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[
[
"Irfan Mehraj"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Irfan Mehraj''' is an Indian journalist and Human rights activist from Kashmir.",
"He works with Deutsche Welle and also writes for various publications like The Indian Express, TRT World, The Wire, The Caravan, Himal Southasian and NewArab.",
"Irfan has specially written about the challenges facing the Muslim community in Kashmir.",
"He was the Editor of Two Circles and the founding editor of Wande Magazine."
],
[
"Early life",
"Meraj was born at Kashmir, India.",
"Mehraj successfully obtained his master's degree in mass communication and journalism from the esteemed University of Kashmir."
],
[
"Detention",
"On March 20, 2023, He was apprehended by the National Investigation Agency in Srinagar after being summoned for questioning.",
"The NIA alleged that Mehraj was affiliated with the Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society, a human rights organization renowned for documenting instances of human rights violations perpetrated by authorities in Kashmir, a region predominantly inhabited by Muslims.",
"In connection with the same case, the NIA had previously detained Khurram Parvez, human rights activist and leader of JKCCS, on charges of financing terrorist activities."
],
[
"Condemnations",
"Many organizations and political leaders had condemned the Indian government on Irfan's arrest.",
"Amnesty International had requested the Indian authorities to immediately release Irfan.Mehbooba Mufti the leader of the PDP, has also voiced her disapproval of Mehraj's arrest.",
"In a Facebook post, PDP president Mehbooba Mufti criticized the arrest, stating that in Kashmir, criminals are allowed to roam freely while journalists like Irfan Mehraj, who are simply doing their duty by speaking the truth, are unjustly detained.",
"The Press Club of India (PCI) also condemned Mehraj's arrest, emphasizing their strong opposition to the imposition of UAPA on media personnel.",
"They expressed concern over the NIA's sudden arrest of Irfan Mehraj under the UAPA law, viewing it as a clear indication of the law's misuse to suppress freedom of speech and expression.",
"The PCI demanded his immediate release."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Irfan Mehraj on United States Commission on International Religious Freedom"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Manieri"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Manieri''' is an Italian surname which is the plural and patronymic form of ''Mainiero''.",
"Notable people with the surname include:*Carlo Manieri (fl 1662–1700), Italian painter*Maria Rosaria Manieri (born 1943), Italian academic and politician*Raffaella Manieri (born 1986), Italian football player"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Upper Austria Ladies Linz – Doubles"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Sara Errani and Jasmine Paolini won the doubles title at the 2024 Upper Austria Ladies Linz, defeating Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 10–7.Natela Dzalamidze and Viktória Hrunčáková were the reigning champions, but Dzalamidze chose to compete in Hua Hin instead.",
"Hrunčáková partnered Alexandra Panova, but lost in the first round to Ulrikke Eikeri and Tereza Mihalíková."
],
[
"Seeds"
],
[
"Draw",
"===Draw==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Main draw"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Sakhi (2023 film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Sakhi''''' is an 2023 Indian Telugu-language feature film.",
"It is directed and written by Johnny Basha and produced by Pardhu Reddy under One Media Et Private Liomited.",
"Lokesh Muthumula And Deepika vemireddy are in lead roles.The film was theatrically released on 15 December 2023."
],
[
"Plot",
"In ''Sakhi'', Tej and Priya's blissful marriage takes a tragic turn after a car accident erases Priya's memories.",
"Tej, determined to rebuild their love, faces scrutiny from Priya's parents.",
"This situation challenges Priya to decide between embracing the past or forging a new beginning, in a love story that defies all odds."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Lokesh Muthumula* Deepika Vemireddy* Sudhakar Reddy* Jithin Aditya* Pallavi Aher* Harsha Althi* Sandeepa Pasupuleti* Sahithi Chilla* Jyothi Swaroop"
],
[
"Soundtrack"
],
[
"Reception",
"A critic from Moviezupp wrote that \" Pardhu Reddy’s production elevates the movie, Sakhi is an emotional rollercoaster of Priya and Tej’s love story\" and Rated 3 out of 5.Social News wrote that \"Sakhi\" is a cinematic journey that blends romance, drama, and suspense, leaving a lasting impression on those who appreciate intricate storytelling and nuanced performances, Rated 3 out of 5."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * Sakhi at Book My Show"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Frederike van Uildriks"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Frederica Johanna \"Frederike\" van Uildriks''' (31 May 1854, in Groningen – 12 July 1919, in Gorssel) was a Dutch educator and botanist, best known for her book ''Plantenschat'' (1898) written with Vitus Bruinsma describing 160 plants native to the Netherlands."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Fageda d'en Jordà"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Fageda d'en JordàLa Fageda d'en Jordà in Autum.The '''fageda d'en Jordà''' - in Spanish: the Jordà beech forest - is a natural reserve that includes a beech forest with unique characteristics in Spain, as it grows on relatively flat terrain, formed by a cooled lava flow from the volcano del Croscat, at an altitude that is not common in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula for this type of forest, between 550 and 650 m. It has an area of about 4.8 km2 and its floor is made up of lava prominences that can reach more than 20 m in height, which are locally called tossols.One of the tossols we can visita in the Hayedo de Jordá, Garrotxa.The beech forest is famous because the Catalan poet Joan Maragall wrote a well-known poem in its honor (\"La fageda d'en Jordà\").",
"At the main entrance to the beech forest, at kilometer 4 of the road from Olot to Santa Pau, where the Can Serra car park is located, there is a monolith in his honour.",
"The use of motor vehicles is prohibited within the forest, however, there are several walking routes and you can rent a horse or an old horse-drawn carriage at kilometer 7 of the road from Olot to Santa Pau."
],
[
"Location",
"La fageda d'en Jordà is located in the La Garrotxa region, about 5.5 km from Olot.",
"It occupies part of the municipalities of Santa Pau, Olot and Las Presas and is part of the Garrocha Volcanic Zone natural park.",
"The beech forest is surrounded by several of the 21 volcanoes in the Garrocha region.",
"At one end of the forest is the Can Jordà farmhouse, which gives it its name, and which today is a Cultivated Plant Conservation Center.",
"Its objective is the cultivation of fruit tree species close to extinction and varieties of plants that have gone into decline, such as some varieties of buckwheat.",
"Within the forest is the La Fageda cooperative, dedicated to the production of dairy products and which employs mentally handicapped people."
],
[
"Climate and vegetation",
"The Jordà fageda is made up almost entirely of medium and large beech trees on land that has not been plowed for many years, although you can still see the old paths of old agricultural and forestry farms.",
"The beech (Fagus sylvatica) benefits from a generous climate, abundant in rain (900 to 1000 mm), cool, with a Mediterranean transition from humid mountain to Atlantic, facing slightly north, with a substrate of relatively recent reddish clays, andosols and other brown soils in which these trees grow easily."
],
[
"References",
"*Information Center of the natural park of the La Garrocha Volcanic Zone.",
"Tel.",
": (0034)972 266 012.The fageda d'en JordàOfficial site of the La Garrocha Volcanic Zone 100 Bosques: 59.LA GARROTXA ( FAGEDA D,EN JORDÀ )Orientation maps in La Fageda d’en Jordà*\"He mirat aquesta terra.",
"Xarxa de Parcs Naturals de la Diputació de Barcelona.",
"Primera edició.",
"2002.283 pp.\"",
"Book in catalán.",
"."
],
[
"External links",
"*Data: Q720752 Multimedia: Fageda d'en Jordà / Q720752"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Seeking Mavis Beacon"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Seeking Mavis Beacon''''' is a 2024 documentary film directed by Jazmin Jones, which premiered at the 2024 Sundance film festival.",
"The film is distributed by Neon and is the director's directorial debut."
],
[
"Plot",
"The film follows investigators Jazmin Jones (Director) and Olivia McKayla Ross (Associate Producer) on their search to find Renée L'Esperance, the Haitian model for ''Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing,'' a software program developed in the 1980s."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Jazmin Renée Jones* Olivia McKayla Ross"
],
[
"Production",
"''Seeking Mavis Beacon'' was produced by Neon and Guetty Felin, who founded the company BelleMoon Productions.",
"The film was also co-produced by Olivia McKayla Ross.The film premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in the NEXT category."
],
[
"Reception",
"Initial reception was generally positive.",
"Murtada Elfadl from Variety wrote the documentary was \"format defying... affecting and haunting\", noted that it explores \"a range of philosophical and sociological considerations, from the notion of 'coded bias' to how they personally use technology to communicate and find community.\""
],
[
"Gallery",
"File:Sundance Film Festival 2024 - Seeking Mavis Beacon - Jazmin Renée Jones-104A2172.jpg|Jazmin Renée JonesFile:Sundance Film Festival 2024 - Seeking Mavis Beacon - Olivia McKayla Ross-104A2191.jpg|Olivia McKayla RossFile:Sundance Film Festival 2024 - Seeking Mavis Beacon - Guetty Felin-104A2142.jpg|Guetty FelinFile:Sundance Film Festival 2024 - Seeking Mavis Beacon - Joakim Cohen-104A2202.jpg|Joakim CohenFile:Sundance Film Festival 2024 - Seeking Mavis Beacon - Yeelen Cohen-104A2151.jpg|Yeelen Cohen"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* IMDb page* Official website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Route"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The Route''' may refer to:* The Route (film), a Ugandan film* The Route (TV series), a Spanish television series* Route, County Antrim a medieval territory in Gaelic Ireland"
],
[
"See also",
"* Route (disambiguation)"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Sadalga Assembly constituency"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sadalga''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Karnataka state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct.",
"It was part of Chikkodi Lok Sabha seat."
],
[
"Members of Assembly",
"=== Mysore State ===YearMemberParty1957Khot Balaji Govind1962Shidagouda Shivagouda Patil19671972A J Sripal=== Karnataka state ===YearMemberParty1978Bedage Anna Balaji1983 Nimbalkar Ajitsingh Appasaheb1985Magennavar Kallappa Parisa1989Patil Veerkumar Appasaheb1994Prakash Hukkeri199920042008 onwards: ''Seat does not exist.",
"See Chikkodi-Sadalga''"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Stars of the Dark Well"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Stars of the Dark Well''''' is a open-ended, mixed-moderated play-by-mail (PBM) game that was published by Mindgate."
],
[
"History and development",
"''Stars of the Dark Well'' was a PBM space opera published by Mindgate.",
"After multiple years of playtesting, the game launched in 1984.By 1988, the game had about 150 players.",
"The game was mixed-moderated—hand-moderated with computer augmentation.",
"Reviewer Terry Weatherby compared the game to ''Beyond the Stellar Empire''."
],
[
"Gameplay",
"The game was set in the year 2480 in an area called the \"Second Dominium\" by a black hole called \"The Dark Well\".",
"Players could join government groups such as the Frontier Guard or private groups such as Delta Force, Forth wing, Merchant's Guild, and others.",
"Various alien races were also available to roleplay.",
"37 actions were available, including \"Move, Jump, Orbit, Dock, Buy, Sell, and Transfer\".",
"In 1988, Mindgate announced an ongoing expansion of the available playing field based on demand and a rules update.",
"After the expansion, there were 400 available star systems and 2,000 planets."
],
[
"Reception",
"Terry Weatherby reviewed the game in two 1988 issues of Flagship.",
"He stated that the game \"provides, even with its occasional faults and inconsistencies, a good background and simple game system for those seeking to roam the stars at a reasonable, competitive cost.",
"I've enjoyed the game very much and I'm sure others would enjoy it, too\".",
"In the July–August 1993 issue of Paper Mayhem, the game was rated 36 of 81 PBM games with a rating of 6.482 of 9 points.==See also== * List of play-by-mail games"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* * * * *"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Costus pulverulentus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Costus pulverulentus''''', the '''red cigar''' or '''spiral ginger''' (a name it shares with other members of its family), is a species of flowering plant in the family Costaceae.",
"It is native to Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, and it has been introduced to Cuba.",
"A rhizomatous perennial reaching , it is typically found in wet tropical areas.",
"It is used as an ornamental, and there are cultivars, including 'Serena', 'Pink Lips', and 'Purple Passion'."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Vitus Bruinsma"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vitus Jacobus Bruinsma''' (10 November 1850, in Leeuwarden – 28 August 1916, in Rotterdam) was a Dutch natural scientist and politician from Frisia, best remembered for founding the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij in 1881 with his brother."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Luke Barker (American football)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Luke Barker''' (born ) is an American college football coach.",
"He is the head football coach for Fairmont State University, a position he has held since 2024.He also coached for Charleston (WV), West Virginia Wesleyan, and IUP.",
"He played college football for Charleston (WV)."
],
[
"Head coaching record"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Charleston (WV) profile* IUP profile"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Donal O'Grady (Clare hurler)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Donal O'Grady''' (23 November 1927 – 20 January 2024) was an Irish hurler.",
"At club level he played with Tubber and Faughs and was also a member of the Clare senior hurling team."
],
[
"Career",
"O'Grady first appeared on the inter-county scene for Clare as a member of the minor team in 1945.After a period away from the game, he returned to inter-county activity in 1948.O'Grady won a Munster JHC medal a year later, however, Clare subsequently suffered a 3–07 to 3–06 defeat by London in the 1949 All-Ireland junior final.O'Grady immediately progressed onto the senior team and won an Oireachtas Cup medal in 1954.He lined out in the 1955 Munster final defeat by Limerick.",
"O'Grady also earned selection to the Munster team and won Railway Cup medals in 1953 and 1955.His career with Clare ended in 1956 when he moved to Dublin, however, he continued his club hurling with Faughs."
],
[
"Coaching career",
"O'Grady was appointed a selector to the Clare senior hurling team in July 1989."
],
[
"Personal life and death",
"O'Grady was born in Tubber, County Clare in November 1927.He joined the Royal Air Force at the age of 18 and spent three years in England and Germany.",
"O'Grady emigrated to Luton and worked as a stores manager with General Motors in the late 1950s.",
"He later returned to Clare and worked in O'Connor Engineering as office manager.",
"O'Grady's nephews, Enda and Patrick O'Connor, were part of Clare's National Hurling League-winning teams in 1977 and 1978.His grandnephew, Patrick O'Connor, won an All-Ireland SHC medal with Clare in 2013.O'Grady died on 20 January 2024, at the age of 96."
],
[
"Honours",
"; Clare* Oireachtas Cup: 1954* Munster Junior Hurling Championship: 1949;Munster* Railway Cup: 1953, 1955"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Rezaul Karim Liton"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rezaul Karim Liton''' (; born 11 December 1980) is a retired Bangladeshi professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder."
],
[
"Club career",
"Liton joined his hometown club Narayanganj Suktara Sangsad after the club secured a place in the 2009–10 Bangladesh League.",
"He initially coached the club to promotion during their Bashundhara Champions Club Cup triumph in 2009, in the absence of head coach, Riaz Biswas.He was appointed captain of the team and finished the season as the club's top scorer with six goals, as the Narayanganj-based outfit were relegated in their inaugural season in the country's top-flight."
],
[
"International career",
"Liton captained the Bangladesh U16 team during the 1996 AFC U-16 Championship qualifiers in Nagoya, Japan.",
"Under Iraqi coach Samir Shaker, Liton was a member of the Bangladesh national team which won gold at the 1999 South Asian Games.",
"He also participated in the 2002 Asian Games held in South Korea."
],
[
"Honours",
"===Player==='''Abahani Limited Dhaka'''*Federation Cup: 1997'''Muktijoddha Sangsad KC'''*Dhaka Premier Division League: 2000'''Brothers Union'''*Dhaka Premier Division League: 2003–04, 2005*Federation Cup: 2005*Bordoloi Trophy: 2004'''Bangladesh'''* South Asian Games Gold medal: 1999'''Individual'''*2001 − Dhaka Premier Division League top scorer (joint)===Manager==='''Narayanganj Suktara Sangsad'''* Bashundhara Champions Club Cup: 2009"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Skënder Anamali"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Skënder Anamali''' (5 May 1921, Shkodër – 21 April 1996, Tirana) was one of the founders of Albanian archaeology.",
"He made significant contributions to the field of Illyrian studies."
],
[
"Biography",
"Skënder Anamali was born and raised in Shkodra.",
"After completing high school in his hometown, Anamali continued his studies at the Faculty of Literature and Philosophy at the University of Padua in Italy, gaining knowledge in the field of antiquity.",
"On returning to Albania after his studies, he began a career as an archaeologist at the Institute of Sciences in Tirana.Together with his colleague Hasan Ceka, he opened the first Archaeological museum in Tirana in 1948.Anamali became known for his excavations in the city of Amantia, Apollonia, Epidamnos (Durres), and many other places.",
"He focused on studying the culture of late antiquity and early medieval times in the Albanian territory.The results of these investigations appeared in over 70 articles and scientific studies, making Anamali a significant contributor to the field of archaeology and ancient history of Illyrians.",
"He was an author of the monograph on the Illyrian city of Amantia and a co-author of important works such as ''Illyrians and Illyria among ancient authors'' (1965) and ''The History of Albania,'' vol.",
"I (1959).",
"''Anamali contributed to the expansion of archaeological research to Mat and Stelush, to Lin and even to Kosovo, but first of all to Koman, where for the first time the existence of a cultural layer of the bridge from the Illyrians to the Arbers, a layer that also proved their typological continuity.",
"Today the Koman culture has become a reference point not only to date archaeological discoveries, but also to make comparisons of layers, cultures and civilizations, autochthonous and allochthonous.",
"During the archaeological expedition of 1960 in Kosovo, he explored the ruins of the castles of Verboci and Kosmaç in Drenica region.Anamali was active in international cooperaration, being a member of the International Association for Greek and Latin Epigraphy based in Paris.",
"He helped establish several archaeological museums."
],
[
"Publications",
"* ''Illyrians and Illyria among ancient authors (Ilirët dhe Iliria tek autorët antikë),'' coauthor, 1965* ''The History of Albania vol.",
"I (Historia e Shqipërisë) coathor,'' 1959* ''Mosaiques de l'Albanie, (with Stilian Adhami) 1974''* ''Archaeology and Agriculture (Arkeologjia dhe bujqësia)'' author, 1980 * ''Corpus des inscriptions latines d'Albanie,'' 2009* ''Historia e popullit shqiptar,'' 2002, 2008"
],
[
"See also",
"* History of Albania* List of museums in Albania"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Stefano De Marchi"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Stefano De Marchi''' (born 17 December 1962 in Candiana, Padua) is an Italian mathematician who works in numerical analysis and is a professor at the University of Padua.",
"He is managing editor of the open access journal Dolomites Research Notes on Approximation published by the Padua University Press, coordinator of the Constructive Approximation and Applications Research Group, coordinator of the Research Italian network on Approximation, and responsible for the Unione Matematica Italiana Thematic Group on \"Approximation Theory and Applications (A.T.A.",
")\".He deals with interpolation and approximation, including methods of approximation of functions (Method of radial basis functions (RBFs))."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Stefano De Marchi studied Bachelor's degree of Mathematics in 1981-1987, Master in Applied Mathematics in 1991 at the University of Padua, and received his doctorate in Computational Mathematics, Consorzio Nord-Orgientale, VI ciclo, University of Padua under Maria Morandi Cecchi and Larry Lee Schumaker supervisions (dissertation: ''Approssimazione e Interpolazione su \"Simplices\": Caratterizzazioni, Metodi ed Estensioni)''He habilitated in 2017 and became a Full Professor of Numerical Analysis at the Department of Mathematics “Tullio Levi-Civita”, University of Padua in 2022."
],
[
"Recognition",
"Stefano has made many important contributions to approximation theory such as Weakly Admissible Meshes, Barycentric rational interpolation, Stability issues and greedy algorithms in RBF theory, Rational RBF approximation, Medical image reconstruction, and Fake nodes.",
"He is one of the discoverers of the so called Padua points, which are the only set of quasi-optimal interpolation points explicitly known on the square, for polynomial interpolation of total degree.",
"Their name is due to the University of Padua, where they were originally discovered.",
"He is also author of the books: ′′Funzioni Splines Univariate″, ′′Appunti di Calcolo Numerico″, ′′Meshfree Approximation for Multi-Asset European and American Option Problems″ and the Lecture notes: ′′Four lectures on radial basis functions″ and '′Lectures on multivariate polynomial interpolation″."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Home page at University of Padua* Stefano De Marchi - Publications list* Stefano De Marchi - Curriculum Vitae* Stefano De Marchi publications indexed by Google Scholar* Stefano De Marchi - The Mathematics Genealogy Project* Padova Neuroscience Center* Dolomites Research Notes on Approximation Journal* Constructive Approximation and Applications Reseacrh Group* Research ITalian network on Approximation* Unione Matematica Italiana"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Chikkodi Assembly constituency"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Chikkodi''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Karnataka state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct.",
"It was part of Chikkodi Lok Sabha seat."
],
[
"Members of Assembly",
"=== Bombay State ===YearMemberParty1952Kothavale Shankar DadobaShreyakar Radhabai Maruti=== Mysore State ===YearNameParty1957Kothavale Shankar Rao1962Mallappa Virappa ShettiIndependent1967S.",
"B. Sidray 1972 Parashuram Hegde=== Karnataka state ===YearNameParty1978Parashuram Hegde1983 19851989Shrikant Bhimannavar1994Balasaheb Waddar1999Manohar Kattimanni2004Hakkyagol Dattu Yellappa2008 onwards: ''Seat does not exist.",
"See Chikkodi-Sadalga''"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Table Hill Gardens"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Table Hill Gardens''' is a village in Saint Paul, Antigua and Barbuda.",
"It had a population of 191 people in 2011."
],
[
"Geography",
"According to the Antigua and Barbuda Statistics Division, the village had a total area of 12.4 square kilometres."
],
[
"Demographics",
"According to the 2011 census, Table Hill Gardens was home to 191 people.",
"The population's ethnic makeup was as follows: 97.22% African, 1.67% other mixed, 0.56% Hispanic, and not specified (0.56%).",
"The country of birth makeup was: Antigua and Barbuda (91.11%), Dominica (1.11%), Jamaica (5.00%), Guyana (1.67%), St. Kitts and Nevis (0.56%), and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (0.56%).",
"The three largest religious groups were: Moravian (30.00%), Pentecostal (15.56%), Adventist (12.78%), in addition to 4.44% of the population being irreligious and 1.11% of the population being Rastafarian."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Muḥammad Rabadán"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Muḥammad Rabadán''' (fl.",
"c. 1600) was an Aragonese Morisco, noted for writing ''Discurso de la luz de Muhamad'' ('discourse of the light of Muḥammad'), the principal Spanish-language Muslim account of the lives of the Islamic prophets."
],
[
"''Discurso de la luz de Muhamad''",
"Rabadán's ''Discurso de la luz de Muhamad'' begins with a canto praising God as the creator of all; the second canto tells of Adam, Iblīs, Noah and Abraham.",
"Subsequent cantos recount the lives of all the Jewish prophets as far as Jesus (including Jesus himself), and Arab prophets as far as Muḥammad.",
"The life Muḥammad himself is told across five cantos, concluding with his death.",
"The work closes by listing the ninety-nine names of Allāh, explaining each in Spanish.",
"The text was a major influence on the understanding of Islam of the eighteenth-century English historian Joseph Morgan."
],
[
"Other works",
"Rabadán has been identified as the author of a sixteenth-century Spanish poem recounting a ''hajj'', \"Coplas del peregrino de Puey Monçón\".",
"Twenty-first-century scholarship regarded the attribution as unlikely, however."
],
[
"Editions",
"* '' The Poetry of Mohamed Rabadan of Arragon'', ed.",
"by H. E. J. Stanley (Brentford: Austin, 1867)."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ohio's 6th House of Representatives district"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ohio's 6th House of Representatives district''' is currently represented by Democrat Adam Miller.",
"It is located entirely within Franklin County and includes parts of Columbus, as well as parts of Franklin and Prairie Townships."
],
[
"List of members representing the district",
" Member Party Years GeneralAssembly Electoral historyDistrict established January 2, 1967.100px'''Walter L. White''' RepublicanJanuary 2, 1967 –December 31, 1972107th108th109thElected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Retired to run for state senator.100px'''Patrick Sweeney''' DemocraticJanuary 7, 1973 –December 31, 1982110th111th112th113th114thRedistricted from the 47th district and re-elected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Re-elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Redistricted to the 9th district.",
"'''Jeff Jacobs''' RepublicanJanuary 3, 1983 –December 31, 1986115th116thElected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Retired to run for Ohio State Treasurer.",
"'''Jim Petro''' RepublicanJanuary 5, 1987 –December 31, 1990117th118thElected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Retired to run for Ohio State Auditor.",
"'''Ed Kasputis''' RepublicanJanuary 7, 1991 –December 31, 1992119thElected in 1990.Redistricted to the 16th district.",
"'''Jon D. Myers''' RepublicanJanuary 4, 1993 –December 31, 2000120th121st122nd123rdRedistricted from the 78th district and re-elected in 1992.Re-elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Term-limited.100px'''Tim Schaffer''' RepublicanJanuary 1, 2001 –December 31, 2002124thElected in 2000.Redistricted to the 5th district.100px'''Bob Latta''' RepublicanJanuary 6, 2003 –December 13, 2007125th126th127thRedistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Resigned to become U.S. Representative.",
"''Vacant'' December 13, 2007 –January 9, 2008127th100px'''Randy Gardner''' RepublicanJanuary 9, 2008 –December 31, 2012127th128th129thAppointed to finish Latta's term.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Retired to run for state senator.",
"'''Marlene Anielski''' RepublicanJanuary 7, 2013 –December 31, 2018130th131st132ndRedistricted from the 17th district and re-elected in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Re-elected in 2016.Term-limted.",
"'''Phil Robinson''' DemocraticJanuary 7, 2019 –December 31, 2022133rd134thElected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Redistricted to the 19th district.",
"'''Adam Miller''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 2023 –present135thRedistricted from the 17th district and re-elected in 2022."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"James Light (director)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"1938 photograph of James Light by the Federal Theatre Project'''James Light''' (1894 – February 11, 1964) was an American theatre director, actor, and educator.",
"He is best remembered as a champion of the playwright Eugene O'Neill, and he directed many of his plays both on Broadway and in regional theaters.",
"He was a member of the Provincetown Players, and he succeeded George Cram Cook as director of that organization in 1922.During the Great Depression, he was director of the \"Philadelphia Black Unit\" of the Federal Theatre Project; an organization dedicated to fighting racial discrimination in hiring practices in the American theatre by producing plays with all-black casts.",
"He taught on the faculties of the Yale School of Drama and The New School for Social Research; serving as the dean of the drama school at the latter institution from 1939 to 1942."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1894, Light was the son of an English building contractor who was working on a project in Pittsburgh at the time of Light's birth.",
"He returned to England with his parents while still an infant and did not return to the United States until he was fourteen years old.",
"He graduated from Peabody High School where he befriended his classmate Kenneth Burke who later became a prominent literary theorist.Light began his college education at the Carnegie Institute of Technology in painting and architecture.",
"He ultimately abandoned his studies in art and transferred to Ohio State University (OSU) where he graduated with degrees in English literature and philosophy.",
"He was a swimmer on the OSU swim team, and also served as editor of the OSU magazine ''Sansculotte''.In 1917 Light graduated from OSU and moved to New York City after earning a scholarship to pursue graduate studies in philosophy at Columbia University.",
"He was later awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1929 which allowed him to pursue further studies in drama in Europe."
],
[
"Actor and director",
"Light's first apartment building in New York housed three members of the Provincetown Players, one of them Eugene O'Neill, and he met them on his first day in New York City while moving into the building.",
"These relationships led him to join the Provincetown Players as an actor; beginning with the role of the English teacher in Susan Glaspell's ''Close the Book''.",
"He went on to portray 33 more roles with the company, and was ultimately made a member of the executive committee managing the theatre troupe.",
"In 1922 he succeeded George Cram Cook as director of Provincetown Players, and along with O'Neill, Kenneth Macgowan, and Robert Edmond Jones was instrumental in transforming that group of creatives into the Experimental Theatre, Inc. in 1923.Light made his Broadway debut as an actor on February 4, 1921; portraying Captain Caleb Williams in the original production of O'Neill's ''Diff'rent'' at the Princess Theatre.",
"He starred in only one more play on Broadway, the role of Baron Skansenkorge in August Strindberg's ''The Spook Sonata'' (1923), before completely re-orienting his career away from acting into directing.",
"The first play he directed on Broadway was O'Neill's ''All God's Chillun Got Wings'' in 1924.The play featured an interracial couple with the black actor Paul Robeson in the role of Jim Harris opposite the white actress Mary Blair in the role of his wife Ella Downey.",
"The decision by O'Neill and Light to portray a racially mixed couple was controversial for the time period, and both men received threats from the Ku Klux Klan and poison pen letters.Light's other Broadway credits as director include Hatcher Hughes's ''Ruint'' (1925), William Shakespeare's ''Hamlet'' (1925), Strindberg's ''The Dream Play'' (1926), O'Neill's ''The Great God Brown'' (1926), O'Neill's ''The Emperor Jones'' (1926), Mrs. Henry Wood's ''East Lynne'' (1926), Lajos Egri's ''Rapid Transit'' (1927), E.E.",
"Cummings's ''Him'' (1928), Kenneth Raisbeck's ''Rock Me, Julie'' (1931), Archibald MacLeish's ''Panic'' (1935), Virgil Geddes's ''Native Ground'' (1937), Pedro Calderón de la Barca's ''The Mayor of Zalamea'' (1945), and Sophocles's ''Oedipus Rex'' (1945) among others.An opponent of racial discrimination, Light was appointed Director of the \"Philadelphia Black Unit\" of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP) in 1936; a branch of the FTP whose mission was to create employment opportunities for black performers in order to combat institutional racism in the American theatre.",
"He was appointed to that post by actress Rose McClendon who oversaw FTP's African American theatre units nationally.",
"Light had worked with McClendon earlier when he directed her in the Broadway production of Annie Nathan Meyer's anti-racism drama ''Black Souls'' in 1932; a work which centered around the lynching of an innocent black man on the campus of a college in the American south.Working closely with Jasper Deeter and the Hedgerow Theatre among other Philadelphia impresarios, Light directed, produced, and promoted numerous plays with all-black casts in Philadelphia during the mid to late 1930s through his work with the FTP.",
"He continued to pursue other projects to promote black artists after the Great Depression.",
"His final directing assignment on Broadway was a revival of Aristophanes's ''Lysistrata'' at the Belasco Theatre that starred an all-black cast led by Etta Moten Barnett in the title role and Sidney Poitier as Polydorus in 1946."
],
[
"Educator",
"In 1928 Light was appointed director of the Yale Dramatic Association at the Yale School of Drama.",
"He joined the faculty of The New School for Social Research (NSSR) in the 1930s, and ultimately became the Dean of NSSR's School of Drama from 1939 to 1942."
],
[
"Personal life and death",
"Light was married twice.",
"His first marriage to Sue Jenkins ended in divorce.",
"His second marriage was to Patti Margolies.",
"He died at the age of 69 at his home in Manhattan on February 11, 1964."
