediators of rainduced neuroblastoma differentiation and of the associated changes in migration invasion and in vivo metastasis in addition we found that the srfamily splicing factor sfrs sfasf is a target for mira and b in hela and shsyy Neuro-2a we show here that changes in mira and b expression levels may regulate sfrsdependent AS and translational functions taken together our results give support to the idea that mirna regulation plays a key role in rainduced neuroblastoma cell differentiation the discovery of sfrs as direct target of mira and b supports the emerging functional interaction between two posttranscriptional mechanisms micrornas and splicing in the neuronal differentiation context | MEDAL |
migraine is a common disabling BB disorder whose key manifestations are recurrent attacks of unilateral headache and interictal hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli migraine arises from a primary BB dysfunction that leads to episodic activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular pain pathway and as a consequence to HA L1 open issues concern the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the primary brain dysfunctions and of migraine pain we review here our current understanding of these mechanisms focusing on recent advances regarding migraine genetics HA mechanisms and the primary BB dysfunctions underlying migraine onset and susceptibility to CSD the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura we also discuss insights obtained from the functional analysis of familial hemiplegic migraine mouse models | MEDAL |
the incidence of recurrence of sec middle ear conditions smec in the course of the first months after extrusion of a grommet was evaluated in tubulated patients in relation to a number of BG variables in a stepwise logistic regression analysis the BG variables were treatment period month period season of extrusion sex age air volume in the ME diagnosis unilateralbilateral suppurativenonsuppurative and consequently antibiotics other treatment apart from a grommet paracentesis andor adenoidectomy and a history of allergy there was a definite correlation between the incidence of recurrence and the air volume in the ME as determined by physical volume test after correction for age recurrences being most common in ears with a small middle ear volume in addition there was a relationship but not as marked between the incidence of recurrence and age after correction for the ME volume recurrences being less common in older patients none of the other background variables played a statistically significant role when correction was made for age and ME volume it is recommended to practise an expectant therapeutic strategy in smec in order to eliminate cases with spontaneous remission in the event of recurrence a more liberal reinsertion of grommets is recommended for patients with small ME volumes while in those with larger volumes a different aetiology should possibly be considered | MEDAL |
the effectiveness of sabal serrulata dwarf palm extract was evaluated in the treatment of patients with symptomatic prostatic PH during a month treatment controlled by investigations the subjective PS decreased in nearly three fourth of the patients side effects were not observed according to uroflowmetric investigations the average peak flow value increased from mlsec to mlsec p and the average mean flow value from mlsec to mlsec p after treatment residual urine volume decreased or was nil in more than of the cases the average decrease of residue was ml p the average decrease in prostatic volume was p on the basis of their favorable experience the authors recommend the administration of sabal serrulata extract in the treatment of patients with mild or moderate PS of prostatic PH | MEDAL |
recombinant IFN rifnalphab has shown therapeutic potential in patients with CML-BC and other myeloproliferative disorders mpds including the ability to suppress the abnormal hematopoietic clone and to reverse myelofibrosis this study was conducted to evaluate further the efficacy and safety of rifnalphab in a large group of patients with polycythemia vera essential thrombocythemia or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and to determine maintenance of response after treatment discontinuation | MEDAL |
acute glomerulonephritis agn is a type of renal disease which indicates the inflammation of glomerulus and nephrons this T0 was carried on children years old with the diagnosis of agn who were admitted to qom and yazds hospitals between and data were collected using hospital records on admission progression notes and OP follow up among patients were male and were female mean age of patients was ± years old acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis apsgn was reported in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in hemolytic uremic syndrome in and iga nephropathy in there was no significant differences between gn types and gender p clinical manifestation included edema in oliguria in gross hematuria in htn in and anuria in microscopic hematuria was detected in all patients in the time of follow up none of patients had hypertension had PU and had microscopic hematuria apsgn is the most common causes of agn in qom and yazds children early diagnosis and treatment of apsgn may protect children from long term morbidity and mortality and improve SQ of life | MEDAL |
ordination methods were used to arrange in turn the plant species in wetlands of the yellow river delta under gradients of water table depth and soil salinity and to classify them into three ecological species groups i e low medium and high water table depthsoil salinion in the CL and kidney as evaluated by histopathological and PSA observations compared to the rats in the lowdose and control groups rats fed with highdose egcg showed a significant decline in the concentration of hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the plasma while maintaining a better mitochondrial potential in the peripheral lymphocytes and preventing the deletion of nd region from mitochondrial dna in the liver the protective effects of highdose egcg against oxidative AS were comparable with the effects of CR a wellestablished dietary intervention that retards aging however the supplementation of egcg influenced merely the antioxidative enzyme activities and their gene expressions in rats suggesting that egcg may either function as an antioxidant itself or regulate other bioprocesses including energy metabolism biosynthesis and AS response as shown in the gene profiling analysis of microarray data thus the present T0 provides preliminary information on the antiaging property of egcg in male fischer rats | MEDAL |
an influential neural MM of face perception suggests that the posterior STS sts is sensitive to those aspects of faces that produce transient visual changes including facial expression other researchers note that recognition of expression involves multiple sensory modalities and suggest that the sts also may respond to crossmodal facial signals that change transiently indeed many studies of AV av speech perception show sts involvement in av speech integration here we examine whether these findings extend to av emotion we used magnetoencephalography to measure the neural responses of participants as they viewed and heard emotionally congruent fear and minimally congruent neutral face and voice stimuli we demonstrate significant supraadditive responses ie where av unimodal AEP unimodal visual in the posterior sts within the first ms for emotionally congruent av stimuli these findings show a role for the sts in processing crossmodal emotive signals | MEDAL |
PMD pmd is a recessive xlinked dysmyelinating disorder of the CE nervous system cns the most frequent cause of pmd is a genomic duplication of chromosome xq including the region encoding the dosagesensitive proteolipid protein plp gene the plp duplications are heterogeneous in size unlike duplications causing many other genomic disorders and arise by a distinct molecular mechanism other causes of pmd include plp deletions triplications and point mutations mutations in the plp gene can also give rise to spastic paraplegia type spg an allelic form of the disease thus there is a spectrum of cns disorder from mild spg to severe connatal pmd plp encodes a major protein in cns myelin and is abundantly expressed in oligodendrocytes the myelinating cells of the cns significant advances in our understanding of pmd have been achieved by investigating mutant plp in pmd patients animal models and in vitro studies how the different plp mutations and dosage effects give rise to pmd is being revealed interestingly the underlying causes of pathogenesis are distinct for each of the different genetic abnormalities thisble cell count and the end of CAA formation furthermore online optimization strategies can be developed by using the derivative fluorescene signal c john wiley sons inc | MEDAL |
the effects of liquid fluorocarbons as bathing media were determined by use of in vitro neuromuscular preparations rat hemidiaphragms were bathed in either oxygenated fluorocarbon fc w/o/w or standard oxygenated krebs solution contractile force in response to simple supramaximal nerve stimuli as well as to high frequency stimulation was greater while twitchtetanus ratio was smaller in fc emulsion with such medium posttetanic potentiation of contraction was also more consistently observed indirectly stimulated diaphragms survived longer in fc emulsion after cessation of oxygenation oxygen tension rhoo of the medium declined more rapidly with krebs than with fc w/o/w rhoo directly correlated with force of contraction similarly in the chick biventer cervicis preparation fc w/o/w enhanced nervestimulated force of contraction returning the preparation to standard krebs solution reversed this phenomenon doseresonse curves of muscle contraction in response to acetycholine and kcl administration were shifted upward during fc emulsion superfusion frequency of miniature endplate potentials was lower in fc w/o/w than that observed in krebs solution measured from the same cell of the rat diaphragm resting membrane potentials were also greater in muscle cells sampled from fc emulsionbathed S9 these data suggest that fc emulsion is superior to standard krebs solution as a bathing medium for in vitro neuromuscular preparations by virtue of the high solubility of oxygen in it | MEDAL |
