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candida is a L1 human fungal pathogen causing infectious conditions predominantly in the elderly and immunocompromised hosts although candida resides as a member of the oral indigenous microbiota in symbiosis some circumstances may cause microbial imbalance leading to dysbiosis and resultant oral candidiasis therefore oral microbial symbiosis that suppresses the overgrowth of candida is important for a healthy oral ecosystem in this regard probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics can be considered a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy against oral candidiasis prebiotics have a direct effect on microbial growth as they stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppress the growth of pathogens probiotics render a local protective effect against pathogens and a systemic indirect effect on immunological amelioration synbiotics are fusion products of prebiotics and probiotics this mini review discusses the potential use and associated limitations of probiotics prebiotics and synbiotics for the prevention and treatment of OC we will also introduce biogenics a recent concept derived from the work on probiotics biogenics advocates the use of beneficial bioactive substances produced by probiotic bacteria whose MICs are independent from the viability of probiotic bacteria in human HB | MEDAL |
neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the regeneration of peripheral SN following axotomy an injury to the sciatic nerve leads to significant macrophage accumulation in the l drg an effect not seen when the dorsal root is injured we recently demonstrated that this accumulation around axotomized cell HB is necessary for a IP conditioning lesion response to occur here we asked whether overexpression of the mo chemokine ccl specifically in drg neurons of uninjured mice is sufficient to cause macrophage accumulation and to enhance regeneration or whether other injuryderived signals are required aavefαccl was injected intrathecally and this i.t. led to a timedependent increase in ccl mrna expression and macrophage accumulation in l drg with a maximal response at weeks postinjection these changes led to a conditioninglike increase in neurite outgrowth in drg explant and dissociated cell cultures this increase in regeneration was dependent upon ccl acting through its primary receptor ccr when ccl was overexpressed in ccr mice macrophage accumulation and enhanced regeneration were not observed to address the mechanism by which ccl overexpression enhances regeneration we tested for elevated expression of regenerationassociated genes in these animals surprisingly we found that ccl overexpression led to a selective increase in lif mrna and neuronal phosphorylated stat pstat in l drgs with no change in expression seen in other rags such as gap blockade of stat phosphorylation by each of two different inhibitors prevented the increase in neurite outgrowth thus ccl overexpression is sufficient to induce macrophage accumulation in uninjured l drgs and increase the regenerative capacity of drg neurons via a statdependent mechanism | MEDAL |
one hundred and fiftyeight healthy mature newborns were divided into groups according to their risk of allergy group a no risk n group b low risk n and group c high risk n saliva was collected at birth and after and months siga anticasein and antibetalactoglobulin were determined by a direct elisa technique the highest concentrations of secretory antibodies were measured after birth after months breast fed infants had lower salivary siga anticasein concentrations than the group receiving CM p less than the effect of breastfeeding was seen even T3 a nursing period of only weeks infants without risk of allergy fed cows milk exclusively had higher siga anticasein p less than and antibetalactoglobulin concentrations than low risk infants at the age of months these data show a modifying effect of breast feeding on salivary siga production against cows milk protein | MEDAL |
labour outcome for women following successful external cephalic version ecv was evaluated in a prospective case control T0 ecv was successfully performed on women in a dedicated ecv clinic at st marys hospital portsmouth between and in the T0 group n of women had a successful ecv there were women in the control group there was no significant difference in the rate of instrumental deliveries between the T0 and the control CG the rate for caesarean section was higher in the ecv group n compared with the control group n p when compared with the control group the study group had a higher epidural rate p oxytocin augmentation p induction of labour rate p EFM efm p abnormal fetal HR rate p and birth in main unit p our data provide useful guidance to women undergoing ecv | MEDAL |
to compare sleepwake patterns of breastfed and formulafed preterm infants | MEDAL |
pretibial myxedema thyroid dermopathy an uncommon autoimmune manifestation of graves disease is almost always associated with significant ophthalmopathy and may be a marker for an unusually prolonged or different course for the ophthalmopathy however it is not known if the response to therapy for eye disease is different in patients with PTM we compared the results of orbital decompression in patients without and patients with pretibial myxedema operated on between and preoperative and postoperative characteristics of severe graves ophthalmopathy did not differ in patients with or without pretibial myxedema except for slightly but not significantly more proptosis and diplopia in the PTM group in response to a questionnaire response rate n without n and with n PTM reported satisfactory or acceptable appearance of the eyes selfassessment of visual acuity eye comfort diplopia and overall rate of satisfaction with the status of the eyes did not differ between the CG the presence of p that preserving the lv geometry by normal anatomical chordal preservation or replacement during mvr is a safe technique resulting in gratifying intermediate term results | MEDAL |
SS contains a soluble growth hormonebinding protein which is produced in some species by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the growth HR the hypothesis that a growth hormonebinding protein messenger rna is produced in other species by alternative splicing of nascent growth HR transcripts was confirmed by analysis of the mouse GHR an exon that encodes the hydrophilic tail of the binding protein is located between an exon encoding the final portion of the hormone IB domain and an exon encoding the hydrophobic TM domain of the receptor | MEDAL |
we conducted a prospective SQ assurance qa study to determine if a team dedicated to placing peripherally inserted central catheters piccs would improve patient care and reduce costs | MEDAL |
we have developed an apparatus for treating ST that can be used at home both during intensive therapy and followup the refractoriness of spasmodic torticollis requires patients to practice biofeedback training partly on a home basis however it is usually difficult for spasmodic torticollis patients to provide and handle electromyographic emg biofeedback training instruments the present apparatus has parts first a harness with a light source which is fixed on both shoulders second a photoreceptor operant system for rewarding effect and a digital recorder the light is adjusted to strike the photoreceptor on the forehead when headposition is normal subjects are asked to keep the operant systemeg a radioactivated they are TR in various postures as sitting standing and walking this apparatus provides a chance of home training to augment and maintain the effect during therapeutic sessions and the followup period | MEDAL |
the aim of the study was to assess the role of the occupational medicine specialist in improving return to work rtw after coronary bypass graft cabg surgery with an early intervention in the rehabilitation programme of the patients there were patients male female mean age was years sent for rehabilitation days T3 surgery of them had a prior myocardial infarction and the ejection fraction ef was greater than or equal to in less than ef less than in or less than or equal to in myocardial revascularization was CR in of the patients jobs required a high level of physical activity in of the patients a medium or low level in and of the patients were unemployed at months followup out of the alive patients had returned to work with a mean delay of days after surgery the causes of nonreturn to work were social and economical AF psychological AF and medical reasons no clinical data were correlated with return to work age ef extent of revascularization or results of the stress tests but return to work varied with the energy requirement in jobs with return to work in case of low PCS level and in case of high physical level p less than the comparison with a previous study performed in in rehabilitation patients with nonsystematic vocational counselling showed an increase in return to work in cardiac patients from to p less than T3 MI of the occupational physician so the different ways of improving return to work in postcabg patients are complementary exercise training and AA prevention are important but must be completed with individual vocational counselling that should be included in every rehabilitation programme | MEDAL |
extracellular responses from SN in the nucleus of the solitary tract nst were studied in rats aged days to adulthood during chemical stimulation of the tongue with monochloride salts citric and hydrochloric acids sucrose sodium CS and quinine hydrochloride multiunit taste responses were recorded in rats at days of age and singleunit responses were recorded from neurons in four other age CG of days days days and AD nst neurons in rats aged days consistently responded to relatively high concentrations m of nhcl and kcl and to citric and hydrochloric acid however they often did not respond to m nacl or to m nhcl single nst SN in rats aged days and older characteristically responded to all and m salts and to both acids at least of SN also responded to sucrose and sodium CS and responded to all of these stimuli and quinine hydrochloride after days no developmental changes occurred in the number of stimuli to which neurons responded there were substantial developmental alterations in the response magnitudes to some chemical stimuli average response frequencies increased T3 days of age for and m nacl licl kcl and for sucrose and sodium saccharin response frequencies for nhcl citric and HCl and quinine hydrochloride however did not NC throughout OD the proportion of single nst SN that responded maximally to TPS monochloride salts did not NC during development most single neurons in all age groups responded equally well to nhcl nacl and licl no nst neuron responded maximally to kcl there were also no developmental differences in response latencies in rats aged days and older response frequencies of secondorder nst neurons generally reflect changes in responses from the primary afferent chorda tympani SF throughout OD however the increases in salt response frequencies from nst neurons occur comparatively later in OD furthermore at all ages the taste responses to monochloride salts include higher response frequencies and a general loss in response specificity in nst compared to chorda tympani neuronsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
i.c. interventions can be associated with adverse hemodynamic changes including bradycardia and SH these hemodynamic changes are believed to be caused by direct stimulation of the carotid sinus baroreceptors mimicking normal physiological response to rises in blood pressure during open carotid surgery these hemodynamic changes can be controlled by direct injection of medications that block fast Vc gated sodium channels in the neuron CM thus preventing depolarization of the presynaptic neuron in the CSN this form of control is difficult or impossible during percutaneous carotid interventions because direct access to the i.c. and CSN is not available this discussion focuses on the cause effects and possible treatments for the hemodynamic changes associated with carotid artery stenting procedures | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical application effects of a novel computeraided detection cad system based on threedimensional computed tomography ct images on pulmonary nodule cases with pulmonary nodule pn in our hospital from jun to jun were analysed in this study all cases underwent pn PCD both by the simple spiral ct scan and by the computeraided system based on d ct images respectively postoperative pathological results were considered as the gold standard for both two checking methods the diagnostic accuracies for determining benign and malignant pn were calculated under simple SCT scan method cases is malignant including true positive cases and false positive cases from the gold standard cases is benign true negative case and false negative cases the sensitivity se specificity sp agreement rate kappa j youdens index lr lr kappa between the and has a moderate consistency underwent computeraided detection cad based on d ct method cases is malignant brary was screened in a consensus highthroughput pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking approach by vina glide gold and mmgbsa molecular dynamics further confirmed results obtained from structurebased techniques a highly defined hitlist of EDC was identified by the structurebased drug design methodologies as these EDC were extensively validated by a consensus RPA and by molecular dynamics the likelihood that at least one of these compounds is bioactive is excellent additionally the compounds segregate into significantly dissimilar p clusters based on shape and features which represent valuable scaffolds that can be used as a basis for future anticoronaviral inhibitor discovery experiments importantly though the enriched subset of compounds identified from the larger library has to be validated experimentally | MEDAL |