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Bibliography===****************"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Channel J"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Manhattan Cable Television's '''Channel J''' was a public-access television channel broadcast from New York City from 1976 to 1990.It became famous and controversial for its lack of censorship and its depiction of marginalized communities and taboo themes.",
"As a public access channel, every subscriber to cable television in Manhattan received the channel as part of basic cable service.Channel J distributed ''The Emerald City'', one of the first television series created by and for LGBTQ people.",
"It also aired straight and gay pornography on shows such ''Midnight Blue, The Robin Byrd Show, Men and Films,'' ''Blurbs,'' and ''Interludes After Midnight,'' a nude talk show.",
"The channel's robust LGBTQ representation led to the saying \"Gay on J.",
"\"Other shows that aired on Channel J include ''The Big Giveaway'' (New York cable television's first game show), ''The Live!",
"Show,'' and ''The Ugly George Hour of Truth, Sex, and Violence.",
"''Manhattan Cable Television provided free studio space for anyone to use on a first-come, first-served basis.",
"Producers were simply required to pay an hourly rate of $50 for airtime (), with rights to resell the airtime to advertisers.Channel J has been described as \"a funhouse mirror of mainstream network programs\" ''(The Wall Street Journal)'' and \"the Wild West for adult entertainment\" ''(New York Post).''"
],
[
"Programming",
"=== ''The Big Giveaway'' ===''The Big Giveaway'' was a game show produced by 24-year-old Arnie Rosenthal that allowed subscribers the opportunity to win prizes by participating via telephone.",
"According to ''The New Yorker,'' it was the first game show to air on cable television in New York.",
"Rosenthal later started ''Score'' on the Financial News Network.Title card for ''The Emerald City,'' one of the first-ever LGBTQ television shows=== ''The Emerald City'' ===''The Emerald City'' was an American television series and self-proclaimed \"world’s first television show for gay men and women\" that aired twice weekly on Channel J from 1976 to 1979.It began in New York City and was later syndicated to San Francisco and Los Angeles.",
"Episodes were originally an hour long and then switched to half-hour in the fall of 1977.",
"''The Emerald City'' was produced by Truth, Justice, and American Way Inc., which was overseen by Eugene B. Stavis (executive producer), Frank O’Dowd (writer-director), James Chladek (co-producer), and Steven Bie, a former lover of O’Dowd (producer, advertising and marketing).The show covered the LGBTQ movement, politics, and culture in the pre-AIDS era.",
"It featured an assortment of national LGBTQ news, interviews, music videos, and live performances (such as cabaret and singing) recorded on compact cassette.",
"Its on-air talent included journalists Arthur Bell, Vito Russo, and Brandon Judell.Former guests on the show include Arthur Bressan Jr, Divine, Wayland Flowers, Selma Hazouri, David Hockney, John Paul Hudson, Grace Jones, Jonathan Ned Katz, Ken Kilban, James Kirkwood Jr., Larry Kramer, Charles Ludlam, Jean O'Leary, Leonard Matlovich, Butterfly McQueen, Wakefield Poole, and John Waters.The show was entirely supported by advertising proceeds.",
"Its commercials predominantly featured LGBTQ businesses such as Man's Country bathhouse and ''Mandate'' magazine.",
"Other advertisements included books by Wilhelm von Gloeden and Andrew Holleran, Jan Wallman's restaurant, and the pornographic film ''El Paso Wrecking Corp.''For many involved in the making of the show, ''The Emerald City'' was \"about building up LGBT culture|gay culture,\" not just profit.",
"In a 2018 interview, Wakefield Poole said, \"We were very happy to have … a platform to put ideas out there and what life was really like to be gay.\"",
"To Ken Kilban, \"it was a liberating and elevating and enlightening experience.",
"It was… a cultural event.",
"It really had very little to do with sex.\"",
"Steven Brie described a sense of optimism that the show imbued (a coming \"great new world for gay people\") and the excitement of celebrating successful people \"not minding just saying matter of fact that they were gay.",
"\"Title card for ''Interludes After Midnight'' starring Dan Landers=== ''Interludes After Midnight'' ===''Interludes After Midnight'' billed itself as a \"nude TV talk show.\"",
"It was hosted by Dan Landers, who interviewed his guests while naked at 10 P.M. on Mondays.",
"Jon Lovitz parodied the show on ''Saturday Night Live''.",
"In 1989, the ''Chicago Tribune'' pilloried the show as a \"loose, lewd, boring talk show featuring nude numbskull nobodies.",
"\"=== ''The Live!",
"Show'' ===''The Live!",
"Show'', conceived and produced by Jaime Davidovitch, ran from 1979 to 1984.The variety show featured interviews with celebrities such Laurie Anderson and Eric Bogosian, live performances by stars such as Robert Kushner, art lessons, and home shopping segments.Lou Maletta created ''Men and Films,'' which debuted on Channel J in 1982.=== ''Men and Films'' ===''Men and Films'' was created in 1982 by Lou Maletta, who later created the Gay Cable Network.",
"On the show, Maletta interviewed gay porn stars and reviewed gay pornographic films, motivated in part to destigmatize gay sex.",
"It aired at 11 P.M. on Thursdays.=== ''Midnight Blue'' ===''Midnight Blue'' was produced by Al Goldstein, the publisher of ''Screw'' magazine.",
"The show featured reviews of pornographic films, interviews with celebrities such as Debbie Harry and Tiny Tim, and discussion of topics ranging from strippers to group sex.",
"It ran from 1974 to 2003, later moving to Channel 35=== ''The Robin Byrd Show'' ===''The Robin Byrd Show'' featured Robin Byrd interviewing other adult film stars.",
"Like ''Interludes After Midnight,'' ''The Robin Byrd Show'' was later parodied on ''Saturday Night Live,'' with Cherie Oteri portraying Byrd''.''",
"The show later moved to Channel 35 and then Channel 79.=== ''The Ugly George Hour of Truth, Sex, and Violence'' ===''The Ugly George Hour of Truth, Sex, and Violence,'' starring pornographer George Urban, ran from 1976 to 1982 (with sporadic reboots until 1991).",
"Urban roamed the streets of New York urging women to take off their clothes on camera.",
"He also interviewed celebrities (including John Lennon, Yoko Ono, and Michael Jackson) and interviewed politicians about the first amendment.",
"He once recorded a segment inside the sex club Plato's Retreat."
],
[
"Controversy",
"Channel J's sex-positive programming was scandalized in mainstream discourse and subject to censorship efforts.",
"''The New York Times'', for instance, reported in 1984 that late-night viewing on Channel J \"has become identified with sex\" owing to its depictions of \"male frontal nudity,\" “clips from pornographic homosexual films,\" and other \"explicit sexual\" content.",
"Morality in Media, an anti-pornography organization, called the shows \"abominable.",
"\"At the time, state law prevented cable operators from restricting content, even sexually explicit content, except that which was considered obscene.",
"In response to Channel J, the New York State Legislature passed a law in 1983 requiring cable companies to offer devices to block entire channels or programs that \"viewers may find objectionable.\"",
"According to ''Time'' magazine, only 19 such devices were ever installed."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* ''The Emerald City'' episode recordings* Man's Country 1978 bathhouse commercial on ''The Emerald City''"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2015 Clube Náutico Capibaribe season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The 2015 season was Náutico's 115th season in the club's history.",
"Náutico competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Copa do Nordeste, Copa do Brasil and Série B."
],
[
"Squad"
],
[
"Statistics",
"===Overall===Games played 59 (10 Pernambucano, 6 Copa do Nordeste, 5 Copa do Brasil, 38 Série B)Games won 25 (2 Pernambucano, 2 Copa do Nordeste, 3 Copa do Brasil, 18 Série B)Games drawn 16 (4 Pernambucano, 2 Copa do Nordeste, 1 Copa do Brasil, 9 Série B)Games lost 18 (4 Pernambucano, 2 Copa do Nordeste, 1 Copa do Brasil, 11 Série B)Goals scored 76Goals conceded 68Goal difference +8Best results 4–0 (H) v Serra Talhada - Pernambucano - 2015.02.11Worst result 1–5 (A) v Luverdense - Série B - 2015.08.22Top scorer Josimar (8)=== Goalscorers ===PlacePositionNationalityNumberNameCampeonato PernambucanoCopa do NordesteCopa do BrasilSérie BTotal 1 FW 20 '''Josimar''' 4 3 1 0 '''8''' 2 FW 9 '''Douglas''' 0 0 1 6 '''7''' = MF 10 '''Patrick Vieira''' 0 3 1 3 '''7''' 3 FW 9 '''Daniel Morais''' 0 0 0 6 '''6''' 4 FW 11 '''Bergson''' 0 0 0 4 '''4''' = DF 2 '''Rafael Pereira''' 0 0 0 4 '''4''' = MF 19 '''Renato Henrique''' 3 1 0 0 '''4''' = DF 3 '''Ronaldo Alves''' 0 0 0 4 '''4''' 5 FW 18 '''Bruno Alves''' 2 0 0 1 '''3''' = DF 2 '''Guilherme Lucena''' 1 0 0 2 '''3''' = MF 11 '''Hiltinho''' 0 0 0 3 '''3''' = MF 17 '''Pedro Carmona''' 0 0 1 2 '''3''' 6 DF 13 '''Diego Silva''' 0 0 0 2 '''2''' = DF 4 '''Fabiano Eller''' 0 0 0 2 '''2''' = DF 6 '''Gastón Filgueira''' 0 1 0 1 '''2''' = MF 20 '''Gil Mineiro''' 0 0 0 2 '''2''' = MF 8 '''Marino''' 0 0 0 2 '''2''' 7 MF 17 '''Anderson Preto''' 0 0 1 0 '''1''' = MF 16 '''Fillipe Soutto''' 0 1 0 0 '''1''' = MF 10 '''Guilherme Biteco''' 0 0 0 1 '''1''' = MF '''Jefferson Renan''' 0 1 0 0 '''1''' = MF 80 '''João Ananias''' 0 0 0 1 '''1''' = FW 21 '''João Paulo''' 1 0 0 0 '''1''' = FW 7 '''Rogerinho''' 0 0 0 1 '''1''' = FW 20 '''Stéfano Yuri''' 0 0 0 1 '''1''' = MF 11 '''Willian Magrão''' 0 0 0 1 '''1''' '''Own goals''' 0 0 1 0 '''1''' '''Total''' 11 10 6 49 '''76'''"
],
[
"Friendlies",
"===Supercopa do Maranhão==="
],
[
"Official Competitions",
"===Campeonato Pernambucano=======First stage========Record====Final PositionPointsMatchesWinsDrawsLossesGoals ForGoals AwayAvg%'''6th'''1010244111233%===Copa do Nordeste=======Group stage========Record====Final PositionPointsMatchesWinsDrawsLossesGoals ForGoals AwayAvg%'''9th'''86222101144%===Copa do Brasil======= First round ======== Second round ======== Third round ========Record====Final PositionPointsMatchesWinsDrawsLossesGoals ForGoals AwayAvg%'''22nd'''1053116366%===Série B=======Record====Final PositionPointsMatchesWinsDrawsLossesGoals ForGoals AwayAvg%'''5th'''633818911494255%"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1949 Oregon College Wolves football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1949 Oregon College Wolves football team''' was an American football team that represented the Oregon College of Education (OCE)—now known as Western Oregon University—as an independent during the 1949 college football season.",
"In their third year under head coach Bill McArthur, the Wolves compiled a perfect 9–0 record, shut out five of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 304 to 41.They closed the season as the only undefeated, untied team in the Pacific Northwest.",
"The team's leading players included halfback Robin Lee, quarterback Abe Johnson, back Aubrey \"Corky\" Van Loo, and center Jack \"Butch\" Langlie.The team's 9–0 season remains the best record in the school's history.",
"In 2004, the team was inducted into the Western Oregon Hall of Fame."
],
[
"Schedule"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Handa Red Brick Building"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The''' '''''' is a historic brick warehouse located in Handa City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.",
"It is certified by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan as one of the sites and plaque locations.",
"The site consists of three buildings: the original main building, a storage building, and a half-timbered building.",
"Before renovations, the inside of the building was open to the public several times a year, but seismic reinforcement work and refurbishing was carried out between 2014 and 2015.Since July 18, 2015, it has been open to the public at all times (excluding New Year's Eve and New Year's Day)."
],
[
"History",
"In 1898, the building was constructed as a beer factory for Marusan Beer, before it became Kabuto Beer.",
"The floor plan was designed by the German firm called Germania Maschinenfabrik and then implemented by architect Tsumaki Yorinaka, who worked on other industrial projects including the Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse.In 1944, during World War II, it became a clothing warehouse for Nakajima Aircraft Company.After the war, it was used from March 1950 as part of the cornstarch manufacturing process (mainly a product storage warehouse) of Nippon Shokuhin Kako, which was established in July 1948.=== Movement for Preservation of Red Brick Buildings ===In the early summer of 1994, Hideo Baba, the chairman of the Kyoto citizens' group \"Red Brick Club Maizuru\", learned that the factory was set to be demolished.",
"He contacted his younger brother, Baba Nobuo, who had been working as the general manager of Nakano Brewery.",
"The brothers believed that in order to preserve the red-brick building, local residents simply had to know how valuable the building was.",
"At the request of his brother, Baba Nobuo entered into negotiations with the Planning and Coordination Division of Handa City.On March 19, 1996, Handa City signed an agreement to purchase approximately 34,000 m² of the former Nihon Shokuhin Kako factory site for approximately ¥3.047 billion yen.In August 1997, Baba Nobuo and others formed a citizens' group called the ''Handa Red Brick Club'' (半田赤レンガ倶楽部), now called the ''Red Brick Club General Incorporated Association of Handa'' (一般社団法人赤煉瓦倶楽部半田).In August 2002, Handa City and the ''Handa Red Brick Club'' opened the red brick building to the public for the first time.",
"8,600 people attended the two-day event.On July 23, 2004, the three buildings (the half-timber building, the main building, and the storage building) were registered as tangible cultural properties of Japan, and on February 23, 2009, they were recognized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a Heritage of Industrial Modernization site.=== Renewal Opening ===Renovation work began in 2014, and the facility reopened as a tourist facility on July 18, 2015.Since its opening, JTB Promotion Inc. has managed and operated the facility, but Toyota Enterprise Corporation has been the designated manager since April 2020.The building was hit by the 1944 Tōnankai Earthquake, the 1945 Mikawa Earthquake, and the Handa Air Raid, but it has remained intact to this day, and the scars from machine gun fire from P-51 fighter planes during the Handa Air Raid can still be seen on its walls.In March 2022, a building was constructed that is a full-scale reproduction of the Kabuto Beer billboard, approximately 10m tall, that stood at Nagoya Station during the Meiji period.",
"The old advertising tower in Nagoya was featured in the Ghibli film ''The Wind Rises'' and was built by the city to attract tourists before the opening of Ghibli Park."
],
[
"Gallery"
],
[
"Facility",
"The following facilities were newly established with the reopening.",
"* Permanent exhibition room** Introduces the Handa red brick building and the history of Kabuto Beer.",
"* Special exhibition room* Re-BRICK** In addition to serving snacks and draft Kabuto beer made with ingredients from the Chita Peninsula, specialty products are also on sale.",
"** Renewed from “Cafe Brick Shop” in June 2020.",
"* Clubhouse** There are four rooms A-D, which are used as studios and places for music performances.",
"* Marche Square* Lawn Square"
],
[
"In popular culture",
"* Handa Red Brick was used as a model location in the third episode of the anime series ''Violet Evergarden''."
],
[
"Transit access",
"* Approximately 5 minutes on foot from Sumiyoshicho Station on the Meitetsu Kowa Line.",
"* About 15 minutes on foot from Handa Station on the JR Taketoyo Line."
],
[
"See also",
"* Handa, Aichi* Yokohama Red Brick Warehouse"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Handa Akarenga Tatemono - website* Handa Akarenga Club* Handa Red Brick Building - Handa City* Handa Red Brick Building - Aichi's Official Tourist Guide AICHI NOW* Commons:Category:Heritage of Industrial Modernization of Japan"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Black Box Diaries"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Black Box Diaries''''' is a documentary directed by Shiori Itō, which premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival.",
"The film documents Itō's own sexual assault investigation and case in Japan.",
"The documentary is produced by Hanna Aqvilin and Eric Nyari."
],
[
"Release",
"The film had its world premiere at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival on January 20 as part of the World Cinema Documentary Competition."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Basile High School"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Basile High School''' is a public upper-elementary, junior and senior high school (grades 5–12) in Basile, Louisiana.",
"It is a part of Evangeline Parish Public Schools."
],
[
"History",
"A public school existed in the town of Basile from 1909 to 1913, however, education there only went up to the ninth grade.",
"Students who wished to continue to tenth and eleventh grades had to attend the Methodist-run Evangeline Preparatory Academy, a private school.",
"In 1919 the Basile Graded School was built for a cost of $6,000.In 1925, Evangeline Parish and Acadia Parish reached an agreement to jointly control Basile High School, because for some time more than half of the students had been from Acadia Parish.",
"That same year, the first brick public school building was constructed by P.O.",
"Oliver and Sons of Lake Charles.",
"The school's first graduating class, in 1926, had only one student.",
"The school's first principal was Mr. J.A.",
"Babin.In 1936 an election was held to fund the construction of a combined gym and auditorium, as well as to establish an agriculture program.In 1953, the school was accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools for the first time.From the Reconstruction era until 1969, Evangeline Parish maintained a dual education system, with one set of schools for White students, and another for Black students.",
"Basile High only allowed White students to attend.",
"In 1969, the Federal courts caused the schools to be integrated, and Black students from nearby William W. Stewart were allowed to attend for the first time.",
"In response, the Evangeline Parish School Board considered closing BHS, along with all the Parish schools, a move which was opposed by the Evangeline Parish Teachers association.By the fall of 1971 the high school had an enrollment of 430 White and 132 Black students.",
"In 2012, the school system was granted unitary status.In 2011, Basile was one of only 36 high schools in Louisiana that met the full requirements of the Louisiana Promise initiative, including having an 80% graduation rate and improving by 10%.In 2018, Black students were 1.6 times more likely to be disciplined than White students.",
"While 24% of the student body was non-White, the composition of the gifted and talented programs were 100% White.Ms.",
"Madelyn Miller, who had previously served as assistant principal, was named interim principal in 1995 becoming the first female and first Black person to hold the office at Basile High School."
],
[
"BHS Band",
"The Basile High School band was organized in 1938 with Ms. Belle Cox as band director.",
"The band's first uniforms were simple red capes lined with white satin and were created by the school's home economics department.",
"Traditionally, the band marches in the Cotton Festival parade in Ville Platte, the Swine Festival parade in Basile, as well as local Christmas and Mardi Gras parades."
],
[
"Athletics",
"The Basile Bearcats compete in Class 1A of the LHSAA.The school's original colors were scarlet and white, however, by the 1950s this had changed to the modern red and white school colors.",
"Basile had no official mascot in its earliest days.",
"According to an article in the local newspaper, an open contest was held sometime in the late 1930s to select a school mascot.",
"The final two choices were \"Phantoms\" and \"Bearcats\".",
"Students allegedly chose the \"Bearcats\" because of the popularity of a semi-professional baseball team called the Houston Bearcats.",
"Today, while even the official Basile High School website and much of the artwork around the school depicts the Bearcat mascot as a fierce, almost Black panther-like creature, the actual \"bearcat,\" or binturong, is a member of the mongoose family.The wrestling team won the Louisiana state championship in 1991, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022.In 1950, BHS won the Louisiana 6 man football state championship.In the 1990s, BHS attracted attention because they rescheduled school athletic events to avoid conflict with the opening of squirrel hunting season.=== State Championships==='''Six-Man Football'''*(1) 1950'''Wrestling'''*(5) 1991, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022"
],
[
"Notable people",
"*Tommy McClelland, athletic director, Rice University.",
"*Ronald G. Richard, retired Major General, United States Marine Corps."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* High School"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Haru Kakiuchi"
],
[
"Introduction",
" is a Japanese figure skater.",
"He is the 2023 JGP Hungary bronze medalist."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Kakiuchi was born on April 18, 2006, in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.",
"As hobbies, Kakiuchi enjoys listening to classical music as well as collecting rocks, old coins, and ukiyo-e.He is currently a student at N High School."
],
[
"Career",
"=== Early career ===Kakiuchi began figure skating in 2010 at the age of three after his mother, Kaori, encouraged him as a way to help overcome his shyness.",
"That same year, Kakiuchi began training at the Kansai University Skating Club in Takatsuki, Osaka after being invited by Mie Hamada to train there as her student.He won the silver medal on the novice b level at the 2016–17 Japan Championships.",
"The following season, Kakiuchi won the silver medal at the 2017–18 Japan Novice A Championships and placed twenty-first at the 2017–18 Japan Junior Championships.After finishing fifth at the 2018–19 Japan Novice A Championships, Kakiuchi moved back to his hometown of Nishinomiya and began training at the Hyogo Nishinomiya Figure Skating Club with Sayaka Yodo and Keiji Tanaka becoming his new coaches.",
"He would place eighteenth at the 2019–20 Japan Junior Championships and thirteenth at both the 2020–21 and 2021–22 Japan Junior Championships.=== 2022–2023 season ===Making his junior international debut, Kakiuchi competed on the 2022–23 ISU Junior Grand Prix, finishing eighth at the 2022 JGP Czech Republic.",
"He went on to finish sixth in the 2022–23 Japan Junior Championships.",
"Due to his top eight finish, Kakiuchi was selected to compete at the 2022–23 Japan Senior Championships.He went on to compete at the Japan Eastern Sectional Championships, winning the gold medal.",
"At the 2022–23 Japan Junior Championships, Kakiuchi finished fifth and was selected to compete at the 2022–23 Japan Senior Championships due to this top eight finish.",
"At those championships, Kakiuchi finished eighteenth.Kakiuchi closed his season by winning silver on the junior level at the 2023 International Challenge Cup.=== 2023–2024 season ===Competing on the 2023–24 ISU Junior Grand Prix, Kakiuchi began his season by finishing seventh at the 2023 JGP Austria and winning bronze at the 2023 JGP Hungary.He then finished fourth at the 2023–24 Japan Junior Championships.",
"With this result, combined with his placements on the Junior Grand Prix series, Kakiuchi was selected to represent Japan at both the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics and the 2024 World Junior Championships.",
"He was also selected to compete at the 2023–24 Japan Senior Championships due to his top eight finish at the junior championships.",
"He finished eighteenth at the latter event."
],
[
"Programs",
" Season Short program Free skating Exhibition 2023–2024 * Caruso * Wake Me Up 2022–2023 * Libertango 2021–2022 * Buzoku * La campanella"
],
[
"Competitive highlights",
"''JGP: Junior Grand Prix'' International: Junior Event 15–16 16–17 17–18 18–19 19–20 20–21 21–22 22–23 23–24 Youth Olympics 7th Junior Worlds TBD Austria 7th Czech Republic 8th Hungary 3rd Challenge Cup 2nd International: Advanced novice Challenge Cup 3rd National Japan 18th 18th Japan Junior 21st 20th 13th 14th 6th 4th Japan Novice 9th B 2nd B 2nd A 5th A Japan Western Sect.",
"12th J 11th J 7th J 2nd J 4th J Kinki Reg.",
"1st B 2nd B 1st A 1st A 6th J 6th J 5th J 1st J Levels: J = Junior; A = Novice A; B = Novice B; TBD = Assigned; WD = Withdrew"
],
[
"Detailed results",
"=== Senior level === 2023–24 season Date Event Level SP FS Total December 20–24, 2023 2023–24 Japan Championships Senior 21 64.58 14 131.72 18 196.30 2022–23 season Date Event Level SP FS Total December 21–25, 2022 2022–23 Japan Championships Senior 21 61.42 18 126.55 18 187.97=== Junior and Novice level === 2023–24 season Date Event Level SP FS Total February 26–March 3, 2024 2024 World Junior Championships Junior TBD January 27–29, 2024 2024 Winter Youth Olympics Junior 8 61.11 5 124.77 7 185.88 November 17–19, 2023 2023–24 Japan Junior Championships Junior 3 68.64 5 129.33 4 197.97 October 25–29, 2023 2023 Japan Western Sectional Championships Junior 2 65.56 5 121.57 4 187.13 September 20–23, 2023 2023 JGP Hungary Junior 4 66.95 3 '''133.87''' 3 '''200.82''' August 30 – September 2, 2023 2023 JGP Austria Junior 4 '''69.39''' 11 111.12 7 180.51 2022–23 season Date Event Level SP FS Total February 23–26, 2023 2023 International Challenge Cup Junior 2 59.15 1 115.00 2 174.15 November 25–27, 2022 2022–23 Japan Junior Championships Junior 6 63.39 10 117.34 6 180.73 October 27–30, 2022 2022 Japan Western Sectional Championships Junior 5 58.46 1 132.58 2 191.04 Octobr 7–10, 2022 2022 Kinki Regional Championships Junior 1 62.87 1 125.53 1 188.40 August 31 – September 3, 2022 2022 JGP Czech Republic Junior 8 64.58 9 113.43 8 178.01 2021–22 season Date Event Level SP FS Total November 19–21, 2021 2021–22 Japan Junior Championships Junior 13 56.00 16 93.46 14 149.46 November 4–7, 2021 2021 Japan Western Sectional Championships Junior 6 60.84 6 103.80 7 164.64 October 7–10, 2021 2021 Kinki Regional Championships Junior 6 53.10 3 106.54 5 159.64 2020–21 season Date Event Level SP FS Total November 21–23, 2020 2020–21 Japan Junior Championships Junior 13 57.32 13 102.52 13 159.84 October 30 – November 1, 2020 2020 Japan Western Sectional Championships Junior 16 49.13 11 94.77 11 143.90 October 2–4, 2020 2020 Tokyo Regional Championships Junior 7 56.04 4 108.92 6 164.96 2019–20 season Date Event Level SP FS Total November 15–17, 2019 2019–20 Japan Junior Championships Junior 18 47.88 20 84.97 20 132.85 November 1–4, 2019 2019 Japan Western Sectional Championships Junior 14 50.66 12 101.99 12 152.65 October 3–6, 2019 2019 Kinki Regional Championships Junior 6 54.53 6 98.62 6 153.15 2018–19 season Date Event Level SP FS Total October 18–20, 2018 2018–19 Japan Novice A Championships Novice – 5 79.58 5 79.58 October 5–8, 2018 2018 Kinki Regional Novice A Championships Novice – 1 95.17 1 95.17 2017–18 season Date Event Level SP FS Total February 22–25, 2018 2018 International Challenge Cup Novice 5 33.35 3 67.57 3 100.92 November 24–26, 2017 2017–18 Japan Junior Championships Junior 22 41.86 20 88.38 21 130.24 October 20–22, 2017 2017–18 Japan Novice A Championships Novice – 15 96.14 17 144.08 October 6–9, 2017 2017 Kinki Regional Novice A Championships Novice – 1 68.41 1 68.41 2016–17 season Date Event Level SP FS Total October 21–23, 2016 2016–17 Japan Novice B Championships Novice – 2 59.20 2 59.20 October 8–10, 2016 2016 Kinki Regional Novice B Championships Novice – 2 56.96 2 56.96 2015–16 season Date Event Level SP FS Total October 23–25, 2015 2015–16 Japan Novice B Championships Novice – 9 46.28 9 46.28 October 9–12, 2015 2015 Kinki Regional Novice B Championships Novice – 1 48.31 1 48.31"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Penglai rice"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Penglai rice''' (, ), or '''Ponglai rice''', is the most popular rice cultivar in Taiwan.",
"It accounts for over 90% of local rice production, far more than the two other major types of rice planted and consumed in Taiwan, zailai rice and glutinous rice.Penglai rice is a hybrid produced by crossbreeding between strains of the subspecies ''Oryza sativa'' subsp.",
"''japonica'' (japonica rice).",
"It was inially developed by the Japanese when Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule because the colonizers preferred the taste of their home-grown japonica rice.",
"But japonica rice's sensitivity to daylength did not allow it to grow well in Taiwan's long hours of sunlight and subtropical climate.In 1921, Japanese researchers Eikichi Iso (磯永吉), known as \"father of penglai rice\", and his colleague Megumu Suenaga (末永仁), known as \"mother of penglai rice\", began to crossbreed two strains of highland japonica rice,the \"Kameji\" and the \"Sinliki\", eventually producing a hybrid \"Taichung No.",
"65\" (T65) that was well adapted to Taiwan's lowland soils.A mutation enabled the new cultivar to be insensitive to daylength, unlike its parental strains, allowing it to yield two harvests per year.This hybrid was named \"penglai rice\" after the mythical Mount Penglai that some believed to represent Taiwan.Most of the modern penglai rice varieties currently grown in Taiwan are descendants of T65.Penglai rice is a short-grained variety whose amylopectin content, thus its stickiness,is between that of zailai rice and glutinous rice, making it the preferred bowl rice to the locals as well as to the Japanese.",
"Its moderate stickiness also makes it suitable for making sushi,brewing beer, ''etc''."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Illosporiopsis"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Illosporiopsis''''' is a genus of fungi with one species, ''Illosporiopsis christiansenii'', a fungus which parasitizes lichen.",
"''Illosporiopsis'' was described after DNA evidence showed that species previously ascribed to ''Hobsonia'' were unrelated."
],
[
"Taxonomy",
"''Illosporiopsis'' contains the following species:* ''Illosporiopsis christiansenii''"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Treaty of Berlin (August 27, 1918)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Treaty of Berlin of August 27, 1918''' was an agreement signed after several months of negotiations between Bolshevik representatives and the Central Powers, mainly represented by the Germans.",
"This treaty completed and clarified the political and economic clauses of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which had been left out of the winter 1917-1918 negotiations.",
"The latter were aimed at ending the war between the Central Powers and Russia and clarifying the extent of Russia's territorial losses, but left unresolved the question of war indemnities due to the Imperial Reich and its allies.",
"Similarly, the nature of the new economic relations between the Central Powers and Russia was not discussed in depth at Brest-Litovsk.",
"Consequently, in accordance with the terms of the peace treaty signed in early 1918, negotiations should regulate future economic relations between the Central Powers and Bolshevik Russia, and lead to the conclusion of an agreement between the Reich and its allies, on the one hand, and Russia, on the other.",
"However, due to the rapid development of the conflict during September and October 1918, the provisions contained in the text of this treaty never came into force.",
"Nevertheless, this agreement laid the foundations for the Treaty of Rapallo between the Reich and Bolshevik Russia, which came into force in 1922."