the hormones glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide gip and glucagonlike peptide glp act on the pancreas to potentiate glucoseinduced insulin secretion enteroinsular axis these hormones incretins are rapidly hydrolyzed by the circulating enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase iv dp iv into biologically inactive nhterminally truncated fragments this study describes the effect of inhibiting endogenous dp iv with a TPS dp iv inhibitor isoleucine thiazolidide ilethiazolidide on gl tolerance and insulin secretion in the obese zucker rat in initial studies the specificity of ilethiazolidide as an inhibitor of incretin degradation was determined using matrixassisted laser desorptionionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry these results showed that inhibiting dp iv activity with ilethiazolidide blocked the formation of nhterminally truncated gip and glp p.o. of ilethiazolidide resulted in rapid inhibition of circulating dp iv levels by in obese and lean zucker rats suppression of dp iv levels enhanced insulin secretion in both phenotypes with the most dramatic effect occurring in obese animals increase in integrated insulin response vs increase in lean animals ilethiazolidide treatment improved gl tolerance in both phenotypes and restored glucose tolerance to nearnormal levels in obese animals this was attributed to the glucoselowering actions of increasing the circulating halflives of the endogenously released incretins gip and particularly glp this study suggests that drug manipulation of plasma incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dp iv is a valid therapeutic approach for lowering gl levels in niddm and other disorders involving glucose intolerance | MEDAL |
the biological effects of age sex and vitamin status on plasma total homocysteine thcy and association of hyperhomocysteinaemia with venous TE in taiwanese chinese individuals were investigated eighty patients years with A-V thrombophilia and healthy subjects years without history of vascular thrombosis were studied for plasma levels of thcy folate and vitamin b a MVA in healthy subjects revealed that plasma thcy levels tended to increase with age p and with decreasing plasma C2 of folate p or vitamin b p men tended to have higher plasma thcy C2 than women p thrombotic risk assessment in a casecontrol study demonstrated that neither plasma level of thcy odds ratio or confidence interval ci p nor hyperhomocysteinaemia or ci p was significantly associated with A-V thrombophilia the relationship between hyperhomocysteinaemia and recurrence of episode remained insignificant p we conclude that age sex and vitamin status affect plasma thcy but hyperhomocysteinaemia is possibly not an important risk factor for venous thrombophilia in taiwanese chinese | MEDAL |
this T0 aims to identify key mirnas in circulation which predict ongoing betacell destruction and regeneration in children with newly diagnosed type diabetes td we compared expression level of sera mirnas from new ON td children and agematched HCs and related the mirnas expression levels to betacell CF and glycaemic control global mirna sequencing analyses were performed on sera pools from two td cohorts n and resp and one control group n we identified twelve upregulated human mirnas in td patients mir mirap mira mir mira mir mira mira mira mirb mir mira several of these mirnas were linked to apoptosis and betacell networks furthermore we identified mir as negatively associated with residual betacell CF est p and positively associated with glycaemic control hbac est p months T3 onset QTc in conclusion this T0 demonstrates that mir might be a tissuespecific mirna for glycaemic control months T3 diagnosis in new ON td children and therefore supports the role of circulating mirnas as predictive biomarkers for tissue physiopathology and potential MI targets | MEDAL |
the primary pathophysiologic finding of the viral disease known as korean hemorrhagic fever the etiological agent of which is hantaan virus htv is vascular instability to investigate whether htv was able to infect cells derived from human vascular tissue and alter their SMB we infected in vitro primary AD human EC cells from saphenous veins hsvec we were able to detect the presence of viral antigens in infected cells both by immunofluorescence and by western blot immunoblot analysis as early as day postinfection hsvec INF with htv produce infectious virus during the first days of infection but at later times days to show decreasing yields of virus this contrasts with the htv growth DP observed for the permissive simian cv cell line which generates infectious virus up to day after infection further investigation showed that the late decrease in viral production in hsvec is the result of the induction of beta interferon and can be reversed by the addition of antibeta interferon serum to the SC medium at no time during the course of infection of hsvec with htv was any obvious cytopathic effect observed when tests for changes in mrna levels of other cytokines and endothelial cell gene products following htv infection of hsvec were done by reverse transcription and PCR reaction methods no significant changes were observed in the C2 of interleukin interleukin or von willebrand factor mrna we hypothesize that while htv can replicate in human VE cells the mechanism of microvascular damage seen with korean hemorrhagic fever is not likelin addition their SE intake was calculated from a constant proteinenergy in their diet and nitrogen intake which was deduced from a significant positive correlation between their nitrogen intake y mgkgday and their nitrogen excretion in h urine samples x mgkgday this rho conformed to the equation y x n r p less than the validities of the above predictions for energy intake and allowance were examined by plotting the degree of energy deficiency ratio of presumed intakepresumed allowance against the concentrations of retinal binding protein Pr and transferrin in the SS because rapid turnover proteins are sensitive to SE deficiency significant positive correlations were obtained with both variables suggesting that these predictions were valid | MEDAL |
in this paper we show the results of a study in which we try to test the feasibility of using radial basis functions neural networks rbfs for short in clinical decision support systems we have implemented two instances of rbfs in order to diagnose possible prostate CA cases from a clinical DB to give an idea about how good the results are we follow a twofold approach on the one hand they are independently evaluated in terms of accuracy sensitivity and specificity and on the other hand they are compared with the performance over the same DB of a classifier widely applied to the medical field problems as it is multilayer perceptron mlp the experimental results show that rbfs are a useful tool to build up clinical decision support systems | MEDAL |
the broad clinical acceptance of intraoperative blood salvage and its applications in cancer surgery remain controversial until now a method that can safely eliminate cancer cells while preserving erythrocytes does not exist here we investigated whether xray generated from linear accelerator irradiation at a certain dose can kill hepatocarcinoma cells while preserving erythrocytes hepg skhep or huh cells were mixed into the aliquots of erythrocytes obtained from healthy volunteers after the mixed cells were exposed to gy and gy xrays irradiation the viability clonogenicity dna synthesis and tumorigenicity of the RT cells were determined by the mtt CA plate colony formation ethynyldeoxyuridine incorporation and subcutaneous xenograft implantation into immunocompromised mice the atp dpg free hb osmotic fragility blood gas variables in erythrocytes and morphology of erythrocytes at h h h h h T3 irradiation were analyzed xray irradiation at gy effectively inhibited the viability proliferation and tumorigenicity of hepg skhep and huh cells without noticeably damaging the ability of oxygencarrying membrane integrity and morphology of erythrocytes theses results suggest that xray at gy irradiation might be safe to eliminate HCC cells while preserving erythrocytes in salvaged blood | MEDAL |
somatostatin has various significant effects on the gastrointestinal tract it inhibits the release of several gastrointestinal hormones blocks the exocrine function of the stomach and the pancreas and decreases the motility of both the stomach and the gut its physiological effects make it potentially useful in the therapy of various gastrointestinal diseases and disorders somatostatin is ERP in the management of active variceal one and increases the effectiveness of sclerotherapy previous studies show controversial data about the tau of somatostatin in preventing complications following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography the use of this compound may be indicated only in highrisk patients in whom endoscopic sphincterotomy may also become necessary the perioperative use of somatostatin decreases the risk of pancreatic surgery and its application is ERP in promoting the closure of pancreatic fistulae the somatostatin analogue octreotide has a definitive role in the medical management of hormonesecreting NE tumours of the gut | MEDAL |