intensive care units icus function frequently at capacity requiring incoming critically ill patients to be placed in alternate geographically distinct icus in some medical icu populations boarding in an overflow icu has been associated with increased mortality we hypothesized that surgical icu patients experience more complications when boarding in an overflow icu and that the frequency of these complications are greatest in boarders farthest from the home unit hu | MEDAL |
cutaneous metastasis of rectal carcinoma is a rare event it occurs in fewer than of all patients with rectal cancer although skin metastasis of RC is usually detected around surgical scars or on the ABD wall especially in the periumbilical region it rarely presents at other sites the early diagnosis of skin metastases in these patients is very important because it can alter treatment a case of signet cell carcinoma of the rectum with cutaneous metastases without accompanying visceral involvement is presented occurring months after completion of adjuvant therapy | MEDAL |
EC50 rate rr half ICT to tetanus ctt and forcefrequency curves were investigated in children aged years using supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording from the adductor pollicis muscle no sex differences were found in these variables the rr was independent of age and similar to that in adults the ctt was least at the age of the only agedependent parameter in the forcefrequency curves was the relative force developed at a stimulus frequency of hz which increased with increasing age a fatiguability test was performed in children REF values for the different parameters are given | MEDAL |
atrial fibrillation and chronic HF are two major and even growing cardiovascular conditions that often coexist CRT is an important devicebased nonpharmacological RPA in a selected group of chronic heart failure patients that has been shown to improve left VVI CF and to reduce both morbidity and mortality in C1 randomized trials the latest EU and american guidelines have considered atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy this review summarizes current literature concerning the following topics prognostic relevance of atrial fibrillation in HF effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy in atrial fibrillation relevance and strategies of rhythm and rate control in this group of patients authors explain how atrial fibrillation may interfere with the delivery of adequate cardiac resynchronization therapy how to reduce the burden of atrial tachyarrhythmias and finally present a brief overview | MEDAL |
a case of chronic neutropenia in a yearold boy is reported the patient presented with severe GI and alveolar bone loss immunologic analysis of the patients SS revealed the presence of precipitating antibodies against antigenic components of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans y and it was also found that the serum neutralized the leukotoxic activity of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans y the etiology and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease in neutropenic patients are discussed in view of these findings | MEDAL |
the PSA nature of the neuraminidasesensitive mycoplasma pneumoniae receptor site on human lung fibroblast cells was studied purified mixed sialoglycolipid ganglioside preparations from human and bovine tissues did not bind to m pneumoniae organisms and block their subsequent attachment to fibroblasts fibroblasts incubated for h in sialoglycolipid solutions to increase the ganglioside content of their CM did not show increased pathogen attachment when later incubated with mycoplasmas hela cells grown in the presence of sodium butyrate to increase GM1 levels likewise did not have significantly increased uptake of m pneumoniae organisms treatment of fibroblasts with enzymes indicated that the mycoplasma receptor site is trypsin and papain resistant but pronase CS pronase digests of FB membranes contained a products which combined with m pneumoniae cellls and cosedimented with them during centrifugation glycoproteins purified from fibroblast CM by a lithium diiodosalicylate solubilization technique similarly bound to m pneumoniae organisms collectively these data suggest that the major component of the m pneumoniae receptor site is a sialoglycoprotein with little or no lipid | MEDAL |
for the past several decades the therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer had modest benefits because of the limited therapeutic options bolus fluorouracil fu and leucovorin lv were the SOC in the united states until with a response rate of and a median survival of to months however with the advent of new agents namely oxaliplatin and irinotecan there has been a dramatic change in the way we treat metastatic colorectal CA based on many wellconducted C1 randomized trials we have evidence that combination chemotherapy incorporating oxaliplatin or irinotecan with infusional fulv is superior to fulv with doubling of overall survival os to approximately months there remains some uncertainty as to the best firstline regimen this might be irrelevant because studies have shown that os is dependent on exposure to all the active agents regardless of the time period of SE bevacizumab which uses antiangiogenic strategies has improved diseasefree survival dfs and os when combined with standard chemotherapy and is a vital component of M1 CC therapy however there are no data supporting its use past progression cetuximab an epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitor is mainly used in irinotecanrefractory patients in spite of all these advances year os rates continue to be limited patients with curative resection of M1 seem to have longer dfs and better year os rates this should be a potential goal for responding patients with upfront unresectable organlimited disease | MEDAL |
it has been suggested that progression of bladder transitional cell cancer btcc may be regulated at the molecular level by a typical pattern of expression of genes involved in apoptosis recently livin belonging to the IAPs iap family has been found to be expressed in most solid tumors where its expression is suggested to have clinical significance in order to explore the significance of livin expression in the OD of btcc immunohistochemistry and rtqpcr were used to detect the expression of livin mrna in RT tissues and adjacent normal tissues of cases of btcc the results showed that the positive rate of livin expression in adjacent normal tissues and tumor tissues was and respectively thedelta delta ct value of livin in btcc tissues was times of that in adjacent normal tissues the expression of livin mrna had no correlation with tumor pathological grades and clinical stages it was suggested that there was weak expression of livin mrna in adjacent normal tissues but strong in tumor tissuings confirmed the diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis immunohistochemical stains revealed CD4+ spindleshaped cells and electron microscopy did not detect free gadolinium following improvement in renal CF and various treatments his plaques softened fibrosis slowed and mobility partially improved gadolinium MRCP was performed following this improvement six weeks later further progression of nephrogenic SVR fibrosis occurred despite normal renal function | MEDAL |
for immunogenetic and economical reasons an operative technique for lung transplantation in the rat was developed with the use of an T0 TSM and and sutures the left pulmonary artery vein and brochus were anastomosed the mean T0 time was hours the mean VG ischemia time T2 T3 frequent failures initially due to anesthetic problems and lack of experience with microsurgical operative technique a final peroperative survival of about was obtained postoperative mortality approximated the main cause of postoperative death was thrombus formation at the site of an anastomosis in a final series of isogeneic transplantations proper data for a onemonth followup was obtained from of the animals that underwent operation a percentage comparable with initial canine pcality and by week is established on cases confirmed by serology andor by virus isolation clinical aspect was CP but CL and digestive tract of patients were frequently affected five haemorrhagic forms were observed aedes aegypti was found in each visited house pooled specimens were found infected by type virus | MEDAL |
to determine the occupational significance of tickborne zoonoses we sought serological evidence of LB human monocytic ehrlichiosis hme and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis hge in a representative sample of farmworkers although around reported ticks on their domestic and companion animals few per year reported being bitten by ticks seroprevalence of lyme borreliosis hme and hge was low those seropositive for hge were no more likely to report tick bites nor more likely to report ticks on their animals this T0 provides evidence that farmworkers in england are exposed to tickborne zoonoses but that they are uncommon since the severity of these diseases is linked to delays in diagnosis and treatment clinicians should be aware of these diagnoses in patients from rural communities with or without a selfreported PH of tick bite | MEDAL |
two phosphatidylinositol pianchored versions of a measles virus mv receptor membrane cofactor protein mcp cd were generated by fusing the extracellular domain of mcp to the decayaccelerating factor daf cd or its pi anchor the pianchored forms of mcp expressed on chinese hamster ovary cells otherwise nonpermissive to mv conferred a smaller mv cytopathic effect than a wildtype mcp a serthrrich domaindeletion mutant and a cytoplasmic taildeletion mutant of mcp therefore the differences in mv receptor properties between the two pianchored and three transmembrane forms were investigated the pianchored forms were predominantly expressed on microvilli as in daf whereas the other TM forms were found on IM the pianchored forms conferred high mvbinding capacity compared with the TM versions mv replication was however severely suppressed in cells expressing the pianchored forms resulting in ineffective syncytium formation in contrast celltocell F0 occurred efficiently after cotransfection of cdna species encoding mvh mvf and any version of mcp thus the pianchored forms despite showing sufficient mv binding and celltocell fusion competence together with mvh and mvf mediate inefficient mv entry or replication which causes severe suppression of the mv cytopathic effect a biased receptor CSD on MV might participate in the selection of a low mv uptake pathway in the pianchored forms of mcp taken together the TM portion of mcp is a critical factor for effective viruscell F0 and the subsequent mv replication | MEDAL |
the hemodynamic effects of a new ic antiarrhythmic agent org were compared with those of flecainide and propafenone in anesthetized pigs with developing myocardial infarcts one hour after acute coronary artery occlusion the only significant hemodynamic effect of an intravenous iv dose of org mgkg known to prevent ischemiainduced VVI fibrillation vf in dogs was a decrease in HR rate hr of while cardiac SO co stroke volume sv and left ventricular lv dpdtp were unchanged at four times this dose the only sustained and significant responses to org were decreased co and bradycardia whereas decreases in arterial and lv pressures bp and lvp and lvdpdtp were transient in contrast a therapeutic dose of flecainide mgkg induced sustained reductions in co sv lvdpdtp and lvp whereas a similar therapeutic dose of propafenone decreased lvp reduced co partly as a result of bradycardia and decreased lvdpdtp but not sufficiently to decrease sv two electrical deaths occurred in each of the propafenone n and flecainide n CG but arrhythmic deaths did not occur in org or salinetreated animals we conclude that org in therapeutic doses unlike propafenone and especially flecainide is not cardiodepressant in animals whose cardiac function is already compromised in addition there was no evidence of proarrhythmogenicity at the doses of org used | MEDAL |
this study aimed to understand the relationship between the clock drawing test cdt and decreased blood flow in mild cognitive impairment mci patients using singlephoton emission computed tomography | MEDAL |
one of the several phenes specified by the maize dominant mutation lax midribo lxmo on l is the proliferation of leaf flaps usually paired around veins on the abaxial leaf surface using histology and SEM microscopy we show these flaps to be authentic leaf structures in rare instances complete ectopic leaves are found the first divisions preceding flap emergence occur between plastochrons and stages when the course of leaf differentiation is well under way no sign of meristem or any small densely cytoplasmic primordiumlike cells were seen at the CS of flap initiation in addition the sites of ectopic leaf initiation do not express knox knottedlike homeobox proteins a molecular marker for shoot apical meristem cell identity thus the cells that proliferate into ectopic leaves do not arise from a meristem or a primordium a similar phenomenon has been described in several dicots but in no other monocots the details of flap morphology compared to the morphology of the leaf proper suggest a model whereby cells in regions of the leaf proper maintain the competence they acquired in the meristem these cells then respond properly in a regulated manner to a delayed signal emanating from veins denoting make the organ you are competent to make | MEDAL |