],
[
"Context",
"=== Bolshevik power in the summer of 1918 ===After the Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917, the new Russian leadership took over the reins of Russian government, to halt the process of disintegration of power.",
"The conclusion of peace with the Central Powers also considerably weakened this new power.Divided on foreign policy, the Bolshevik leaders also had to confront their opponents, including their former allies, the left-wing socialist-revolutionaries, who, like all opponents of Bolshevik power, were in favor of continuing the war.",
"Faced with the Bolsheviks, who were in the minority on this issue, the Socialist-Revolutionaries stepped up their terrorist activities, committing numerous attacks during the spring and summer of 1918, both against the Bolshevik leaders and against their German allies.",
"On July 6, 1918, they assassinated Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, German ambassador to the Russian government.=== German-Russian relations in 1918 ===Karl Helfferich, ambassador to Moscow appointed in July 1918, was in favor of overthrowing the regime set up in the aftermath of the October Revolution.Despite the conclusion of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Germans anticipated a rapid overthrow of the regime that had emerged from the October Revolution.",
"It soon became clear to both Germans and Russians that the February treaty had left a number of uncertainties in relations between the two countries.",
"Finally, the clauses of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk provided for the opening of new negotiations to reach agreement on the nature of future economic ties between the two countries.Consequently, in the spring of 1918, diplomatic relations were officially re-established between the Central Powers and the Council of People's Commissars, and ambassadors were exchanged between Moscow and Berlin.",
"However, against the backdrop of the terrorist wave led by the Socialist-Revolutionaries, former allies of the Bolshevik party, the main German leaders were divided on the question of maintaining relations with the Russian government: Wilhelm II, Erich Ludendorff and Karl Helfferich, the new ambassador to Moscow, were in favor of overthrowing the Bolshevik government, by various means.Leonid Krassine, l'un des négociateurs russes.Finally, in the summer of 1918, when the situation of the Bolshevik regime seemed critical, the Bolshevik negotiators Adolf Joffe and Leonid Krasin succeeded in convincing the Reich's main economic policy-makers at war, first and foremost Gustav Stresemann, of the solidity of the regime that had given them their mandate.",
"With Stresemann supporting the plan to renew economic relations with Lenin's regime, the Reich drew closer to the Bolsheviks to avoid, or at least delay, the reconstitution of an Eastern Front, while the Imperial German Army stepped up operations in support of the Red Army, wherever the armies of the Central Powers were in a position to intervene.",
"Following the assassinations in the summer of 1918 of the Reich ambassador in Moscow and the commander of German troops in Ukraine, the Reich government hesitated as to which policy to follow, with part of the Imperial Cabinet calling for the establishment of a conservative government favorable to the central powers.=== German objectives in Russia ===With the Central Powers having imposed a peace on the Russian Republic, sanctioning a major Russian territorial withdrawal, the Reich was keen to renew trade relations with the new power in Moscow.The conclusion of peace with the power that emerged from the October Revolution not only allowed German war aims to be realized in Eastern Europe, but also authorized the Reich to pursue an active policy in Russia and neighboring regions, despite the uncertainties then surrounding the future of the Bolshevik regime.",
"At a time when the Central Powers were victorious on the Eastern Front, some German officials aspired to see the Reich pursue an active policy in the new Russia.",
"Thus, Paul von Hintze, Secretary of State from July 9, 1918, wanted to achieve the war aims of 1914, by relying on the Bolsheviks, the only political party opposed to the Triple Entente.Moreover, in a context marked by preparations for the post-war period, the Reich's leaders, betting on the maintenance of an Allied blockade after the conflict, attempted to establish trade relations with the Russian authorities.",
"Leading representatives of industry met on several occasions in the spring of 1918 to define the objectives sought by the German negotiators, as well as the legal framework for achieving these objectives.At the same time, the Germans were preparing a military intervention in Russia; although they supported the Bolshevik regime, in order to take advantage of it in the Reich's best interests, German diplomats nevertheless anticipated its downfall, which would risk dragging Russia into chaos.",
"The German military prepared for this intervention, whose main driving force would be the restoration of order.Parallel to the objectives set by members of the government and the military, representatives of the Reich's heavy industry set out their specific demands after a meeting in Düsseldorf; fearing that the Reich would be ousted from world markets after the conflict, they called for the establishment of a continental market, economically underdeveloped and therefore unlikely to find competition for German manufactured goods.",
"They suggested a proactive policy of substantial loans to Russia, to finance German exports to the country, as well as the establishment of an economic grouping to coordinate German efforts to take economic control of Russia and Ukraine."
],
[
"Agreement clauses",
"The German-Russian agreement, the fruit of three months of negotiations, included both political and economic clauses, guaranteeing both the survival of the Bolshevik regime and the resumption of economic relations between Russia and the Central Powers.",
"These clauses were supplemented by secret notes detailing the reciprocal obligations of the two contracting parties.=== Negotiations ===Faced with a catastrophic political and economic situation, Lenin's government proposed the opening of negotiations with representatives of the central powers.",
"The Bolshevik representatives dangled the prospect of an alliance between the Reich and the new Russia, the delivery of arms and a far-reaching trade agreement.The negotiations were held in Berlin and opened in mid-May 1918, in the presence of the Reich's State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Richard von Kühlmann, and were closed by his successor, Paul von Hintze.",
"The new Russian government delegated Adolf Joffe and Leonid Krasine, experienced Bolshevik militants, to defend the interests of the Moscow regime.As the Reich became increasingly exhausted in futile offensives, its negotiators quickly became more conciliatory towards the demands put forward by their Russian counterparts.",
"The Germans offered to supply Russia with cereal, coal, iron and oil, while rail links between the Caucasian territories occupied by the central powers and northern Russia were promised to be rapidly restored.",
"However, it did not escape Joffe, the main Russian negotiator, that concluding the agreement on the basis proposed by the Germans would strengthen the Reich's economic control over Russia, which had already been significant before the war.=== Political clauses ===In essence, these clauses are contained in the notes that were exchanged between the German government and the Soviet government.They definitively fixed Russia's borders along the lines decided at Brest-Litovsk, obliging Russia to recognize the independence of Lithuania and the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia on the borders of the Baltic and Georgia, which were then totally under German political and economic control.",
"In exchange for this recognition, the Reich agreed to return Baku to Russia, in exchange for a guarantee that a third of the oil produced in the region would be delivered to the German economy.Finally, these clauses oblige the Reich to question its support for Krasnov's and Alekseyev's White Armies.=== Economical clauses ===The treaty of August 27 laid the foundations for the resumption of economic exchanges between the Reich and the new Russia.",
"The Germans renounced compensation for German holdings in Russian companies nationalized by the decree of June 28, 1918.However, despite this renunciation, the Russian government had to pay the Reich war indemnities of six billion gold rubles, both in gold and in goods."
],
[
"Application and consequences",
"Ratified by the contracting parties on September 6, 1918, it never came into force due to the defeat of the Reich in the following months.",
"The Armistice of Rethondes obliged the defeated Reich to denounce all agreements and treaties signed by its representatives with Romania, Russia and the new states born at the beginning of 1918: Finland, the Baltic States and Ukraine.=== Ratification ===SPD.Ratification of the Treaty of August 27 by the Reich took the form of a simple government act.",
"The treaty was not submitted to the Reichstag, as required by the Empire's constitution, for reasons of domestic policy; Friedrich von Payer, Vice-Chancellor of the Reich, wished to avoid a parliamentary debate on his foreign policy, and a possible collapse of the government in this debate.",
"Only Friedrich Ebert, on behalf of his party, the Social Democratic Party, expressed reservations about the treaty's clauses and ratification procedures.Despite these reservations, the treaty was ratified by the Reichstag Main Committee on September 24, 1918.=== Expiration ===The events of November 1918 quickly invalidated the terms of the treaty.Shortly before, in September 1918, the Reich's political and military leaders were hoping to preserve the structure built up in Eastern Europe since the February peace for the benefit of the Reich: Paul von Hintze and Friedrich von Payer, supported by Gustav Stresemann, declared their determination to defend the eastern gains of the conflict.However, article 15 of the 1918 armistice text obliged the Reich to withdraw from the treaty of August 27, 1918.The Allies considered this treaty to be a consequence of the peace of defeat imposed by the Reich on Russia.",
"Parallel to the Allied demand, the Council of People's Commissars terminated the treaties binding Russia and the Reich on November 13, 1918, once the terms of the armistice between the Reich and the Allies were known in Russia.=== Consequences ===In the summer of 1918, the outcome of the German-Russian negotiations depended on the outcome of operations on the Western Front; this German-Russian agreement was a first step towards the German-Soviet relations of the 1920s.While the Balkan front, poorly supported by the weakened Bulgarian army, collapsed following the Battle of Doiran, German negotiators obtained concessions from the states established following the break-up of Russia, placing these newly independent countries in strict dependence on the Reich.Accepting the regime put in place following the October Revolution, and acknowledging the economic interests of Bolshevik-ruled Russia, the Reich's leaders were the first to recognize the power of the Council of People's Commissars.",
"This recognition paved the way for a longer-term relationship with the Soviet Union.",
"This early recognition of Moscow's new government paved the way for agreements that would benefit both states over the following decade."
],
[
"See also"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References",
"=== Bibliography ===* * * * === External sites ===* On the German Wikisource."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Language of Thorns"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Language of Thorns: Midnight Tales and Dangerous Magic''''' is a 2017 anthology of fairy tales by Leigh Bardugo, set in her ''Grishaverse'' universe."
],
[
"Plot",
"===''Ayama and the Thorn Wood''===Ayama is a young peasant girl who is treated as a servant in her own home.",
"When the king's son is born with monstrous wolf-like features, the king hides him in a labyrinth under the palace.",
"The monster escapes from the labyrinth, killing livestock and terrorizing villagers.Ayama is sent as the king's emissary to the beast.",
"In the Thorn Wood, she meets the beast and exchanges stories with him.",
"With each story, she changes the traditional tale to suit her listener.",
"Each time, the king rewards her, but her parents do not treat her any better.",
"The third time she is sent to the woods, the king orders her to slay the beast and return with his heart.",
"Ayama returns with the living beast, having drunk from the waters of the Thorn Wood to become a monster herself.",
"She professes her love for the beast and accuses the king of framing him to distract from his own unpopularity.",
"The king is imprisoned in the labyrinth, while Ayama and the beast become the new queen and king.===''The Too-Clever Fox''===Koja, an ugly but clever fox, uses his wits to escape danger.",
"He eventually befriends the bear Ivan; however, Ivan disappears after a hunter arrives in the forest.",
"The hunter forces his sister Sofiya to sew hides into a gruesome cloak.",
"Koja asks Sofiya to betray her brother.",
"Sofiya initially pretends to befriend Koja, but she drugs him and starts to skin him.",
"She is the true hunter, and her brother is simply a distraction.",
"A nightingale pecks out Sofiya's eyes, saving Koja.===''The Witch of Duva''===Nadya is the daughter of Maxim, a local carpenter.",
"Several girls go missing as winter begins and famine deepens.",
"Nadya suspects that Karina, her father's new wife, is a witch.",
"While hunting in the woods, Nadya finds a mysterious cabin owned by a witch named Magda.",
"They are snowed in together for the winter; Nadya helps with the chores and learns magic.",
"Nadya decides to return to her father and free him from Karina's influence.Magda helps Nadya cut off two of her own fingers, using them to create a gingerbread girl.",
"The ginger girl arrives at Maxim's house.",
"He assaults and eats the ginger girl, revealing that Maxim is the one hunting local girls.",
"Maxim dies and the village finds mementos of the dead girls in his house.",
"Nadya realizes that Karina was protecting her from Maxim.",
"Karina leaves town, and Nadya remains with Magda to learn more magic.===''Little Knife''===Yeva, the daughter of the duke, is the most beautiful girl in the city.",
"The duke offers her hand in marriage to the suitor who can create the largest pile of firewood.",
"The duke expects that a rich prince will hire a team of workers and win the contest.",
"Semyon, an impoverished Grisha tidemaker, uses the local river to wash up a huge tower of wood, winning the contest.",
"The duke devises a second task: return with a magic mirror from a mountain witch.",
"The duke expects the prince to use his prized horses to reach the witch first, but the river brings Semyon to the witch first.",
"Semyon names the river Little Knife.",
"The witch gives the mirror to Little Knife, but Semyon takes it for himself.The duke gives the suitors a final task: find a magical coin that is never spent.",
"Little Knife retrieves the coin from the depths of the earth.",
"Semyon demands to be married to Yeva before he will give the duke the coin.",
"Little Knife refuses to give up the coin, and Yeva leaves the city with the river.",
"Without the river, the town fades into obscurity.",
"Yeva lives happily into old age while Semyon thirsts to death, afraid that water will once again betray him.===''The Soldier Prince''===Talented clocksmith Droessen is invited to the house of the Zelverhoss family, who are wealthy merchants.",
"He plans to marry the young Clara Zelverhoss when she comes of age.",
"He makes an enchanted nutcracker for her to win her favor.When Clara speaks to the nutcracker, he will sometimes become a man and take her to fairyland, but he will become a nutcracker again as the journey ends.",
"The nutcracker has memories of his time as a soldier, but they are disjointed and unclear.",
"He is stored in a glass cabinet where he can watch Clara and her family members.",
"This experience causes him to be confused; he does not know that he is not a real person.",
"The Rat King appears and tells the nutcracker about his true nature; if the nutcracker can have desires separate from Clara's, he will become human.",
"The nutcracker realizes he wishes to see the world beyond Clara's windows.In his human form, the nutcracker attends a party at Clara's house.",
"That night, he is confronted by Droessen.",
"Droessen states that he is only a toy, turning the nutcracker into wood again.",
"Droessen attempts to burn him, but the Rat King emerges from the walls and saves the nutcracker.",
"The nutcracker turns Droessen into a wooden toy and places him in the cabinet.",
"He then turns and leaves the house, never to be seen again.",
"Clara leaves to become a writer.",
"Her mother picks up the Droessen doll and begins to speak to him.===''When Water Sang Fire''===Sildroher are mermaid-like creatures who use their songs to create magic.",
"In ages past, the sildroher spend time on land disguised as humans, but now this is forbidden.",
"The story narrates why this change occurred.Ulla is an unpopular sildroher who is rumored to be part human.",
"Nevertheless, her magical powers are unsurpassed by any of her classmates.",
"She and her partner Signy are allowed to perform before the royal court; their combined voices enchant the youngest prince, Rolph, who invites them onto land with him for the season.",
"They use magical sikkern knives to cut their tails into legs and journey onto land together.At the end of the season, the king will abdicate, and the son who presents the best gift will take the throne.",
"Inspired by Signy's flaming red hair, Ulla suggests that Rolph's gift should be a fire that can burn underwater.",
"At the human court, Ulla meets a seer's apprentice.",
"The apprentice reveals to Ulla that they are half-siblings; Ulla is the daughter of a sildroher father and a Grisha mother.",
"The apprentice also reveals the secret of the spell for the fire: it will require a human sacrifice.",
"Ulla is initially repelled by this, but Rolph promises to marry Signy if Ulla performs the spell.Together the three sildroher sacrifice a human criminal, cutting his lungs from his body and using them to create an unquenchable flame.",
"Ulla is severely burned by the spell.",
"Rolph reveals that he used Ulla's sikkern knife to kill the human, who was not a criminal at all, but an innocent page.",
"Rolph and Signy abandon Ulla and return to the sea.",
"They plan to claim the spell as their own work, casting Ulla as the murderer.An enraged Ulla calls a terrible storm, destroying both the human and sildroher palaces.",
"Rolph and Signy still rule, but their kingdom is lessened.",
"A monstrous Ulla continues to lurk near the lonely islands north of Fjerda, offering magical bargains to those who feel wronged."
],
[
"Background",
"''The Witch of Duva'' was written in 2012 and is the oldest story in the collection.The collection was published after the initial success of the ''Shadow and Bone'' trilogy and the ''Six of Crows'' duology.",
"In an interview with the ''Los Angeles Times'', Bardugo described the tales as \"the kind of stories that the characters in the Grishaverse books might have heard growing up.",
"\"''NPR'' notes that some of the stories in the collection are inspired by various traditional fairy tales.",
"''Ayama and the Thorn Wood'' is based on ''Beauty and the Beast''.",
"''The Witch of Duva'' is \"wrapped in the rags of Hansel and Gretel\", while ''The Solider Prince'' is \"''The Nutcracker'' if ''The Nutcracker'' were re-done by the writer's room at ''Westworld''.\"",
"In an interview with ''Grimdark Magazine'', Bardugo revealed that ''When Water Sang Fire'' was inspired by both the Hans Christian Andersen version of ''The Little Mermaid'' as well as the Disney version, and the \"space between those two versions of the story\".",
"In the same interview, she commented on her interpretation of fairy tales for the collection, stating \"Why should love be earned through a series of impossible tasks?",
"Why would a girl want to marry a king who had threatened to murder her if she couldn’t spin straw into gold?",
"...",
"Even when we’re kids, I think we pick up on the wrongness of some of these stories, and sometimes, the impulse is to sanitize or avoid them.",
"But that wrong, uncomfortable place is exactly where I wanted to go.\""
],
[
"Reception",
"A review for ''NPR'' praised the dark tone of the stories, calling them \"far more Grimm than Disney\" and stating that \"bad fairy tales sing 'Careful what you wish for' and 'Sometimes pretty isn't as important as smart' with choruses of cute mice and bluebirds.",
"But the good ones don't end before there's blood on the knife.\"",
"Reviewer Jason Sheehan also notes that \"All of Bardugo's stories have a coldness to them, actually, as if ... to make you remember ... that the world is a cruel place that breaks the young, the sweet and the innocent quickest of all\".",
"Adrian Collins of ''Grimdark Magazine'' noted that the collection is \"written beautifully in a dark fairytale style\".",
"''School Library Journal'' gave the collection a starred review.",
"In her review, Emma Carbone wrote that \"themes of feminism and empowerment color each story with heroes and heroines given the chance to choose their own fates and stir the pot, for better or worse\".",
"Jessie Ulmer of the ''Yakima Herald-Republic'' called it \"a lyrically and visually stunning collection\".",
"Ulmer also praised the accompanying artwork, writing that \"Kipin’s illustrations start small, but soon transform into intricate designs that grow with every turn of the page, encapsulating each story in a vibrant and ever-growing border.\""
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Rome, from the Vatican"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Rome, from the Vatican''''' is an 1820 history painting by the English artist J. M. W. Turner.",
"Turner painted it following his a lengthy trip to Italy and exhibited it at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition at Somerset House.",
"It commemorates the three hundredth anniversary of the death of the Renaissance painter Raphael.",
"Raphael is shown in the Vatican loggias in the company of La Fornarina overlooking the city of Rome.",
"Its longer title is '''''Rome, from the Vatican.",
"Raffaelle, Accompanied by La Fornarina, Preparing his Pictures for the Decoration of the Loggia'''''.Turner had recently paid a lengthy visit to Italy and had done extensive sketching around Rome.",
"He painted the work in eight to ten weeks after returning London in time to exhibit at the Royal Academy.",
"He chose to add Bernini's colonnades in St. Peter's Square although these were not constructed until the seventeenth century.",
"Shown around the artist are several of his masterpieces.It was part of the Turner Bequest in 1856 and is now in the Tate Britain's collection."
],
[
"See also",
"* List of paintings by J. M. W. Turner"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Hamilton, James.",
"''Turner - A Life''.",
"Sceptre, 1998."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"New England Knockouts"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''New England Knockouts''' are a professional baseball team based in Brockton.",
"The Knockouts compete in the Frontier League (FL), one of several independent baseball leagues throughout the United States and Canada that serves as a Major League Baseball Partner League.",
"They are member of the East Division.The Knockouts, founded in 2023, play their home games at Campanelli Stadium, a facility they share with the Brockton Rox of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League."
],
[
"History",
"The Frontier League announced late in the 2023 season that it would be placing a team in Brockton for the 2024 season to replace the Empire State Greys, a traveling team founded when the Southern Illinois Miners were disbanded after their owners retired.",
"The new team would be the first professional team in Brockton since the Rox, who were founded as a member of the former Northern League in 2002, left the Can-Am League following the 2011 season to become a collegiate league team.",
"A team naming contest was conducted shortly afterward, with five names chosen as finalists.",
"Of these, the most popular was ''New England Chowdahheads'' and the team initially selected it as their new moniker, announcing it on November 21, 2023.However, reactions from fans and local business leaders in the area were lukewarm at best; as such, the owners of the team reconsidered.",
"On December 15, they announced that they would be dropping the Chowdahheads name in favor of a name that was reflective of Brockton's history of producing championship caliber prizefighters such as Rocky Marciano and Marvelous Marvin Hagler; the team thus became the ''Knockouts''."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jón Baldursson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jón Baldursson''' (1952-2023) was a World Champion Icelandic bridge player.",
"He won the Bermuda Bowl in 1991 in Japan.",
"He remains the top masterpoint winner in Iceland.Jón is in the European Bridge Hall of fame in 2019."
],
[
"Bridge accomplishments",
"===Wins===* World Bridge Championships (3)** Bermuda Bowl (1) 1991 ** Generali World Masters Individual (1) 1994** World Bridge Federation Mixed Teams (1) 1996"
],
[
"Notes"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"National Self-Defence Front"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''National Self-Defence Front''' (, '''FNS'''), also known as the '''Polish National Front''' (, '''PFN''') was a Polish extreme nationalist political party active between 1994 and 1995.The party leader was Janusz Bryczkowski.",
"It was related to the skinhead subculture and recruited members of the subculture to its fascist military group.",
"It was founded by Bryczkowski after he was expelled from Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (, '''SRP''') after his unsuccessful attempt to oust the party's leader, Andrzej Lepper, from power.The FNS openly called for fascism and attracted media attention by its incendiary statements.",
"The organisation became particularly notorious in September 1995, when its members and sympathisers, forming a militia called the Polish Legion, took part in a 'cleansing' action in Legionowo, directed mainly against the homeless.",
"It resulted in two dead and around 30 wounded.",
"The perpetrators were sentenced to 25 and 15 years' imprisonment, and the police effectively dissolved the party by cracking down on its activitie and arresting its members.",
"It was promptly dissolved afterwards."
],
[
"History",
"The party was founded as a mutation of Wojciech Podjacki's National Polish Front.",
"The Polish National Front was established at the beginning of 1994 as the National Self-Defence Front, founded by a group of Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (SRP) activists in opposition to Andrzej Lepper, who were united by their activity in the Patriotic Association \"Grunwald\".",
"The Polish National Front was subordinated to the youth organisation Legion Polski, which carried out activities of a militant nature.After Lepper was arrested for participating in an illegal farmer strike, Bryczkowski attempted to oust him from the leadership of the SRP.",
"However, the move failed and Bryczkowski was expelled of the party, along with the small nationalist wing loyal to him.",
"After his expulsion, the SRP dismissed its right-wing supporters and gradually abandoned its big-tent anti-protest character in favour of becoming an established, far-left party.",
"The FNS aroused a lot of controversy, mainly due to the statements of its leader Janusz Bryczkowski (\"Democracy should be replaced by a dictatorship based on fascism, because nobody has come up with anything better\", \"I am a national socialist and I am taking up a fight against this Jewish system, which has not yet been dreamt of in this country\").",
"Vladimir Zhirinovsky came to Poland at the invitation of the party.The National Self-Defence Front ran in the 1993 Polish parliamentary election, winning 565 votes, which accounted for 0.01%.The biggest scandal related to the FNS took place in September 1995, when, after a camp on Lake Śniardwy, three activists of the Legion of Youth beat up about thirty homeless people in Legionowo, two of whom died.",
"The operation was called an \"action to purge the town of incomplete elements\" by the party, and sparked police crackdown on the activities of the FNS.",
"In 1998, the court sentenced two of the perpetrators to 25 and the third to 15 years' imprisonment.",
"The Legionowo event resulted in the Polish Legion activists being cut off from Bryczkowski and, consequently, in the dissolution of the party."
],
[
"Ideology",
"The party was described as a neofascist, Russophilic and a Pan-Slavic organisation.",
"The ideology of the party was mainly shaped by the statements of its leader Janusz Bryczkowski, who shocked the 1990s Polish public by statements such as \"Democracy should be replaced by a dictatorship based on fascism\" and \"I am a National Socialist and I am taking up a fight against this Jewish system that has not yet been dreamt of in the whole country\".",
"The party was trying to form an irregular fascist militias and recruited members amongst the skinhead community.",
"The activities of the party quickly came to an end following the Śniardwy incident, which sparked police crackdown on the organisation.The formulated program of the party argued that \"without fascism, automatons, gulags and death camps, our country will not move forward\" and that \"enslaving an individual for the good of society would not be reprehensible\".",
"Bryczkowski also stated that \"in order to establish legal order in Poland, one needs to execute a million people\".",
"The party promoted its acquaintance with Russian nationalists and defended anti-Polish statements of some far-right Russian nationalists such as Zhirinovsky.The party was pan-Slavist, and the leader of the party was accused of being an \"agent of Moscow\", to which he replied that he is one \"with pride\".",
"The party had contacts with fellow far-right parties in Russia, and arranged a heavily publicized meeting of its party members with Vladimir Zhirinovsky in 1994."
],
[
"See also",
"*Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland*Self-Defence of the Polish Nation*Patriotic Self-Defense*League of Polish Families"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Battle of Cabo Espichel (1180)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Battle of Cape Espichel''' took place in 29 July 1180 between the Portuguese and Almohad fleets off the coast of Setúbal.",
"The Portuguese left the battle victorious and it marked their first naval battle in history."
],
[
"Background",
"Due to the great maritime activity by the Almohads near the Portuguese coasts, Afonso I of Portugal decides to create a powerful fleet, appointing Fuas Roupinho to be its admiral.",
"At the time, Fuas was already a very respected Portuguese.",
"In 1179, he was Mayor of Coimbra and was at the Castle of Leiria when he heard about the presence, of the Moorish king of Mérida, Gamir.",
"He left the castle with his forces and attacked the Moors, who were defeated.",
"He then went, with King Gamir and almost the entire Moorish army captive, to Coimbra, where he was received with triumphant acclamations."
],
[
"The Battle",
"The Almohad fleet, led by Gamin ben Mardones, departed from Sevilla with the aim of attacking Lisbon once again.",
"The Portuguese, after receiving news of the attack, quickly put together a powerful fleet to try to combat the Muslim threat.",
"After some time, the two nations entered into direct combat.",
"The Portuguese sailors were inexperienced, after all it was their first naval battle.",
"However, their courage made up for the lack of experience and so they ended up managing to defeat the enemy, inflicting many losses, capturing several vessels and killing the Muslim commander."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"With victory assured, the Portuguese chased the Almohads to Algarve and then to Ceuta, where Fuas Roupinho captured more vessels in the harbour, doing great damage.After these great victories, Fuas Roupinho tried again to attack Ceuta in 1182, but this attempt did not go well for the Portuguese, where they ended up losing their admiral in combat."
],
[
"See also",
"*Battle of Silves (1182)*Portuguese conquest of Ceuta*Reconquista*Moroccan-Portuguese conflicts*Siege of Lisbon"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Ernst Krappe"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ernst Krappe''' (31 October 1891 – 12 May 1977) was a German lawyer, economics expert and Nazi Party politician who served as the chairman of the State Presidency of the Free State of Lippe in 1933."
],
[
"Early life",
"Krappe was born in Soest and graduated from the ''Gymnasium'' in Minden.",
"He then studied law, political science and economics at the University of Lausanne, the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Humboldt University of Berlin.",
"In 1914, he passed the ''Referendar'' state examination and began working as an apprentice lawyer.",
"At the outbreak of the First World War, he joined the Imperial German Army in August 1914, first seeing combat with a field artillery unit and then becoming an ''Ordonnanz'' (orderly officer) with Artillery Command 232.He served on both the western and eastern fronts, and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class.After the end of the war, Krappe resumed his legal studies.",
"In 1920, he received a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Breslau (today, the University of Wrocław).",
"Passage of the ''Assessor'' examination followed in 1921.Between 1921 and 1929, Krappe worked as an administrative lawyer in the Reich Finance Administration in Minden, Paderborn and Herford.",
"On 1 November 1929, he became a ''Regierungsrat '' (government councilor) and was appointed as head of the tax office in Lemgo."
],
[
"Nazi Party and political career",
"In 1929, Krappe joined the Nazi Party.",
"In 1931, he became the ''Gau'' economics advisor in Gau Westphalia-North based in Münster.",
"The following year, he advanced to the post of ''Gau'' Inspector and became a ''Gauredner'' (Gau orator) for economic issues.",
"In the July 1932 German federal election, Krappe was elected as a ''Reichstag'' deputy for constituency 17 (Westphalia North) but was not returned to office at the subsequent election in November of the same year.Seeking to reverse the decline in their electoral fortunes from November, the Nazis made a concerted effort to win the next state legislative election, which was scheduled in the Free State of Lippe for 15 January 1933.Monetary and manpower resources were invested in campaign propaganda, with Adolf Hitler himself delivered seventeen speeches there in eleven days.",
"When the election results came in, the Nazis had out-polled all other parties and increased their share of the vote from 34.7% to 39.5%.",
"Krappe secured a seat in the ''Landtag'' (state parliament), which on 7 February elected him as chairman of the three-member State Presidency, succeeding the Social Democrat, Heinrich Drake.",
"On 26 May 1933, however, Krappe stepped down from this office at his own request.",
"He was succeeded by Hans-Joachim Riecke.",
"In July 1933, Krappe became an ''Oberregierungsrat'' (senior government councilor) at the state tax office in Kassel, rising to the position of office director in July 1934.Little is known of his subsequent life, and he died in Minden in 1977."
],
[
"Written works",
"* ''Beiträge zur Lehre von der Notverordnung'' (1920).",
"(Dissertation)"
],
[
"See also",
"* Free State of Lippe"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* Ernst Krappe Biography in the ''Reichstag'' Database* Ernst Krappe Entry in the Westphalian History internet portal* Gonschior, Andreas: ''Der Freistaat Lippe Die Landespräsidien 1918–1933'' in ''Wahlen in der Weimarer Republik''* *"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Loo (river)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Loo''' () is a river in northwestern Caucasus, flowing through the city of Sochi of Krasnodar Krai, Russia.",
"Loo river flows from the Shakhan Mountain near the Verkhnerusskoe Loo settlement (Lazarevsky City District) to the Black Sea.",
"It is 13 kilometres long."
],
[
"Inhabited localities",
"*Sochi"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Sam Zuchero"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sam Zuchero''' is an American filmmaker from Topanga, California.",
"Together with husband Andy Zuchero, she is half of the filmmaking team \"The Zucheros.\"",
"They have been making art together since their teens.The Zucheros' first feature film, ''Love Me (2024 film)'', premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival in the U.S.",
"Dramatic Competition.",
"The film, starring Kristen Stewart and Steven Yeun, received the 2024 Alfred P. Sloan Prize, bestowed annually by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to \"an outstanding feature film focusing on science or technology as a theme, or depicting a scientist, engineer, or mathematician as a major character.\""
],
[
"Career",
"Zuchero's first feature film, ''Love Me (2024 film)'', is described as \"a sci-fi romance centered on a satellite and an ocean-bound buoy who become increasingly sentient and fall in love over the course of billions of years.\"",
"Production took place on location in Alberta, Canada; Vancouver, Canada; and the Dumont Dunes of California before shooting sections of the film on a soundstage.",
"For the sections on the soundstage, the Zucheros worked with production designer Zazu Myers to construct a circular set.",
"The score for the film was written by David Longstreth, the lead singer and guitarist for The Dirty Projectors.",
"''Love Me'' premiered at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival."
],
[
"Filmography",
"+YearTitleDirectorWriterNotesRef.2024''Love Me (2024 film)''YesYes"
],
[
"Accolades",
"+YearAwardNominated workResultRef.2024Alfred P. Sloan Prize''Love Me (2024 film)''Won"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Baum Baum"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''Baum Baum'''\" is a song by Argentine singer Lali, included on the deluxe edition of her fifth studio album ''Lali'' (2023).",
"The song was released as the album's tenth and final single overall on 12 December 2024.It was written by Lali, Galán, and its producer Mauro De Tommaso.",
"Its accompanying music video is featured in the short film ''Mi Fiesta'' along with another deluxe track, \"Corazón Perdido\"."