transcription and premrna splicing are coordinated temporally and spatially and both processes can influence each other in particular control of transcriptional elongation by rna polymerase ii has proved to be important for AS regulation in this report we demonstrate that the efficiency of exon recognition by the splicing machinery is crucial for the elongation control alternative splicing of the fibronectin extra domain i edi is because the polypyrimidine tract of its splice site occurs suboptimal by mutating the polypyrimidine tract of edi in two different positions individually or in combination and by disrupting its exonic splicing silencer we managed to generate minigenes with increasing degrees of exon recognition improvement of exon recognition is evidenced by independence from the splicing regulator sfasf for inclusion the mutated minigenes were used to transfect human cells in culture and study the responsiveness of edi AS to activation or inhibition of pol ii elongation our results revealed that responsiveness of exon skipping to elongation is inversely proportional to splice site strength which means that the better the alternative exon is recognized by the splicing machinery the less its degree of inclusion is affected by transcriptional elongation | MEDAL |
cardiovascular disease cvd is more prevalent in elderly than in MA patients PS such as intermittent wheezing with dyspnea may then be due to either cvd or asthma the objective of this T0 was to determine the prevalence and correlates of asthma in the elderly and their associations with cvd and cvd risk AF a community sample of elderly persons from the cardiovascular health study was asked if they had a physician diagnosis of asthma and multiple cardiovascular risk and disease variables were measured six percent of the participants recalled a PH of asthma and half of these were never smokers thirty percent of those with asthma were currently taking a bronchodilator inhaled steroids and oral prednisone men and women with asthma who were cigarette smokers were more likely to report a concurrent diagnosis of congestive HF than smokers without asthma p however when we determined the independent cvd correlates of asthma in this cohort controlling for smoking status age gender and diagnoses of CB and emphysema only higher levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol hdlc and higher plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly associated with asthma it was concluded that asthma is as prevalent in the elderly as in middleaged persons and is associated with higher hdlc and higher fibrinogen C2 but not with prevalent cardiovascular disease | MEDAL |
ischemic preconditioning has been first described by murry and coworkers as the protection conferred to ischemic myocardium by preceding brief periods of sublethal ischemia separated by periods of reperfusion another phenomenon closely associated to ipc is hibernation and stunning the hibernating myocardium refers to resting left ventricular dysfunction due to reduced coronary blood flow that can be partially or CR reversed by myocardial revascularization andor by reducing myocardial oxygen demand similarly as for the myocardium these effects are reproducible for other solid organs here we report a case of a renal SPK recipient with decompensated proximal SPK artery stenosis due to ace inhibition resulting in acute renal failure the SPK perfusion was strictly dependent on systemic arterial blood pressure leading to intermittent episodes of renal ischemia and reperfusion renal function was severely decreased glomerular filtration rate approximately mlmin with the need of HD over a period of weeks Tx after dilatation of the stenosis the patients renal function improved rapidly and achieved values better than ever before referring to the definition of hibernating myocardium here we postulate a case of a hibernating kidney in context of ischemic preconditioning | MEDAL |
a novel drassociated drb allele designated drb was encountered in the course of our hladrb genotyping study in a japanese population by pcrrflp comparison of the nucleotide CS of its second exon with those of the other known drb alleles revealed that drb was most similar to drb differing by two amino acid substitutions from a family study drb was found to segregate with a haplotype of drbdqadqb which was also observed with drb in a japanese population drb was recognized in three of healthy japanese controls gene frequency with the same drdq haplotype indicating that drb arose from drb by a gene conversionlike events andor point mutations further it was also observed that this S2 had a strong linkage disequilibrium with hlab p this new drb S2 was SD as dr nj and it gave an almost MZ serologic DP to drb on CS comparison however no unique amino acid residues conserved in drb and drb but absent in all the other drb alleles could be found indicating that two amino acid changes at positions and abolished the CR against the dr antisera | MEDAL |
RF ablation rfa is a safe highly ERP and novel method used to treat benign TN this T0 aimed to evaluate the tau and safety of a combination of rfa and hydrodissection for treating benign thyroid nodules larger than cm | MEDAL |
to evaluate the activity of two cycles of highdose ifosfamide CE ice with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support ahpcs in patients with poorprognosis chemotherapeutically CS germ cell cancer | MEDAL |
the mechanism of the effects of endovesical electrostimulation on the bladder wall was examined in experimental animals histochemical examinations showed no changes of any kind in the activity of enzymes in the detrusor area in the outflow region of the bladder an increase in the activity of malatedehydrogenase alphaglycerophosphatedehydrogenase acid phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase were found histochemically the effects of the current applied are confined to this region this agrees with the results of clinical examinations | MEDAL |
this study examines the effect of one inhibitory factor lif on preosteoblastic rat calvaria rct cells which acquire osteoblastic properties when treated with retinoic acid ra lif potentiated the increase in alkaline phosphatase ap activity produced by ra the lif effect was time and dose dependent ec approximately pm the earliest effects on ap activity were detected at h and maximal effects were observed after h ra increased ap mrna about fold at h and fold at and h lif further increased ap mrna to fold at h T3 ra treatment ap mrna returned to control levels at h but in the presence of lif ap mrna remained elevated at and h of treatment when given CT lif had no effect on either ap activity or mrna levels RT CN factoralpha and dihydroxyvitamin d also potentiated the ra induction of ap and interleukin had a small effect whereas granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor had no effect lif acluded that a contrary to an earlier proposal aspat does not appear to be a good marker for the glutamatergic SN b the failure of the subcortical ACh neurons to respond by an increase in chat activity to nmda may indicate that these nerve cells lack nmda AT1 excitatory CAA receptors and c as the septal gabaergic input in the hippocampus is involved in the modulation of longterm potentiation the presence of nmda receptors on these neurons would now suggest that nmda receptors are linked to both the initiation and the modulation of hippocampal STDP in the rat brain | MEDAL |
vaccine OD against the bloodstage malaria parasite is aimed at reducing the pathology of the disease we constructed a recombinant BCG bacille calmette guerin rbcg expressing the kda cterminus of plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein msp to evaluate its protective ability against merozoite invasion of red blood cells in vitro a mutated version of msp previously shown to induce the production of inhibitory but not blocking antibodies was cloned into a suitable shuttle plasmid and transformed into bcg japan designated rbcg a native version of the molecule was also cloned into bcg rbcg recombinant bcg expressing the mutated version of msp rbcg elicited enhanced TPS immune response against the epitope in balbc mice as compared to rbcg expressing the native version of the epitope rbcg sera from rbcgimmunized mice contained significant levels of TPS igg especially of the igga subclass against msp as determined by ELISA assay the sera was reactive with fixed p falciparum merozoites as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence assay ifa and inhibited merozoite invasion of erythrocytes in vitro furthermore lymphocytes from rbcgimmunized mice demonstrated higher proliferative response against the msp antigen as compared to those of rbcg and bcgimmunized animals rbcg expressing the mutated version of msp of p falciparum induced enhanced humoral and cellular responses against the parasites paving the way for the rational use of rbcg as a bloodstage malaria vaccine candidate | MEDAL |
progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy pml is caused by a papovavirus but SS antibody titres are generally considered unhelpful in clinical diagnosis because antibodies to the commonest causal agent jc virus are frequently found in normal adults there is little published information about csf titres but usually they have not been useful two cases of pml confirmed by autopsy are described where csf antibody to jc virus was measured in one case the jc antibody titre was significantly higher in the csf than the SS and we suggest that this finding is diagnostically useful in this case there was a transient stabilization of the disease following treatment with cytarabine with a change in antibody titres suggestive of reduced viral replication in the central nervous system and a host response to the infection in the other case which was untreated rising serum antibody levels indicated active infection with a host response | MEDAL |