precisioncut liver slices are a widely accepted in vitro system for the examination of drug metabolism enzyme induction or hepatotoxic effects of xenobiotics the maintenance of the distinct lobular expression and induction DP of phase i biotransformation enzymes however has not been examined systematically so far thus in the present T0 both longitudinal and transversal sections of male rat liver slices were investigated morphologically as well as IHC for the expression of different cytochrome p cyp isoforms T3 prolonged incubation or after exposure to typical inducers histopathological examinations revealed an increasing vacuolization of the periportal hepatocytes mainly in the middle of the slices from h of incubation on paralleled by a loss of glycogen in the respective cells after h mainly in the center of the slices necroses of cells occurred after h of incubation typically a central band of coagulative necrosis flanked by SF layers of viable cells was observed freshly prepared slices displayed a cyp subtypes expression as normal liver specimen a very low centrilobular cyp a immunostaining but a strong cyp b and a expression predominantly in the CE and intermediate lobular zones from h on the immunostaining for cyp b and a was to some extent reduced T3 h of incubation with betanaphthoflavone the cyp a and b expression was induced mainly in the viable cells around CE veins around some portal fields with bigger vessels and in the cell layers close to the slice surface at the same CS phenobarbital led to an increased cyp b and a expression and dexamethasone to an elevated cyp a IS theseplace almost simultaneously with the activation of caspase | MEDAL |
allelespecific polymorphism asap analysis is a modification of singlestrand conformation polymorphism sscp mutation screening under optimized temperature conditions in a minigel format with ethidium bromide PCD asap analysis was used to screen for and identify mutations within the human thyroid hormone receptorbeta htrbeta gene these mutations are the underlying cause of resistance to thyroid hormone rth eleven dissimilar known htrbeta mutations and six previously uncharacterized mutations were accurately identified asap screening extends to unique asapdna fingerprinting as an identifying signature for each novel htrbeta mutation detected thus far gelplugs from the sscp gels containing polymorphic ssDNA dna alleles were used without elution to prepare solidphase sequencing templates for mutant S2 pcr and sequencing maps the coupling of asap analysis with maps has eliminated many of the interpretative and technical problems associated with the sequencing of heterozygous alleles together this convenient screening and sequencing methodology offers accuracy reproducibility speed and the potential eliminationvate to flavodoxin which reduces nitrogenase the nifj gene of anabaena isolated from a cosmid bank was found to contain an open reading frame encoding a aa protein the deduced CAA CS shows identity to the klebsiella homolog the nifj gene in anabaena was inactivated by chromosomal interruption the resulting mutant was unable to grow on medium depleted of both iron and combined nitrogen but grew normally fixing nitrogen when iron was present nifj transcripts of and kb are induced by iron depletion irrespective of nitrogen status one particular stretch of the anabaena nifj gene encodes aa with no complementary matches in the klebsiella protein this insert contains five TRs of the heptamer ccccagt these heptamers as well as heptamers and octamers of other related sequences have been located in a number of cyanobacterial genomes but are usually not found within the coding region of a gene the site of the anabaena heptamers in the nifj genes of other filamentous cyanobacteria contains a surprising diversity of repeated sequences both octamers and heptamers the corresponding protein inserts range in length from to aa relative to klebsiella nifj | MEDAL |
A-V thromboembolism vte risk assessment for adults admitted to hospital is commonplace but the utility of assessment tools in patients admitted to hospices or palliative care units and prediction of symptomatic vte is unknown | MEDAL |
the concentration of the metabolite of the betablocker metipranolol was determined in the aqueous humour of cataract patients at or h before surgery they received one drop microliters of a or solution of the drug at or h after the application of metipranolol eye drops desacetylmetipranolol concentrations of and ngml respectively were measured at the same intervals after the instillation of metipranolol eye drops the respective values of and ngml were found the metabolite concentration in the eye drops and the values measured show no consistent correlation | MEDAL |
treatment with mab to the lt ag on th cells can inhibit autoimmunity in mice however the mechanism by which CD4 inhibits autoimmunity is not known in these studies lupusprone B/W bw mice were treated with fab fragments of mab to lt to determine whether th cell depletion is required for the beneficial effects of CD4 we first showed that treatment of female bw mice with fab CD4 from age to mo significantly reduced autoantibody production without depleting lt cells however treatment was complicated by the OD of a host immune response to the rat mab fragments to circumvent this problem female bw mice were treated with a single highdose of intact rat mab to lt gk at age two mo to induce immune tolerance to the mab then T3 recovery of lt cells the mice were treated from age four to mo with either fab CD4 mg times per wk IN antilt or saline in mice tolerized by this regimen neither the fab rat mab nor the intact rat mab elicited a host response the mab fragments bound target ag but did not deplete the th cells whereas IN mab to lt profoundly depleted the lt cells despite this difference both therapies had the same substantial beneficial effects on autoimmunity they significantly decreased antidna ab production improved renal function and prolonged survival the initial tolerizing dose by itself did not inhibit autoimmunity these findings show that antilt suppresses autoimmunity by directly altering th cell CF through the lt ag and not solely by depleting th cells they also document the detrimental effects of the host immune response to therapy with CD4 mab and they demonstrate a new strategy by which this response may be prevented | MEDAL |
this study was purposed to culture mu compact bonederived mesenchymal SC msc and analyze the immunological and trilineage differentiation potential tibia and femur were extracted bone marrow cells were flushed out and compact bone fragments were digested with MMP-8 the digested cells were cultured in well plates the IP immunosuppressive CF and trilineage differentiation potential were analysed by flow cytometry mixed lympocyte reaction and oil red o von kossa and alcian blue straining respectively the results indicated that the pure compact bone msc could be isolated with in weeks the resulting msc had trilineage differentiation potential and immunosuppressive effect on mixed lymphocyte reaction the count per minute cpm value in control group of balbc TA cocultured with irrnt beam qualities | MEDAL |
the freely dissolved concentration cfree of pollutants is generally believed to be bioavailable and thus responsible for toxic effects the cfree of organic weak acids and bases consists of a dissociated and a nondissociated fraction by using CPs as model compounds a negligibledepletion SE technique equilibrium sampling through CM estm was developed for the measurement of the nondissociated part of the cfree PP hollow fiber membranes microm id microm wall thickness microm pore size cm length were impregnated with undecane in the pores in the fiber wall as liquid membrane and filled with buffer solution in the lumen as acceptor then the HF membranes were placed into the sample donor for an equilibrium extraction after sealing the two ends the chlorophenol concentrations in the acceptor were then determined by direct injection into a hplc system finally the cfree of the nondissociated and the dissociated species of a chlorophenol were calculated based on its measured concentration in the acceptor its pka value and the measured ph in sample and acceptor theoretically calculated CSD coefficients d agree well with the exp enrichment factors eemax and the equilibration time was observed to increase with increasing distribution coefficients hours to days the freely dissolved concentration of five chlorophenols with a wide range of pka and log kow were successfully determined in MM solutions of humic acids and at lowppb C2 in river and leachate water | MEDAL |
neuroimaging studies have shown that white matter damage accompanies excessive alcohol use but the functional correlates of alcoholrelated WG matter disruption remain unknown this T0 applied tractbased spatial statistics tbss to DTI dti data from heavy drinkers mean age ± female to obtain averaged fractional anisotropy fa values of VWM tracts statistical analyses examined correlations of fa values with bloodoxygenationleveldependent bold response to an alcohol taste cue measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri fa values of nine white matter tracts anterior corona radiata body of CC cingulate gyrus external capsule fornix inferior frontooccipital fasciculus posterior corona radiata retrolenticular limb of IC and superior longitudinal fasciculus were significantly negatively correlated with bold activation in medial FC gyrus parahippocampal gyrus FG cingulum TH Cd putamen insula and cerebellum the inverse relation between white matter integrity and PET activation during the alcohol taste cue provides support for the hypothesis that lower VWM integrity in frontoparietal and corticolimbic networks is a factor in loss of control over alcohol consumption | MEDAL |
the study concerned the effects of pge and pgf alpha on the spontaneous tone and the responses to FS of isolated strips from LES les pyloric sphincter ps and ileocaecal sphincter ics of cats pge and pgf alpha microm increased the les tone and abolished the ps contractions FP increased the tone of ics while pge had no effect at all the effects of the prostaglandins pg were reduced when the preparations were pretreated with atropine propranolol and phenoxybenzamine microm pge and pgf alpha decreased the les EC50 in response to FS msec hz for sec at supramaximal current no responses of ps to field stimulation were observed T3 pg treatment pgf alpha increased the amplitude of the relaxation response in the ics to field stimulation pge did not NC the effect of field stimulation in ics the effects of pge and FP on the les and ics responses to field stimulation were not influenced by adrenergic and ACh blocking agents the data suggest a pg effect on nonadrenergic noncholinergic purinergic transmission in the gastrointestinal sphincter smooth muscle on field stimulation due to the high concentration of pg used this effect was probably a pharmacological one | MEDAL |
polyclonal antibodies against the core protein of the small chondroitin sulfatedermatan sulfate proteoglycan from human skin FB secretions were used after affinitypurification as a probe to T0 localization of CR material in several human tissues by indirect immunocytochemistry in contrast to skin kidney and the adventitial layer of aorta positive IF of BB CL cartilage and intimal and medial layers of aorta required i.c.v. of tissue sections with chondroitin abc lyase in all tissues investigated antigenic material was present in the interstitial space f consisting of m tuberculosis atypical mycobacteria and m bovis three while nocardia asteroides accounted for six amongst the various fungi isolated candida species and aspergillus species were very prevalent it is noteworthy that of the clinical specimens had single aetiologic agents while were polymicrobial | MEDAL |
decision aids are evidencedbased tools designed to increase patient understanding of medical options and possible outcomes facilitate conversation between patients and clinicians and improve patient engagement decision aids have been used for shared decision making sdm interventions outside of the ed setting for more than a decade their use in the ed has only recently begun to be studied this article provides background on this topic and the conclusions of the academic emergency medicine consensus conference sdm in practice work group regarding shared decision making in the emergency department development of a policyrelevant patientcentered research agenda the goal was to determine a prioritized research agenda for the OD and testing of sdm interventions for use in emergency care that was most important to patients clinicians caregivers and other key stakeholders using the nominal group technique the consensus WG proposed prioritized research questions in six key domains content ie clinical scenario or decision area level of evidence available tool design strategies risk communication stakeholders and outcomes | MEDAL |
the thymus one tl antigen is a H-2 complexencoded nonclassical class i molecule here we present data demonstrating that expression of the tl antigen unlike other class i molecules is completely independent of the function of the transporter associated with antigen processing tap the tl antigen is expressed by transfected tapdeficient rmas cells when these cells are grown at degrees c in transfected rma cells the kinetics of arrival of tl antigen on the cell surface are similar to those of a classical class i molecule the kinetics are not altered in tapdeficient rmas cells demonstrating that surface tl expression in tapdeficient cells is not due to the SD expression of a few molecules that leak out by a tapindependent pathway soluble tl molecules produced by Dm cells are highly resistant to thermal denaturation unlike peptidefree classical class i molecules synthesized by these insect cells in addition these soluble tl molecules are devoid of detectable bound peptides the results demonstrate that the tl antigen is capable of reaching the surface without bound peptide although acquisition of peptide or some other ligand through a tapindependent pathway cannot be formally excluded we speculate that the ability of the tl antigen to reach the cell surface under conditions in which other class i molecules do not may be related to a specialized function of the tl molecule in the mucosal immune system and possibly in the stimulation of intestinal gamma delta TA | MEDAL |