],
[
"Charts",
"===Weekly charts===+ Weekly chart performance for \"Baum Baum\" Chart (2023–2024) Peakposition Argentina Airplay (Monitor Latino) 9 Argentina Latin Airplay (Monitor Latino) 8 Argentina National Songs (Monitor Latino) 5"
],
[
"''Mi Fiesta''",
"'''''Mi Fiesta''''' is a 2023 short film directed by the Argentine singer and actress Lali and the Argentine filmmaker Lautaro Espósito.",
"It includes the music videos for Lali's songs \"Baum Baum\" and \"Corazón Perdido\" which belong to the deluxe version of her critically acclaimed fifth studio album ''Lali'' (2023).",
"The short film follows Lali and her journey through the realms of open relationships and partying, ultimately leading her to a state of emptiness.",
"Argentine actor Peter Lanzani and Spanish actor Jesús Mosquera make guest appearances in the short film.===Plot===The short film opens up with a close-up of Lali delivering a monologue about her \"vital conception of love\" while staring directly at the camera.",
"In her monologue, she says: The scene suddenly shifts to a wider shot of Lali wearing a green jacket in a press conference reminiscent to those held in Hollywood in the seventies and eighties akin to the style mirrored by a Gucci eyewear campaign in 2018.The voice of a reporter (Candela Vetrano) is heard inquiring Lali about her dating status and maternity plans.",
"Clearly annoyed, Lali laughs sarcastically, averts her gaze, and asks for the following question.",
"The scene then cuts abruptly to a rave, and \"Baum Baum\" starts playing.Hand in hand with her partner (Jesús Mosquera), Lali arrives at what appears to be a bustling gay bar filled with drag queens, people voguing in extravagant outfits and couples engaged in intimate moments.",
"Lali and Mosquera dance casually together and then the singer performs a choreography to the song's chorus of the song.",
"As the night progressess, both Lali and Mosquera start dancing with other people in the place while they stare at each other.",
"Eventually, they find themselves making out, only to be interrupted by a woman who kisses Lali.",
"Despite Mosquera's attempts to get back to Lali, he is dismissed.",
"When he departs, Lali follows him.",
"In the subsequent scene, two men enter a dressing room where Lali and Mosquera are embroiled in a heated argument.",
"He reproaches Lali for her actions, insinuating an agreement within their relationship, a claim vehemently denied by Lali, who questions his understanding of her.",
"Fueled by rage, Lali exits the room, returning to the dance floor.",
"The music resumes, and images of revelry and intimacy are interspersed with Lali's face displaying a worried expression.",
"The clip concludes with Lali standing still in the center of the dance floor while the party continues around her.Lali exits the bar, leans against one of its walls, and lets out a worried sigh.",
"Taking inspiration from Jeremy Allen White's character in ''The Bear'', a waiter (Peter Lanzani) hands Lali a cigarette.",
"She accepts it with her gaze fixed on him.",
"The waiter says to Lali: Lali expresses her gratitude, leaves, and as she departs, the waiter returns to the bar, and the melody of \"Corazón Perdido\" begins to play.The clip follows Lali through the streets of Buenos Aires with her face bearing a melancholic expression.",
"She is adorned in a black leather coat with her hair tied in a bun, reminiscent of her appearance on the cover of her album ''Lali''.",
"The sequence alternates between color footage of Lali navigating the streets and black-and-white images capturing her engaging in a free dance routine.",
"As the sun begins to rise, signaling the end of the night, Lali finds herself standing on a rooftop overlooking Buenos Aires's Obelisco.",
"Tears stream down her face, conveying a profound emotion.",
"The clip reaches its conclusion with Lali lying on the floor, curled up in a fetal position, overwhelmed by despair and emptiness."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Mo-Mamo Karerwa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mo-Mamo Karerwa''' is a Burundian educator, school administrator, and politician.",
"Trained as a teacher, when ethnic violence broke out in 1993, she founded the Magarama II Peace Primary School.",
"The curricula of the school, which taught students from the age two through sixth grade, followed the government mandated courses for half of the day and taught conflict resolution and how to live in peace for the remainder of the school day.",
"She developed a curriculum which taught children's rights and examined Burundian history and culture as a path to a peaceful future.",
"The curriculum was adopted by sixteen schools in the Gitega Province and she was appointed as the primary school teacher representative to the Provincial Education Council in 2003.In 2010, Karerwa was elected to the National Assembly as a representative of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (NCDD-FDD) party.",
"When the members were installed, she was unanimously elected as first vice president of the lower parliamentary house.",
"She was re-elected in 2015, but resigned when she was elected in 2017 to serve as one of Burundi's representatives in the 4th term of the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA).",
"EALA is a regional parliamentary body with representatives from Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.",
"She was elected to serve on the EALA commission, the administrative body for EALA for the 4th session and re-elected to both the EALA and the commission in 2022 for the 5th assembly."
],
[
"Early life and education career",
"Modeste Mo-Mamo Karerwa was a Hutu teacher living in Gitega, when the Burundian genocide broke out in 1993.As students in the past had been taught that the Tutsi people were a superior race than the Hutu people, she realized that the conflicts could not be resolved without bringing the two sides together.",
"She founded the Magarama II Peace Primary School, that year to change what children were being taught.",
"She traveled to Sweden in 1995 to seek help from Swedish Quakers.",
"Backed by Quaker missionaries, the school aimed to teach children how to live together peacefully.",
"Teaching 700 elementary students from 2-year-old preschool pupils to sixth grade, her students were taught the compulsory government curricula in the mornings and in the afternoon were given instruction on how Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa people should form peaceful relationships.",
"From the first grade, her students began learning about children's rights and held regular reviews with parents weekly.",
"Because many of the people had been forced to leave their homes and were living in internally displaced person camps or orphanages, Karerwa visited them to extend her peace education project.",
"She took groups of children with her to the camps, orphanages, and hospitals to teach them about sharing goods with others and had them perform songs and dramas for the internees.",
"Karerwa travelled with David Niyonzima, the General Secretary of Burundi Evangelical Friends Church to Durban, South Africa, in 1998, where they were featured speakers at the 17th International Peace Research Association General Conference.",
"Niyonzima spoke about the campaign to translate conflict resolution documents into the national language, Kirundi.",
"Karerwa discussed teaching children and their parents about the culture and history of Burundi within a framework that embraced a peaceful future.",
"Conference attendees discussed how the model that Niyonzima and Karerwa had developed could be transplanted to other places of conflict.",
"In 2003, Karerwa was appointed to serve on the Provincial Education Council by the governor of Gitega Province, as the representative for primary school teachers.",
"The government embraced the Quaker curriculum used by Karerwa and by 2008, she had 16 primary schools under her direction."
],
[
"Politics",
"In 2010, Karerwa was elected as one of the members of the National Assembly and subsequently unanimously elected as first vice president of the lower parliamentary house, succeeding Irene Inankuyo.",
"She was a member of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (NCDD-FDD) party.",
"In 2012, she was the featured speaker at the International Women's Day festivities in Gitega.",
"She spoke about the particularly difficult role of rural women in the fight against poverty and hunger.",
"She stated that the 2008 census confirmed that more women in the country were employed in agriculture than men, but that women were poorer because they received less training, and had no ability to control either the land or their production.",
"She spoke of the need for the government to focus on revising the family codes and agricultural use of land.",
"In 2014, she led Burundian delegation at the African Caribbean Pacific-European Union Joint Parliamentary Assembly held in Port Louis, Mauritius.",
"Among the issues discussed were regional economic integration, enhanced cooperation on transportation and digital connections, coordination of systems to stem terrorism and conflict, improvements in services and protection for women and children, and strengthening democracy and accountability with a focus on human rights.",
"She served on the ACP-EU Assembly's Commission of Economic Development, Financial and, Commercial Affairs co-chaired by Nela Khan (Trinidad and Tobago) and Derek Vaughan (Wales).Karerwa was re-elected for a second term in 2015.Among her appointments were to the commission which monitored regulations of the assembly, and vice president of the Committee on Social Affairs, Repatriation, Equal Opportunities and the Fight against AIDS.",
"When she was elected as one of the nine legislators representing Burundi for a five-year term in the regional East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) in 2017, she resigned her seat in the Burundian National Assembly.",
"The 4th EALA was inaugurated on 18 December with representatives from Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.",
"Karerwa served on the EALA commission for the 4th assembly, along with other women including (Rwanda), Josephine Lemoyan (Tanzania), and Wanjiku Muhia (Kenya).",
"The commission serves as the administrative body of the EALA, managing its business and agenda, as well as appointing members to its standing committees.",
"That term, she was part of a team of members of the EALA Parliament who visited Burundi and Rwanda in 2018 in an attempt to begin repairing the Burundi–Rwanda relations, which had been deteriorating for several years.",
"She was re-elected to a second term in EALA in 2022, and was re-elected to the EALA commission.",
"She also served on the Committee on Regional Affairs and Conflict Resolution."
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Bibliography=== **********************"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jon Pousette-Dart"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jon Pousette-Dart''' (born 1952) is an American musician who leads the Pousette-Dart Band."
],
[
"Career",
"In the 1960s, Jon had been a member of \"Tony and the Tigers\", that included Tony Fox and Hunt Sales, children to American comedian Soupy Sales.",
"In 1973, Pousette-Dart formed the soft rock group Pousette-Dart Band in Cambridge, Massachusetts.",
"They signed on to Capitol Records and are known for their albums \"Amnesia\" and \"Pousette-Dart Band 3\".",
"Their song \"For Love\" went to #83 on the Billboard Singles Chart in 1979.After a breakup in 1981 and a reunion in 1991, the Pousette-Dart band reformed in 2008, and the group is still active in 2024.Combined with both \"Pousette-Dart\" and solo, Jon has released over ten albums.",
"The song \"Fall on Me\" from the band's second album ''Amnesia'' was featured in the 11th episode of the second season of ''Lost''."
],
[
"Family",
"He was born in Suffern, New York in 1952 and is of Swedish descent.",
"His double barrelled surname came from his grandfather who added his wife's surname \"Dart\" to his when they wed on April 16, 1913.Jon's father, Richard Pousette-Dart, was an abstract artist, and his grandfather was painter Nathaniel Pousette-Dart."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Also",
"* Tony Fox Sales* Pousette-Dart Band*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Eduard Hartmann (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Eduard Hartmann''' (3 September 1904, Laxenburg, Austria – 14 October 1966, Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian politician and Governor of Lower Austria from 1965 until his death in 1966.He previously served as federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry from 1959 to 1964."
],
[
"See also",
"*List of governors of Lower Austria"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Nǎi Nai & Wài Pó"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Nai Nai & Wài Pó''''' is a 2023 documentary short directed by Sean Wang about his Chinese immigrant paternal and maternal grandmothers.",
"It was acquired by Disney for distribution, and premiered on Disney+ and Hulu on 9 February 2024."
],
[
"Summary",
"The film features Wang's paternal and maternal grandmothers, as he films them going about their daily lives."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Yi Yan Fuei as Nai Nai* Chang Li Hua as Wai Po"
],
[
"Accolades",
"It premiered at the 2023 SXSW Film Festival where it won both the Grand Jury and Audience Award for documentary shorts.",
"It also won the Grand Jury Prize at the AFI Fest 2023.In January 2024, it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film at the 96th Academy Awards."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Abbey of Saint-Vaast de Moreuil"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The abbey church as it appeared in 1915The '''abbey of Saint-Vaast''' (or '''Saint-Vast''') '''de Moreuil''' () was a Benedictine monastery in Picardy.",
"It was originally a hospice staffed by two or three monks.",
"The monastery chapel was founded by Bernard I, , in 1109 or 1119 and dedicated to the sixth-century saint-bishop Vedast.",
"At first a priory, it was raised to a full abbey in 1140 or 1150.The king had the right to name its abbot.The lords of Moreuil continued to be patrons of the monastery.",
"The illuminated Psalter–Hours of Yolande de Soissons, wife of Lord Bernard V, contains three celebrations for Saint Vedast: his feast (February 6), his ''relatio'', when his relics were carried in procession (July 15), and his ''translatio'', recalling the transfer of his relics (October 1).",
"Saint-Vaast de Moreuil served as the burial place of the family of the lords of Moreuil and later the Créquy family.",
"In 1574, Cardinal Antoine de Créquy left it a generous legacy.",
"The abbot by that time was ''crossé et mitré'', that is, entitled to wear episcopal vestments.",
"He had six monks under him.By 1709, the monastery had fallen on hard times and lead illegaly scavenged from the tombs was sold to pay debts.",
"The abbot was arrested and in 1711 one of the monks was sent to the galleys.",
"The monastery was transferred to the Congregation of Saint-Maur, about which there was litigation.",
"It continued as a parish church under the Congregation of Saint-Maur.",
"In 1772, it had an annual revenue of 5,000 ''livres'' and remitted 200 florins to Rome."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Melvin ZumBrunnen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Melvin ZumBrunnen''' (born May 27, 1941) is an American politician.",
"He served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives."
],
[
"Life and career",
"ZumBrunnen was born in Lusk, Wyoming.",
"He attended Niobrara County High School and the University of Wyoming.ZumBrunnen served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1983 to 1992."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"CNN Prima News"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''CNN Prima News''' is a Czech news channel belonging to the FTV Prima group.",
"It provides continuous Czech-language news on the basis of a partnership with CNN International Commercial (CNNIC).The channel started broadcasting on 3 May 2020 at 18.55.The first program was ''Hlavní zprávy'' (Main News) moderated by Pavel Štrunec and Veronika Kubíčková."
],
[
"About the channel",
"In addition to continuous news, the station broadcasts other programs throughout the day, seven days a week, and also provides news content to other channels and the online platform of the Prima group.",
"It is available in terrestrial broadcasting and in the offer of cable and satellite operators throughout the territory of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic; brings viewers both domestic and international news delivered by CNN Corporation.",
"Its headquarters in the Prague intelligence center is equipped with very modern technical facilities.",
"The station's studio covers almost 400 m2, the space is dominated by the presenter's desk with a built-in screen.",
"The studio is decorated in blue, red and white.",
"It is the only one in the Czech Republic with two floors.The station stated that it would broadcast world-class news, but according to a comment from the Internet magazine Lupa.cz the first evening broadcast was full of technological gadgets, but lacked its own content."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Vogue House"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vogue House''' is an office building in London.",
"The building was designed by Yates, Cook & Darbyshire, and was completed in 1958.Condé Nast had its offices in the building for over sixty years, and moved out of the building in 2023.Publications including ''The World of Interiors'' had their offices in the building.After the departure of Condé Nast, Eyal Ofer purchased the building for £75 million."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Pull Up (album)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Pull Up''''' is the fifth studio album by Dutch band Johan.",
"It was released on 13 April 2018.It was the first album released by the band in over eight years.",
"In 2009, after the release of 4, Johan originally disbanded, but they reunited again in 2018.",
"''Pull Up'' was called a comeback album by many in the Dutch press, and the album was well reviewed by critics."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Illosporiopsis christiansenii"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Illosporiopsis christiansenii''''' is a species of fungus which parasitizes lichen which is found in Europe and North America.",
"It was previously described as ''Hobsonia christiansenii.''"
],
[
"Description",
"''Illosporiopsis christiansenii'' can be identified by its bright pink conidia, approximately 0.5 - 1 mm across and 0.2 - 2 mm high, which contrast strongly with the lichen it parasitizes.",
"It is only known to reproduce asexually."
],
[
"Range",
"''Illosporiopsis christiansenii'' is found throughout Europe and North America."
],
[
"Habitat",
"''Illosporiopsis christiansenii'' parasitizes lichen, including ''Parmelia'', ''Physcia'' and ''Xanthoria''."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Meissen Speedway Stadium"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Meissen Speedway Stadium''' () is a motorcycle speedway stadium in Meissen, Germany.",
"The stadium is located on the eastern side of the town, on the Zaschendorfer Straße.",
"The Motorsportclub Meissen e.V use the facility."
],
[
"History",
"The speedway team MC Meissen won the 1965 East German Team Speedway Championship, when based at the track.The stadium was selected as the venue for a round of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1965 and for multiple qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship (the first in 1966).",
"Additionally, it hosted the semi-final of the 1969 Speedway World Pairs Championship.The stadium was the first speedway stadium to open in Germany during 2020, following the closure of all tracks during the COVID-19 pandemic."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"University of Santo Tomas Santa Rosa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''University of Santo Tomas Santa Rosa''' is an upcoming university in Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines.",
"It is one of the five campuses in the University of Santo Tomas System.",
"The new campus is envisioned to intensify the research activities of UST Manila by becoming a technological and innovative hub in Laguna."
],
[
"History",
"The campus was first inaugurated on April 19, 2006, which was led by then UST Manila rector Tamerlane Lana and attended by board member and tycoon Lucio Tan.The construction of the campus was delayed for several years by changes in the administration, the Quadricentennial Celebration from 2009 to 2012, and the prioritization of the projects in UST Manila.",
"A second groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 10, 2017, and led by then university rector Herminio Dagohoy."
],
[
"Campus",
"The UST Dr. Tony Tan Caktiong Innovation Center (UST-TTCIC) is the first completed building outside the UST Manila campus.",
"The design of the three-story structure was headed by Casas+ Architects' Carmelo Casas, a UST Manila alumnus.",
"The formal inauguration coincided with UST's 412th anniversary on April 28, 2023.The P100-million center will annex the Department of Science and Technology-TomasINNO Center, a technology business incubator based in the Manila campus.The UST Dr. William T. Belo Interdisciplinary Research Institute (UST-WiTBIRIn) is the second structure to be built in the campus.",
"It was named after Dr. Belo, an engineering alumnus of UST Manila, who founded the Wilcon Depot Inc.",
"The building was designed by JSLA Architects, an architecture firm founded by a university alumnus, Jose Siao Ling.",
"The UST-WiTBIRin is one of the three institutes that will constitute the UST Santa Rosa Research Complex (UST StaRRCo).",
"Its construction broke ground on January 26, 2024 and is expected to be finished in one or two years."
],
[
"See also",
"*University of Santo Tomas in Manila*University of Santo Tomas–Legazpi*University of Santo Tomas–General Santos City"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Wild Horse Hot Springs"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Wild Horse Hot Springs''' is located outside of the town of Hot Springs, in Lake County, Montana, United States.",
"Wild Horse was developed in 1913 when a well driller hit hot water, and has \"private plunges, but little else.\"",
"Wild Horse was originally known as '''Camp Aqua Bath House'''."
],
[
"History",
"In 1912, Molly Bartlett, a homesteader discovered the hot springs by accident while drilling a well for drinking water, washing and irrigation water.",
"Molly Bartlett, born Mary Hughes Smith, was a daughter of Robert B. Smith, the third governor of the state of Montana.In 1941 Bartlett raised monies for a project named the Montana Warm Water Project for Crippled Children to construct a polio treatment center for children named Camp Aqua.",
"A public resort was later built in the early 1980s funded by a Montana renewable energy grant.",
"The name was changed to Wild Horse Hot Springs in the early 1990s when the property changed owners and shifted from public to private.",
"It was further developed as a geothermal energy turbine site in 2012 by the Flathead Electric Cooperative."
],
[
"Description",
"There are 14 soaking pools at the rustic resort.",
"Camping cabins, RVs, tents and teepee-style lodging is available on site."
],
[
"Water profile",
"The hot springs are fed by the Mother Dragon geyser.",
"The mineral content of the water includes bicarbonate, calcium, carbonate, iron, manganese, magnesium, potassium, silica, sodium, sulfate, among others.The hot mineral water emerges from the source at to , and cooles to in the soaking pools and private plunges."
],
[
"Incidents",
"In 2013, Melvin Madplume Jr. raped and murdered his cousin Laurence Kenmille at the site.",
"Madplume was sentenced to life in prison without parole.",
"In 2020, a woman was found dead in one of the hot springs soaking pools."
],
[
"See also",
"*"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Urban Heat"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Urban Heat''' is a post-punk band from Austin, Texas.",
"It consists of frontman Jonathan Horstmann along with Kevin Naquin (beats, synths) and Paxel Foley (bass, synths).",
"Their single \"Have You Ever\" went viral on TikTok in 2022, and received the 2023 Austin Music Award for Best Song."
],
[
"History",
"Horstmann, a native of California, was raised in a conservative Christian family, and had little exposure to popular music growing up.",
"He moved to Austin in his 20s, where he had played in Austin-area punk and indie rock bands.",
"After the birth of his first child in 2019, he began writing songs using synthesizers, so he could write music with headphones on.",
"He had also recently been diagnosed with OCD and bipolar disorder, and become sober after a history of alcohol and drug addiction.",
"Although Horstmann had intended for a solo project, Naquin demanded they collaborate once he heard his demos.",
"Foley was then recruited to play bass.",
"Horstmann was familiar with Naquin and Foley from the Austin indie community: he met Naquin at a video shoot for the musician SORNE, and he and Foley were part of the same group of fixie riders.The band's progress was halted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas.",
"They were slated to play at the 2020 SXSW festival, which was cancelled.",
"Horstmann took his family to North Carolina to stay with in-laws for three months.",
"Despite the interruption, Urban Heat released six singles before their debut album, ''Wellness'', came out in 2022.The band played at SXSW and the Austin City Limits Music Festival in 2022.In 2023 they played SXSW again, the Cruel World Festival, and toured.Their album ''The Tower'' is planned to release in 2024."
],
[
"Discography",
"* ''Wellness'' (EP) (2022)* ''Goodbye Horses'' (single) (cover of Q Lazzarus) (2023)* ''The Tower'' (2024)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Gelduin of Anchin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Gelduin''' (died 1123) was a Benedictine monk who served as the third abbot of Anchin from 1102 to 1109.Gelduin was the brother of the castellan of Hesdin.",
"He became a monk at Saint-Vincent de Laon and then abbot of Saint-Michel en Thiérache.",
"Around 1090, he resigned as abbot and retired to the Abbey of Anchin.",
"In 1102, Abbot Haymeric died and the monks elected Gelduin to succeed him.",
"Gelduin introduced the Cluniac reform into Anchin.",
"In 1104 and 1105, he obtained bulls from Pope Paschal II confirming the monastery's spiritual and temporal jurisdiction, including over the priories of (founded 1088) and Hesdin (1094).",
"He wrote to Anselm of Canterbury concerning the right of his abbey to collect tithes.",
"Anselm's cautious response survives.In 1109, Gelduin retired a second time to live the speculative life in the Abbey of Saint-Bertin.",
"A monk named Robert was elected to succeed him, but he was unable to keep the peace in the monastery and the monks re-elected Gelduin in 1111.Gelduin refused to accept his election and appealed to Bishop , who forced the monks to elect another.",
"They chose Alvise, prior of Saint-Vaast d'Arras, as abbot.",
"Gelduin then moved to England, where he died in 1123."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"**"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Crno"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Crno''' may refer to:* Crno, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, a village near Novi Vinodolski, Croatia* Crno, Zadar County, a village near Zadar, Croatia* Lake Crno, a lake near Žabljak, Montenegro* Črno jezero, a lake near Triglav, Slovenia"
],
[
"See also",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Bobsleigh at the Winter Youth Olympics"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bobsleigh''' is one of the sports featured at the '''Winter Youth Olympics.'''",
"It has been part of the games since the inaugural edition in 2012."
],
[
"Medal summaries",
"=== Monobob ===Daniel Mayhew competing at the 2016 Games2016 Lillehammer 2020 Lausanne ''not awarded'' 2024 Gangwon === Two-boys ===2012 Innsbruck === Girls' events ====== Monobob ===2020 podium2016 Lillehammer 2020 Lausanne 2024 Gangwon === Two-girls ===2012 Innsbruck"
],
[
"Medal table",
":''As of the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.''"
],
[
"Participating nations",
"'''•''' = ''Did not compete in the sport'', '''×''' = ''the country did not participate in the Games'' Event 12 16 20 24 Years 2 2 • 1 3 • 2 1 2 3 4 4 2 2 4 × • 1 • 1 • • • 1 1 • 1 1 • 2 • • • 1 1 • • 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 6 4 2 2 4 4 • 1 • 2 × 1 × 2 2 2 • • • 1 2 • 2 2 3 • 1 2 • 2 2 • × • 1 4 • • • 1 • 1 1 • 2 • • 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 3 2 × 3 • 1 2 • 2 2 1 2 2 4 • • 1 • 1 • 1 • • 1 • 2 3 • 2 • • 2 • 1 × × • 2 1 × × × 3 1 2 1 2 3 4 ''Total athletes'' 36 30 36 30 ''Total countries'' 13 16 20 16"
],
[
"See also",
"* Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics"
],
[
"External links",
"* Youth Olympic Games"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Shout (short story)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Shout''''' is a supernatural short story by Robert Graves, completed in 1927 and first published in 1929.It tells the story of a young couple whose marriage is threatened by the intervention of a character with supernatural powers, including the ability to produce a shout that can kill all those around him.",
"It is informed by the circumstances in which it was written, Graves suffering at the time from neurasthenia as a result of his experiences in the First World War, and struggling with his relationships with his first wife, Nancy Nicholson, and the American poet Laura Riding.",
"''The Shout'' has been critically acclaimed: Richard Perceval Graves considered it his most successful short story, Christopher Isherwood called it \"sheer terror from beginning to end\", while for Martin Seymour-Smith it was a \"brilliant\" achievement, having a sense of urgency matched only by his ''I, Claudius'', ''Claudius the God'' and ''The White Goddess''.",
"It was filmed by Jerzy Skolimowski in 1978."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"At a lunatic asylum, the narrator acts as scoresman at a cricket match along with one of its inmates, Charles Crossley, a man who believes that his soul is split in pieces.",
"Charles tells him a story which he says is true.",
"It concerns Richard and Rachel, a young couple who awake one Sunday morning and tell each other the dreams they have just had.",
"Richard's dream was of walking in sandhills and conversing with a strange man about the whereabouts of the soul.",
"Rachel's was about the same man walking in the sandhills with Richard.",
"Richard takes a walk to the village church, and there meets a stranger who discusses the whereabouts of the soul with him and gives other signs of being the man in the dream, then mentions that he has spent 20 years with Australian Aborigines.",
"He gives his name as Charles and invites himself to dinner with Richard and Rachel, saying he has not eaten for days.",
"He claims that the Aborigines have taught him how to produce a shout which will kill, terrify or send mad everyone around him, and Richard cites parallels to this in Greek and Welsh mythology.",
"Charles duly comes to dinner, and when Richard, in Rachel's temporary absence, asks him to demonstrate the shout Charles agrees to do this the following morning.",
"He also steals Rachel's shoe-buckle.",
"Early the next day, without telling Rachel, they go to the nearby sandhills, which are deserted, and Charles explains that his shout is a supernatural, not a physical phenomenon.",
"Richard surreptitiously puts wax into his ears, so that when Charles finally produces his shout he only faints.",
"Recovering consciousness, he handles a stone and for a moment imagines himself to be a shoemaker, then flees back home.",
"He finds that Rachel, only just awakened, has had a nightmare in which she was \"pierced through and through with a beam of some intense evil light\".",
"Richard does not tell her about the shout, nor, when Charles returns to the house, does she tell Richard that she is now in love with their guest and not with him.",
"Richard still feels ill from his experience but Rachel is unsympathetic.",
"He goes to the cobbler's shop to buy a new buckle, and wonders whether he had handled the cobbler's soul in the shape of a stone.",
"Later, he returns to the sandhills and believes he can identify other people's souls in pebbles there.",
"When Charles leaves the young couple's home Rachel seems to recover her love for Richard, but later Charles returns and announces that he will sleep with Rachel that night.",
"\"Why, of course, my dear\", she says, and slaps Richard.",
"He meekly leaves the house, finds the stones, and breaks with a hammer the stone he thinks is his own soul.",
"Back home he finds that Charles has been arrested for the murder of two men in Australia, gone mad and been taken to the county asylum.",
"Richard and Rachel are reconciled and Charles Crossley's story ends.",
"Charles tells the narrator that he is now Richard but that he still has the fatal shout, which he angrily threatens to use.",
"The narrator runs away, but is thrown down by a great shock which he believes to be a thunderbolt.",
"Charles and the asylum doctor are both found dead, the doctor with his fingers in his ears.",
"When the narrator tells Richard and Rachel about Charles's death they are not greatly concerned, only remembering him as a conjurer whose show they once went to, which Richard had not enjoyed.",
"\"I couldn't stand the way he looked at you all the time\", he tells Rachel."
],
[
"Composition",
"''The Shout'' was completed in 1927, at a time when he and his first wife had become involved with Laura Riding.",
"All three had moved to Egypt for a few months, where both Graves and Riding were oppressed by a sense of being haunted, before returning to England.",
"He later stated that he had incorporated into ''The Shout'' several impressions from his own life in these years: a cricket match played at an asylum in Littlemore, the sandhills on the Welsh coast near Harlech \"with an added Egyptian cruelty\", and most seminally a few pebbles picked up in the Egyptian desert near Heliopolis from which he claimed he \"somehow had the story\".",
"Other elements came from his scholarly interest in Celtic folklore and legend."
],
[
"Publication",
"''The Shout'' remained in manuscript for some time, and when Graves eventually found a publishing house interested in it they stipulated that its length must be reduced from 8,000 words to 5,000.Graves agreed with reluctance, believing that the cuts were excessive, and the abridged story duly appeared in November 1929 under the imprint of Elkin Mathews & Marrot as a chapbook in an edition limited to 530 copies.",
"The unpublished longer version has since been lost.",
"Graves shortly afterward included ''The Shout'' in an \"accumulation\" called ''But It Still Goes On'', published by Jonathan Cape in November 1930.It later appeared in his collection ''Occupation: Writer'' (1950) and in his ''Collected Short Stories'' (1964).",
"''The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction'' reprinted it in April 1952 and again in May 1959.It has been widely anthologized, and translated into French and Russian."
],
[
"Themes",
"According to Graves' biographers, Richard and Rachel in the story represent Graves himself and his wife, Nancy.",
"For Miranda Seymour the character of Charles embodies the supernatural powers Graves believed Laura Riding had.",
"Martin Seymour-Smith, however, believed that Charles, and indeed all the principal male characters in the story, were aspects of the author's personality.",
"He believed the thesis of the story was that the poet, in practising his art, becomes a monster, while his beloved becomes \"tyrannous, capricious, cruel and sinister\": in fact, into a figure he was later to define in his book ''The White Goddess'' as the Muse.",
"The critic Ian Firla saw Richard and Rachel as representing the conventional, prosaic, middle class aspect of Graves and his wife, and Charles as representing magic and experience, while the narrator is Graves-the-interpreter who realizes that his poetic faculty might die.",
"The whole story, he considered, can be seen as a metaphor for the practice of writing poetry, in the way the psychiatrist W. H. R. Rivers had advised him to do: that is, as a therapeutic treatment intended to purge him of the psychological traumas he had suffered as a soldier in the First World War.",
"Graves himself acknowledged his identity with Richard, saying that the story had been written \"on the neurasthenic verge of nightmare\".",
"He came to believe that ''The Shout'' had been prophetic, the appearance of Charles anticipating the irruption into his life three years later of the Irish poet Geoffrey Phibbs, who had displaced him as Riding's lover."
],
[
"Adaptation",
"A film adaptation called ''The Shout'' was released in 1978, and the same year won the ''Grand Prix Spécial du Jury'' at Cannes.",
"It was directed and co-written by Jerzy Skolimowski, and starred Alan Bates, Susannah York, John Hurt, Robert Stephens and Tim Curry.",
"Based on Graves's story, it departs in significant ways from the original plot but, in Martin Seymour-Smith's view, successfully catches its atmosphere."