imidazoles have numerous applications in pharmacology chemistry optics and electronics making the development of their environmentallyfriendly synthetic procedures worthwhile in this work the formation of imidazole imidazolecarboxaldehyde and bishimidazole was investigated in the selfreaction of glyoxal and its crossreactions with each of these compounds in AQ solutions of inorganic ammonium salts at ph such conditions are relevant both as cheap and environmentallyfriendly synthetic procedures and for the chemistry of natural environments where nh is abundant such as in atmospheric aerosols these reactions were investigated both by hnmr and uvvis absorption spectroscopy at room temperature with the objective to determine the formation pathways of the three imidazoles and the parameters affecting their yields to identify the optimal conditions for their synthesis the results show that only the simplest imidazole is produced by the selfreaction of GO and that imidazolecarboxaldehyde and bishimidazole are produced by crossreactions of glyoxal with imidazole and imidazolecarboxaldehyde respectively the yields of imidazolecarboxaldehyde and bishimidazole formed by the crossreactions were close to unity but the yield of imidazole formed by the selfreaction of glyoxal yim was small and varied inversely with the initial glyoxal concentration g yim only for g m the latter result was attributed to the kinetic competition between the imidazoleforming condensation pathway and the acetaloligomer formation pathway of the glyoxal selfreaction and constitutes a bottleneck for the formation of higher imidazoles other parameters such as ph and the nh concentration did not affect the yields thus by maintaining small glyoxal concentrations high imidazole yields can be achieved in environmentallyfriendly AQ ammonium solutions at neutral ph under the same conditions higher yields are expected expected from substituted carbonyl compounds regardless of their concentration as they produce less acetals | MEDAL |
this study assessed the performance of sequential organ failure assessment logistic organ dysfunction score and multiple organ dysfunction score in outcome prediction in severe sepsis a total of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of severe sepsis were enrolled from two surgical intensive care units of university hospitals in china clinical and laboratory data of patients were collected and admission and maximum values of each scoring system were calculated Az under the receiver operating characteristic curve which were used to assess discrimination were and for admission SOFA logistic organ dysfunction score and MODS respectively and and for corresponding maximum values respectively calibration assessed by the hosmerlemeshow statistic was better with admission chi and maximum logistic organ dysfunction score chi than with admission chi and maximum MODS chi brier scores indicating the overall performance of the scores were and for admission SOFA logistic organ dysfunction score and multiple organ dysfunction score respectively and and for their maximum counterparts respectively this study found good performance of both admission sequential organ failure assessment and logistic organ dysfunction score in severe sepsis and a slightly weaker performance of admission MODS since poor calibration was observed in logistic organ dysfunction score and multiple organ dysfunction score we suggest further study of customisation of these scores in critical illness with severe sepsis | MEDAL |
the effect of a six months therapy with human rEpo rhuepo on blood pressure and on several parameters of sympathetic nervous activity was studied in chronic haemodialysis patients in a controlled and randomized trial in order to gain further insight into the mechanism of rhuepoinduced blood pressure elevation treatment was started at a dose of x iekgweek in eleven patients aiming to increase the initial hemoglobin concentration sem g to g by dose adjustments while another UT eleven patients served as a control group diastolic arterial pressure measured before and after haemodialysis increased on rhuepo treatment by and mm hg respectively p less than plasma noradrenaline concentration was increased p less than T3 the six months treatment period in the presence of unchanged dry weights conversely platelet alpha adrenoceptor density hyohimbine binding and the fraction of high affinity binding CS for alpha agonists huk decreased p less than along with a decrease in CR to exogenous noradrenaline p less than none of these parameters changed in the control group compared to pretreatment values the results obtained demonstrate that increased plasma noradrenaline concentrations may participate in rhuepo induced blood pressure increases the decrease in PLT alpha AR densities and the decrease in noradrenaline CR in the presence of increased PNA concentrations suggest an intact regulation of alpha ARs in chronic HD on chronic rhuepo therapy | MEDAL |
the BF ACh complex comprising medial septum horizontal and vertical diagonal band of broca and nucleus basalis of meynert provides the mayor ACh projections to the cerebral SC and hippocampus the ACh SN of this complex have been assumed to undergo moderate degenerative changes during aging resulting in cholinergic hypofunction that has been related to the progressing memory deficits with aging however the previous view of significant cholinergic cell loss during aging has been challenged neuronal cell loss was found predominantly in pathological aging such as alzheimers disease while normal aging is accompanied by a gradual loss of cholinergic CF caused by dendritic synaptic and axonal degeneration as well as a decrease in trophic support as a consequence decrements in gene expression impairments in intracellular signaling and CSK transport may mediate ACh cell atrophy finally leading to the known agerelated functional decline in the brain including agingassociated cognitive impairments however in pathological situations associated with cognitive deficits such as parkinsonss disease downsyndrome PSP jakobcreutzfeld disease korsakoffs syndrome traumatic brain injury significant degenerations of basal forebrain ACh cells have been observed in presenile early onset and in the T3 stages of LOAD ad a severe loss of cortical cholinergic innervation has extensively been documented in contrast in patients with MCI mci a prodromal stage of ad and early forms of ad apparently no ACh neurodegeneration but a loss of cholinergic function occurs in particular imbalances in the expression of ngf its precursor prongf the high and low ngf receptors trka and pntr respectively changes in acetylcholine release highaffinity choline uptake as well as alterations in muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression may contribute to the cholinergic dysfunction these observations support the suggestion of a key role of the cholinergic system in the functional processes that lead to ad malfunction of the ACh system may be tackled pharmacologically by intervening in cholinergic as well as neurotrophic signaling cascades that have been shown to ameliorate the cholinergic deficit at early stages of the disease and slowdown the progression however in contrast to many other dementing disorders in ad the cholinergic dysfunctions are accompanied by the occurrence of two L1 histopathological hallmarks such as βamyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles provoking the question whether they play a particular role in inducing or mediating cholinergic dysfunction in ad indeed there is abundant evidence that βamyloid may trigger cholinergic dysfunction through action on α nicotinic acetylcholine receptors affecting ngf signaling mediating tau phosphorylation interacting with acetylcholinesterase and specifically affecting the proteome in cholinergic neurons therefore an EO of an anti βamyloid strategy may additionally be potential in preventing agingassociated cholinergic deficits and cognitive impairments | MEDAL |
these studies examined adrenergic reactivity of MES arteries and veins from deoxycorticosterone acetatesalt docasalt hypertensive and sham control mice we measured constrictions in unpressurized arteries and veins by monitoring vessel diameter using computerassisted video microscopy in vitro veins were more sensitive than arteries to the constricting effects of norepinephrine ne and phenylephrine pe but the alphaagonists clonidine and uk bromoimidazolinylaminoquinoxaline did not constrict arteries or veins reactivity was not altered in arteries or veins from docasalt mice we next investigated the mechanism of increased A-V CR to ne and pe by studying desensitization to maximum concentrations of ne and pe sham arteries desensitized to ne and pe more than docasalt arteries whereas docasalt and sham veins maintained of the initial ne and pe constriction to determine whether the increased reactivity and resistance to desensitization in veins was due to a greater alphaadrenoceptor reserve vessels were incubated with the alkylating agent phenoxybenzamine pbz and nm the neelicited initial constriction was reduced by pbz and nm in sham but only by pbz nm in docasalt veins all doses of pbz blocked ne responses in sham and docasalt arteries these data suggest that mesenteric veins express more alphaadrenoceptors than arteries accounting for greater reactivity and resistance to desensitization compared with arteries | MEDAL |
the rising incidence of malignant melanoma and the lack of curative therapies for metastatic disease represent a therapeutic challenge new agents effective in treating this disease are needed | MEDAL |