peginterferon betaa was efficacious in a phase relapsing multiple sclerosis trial and its safety profile was consistent with other beta interferons this study evaluated the impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics neopterin elevation a biomarker of pharmacological activity induced by interferon betaa of peginterferon betaa following a single subcutaneous dose at μg n or μg n the results showed a fractional increase in areaundertheconcentrationtime curve auc and peak serum concentration cmax in subjects with mild moderate and severe renal impairment versus healthy subjects auc and cmax were similar for healthy subjects and endstagerenaldisease patients receiving hemodialysis pharmacokinetic simulation showed that the steady state concentration overlapped in the majority of healthy subjects and subjects with severe renal impairment neopterin baseline peak concentration and auc increased as renal function decreased peginterferon betaa was well tolerated in all groups these results do not warrant peginterferon betaa dose adjustment in subjects with RI | MEDAL |
PSP psp occurs subsequent to a disruption in the continuity of visceral pleura and escape of air into the pleural space the cause of psp is most often the rupture of subpleural blebs or bullae it is usually difficult to detect evidence of pulmonary pathology the purposes of the present T0 were to investigate the changes of pulmonary alveolar epithelial permeability in patients with psp as determined by tcm dtpa aerosol lung scintigraphy to assess whether or not some differences exist between apical and basal parts of the lungs and to determine the relationship between the clearance rate of tcm dtpa and the pft results the recurrence rate of psp and the percentage of pneumothorax in affected lung | MEDAL |
vascular complications have a detrimental effect on the outcome T3 CL transplantation most studies focus exclusively on HAT hat the current study analyzed the incidence consequences and risk factors for hat PVT pvt and venous outflow tract one voto in a consecutive series of pediatric liver transplantations the overall incidence of vascular complications was the incidences of hat pvt and voto were and respectively patient survival T3 pvt and voto and graft survival T3 hat and pvt were less compared with survival of grafts without V1 complications to identify risk AF for vascular complications factors related to recipient donor and surgical techniques were analyzed a low donorrecipient dr age ratio long surgical time and use of the proper hepatic i.a. of the recipient for arterial reconstruction were risk AF for hat young age low weight segmental grafts and piggyback technique were risk AF for pvt fulminant hepatic failure high dr age and weight ratios and use of segmental grafts were related to voto vascular complications which occurred in of the pediatric CL transplantations had a significant impact on patient and GS size disparity between donor and recipient was an important risk factor for V1 complications especially in the case of transplantation of segmental grafts patient and graft survival might improve by avoiding the identified risk AF | MEDAL |
the hemodynamic reactions of patients with neurocirculatory dystonia ncd dacostas syndrome were compared to those of HCs during the isometric handgrip test orthostatic test valsalva test and the CPT the effects of hyperventilation on the ability to hold the breath were studied in both groups using the HV test the patients and controls were young men who were doing their conscript service and the average age was years in both CG the diagnosis of ncd was made using the criteria described by friedman the patients had several PS related to the cardiorespiratory system the intensity of which varied from time to time and were not closely related to physical effort in order to exclude organic diseases that could have caused the PS the patients were required to have no PH of chronic organic diseases they were also required to have no infectious diseases nor to be convalescents when participating in this T0 and to have a normal ecg and a normal thorax xray the controls were anamnestically free from chronic diseases the changes in the blood pressure HR rate stroke volume cardiac index peripheral vascular resistance and the systolic time intervals during the four tests were measured noninvasively using sphygmomanometry electro phono and impedance cardiography the ability to hold the breath T3 a DI was similar in the two CG immediately T3 hyperventilation the ability to hold the breath did not improve in the ncd group as much as in the control group in the orthostatic test the rise in the mean blood pressure was only momentarily greater in the control group than in the ncd group and the HR rate increased about equally in the two groups the transthoracic impedance increased significantly more in the controls than in the patients in the headup position the alterations in the systolic time intervals immediately after the changes of posture were more rapid in the control group that in the ncd group during the expiratory strain of the valsalva maneuver the hemodynamic changes in the two groups did not clearly differ from each other but after the end of the strain the blood pressure overshoot lasted longer in the ncd group than in the control group during the cold immersion the stroke volume decreased significantly more in the ncd group than in the control group the SW index increased significantly in the control group but did not change in the ncd group during the immersionabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
although the exact mechanism of prostaglandin e pgemediated cytoprotection has not been elucidated its ability to induce cytoprotection in CC suggests this action occurs at the cellular level the present studies were conducted to determine whether pge induces protection against trisglutathionsylhydroquinone trisglutathionsylhqmediated cytotoxicity in a renal proximal tubule epithelial cell L1 llcpk and to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with this response pretreatment of llcpk cells with microm pge for h fully protects against a moderately toxic concentration of trisglutathionsylhq pgemediated cytoprotection is observed in cells pretreated at ph but not at ph however cytoprotection is observed in llcpk cells pretreated with the pge analog deoxydimethyl pge ddmpge but not with the pge receptor EP ep agonists phenyltrinor pge ep deoxy pge epep sulprostone epep pge or pga otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa a potent activator of protein kinase c pkc also induces cytoprotection supporting a role for this pathway in the cytoprotective response pge ddmpge and tpa all induce the binding of nuclear proteins to a tpa responsive PE tre whereas analogs that did not induce cytoprotection pge phenyltrinor pge sulprostone were without effect ddmpge and tpamediated cytoprotection and tre CBA are inhibited by nbromophenylpropenylaminoethylisoquinolinesulfonam ide h a pkc inhibitor these data suggest that cytoprotection by pge and ddmpge in llcpk cells is mediated by a pkccoupled receptor which is pharmacologically distinct from the presently classified ep receptor subtypes | MEDAL |
sfsp capsules containing sustained PR LG of FT were given to patients with CL cancer primary and metastatic and tissue levels of tegafur and its metabolites inhibition of thymidylate synthetase were examined fu and fdump the active metabolites of FT showed a good accumulation in hepatic lesion and their C2 were found to be higher in patients with primary lesion than in M1 one in contrast inhibitory rate of thymidylate synthetase in metastatic lesion was larger than in primary one suggesting that the agent has stronger antitumor effect against M1 lesion this result is consistent with our clinical experiences no clear relationship between tissue level of tegafur or its metabolites and inhibitory rate of thymidylate synthetase was found inhibition of dna synthesis andor rna CF are thought to be the action mechanisms of fu and its derivatives the present study suggests that measurement of the inhibition of TS in malignant tissue together with the concentration of the drug and its metabolites may contribute for the elucidation of the antitumor effect of the drug | MEDAL |
surface alterations of the stria vascularis and reissners membrane were studied in guinea pigs following intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of ethacrynic acid or atoxyl dcpotential was measured in the same animals during intoxication in addition we studied changements in potassium concentration PL endolymph of the atoxyltreated animals | MEDAL |
intraoperative hemodilution and retransfusion were used for blood replacement in patients who underwent elective reconstruction of the abdominal aorta TA or FP segment during each T0 to milliliters of AB were collected through an arterial cannula during induction of anesthesia and the initial stages of operative exposure each volume of shed blood was replaced with volumes of colloid and crystalloid solutions to maintain a stable intravascular volume despite transient low hematocrit valuesmean per centduring the period of maximum BL in the surgical field collected blood was stored in standard citratephosphatedextrose disposable units and was reinfused at the conclusion of the V1 procedure swanganz pulmonary i.a. catheters were inserted in an initial T0 group of patients serial blood hematocrit and coagulation studies and hemodynamic parameters were measured or calculated before and after induction of anesthesia during HD after reinfusion of autologous blood and hours after T0 improvement in cardiac output and reduction in IP V1 resistance maintained adequate systemic oxygen transport during hemodilution transient dilution of coagulation factors was documented by abnormal prothrombin and PTT times but serious one tendencies did not occur twentyone of the patients received no HB considering the entire series of patients each required only sd unit of rat blood during T0 and the postoperative period | MEDAL |
in this T0 we investigated whether the neuroprotection previously seen with dexmedetomidine or sketamine involves regulation of proapoptotic bax and p and Bcl-2 bcl and mdm proteins rats were anesthetized with isoflurane after surgical preparation of isoflurane was discontinued animals were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl and nitrous oxide nooxygen plus microgkg of dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally min before ischemia n mg x kg x min of sketamine and oxygenair n or fentanyl and nooxygen n control group in all three treatment CG incomplete CBF ischemia min was induced by unilateral 2VO and hemorrhagic hypotension to a mean arterial blood pressure of mm hg four hours after the start of reperfusion the brains were removed and the expression of apoptosisregulating proteins was determined by using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis the results were compared with sham n T3 cerebral ischemiareperfusion the relative protein concentration of bax was increased by in control animals compared with the dexmedetomidine and sketaminetreated rats and by compared with the shamoperated animals in animals treated with dexmedetomidine the expression of bcl and mdm was larger compared with control and respectively or shamoperated and respectively animals therefore it is possible that the neuroprotective properties of dexmedetomidine and sketamine seen in previous studies involve ultraearly modulation of the balance between pro and Bcl-2 proteins | MEDAL |
about onethird of individuals with focal epilepsy continue to have seizures despite optimal medical management these patients are potentially curable with neurosurgery if the epileptogenic zone ez can be identified and resected stereoelectroencephalography seeg to record epileptic activity with intracranial depth electrodes may be required to identify the ez each seeg electrode trajectory the path between the entry on the skull and the cerebral target must be planned carefully to avoid trauma to blood vessels and conflicts between electrodes in current clinical practice trajectories are determined manually typically taking h per patient min per electrode manual planning mp aims to achieve an implantation plan with good coverage of the putative ez an optimal spatial resolution and d distribution of electrodes computerassisted planning tools can reduce planning time by quantifying trajectory suitability | MEDAL |
EAM eam is elicited in certain strains of mice by immunizing with mouse cardiac myosin concomitant with the ON of myocardial inflammation is the induction of circulating igg antibodies to S1 to further examine the role of myosin in disease both eamsusceptible aj and eamresistant ba mice were immunized with myosin emulsified in cfa and examined for myocardial inflammation and igg deposition myocarditis was common in susceptible but not resistant CS mice igg deposition was extensive in aj mice but modest in ba mice when compared to controls given adjuvant alone localization was independent of inflammatory or necrotic lesions a spot elisa indicated that antimyosin igg antibodysecreting cells were present in the myocardial infiltrate and likely contributed to antibody localization antibody was eluted from the NF of immunized animals and found to react strongly with normal heart tissue by indirect immunohistochemistry this reactivity was not CR absorbed by skeletal muscle indicating that some of the antibody was heartspecific western immunostaining demonstrated that eluates from immunized aj and ba mice possessed antimyosin antibody activity similar CR was not observed in eluates from control mice of either strain comparison of HR CR with syngeneic and allogeneic tissue suggests that although myosin immunization elicits rat antibody in both strains each may recognize distinct epitopes these findings strongly suggest that cardiac myosin or a myosinlike determinant is expressed on the surface of normal mouse myocytes | MEDAL |
antioxidants have been studied to be effective in improving embryo qualities from in vitro fertilization lcarnitine lc has been known to reduce ROS species and enhance adenosine triphosphate production which contribute to the development of a highquality embryo this is the first study to include both mouse and human subjects and aimed to evaluate whether lc supplementation in SC media has any beneficial effect on the OD of the embryos as well as its clinical outcomes | MEDAL |