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"References",
"* * * * *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Fukushū o Koinegau Saikyō Yūsha wa"
],
[
"Introduction",
" is a Japanese light novel series written by Manimani Ononata and illustrated by Kōya.The novel was first published online by Ononata on Shōsetsuka ni Narō in October 2018, but was taken down shortly after due to the depiction of heavy violence.",
"Japanese publisher Shūeisha acquired the rights and began publishing the series in print in February 2019 and has three volumes released as of June 2022.A manga adaptation by Akira Sakamoto started in February 2019, with eleven volumes published as of December 2023.The story follows the hero Raoul Evans who defeated the demon lord but was sentenced to death for being falsely accused of a crime he did not commit.",
"In his last moments, he swore to take revenge on everyone who did him wrong."
],
[
"Premise",
"The hero Raoul Evans and his group were able to defeat the demon lord.",
"But instead of being praised as a hero, Raoul was imprisoned for a heinous crime.",
"He was accused of destroying his hometown village and slaughtering the people who lived there.",
"Victoria, the princess of kingdom Kurtz offered to spare his life if he is willing to marry her.",
"When he refuses this offer, Raoul was sentenced to death by being burned alive.",
"Short before his execution, Wendel Blackwood who faught alongside Raouls revealed to him, that he slaughtered Raouls hometown and pretended to be his friend to gain profit for his own.",
"Wendel also revealed to Raouls that Cristiana, the holy priest who was part of Raouls' group was also involved in the plan getting rid of the hero.In his last moments, Raoul swore that he will come back and take revenge on everyone who did him wrong before dying on pyre.The goddess of love who took a liking on Raoul and grants his wish to be reincarnated on earth.",
"But being reincarned comes with a price as reviving a dead person is against the law of the gods.",
"So she has to sacrifice parts of her body in order to revive Raoul on earth.",
"She also unleashes Raoul's dark powers.One year after the incidents which led to Raoul's death, princess Victoria is going to be married to a prince of a neighboring country against her will.",
"During the wedding ceremony Raoul who has disguised as a priest appeared and began slaughtering people around him.",
"In the process, Victoria has been wounded.",
"Sandra, the royal knight reveals that she and her knights were ordered to kill the people of Raoul's hometown.",
"Instead of killing Victoria, Raoul announces to come back to the castle once her wounds have healed.Meanwhile, Raouls starts his revenge against Victoria's underlings.",
"He kills general Brown, who had killed and eaten other people, alongside his wife and children, on professor Beneke and her research team who tests drugs on humans as well as on his former comrades Wendel and Cristiana.",
"The latter has been declared a witch and was burned to death.",
"Once Cristiana was killed, Raoul takes her cross and places it next to Victorias.",
"While doing so, he was hit by a magical arrow and killed by Theodorá, the younger sister of the demon lord.",
"Theodorá and Raoul worked together in the past to take revenge on Wendel and a slave trader who was torturing people from the demon kin.Once he arrived in the realm of goddess of love he asks her to bring him in front of the doors of hell.",
"The goddess who had sacrificed one arm when reviving Raoul grants his wish.",
"He meets up with Cristiana who is in belief to ascent to heaven for her duties done on earth.",
"Raoul can unwit her and take her to hell to show her that the people she had \"save\" have not ascended to heaven.",
"At the beginning, she was able to withstand his words but it changed when she witnessed her parents who committed suicide in front of her when she told them to do so, suffering in front of her.",
"Thinking of them being a delusion she realizes that the undead people are her real parents who have developed hatred towards her daughter.",
"Cristiana loses her temper and tries to attack Raoul with her magic only for her to realize that she can't use her powers in hell.",
"When Raoul shows Cristiana the real goddess of love who had lost her arm and one eye she denies her being the god she prayed to which causes her to lose her divine protection.As Raoul is unable to escape from hell, he decides to fight the god of hell as plans to kill the gods as well due for them to have forsaken him.",
"He orders the goddess of love to steal a magical weapon which is able to kill a god from the realm of the gods.",
"Raouls withstands the trials from the god of hell and force him to give up.",
"He reveals to the god of hell to kill him as he was the first one to had lost faith in the hero."
],
[
"Characters",
";: The former hero who defeated the demon lord.",
"Instead of being praised, he was imprisoned after being falsely accused for a crime he did not commit.",
"He was tortured, raped and drugged during imprisonment.",
": When princess Victoria offered to spare his life if he is willing to marry her, he refuses, he was sentenced to death by being burned alive.",
"In his last moments, he swears to take revenge on all those who did him wrong once he comes back to life.",
";Wendel Blackwood: Wendel is a mage and was a member of Raoul's group.",
"Both, Raoul and Wendel grew up together in the same village.",
"He befriended Raoul once he learnt of him being the hero.",
"In reality, Wendel only wanted to take profit from Raoul.",
": Once Raoul was imprisoned, he revealed that his acts were all made up and that he was the one who massacred their hometown.",
": When being revived, Raoul takes revenge on him by mind-breaking before killing him off.",
";: The holy saintess and former member of Raoul's group.",
"She uses her power to manipulate people doing the most heinous crimes in order to be \"saved\" and ascent to heaven.",
": She was the cause why people around Raoul begann to change drastically as well as general Brown's desire to eat humans or Wendel betraying the hero and killing his loved ones.",
": For misusing her powers, she was declared a witch and sentenced to death.",
";: Victoria is the selfish princess of the kingdom Kurtz.",
"She tries to mindbreak Raoul into marrying her.",
"Once her plan fails she sentenced Raoul to death.",
"After Raoul came back to life, he took revenge on her by showing the people of the kingdom her true nature which causes her to be stripped of the title of the princess.",
": Raoul crucifies her alive and let her body being eaten by various monsters while still being conscious.",
";Theodorá: The younger sister of the demon lord who was killed by Raouls.",
"She holds a grudge against the former hero.",
"Even though, both worked together temporarily to save her kin from a slave trader who was torturing and killing them for fun.",
": She is able to kill Raoul once when he placed Cristiana's corpse next to Victoria's."
],
[
"Media",
"=== Light novel ===Manimani Ononata published the first chapters of the novel on the online publishing platform Shōsetsuka ni Narō on October 12, 2018, but was taken down shortly after due to the drastic depiction of violence could violate against the guidelines of the platform.",
"In October 2018, the work ranked first on the page intern ranking.In February 2019, Japanese publisher Shueisha released the first volume of the novel under its D Novels imprint.",
"As of June 2022, three volumes have been published.",
"The novels were published in South Korea by publisher S Novel Plus.=== Manga ===On February 4, 2019, Ononata started publishing a manga adaptation on Shueisha's ''Dash X Comic'' section on the Nico Nico Seiga platform.",
"The illustrations were done by Akira Sakamoto based on the original character designs by Kōya, who illustrated the light novel.The first volume was published in print by Shueisha on September 19, 2019.As of December 2023, eleven volumes have been published in Japan.",
"French publisher Delcourt announced on March 25, 2022 to publish the manga in French language under the name ''The Brave Wish Revenging''.",
"Somy Media publishes the manga in South Korea starting in September 2022."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Joseph Marie de Pernety"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Joseph Marie de Pernety, born on 19 May 1766 in Lyon and died on 29 April 1856 in Paris, was a French general during the Revolution and the Empire."
],
[
"Biography",
"=== Youth and early career under the Ancien Regime ===The son of Maurice-Jacques Pernety, Receiver general for Lyon, and Françoise Gardelle.",
"He was educated at the military school of Tournon.",
"He entered the artillery school of Metz as an artillery midshipman on 1 June 1781, and on 1 June 1782 was a pupil at the same school.",
"Appointed lieutenant on 1 September 1783 to the La Fère artillery regiment, he was promoted to the Grenoble regiment and made first lieutenant in the corps on 17 June 1788.=== During the French Revolution ===Second-in-command in the 4th foot artillery regiment on 1 April 1791, he fought in the 1792 campaign in the Italian Army and was promoted on 1 February of that year to the command of a company in his regiment.",
"Pernety distinguished himself by his bravery and talents in the defence of Belvedere and the capture of Saorgio on 7 May 1794.In 1796, he was appointed director of the field for the siege of Mantoue and then commissioner for the purpose of receiving the artillery for this fortress.",
"He also took part in the battles of Bassano, Arcole and Rivoli.",
"During the latter, he had a horse killed beneath him and was promoted to battalion commander on the field.",
"Confirmed in this rank as a supernumerary, he moved to the 8th foot artillery regiment in the year VII (1798-99).",
"He was part of the Brest division that left in late 1796 for the expedition to Ireland, where he served as artillery commander under General Jean Hardy.",
"He was taken prisoner by the Royal Navy following an unsuccessful battle with the ship Le Hoche.Returning to France three months later, Pernety commanded the artillery of the Watrin division and took the first cannon \"to Mont Saint-Bernard\" on 18 and 20 May 1800.Along with Lieutenant Marion and four gunners, he relieved a caisson blocking the descent near Fort de Bard.",
"Pernety then took part in the battles of Casteggio and Marengo.",
"Following this encounter, the Austrians commissioned him to take charge of the artillery at Alexandria.",
"Made colonel of the 1st foot artillery regiment in Vendémiaire, Year XI (August/September 1802), he commanded the artillery that entered Switzerland under the orders of General Ney and served there without interruption until the end of Year XII (September 1804).=== General of the Empire ===Appointed a member of the Légion d'honneur on 19 Frimaire of that year, then an officer of the order on 25 Prairial, Pernety was raised to the rank of brigadier general on 1st February 1805 and served in the Grande Armée during the campaigns of 1805 to 1807.He was present at the battles of Ulm, Austerlitz and Jena, and directed the siege of Breslau with great talent and activity.",
"When General Vandamme converted the siege of the town of Neiss into a blockade in April 1807, due to the transfer of the artillery available in Silesia to Danzig, Pernety managed to assemble and train a small fleet of 20 guns at Schweidnitz with which the siege work could resume.==== Carl Friedrich Gauss ====After Jena, as the Grande Armée approached Brunswick, the home of Carl Friedrich Gauss, he was contacted by a family friend, the mathematician Sophie Germain, deeply concerned that Gauss might suffer the same death as Archimedes.",
"De Pernety took steps to ensure he was safe - though the explanation for this was met with a blank response from Gauss, who had never heard of a lady from Paris named Sophie Germain.",
"This slight confusion was clarified by Germain in a swift letter: \"General Pernety informed me that he made my name to you.",
"This leads me to confess that I am not as unkown to you as you may think, because, fearing the sense of ridicule associated with a female scientist, I previously preferred to adopt the name Monsieur Le Blanc to communicate to you those notes you had indulged me in reading...\"Awarded Commander of the Legion of Honour on 3 May and Major General on 11 July, he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Military Order of Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria by the King of Bavaria.",
"In 1809 Pernety commanded the artillery of the 4th corps in the army of Germany under the orders of Marshal Masséna, and had the necessary boat bridges built across the Danube to capture the island of Lobau.",
"After the battle of Essling, he took charge of the artillery on the island, which he surrounded with strong batteries.",
"During the battle of Wagram, Marshal Masséna publically praised General Pernety, who was created a Baron of the Empire and Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour on 21 July of the same year.French artillery during the retreat from Russia in 1812, by Wojciech Kossak.In 1810, after the peace, he carried out the mission of drawing the border between Austria and Bavaria, and on this occasion received the Grand Cross from Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria.",
"Commander of the artillery in Hamburg, he was replaced there on March 14, 1811 by Basile Baltus de Pouilly.",
"He then moved to the Grande Armée to take part in the Russian campaign in 1812.On September 5, 1812, he took charge of the Compans division, with 30 artillery pieces and marched along a treeline, turning the enemy's position.",
"He had the honor of starting the Battle of Borodino and contributing to the capture of the Russian redoubts with skillfully directed fire.",
"On the 25th of the same month, he took command of the artillery of the cavalry reserves and brought it back almost entirely to beyond the Berezina.",
"However, many men and horses fell victim to the cold.",
"On March 11, 1813, Pernety obtained second command of the artillery of the Grande Armée.",
"In this capacity he rendered important services at the battles of Lützen and Bautzen, so much so that he received the Grand Cross of the Order of Reunion on May 3.The battles of Dresden, Leipzig and Hanau allowed him to distinguish himself again.=== Bourbon Restoration ===Louis XVIII named him knight of Saint-Louis on June 27, 1814 and inspector general of artillery in Grenoble and Valence.",
"During the Bourbon Restoration in France, Pernety was director of artillery at the Ministry of War from October 1815 to August 1816, state advisor attached to the War Committee, viscount on February 12, 1817 and president of the artillery committee, member of the War Committee on April 9.The following year, the king made him inspector general of artillery and president of the Central Artillery Committee in his capacity as the most senior lieutenant general.",
"On May 1, 1821, he received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor.Placed on leave in 1824 and admitted to retirement as lieutenant-general on June 11, 1832, he was appointed peer of France on September 11, 1835.He sat relatively little in the Senate and lived in retirement when he was appointed senator under the Second Empire on June 19, 1854.His name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, on the south side."
],
[
"Published works",
"He is the author of a manuscript related to card games, a vademecum or guide for whist players, published in 1839."
],
[
"Tributes and honours",
"Names engraved on the 21st column of the triumphal arch.Order of the Legion of Honour:* Chevalier: 19 frimaire de l'an XII.",
"* Officer: 25 prairial of year XII.",
"* Commander: 3 May 1807.",
"* Grand Cross: 1 May 1821.",
"* Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit Maximilien-Joseph.",
"* Knight Second Class of the Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia).",
"* Pernety metro station, named after the rue Pernety, which pays tribute to the viscount who owned the land on which the street was built.",
"* The name \"PERNETY\" is engraved on the south side (21st column) of the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile in Paris."
],
[
"References",
"=== Bibliography ===* \"Joseph Marie de Pernety\", in Charles Mullié, Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, 1852.",
"* \"Pernety (Joseph-Marie, vicomte de)\", in Adolphe Robert and Gaston Cougny, Dictionnaire des parlementaires français, Edgar Bourloton, 1889-1891."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Blindekuh (film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Blindekuh''' (English: Blind man's mane) is a 1915 German silent film by Ernst Lubitsch.",
"The one-act comedy is one of the director's lost works."
],
[
"Plot",
"A woman desperately wants to prevent her daughter from marrying a man she doesn't like.",
"To this end, she gets engaged to her daughter's boyfriend.",
"However, she is outsmarted by the couple, who eventually find a way to be together."
],
[
"Production",
"This film was Lubitsch's first directorial work from 1914, but it did not premiere until 1915.The buildings in the film were designed by Kurt Richter.",
"The censors banned ''Blindekuh'' for young people in May 1915.The premiere took place on May 28, 1915, at UT Nollendorfplatz, UT Friedrichstraße, UT Kurfürstendamm and UT Alexanderplatz in Berlin."
],
[
"Criticism",
"The critics praised Lubitsch's \"often proven grotesque acting\" and wrote that the film \"became very funny thanks to Lubitsch's art\".",
"At the same time, however, the film was called “a bit drawn out”, adding that \"less would have been more here.”"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Siege of Aledo"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Siege of Aledo''' was one of the many battles in the conflict between the Almoravids and the Taifa kingdoms on one side, and the Kingdom of Castile on the other, in the Andalusian region."
],
[
"Background",
"In the second half of the 11th century, the taifa king al-Mu'tamid of Seville, who had pursued an aggressive policy of expansion against neighboring states arising from the decomposition of the Caliphate of Cordoba, found his own domains threatened when King Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile conquered Toledo in 1085.Just a year later, his troops captured the castle of Aledo led by the knight García Jiménez.",
"The control over Toledo and the occupation of Aledo were part of the Castilian-Leonese strategy to weaken the fragmented Muslim power.",
"The definitive fall of Toledo served as a significant blow, giving Christians renewed momentum in subduing southern territories.",
"While some taifas agreed to pay tributes, strengthening the economy of Christian kingdoms, others sought assistance from the Almoravids, a Berber dynasty.",
"The Almoravids landed in al-Yazira al-Jadra in 1086, defeating the Christians at the Battle of Sagrajas.",
"Despite this, the expedition led by Emir Yusuf ibn Tashufin chose to return to the Maghreb upon hearing of his son's death.",
"Aledo gained importance as an isolated Christian outpost in Islamic territory, challenging the surrounding taifas.",
"Castilian-Leonese forces instilled fear in the Murcian taifa population with daring raids on the orchards of Murcia and Orihuela, seizing control of the Guadalentín Valley and key Levantine communication routes.",
"The Andalusian principalities, concerned, once again sought the aid of the Almoravids."
],
[
"Battle",
"Yusuf ibn Tashfin responded to the calls of the Andalusians, and crossed the sea to the Algeciras in the spring of 1088, Ibn Tashfin called upon the Taifa kings to join him in fighting the Castilians.",
"They responded with their forces.",
"Then, he took the route to Malaga in eastern Andalusia.",
"Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad of Seville, Tamim ibn Buluggin of Malaga, Abdullah ibn Buluggin of Granada, Al-Mu'tasim ibn Samadih of Almeria, and Abdul Rahman ibn Rushayd of Murcia joined him, with the latter having seized power in Murcia from Ibn Abbad and incorporated it into their forces.",
"The Muslims laid siege around the fortress, where approximately 12,000 foot soldiers and 1,000 cavalrymen defended it persisting in their defense despite the Muslims' use of massive siege machinery.",
"The siege lasted for four months.",
"During the prolonged siege, the Muslims faced difficulties in breaching the impregnable fortress.",
"Amidst the siege, Ibn Abbad, son of Rashiq, lodged a complaint with Yusuf ibn Tashfin, accusing him of usurping Murcia and secretly collaborating with the king of Castile.",
"Yusuf sought the counsel of the jurists regarding the matter of Ibn Rashiq, and they issued a verdict condemning him.",
"Yusuf then ordered his commander Seer bin Abi Bakr to arrest and deliver Ibn Rashiq to Ibn Abbad The anger of Ibn Rashiq's commanders and his relatives led them to withdraw from the siege, cutting off support to Murcia's forces against the Muslims.",
"This disrupted the Muslim camp as Murcia was one of the closest cities to the fortress, impacting the Muslims' situation.",
"Ibn Tashfin received news of Alfonso VI's movement with his forces to relieve the fortress.",
"He then withdrew his forces to a location known as Tarbasa, abundant in water and dates, where he awaited the army of Alfonso VI However, Alfonso VI contented himself with relieving the fortress, and upon finding a high number of casualties among its defenders, he opted to evacuate, demolish, and set it ablaze.",
"Only around 100 cavalry and 1,000 foot soldiers remained of the defenders, prompting Alfonso VI to withdraw Similarly, Yusuf ibn Tashfin departed from Andalusia, returning to Morocco.",
"He left behind a force of 4,000 cavalry under the command of Dawoud ibn Aisha to protect Murcia and Valencia.",
"The Andalusian princes also returned to their respective lands."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Sasho Penov"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sasho Georgiev Penov''' is a Bulgarian attorney, university lecturer and politician who served as a caretaker Minister of Education and Science in two consecutive terms between 2022 and 2023.A political Independent, he was previously the Dean of the Faculty of Law at Sofia University between 2011 and 2019."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"High & Low (song)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''High & Low'''\" is a song written by Irish singer-songwriter Gemma Hayes and the first single release from the yet to be released sixth studio album.",
"The track was released on June 23, 2023."
],
[
"Background and release",
"The first single from Hayes' new album was expected to be released in September 2022.The original track was to be \"A Reminder of Another\".",
"However, due to ongoing delays with production and recording of the album, the label and management decided to delay any release until June 2023.Further, the debut single was changed to \"High & Low\".",
"The song was co-produced with Dave Odlum.",
"It features Sam Killeen on electric guitar and Adam Marcello on drums.Hayes stated the song is ultimately \"about feeling disconnected—but desperately wanting to connect\"."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"Despite the nine year hiatus since Hayes's prior release, Jonathan Currinn stated that \"High & Low\" \"was worth the wait\" and referred to the song as an \"amazing heartfelt ballad\" that \"empowers the feeling of yearning for a connection\".Claire O'Neill, writing for ''Hot Press'', called the song \"softly stunning ... with rippling harmonies and a beckoning call beyond ... complimented by the melding sounds of guitar, piano and ukulele\".",
"''When the Horn Blows'' said the song \"is a beautifully accessible folk composition that immediately engages and transports through to its melodic, story-book lyrics and hypnotising strings.\"",
"They further called Hayes \"assured and emotionally transcendent\" as she \"exudes an air of sure-footedness and confidence, creating a compelling listening experience.\""
],
[
"Music video",
"The music video was directed by Allyn Quigley and filmed on location on a beach in Whiting Bay, Co. Waterford, Ireland.Jonathan Currinn noted that the video's choreography \"connects amazingly with the song\", concluding that the video's \"concept is beyond amazing\".",
"Similarly, ''Earmilk'' noted that the \"contemplative music video ... elevates the introspective nature of the track within cinematic visuals.\""
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2001 Telus Canadian Open"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2001 Telus Canadian Open''' curling men's Grand Slam tournament was held December 13–16, 2001 at the Peace Memorial Multiplex in Wainwright, Alberta.It was the very first Grand Slam event ever, with the Slam series beginning that season.",
"The event featured a purse of $100,000 with the winning team receiving $30,000.Telus was brought on as a sponsor in late November.",
"It was originally planned to feature 32 teams, but was reduced to 24 due to the reluctance of some tour teams to boycott playdowns for the Brier, due to an ongoing dispute between the World Curling Players Association and the Canadian Curling Association.",
"Local teams were added to the event at the last minute with the promise of not having to boycott playdowns.",
"The semifinals and final were televised on Sportsnet.",
"The final pitted Wayne Middaugh of Midland, Ontario against Jeff Stoughton from Winnipeg.",
"Middaugh won the match 8–7.The event was seen as a success for the fledgling tour.",
"World Curling Tour executive director Chad McMullan (who also competed in event) indicated that the event had near-sellout crowds.",
"It also saw a television audience of 250,000, more than twice the average for 10 events Sportsnet aired the previous season, and not far behind the 369,000 average viewership of the 2001 Nokia Brier which aired on rival TSN."
],
[
"Teams",
"Teams included 13 of the top 25 teams on the World Curling Players Association ranking system, as well as five local teams.",
"Notable absences were Russ Howard (due to family health problems), Bert Gretzinger and Greg McAulay.",
"Teams that did not boycott the Brier (Randy Ferbey, John Morris and Guy Hemmings) were deemed ineligible."
],
[
"Format",
"The event was a 24-team triple-knockout competition."
],
[
"Knockout brackets",
"=== A Event ===Scores:=== B Event ===Scores:=== C Event ===Scores:"
],
[
"Playoffs",
"The playoff bracket was as follows:===Final==="
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Event site"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Badri Narayan (writer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Badri Narayan''' (born 5 October 1965), is an Indian social historian and professor based in Allahabad, India.",
"He is associated with the G.B.",
"Pant Social Science Institute.",
"He has been recognized as a Fellow of the Maison des Sciences de L'Homme, Paris, and has received the Fulbright Senior Fellowship (2004-05) and the Smuts Fellowship, University of Cambridge (2007).",
"He was awarded Sahitya Academy Award 2022 for Hindi for his poetry collection ‘Tumdi Ke Shabd’."
],
[
"Literary works",
"* * * * * * * *"
],
[
"References",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Gleeds"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Gleeds''' is a UK based, global multi-disciplinary consultancy, operating primarily in the built environment.",
"They offer services including business investment advice, commercial and contract management, programme & project management, property & asset management.Gleeds is a registered Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors member."
],
[
"History",
"Gleeds was founded in 1885 by architect Richard Gleed and was one of the first independent practices specialising in quantity surveying services and have now been trading for almost 140 years.",
"Richard Gleed opened his first Gleeds physical practice in London in partnership with Arthur Belcher followed by his two sons Percival Gleed and Herbert Alexander Gleed.in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Gleeds had an active role in advising how the Building Cost Information Service, an indices on elemental costs for construction services in the U.K. (originally owned by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors) should set out and display their cost information.",
"They proposed to change the format of the Standard Form of Cost Analysis by introducing \"functional elements\" and therefore had an active impact in how construction cost data is recorded and visualised.Gleeds launched its operations in Canada in 2017 focussing on energy, infrastructure, commercial and industrial sectors.As of 2023, Gleeds are targeting to expand into the United States market."
],
[
"Services",
"Gleeds separate their operations into 4 distinct divisions:===Advisory===* Dispute Advisory* Due Diligence & Funders Representative* Taxation, Grants & Insurance===Commercial and Contract Management===* Benchmarking & Auditing* Cost Management & Quantity Surveying* Procurement Advice* Project Controls* Shutdowns & Turnarounds* Whole Life Value & Value engineering===Programme and Project Management===* BIM & Information Management* Business Case Development* Development Management* Investment & Estates Strategy* Project management* Risk management* Utilities===Property and Asset Management===* Building Surveying* Health & Safety* Operations & Facilities Management* Quality Inspections* Sustainability* Strategic Planning"
],
[
"Notable Projects",
"Gleeds had been working on the Crossrail infrastructure project since 2010.In 2018, Gleeds were appointed for quantity surveying services for the £30m Nottingham Castle restoration project.",
"The Castle reopened in 2021.In 2020, Gleeds along with Atkins were hired to keep a control on HS2 following spiralling costs.Gleeds were actively undertaking building surveying services for the 2023 United Kingdom reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete crisis.In 2023, Gleeds were awarded a position on Homes England technical consultants framework worth £200,000,000.In 2023, Gleeds were awarded a position on NHS Shared Business Services construction consultants framework worth £1,600,000,000.In 2023, Gleeds were awarded a contract with the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority to provide cost and programme management services to assist with the clean up and decommissioning of 17 sites in the U.K.In 2023, Gleeds were awarded a procurement, commercial and cost-management contract for the United Kingdoms Nuclear Fusion programme Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production."
],
[
"Office locations",
"Gleeds have a worldwide presence with offices in:=== Europe ===* Czech Republic* France* Germany* Hungary* Ireland* Italy* Poland* Portugal* Romania* Slovakia* Spain* Ukraine* United Kingdom (Global Headquarters)=== Americas ===* Canada* Peru* United States=== Middle East and Africa ===* Egypt* Qatar* Saudi Arabia* United Arab Emirates=== Asia Pacific ===* Australia* China* Hong Kong* India* Singapore* Vietnam== References =="
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Oblivious pseudorandom function"
],
[
"Introduction",
"An '''oblivious pseudorandom function''' (OPRF) is a cryptographic function, similar to a keyed-hash function, but with the distinction that in an OPRF two parties cooperate to securely compute a pseudorandom function (PRF)."
],
[
"Definition",
"Specifically, an OPRF is a pseudorandom function with the following properties:* The parties compute: '''O''' = OPRF('''I''', '''S''')* The first-party (''the client''), knows the ''input'' ('''I''') and learns the ''output'' ('''O''') but does not learn the ''secret'' ('''S''')* The second-party (''the server''), knows the ''secret'' ('''S'''), but does not learn either the input ('''I'''), nor the output ('''O''').",
"* The function has the same security properties as any cryptographically secure pseudorandom function:** It is hard to find two inputs with the same output (i.e.",
"it is collision resistant)** It is hard to invert (i.e.",
"it is resistant to preimage attacks)** It is hard to distinguish the output from true randomnessThe function is called an ''Oblivious'' Pseudorandom Function, because the second-party is ''oblivious'' to the function's output.",
"This party learns no new information from participating in the calculation of the result.However, because it is only the second-party that holds the secret, the first-party must involve the second-party to calculate the output of the pseudorandom function (PRF).",
"This requirement enables the second-party to implement access controls, throttling, audit logging and or other security measures.__TOC__"
],
[
"History",
"While conventional Pseudorandom Functions computed by a single party were first formalized in 1986, it was not until 1997 that the first two-party Oblivious Pseudorandom Function was described in the literature, but the term \"Oblivious Pseudorandom Function\" was not coined until 2005 by some of the same authors."
],
[
"Applications",
"OPRFs have many useful applications in cryptography and information security.These include password-based key derivation, password-based key agreement, password-hardening, untraceable CAPTCHAs, password management, homomorphic key management, and private set intersection.An OPRF can be viewed as a special case of homomorphic encryption, as it enables another party to compute a function over an encrypted input and produce a result (which remains encrypted) and therefore it learns nothing about what it computed.=== Password-based key derivation ===Most forms of password-based key derivation suffer from the fact that passwords usually contain a small amount of randomness (or entropy) compared to full-length 128- or 256-bit encryption keys.",
"This makes keys derived from passwords vulnerable to brute-force attacks.However, this threat can be mitigated by using the output of an OPRF that takes the password as input.If the secret key used in the OPRF is high-entropy, then the output of the OPRF will also be high-entropy.",
"This thereby solves the problem of the password being low-entropy, and therefore vulnerable to cracking via brute force.This technique is called ''Password-Hardening''.",
"It fills a similar purpose as key stretching, but password-hardening adds significantly more entropy.Further, since each attempt at guessing a password that is hardened in this way requires interaction with a server, it prevents an offline attack, and thus enables the user or system administrator to be alerted to any password-cracking attempt.The recovered key may then be used for authentication (e.g.",
"performing a PKI-based authentication using a digital certificate and private key), or may be used to decrypt sensitive content, such as an encrypted file or crypto wallet.=== Password-authenticated key exchange ===A password can be used as the basis of a key agreement protocol, to establish temporary session keys and mutually authenticate the client and server.",
"This is known as a ''Password-Authenticated Key Exchange'' or PAKE.In basic authentication, the server learns the user's password during the course of the authentication.",
"If the server is compromised, this exposes the user's password which compromises the security of the user.With PAKE, however, the user's password is not sent to the server, preventing it from falling into an eavesdropper's hands.",
"It can be seen as an authentication via a zero-knowledge password proof.Various 'augmented forms' of PAKE incorporate an Oblivious Pseudorandom Function so that the server never sees the user's password during the authentication, but nevertheless it is able to authenticate the client is in possession of the correct password.",
"This is done by assuming only the client that knows the correct password, can use the OPRF to derive the correct key.An example of an augmented PAKE that uses an OPRF in this way is ''OPAQUE''.Recently, OPRFs have been applied to password-based key exchange to back up encrypted chat histories in WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger.",
"A similar use case is planned to be added in Signal Messenger.=== Untraceable CAPTCHAs ===A CAPTCHA or \"Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.\"",
"is a mechanism to prevent automated robots or (bots) from accessing websites.",
"Lately, mechanisms for running CAPTCHA tests have been centralized to services such as a Google and CloudFlare, but this can come at the expense of user privacy.Recently, CloudFlare developed a privacy-preserving technology called \"Privacy Pass\" This technology is based on OPRFs, and enables the client's browser to obtain passes from CloudFlare and then present them to bypass CAPTCHA tests.",
"Due to the fact that the CloudFlare service is oblivious to which passes were provided to which users, there is no way it can correlate users with the websites they visit.",
"This prevents tracking of the user, and thereby preserves the user's privacy.=== An improved password manager ===A password manager is software or a service that holds potentially many different passwords on behalf of the a single user.Access to the password manager, is thus highly sensitive.",
"If it is a service, and that service is attacked, it could expose many of that user's passwords to the attacker.By using an OPRF, however, passwords for an individual site can be derived from a single master password, without the service being in a position to learn either the user's master password, nor any of the derived passwords produced from it.The first proposal for a password maanger based on OPRFs was SPHINX.An OPRF is used by the Password Monitor in Microsoft Edge.=== A homomorphic key management system ===Similarly to securing passwords managed by a password manager, an OPRF can be used to enhance the security of a key management system.For example, an OPRF enables a key-management system to issue cryptographic keys to authenticated and authorized users, without ever seeing, learning, or being in a position to learn, any of the keys it provides to users.=== Private set intersection ===Private set intersection is a cryptographic technique that enables two or more parties to compare their private sets to determine which entries they share in common, but without disclosing any entires which they do not hold in common.For example, private set intersection could be used by two users of a social network to determine which friends they have in common, without revealing the identities of friends they do not have in common.",
"To do this, they could share the outputs of an OPRF applied to the friend's identity (e.g., the friend's phone number or e-mail address).The output of the OPRF cannot be inverted to determine the identity of the user, and since the OPRF may be rate-limited, it will prevent a brute-force attack (e.g., iterating over all possible phone numbers)."