multipotent AD progenitor cells mapcs are bone marrowderived stem cells with a high growth rate suitable for therapeutical applications as threedimensional d aggregates combined applications of osteogenically differentiated mapc odmapc aggregates and rAAV aav in bone bioengineering are still deferred until information with regard to expansion technologies osteogenic potential and aav cytotoxicity and transduction efficiency is better understood in this T0 we tested whether selfcomplementary aav scaav can potentially be used as a gene delivery system in an odmapcbased in vivo bone formation model in the craniofacial region both expansion of rat mapc rmapc and osteogenic differentiation with dexamethasone were also tested in d aggregate culture systems in vitro and vivo rmapcs grew as undifferentiated aggregates for days with a population doubling time of h after expansion constant levels of oct transcripts and oct and cd surface markers were observed which constitute a hallmark of undifferentiated stage of rmapcs dexamethasone effectively mediated rmapc osteogenic differentiation by inducing the formation of a mineralized collagen type i network and facilitated the activation of the wntβcatenin a crucial pathway in skeletal OD to investigate the genetic modification of rmapcs grown as d aggregates before implantation scaav serotypes and were evaluated scaav packaged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein expression cassette efficiently mediated LT transduction days in vitro and vivo the reporter transduction event allowed the tracing of odrmapc induced by dexamethasone aggregates following odrmapc transfer into a macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffold implanted in a rat calvaria model furthermore the scaavtransduced odrmapcs generated a bonelike matrix with a collagenous matrix rich in bonespecific proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin in the scaffold macropores days postimplantation newly formed bone was also observed in the interface between native bone and scaffold the collective work supports future bone tissue engineering applications of d mapc cultures for expansion bone formation and the ability to alter genetically these cells using scaav vectors | MEDAL |
previous studies indicate that the administration of melatonin caused body weight and ABD VF reductions in rodent models of hyperadiposity the objective of the present study performed in highfat fed rats was to evaluate the activity of melatonin on gene expression of some medial basal hypothalamus mbh signals involved in FF behavior regulation including NPY-LI npy proopiomelanocortin pomc prolactinreleasing peptide prrp leptin and insulinreceptors r and insulinr ATP irs and blood C2 of leptin and adiponectin were also measured | MEDAL |
the communities of bacteria that reside in the intestinal tract are in constant competition within this dynamic and densely colonized environment at homeostasis the equilibrium that exists between these species and strains is shaped by their metabolism and also by pathways of active antagonism which drive competition with related and unrelated strains importantly these normal activities contribute to colonization resistance by the healthy microbiota which includes the ability to prevent the expansion of potential pathogens disruption of the microbiota resulting from for example inflammation or antibiotic use can reduce CR pathogens that engraft following disruption of the microbiota are often adapted to expand into newly created niches and compete in an altered gut environment in this review we examine both the interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies of pathogenic strains to exploit gaps in colonization resistance | MEDAL |
bone marrow bm angiogenesis is increased in multiple myeloma and is an important prognostic factor however prior studies were mainly done on patients receiving conventional chemotherapy and there is limited data on its prognostic value in patients undergoing highdose therapy hdt as initial therapy we studied bm angiogenesis in terms of microvessel density mvd in newly diagnosed patients who were uniformly treated with cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by hdt we examined if mvd at diagnosis was predictive of response to induction therapy or to subsequent hdt in addition we also examined its prognostic value in these patients the median mvd for primary refractory patients was range compared to range for responding patients p the median PFS survival pfs was months for those with highgrade angiogenesis compared to months for those with lowgrade angiogenesis p the median overallsurvival os from diagnosis was months for those with highgrade angiogenesis and not yet reached for those with lowgrade angiogenesis p bm mvd at the time of initial diagnosis is an important prognostic factor for os and pfs in patients undergoing autologous transplantation as frontline therapy for myeloma | MEDAL |
embryos in developing wheat triticum aestivum l cv sappo grains d post anthesis dpa contain no detectable αamylase when isolated from the grain they produce the enzyme even though they do not germinate younger dpa and older dpa embryos produce only a group of isozymes of low isoelectric point pi at intermediate ages lowpi and highpi groups appear the lowpi group is formed first about h T3 isolation followed by the highpi group at h the formation of highpi isoenzymes is prevented by ABA and osmoticum which also suppress the accumulation of highpi mrna almost all of the lowpi isoenzymes are unaffected by these two factors lowpi mrna transcripts are present in embryos in situ but are not translated translation occurs when embryos are isolated though there appears to be no further accumulation of lowpi mrna addition of gibberellic acid to isolated embryos causes a great increase in accumulated highpi mrna but only a small increase in lowpi message added gibberellic acid enables younger and older embryos to produce highpi isoenzymes the regulation of αamylase gene expression and enzyme formation in developing embryos in situ is discussed in the CS of these findings | MEDAL |
the college of american pathologists and the american society of human genetics offer a proficiency testing program in clinical cytogenetics two hundred twentyfive laboratories now provide data for this survey which was begun in challenges have consisted of photographed metaphases fixed lymphoblastoid cell suspensions fresh peripheral blood and disarranged karyotypes the correct response was based on or greater consensus among either the referees or the participants referee laboratories performed better than participants more laboratories were able to report accurate recognition of abnormalities by using a coded list than could write the interpretation in standardized nomenclature deletions unbalanced translocations and inversions were more difficult challenges than balanced translocations or trisomies prenatal and lymphocyte challenges were more likely to result in consensus than were bone marrow challenges participants performed best on wholeblood challenges fixed cell suspensions were less satisfactory excellent quality case material is essential for a successful challenge a grading system has been devised to separate artifacts of the survey process from proficiency variables | MEDAL |
recent developments on viruslike particles have demonstrated their potential in transfecting eucaryotic cells in the case of particles based on the major coat protein vp of polyoma virus transfection occurs via IB of vp to sialic acids since sialic acid is present on almost every eucaryotic cell line this results in an unspecific cell targeting generation of a celltype specificity of this system would imply the presentation of a new function on the surface of vp to analyze whether a new PET protein can be placed on vp we inserted DHF reductase from escherichia coli as a MM protein the effect of such an insertion on both vp and the inserted protein was investigated respectively the CF of vp like the formation of pentameric capsomers and its ability to assemble into capsids was not influenced by the insertion the inserted DHF reductase showed major changes when compared to the wildtype form the thermal stability of the enzyme was dramatically reduced in the F0 protein nevertheless the dihydrofolate reductase proved to be a fully active enzyme with only slightly increased km values for its substrates this MM system provides the basis for further modifications of the vp protein to achieve an altered surface of vp with new properties | MEDAL |
in the dahl saltsensitive hypertensive rat a diet containing larginine the natural substrate for nitric oxide synthase abrogates the hypertension we postulated that nitric oxide synthase inhibition might induce a SBH form of hypertension and that this salt sensitivity might be linked to a loss of the regulatory effect of sodium ingestion on angiotensin ii ang ii and angiotensinogen male wistarkyoto rats were randomised to a diet containing or sodium chloride and to treatment with the no synthase inhibitor lname mg kg day in the drinking water or drinking water CT controls for weeks blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography twice weekly after weeks the rats were anaesthetised and truncal blood collected for determination of angiotensinogen renin angiotensin i ang i ang ii and aldosterone concentrations as well as angiotensinconverting enzyme ace activity systolic blood pressure increased with increasing dietary sodium NI in the lnametreated rats p plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations decreased with increasing dietary sodium intake in both control and lnametreated rats ang i and ace activity were unchanged by increasing dietary sodium NI in contrast the plasma concentration of ang ii and angiotensinogen increased with increasing dietary sodium p and p respectively treatment with the AT1 blocker LOS reversed the blood pressure increase we conclude that treatment with lname induces an increase in blood pressure that is at least in part salt CS further the SBH component appears to be ang iidependent as it was associated with increasing plasma ang ii levels and could be reversed by treatment with an ang ii receptor antagonist | MEDAL |