lipoprotein glomerulopathy lpg is a dominant inherited kidney disorder characterized by lipoprotein thrombi in glomerular capillaries singleaminoacid mutations in apoe have been associated with the OD of the disease although the mechanism is unknown in an effort to gain mechanistic insight linking the presence of such mutations and the OD of lpg we evaluated the effects of three of the most common apoe SCV associated with this disease namely rpsendai rpchicago and rposaka or kurashiki on the structural and conformational integrity of the protein all three SCV were found to have significantly reduced helical content to expose a larger portion of hydrophobic surface to the solvent and to be significantly thermodynamically destabilized often lacking functionally relevant unfolding intermediates furthermore all variants were aggregation prone and had enhanced sensitivity to protease digestion finally although the SCV were able to form discoidal Lp discrete subpopulations of poorly formed or aberrant particles were evident furthermore these Lp were thermodynamically destabilized and aggregation prone overall our data suggest that these mutations induce a generalized unfolding of the NT domain of apoe toward a moltenglobulelike structure apoe nterminal domain unfolding due to mutation may constitute a common mechanism underlying the proteins association with the pathogenesis of lpg | MEDAL |
modulation of host immunity is an important potential mechanism by which probiotics confer health benefits this T0 was designed to investigate the effects of a probiotic CS LC shirota lcs on immune function using human IP blood mononuclear cells pbmc in vitro in addition the role of monocytes in lcsinduced immunity was also explored lcs promoted A-NK nk cell activity and preferentially induced expression of cd and cd on cd and cd subsets in the absence of any other CS- lcs also induced production of interleukin ilbeta il tumour necrosis factor TNF il and il in the absence of lipopolysaccharide lps in the presence of lps lcs enhanced ilbeta production but inhibited lpsinduced il and il production and had no further effect on tnfalpha and il production monocyte SD reduced significantly the impact of lcs on lymphocyte activation cytokine production and A-NK nk cell activity in conclusion lcs activated cytotoxic lymphocytes preferentially in both the innate and TPS immune systems which suggests that lcs could potentiate the destruction of INF cells in the body lcs also induced both Th1 and antiinflammatory cytokine production in the absence of lps but in some cases inhibited lpsinduced cytokine production monocytes play an important role in lcsinduced immunological responses | MEDAL |
to use serology to investigate an outbreak of verocytotoxin vt producing escherichia coli o in a hospital nursery following the detection of faecal e coli o phage type producing vt type | MEDAL |
retinal photoreceptors are particularly vulnerable to local highglucose concentrations oxidative AS is a risk factor for DR development melanocortin receptors represent a family of gproteincoupled receptors classified in five subtypes and are expressed in retina our previous data indicate that subtypes and receptor agonists exert a protective role on exp diabetic retinopathy this study focuses on their role in primary retinal cell cultures in highglucose concentrations after eye enucleation from wildtype male B6 mice retinal cells were isolated plated in highglucose concentration and treated with melanocortin receptors and agonists and antagonists immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis showed that treatment with melanocortin receptors and agonists reduced antiinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase C2 preserving photoreceptor integrity according with these evidences we propose a L1 role of melanocortin receptors and on primary retinal cell response against high gl or oxidative insults | MEDAL |
autoantibodies to the angiotensin ii type receptor atr have been reported in patients with primary aldosteronism including aldosterone producing adenoma apa and IHA iah sera from primary aldosteronism subjects with iah and with apa and normotensive control subjects were assayed for atr autoantibodies by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and an atrtransfected cellbased bioassay nine of iah subjects and six of apa subjects were positive for atr autoantibodies in the bioactivity assay the mean atr autoantibody activity for the iah and apa subjects was significantly greater than controls p and p respectively and this in vitro activity was suppressed by the atr blocker losartan none of the controls had significant atr autoantibody activity ELISA CA values were less CS but were positive in some subjects with iah and apa the MAP pressure of these primary aldosteronism subjects correlated modestly with atr autoantibody activity these data confirm the presence of active atr autoantibodies in a high percentage of subjects with primary aldosteronism irrespective of their underlying etiology these observations have both pathophysiological and clinical implications | MEDAL |
this paper presents a safe electrically powered mrcompatible actuator with a large range of SO impedance which can be used at the entry of the scanner bore this actuator is composed of an US motor usm and a torquecontrolled electrorheological fluid clutch which modulates the output torque of the usm this paper describes the developments on the electrorheological fluid erf clutch and its high voltage driver the performances of the erf brake constituting the clutch are evaluated and its torque range is adapted using an epicyclic differential the transmissible torque of the erf clutch ie the maximum system SO torque is mnm and its drag torque is mnm the mr compatibility of the complete hybrid actuator is shown in extensive tests including subtraction of images and comparison of signaltonoise ratios in powered and unpowered conditions this novel mrcompatible actuator may be used to study the neural control of the hand | MEDAL |
ds is a murine monoclonal antibody developed using ovarian PTC serous adenocarcinoma as the immunogen ds immunohistochemically reacts with a tumorassociated antigen ca which has a limited range of expression in normal human tissues and is not expressed by benign mesothelium we have studied the spectrum of immunohistochemical CR of antibody ds in formalinfixed paraffinembedded human gynecological neoplasms the ca antigen shows strong expression in serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary cases and endometrium ca is also expressed by the majority of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas and brenner PT and by the majority of endometrioid adenocarcinomas mucinous adenocarcinomas and CC adenocarcinomas of the endometrium ca is detected in of ovarian clear cell carcinomas and is ND in ovarian mucinous cystadenomas mucinous intestinaltype BL PT mucinous adenocarcinomas or in malignant mesotheliomas in neoplasms with PTC or glandular growth patterns ca is detected along luminal cell CM ca is also seen along peripheral cell CM and focally in the cytoplasm in some epithelial neoplasms there is heterogeneity in immunohistochemical staining for ds both within an individual neoplasm and between neoplasms reactivity is not detected in neoplasms of sex cordstromal mesenchymal or germ cell origin | MEDAL |
negative priming np slowing down of the response for target stimuli that have been previously exposed but ignored has been reported in multiple psychological paradigms including the stroop task although np likely results from the interplay of selective attention episodic SM retrieval working SM and inhibition mechanisms a comprehensive theoretical account of np is currently unavailable this lacuna may result from the complexity of stimuli combinations in np thus we aimed to investigate the presence of different degrees of the np effect according to primeprobe combinations within a classic stroop task we recorded reaction times rts from healthy participants during stroop task performance and examined three different np subtypes defined according to the type of the stroop probe in primeprobe pairs our findings show significant rt differences among np subtypes that are putatively due to the presence of differential disinhibition ie PR from inhibition among the several potential origins for differential subtypes of np we investigated the involvement of selective attention andor WM using a PDP pdp model employing selective attention only and a modified pdp MM with WM pdpwm employing both selective attention and WM our findings demonstrate that unlike the conventional pdp MM the pdpwm successfully simulates different levels of np effects that closely follow the behavioral data this outcome suggests that working SM engages in the reaccumulation of the evidence for target response and induces differential np effects our computational MM complements earlier efforts and may pave the road to further insights into an integrated theoretical account of complex np effects | MEDAL |
a series of D2 Ïconjugated benzophenone analogs was synthesized through a facile lewisacid catalyzed friedelcrafts reaction in order to exploit the integral triplet state properties of BP extending the Ïconjugated plane of the phenyl ring of BP allowed tuning of the excitation wavelength from the faruv end â¼ nm to the visible spectrum â¼ nm compared to benzophenone significant redshifts in the absorption up to nm in solution with high photostability were observed for the synthesized benzophenone analogs as is evident from the density functional theory calculations expansion of the ring size of the aromatic part of the benzophenone analogs induces a decrease in the homolumo gap the considerable extension of the electron density to the carbonyl group in the lumo substantiates the triplet nature associated with the BP analogs by virtue of the properties of the carbonyl functionality an apparent increase in the triplet quantum yield Ït to was observed for the benzophenone analogs when compared to the corresponding bare polyaromatic hydrocarbon the spin orbit coupling was computationally estimated for the benzophenone analogs to propose pathways for the observed intersystem crossing process the plausibility to photoexcite the aromaticringfused benzophenone frameworks for triplet activation in the visible range opens the door for a new class of materials for photonic application | MEDAL |
p nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy of the tibialis anterior muscle was carried out on nine acutely ischaemic limbs in eight patients before and after revascularization in limbs of claudicants at rest in patients with normal lower limb circulation suffering chronic renal failure and in six healthy subjects claudicants renal failure and healthy limbs showed similar inorganic phosphatephosphocreatine ratios pipcr healthy volunteers after min tourniquet ischaemia and pahat nitric oxide production is not a substratelimited process in this MM GS in this group was unchanged lnmma produced a small increase in GS from to days compared with control allografts p and abolished the rise in urinary nitrate excretion seen with control allografts lower doses of lnmma produced doserelated decrements in urinary nitrate excretion but did not alter GS we found that allograft AAR can proceed to VG loss despite CR inhibition of the increase in nitric oxide production that occurs during UT rejection the small increase in VG survival suggests that nitric oxide plays a minor role as a cytotoxic effector molecule in this model of AR | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in a metropolitan city which was stated as iodine sufficient area T3 salt iodination program this multicenter crosssectional study was carried out on pregnant women age gestational weeks smoking consumption of iodized salt dietary salt restriction history of stillbirth abortus and congenital malformations were questioned spot urine samples were analyzed for urine iodine concentration uic the outcomes were a median uic in three trimesters of pregnancy and b frequency of id among Pr women the median uic was µgl the median uic was µgl µgl and µgl in three trimesters of pregnancy respectively p uic µgl was observed in n and uic µgl was observed in n of pregnant women only n of the Pr women had uic levels higher than µgl this study showed that more than of the pregnant women in this iodinesufficient city are facing some degree of iodine deficiency during their pregnancy a salt iodization program might be satisfactory for the nonpregnant population but it seems to be insufficient for the Pr population | MEDAL |
a yearold woman who had no thrombotic risk AF and past PH except congenital scoliosis underwent central venous catheterization cvc before correction of the scoliosis when internal jugular vein ijv catheterization using the anatomical landmark technique failed cvc under ultrasound guidance was tried as a consequence thrombosis and hypoplasia of the right ijv were incidentally detected by ultrasonography central A-V catheters were then successfully placed in other veins under ultrasound guidance also after examinations to rule out the possibility of pulmonary embolism and to clarify the causes of the ijv thrombosis the patient was found to have protein s deficiency cvc under ultrasound guidance should be recommended to prevent the failure of cannulation and complications such as thromboembolism in patients who could possibly have anomalies of vessels as a result of anatomical deformities caused by severe scoliosis even if patients do not have thrombotic risk factors such as a history of central catheter IS or intravenous drug abuse cancer advanced age CBF infarction and left VVI dysfunction also if venous thrombosis is found in patients without predisposing risk AF one should ascertain the cause of the hypercoagulable state for example protein s deficiency and perform AGA treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism | MEDAL |