],
[
"Implementations",
"There are various mathematical functions that can serve as the basis to implement an OPRF.For example, methods from asymmetric cryptography, including elliptic curve point multiplication, Diffie–Hellman modular exponentiation over a prime, or an RSA signature calculation.=== EC and conventional Diffie–Hellman ===Elliptic Curves and prime order fields can be used to implement an OPRF.",
"The essential idea is that the first-party (the client), must cryptographically ''blind'' the input prior sending it to the second-party.This blinding can be viewed as a form of encryption that survives the computation performed by the second-party.",
"Therefore, the first-party can decrypt what it receives from the second-party to \"unblind\" it, and thereby receive the same result it would have received had the input not been blinded.When the second-party receives the blinded input, it performs a computation on it using a secret.",
"The result of this computation must not reveal the secret.For example, the second-party may perform a point multiplication of a point on an elliptic curve.",
"Or it may perform a modular exponentiation modulo a large prime.The first-party, upon receipt of the result, and with knowledge of the blinding-factor, computes a function that removes the blinding factor's influence on the result returned by the second-party.",
"This 'unblinds' the result, revealing the output of the OPRF, (or an intermediate result which is then used by the client to compute the output of the OPRF, for example, by hashing this intermediate result).==== Sample OPRF protocol ====The following is pseudocode for the calculations performed by the client and server using an elliptic curve based OPRF.===== Client-side calculation =====The following code represents calculations performed by the client, or the first-party.byte computeOPRF(byte input) { // Apply point-hashing algorithm // For example, as described in RFC 9380 ECPoint hashedPoint = hashToPoint(input); // Generate a random blinding factor Scalar b = randomScalar(); // Blind the input via a curve multiply ECPoint blindedInput = ECMultiply(hashedPoint, b); // Send request to server to obtain response ECPoint serverResponse = sendRequest(blindedInput); // Compute multiplicative inverse of b Scalar inverse = modInverse(b); // Unblind the response to produce the result ECPoint result = ECMultiply(serverResponse, inverse); // Hash the unblinded result to complete OPRF calculation return hash(result);}Notes:The client computes the multiplicative inverse of the blinding factor.",
"This enables it to reverse the effect of the blinding factor on the result, and obtain the result the server would have returned had the client not blinded the input.As a final step, to complete the OPRF, the client performs a one-way hash on the result to ensure the OPRF output is uniform, completely pseudorandom, and non-invertible.===== Server-side calculation =====The following code represents calculations performed by the server, or the second-party.The server receives the ''blinded input'' value from the client, and may perform authentication, access control, request throttling, or other security measures before processing the request.",
"It then uses its own secret to compute:ECPoint processRequest(ECPoint blindedInput, Scalar secret) { // Apply secret to compute the response ECPoint response = ECMultiply(blindedInput, secret); return response;}It then returns the response, which is the blinded output, to the client.Notes:Because the elliptic curve point multiplication is computationally difficult to invert (like the discrete logarithm problem, the client cannot feasibly learn the server's secret from the response it produces.Note, however, that this function is vulnerable to attacks by quantum computers.",
"A client or third party in possession of a quantum computer could solve for the server's secret knowing the result it produced for a given input.=== RSA blind signatures ===When the output of a blind signature scheme is deterministic, it can be used as the basis of building an OPRF, e.g.",
"simply by hashing the resulting signature.This is because due to the blinding, the party computing the blind signature learns neither the input (what is being signed) nor the output (the resulting digital signature)."
],
[
"Extensions",
"The OPRF construction can be extended in various ways.",
"These include: verifiable, partially-oblivious, threshold-secure, and post-quantum secure versions.=== Verifiable OPRF ===Many applications require the ability of the first-party to verify the OPRF output was computed correctly.",
"For example, when using the output as a key to encrypt data.",
"If the wrong value is computed, that encrypted data may be lost forever.Fortunately, most OPRFs support verifiability.",
"For example, when using RSA blind signatures as the underlying construction, the client can, with the public key, verify the correctness of the resulting digital signature.When using Elliptic Curve or Diffie-Hellman based OPRFs, then knowing the public key ''y = gx'', it is possible to use a second request to the OPRF server to create a zero-knowledge proof of correctness for the previous result.=== Partially-oblivious PRF ===One modification to an OPRF is called a partially-oblivious PRF, or P-OPRF.Specifically, a P-OPRF is any function with the following properties:* The parties compute: '''O''' = POPRF('''H''', '''E''', '''S''')* The first-party (''the client''), knows the ''hidden input'' ('''H''') and the ''exposed input'' ('''E''') and learns the ''output'' ('''O''') but does not learn the ''secret'' ('''S''')* The second-party (''the server''), knows the ''secret'' ('''S'''), and learns the ''exposed input'' ('''E'''), but does not learn either the ''hidden input'' ('''H'''), nor the ''output'' ('''O''').The use case for this is when the server needs to implement specific throttling or access controls on the exposed input ('''E'''), for example, ('''E''') could be a file path, or user name, for which the server enforces access controls, and only services requests when the requesting user is authorized.A P-OPRF based on bilinear pairings was used by the \"Pythia PRF Service\".Recently, versions of P-OPRFs not based on pairings have appeared, such as a version standardized in the IETF RFC 9497.as well in a more recent improvement.=== Threshold implementations ===For even greater security, it is possible to thresholdize the server, such that the secret ('''S''') is not held by any individual server, and so the compromise of any single server, or set of servers below some defined threshold, will not expose the secret.This can be done by having each server be a shareholder in a secret sharing scheme.",
"Instead of using it's secret to compute the result, each server uses it's ''share'' of the secret to perform the computation.The client then takes some subset of the server's computed results, and combines them, for example by computing a protocol known as ''interpolation in the exponent''.",
"This recovers the same result as had the client interacted with a single server which has the full secret.This algorithm is used in various distributed cryptographic protocols.=== Post-quantum secure implementations ===Finding efficient post-quantum secure implementations of OPRFs is an area of active research.",
"\"With the exception of OPRFs based on symmetric primitives, all known efficient OPRFconstructions rely on discrete-log- or factoring-type hardness assumptions.",
"These assumptions are known to fall with the rise of quantum computers.",
"\"Two possible exceptions are lattice-based OPRFs and isogeny-based OPRFs, but more research is required to improve their efficiency and establish their security.",
"Recent attacks on isogenies raise doubts on the security of the algorithm.A more-secure, but less-efficient approach to realize a post-quantum secure OPRF is to use a secure two-party computation protocol to compute a PRF using a symmetric key construction, such as AES or HMAC."
],
[
"See also",
"* Random oracle* Pseudorandom function family* Oblivious transfer* Secure multi-party computation* Cryptographic protocol* Homomorphic encryption"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Virgil Boyd"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Virgil Edward Boyd''' (July 8, 1912 – February 16, 2011) was an American automobile executive who was president of the Chrysler Corporation from 1966 to 1970 and vice chairman from 1970 to 1972."
],
[
"Early life",
"Boyd was born July 8, 1912, on a farm near Benton, Kansas and grew up outside of Blencoe, Iowa.",
"He grew up close to poverty and his father lost his farm during the Great Depression.",
"Boyd graduated from the American Business College in Omaha, Nebraska in 1931 and went to work in the accounting department of the General Motors Acceptance Corporation."
],
[
"Career",
"===Nash/AMC===In 1937, Boyd joined Nash-Kelvinator as manager and comptroller of its Omaha branch office.",
"In 1944, he became manager of the company's central office in Detroit.",
"From 1947 to 1954, he owned and operated dealerships in Sioux City, Iowa and Alliance, Nebraska, first selling Nash vehicles, then switching to Buicks.",
"In 1954, Nash-Kelvinator merged with the Hudson Motor Car Company to form the American Motors Corporation and Boyd was named special assistant to the company's executive vice president, George W. Romney.",
"In 1956, he was appointed general sales manager of AMC's Hudson division.",
"Later that year he was named field sales manager for Hudson, Nash, and Rambler.",
"In 1961, he succeeded Roy Abernethy as vice president in charge of automotive sales.===Chrysler===In 1962, Lynn A. Townsend took over as president of Chrysler Corporation amid a conflict of interest scandal and lagging sales.",
"Soon thereafter, he brought Boyd on as vice president and general sales manager.",
"He was the company's number three officer behind chairman George H. Love and Townsend.",
"Under Boyd's leadership, Chrysler more than doubled its sales, going from 719,933 vehicles sold in 1961 to 1,612,321 in 1965.Its market share grew from 10.8% to 15.7% during that same time.",
"The number of Chrysler dealerships grew from 5,600 to 6,600 under Boyd.In 1966, Boyd was promoted to president, with Townsend becoming chairman and remaining chief executive.",
"In 1968, Chrysler had its best sales year to date, which Townsend credited to Boyd's work.",
"Sales dropped sharply the following year and in January 1970, Boyd was removed as president and named to the newly created post of vice chairman, a role that centered around civic and consumer affairs.",
"He retired from Chrysler on September 30, 1972.===Other work===Outside of the automotive industry, Boyd was a trustee of Grace Hospital, chairman of the board of trustees of Alma College, and a director of Parke-Davis and the Budd Company."
],
[
"Later life",
"Boyd and his wife retired to Arizona, residing first in Litchfield Park then in Sedona.",
"Boyd died on February 16, 2011, in Sedona."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Tali Golergant"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Tali Golergant''' (; born 1 July 2000), known mononymously as '''Tali''', is an Israeli-born Luxembourgish singer, songwriter, actress and vocal coach.",
"She is set to represent Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song \"Fighter\"."
],
[
"Early and personal life",
"Golergant was born in Israel to a Peruvian Jewish father and an Israeli mother.",
"Following her father's work, she moved with her family across Chile, Argentina and other countries, until finally settling in Limpertsberg, Luxembourg, where she resided for ten years.",
"She began playing the piano at the age of 7, and began singing, songwriting and acting in theatre at the age of 12.She was educated at the International School of Luxembourg, before moving to New York City to study musical theatre at Marymount Manhattan College.",
"She lives there .Golergant is fluent in English, Hebrew and Spanish, and is able to communicate in French and German."
],
[
"Career",
"Golergant released her debut single at the age of 16, followed in 2021 by her debut EP ''Lose You''.",
"Along with her own band, she toured local New York venues including Rockwood Music Hall, Mercury Lounge, Arlene's Grocery, and Delancey Street.",
"In addition, Golergant pursued a career as a stage actress, portraying Tzeitel in ''Fiddler on the Roof'', Sue Snell in ''Carrie'', and Éponine in , among others; she has also starred in the independent short film .In December 2023, Golergant was revealed as one of the eight finalists of the ''Luxembourg Song Contest'', the national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024.It was later revealed on 9 January 2024 that she would perform the song \"Fighter\".",
"She went on to win the selection, earning the right to represent the country at the contest.",
"She’s the first Luxembourgish Eurovision contestant since 1993."
],
[
"Artistry",
"Golergant describes her music as a blend of pop, indie and R&B.",
"She cites Lizzy McAlpine, Sara Bareilles and Lady Gaga among her influences."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Feed the Flames"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''Feed the Flames'''\" is the second single release by Irish singer-songwriter Gemma Hayes, released January 25, 2024.It will appear on her sixth studio album release in mid-2024."
],
[
"Background",
"\"Feed the Flames\" is the second single from Gemma Hayes's new album, which is expected to be released in mid-2024.Promoting the new single, Hayes explained that the song was influenced by the film ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?",
"'', saying:I originally began writing the song after watching ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf'' with Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton.",
"Knowing a bit about their relationship off screen I was really taken by the depth of their connection, it was a living, breathing fire.",
"What I got from delving into their relationship is that you can love something or someone so much only for your human fallibility to come along and destroy it.The song was co-produced with Dave Odlum and features back-up vocals and song writing credits from Lisa Hannigan."
],
[
"Release",
"\"Feed the Flames\" peaked at number 10 on the Irish iTunes chart upon release.",
"It received airplay on RTÉ Radio 1 and was featured on their recommended new songs playlist.",
"It also received airplay on 8Radio and RTÉ 2XM."
],
[
"Music video",
"The \"Feed the Flames\" music video was filmed on location at Baltimore in West Cork, Ireland and was produced by the Wonder Brothers."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2023–24 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders women's basketball team''' represents Middle Tennessee State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Blue Raiders, led by 19th-year head coach Rick Insell, play their home games at Murphy Center in Murfreesboro, Tennessee as members of Conference USA."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Blue Raiders finished the 2022–23 season 28–5, 18–2 in C-USA play to finish as C-USA regular season champions.",
"As the #1 seed in the C-USA tournament, they defeated #9 seed Charlotte in the quarterfinals, #4 seed UTEP in the semifinals, and #2 seed Western Kentucky to win the C-USA tournament championship to earn the conference's automatic bid into the NCAA tournament.",
"They received the #11 seed in the Seattle Regional 4, where they would lose to #6 region seed Colorado in the first round."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" Exhibition Non-conference regular season C-USA regular seasonC-USA tournamentSources:"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2021 Kristiansund BK season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2021''' season was '''Kristiansund BK''' 18th season in existence and the club's fifth consecutive season in the top flight of Norwegian football.",
"In addition to the domestic league, Kristiansund BK participated in this season's edition of the Norwegian Football Cup."
],
[
"Players",
"===First team squad===''For season transfers, see transfers winter 2020–21 and transfers summer 2021.",
"''=== Out on loan ==="
],
[
"Transfers",
"===Winter==='''In:''''''Out:'''===Summer==='''In:''''''Out:'''"
],
[
"Competitions",
"===Eliteserien=======Results summary========Results by round========Matches========Table=======Norwegian Football Cup==="
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"St. Nicholas Church Square"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Panorama of St. Nicholas Church Square from RitterstrasseThe '''St.",
"Nicholas Church Square''' (in German: ''Nikolaikirchhof'') is a square in the city center of Leipzig, Germany.",
"The St. Nicholas Church stands on it.",
"The church and square have particular significance for the Peaceful Revolution of 1989.==Location and development== The square is bordered in the east by Ritterstrasse and in the west by Nikolaistrasse.",
"That's why only properties on its north and south sides have the address Nikolaikirchhof.",
"On the north side is the renovated building of the ''Alte Nikolaischule'' (in English: Old school St. Nicholas) with the Museum of Antiquities of Leipzig University, a Richard Wagner museum considering his childhood and youth and the ''Gasthaus Alte Nikolaischule'', with outdoor seating in the summer.",
"The second building on the north side is the ''Predigerhaus'' (House of the preachers), built in 1886/1887 according to plans by Hugo Licht.Of the approximately by square, around 40% is taken up by the St. Nicholas Church itself.",
"The church stands on the southern half of the square, so that there is only a square on its north side; to the south there is only about the width of the street.",
"Of the commercial buildings adjacent to the south, only one is part of St. Nicholas Church Square.",
"The rest are continuous properties from Grimmaische Strasse.The view of the Nikolaikirchhof is limited to the east on Ritterstrasse by the university guest house on the site of the former booksellers' exchange (''Buchhändlerbörse'') and the ''Geschwister-Scholl-Haus'', and to the west on Nikolaistrasse by ''Specks Hof'' and the Motel One.== History == The history of the square next to the church probably goes back to the church construction that began in the twelfth century.",
"The city charter from 1165/1216 referred to the settlement east of Reichsstrasse (Via Imperii).",
"With St. Nicholas Church as the center, it formed another settlement focus in early Leipzig, which was a little further to the southeast than the \"Urbs Lipzi\".",
"Saint Nicholas was the patron of the merchants who settled here.",
"In terms of the quarterly division of the city area within the city wall, the St. Nicholas quarter (Nikolaiviertel) roughly corresponds to the Grimmaisches Quarter.As far as the St. Nicholas Curch Square is concerned, there is evidence that the school St. Nicholas ''(Nikolaischule)'' was built in 1512 after the demolition of a previous house.",
"In 1573 a Renaissance fountain was created at the west end of the square, which was replaced by a new fountain in 1657.This is no longer present in pictures from the 19th century.By the end of the 19th century, the north side of the square had been built up with a front of three-story houses for at least 200 years.",
"A residential and commercial building on the western corner was followed by the Nikolaischule, which was only combined with the corner house during the last renovation, which can still be seen in the window structure.",
"Then followed the priest's house, which were replaced by the ''Predigerhaus''.",
"Nikolaikirche Leipzig 1592.jpg|1592 Nikolaikirchhof 1695.jpg|1695 Nikolaikirchhof 1749.jpg|1749 Nikolaikirchhof 1860.jpg|1860The St. Nicholas Church Square acquired particular importance in connection with the events of the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 in Leipzig.",
"In September 1989, the clashes between demonstrators and the state came to a head following the Monday peace prayer in the St. Nicholas Church in the Church Square, as the Monday demonstration was supposed to be nipped in the bud.",
"Most of the arrests took place in the St. Nicholas Church Square until the decisive demonstration took place on 9 October 1989.== Memorial monuments to the Peaceful Revolution == In view of its importance for the peaceful revolution of 1989, several memorial monuments were erected in the St. Nicholas Church Square.A tall column was erected on the east side of the square in 1999.It is a replica of the columns within the church and symbolizes how the ideas of departure were carried from the church into the public space.",
"The palm fronds at the top of the column represent the peacefulness of the goals.",
"The column is part of the design with which the Leipzig artist Andreas Stötzner won an international competition to design the square organized by the Leipzig Cultural Foundation ''Kulturstiftung Leipzig'' and the city in 1992.The column was made by the Leipzig sculptor Markus Brille.",
"Two-thirds of the funding comes from donations from citizens, companies and institutions.The column includes a memorial plaque embedded in the pavement of the square, also made by Brille, with the inscription “09 OCTOBER 1989” and numerous shoe prints depicting the demonstration.A fountain and a light installation followed in 2003 with the support of the Foundation ''Stiftung Lebendige Stadt''.",
"The fountain was designed by the Berlin branch of David Chipperfield Architects.",
"A bowl made of granite from Lausitz with a diameter of filled to the brim with water symbolizes the political situation in the GDR in 1989, in which “every drop could be the last straw”.For the light installation “Public Light” by the artists Tilo Schulz and Kim Worterlkamp, 144 lighting elements are embedded in the pavement of the square, which are switched on randomly in the colors blue, green and magenta within three hours after dark.",
"These points of light represent coming together for a peaceful assembly.",
"Nikolaisäule Leipzig.jpg|The column St. Nicholas Platte 9.Oktober.jpg|Board „09 OKTOBER 1989“ Nikolaibrunnen Leipzig.jpg|The fountain St. Nicholas Nikolaibrunnen voll.jpg|The fountain filled with water Nikolaikirchhof Lichter.jpg|The light installation"
],
[
"Literature",
"*"
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Shall We All Commit Suicide?"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Churchill in the 1920s (or end of 1910s), painted by James Guthrie soon after World War I.",
"'''\"Shall We All Commit Suicide?\"'''",
"is an essay about the inexorable development of technology written by Winston Churchill.",
"It was originally published in ''The Pall Mall Magazine'' on 24 September 1924.In the essay, Churchill says that technology was advancing faster than humans could learn to protect themselves from its use for war and domination.",
"With World War I having ended a few years before, he focuses on the potential damage in a future war, speculating on technological advancements that might result in \"a bomb no bigger than an orange\" that could \"blast a township at a stroke\".His reference to a future atomic bomb may have been inspired by the science-fiction writings of H. G. Wells."
],
[
"Related works",
"He published two other essays on broad societal themes around the same time.",
"The essay \"Mass Effects in Modern Life\" decried the connection between mass production and Bolshevism.",
"The essay \"Fifty Years Hence\" predicted the rise of totalitarian fascist states that valued power more than intelligence and intelligence far more than morality."
],
[
"See also",
"* Winston Churchill as writer"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* .",
"Chapter 18: \"Shall We All Commit Suicide?",
"\".",
"Chapter 19: \"Mass Effects in Modern Life\".",
"Chapter 20: \"Fifty Years Hence\"."
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Thomas Mackaman"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Thomas Mackaman''' (born 1975) is a historian and member of the Socialist Equality Party.",
"He is a professor of history at Kings College in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.",
"Mackaman is noted for his writing and interviews with prominent historians challenging the New York Times' 1619 Project, first published on the World Socialist Web Site."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Mackaman attended University of Minnesota for his BA in history.",
"He earned his PhD in history at the University of Illinois.",
"While at Illinois, Mackaman won awards for undergraduate teaching from the university.",
"In 2023 he was named John H.A.",
"Whitman Distinguished Service Professor.",
"Mackaman's ''New Immigrants and the Radicalization of American Labor'' was published in 2017.Mackaman has written on labor history, immigration history, and American history.",
"He is active in public labor history, serving on the Anthracite Heritage Foundation and helped secure a historical marker for the 1919 Baltimore Mine Tunnel disaster."
],
[
"1619 Project Controversy",
"After the publication of the New York Times’ 1619 Project, Mackaman conducted interviews with a number of noted historians, including James McPherson, Gordon S. Wood, James Oakes, Clayborne Carson, and Richard Carwardine.",
"The interviews, which asserted that the 1619 Project had committed conceptual and factual errors, drew significant media attention and were attacked on social media by project creator, Nikole Hannah-Jones.",
"The interviews, along with essays by Mackaman, David North, and other writers, were assembled in a book, ''The New York Times and Racialist Falsification of History''."
],
[
"Socialist Equality Party",
"Mackaman ran for state legislature in Illinois in 2004 as a Socialist Equality Party candidate in the 103rd District covering the Champaign-Urbana area.",
"The state Democratic Party attempted to keep his name off the ballot by challenging the veracity of petitions, but the state election board ruled against the Democrats’ claims.",
"Mackaman won 3.52% of the vote, while Democrat Naomi Jakobsson was returned to the Illinois House of Representatives.Mackaman has written extensively for the World Socialist Web Site, especially on topics related to American history."
],
[
"Works",
"*''The New York Times’ 1619 Project and the Racialist Falsification of History'' (2021) *''New Immigrants and the Radicalization of American Labor, 1914-1924'' (2017) *''Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation''*''40 Years since the PATCO Strike''*''Thirty Years Since the PATCO Strike''"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Viktor Prášil"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Viktor Prášil''' (born 29 July 1987) is a Czech sound engineer.",
"He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film ''All Quiet on the Western Front''."
],
[
"Selected filmography",
"*''All Quiet on the Western Front'' (2022; co-nominated with Frank Kruse, Markus Stemler, Lars Ginzel and Stefan Korte)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Great Vacation"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Great Vacation''''' is the sixth studio album by Dutch rock band Johan.",
"It was released on 26 January 2024, and received good reviews by critics.",
"Like all of Johan's music, it was released on the Excelsior Recordings label.",
"The album was delayed numerous times due to the COVID-19 pandemic and then a glut of releases by the record label.",
"The album was the first of the bands releases that wasn't exclusively written by Jacco de Greeuw.",
"All songs were written by him and guitarist Robin Berlijn."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Charts",
"+ Chart performance for ''The Great Vacation'' Chart (2024) Peakposition"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Harry W. Hunt"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Harry William Hunt''' (September 14, 1883 — June 10, 1966) was a businessman who was an alderman on Toronto City Council in the 1920s and 1930s and twice ran for Mayor of Toronto in 1935 and 1936.Hunt was born in Hamilton, Ontario in 1883 and was a factory worker and loan company inspector until opening his own store in 1912.The business became the Hunt Candy Company, a confectionary manufacturer and retail chain, and later Hunt's Ltd.",
"He also owned the Savarin Tavern.He was first elected alderman for Ward 3 in Toronto's downtown in the 1922 Toronto municipal election.",
"He was defeated in 1923 but returned to office in 1924 and continued as the ward's alderman for until he ran for mayor in 1935.Hunt had earlier announced his candidacy for mayor for the 1931 election but withdrew his nomination in favour of William James Stewart.A Conservative, he was endorsed for the 1935 election by all of Toronto's newspapers except for the ''Toronto Daily Star'' which endorsed socialist James Simpson who was supported by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and defeated Hunt by 3,500 votes.",
"Liberal-aligned J. George Ramsden came third.",
"During the election campaign, Hunt warned that the election of a CCF mayor would be a \"tragedy\" for the city.Hunt ran again the following year losing to former mayor Sam McBride, with Simpson coming in third place.",
"Hunt attributed his loss to the \"Protestant forces\" being divided between himself and Mayor Simpson (who, though a socialist, was also vocally anti-Catholic), while the \"Catholic vote\" supported McBride.When he died in 1966, he left an estate of over half-a-million dollars."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Danielle Walker"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Danielle Walker''' may refer to:* Danielle Walker (politician) (born 1976), American politician and activist* Danielle Walker (writer) (born 1985), American food writer* Danielle Walker (comedian), Australian comedian and actor"
],
[
"See also",
"* Daniel Walker (disambiguation)"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Pancho McFarland"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Louis \"Pancho\" McFarland''' is an American scholar who specializes in Chicano culture, particularly food and music.McFarland was raised in Raton, New Mexico, and graduated from Colorado College in 1991.He is of Mexican descent, and visited Mexico while attending college.",
"In 2002, he was assistant professor of sociology at University of Colorado Colorado Springs.",
"Ca.",
"2006 he became a professor of sociology at Chicago State University.",
"Since 2008 he is the executive director of the Green Lots Project, an organization active in the decolonial food movement."
],
[
"Publications",
"===Monographs===*''Chicano Rap: Gender and Violence in the Postindustrial Barrio'' (University of Texas Press, 2008) *''The Chican@ Hip Hop Nation'' (Michigan State University, 2013) *''Toward a Chican@ Hip Hop Anticolonialism'' (Routledge, 2017)===Edited collections===*''Mexican-Origin Food, Foodways and Social Movements'' (University of Arkansas Press, 2017)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Olen Zellweger"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Olen Zellweger''' (born September 10, 2003) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the San Diego Gulls of the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL).",
"He was drafted in the second round, 34th overall, by the Ducks in the 2021 NHL Entry Draft."
],
[
"Early life",
"Zellweger was born in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta."
],
[
"Playing career",
"Zellweger was selected by the Everett Silvertips of the Western Hockey League (WHL) in the second round of 2018 prospect draft.",
"He made his debut with the Silvertips at the age of 16 during the 2019–20 season.",
"He played in 148 games for Everett registering 28 goals and 103 assists.",
"He won the Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy as WHL defenceman of the year in 2021–22, marking the first time a Silvertips player won that trophy.He was drafted by the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) in the second round, 34th overall, of the 2021 NHL Entry Draft.",
"Zellweger signed a three-year entry level contract with the Ducks on August 13, 2021.Later that season he would make his professional debut with the San Diego Gulls, the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the Ducks, playing a single playoff game and recording one assist.For the 2022–23 season, Zellweger returned to the Everett Silvertips of the WHL.",
"On January 8, 2023, Zellweger, along with Ryan Hofer were traded to the Memorial Cup hosting Kamloops Blazers in exchange for four players and ten draft picks.",
"Though the Blazers were eliminated from the Memorial Cup, Zellweger was named to the tournament's all-star team.",
"He would go on to win his second Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy at the end of the year, the sixth Blazer to win the trophy.",
"He was named to the Canadian Hockey League's (CHL) First All-Star team alongside Blazers' teammate Logan Stankoven, and CHL Defenceman of the Year.For the 2023–24 season, Zellweger again joined the San Diego Gulls, where he was named to the AHL All-Star Game.",
"On January 23, 2024, Zellweger was called up to the Anaheim Ducks.",
"He made his debut that night recording one assist in a win over the Buffalo Sabres."
],
[
"International play",
"Zellweger was selected to play for Team Canada for the initial 2022 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships that took place beginning in December 2021.However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was postponed until August with all statistics from the games played in December to be erased.",
"(Zellweger scored once in the two games he played).",
"In the new tournament in August, Zellweger was an important cog in Team Canada's gold medal win, being named to the tournament's all-star team.",
"He made Team Canada again for the 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships which went on to win the country's 20th gold medal in the tournament."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===Regular season and playoffs==='''Bold''' indicates led leagueRegular seasonPlayoffs Season Team League GP G A Pts PIM GP G A Pts PIM 2018–19 Everett Silvertips WHL 1 0 0 0 0 — — — — — 2019–20 Everett Silvertips WHL 58 2 10 12 8 — — — — — 2020–21 Everett Silvertips WHL 11 2 11 13 2 — — — — — 2021–22 Everett Silvertips WHL 55 14 64 78 23 6 2 7 9 4 2021–22 San Diego Gulls AHL — — — — — 1 0 1 1 0 2022–23 Everett Silvertips WHL 23 10 18 28 12 — — — — — 2022–23 Kamloops Blazers WHL 32 22 30 52 28 14 11 18 29 10WHL totals 180 50 133 183 73 20 13 25 38 14===International=== Year Team Event Result GP G A Pts PIM 2019 Canada Red U17 5th 5 0 2 2 2 2021 Canada U18 7 1 7 8 2 2022 Canada WJC 7 2 9 11 2 2023 Canada WJC 7 0 6 6 4 Junior totals 26 3 24 27 10"
],
[
"Awards and honours",
" Award Year RefCHL CHL Defenceman of the Year 2023 First All-Star Team 2023 Memorial Cup All-Star Team 2023 WHL Bill Hunter Memorial Trophy 2022, 2023 US First All-Star Team 2022 BC First All-Star Team 2023"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"2024 Qatar TotalEnergies Open"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Qatar TotalEnergies Open''' was a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts.",
"It was the 22nd edition of the WTA Qatar Open, and a WTA 1000 tournament on the 2024 WTA Tour.",
"It took place at the International Tennis and Squash complex in Doha, Qatar, from 11 to 17 February 2024."