the authors report the case of a mm saccular aneurysm located within the third ventricle and arising from the distal portion of a thalamostriate artery the patient presented with an intraventricular hemorrhage and was treated via a frontotemporal craniotomy with translaminaterminalis approach for resection of the aneurysm the etiology of the aneurysm was presumed to be idiopathic previously only one other third ventricular aneurysm has been reported an intraventricular aneurysm arising from a perforating i.a. should therefore be considered as a rare cause of an intraventricular hemorrhage potential surgical approaches to third VVI aneurysms are discussed | MEDAL |
mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for a C1 group of inherited metabolic disorders most of which are due to a dysfunctional mitochondrial respiratory chain mrc and consequently deficient SE production mrc CF depends on the coordinated expression of both nuclear ndna and mitochondrial mtdna genomes thus mitochondrial diseases can be caused by genetic defects in either the mitochondrial or the nuclear genome or in the crosstalk between the two this impaired crosstalk gives rise to socalled nuclearmitochondrial intergenomic communication disorders which result in loss or instability of the mitochondrial genome and in turn impaired maintenance of qualitative and quantitative mtdna integrity in children most mrc disorders are associated with nuclear gene defects rather than alterations in the mtdna itselfthe mitochondrial dna SD syndromes mdss are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders with an AR DP of transmission that have ON in infancy or early childhood and are characterized by a reduced number of copies of mtdna in affected tissues and organs the mdss can be divided into least four clinical presentations hepatocerebral myopathic encephalomyopathic and neurogastrointestinal the focus of this review is to offer an overview of these syndromes listing the clinical phenotypes together with their relative frequency mutational spectrum and possible insights for improving diagnostic strategies | MEDAL |
semifluorinated alkanes sfas are considered as diblock molecules with fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon segments unlike perfluorocarbons pfcs sfas have the potential to dissolve several lipophilic or waterinsoluble substances this makes them possibly suitable as new excipients for inhalative liquid drug carrier systems | MEDAL |
using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis we studied the chromosomes of spotted fever group rickettsiae we digested the dna of species currently known to belong to this group with smai eagi and bsshii the genome size of rickettsiae was between and kb rickettsia massiliae and r helvetica genome sizes were and kb respectively and that of r bellii was kb it was possible to obtain distinctive patterns for each species but in r conorii isolates exhibited the same profiles showing that pulsedfield gel PACE is a good interspecies ID tool we achieved a phylogenetic analysis of these bacteria by using the dice coefficient and upgma and package philip NLP we established a dendrogram of the genetic relationships between the different species showing the existence of a cluster in the spotted fever group rickettsiae including r conorii r rickettsii r parkeri r sibirica r africae r slovaca thai tick typhus rickettsia and israeli tick typhus rickettsia we located three genes previously cloned and sequenced genes encoding the r rickettsii surface proteins of and kda and the r prowazekii citrate synthase gene using southern hybridization the genes encoding citrate synthase and the surface protein of kda were usually located on the same band and it is hypothesized that they are relatively close on the chromosome | MEDAL |
nmercaptoethyldiaminopropane wr is the free thiol form of the radio and chemoprotector saminopropylaminoethylphosphorothioic acid wr interest currently exists in the clinical use of wr and wr as radio and chemoproteeasons for surgery in this group were keratoconus n and fuchs corneal dystrophy n the average effect of suture removal in eyes with documented keratometry readings was a diopter d decrease in astigmatism with showing d or less of astigmatic change in eyes with keratometry readings before and after suture removal an average increase of d of astigmatism was observed with showing less than d of astigmatic NC in eyes that were highly astigmatic greater than d before suture removal a reduction in astigmatism exceeding d was observed in and T3 and suture removal respectively | MEDAL |
to gain a better understanding of the interaction of the model detergent sodium lauryl sulfate sls with the SC we investigated systematically the ultrastructural changes of the epidermal barrier and the nucleated parts of the epidermis after the occluded application of different concentrations of sls in human different application models were investigated two of the three irritation procedures long duration exposure and the repetitive exposure for d provoked damage of the nucleated parts of the epidermis and alterations of the lower parts of the stratum corneum here the extrusion and transformation of lamellar body derived lipids into lamellar lipid bilayers were disturbed however the upper portions of stratum corneum displayed IN intercellular lipid layers that contradict the longstanding belief that surfactants damage the skin by delipidization furthermore we investigated ultrastructurally and by measurement of transepidermal water loss the influence and protective capacity of a lipophilic barrier cream on acute ICD the irritant contact dermatitis was induced by the standardized cumulative short application model with two sls concentrations and the cumulative type of exposure simulates daily living more realistically because most of the previous tests have been performed on the human forearm or back we analyzed whether the DP of response was similar on both CS the back showed a higher level of irritant reaction but the DP of irritant response proved to be similar to the forearm application of the barrier cream before and during irritation showed a decrease of transepidermal water loss enhancement with sls by back and arm and T3 irritation with sls by back and arm because the experimental result correlated with the clinical experience the OD of the cumulative short exposure MM might help to predict and to discriminate the efficacy of barrier creams | MEDAL |
influence of dam on calving difficulty and calf mortality was evaluated for repeatability of past performance and daughterdam relationships repeatability for calving performance at first with second parity was and for consecutive calvings at second and later parities repeatability for calf mortality from first to second parity was and for consecutive calving at second and later parities a small but real tenderise in iri and the fall in glucose production during treatment r p less than patients with a rise in FI during therapy had a greater fall in gl production than those whose insulin did not rise vs mgmmin p less than when a lowdose insulin infusion was given to approximate the increases of portal venous insulin during therapy similar falls of glucose production occurred we conclude that inhibition of EGP during chronic chlorpropamide therapy is an important mechanism for the lowering of fpg and that enhanced insulin secretion is the reason for the major part of this inhibition the small fall in gl production in those patients whose insulin level did not rise during therapy suggests an additional contribution by some other mechanism | MEDAL |
to compare the effectiveness of the international prostate symptom score ipss when administered by the physician to when selfadministered by the patient the effect of the patients educational level on the ipss was also evaluated | MEDAL |
the parapoxvirus orf virus orfv is the agent of contagious ecthyma an ubiquitous mucocutaneous disease of sheep and goats that may present variable clinical presentations we herein studied the pathogenesis of orfv infection in lambs and analyzed three putative virulence genes of four brazilian orfv isolates lambs inoculated in the labial commissures with each orfv isolate n viral titer tcidml developed classical orf lesions characterized by a progressive course of erythemamacules vesicles pustules and proliferative scabs lesions lasted an average of days and virus shedding was detected for approximately days two isolates sv and sv produced more severe longlasting lesions resulting in highest clinical scores lambs inoculated with isolate sv developed lesions markedly milder lower clinical scores p and more limited than the other CG virus shedding by sv group however lasted similarly or even longer than the other CG CS analysis of three virulence genes vegf vir and ilv revealed CAA deletions and mutations in vegf and ilv genes of sv and sv the isolates producing milder lesions additionally the vegf gene of isolate sv presented the lowest amino acid identity with the other isolates and with orfv standard strain ovia thus these results demonstrate that orfv isolates may display differential virulence in lambs and these differences might be associated with genetic changes in putative virulence genes | MEDAL |
a specialized standardized patient ssp is a standardized patient who has T3 nursing education this article describes an experience of introducing advanced practice registered nurses as ssps into an T3 health assessment course the article also discusses the simulated clinical experience and the desired course outcome that the student will be able to merge the patient history and physical exam findings to develop differential diagnoses | MEDAL |