receptors for the fc part of igg on polymorphonuclear cells fcr of patients with rheumatoid ICA ra feltys syndrome fs and HCs hc were studied by means of a rosetting technique with rabbit igg coated ox erythrocytes when cold isolated polymorphonuclear cells pmn were incubated at RT the percentage of rosette forming pmn rfpmn from hc was more than twice that measured directly after isolation at degrees c the same phenomenon was observed for pmn from patients with ra although the rfpmn increased by only in contrast warming of pmn from patients with fs did not influence the rfpmn the presence of surface bound immunoglobulins and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins was measured by immunofluorescence and appeared to be inversely related to the rfpmn a good rho between the results of the cq IB CA cqba and the immunofluorescence score was observed but no correlation existed between the cqba and the rfpmn these results indicate that the number of pmn expressing fcr in patients with ra and fs is decreased presumably because of the phagocytosis of immune complex like material the decrease in the availability of fcr may influence the functions of the pmn | MEDAL |
in this work we tested the potential of desorption electrospray ionizationhigh resolution mass spectrometry desihrms for the analysis of unknown materials to this end our study focused on analyzing an unknown complex sample suspected of being an adulterated phytosanitary product or a fraud a simple and fast sample manipulation procedure filter paper impregnated with the sample was used for the chemical characterization of the phytosanitary product by desihrmsms kendrick mass defect kmd analysis was used to process the desi highresolution MS data allowing the ID of a low molecular weight CP PE glycol and the detection of other ions which did not follow CP distributions the characteristic isotope patterns of these ions suggested the presence of organometallic compounds accurate mass measurements isotope pattern fits and the structural information obtained by desimshrms wide isolation window allowed identifying the presence of triphenyltin a biocide extensively used for agricultural purposes and restricted by the european commission in the phytosanitary product the concentration of triphenyltin in the sample was which corresponds to â¼ expressed as weight of tin times higher than the maximum legislated level | MEDAL |
neural systems are organized in a modular way serving multiple functionalities this multiplicity requires that both positive eg excitatory phasecoherent and negative eg GABA phaseopposing interactions take place across brain modules unfortunately most methods to detect modules from time series either neglect or convert to positive any measured negative correlation this may leave a significant part of the siging the maximum gradient value this finding shows that the electronic nose can identify fish meal samples with different storage times | MEDAL |
premature ventricular complexes pvcs are consistently associated with worse prognosis and higher morbidity and mortality this article reviews pvcs and their presentation in patients with an apparently normal HR patients with pvcs may be CR asymptomatic whereas others may note severely disabling symptoms cardiomyopathy may occur with frequent pvcs diagnostic workup is directed at obtaining lead ecg to characterize qrs morphology holter monitor to assess frequency and echo and T3 imaging to assess for early cardiomyopathy and exclude structural heart disease options for management include WW medical therapy or catheter ablation malignant SCV of pvcs may induce VVI fibrillation even in a normal heart | MEDAL |
the effects of NT on pancreatic exocrine secretion were investigated both in the IN whole pancreas and in the isolated bloodperfused pancreas ex vivo in anaesthetized dogs intravenous iv i.v. of neurotensin nmolkg elicited dosedependent increases in the secretory rate of PJ without changes in plasma levels of cholecystokinin cck the concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice induced by NT was increased but the protein concentration was scarcely changed the neurotensininduced secretion was inhibited by sch a dopamine d antagonist but not by domperidone phentolamine propranolol atropine cimetidine or l a cck antagonist intraarterial ia injections of NT nmolkg also elicited dosedependent increases in the secretory rate of PJ flow but did not change bicarbonate or protein concentration the secretory MICs were less ERP and nmolkg of neurotensin ia was approximately equal to that of nmolkg of neurotensin iv these results suggest that neurotensin mainly stimulates pancreatic secretion by acting indirectly neurotensininduced secretion is at least in part mediated by endogenously released dopamine which activates dopamine d receptors on the pancreas in addition to its indirect action NT has a weak direct action to stimulate pancreatic secretion | MEDAL |
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer T3 basal cell carcinoma and accounts for the majority of nonmelanoma skin cancerrelated deaths in the american joint committee on CA revised the staging guidelines of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to reflect recent evidence concerning highrisk clinicopathologic features this update reviews the literature on prognostic features and staging including the eighth edition of the AJC on CA staging manual a wide range of histopathologic SCV of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma exists several of which are associated with aggressive SMB a review of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma variants emphasizing diagnostic pitfalls immuhistochemical findings and prognostic siare and improve outcomes however challenges remain in compliance with such protocols for urgent or emergent operations we hypothesized that compliance with an institutional protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis for appendectomy for appendicitis in pediatric patients results in reduced surgical site infections ssis after simple appendectomy | MEDAL |
knowledge of the nuclear dna content of a hydatidiform mole is extremely useful in distinguishing a PHM from a complete hydatidiform mole flow cytometry can be applied to both fresh or frozen tissue as well as to formalinfixed paraffinembedded samples methodologies for extracting IF and analyzing nuclei are relatively simple and inexpensive and results are accurate and reproducible the vast majority of flow cytometers currently available or in use are more than adequate for distinguishing the large difference in nuclear dna content between partial and CR hydatidiform moles with sophisticated modeling programs and expensive equipment being unnecessary we recommend that the dna content of all hydropic placentas posing diagnostic dilemmas be analyzed by flow cytometry when combined with clinical PH and careful gross and microscopic examination nuclear dna content should serve as a very strong indicator of final diagnosis | MEDAL |
several pathogenetic AF have been involved in the onset and progression of parkinsons disease pd including inflammation oxidative stress unfolded protein accumulation and apoptosis palmitoylethanolamide pea an endogenous nacylethanolamine has been shown to be a neuroprotective and antiinflammatory molecule acting as a peroxisome proliferator G1 receptor pparα agonist in this T0 we investigated the effects of pea on behavioral alterations and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in the hydroxydopamine ohdainduced model of pd in male mice additionally we showed the involvement of pparα in pea protective effect on shsyy neuroblastoma against ohda damage here we report that pea mgkgdaysc improved behavioral impairments induced by unilateral intrastriatal i.t. of ohda this effect was accompanied by a significant increase in IMT hydroxylase expression at striatal level indicating pea preserving effect on DA neurons moreover we found a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory enzymes ie iNOS synthase and cyclooxygenase a modulation between pro and antiapoptotic markers suggestive of pea capability in controlling neuroinflammation and cell death interestingly pea also showed protective scavenging effect through superoxide dismutase induction and dampened unfolding protein response interfering on glucoseregulated protein expression and perkeifα pathway similar data were found in in vitro studies where pea treatment was found to rescue shsyy Neuro-2a from ohdainduced damage and death partly by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum AS detrimental response therefore pea counteracting the pathogenetic aspects involved in the OD of pd showed its therapeutic potential possibly integrating current treatments correcting DA deficits and motor dysfunction | MEDAL |
we have examined the patterns of projections from different nuclei of the BB stem to the VP lateral geniculate nucleus vlgn of the TH i.v. of biotinylated dextran were made into different nuclei of the BS ie midbrain RE pontine RE deep layers of superior colliculus periaqueductal grey matter VL dorsolateral and lateral columns pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus PB nucleus lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus substantia nigra pars reticulata locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe of spraguedawley rats using stereotaxic coordinates our results show that all of the above mentioned BS nuclei have overlapping projections to the medial regions of the vlgn within the parvocellular lamina of the nucleus this if the first instance of the parvocellular lamina being shown to receive a L1 set of projections very few labelled terminals from the BB stem were ever seen within the larger more lateral magnocellular lamina which has been shown by previous studies to receive heavy inputs from visually associated structures such as the retina and occipital cortex since many of the BS nuclei injected in this T0 have little to do with visual processing our results suggest that one can perhaps package the vlgn into distinct visual MC and nonvisual parvocellular components | MEDAL |
ribonuclease l rnase l is an endoribonuclease that is activated upon IB of adenosine oligomers linked to to cleave viral and cellular rnas we recently proposed a MM for activation in which activator a binds to monomer e to form ea which subsequently dimerizes to the AS form ea cole j l carroll s s and kuo l c j biol chem here we have employed this model to define the equilibrium constants for activator IB ka and dimerization of ea to ea kd by equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation and fluorescence measurements multiwavelength sedimentation data were globally fit to the model above yielding values of ka microm and kd nm for linked adenosine trimer FL conjugates of linked adenosine trimer with hydroxycoumarin have been prepared the coumarin emission anisotropy shows a large increases upon IB to rnase l analysis of anisotropy titrations yields values of ka and kd close to those obtained by sedimentation the sedimentation parameters for unmodified linked adenosine trimer also agree with those obtained by enzyme kinetic methods carroll s s cole j l viscount t geib j gehman j and kuo l c j biol chem thus the data presented here clearly define the energetics of rnase l activation and support the minimal activation model | MEDAL |
to determine whether the presence of melancholic features in hospitalized patients with MD mdd was associated with specific clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes supporting melancholic depression as a distinct AT1 within mdd acutely ill inpatients with mdd were enrolled in an open week trial with fixeddose fluoxetine mg daily symptom severity was assessed regularly using the item hamilton depression rating scale hamd and clinical global impression of severity cgis melancholic features were defined according to the dsmiv criteria clinical variables were compared between patients with and without melancholic features generalized estimating equations method was used to explore the differences in hamd and cgis scores between the groups over time clinical response was defined as having a or greater reduction in hamd scores of the patients with at least one postbaseline assessment met the criteria for melancholic depression melancholic depression differed from nonmelancholic depression in clinical characteristics and predicted a better response to fluoxetine treatment the differentiation between melancholic and nonmelancholic depression within mdd hence is clinically significant and valid | MEDAL |
chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma which is usually seen in young normotensive patients is rare but has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years in this report we have presented a case of encapsulated IC hematoma mimicking intratumoural one with its whole natural radiological progression a yearold man developed a progressive neurological deficit one month T3 hospitalisation due to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage cranial ct and mr demonstrated a ringshaped hemorrhagic lesion with mass effect and perifocal edema after months there was marked improvement in clinical findings and imaging techniques showed marked resorption of the mass radiological findings of spontaneous resolution of the encapsulated IC hematoma are described for the first time in the reported case encapsulated IC hematoma can present much like a brain tumour and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other hemorrhagic SOL | MEDAL |