],
[
"Finals",
"===Singles===* '''Iga Świątek''' def.",
"Elena Rybakina 7–6(10–8), 6–2===Doubles===* '''Demi Schuurs''' / '''Luisa Stefani''' def.",
"Caroline Dolehide / Desirae Krawczyk, 6–4, 6–2"
],
[
"Point distribution",
"'''Event'''WFSFQFRound of 16Round of 32Round of 64QQ2Q1 Singles1000650390215120651030202 10"
],
[
"Singles main-draw entrants",
"===Seeds=== Country Player Rank1 SeedIga Świątek11Coco Gauff32Elena Rybakina53Ons Jabeur64Zheng Qinwen75Markéta Vondroušová86Maria Sakkari97Jeļena Ostapenko118Barbora Krejčíková129Beatriz Haddad Maia1310Daria Kasatkina1411Liudmila Samsonova1512Veronika Kudermetova1613Ekaterina Alexandrova1914Caroline Garcia2115Emma Navarro2316*1 Rankings are as of 5 February 2024 ===Other entrants===The following players received a wildcard into the singles main draw:* Paula Badosa* Anna Kalinskaya* Emma Raducanu* Zeynep SönmezThe following player received entry using a protected ranking:* Naomi OsakaThe following players received entry from the qualifying draw:* Erika Andreeva* Danielle Collins* Magdalena Fręch * Nao Hibino * Ashlyn Krueger * Greet Minnen * Bernarda Pera * Diana ShnaiderThe following players received entry as lucky losers:* Viktoriya Tomova* Martina Trevisan===Withdrawals===* Barbora Krejčíková → replaced by Martina Trevisan* Karolína Muchová → replaced by Linda Nosková* Jessica Pegula → replaced by Kateřina Siniaková* Aryna Sabalenka → replaced by Peyton Stearns* Elina Svitolina → replaced by Viktoriya Tomova"
],
[
"Doubles main-draw entrants",
"=== Seeds === Country Player Country Player Rank1 SeedHsieh Su-weiElise Mertens31Gabriela DabrowskiErin Routliffe112Nicole Melichar-MartinezEllen Perez233Barbora KrejčíkováLaura Siegemund294Demi SchuursLuisa Stefani295Lyudmyla KichenokJeļena Ostapenko336Storm HunterAlycia Parks357Chan Hao-chingGiuliana Olmos468* Rankings are as of 5 February 2024===Other entrants===The following pair received a wildcard into the doubles main draw:* Mubaraka Al-Naimi / İpek ÖzThe following pair received entry as alternates:* Tereza Mihalíková / Linda Nosková=== Withdrawals ===* Barbora Krejčíková / Laura Siegemund → replaced by Tereza Mihalíková / Linda Nosková"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Andrew Kaplon"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Andrew (I) from the kindred Kaplon''' (; died 1302/1307) was a Hungarian nobleman at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, who served as ''ispán'' of Ung County in 1273.He is ancestor of several noble families, including the illustrious Sztáray (Sztárai) family."
],
[
"Ancestry and career",
"Andrew was born into the Nagymihály branch of the ancient kindred Kaplon (also Kaplyon or Kaplony) as the son of Jakó (I), the first known member of the branch, who served as ''ispán'' of Zólyom County from 1243 to 1245 and in 1262.His mother was Catherine, the daughter of Peter, who himself was the son of Szoboszló and grandson of Apa, the Ban of Slavonia in the mid-12th century.",
"Andrew had a brother Jakó (II), who served as Master of the cupbearers from 1279 to 1280.Andrew's career strongly connected to the social advancement of his brother Jakó in his entire life.",
"Throughout from 1249 to 1258, the brothers were granted several villages from their maternal grandparents – the aforementioned Peter and his wife Agnes – and their aunt Petronilla as the only living male descendants of their family.",
"Consequently, Andrew and Jakó became owners of Mihály and Tapolya (present-day Michalovce), Zalacska (Zalužice), Vinna (Vinné) and Tarna (Trnava pri Laborci, present-day all villages in Slovakia), in addition to the right of patronage over the Benedictine monastery of Kána.",
"These donations laid the foundation of the wealthy Nagymihályi lordship in Ung and Zemplén counties for the upcoming century.The brothers used their wealth to advance their social progress in the Hungarian royal court under the minor Ladislaus IV in the 1270s.",
"Andrew is referred to as ''ispán'' of Ung County in 1273, when, together with Jakó, was granted the estates Sztára (today Staré) and Perecse (today a borough of Michalovce, Slovakia) in the county for their loyalty by the monarch.",
"The royal charter narrates that both of them served Béla IV and Stephen V already faithfully.",
"These lands were the basis of the emerging Nagymihályi lordship.",
"Sometime in the last third of the 13th century, they built the castle of Nagymihály, a fortified stronghold in the region (present-day ruins, belongs to Vinné).",
"It is possible that they also erected the nearby Barkó Castle (today ruins above Brekov) in the same period.According to a royal charter of Ladislaus IV with the date February 1278, Andrew physically assaulted and beat the young monarch with a hooked stick () during a harsh dispute.",
"As a result, Ladislaus confiscated Jakóvár (lit.",
"\"Jakó's Castle\") and its accessories near Meggyes in Szatmár County (present-day Medieșu Aurit, Romania) from Andrew because of his lese-majesty.",
"Later, Ladislaus IV donated this castle and the surrounding lands to Nicholas Pok (otherwise, Andrew's future son-in-law).",
"Early historians – e.g.",
"Károly Szabó – saw another episode of the drastic weakening of royal power during the era of feudal anarchy In Andrew's serious audacity.",
"However, later Hungarian historiography classified this document as non-authentic because its list of dignitaries reflects a political situation in 1274.Historian Péter Németh considered that \"Jakó's Castle\" never existed, and the fort was merely a fabrication compiled by members of the Meggyesi family (Nicholas Pok's descendants) during a late 14th-century lawsuit, as an identification with their fortified manor in Meggyes.Both Andrew and Jakó took part in the Battle on the Marchfeld in August 1278.In 1279, Ladislaus IV confirmed Andrew and Jakó as the rightful owners of Sztára and Perecse.",
"These data prove the falsity of the aforementioned document.",
"In the same year, they were also granted the fort of Jeszenő (today Jasenov, Slovakia) with the surrounding forest as a \"lost heritage\".",
"The Kaplons' centre, Nagymihály was granted right to hold fair.",
"The brothers were involved in a lawsuit over the estate Gelyénes in Szatmár County (near present-day Satu Mare, Romania), which they eventually obtained.",
"They sold the village Kerész (present-day a borough of Krišovská Liesková, Slovakia) in 1289.Both of them swore loyalty to Andrew III, who ascended the Hungarian throne in 1290.They participated in the 1291 Austrian–Hungarian War as military aides to the Hungarian king.",
"They purchased the land Tiba (today Tibava, Slovakia) in Ung County for 300 marks from local castle warriors in 1290.Andrew III approved the contract in 1291.The brothers erected a small castle there (\"Tibavára\", today ruins near Podhoroď, Slovakia) around 1300.Andrew is last mentioned as a living person in 1302, when they possessed the land Gerecse (today a borough of Michalovce).",
"His eldest son Lawrence is mentioned as the owner of the Kaplon possessions in his own right in 1307, implying that Andrew died by that time."
],
[
"Family",
"Andrew and his unidentified wife had at least five children.",
"Through his sons, the Nagymihályi (also Ungi or Vinnai) kinship with its numerous branches descended from Andrew.",
"Their eldest son Lawrence was progenitor of the Tibai, Sztáray (Sztárai) and Lucskai noble families.",
"The second son Jakó (IV) was ancestor of the Bánfi de Nagymihály and Ödönfi de Nagymihály families.",
"The Pongrácz de Nagymihály family descended from Michael, Andrew's third son.",
"His daughter, Catherine was the second wife of the much older powerful lord Nicholas Pok, who dominated Szatmár County in the early 14th century.",
"According to a late 14th-century forgery, Andrew donated several villages in Szatmár County (accessories to the alleged \"Jakó's Castle\") to his daughter and son-in-kaw as her dowry.",
"They had no children.",
"Catherine survived her husband and died sometime after 1331.Andrew's another daughter Anne married Peter Lipóci from the illustrious Aba clan."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* * * * *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Jorge Venegas"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jorge Arnaldo Venegas Vásquez''' (''unknown'' – 7 September 2010) was a Chilean football manager and player who played as a forward."
],
[
"Career",
"As a football forward, Venegas played for Universidad de Chile, Audax Italiano and Coquimbo Unido in the Chilean Primera División.At international level, he represented Chile U20 in the 1958 South American Championship alongside players such as José Sulantay, Efraín Santander, Alberto Fouillioux, among others.Better known by his extensive managerial career in his homeland, he led Unión La Calera, O'Higgins, Magallanes and Audax Italiano in the top division.Previously, he led the Chile national under-20 team in the 1971 South American Championship.He led many clubs in the second level such as Coquimbo Unido, Malleco Unido, Rangers, Regional Antofagasta, Santiago Wanderers, Deportes Valdivia, among others.",
"Abroad, he had a stint with Bolivian club Jorge Wilstermann in 1986."
],
[
"Personal life",
"He was nicknamed ''Mosco'' (Fly)."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Jorge Venegas at MemoriaWanderers.cl"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Peter Wiles (academic)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Peter John de la Fosse Wiles''', FBA (25 November 1919 – 11 July 1997) was a British comparative economist.",
"He was professor of Russian social and economic studies at the University of London from 1965 to 1985, having previously been an examination fellow at All Souls College, Oxford (1947 to 1948), a fellow of New College, Oxford (1948 to 1960) and a professor at Brandeis University (1960 to 1963).",
"He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1990.His maternal grandfather was the colonial administrator and university official Sir Claude de la Fosse; his father's brother was the civil servant Sir Harold Wiles, whose son was the theologian Maurice Wiles (whose own son is the mathematician Sir Andrew Wiles)."
],
[
"Publications",
"* ''Price, Cost and Output'' (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1956)* ''The Political Economy of Communism'' (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1962)* ''Communist International Economics'' (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968)* ''Economic Institutions Compared'' (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1977)"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Native American genocide in the United States"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Native American genocide in the United States''' is the characterization of the substantial population decline of American Indians as a form of genocide.",
"The question of whether the significant population decline constitutes genocide is debated amongst scholars.",
"Debates are ongoing over whether the entire process, or specific periods and local occurrences, meet the legal definition of genocide.",
"Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term \"genocide,\" considered the displacement of Native Americans by European settlers as a historical example of genocide.",
"However, others, like historian Gary Anderson, contend that genocide does not accurately characterize any aspect of American history, suggesting instead that ethnic cleansing is a more appropriate term.Historians have long debated the pre-European population of the Americas.",
"In 2023, historian Ned Blackhawk suggested that North America's population had halved from 1492 to 1776 from about 8 million people to under 4 million.",
"Russell Thornton estimated that by 1800, some 600,000 Native Americans lived in the regions that would become the modern United States and declined to an estimated 250,000 by 1890 before rebounding.The population decline among Native Americans in the 19th century can be attributed to various factors, including Eurasian diseases like influenza, pneumonic plagues, and smallpox.",
"Additionally, conflicts, massacres, forced removal, enslavement, imprisonment, and warfare with European settlers contributed to the reduction in populations and the disruption of traditional societies.",
"Historian Jeffrey Ostler emphasizes the importance of considering the so-called American Indian Wars, campaigns by the U.S. Army to subdue Native American nations in the American West starting in the 1860s, as genocide.",
"Scholars increasingly refer to these events as massacres or \"genocidal massacres,\" defined as the annihilation of a portion of a larger group, sometimes intended to send a message to the larger group."
],
[
"Background",
"Chaco Canyon and the Pueblo Bonito (center), to , depicted in a 2007 NASA reconstructionIllustration of Cahokia, the largest Mississippian culture city ruin, to Kincaid site in Massac County, Illinois, to Population estimates for the pre-Columbian U.S. territory generally range from between 1 and 5 million people.",
"Prominent cultures in the historical period before colonization included: Adena, Old Copper, Oasisamerica, Woodland, Fort Ancient, Hopewell tradition and Mississippian cultures.In the classification of the archaeology of the Americas, the post-Classic stage is a term applied to some Precolumbian cultures, typically ending with local contact with Europeans.",
"This stage is the fifth of five archaeological stages posited by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book ''Method and Theory in American Archaeology''.",
"In the North American chronology, the \"post-classic stage\" followed the classic stage in certain areas, and typically dates from around AD 1200 to modern times.The Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast were of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities, but they shared certain beliefs, traditions, and practices, such as the centrality of salmon as a resource and spiritual symbol.",
"Their gift-giving feast, potlatch, is a highly complex event where people gather to commemorate special events.",
"These events include the raising of a totem pole or the appointment or election of a new chief.",
"The most famous artistic feature of the culture is the totem pole, with carvings of animals and other characters to commemorate cultural beliefs, legends, and notable events.The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archaeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.",
"It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages (suburbs) linked together by a loose trading network, the largest city being Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center.",
"The civilization flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States.Numerous pre-Columbian societies were urbanized, such as the Pueblo peoples, Mandan, and Hidatsa.",
"The Iroquois League of Nations or \"People of the Long House\" was a politically advanced, democratic society, which is thought by some historians to have influenced the United States Constitution, with the Senate passing a resolution to this effect in 1988.Other historians have contested this interpretation and believe the impact was minimal, or did not exist, pointing to numerous differences between the two systems and the ample precedents for the constitution in European political thought."
],
[
"Colonial massacres",
"=== Attempted extermination of the Pequot ===Treaty of Hartford of 1638, through which English colonists sought to eradicate the Pequot cultural identity by prohibiting Pequot survivors of the war from returning to their lands, speaking their tribal language, or referring to themselves as Pequots.The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place between 1636 and 1638 in New England between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes.The war concluded with the decisive defeat of the Pequots.",
"The colonies of Connecticut and Massachusetts offered bounties for the heads of killed hostile Indians, and later for just their scalps, during the Pequot War in the 1630s; Connecticut specifically reimbursed Mohegans for slaying the Pequot in 1637.At the end, about 700 Pequots had been killed or taken into captivity.The English colonists imposed a harshly punitive treaty on the estimated 2,500 Pequots who survived the war; the Treaty of Hartford of 1638 sought to eradicate the Pequot cultural identity—with terms prohibiting the Pequots from returning to their lands, speaking their tribal language, or even referring to themselves as Pequots—and effectively dissolved the Pequot Nation, with many survivors executed or enslaved and sold away.",
"Hundreds of prisoners were sold into slavery to the West Indies; other survivors were dispersed as captives to the victorious tribes.",
"The result was the elimination of the Pequot tribe as a viable polity in Southern New England, the colonial authorities classifying them as extinct.",
"However, members of the Pequot tribe still live today as a federally recognized tribe.=== Massacre of the Narragansett people ===The Great Swamp Massacre was committed during King Philip's War by colonial militia of New England on the Narragansett tribe in December 1675.On December 15 of that year, Narraganset warriors attacked the Jireh Bull Blockhouse and killed at least 15 people.",
"Four days later, the militias from the English colonies of Plymouth, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay were led to the main Narragansett town in South Kingstown, Rhode Island.",
"The settlement was burned, its inhabitants (including women and children) killed or evicted, and most of the tribe's winter stores destroyed.",
"It is believed that at least 97 Narragansett warriors and 300 to 1,000 non-combatants were killed, though exact figures are unknown.",
"The massacre was a critical blow to the Narragansett tribe during the period directly following the massacre.",
"However, much like the Pequot, the Narragansett people continue to live today as a federally recognized tribe.===French and Indian War and Pontiac's War ===19th century engraving of the Gnadenhutten massacreOn June 12, 1755, during the French and Indian War, Massachusetts governor William Shirley issued a bounty of £40 for a male Indian scalp, and £20 for scalps of Indian females or of children under 12 years old.",
"In 1756, Pennsylvania lieutenant-governor Robert Hunter Morris, in his declaration of war against the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) people, offered \"130 Pieces of Eight, for the Scalp of Every Male Indian Enemy, above the Age of Twelve Years\", and \"50 Pieces of Eight for the Scalp of Every Indian Woman, produced as evidence of their being killed.\"",
"During Pontiac's War, Colonel Henry Bouquet conspired with his superior, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, to infect hostile Native Americans through biological warfare with smallpox blankets.==Ethnic cleansing== === Sullivan Expedition ===In 1779, the Continental Army under the command of John Sullivan and James Clinton conducted a series of scorched earth campaigns against the four British-allied nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, displacing 5,000 Iroquoian refugees.===Manifest destiny===linguistic groupGraphic depicting Native land lossManifest destiny had serious consequences for Native Americans, since continental expansion implicitly meant the occupation and annexation of Native American land, sometimes to expand slavery.",
"This ultimately led to confrontations and wars with several groups of native peoples via Indian removal.",
"The United States continued the European practice of recognizing only limited land rights of Indigenous peoples.",
"In a policy formulated largely by Henry Knox, Secretary of War in the Washington administration, the U.S. government sought to expand into the west through the purchase of Native American land in treaties.",
"Only the federal government could purchase Indian lands, and this was done through treaties with tribal leaders.",
"Whether a tribe actually had a decision-making structure capable of making a treaty was a controversial issue.",
"The national policy was for the Indians to join American society and become \"civilized\", which meant no more wars with neighboring tribes or raids on white settlers or travelers, and a shift from hunting to farming and ranching.",
"Advocates of civilization programs believed that the process of settling native tribes would greatly reduce the amount of land needed by the Native Americans, making more land available for homesteading by white Americans.",
"Thomas Jefferson believed that the Indigenous people of America had to assimilate and live like the whites or inevitably be pushed aside by them.Once Jefferson believed that assimilation was no longer possible, he advocated for the extermination or displacement of Indigenous people.",
"Following the forced removal of many Indigenous peoples, Americans increasingly believed that Native American ways of life would eventually disappear as the United States expanded.",
"Humanitarian advocates of removal believed that American Indians would be better off moving away from whites.",
"As historian Reginald Horsman argued in his influential study ''Race and Manifest Destiny'', racial rhetoric increased during the era of manifest destiny.",
"Americans increasingly believed that Native American ways of life would \"fade away\" as the United States expanded.",
"As an example, this idea was reflected in the work of one of America's first great historians, Francis Parkman, whose landmark book ''The Conspiracy of Pontiac'' was published in 1851.Parkman wrote that after the French defeat in the French and Indian War, Indians were \"destined to melt and vanish before the advancing waves of Anglo-American power, which now rolled westward unchecked and unopposed\".",
"Parkman emphasized that the collapse of Indian power in the late 18th century had been swift and was a past event.===Trail of Tears=== Graphic depicting Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears was an ethnic cleansing and forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the \"Five Civilized Tribes\" between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government.",
"As part of the Indian removal, members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to newly designated Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River after the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830.The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.",
"The relocated peoples suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their newly designated Indian reserve.",
"Thousands died from disease before reaching their destinations or shortly after.",
"Some historians have said that the event constituted a genocide, although this label remains a matter of debate.Chalk and Jonassohn assert that the deportation of the Cherokee tribe along the Trail of Tears would almost certainly be considered an act of genocide today.",
"The Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the exodus.",
"About 17,000 Cherokees, along with approximately 2,000 Cherokee-owned black slaves, were removed from their homes.",
"Historians such as David Stannard and Barbara Mann have noted that the army deliberately routed the march of the Cherokee to pass through areas of a known cholera epidemic, such as Vicksburg.",
"Stannard estimates that during the forced removal from their homelands, following the Indian Removal Act signed into law by President Andrew Jackson in 1830, 8,000 Cherokee died, about half the total population.=== Indiana ===Throughout the first half of the 19th century, several Native American groups such as the Potawatomi and Miami were expelled from their homelands in Indiana under the Indian Removal Act.",
"The Potawatomi Trail of Death alone led to the deaths of over 40 individuals.===Long Walk=== A U.S. soldier stands guard over Navajo people during the Long Walk.The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo (), was the 1864 deportation and ethnic cleansing of the Navajo people by the United States federal government.",
"Navajos were forced to walk from their land in western New Mexico Territory (modern-day Arizona) to Bosque Redondo in eastern New Mexico.",
"Some 53 different forced marches occurred between August 1864 and the end of 1866.Some anthropologists claim that the \"collective trauma of the Long Walk...is critical to contemporary Navajos' sense of identity as a people\".===Yavapai Exodus===In 1886, many of the Yavapai ethnic group joined in campaigns by the US Army, as scouts, against Geronimo and other Chiricahua Apache.",
"The wars ended with the Yavapai's and the Tonto's removal from the Camp Verde Reservation to San Carlos on February 27, 1875, now known as Exodus Day.",
"1,400 where relocated in these travels and over the course the relocation the Yavapai received no wagons or rest stops.",
"Yavapai were beaten with whips through rivers of melted snow in which many drowned, any Yavapai who lagged behind was left behind or shot.",
"The march lead to 375 deaths.===Reservation system===Reservations in the Continental United StatesIndian removal policies led to the current day reservation system which allocated territories to individual tribes.",
"According to scholar Dina Gilio-Whitaker, \"the treaties also created reservations that would confine Native people into smaller territories far smaller than they had for millenia been accustomed to, diminishing their ability to feed themselves.\"",
"According to author and scholar David Rich Lewis, these reservations had much higher population densities than indigenous homelands.",
"As a result, \"the consolidation of native peoples in the 19th century allowed epidemic diseases to rage through their communities.\"",
"In addition to this \"a result of changing subsistence patterns and environments-contributed to an explosion of dietary-related illness like diabetes, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, cirrhosis, obesity, gallbladder disease, hypertension, and heart disease.",
"\"Once their territories were incorporated into the United States, surviving Native Americans were denied equality before the law and often treated as wards of the state.",
"Many Native Americans were moved to reservations—constituting 4% of U.S. territory.",
"In a number of cases, treaties signed with Native Americans were violated.",
"Tens of thousands of American Indians and Alaska Natives were forced to attend a residential school system which sought to reeducate them in white-settler American values, culture, and economy."
],
[
"Genocidal campaigns",
"Stacie Martin states that the United States has not been legally admonished by the international community for genocidal acts against its Indigenous population, but many historians and academics describe events such as the Mystic massacre, the Trail of Tears, the Sand Creek massacre and the Mendocino War as genocidal in nature.Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz states that U.S. history, as well as inherited Indigenous trauma, cannot be understood without dealing with the genocide that the United States committed against Indigenous peoples.",
"From the colonial period through the founding of the United States and continuing in the twentieth century, this has entailed torture, terror, sexual abuse, massacres, systematic military occupations, removals of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral territories via Indian removal policies, forced removal of Native American children to boarding schools, allotment, and a policy of termination.The letters exchanged between Bouquet and Amherst during the Pontiac War show Amherst writing to Bouquet that the indigenous people needed to be exterminated: \"You will do well to try to inoculate the Indians by means of blankets, as well as to try every other method that can serve to extirpate this execrable race.\"",
"Historians regard this as evidence of a genocidal intent by Amherst, as well as part of a broader genocidal attitude frequently displayed against Native Americans during the colonization of the Americas.",
"When smallpox swept the northern plains of the U.S. in 1837, the U.S. Secretary of War Lewis Cass ordered that no Mandan (along with the Arikara, the Cree, and the Blackfeet) be given smallpox vaccinations, which were provided to other tribes in other areas.Historian Jeffrey Ostler describes the Colorado territorial militia's slaughter of Cheyennes at Sand Creek (1864) and the army's slaughter of Shoshones at Bear River (1863), Blackfeet on the Marias River (1870), and Lakotas at Wounded Knee (1890) as \"genocidal massacres.",
"\"===California===Population transfer of the Cupeño.The U.S. colonization of California started in earnest in 1845, with the Mexican–American War.",
"With the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it gave the United States authority over 525,000 square miles of new territory.",
"In addition to the Gold Rush slaughter, there was also a large number of state-subsidized massacres by colonists against Native Americans in the territory, causing several entire ethnic groups to be wiped out.",
"In one such series of conflicts, the so-called Mendocino War and the subsequent Round Valley War, the entirety of the Yuki people was brought to the brink of extinction.",
"From a previous population of some 3,500 people, fewer than 100 members of the Yuki tribe were left.",
"According to Russell Thornton, estimates of the pre-Columbian population of California may have been as high as 300,000.By 1849, due to a number of epidemics, the number had decreased to 150,000.But from 1849 and up until 1890 the indigenous population of California had fallen below 20,000, primarily because of the killings.",
"At least 4,500 California Indians were killed between 1849 and 1870, while many more perished due to disease and starvation.",
"10,000 Indians were also kidnapped and sold as slaves.",
"In a speech before representatives of Native American peoples in June 2019, California governor Gavin Newsom apologized for the genocide.",
"Newsom said, \"That's what it was, a genocide.",
"No other way to describe it.",
"And that's the way it needs to be described in the history books.",
"\"Whites hunted down adult Indians in the mountains, kidnapped their children, and sold them as apprentices for as little as $50.Indians could not complain in court because of another California statute that stated that 'no Indian or Black or Mulatto person was permitted to give evidence in favor of or against a white person'.",
"One contemporary wrote, \"The miners are sometimes guilty of the most brutal acts with the Indians... such incidents have fallen under my notice that would make humanity weep and men disown their race\".",
"The towns of Marysville and Honey Lake paid bounties for Indian scalps.",
"Shasta City offered $5 for every Indian head brought to City Hall; California's State Treasury reimbursed many of the local governments for their expenses.===American Indian wars===A mass grave being dug for frozen bodies from the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre, in which the U.S. Army killed 150 Lakota people, marking the end of the American Indian WarsDuring the Indian Wars, the American Army carried out a number of massacres and forced relocations of Indigenous peoples that are sometimes considered genocide.",
"Jeffrey Ostler, the Beekman Professor of Northwest and Pacific History at the University of Oregon, stated the American Indian War \"was genocidal war.\"",
"Xabier Irujo, professor of genocide studies at the University of Nevada, Reno, stated, \"the toll on human lives in the wars against the native nations between 1848 and 1881 was horrific.\"",
"Notable conflicts in this period include the Dakota War, Great Sioux War, Comanche campaign, Snake War and Colorado War.",
"These conflicts occurred in the United States from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the end of the 19th century.",
"The wars resulted from several factors, the most common being the desire of settlers and governments for Indian tribes' lands.The 1864 Sand Creek massacre, which caused outrage in its own time, has been regarded as a genocide.",
"Colonel John Chivington led a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia in a massacre of 70–163 peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho, about two-thirds of whom were women, children, and infants.",
"Chivington and his men took scalps and other body parts as trophies, including human fetuses and male and female genitalia.",
"Chivington stated, \"Damn any man who sympathizes with Indians!",
"...",
"I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God's heaven to kill Indians.",
"...",
"Kill and scalp all, big and little; nits make lice.\""
],
[
"Cultural genocide",
"Pupils at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania (c. 1900).In reference to colonialism in the United States, Raphael Lemkin stated that the \"colonial enslavement of American Indians was a cultural genocide.\"",
"He also stated that colonialism in the United States comprised an \"effective and thorough method of destroying a culture and de-socializing human beings.\"",
"Lemkin drew a distinction between \"cultural change and cultural genocide.\"",
"He defined the former as a slow and gradual process of transition to new situations, and he saw the latter as the result of a radical and violent change that necessitated \"the pre-meditated goal of those committing cultural genocide.\"",
"Lemkin believed that cultural genocide occurs only when there are \"surgical operations on cultures and deliberate assassinations of civilizations.",
"\"According to Vincent Schilling, many people are aware of historical atrocities that were committed against his people, but there is an \"extensive amount of misunderstanding about Native American and First Nations people's history.\"",
"He added that Native Americans have also suffered a \"cultural genocide\" because of colonization's residual effects.The American-Indian experience in North America is defined as comprising physical and cultural disintegration.",
"That fact becomes clear when one examines how law and colonialism were used as tools of genocide, both physically and culturally.",
"According to Luana Ross the assumption that law (a Euro-American construct) and its administration are prejudiced against particular groups of individuals is critical for understanding Native American criminality and the experiences of Natives imprisoned.",
"For instance, in Georgia, the 1789 act permitted indiscriminate massacre of Creek Indians by proclaiming them to be outside the state's protection.",
"Apart from physical annihilation, the State promoted acculturation by introducing legislation limiting land entitlements to Indians who had abandoned tribal citizenship.Throughout the writing of the Genocide Convention, the United States was adamantly opposed to the addition of cultural genocide, even threatening to block the treaty's approval if cultural genocide was included in the final text.",
"===Forced assimilation===Young woman and young man standing at a church altar with a priestThe Native American boarding school system was a 150-year program and federal policy that separated Indigenous children from their families and sought to assimilate them into white society.",
"It began in the early 19th century, coinciding with the start of Indian Removal policies.",
"A Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative Investigative Report was published on May 11, 2022, which officially acknowledged the federal government's role in creating and perpetuating this system.",
"According to the report, the U.S. federal government operated or funded more than 408 boarding institutions in 37 states between 1819 and 1969.431 boarding schools were identified in total, many of which were run by religious institutions.",
"The report described the system as part of a federal policy aimed at eradicating the identity of Indigenous communities and confiscating their lands.",
"Abuse was widespread at the schools, as was overcrowding, malnutrition, disease and lack of adequate healthcare.",
"The report documented over 500 child deaths at 19 schools, although it is estimated the total number could rise to thousands, and possibly even tens of thousands.Marked or unmarked burial sites were discovered at 53 schools.",
"The school system has been described as a cultural genocide and a racist dehumanization."
],
[
"Femicide",
"===Missing and murdered===Woman protesting for MMIW in Rochester, Minnesota.In the United States, Native American women are more than twice as likely to experience violence than any other demographic.''''''",
"One in three Indigenous women is sexually assaulted during her life, and 67% of these assaults are perpetrated by non-Native perpetrators.",
"According to research from the National Institute of Justice, it was found that American Indian women are 1.2 times as likely to experience lifetime violence, 1.8 times as likely to be a victim of stalking, and 1.7 times as likely to be victims of violence in the past year compared to the Non-Hispanic White population.",
"Lisa Brunner, executive director of Sacred Spirits First National Coalition states, \"What's happened through US Federal law and policy is they created lands of impunity where this is like a playground for serial rapists, batterers, killers, whoever and our children aren't protected at all.",
"\"===Sterilization===The Family Planning Services and Population Research Act was passed in 1970, which subsidized sterilizations for patients receiving healthcare through the Indian Health Service.",
"In the six years after the act was passed, an estimated 25% of childbearing-aged Native American women were sterilized.",
"Some of the procedures were performed under coercion, or without understanding by those sterilized.",
"In 1977, Marie Sanchez, chief tribal judge of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation told the United Nations Convention on Indigenous Rights in Geneva, that Native American women suffered involuntary sterilization which she equated with modern genocide."
],
[
"Memory and legacy",
"The United States has to date not undertaken any truth commission nor built a memorial for the genocide of Indigenous people.",
"It does not acknowledge nor compensate for the historical violence against Native Americans that occurred during territorial expansion to the West Coast.",
"American museums such as the Smithsonian Institution do not dedicate a section to the genocide.",
"In 2013, the National Congress of American Indians passed a resolution to create a space for the National American Indian Holocaust Museum inside the Smithsonian, but it was ignored by the latter.===Historiography===American historian Ned Blackhawk said that nationalist historiographies have been forms of denial that erase the history of destruction of European colonial expansion.",
"Blackhawk said that near consensus has emerged that genocide against some Indigenous peoples took place in North America following colonization.In ''An American Genocide'', Benjamin Madley argues that Indigenous resistance to genocidal campaigns has resulted in these campaigns as being inaccurately described as war or battles, instead of genocidal massacres.",
"David Moshman, a professor at University of Nebraska–Lincoln, highlighted the lack of awareness of the American public, stating, \"The nations of the Americas remain virtually oblivious to their emergence from a series of genocides that were deliberately aimed at, and succeeded in eliminating, hundreds of Indigenous cultures.\""
],
[
"See also",
"* Colonialism and genocide* Denial of genocides of Indigenous peoples* Genocide of indigenous peoples* Genocides in history (before World War I)#United States* History of Native Americans in the United States* Indigenous peoples in Canada* Indigenous peoples of Mexico* Indigenous response to colonialism* List of ethnic cleansing campaigns* List of genocides* List of Indian massacres in North America* List of massacres in the United States* Mass racial violence in the United States* Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas* Racism against Native Americans in the United States* Racism in Canada* Racism in Mexico* Racism in North America* Racism in the United States* Thomas Jefferson and Native Americans* Black genocide in the United States – the notion that African Americans have been subjected to genocide because of racism against African Americans"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"Externals links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Medway RFC"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Medway Rugby Football Club''' is an English rugby union club based in Rochester, Kent.",
"The first XV team currently plays in Regional 2 South East.When league rugby began in 1987, Medway were placed in Kent 1 and the club has won a league and cup double twice, in 2008-09 and 2016–17.The club reached tier 5 for the first time in 2022/23 but only survived at that level for a single season when they finished bottom of Regional 1 South East."