WRN ws is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature onset of a number of agerelated diseases the gene for ws wrn has been mapped to the p region with further localization through linkage disequilibrium mapping here we present the results of linkage disequilibrium and ancestral haplotype analyses of markers to further refine the location of wrn we identified an interval in this region in which of markers tested show significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium in at least one of the two populations tested analysis of D2 and partial haplotypes covering of the markers studied supports the existence of both obligate and probable ancestral recombinant events which localize wrn almost certainly to the interval between ds and ds and most likely to the narrower interval between ds and ds these haplotype analyses also suggest that there are multiple wrn mutations in each of the two populations under study we also present a comparison of approaches to performing disequilibrium tests with multiallelic markers and show that some commonly used approximations for such tests perform poorly in comparison to exact probability tests finally we discuss some of the difficulties introduced by the high mutation rate at microsatellite markers which influence our ability to use ancestral haplotype analysis to localize disease genes | MEDAL |
detailed circular dichroism cd steadystate and TR tryptophan fluorescence studies on the holo and apo forms of high potential iron protein hipip from chromatium vinosum and its mutant protein have been carried out to investigate conformational properties of the protein cd studies showed that the protein does not have any significant secondary structure elements in the holo or apo hipip indicating that the metal cluster does not have any effect on formation of AA structure in the protein steadystate fluorescence quenching studies however suggested that removal of the ironsulfur fes cluster from the protein leads to an increase in the solvent accessibility of tryptophans indicating change in the tertiary structure of the protein cd studies on the holo and apo hipip also showed that removal of the metal prosthetic group drastically affects the tertiary structure of the protein TRF decay of the wild type protein was fitted to a fourexponentials model and that of the wn mutant was fitted to a threeexponentials model the TRF decay was also analyzed by maximum entropy method mem the results of the mem analysis agreed with those obtained from discrete exponentials MM analysis studies on the wild type and mutants helped to assign the fast ps lifetime component to the w residue which exhibits fast fluorescence energy transfer to the fes cluster of the protein decayassociated fluorescence spectra of each tryptophan residues were calculated from the TR fluorescence results at different emission wavelengths the results suggested that w is in the hydrophobic core of the protein but w and w are partially or completely exposed to the solvent | MEDAL |
serious injuries of the larynx or trachea during tracheal intubation are rare but potentially lifethreatening complications this case report describes the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic management of an intubationinduced tracheal rupture in a young female patient with a musculoskeletal disorder rigid spine syndrome interdisciplinary treatment requires precise documentation of the extent of the injuries including advanced imaging techniques removal of the endotracheal tube prior to accurate diagnosis can result in immediate AO because of the risk of infection as a rule surgical treatment is indicated | MEDAL |
evidencebased recommendations on the clinical use of cardiopulmonary ET cpet in lung and HR disease are presented with reference to the assessment of exercise intolerance prognostic assessment and the DUE of therapeutic interventions eg drugs supplemental oxygen exercise training a commonly used MGS for recommendations in evidencebased guidelines was applied with the grade of recommendation ranging from a the highest to d the lowest for symptomlimited incremental exercise cpet indices such as peak VO2 vo vo at lactate threshold the slope of the ventilationco output relationship and the presence of arterial o desaturation have all been shown to have SP in prognostic evaluation in addition for assessment of interventions the tolerable duration of symptomlimited highintensity constantload exercise often provides greater sensitivity to discriminate change than the CP incremental test fieldtesting paradigms eg timed and shuttle walking tests also prove valuable in turn these considerations allow the resolution of practical questions that often confront the clinician such as when should an DUE of exercise intolerance be sought which particular form of test should be asked for and what cluster of variables should be selected when evaluating prognosis for a particular disease or the effect of a particular intervention | MEDAL |
maintaining intervention fidelity should be part of any programmatic quality assurance qa plan and is often a licensure requirement however fidelity checklists designed by original program developers are often lengthy which makes compliance difficult once programs become widely disseminated in the field as a case example we used stanfords original chronic disease selfmanagement program cdsmp fidelity checklist of items to demonstrate heuristic procedures for generating shorter fidelity checklists using an expert consensus approach we sought feedback from AS master trainers registered with the stanford university patient education research center about which items were most essential to and also feasible for assessing fidelity we conducted three sequential surveys and one expert groupteleconference call three versions of the fidelity checklist were created using different statistical and methodological criteria in a final groupteleconference call with seven national experts there was unanimous agreement that all three final versions eg a item version a item version and a item version should be made available because the purpose and resources for administering a checklist might vary from one setting to another this study highlights the methodology used to generate shorter versions of a fidelity checklist which has potential to inform future qa efforts for this and other evidencebased programs ebp for older adults delivered in community settings with cdsmp and other ebp it is important to differentiate between program fidelity as mandated by program developers for licensure and intervention fidelity tools for providing an ataglance snapshot of the level of compliance to selected program indicators | MEDAL |
clinical investigations of childhood tuberculosis tb are challenged by the paucibacillary nature of the disease and the difficulties in obtaining specimens we investigated the challenges in diagnosing tb in children in a lowincidence country | MEDAL |
recently the phaseflip bifurcation has been described as a fundamental transition in timedelay coupled phasesynchronized nonlinear dynamical systems the bifurcation is characterized by a NC of the synchronized dynamics from being inphase to antiphase or vice versa the phasedifference between the oscillators undergoes a jump of pi as a CF of the coupling strength or the TD this phaseflip is accompanied by discontinuous changes in the frequency of the synchronized oscillators and in the largest negative lyapunov exponent or its derivative here we illustrate the phenomenology of the bifurcation for several classes of nonlinear oscillators in the regimes of both periodic and chaotic dynamics we present extensive numerical simulations and compute the oscillation frequencies and the lyapunov spectra as a CF of the coupling strength in particular our simulations provide clear evidence of the phaseflip bifurcation in excitable laser and fitzhughnagumo neuronal models and in diffusively coupled predatorprey models with either limit cycle or chaotic dynamics our analysis demonstrates marked jumps of the timedelayed and instantaneous fluxes between the two interacting oscillators across the bifurcation this has strong implications for the performance of the system as well as for practical applications we further construct an electronic circuit consisting of two coupled chua oscillators and provide the first formal experimental demonstration of the bifurcation in totality our study demonstrates that the phaseflip phenomenon is of broad relevance and importance for a wide range of physical and natural systems | MEDAL |
synthetic MMMF ie manmade MMVF mmvf are classified into glass filament mineral wool glass wool rock wool and slag wool RCF and MF for special purposes this paper analyses the data on occupational irritant CD icd caused by mmvf during in finland according to the finnish register of occupational diseases frod a total of cases from mmvf were reported were diagnosed as icd and as allergic contact dermatitis both from rock wool out of cases were due to mineral wool or glass filaments half of the cases according to a rough estimate were due to mineral wool and a half due to glass filaments used in lamination work carpenters building workers and insulation workers have the highest risk of icd from mineral wool cases in carpenters in building workers and in insulation workers were reported from mmvf for every employed workers only cases of icd in carpenters in building workers and in insulation workers were annually due to mmvf respectively mineral wool used in construction work insulation etc cannot be considered to be a common cause of occupationally induced icd however information on harmful skin effects of mmvf is useful to exposed persons in the prevention of the effects | MEDAL |