the utilization of endogenous stores by rb aorta in vitro was measured in substratefree medium glycogen disappearance may account for less than of the tissue o consumption during incubations of less than h at longer times or in the presence of gl glycogen catabolism is negligible calculations from the rate of proteolysis suggest that oxidation of endogenously generated amino acids accounts for less than of the oxygen consumption furthermore the presence of AOA a transaminase inhibitor did not alter the atpadp ratio by contrast measurements of the disappearance of tissue triglyceride indicate that endogenous lipid could meet the fuel requirements of the aorta direct measurement of intracellular FAO was obtained by measuring acyl carnitine specific activity and co production from cpalmitate fatty acid oxidation could account for at least of the total o consumption and of the fatty acids consumed were derived from endogenous tissue stores octanoate was found to inhibit both exogenous and endogenous FAO these findings may indicate that shorterchain fatty acids may be preferentially utilized by the aorta | MEDAL |
biobreeding rat t lymphocytes proliferate poorly in response to alloantigen transplantation of BB rats with FT tissue from DR rats leads to an improvement in the t cell proliferative response but only if the thymus contains bone marrowderived radiationresistant thymic antigen presenting cells of the diabetesresistant phenotype the current study provides evidence that thymus transplantation leading to the restoration of BB t cell proliferative CF can also significantly reduce the incidence of insulitis and prevent the development of diabetes it appears that a defect in the bone marrowderived thymic apc population contributes to an abnormal maturation of biobreeding t lymphocytes which in turn predisposes animals to insulitis and diabetic disease | MEDAL |
a standard projection for temporomandibular joint radiographs in oblique lateral transcranial projection was determined by a clinical method the individualized projections from tmj radiographs made with a fluoroscopic examination unit with image intensifier were evaluated in a pilot study a mean projection degree cranial eccentric and degree dorsal eccentric resulted reference pl the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of superselective CBF angiographies performed with a telescopic catheter system and consecutive embolizations are described in pathologic lesions in the vascular area of the human external i.c. in patients VMs angiomas fistulas and V1 tumors angiofibromas as well as other PT glomus PT meningeomas were demonstrated by angiographies of distal external carotid branches in further patients there were normal angiographic findings it is shown by examples that superselective cerebral angiographies fulfill microangiographic properties pathological findings of VMs and tumors were demonstrated which could not have been shown with other examination techniques besides the improved and more detailed diagnostic information these superselective angiographies of external carotid branches enabled successful embolizations of pathologic lesions by gelfoaminjections or selective occlusions of branches FF angiomas or PT by silicone polymerization these embolizations were not done in patients with arteriovenous fistulas the clinical application limitations and further development of cerebral embolization techniques are discussed | MEDAL |
to date every published T0 of the antisaccade task has replicated the finding that schizophrenia patients make an increased number of errors this finding has been interpreted as support for frontal andor BG dysfunction in schizophrenia primarily because neurological patients with pathology in these brain regions also make C1 numbers of errors on the antisaccade task here we compared the performance of schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric controls on an antisaccade task and on two NP tests the wisconsin card sorting test which is assumed to tap FL SF-36 and the interference condition of the stroop test which is thought to tap dorsolateral prefrontal cortexanterior cingulate functioning we examined the pattern of intercorrelations among these tasks schizophrenia patients made significantly more PE on the antisaccade task made more perseverative PE and achieved fewer categories on the wisconsin card sorting test and were significantly slower during the interference condition of the stroop test than were nonpsychiatric controls antisaccadef e faecalis contributed significantly to its overall antimicrobial impact on s aureus this contribution was enhanced or improved compared to the activity of each antimicrobial CT further research is warranted to determine the impact of polymicrobial infections on antimicrobial activity | MEDAL |
qualitative and QPCR pcr methods have been developed for the PCD of genetically modified gm potatoes the combination of TPS primers for amplification of the promoter region of crya gene potato leafroll virus replicase gene and potato virus y CP allows to identify each L1 of newleaf newleaf y and newleaf plus gm potatoes multiplex pcr method was also established for the simple and rapid detection of the three lines of gm potato in a mixture sample for further quantitative PCD the RT pcr method has been developed this method features the use of a standard plasmid as a REF molecule standard plasmid contains both a TPS region of the transgene crya and an endogenous udpglucose pyrophosphorylase gene of the potato the test samples containing and gm potatoes were quantified by this method at the level of each L1 of gm potato the relative standard deviations ranged from to this result shows that the above pcr methods are applicable to detect gm potatoes quantitatively as well as qualitatively | MEDAL |
the OS polymerase chain reaction onestep pcr PCD CA is an innovative pcr detection method eliminating nucleic acid SE steps in which samples can be directly added to pcr reagents for testing for simultaneous detection of cdv and ccov a CS and TPS onestep duplex pcr OS dpcr CA was developed with two pairs of primers that were designed based on h and m gene sequences of cdv and ccov respectively the onestep dpcr with optimized PCD conditions has high specificity and sensitivity independent sequencing assays further verified these results | MEDAL |
ASF virus is an icosahedral doublestanded dna virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of porcine THP-1 progeny virus particles like poxviruses and iridoviruses are assembled in cytoplasmic inclusions termed virus factories the formation of these structures in susceptible cells INF in vitro with pathogenic and attenuated asfv isolates has been studied by semiquantitative and qualitative electron microscopy recognizable virus factory elements were detected by b hr postinfection hpi and increased significantly in profile area between and hpi the number of virus particles associated with the virus factories also increased significantly between and hpi these included particles with full and without empty a nucleoprotein core similar results were obtained for both pathogenic malawi and att uganda virus isolates but the replication of pathogenic virus in the macrophage was more efficient than that of the attenuated virus in a porcine kidney cell L1 where a relatively higher percentage of defective empty particles were observed analysis of virus factory formation was also done directly on lung and CL tissue from a pig infected with the highly pathogenic malawi virus isolate the in vivo data for virus factory area and particle number in both pulmonary intravascular macrophages and CL KCs at day postinfection were similar to those observed in vitro as expected using postembedding immunoelectron microscopy dna both cellular and viral was detected in the cell nucleus cytoplasmic virus and mature ECV more interestingly dna was absent in the cytoplasm but readily observed in virus factories this dna which we presume to be viral was found in close association with membranelike material and empty particles suggesting that the virus dna may enter a partially formed capsid which is then sealed in order to develope into a fully assembled particle according to this hypothesis asfv morphogenesis involves the initial formation of empty particles within the virus factory the adjacently formed nucleoprotein material is then inserted into the empty particles as has been described for poxviruses these particles then mature in to the full particles and leave the virus factory as a prelude to PR from the cell by budding | MEDAL |
SE to nmethyldaspartate nmda IL-1ra has been demonstrated to induce neurodegeneration in P0 rats however in clinical practice the use of nmda IL-1ra as anesthetics and sedatives cannot always be avoided the present T0 investigated the effect of the indirect ACh agonist physostigmine on neurotrophin expression and the EM during nmda receptor antagonist induced injury to the immature rat brain the aim was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase mmp activity as well as expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase timp and brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf T3 coadministration of the MK-801 nmda receptor antagonist mk dizocilpine and the acetylcholinesterase ache inhibitor physostigmine the ache inhibitor physostigmine ameliorated the mkinduced reduction of bdnf mrna and protein levels reduced mktriggered mmp activity and prevented decreased timp mrna expression our results indicate that ache inhibition may prevent newborn rats from mkmediated BB damage by enhancing neurotrophinassociated signaling pathways and by modulating the extracellular matrix | MEDAL |
neurotensin nt has been reported to have antinociceptive effects at the spinal level in situ hybridization EP immunohistochemistry and EM were used to investigate the distribution of nt receptors possible effects of nt on primary sensory SN and the effect of nerve injury on the expression of nt receptors and nt nt receptor r mrna was observed in more than of the small dorsal root ganglion drg neurons which lacked neuropeptide y npyr mrna and essentially other NPY mrnas intracellular recording using voltageclamp mode showed that nt evokes an outward current in npyinsensitive small neurons and npy an outward current in ntinsensitive small SN both MMP lacked effect on several small drg neurons in the SF dorsal horn nt immunoreactive ir terminals directly contacted primary afferent terminals without synaptic specializations this new category of the small drg SN expressing ntr mrna was cDNA to the around of small neurons expressing npyr mrna and also substance p and CGRP-LI mrnas and to the rest exhibiting somatostatin mrna expression the EP results support this classification showing that nt and npy have inhibitory effects on separate subpopulations of small drg neurons T3 sciatic nerve transection a marked decrease was observed in the number of ntr mrnapositive neurons in drgs nt mrnapositive SN in the DH and ntir cell HB and SF in laminae iii thus axotomy causes downregulation of several nt systems at the spinal level suggesting that the possible effects of nt on primary sensory neurons is attenuated T3 IP axotomy | MEDAL |
devastating paralysis AD and abnormal cardiovascular control present significant hemodynamic challenges to individuals with spinal cord injury sci especially during exercise in GA resting arterial pressure after sci is lower than with AB individuals and is commonly associated with persistent OI along with transient episodes of lifethreatening hypertension known as autonomic dysreflexia during exercise the loss of CE and reflexive cardiovascular control attenuates maximal HR rate and impairs blood pressure regulation and blood redistribution which ultimately reduces A-V return stroke volume and cardiac SO thermoregulation also is severely compromised in highlesion sci a problem that is compounded when competing in hot and humid conditions there is some evidence that enhancing A-V return via lower body positive pressure or ABD IB improves exercise performance as do cooling strategies athletes with sci also have been documented to selfinduce autonomic dysreflexia before competition with a view of increasing blood pressure and improving their performance a technique known as boosting for health safety reasons boosting is officially banned by the international paralympics committee this article addresses the complex issue of how the autonomic NS affects sports performance in athletes with sci with a specific focus on the potential debilitating effects of deranged cardiovascular control | MEDAL |
NK products with medicinal value are gradually gaining importance in clinical research due to their wellknown property of no side effects as compared to drugs tinospora cordifolia guduchi has been used for centuries in ayurvedic system of medicine for treating various ailments including cancer in present study we found that the tinospora cordifolia extracts tce induced inhibition of proliferation of kb cells was associated with arrest of ggphase of cell cycle the effectiveness of tce in checking the growth of kb cells without altering the growth of normal IP blood mononuclear cells pbmc indicates that TC has differential effect on normal and malignant cells hence it may have therapeutic potential in cancer | MEDAL |
polyphenols from diverse sources have shown antiinflammatory activity in the context of atherosclerosis macrophages play important roles including matrix metalloproteinases synthesis involved in Kd of matrix extracellular components affecting the atherosclerotic PI stability we prepared a propolis extract and pinocembrin in ethanol solution propolis extract was chemically characterized using lcms the effect of treatments on mRNA and proteolytic activity was measured in vitro using murine macrophages G1 with lps cellular toxicity associated with both treatments and the VH was determined using mtt and apoptosisnecrosis PCD assays mmp mRNA and proteolytic activity were measured using qpcr and zymography respectively thirtytwo compounds were identified in the propolis extract including pinocembrin among its L1 components treatment with either ethanolic extract of propolis or pinocembrin inhibits mmp gene expression in a dosedependent manner similarly an inhibitory effect was observed in proteolytic activity however the effect showed by ethanolic extract of propolis was higher than the effect of pinocembrin suggesting that mmp inhibition results from a joint contribution between the components of the extract these data suggest a potential role of polyphenols from chilean propolis in the control of EM Kd in atherosclerotic plaques | MEDAL |