],
[
"Honours",
"* London 2 South East champions 2016-17* Kent Shield winners 2016-17* Kent Vase winners 2008-09* Kent 1 champions 2008-09* Kent 2 champions 2007-08"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official Club Website"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Silver Bantam"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Silver Bantam''' is a small-sized British breed of domestic duck developed by Reginald Appleyard."
],
[
"History",
"Developed in the late 1940s by Reginald Appleyard in Suffolk with the name \"Miniature Silver Appleyard\", it was intended to be very attractive and docile ducks.",
"The breed is known to be a crossing of Khaki Campbells and White calls, the duck received very little interest until it's standardization in the United Kingdom year 1997 where it received the new name of '''Silver Bantam'''.",
"In the late 1950s and early 1960s a small number of females started to be born with yellow bars on their wings as opposed to their usual color.",
"These unusual females were exceptionally attractive but eventually all died off and no more females have been documented to have been born with similar colors."
],
[
"Description",
"Females have a buff-colored “hood” on their head and can weigh up to whilst the males have an iridescent green hood when in nuptial plumage during the breeding season, similar to that of the wild mallard, and a black hood when in eclipse plumage that disguises their body of .",
"Females can lay in between 60 and 160 small eggs every year.",
"The duck is also known to be tame and easy to manage."
],
[
"Conservation",
"As of 2007, the FAO marked the duck as \"Critical\".",
"In 2002 the total population was estimated to be between 50 and 100 individuals."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"James H. Blessing"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''James H. Blessing''' (April 17, 1837 – February 21, 1910) was an American inventor, engineer, and business executive from Albany, New York.",
"A Republican, he served as a member of the Albany County Board of Supervisors from 1894 to 1896, and president of the board from 1895 to 1896.From 1900 to 1901, he served as Albany's mayor.A native of Guilderland, New York, Blessing was raised and educated in Albany, and worked as a grocery store clerk before becoming an apprentice machinist.",
"After completing his apprenticeship, Blessing worked at an Albany machine shop until the start of the American Civil War.",
"After working as a ship design and construction engineer at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, he joined the Union Navy in 1864, and he served until the end of the war.After the war, Blessing worked as the superintendent of an Albany foundry and machine works, and in 1870 he invented a steam trap that vastly improved the efficiency of the steam engines then largely in use in factories and other businesses.",
"As the partner in an Albany company that built and sold his invention, Blessing became wealthy.",
"He also continued to invent, and his efforts resulted in several more implements and tools that were used on steam engines.A Republican in politics, Blessing served on the Albany County Board of Supervisors from 1894 to 1896 and was the board's president from 1895 to 1896.In 1899, he was the successful Republican nominee for mayor.",
"he served one term, 1900 to 1901, and was not a candidate for reelection.",
"After leaving office, he returned to his business interests.",
"Blessing died in Albany on February 21, 1910, and was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery."
],
[
"Early life",
"James Henry Blessing was born in French Mills, part of the town of Guilderland, New York, on April 17, 1837, the son of Frederick I.",
"Blessing and Lucinda (Smith) Blessing.",
"His family moved to Albany when he was five years old, and he attended Albany's public schools.",
"Blessing began working as a grocery store clerk when he was twelve, and he continued in this position until he was sixteen.",
"In 1853, he began work as an apprentice machinist at the furnace and machine shop of F & T Townsend, in which Frederick Townsend was a principal.",
"He completed his apprenticeship in 1857, after which he continued to work as a machinist for the Townsend company.At the start of the American Civil War, Blessing and Frederick Townsend invented a breech-loading rifle intended for use by the Union Army.",
"Townsend joined the army and Blessing began working for the navy, so they did not continue to pursue procurement and fielding of their new firearm.",
"In 1862, Blessing began working at the Brooklyn Navy Yard as an engineer for the Union Navy, where he took part in the design and construction of warships.",
"In 1864, he joined the navy with the rank of third assistant engineer, and was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.",
"While performing duties aboard USS ''New Berne'', he took part in December 1864's First Battle of Fort Fisher and January 1865's Second Battle of Fort Fisher.",
"Blessing was granted sick leave after the battles, and was discharged at the end of the war.",
"From 1865 to 1866, he was chief engineer in charge of steam-powered machinery for the Brooklyn City Railroad Company."
],
[
"Career",
"In 1866, Blessing returned to Albany to become superintendent of the foundry and machine works at Townsend & Jackson, where he was again associated with Frederick Townsend.",
"In 1870, Blessing invented the return steam trap, a device which improved the efficiency of steam engines by returning condensation to the boiler so it could be re-used, and became widely used throughout the world.",
"In 1872, he left Townsend & Jackson to become a partner with Townsend in the firm of Townsend & Blessing, which manufactured Blessing's steam trap.",
"In 1875, Blessing, Townsend, and other investors formed the Albany Steam Trap Company, which expanded the manufacture and sale of Blessing's invention.",
"While a partner in this company, Blessing continued to invent, and the devices he patented included traps, boilers, valves, and packing for steam engines, as well as pump governors, water filters, boiler purifiers, and steam and oil separators.Blessing was active in politics as a Republican, including service as vice president of his ward's party committee and selection as a delegate to numerous local party conventions.",
"In 1894, he was elected to represent Albany's fifth ward on the Albany County Board of Supervisors.",
"He served until 1896, and was the board's president from 1895 to 1896.In 1899, Blessing was elected mayor of Albany, the first chosen after enactment of a new city charter.",
"He served one two-year term, 1900 to 1901.During Blessing's administration, he emphasized public education, including the completion of School 12.In addition, the city constructed and began operation of its first public baths.",
"When the United States Navy planned construction of the cruiser USS ''Albany'', he organized ceremonies to commemorate the launch of the new ship.",
"Blessing's victory helped usher in more than 20 years of control by the Republican organization headed by William Barnes Jr.",
"He did not run for reelection in 1900."
],
[
"Later life",
"Blessing's civic and professional memberships included the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Capital City Republican Club, and Albany Institute of History & Art.",
"He was also a devout Baptist, and attended Albany's First Baptist Church.In 1857, Blessing married Martha Hutson, who died in 1866.They were the parents of two daughters, one of whom died in infancy.",
"In 1870, he married Mary (Gilson) Judd, who died in 1916.Blessing died in Albany on February 21, 1910.His funeral took place at the First Baptist Church in Albany.",
"Blessing was buried at Albany Rural Cemetery."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"The Molasses Flood"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''The Molasses Flood LLC''' is an American video game developer based in Boston, Massachusetts.",
"Founded by industry veterans in 2014.The company was acquired by CD Projekt in 2021.The Molasses Flood has developed multiple independent games, including ''The Flame in the Flood'' and ''Drake Hollow''."
],
[
"History",
"The Molasses Flood is an American video game development studio based in Boston, Massachusetts.",
"It was founded in 2014 by former employees of Irrational Games, Harmonix, and Bungie.The Molasses Flood's first game was ''The Flame in the Flood'', a survival game set in a post-apocalyptic river landscape, which was released in 2016 for Windows, macOS, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch.",
"The game received positive reviews from critics and players and was nominated for several awards.",
"The studio's second game was ''Drake Hollow''.The company was acquired by CD Projekt in 2021.It then began working on a new game codenamed \"Project Sirius\" set in ''The Witcher'' universe in early 2022 in corroboration with CD Projekt Red North America.",
"The game will include multiplayer elements."
],
[
"Games developed",
"+YearTitlePlatform(s)2016''The Flame in the Flood'' Windows, macOS, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch2020''Drake Hollow'' Windows, Linux, Xbox One TBA''Project Sirius'' (untitled ''The Witcher'' game) TBA"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Marijan Maravić"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marijan Maravić''' (14 September 1660) was a Bosnian-Herzegovinian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Bosnia from 1647 to his death in 1660.He previously served as the bishop of Duvno from 1645 to his appointment to the Diocese of Bosnia in 1647 but continued to administer the diocese until 1655."
],
[
"Early life",
"Maravić was born to an affluent Catholic family in Olovo in the Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"It is unknown where he was educated.",
"From 1634 to 1637, he was a guardian of the Franciscan friary in Kraljeva Sutjeska.",
"From 1637 he served as a guardian of the Franciscan friary in Kreševo.",
"In mid-August 1637, at the request of Bey Sinanović from Sarajevo, he was elected the provincial of the Franciscan Province of Bosnia.",
"This put him at odds with the council of the Province and its custos Marin Ibrišimović.",
"On 24 June 1640, he was succeeded by Martin Nikolić, after which Maravić retreated to the Franciscan friary in Olovo.",
"At first, Maravić was nominated for the bishop of Bosnia.Around Christmas 1640, the bishop of Bosnia Toma Mrnjavić suffered a stroke, while his duties were carried out by Jeronim Lučić, the bishop of Drivast, who died on 15 January 1643.Thus, in August 1643, at the request of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, the leadership of the Franciscan Province of Bosnia proposed Maravić with three other Franciscans as a bishop coadjutor to Mrnjavić.",
"On 8 September 1644, Mrnjavić requested that Maravić be appointed his bishop coadjutor.",
"Mrnjavić died at the end of December of that year.",
"Apostolic visitor Giacomo Boncarpi proposed Provincial Petar Lipanović and Maravić for the post, and on 18 March only Maravić.",
"On 25 April 1645, the Congregation requested more information on Lipanović and Maravić and the general commissioner of the Franciscan Order gave a more favourable opinion of Maravić.",
"Thus, on 19 June 1945, the Congregation suggested to the Pope to appoint Maravić the bishop of Bosnia or another diocese in the region."
],
[
"Episcopate",
"Influenced by the Jesuit circles in Vienna, which opposed Maravić's appointment as the bishop of Bosnia and preferred Ibrišimović, the Imperial court in Vienna, which had a right to nominate the bishop of Bosnia, obstructed Maravić's appointment.",
"To avoid the danger of leaving the Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina without a bishop, on 31 July 1645, Pope Innocent X appointed Maravić the bishop of Duvno, while the care of the Diocese of Bosnia was given to him with a special papal brief.",
"The Pope granted him a stipend from the revenues of the diocese, as well as 200 scudo annually.",
"He was consecrated on 10 December 1645 in Dubrovnik with Krizostom Antić, the bishop of Trebinje as his principal consecrator, and Vicko Buće and Pavao Gradić as principal co-consecrators.",
"The main reason for his appointment was the care of the Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"Maravić never resided on the territory of the Diocese of Duvno, living instead in the Franciscan friary in Olovo.Still, the Holy See lobbied through its nuncio in Vienna to appoint Maravić as the bishop of Bosnia, especially through Philipp von Mansfeld, the Imperial army commander in Hungary and later the chancellor of Hungary.",
"Their efforts were opposed by the Jesuits and the Emperor's confessor, who lobbied for Ibrišimović.",
"As Maravić was mainly interested in the Diocese of Bosnia, he managed, with the help of von Mansfeld, to be nominated by Ferdinand III as Mrnavić's successor on 4 September 1646.His opponent Ibrišimović was nominated the bishop of Budva and was a candidate for the administrator of the Diocese of Smederevo.",
"The Congregation supported Maravić's nomination on 17 June 1647 and entrusted him with other dioceses he administered.",
"The Pope confirmed the Congregation's proposal on 15 July 1647 and, with a special brief from 24 July 1647, translated Maravić from Duvno to Bosnia, simultaneously appointing him the administrator of Duvno.",
"According to the Congregation's proposal confirmed by the Pope, Maravić was given the administration over the Diocese of Duvno until 24 May 1655, when Pavao Posilović, the bishop of Skradin, was appointed its bishop.Maravić's episcopacy coincided with the Cretan War (1645–1669) between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire, which involved a large area between the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea to Zadar in Dalmatia.",
"During the war, the region of the eastern Adriatic hinterland was impacted, especially the territories of the dioceses of Makarska and Duvno, from where the Venitians pulled the Christian population.",
"There are instances of plunder of Catholics by the Venetians to achieve this goal.",
"The Diocese of Skradin almost disappeared.",
"For this reason, Posilović, still the bishop of Skradin, fled to the Franciscan friary in Rama, from where Maravić tried to remove him.",
"Unlike Maravić, Posilović gained the sympathies of the Bosnian Franciscans and the populace of the Diocese of Duvno, which requested his appointment as the bishop of their diocese.",
"For this reason, the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith started questioning Maravić's administration over Duvno after receiving a formal request from the Catholics of Duvno, sent by the Franciscans from Rama in November 1652.In April 1654, the Congregation decided to entrust the Diocese of Duvno to Posilović, which was granted by Pope Alexander VII, who translated Posilović from Skradin to Duvno in May 1655.During his episcopate, Maravić spent much time in dispute with other Church prelates.",
"Over the parishes north of the Sava river, he disputed with the bishop of Smederevo and administrator of the Hungarian lands under the Ottoman occupation Ibrišimović.",
"He disputed with Posilović over the borders in Slavonia, Rama, Duvno and Livno.",
"With another bishop of Smederevo Mato Benlić and Posilović, he disputed over the administration of Slavonia and other territories.",
"He died in Olovo."
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"References",
"=== Books ===* *"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Love Is Gone (Slander song)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''Love Is Gone'''\" is a song by American DJ duo Slander featuring American singer-songwriter Dylan Matthew.",
"It was released on May 10, 2019 through Gud Vibrations.",
"An acoustic version of the track was made available in November of the same year through Gud Vibrations and Create Music Group, which went viral amidst the COVID-19 pandemic."
],
[
"Background and release",
"The original version of \"Love Is Gone\" was released on May 10, 2019, with an acoustic version of the song released on November 13, 2019.It is the duo's fourth collaboration with Dylan Matthew.",
"The music video for the original version of “Love Is Gone” was produced over the span of three years and shows \"a majestic atmosphere that ebbs and flows seamlessly\" with the song.",
"The track was later added to the duo's debut album ''Thrive'' in September 2022."
],
[
"Live performances",
"Slander has performed \"Love Is Gone\" at numerous music events and festivals, including Lollapalooza 2019, Ultra Taiwan 2020, Lost Lands 2021, EDC Las Vegas 2021, Coachella 2022, and the Escapade Music Festival 2022.They additionally performed it during their Chimera Tour across the United States from August to December 2023."
],
[
"Reception",
"The acoustic version of \"Love Is Gone\" went viral during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.The original version peaked at number 45 on the US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart during the week of January 18, 2020, while the acoustic version peaked at number 12 and number 22 on the Dance/Electronic Digital Song Sales and Dance/Electronic Streaming Songs charts respectively, over a year after its release in February 2021.It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in June 2023."
],
[
"Covers",
"South Korean singer Cha Eun-woo performed a piano cover of the song in January 2024, which was met with praise from Slander."
],
[
"Charts",
"===Weekly charts===+ \"Love Is Gone\" (original version) Chart (2020) Peakposition+ \"Love Is Gone\" (acoustic version) Chart (2021) Peakposition US Dance/Electronic Digital Songs (''Billboard'') 12 US Dance/Electronic Streaming (''Billboard'') 22"
],
[
"Certifications"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"1949 Wayne State Wildcats football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1949 Wayne State Wildcats football team''' represented Nebraska State Teachers College at Wayne (later renamed Wayne State College) as a member of the Nebraska College Conference (NCC) during the 1949 college football season.",
"In their first year under head coach Jack Wink, the Wildcats compiled a perfect 9–0 record (8–0 against NCC opponents), outscored opponents by a total of 218 to 67, and won the NCC championship.Wink was hired as the team's head coach in late July 1949.He previously played at quarterback for the 1942 Wisconsin Badgers football team and the 1943 Michigan Wolverines football team, both of which were ranked No.",
"3 in the final AP Polls.The team played its home games at the new Wayne Memorial Stadium in Wayne, Nebraska.",
"The new concrete stadium was dedicated by Governor Val Peterson on September 9, 1949.The 1949 team was the first, and remains the only, Wayne State team to compile a perfect season in more than 100 years of the program's history.",
"(The 1931 team was also undefeated but had a tie on its record.)"
],
[
"Schedule"
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Katherine Curry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Katherine Curry''' is an American professor who served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Education between April 11, 2023, and July 24, 2023.She is currently part of Oklahoma State University's faculty."
],
[
"Biography",
"Katherine Curry is a graduate of Southeastern Oklahoma State University and the University of Oklahoma.",
"In 2011, she joined the faculty of Oklahoma State University as an assistant professor.",
"She was promoted to associate professor in 2017 and to professor in 2022.Curry was appointed as the Oklahoma Secretary of Education on April 11, 2023, by Governor Kevin Stitt.",
"She resigned July 24, 2023.She cited the \"political environment\" for causing her resignation and returned to teaching at Oklahoma State."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Siege of Babanusa"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Siege of Babanusa''' is an ongoing siege in the War in Sudan.",
"The siege started when fighting erupted between the RSF and the SAF on 22 January 2024."
],
[
"Siege",
"On 22 January 2024, a Rapid Support Forces offensive began, aiming to seize control of the 22nd Infantry Division headquarters in Babanusa, West Kordofan.",
"The siege also escalated an already dire humanitarian crisis in Sudan.A three day ceasefire was held on 31 January by Misseriya leaders to allow civilians to escape the conflict.In an audio recording on February 11th, Hemedti claimed victory in Babanusa and Omdurman.",
"The Sudanese Army responded within a few hours denying this claim and accused Hemedti of \"misinformation.",
"\"The statement further claimed that the RSF suffered \"heavy losses\" in recent clashes with the army.",
"The Sudanese Army released videos showing their troops in control of the Mohandiseen area and asserted that its forces controlled the Babanusa garrison."
],
[
"Casualties",
"Fifty civilians have died and significant property damage has occurred due to the siege as of 26 January 2024."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Tama-te-rangi"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Tama-te-rangi''' was a Māori ''rangatira'' (chieftain) of the Ngāti Kahungunu ''iwi'' and ancestor of the Ngāi Tamaterangi.",
"He was based at Marumaru on the Wairoa River in northern Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.",
"He fought and defeated the neighbouring tribe of Ngāi Tauira with the support of his uncle Rakaipaaka and killed Tu-te-tohi at Pakarae in revenge for his tribe's expulsion from the East Cape area, but was killed in revenge by Parua."
],
[
"Life",
"Tama-te-rangi's mother was Hinemanuhiri, through whom he was a direct descendant of Tamatea Arikinui, captain of the ''Tākitimu'' canoe.",
"His father was Pukaru, who was the son of Ruapani, the paramount chief of the Turanganui-a-Kiwa area.",
"He was born at Waerengaahika (modern Hexton, near Gisborne), where his parents had settled alongside his maternal uncle Rakaipaaka.",
"He was the eldest of five siblings, known as (\"the five of Hine-manuhiri\").",
"His younger brothers were Makoro, Hingaanga, and Pupuni, and his younger sister was Pare-ora.",
"As a young man, he probably participated in Rakaipaaka's ill-fated attack on the chief Tu-te-tohi, which led to the tribe's defeat and exile.",
"Hinemanuhiri and her family travelled southwest and settled at Te Mania in Marumaru (north of Wairoa), while Rakaipaaka settled at Moumoukai on the Nūhaka River.===Conflict with Ngāi Tauira===Mutu son of Tauira, the ''rangatira'' of Ngāi Tauira, found Tama-te-rangi's son Rakai-hakeke sleeping with his daughter Hine-kura in his village of Tonga-kaka.",
"He bared his teeth at Rakai-hakeke, indicating that he planned to eat Rakai-hakeke, who fled to his father.",
"Tama-te-rangi was so offended that he decided to go to war.",
"He sent his sons Rakai-hakeke and Tama-te-hua to his uncle Rakaipaaka with a calabash of ''huahua'' (cooked birds, preserved in their own fat) to seek his assistance.",
"Rakaipaaka accepted the calabash, symbolising his agreement to help, and gave part of it to his own son Kaukohea and his follower Kahutauranga, symbolising his request for them to come as well.",
"The war parties of Tama-te-rangi and Rakai-paaka met up at Te Poti (near Wairoa), where they held a ''hui'' (discussion), until Rakaipaaka's teenage son, Urewera, shouted \"Are we here for the black or the red?!\"",
"(to talk like a black tūī bird or to fight like red warriors), which became a proverbial saying.",
"Rakaipaaka gave Urewera his patu (club) and the forces set out.The force went up the east side of the Wairoa River, forded it at Waharera, came down the west side of the river and were crossing the Waiau River when Ngāi Tauira attacked.",
"They defeated Ngāi Tauira and chased them to Kokopu, where Kaukohea and Kahutauranga joined them.",
"The combined force continued to pursue Ngāi Tauira, finally defeating them on the Taupara flats at Awamate, near Aranui.",
"In total, Ngāi Tauira lost 4,000 men in the attack and they were nearly wiped out.",
"After this, Tama-te-rangi and his siblings had total control over the Wairoa River valley.===Conflict with Tu-te-kohi and death===Tama-te-rangi now led a war party against Tu-te-kohi to get revenge for his family's earlier defeat and expulsion from the Tūranga region.",
"The force gathered at Te Mania in Marumaru, but when they were about to depart, Tama-te-rangi would not come out to perform the ''tohi'' ritual, without which the war party could not set out.",
"His younger brother Makoro went in and said (\"Sir, do get up and perform the ''tohi'' ritual over us\") and Tama-te-rangi said (\"it requires clouds to clothe heaven and feathers to make birds fly\"), meaning that he did not have proper clothes.",
"So, Makoro gave Tama-te-rangi his cloak and his wife Hine-muturangi as a provider.",
"The episode has become proverbial and in the East Coast, Māori who cannot afford proper clothes for a public function might say \"I am a descendant of Hine-rangi\" (i.e.",
"Tama-te-rangi's first wife), while those who can afford it easily might say, \"I am a descendant of Hine-muturangi.",
"\"The force set out and attacked Tu-te-kohi at Pakarae, near Tolaga Bay.",
"They killed him and one of his female relatives, Hine-nui, but Hine-nui's son, Parua, escaped in a canoe.",
"Tama-te-rangi called on him to come back to the shore.",
"Parua asked after his mother and, when he heard that she was dead, he said: (\"Then let the deed be done.",
"It was my belief that you would have been the one to save our mother, since you had the sound teat while I had only the defective one.",
"Therefore, go home and let the soft east wind bring me there\").",
"Parua gathered a war party, attacked Tama-te rangi at Ma-kakahi (on the Wairoa River) and killed him.",
"Parua was injured in that attack and was carried home on a stretcher.",
"Tukutuku, Tama-te-rangi's grandson by Rakai-hakeke, attacked them, but Parua's men defended him and killed Tukutuku.",
"Tama-te-rangi was eventually avenged by his great grandson, Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku."
],
[
"Family",
"Tama-te-rangi first married Hine-rangi, a descendant of Kahungunu, and had one child:* Te Pupuinuku, who married Tu-waikura and had three children::* Hine-manuhiri, who married her cousin Kotore:* Moe-roto, who also married Kotore:* Kopura, who married Tahu-raunoa and had one son:::* Ngā-herehere, ancestor of the Ngāti Ngāherehere hapū of Ngāpuhi.Tama-te-rangi subsequently married Hine-mutu-rangi, a descendant of Rākei-hikuroa: * Rakai-hakeke (son), who married Hine-kura::* Tukutuku (son), who married Hine-pehinga, daughter of Hine-manuhiri and Kotore:::* Hine-awhi (daughter):* Te O-kura-tawhiti (son), who married his brother's widow Hine-pehinga:::* Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku (son)::* Te Māha, who married Te-ahiahi-o-tau, Te Arawhiti, and Kanaia, and had six children::::* Te Kuku:::* Te-O-Tane:::* Te Rangiwawahia:::* Kohuwai:::* Kamihi:::* Paitehonga* Tama-te-hua, ancestor of Te Māha's second wife, Te Arawhiti."
],
[
"Commemoration",
"The Tama-te-rangi Bridge over the Wairoa River on State Highway 38 near Frasertown is named after him."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"*"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
[
[
"Lian Xixian"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lian Xixian''' (, 26 June 1231 — 12 December 1280), born '''Hindu''' () was an Uyghur politician, general and advisor to Kublai Khan, eventually rising to a position of vice-chancellor of Yuan Empire.",
"His courtesy name was '''Shanfu''' () and art name was '''Yeyun''' ().",
"An influential Confucian scholar, he was sometimes remembered as '''Lian Mencius''' () in comparison with Confucian philosopher Mencius."
],
[
"Background",
"He was born to an aristocratic Uyghur family as the second son of Buyruq Qaya (1197-1265) in 1231 and a Khitan lady from Shimo (石抹) clan (d. 1264).",
"His grandfather Qitay Qaya () and great-grandfather Yarp Qaya () were from Beshbalik and served the Idiqut.",
"Buyruq Qaya was orphaned at an early age and raised by his uncle Alp Qaya.",
"He served and accompanied Barchuq Art Tegin when he submitted to Genghis Khan in 1211.His father was darughachi of Sorghaghtani Beki's appanages in North China and later adopted the surname Lian () after being appointed as Surveillance Commissioner () in 1231, Yan'an."
],
[
"Career",
"=== Under Möngke ===Growing up, had 12 siblings, including calligrapher Lian Xigong, councillor Lian Xishu and others, all receiving Chinese upbringing.",
"His older brother Lian Ximin was married to a sister of famous ''sanqu'' author Sevinch Qaya.",
"At the age of 12, he was recruited to Kublai's keshig and studied under Chinese scholar Wang O (1190-1273) in 1244.During his studies, he adopted worldview of Confucian philosopher Mencius, eventually leading to gain the moniker of Lian Mencius.",
"Around 1250, he married to a fellow Uyghur lady - daughter of Mengsuz (1206-1267).He took part in conquest of Yunnan in 1253.Later he was appointed as head of Kublai's pacification commission in 1254 with its headquarters in Jingzhao.",
"He was aided by famous Chinese officials, including his deputy Shang Ting, agricultural promotion commissioner Yao Shu () (1203–1280), superintendent of schools Xu Heng, first secretary Zhao Liangbi () and others.",
"However, in 1257, Kublai was accused that he falsified tax revenues.",
"In reaction, Möngke Khan sent Alamdar (Ariq Böke's close friend and governor in North China) and Liu Taiping, to audit Kublai's officials.",
"They found fault, listed 142 breaches of regulations, accused officials and executed over 20 of them, and thus Lian Xixian's new pacification commission was abolished.Following the abolition, Xixian returned to Kublai's retinue in Shangdu and was appointed as overseer of Kublai's Chinese appanages.",
"He joined the campaign against Southern Song in 1258, in which he managed to ransom 500 Confucian literati.",
"Painting \"Scenic View of the Myriad Willow Hall\" (万柳堂图) by Zhao Mengfu dedicated to Lian Xixian=== Under Kublai ===Following the death of Möngke, his brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai both claimed the throne in 1260, starting Toluid Civil War.",
"Xixian managed to gather support of major Borjigid princes, such as Taghachar, grandson of Temüge to Kublai's side.Xixian was sent to Shanxi and Sichuan as new pacification commissioner in May 1260.General Qunduqai, former general of Möngke, whose 20,000-strong army were stationed in Mountains of Liupan, Sichuan supported Ariq.",
"Accompanying Kadan, Lian crushed rival forces and killed Qunduqai.",
"He later won another victory against Ariq Böke's ally, Liu Taiping, in northwestern China, seizing food supplies intended for Ariq Böke's army.",
"Lian also drove supporters of Ariq Böke out of the towns of Liangzhou and Ganzhou.",
"In southwestern China, his forces protected Sichuan from Ariq Böke's encroaching troops.",
"Kublai paid Kadan and Lian Xixian handsomely for their military service in gifts and promotions.",
"He rewarded Kadan with 300 packs of silk and 300 taels of silver, and appointed Lian Xixian to the position of Prime Minister of the Right in the Secretariat, also known as director of political affairs of the secretariat () in 1263.Now effectively a vice-chancellor he started to reform governance of Yuan Empire, further centralizing the administration.",
"During his service, he built a palace for himself, known as \"Hall of 10,000 Willows\" (currently, part of Diaoyutai State Guesthouse), where famous musicians like Jieyuhua (1264-1294) and artists like Xianyu Shu, Lu Zhi and Zhao Mengfu frequented.",
"Zhao later painted \"Scenic View of the Myriad Willow Hall\", dedicated to Lian Xixian.He urged for removal of Mongol style appanage system and reestablishment of Chinese conserial system, which came into the force in 1268.He even courageously criticized Kublai.",
"This brought him to a direct conflict with other ministers of the court, especially Ahmad Fanakati, who was against censorial system.",
"He was forced into retirement after Ahmad Fanakati accused him of embezzlement, adultery, and other improprieties in 1270.He spent 1270–1274 in his home, reading, writing and tutoring his children.He was recalled to service in 1274 due to numerous petitions by Antong, Wang Yun, Wei Chu (魏初) and other Confucian officials.",
"He was appointed as director of political affairs of the regional secretariat of Beijing province.",
"He administered the Liaodong region together with Qurumshi, Muqali's great-grandson and a cousin of Antong.",
"However, several Mongol princes who had appanages in the region resisted his efforts of centralization.",
"Lian even threatened to report Grand Princess of Lu, Nangiajin (daughter of Kublai) to throne over damaging crops during hunting.Together with Yan Zhongfan, he went to the Song to discuss a surrender.",
"Lian Xixian asked Bayan of Baarin for bodyguards, but Bayan advised that the more bodyguards Lian took with him, the more the likelihood that the Song might harm him.",
"Lian obtained 500 soldiers, but once he arrived at Dusong-guan Pass, the Song general Zhang Ru killed Yan Zhongfan on 12 April 1275.Just a year later he was transferred to Jinghu North Circuit with its capital of Jiangling after its conquest by fellow Uyghur general Ariq Qaya (1226-1286) in 1276.He was recalled to capital in 1278, with Kublai's hopes to reestablish chancellery system.",
"The plan was dropped because of Ahmad Fanakati's objections.",
"Finally after being sick for years, he died on 12 December 1280 in Shangdu and was buried in the Uyghur quarter Weigongcun, Beijing.He was posthumously named '''Wenzheng''' (文正) and created as '''Duke of Wei''' (魏国公) in 1304 by Emperor Chengzong of Yuan."
],
[
"Family",
"He was married twice and had at least 12 children:# A daughter of Mengsuz (1206-1267)#* Lian Fu (廉孚) — Deputy Chief of the Regional Secretarial Council of Liaoyang#* Three daughters# A lady from Wanyan clan#* Lian Ke (廉恪)#* Lian Chen (廉忱)#* Lian Xun (廉恂)#* Lian Heng (廉恆)#* Lian Dun (廉惇)#* Three daughtersChinese artist Lian Quan (1868-1932, 廉泉) who named his studio \"Small Cottage of 10,000 Willows\" after Xixian's villa was Lian Xixian's descendant."
],
[
"References"
]
] |
wikipedia
|
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