emerging evidences suggest the impact of autophagy on differentiation but the underlying molecular links between metabolic restructuring and autophagy during monocyte differentiation remain elusive an increase in pparγ hk and sirt expression was observed upon pma induced monocyte differentiation while pparγ positively regulated hk and sirt expression the latter served as a negative regulator of hk changes in expression of these metabolic modelers were accompanied by decreased glucose uptake and increase in chibby a potent antagonist of βcateninwnt pathway knockdown of chibby abrogated pma induced differentiation while inhibition of hk either by lonidamine or sirna further elevated pma induced chibby mitochondrial ros tigar and lcii C2 sirna mediated knockdown of sirt exhibited contradictory effects as compared to hk notably inhibition of autophagy increased hk diminished chibby level and cd expression in addition pma induced expression of cytoskeletal architectural proteins X4 phagocytosis acquisition of macrophage phenotypes and release of Th1 mediators was found to be hk dependent collectively our findings highlight the previously unknown reciprocal influence of sirt and hk in regulating autophagy driven mo differentiation | MEDAL |
new techniques of DIP have been experimentally tested for the assessment of RBF the underlying principle in functional angiography is the SE of flow parameters basically densitytime variations of the contrast medium are analyzed from each picture element of a x matrix the RT acquisition rate of images was sec for the calculation of angiographic flow a pdp computer was used to interactively perform a time dependent segmentation of the renal arteries and the aorta subsequently volume flow was calculated in relative units for the TPS V1 segments under study control angiograms were made in animals with cardiac SO ranging between to lmin unilateral RBF was calculated as of prerenal aortic flow without systematic side differences reproducibility from repeated flow measurements showed an sd of of the individual prerenal aortic flow renal flow was also measured in animals with an experimentally created flow reduction of the left kidney angiographic flow in the left renal artery dropped to of prerenal flow the present exp data suggest that DA has sufficient diagnostic capabilities for the detection of abnormal renal blood flow the technique may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional angiography and has the potential of assisting in the evaluation of renal vascular hypertension | MEDAL |
osteoclastrich UC of the urinary tract orucut is a rare RT composed of ovoid to spindleshaped MNC cells with intermixed or focally clustered osteoclastlike giant cells previous studies have demonstrated that the mononuclear cells are neoplastic cells while the giant cells are reactive cells of histiocytic lineage the association between these PT and classic urothelial carcinomas suggest that the mononuclear cells are derived from urothelial cells however no studies have been conducted to assess the immunohistochemical profile of orucut with more TPS urothelial markers this T0 identified cases of orucut and performed immunohistochemistry for gata uroplakin ii and TM along with pancytokeratin ae on all cases MNC cells stained positive in cases for gata and cases for TM none of the mononuclear cells were positive for uroplakin ii and only three cases showed focal positivity for ae the osteoclastlike giant cells were negative for gata uroplakin ii thrombomodulin and ae providing additional support to a reactive origin for these cells additionally cases were associated with either in situ or invasive urothelial carcinoma this T0 provides an expanded immunohistochemical profile for orucut and more definitively supports a urothelial origin for this tumor | MEDAL |
coactivators of nuclear receptors are integral components of the ST pathways of steroid hormones here we show that one of the L1 coactivators of the glucocorticoid receptor gr crebbinding protein cbp can also CF conditionally as a negative regulator of its MICs indeed cbp suppressed the responsiveness of the mouse mammary tumor virus mmtv promoter to dexamethasone in a dosedependent fashion in hela and a cells similarly this protein suppressed the responsiveness of several glucocorticoidresponsive PE grecontaining synthetic promoters using deletion mutants of cbp we localized the repressor effect of this protein to its NTD and showed that it was independent of the histone acetyltransferase and coactivatorbinding domains but dependent upon its grbinding domain we also demonstrated PET differentiation between cbp and other coactivators including src and the cbprelated protein p both of which influenced gr signaling in a positive fashion in fact p completely antagonized the suppressive effects of cbp in a dosedependent fashion probably by competing with this protein at the level of the transcription complex these findings suggest that cbp and p may function additively or antagonistically to each other depending on their relative concentrations and type of target tissue to influence the sensitivity of tissues to glucocorticoids | MEDAL |
pathologic electrocardiogram ecg may be present in more than of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage the ecg findings are often transient and may mimic acute myocardial ischaemia or infarction these ecg findings may cause diagnostic problems in patients with SAH who are unconscious or who have atypical symptoms lifethreatening arrhythmias are also seen and may be responsible for sudden deaths in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage other signs of myocardial injury such as VVI wall motion dysfunction elevated enzymes and histological evidence of contraction band CN are described the myocardial dysfunction known as neurogenic stunned myocardium is reversible if the patient survives the acute phase but it may lead to haemodynamic instability and contribute to the origin of neurogenic pulmonary oedema the myocardial injury in subarachnoid haemorrhage may be due to a massive sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium in response to rapidly increasing intracranial pressure we illustrate myocardial injury and dysfunction in a case report where a patient had SAH with ventricular fibrillation pulmonary oedema left ventricular dysfunction and ST initially thought to be AIM | MEDAL |
a retrospective review was performed of patients admitted to a level i trauma center between july and december with a diagnosis of blunt chest trauma of these patients suffered either immediate or delayed complications immediate complications included hemothorax or pleural effusion in pneumothorax in and ruptured diaphragm in delayed complications occurred in of patients overall these included pulmonary contusion in pneumonia in and PE in both initial TS ts and the injury severity score iss were predictive of mortality the MR was significantly greater in patients with a ts or of these patients died of their injuries as opposed to of those with a ts similarly of patients with an iss or died while all patients with an iss survived these differences were statistically significant p and p respectively neither ts nor iss however was predictive of either immediate or delayed complications even with a ts of patients suffered complications of these patients had delayed complications similarly of patients with iss had complications statistically neither ts nor iss could be used to predict complications regardless of the REF value chosen for ts or iss therefore it is imperative that all patients with blunt trauma be considered at risk for AA complications even those with favorable ts or iss | MEDAL |
the development of expert decisionmaking systems which improve task performance and reduce errors within an intraoperative clinical workspace is critically dependent on two main aspects a analyzing the clinical requirements and cognitive processes within the workflow and b providing an optimal context for accurate situation awareness through effective intraoperative information visualization this paper presents a workflow centered framework and its theoretical underpinnings to design expert decisionmaking systems the framework integrates knowledge of the clinical workflow based on the requirements within the clinical workspace furthermore it builds upon and integrates the theory of situation awareness into system design to improve decisionmaking as an application example this FR has been used to design an intraoperative visualization system ivs which provides image guidance to the clinicians to perform minimally invasive procedure an evaluative study comparing the traditional ultrasound guided procedure with the new developed ivs has been conducted with expert MI radiologists and medical students the results reveal significant evidence for improved decisionmaking when using the ivs therefore it can be stated that this T0 demonstrates the benefits of integrating knowledge of cognitive processes into system OD to support clinical decisionmaking and hence improvement of task performance and prevention of PE | MEDAL |
we report the early results of a series of femoropopliteal bypass operations in which a mm diameter thin wall polytetrafluoroethylene goretex prosthesis was used sixtyfive bypasses were implanted in men and in women thirty bypasses were done in conjunction with an aortic bifurcation graft and patients had a bilateral procedure the indication for operation was severe claudication in cases and critical ischaemia in cases the angiographic runoff was good three patent vessels in limbs and poor one or two patent vessels in limbs the cumulative patency rate for the whole group was T3 months angiographic runoff and the indication for operation were both found to influence cumulative patency rate significantly p and p respectively we also compared the results obtained when runoff was poor with equivalent data from our own previously published series in which a standard mm diameter goretex prosthesis was used this shows a difference in patency rate for example against T3 months in favour of the smaller bore thin wall graft | MEDAL |
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