xlinked lymphoproliferative syndrome xlp also known as duncans disease is characterised by an extreme sensitivity to epstein barr virus ebv resulting in a complex phenotype manifested by severe or fatal mononucleosis acquired hyogammaglobulinemia and malignant lymphoma the gene responsible for xlp has recently been identified by a positional cloning and a functional cloning approach and encodes a small cytoplasmic protein involved in ST of t and nk cells the ID of the xlp gene will permit direct diagnosis of xlp in families with a single affected male recent progress in immunobiology and genetics of this primary MAIDS are presented | MEDAL |
the pedunculopontine nucleus ppn has recently been introduced as a new therapeutic target for deep brain stimulation dbs in patients suffering from parkinsons disease pd in a recent case report it was demonstrated that alpha frequency oscillations appear in ppn after the administration of levodopa in pd indicating a possible physiological role of these oscillations here we confirm this result and investigate the functional connectivity and reactivity of subcortical alpha activity by recording lfp activity from the ppn area and eeg in six patients with pd while at rest and in four of them while they performed ipsi and CL selfpaced joystick movements LD strongly promoted hz oscillatory synchronization in the region of ppn and coupling of this activity with similar activity in the cortical eeg such coupling was bidirectional moreover the hz oscillatory synchronization in the ppn area increased about s prior to selfpaced movements but only following levodopa treatment these findings suggest that alpha oscillations in the ppn area may represent a physiological DP of activity the subcortical oscillations are coupled to cortical alpha activity and possibly allied to motor related attentional processes | MEDAL |
the loss of RT suppressor gene tsg function is a critical step in the pathogenesis of human LC rbm rnabinding motif protein also named hluca gene from chromosome p demonstrated tumor suppressor activity however the role of rbm played in the occurrence and development of LC is still not well understood | MEDAL |
the volatile flavour compounds of two commercial irish beef meats labelled as conventional and organic were evaluated by gas chromatographyolfactometry and were identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry the volatile EDC were isolated in a MM mouth system gas chromatographyolfactometry was performed by a group of eight assessors using the PCD frequency methodology the odours of the detected EDC were described as well eightyone volatile compounds were identified compounds of which possessed odour activity in the first beef sample and of which in the second meat sample ten volatile flavour compounds were common to both methanethiol dimethyl sulphide butanone ethyl acetate and methylbutanal an unknown compound octanone decanal and benzothiazole two unknown EDC were only detected in the first sample while pentanedione methylpentenone heptanone dimethyl trisulphide and nonanal were only perceived in the second beef significant differences in terms of detection frequency odour characteristics and in nature of the volatile flavour EDC were emphasised between the two samples | MEDAL |
in this T0 we explore fos expression a measure of cell activity in three nuclei associated with locomotion namely the zona incerta pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and cuneiform nucleus the latter two form the mesencephalic locomotor region in hemiparkinsonian rats SDRs had small volumes of either saline control or hydroxydopamine ohda injected into the medial forebrain bundle the L1 tract carrying DA nigrostriatal axons after various postlesion survival periods ranging from h to days rats were perfused with formaldehyde and their brains processed for routine IMT hydroxylase and fos immunocytochemistry our results showed a significant increase p in the number of strongly labelled fos cells in the cuneiform nucleus in the ohdalesioned cases compared to the controls after and days survival periods by contrast there were no significant differences p in the number of stronglabelled fos cells in the zona incerta and pedunculopontine nucleus of ohdalesioned rats compared to controls at any survival period many of the fos cells within the pedunculopontine and cuneiform nuclei were glutamatergic while none or very few were nitric oxide synthase in conclusion we reveal an increase in the number of strongly labelled fos cells within the cuneiform nucleus of the socalled defensive locomotive system in ohdalesioned rats in relation to parkinson disease we suggest that this increase is associated with the akinesia or lack of movement seen in patients | MEDAL |
the clinical features treatment and twoyear postoperative course of a yearold boy with unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal lobe are presented a literature review of unifocal eosinophilic granuloma of the brain revealed additional cases of which involved the hypothalamus and each the FC and temporal lobes four of the patients with involvement of the hypothalamus developed multifocal disease whereas none of the who had FC or temporal lobe involvement developed multifocal lesions ERP therapy for eosinophilic granuloma in a single resectable site in the BB appears to be total excision lowdose radiation has been used to eradicate locally recurrent disease | MEDAL |
prevention of RTIs is only possible when the pathogenesis is known three types of infection can be distinguished primary endogenous infections caused by pathogens carried in the throat at the commencement of mechanical ventilation generally develop early and can only be prevented by intravenous antibiotics AA endogeneous infections caused by hospitalacquired pathogens generally develop later and can be prevented by selective decontamination of the digestive tract sdd the gitract is decontaminated by oral nonabsorbable antibiotics and for oropharyngeal decontamination a sticky antibiotic ointment is used to date controlled sdd trials in intensive care have been fully published in all except one T0 the pneumonia rate decreased significantly from in controls to about in sddtreated patients all studies showed a consistent reduction of ventilator days icustay and an improved outcome in sddtreated patients however in only few studies did these differences reach statistical significance selection of resistant strains has not been observed during prolonged use of sdd sucralfate reduces the pneumonia rate compared to hblockers or antacids by not interfering with the gastric barrier however gastric colonization is reduced rather than eliminated and sucralfate has almost no effect on oropharyngeal or tracheal colonization whether sucralfate is significantly better than a placebo remains to be established sdd is superior to sucralfate in preventing both colonization and infection | MEDAL |
the nuclear pore complex npc is an enormous proteinaceous complex composed of multiple copies of about different proteins called nucleoporins in this study we analyzed the composition of the npc in the model organism schizosaccharomyces pombe using strains in which individual nucleoporins were tagged with gfp we identified proteins as nucleoporins by their localization to the nuclear periphery gene disruption analysis in previous studies coupled with gene disruption analysis in the present T0 indicates that of these nucleoporins are essential for vegetative cell growth and the other nucleoporins are nonessential among the nonessential nucleoporins are required for normal progression through meiosis and their disruption caused abnormal spore formation or poor spore viability based on fluorescence measurements of gfpfused nucleoporins we estimated the composition of the npc in s pombe and found that the organization of the s pombe npc is largely similar to that of other organisms a single npc was estimated as being mda in size we also used fluorescence measurements of single npcs and quantitative western blotting SP pet dogs were present in district and district in tbilisi compared to of pet dogs in kutaisi the percentage of seropositive stray dogs was also twice as high in tbilisi n than in kutaisi n only wild animals screened were SP a total of phlebotomine sand flies were collected with different species identified in tbilisi and species in kutaisi of the females were positive for leishmania parasites the leishmanin skin test lst was performed on human subjects in vl foci in urban areas in tbilisi and kutaisi a particularly high prevalence of lst positives was observed in tbilisi district and for ages and respectively lower prevalence was observed in kutaisi and respectively p this study shows that tbilisi is an AS focus for leishmaniasis and that the infection prevalence is very high in dogs and in humans although exposure is as yet not as high in kutaisi this is a new vl focus the overall situation in the country is alarming and new control measures are urgently needed | MEDAL |
twenty orthodontic archwires with ni and ti weight were subjected to a dipping treatment to coat the niti surface by a PA polymer it has been selected a polyamide due to its remarkable long lasting performance the transformation temperatures as well as the transformation stresses of the niti alloy were determined in order to know whether the coating process can alter its properties the adhesive wear tests have been demonstrated that the wear rates as well as the dynamic friction coefficients μ of polymer coated wires are much lower than metallic wires the corrosion studies have shown that the use of this CP as coating seals the niti surface to prevent corrosion and the PR of Ni ions the average decrease of ni ions PR due to this coating is around | MEDAL |
pi class gsts GSTs are a member of the vertebrate gst family of proteins that catalyse the conjugation of gsh to electrophilic compounds the expression of pi class gst genes can be induced by SE to electrophiles we demonstrated previously that the transcription factor nrf nfe prelated factor mediates this induction not only in mammals but also in fish in the present T0 we have isolated the genomic region of zebrafish containing the genes gstp and gstp the RII regions of zebrafish gstp and gstp have been examined by gfp green FL proteinreporter gene analyses using microinjection into zebrafish embryos deletion and pointmutation analyses of the gstp promoter showed that an are antioxidantresponsive elementlike sequence is located bp UP of the transcription initiation site which is essential for nrf transactivation using emsa electrophoretic mobilityshift assay analysis we showed that zebrafish nrf mafk heterodimer specifically bound to this sequence all the vertebrate pi class gst genes harbour a similar arelike sequence in their promoter regions we propose that this CS is a conserved target site for nrf in the pi class gst genes | MEDAL |
wound healing is a dynamic interactive process that involves a sequence of molecular and cellular events recent advances in cellular and molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of the biological process involved in wound repair and tissue regeneration from plasma extravasation with coagulation and PLT aggregation to reepithelialization and remodeling of injured tissue the organism acts by trying to restore functionality tissue thus the present study encompasses several cellular aspects involved in the wound healing process as well as the main drugs used in treating the pathology related to wound healing complications economic aspects are also addressed mainly related to chronic wounds of diabetic feet | MEDAL |
the management of diabetic macular edema dme has been revolutionized in recent years focal and focal grid laser photocoagulation have been the mainstay of treatment for dme for much time however nowadays there is growing evidence that intravitreal vegfinhibitors combined or not with laser photocoagulation provide better visual outcome in patients with DR hence antivegf injections are considered the new gold standard to treat DME and eyes with a reduced visual function further studies assessing different treatment regimens are underway to define better clinical care pathways | MEDAL |
the thrombinproteinaseactivated receptors pars have been shown to regulate smooth muscle cell proliferation migration and vascular maturation thrombin upregulates expression of several proteins including cyclooxygenase cox in V1 smooth muscle cells vsmcs and contributes to V1 diseases however the mechanisms underlying thrombinregulated cox expression in vsmcs remain unclear WB rtpcr and eia kit analyses showed that thrombin induced the expression of cox mrna and protein and pge PR in a timedependent manner which was attenuated by inhibitors of pkc gfx and rottlerin csrc pp egf receptor egfr ag and mek u or transfection with dominant negative mutants of pkcdelta csrc or extracellular regulated kinase erk and erk short hairpin rna interference shrna these results suggest that TA of egfr participates in cox expression induced by thrombin in vsmcs accordingly thrombin stimulated phosphorylation of erk which was att by gfx rottlerin pp gm crm ag or u respectively furthermore this upregulation of cox mrna and protein was blocked by selective inhibitors of ap and nfkappab curcumin and helenalin respectively moreover thrombinstimulated activation of nfkappab ap and cox promoter activity was blocked by the inhibitors of csrc pkc egfr mek ap and nfkappab suggesting that thrombin induces cox promoter activity mediated through pkcdeltacsrcdependent egfr transactivation mekerk ap and nfkappab these results demonstrate that in vsmcs activation of erk ap and nfkappab pathways was essential for thrombininduced cox gene expression understanding the regulation of cox expression and pge PR by thrombinpars system on vsmcs may provide potential therapeutic targets of vascular inflammatory disorders including arteriosclerosis | MEDAL |
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