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[ [ "ABM Rashedul Hassan" ], [ "Introduction", "'''ABM Rashedul Hassan''' is a Bangladeshi academic and vice-chancellor of the Exim Bank Agricultural University.", "He worked as a counselor at the Bangladesh Institute of Management.", "He is a former treasurer of North South University.", "He is the former registrar and treasurer of Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology." ], [ "Early life", "Hassan's father, Professor Abul Basher, was the founding principal of Azam Khan Government Commerce College in Khulna.", "His mother, Rokeya Begum, was a professor of Govt.", "Pioneer Girl's College, Khulna.", "He did his bachelor's and master's in management at the University of Dhaka.", "He did his Doctor of Business Administration at Lincoln University College, Malaysia." ], [ "Career", "Hassan joined MIDAS Financing Limited as a program officer in 1991.He then went to work for ANZ Grindlays Bank and Bangladesh Institute of Management.Hassan was the first secretary of the labor wing of the Bangladesh High Commission to Malaysia.", "He was a professor of the business school in Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology.", "In 2009, he was the registrar of Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology.", "He had served as the treasurer of Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology in 2013.He was the treasurer of North South University in 2021–2022.Hassan was appointed vice-chancellor of the Exim Bank Agricultural University in September 2022.He is a director of International American Council for Research & Development.", "He is a fellow of the Indian Academic Research's Association.", "He is the president of the Bangladesh wing of Indian Academic Research's Association.", "He is the chairman of the MOVE Foundation." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Glen–Nye flow law" ], [ "Introduction", "In theoretical glaciology and continuum mechanics, the '''Glen–Nye flow law''', also referred to as '''Glen's flow law''', is an empirically derived constitutive relation widely used as a model for the rheology of glacial ice.", "The Glen–Nye flow law treats ice as a purely viscous, incompressible, isotropic, non-Newtonian fluid, with a viscosity determined by a power law relation between strain rate and stress: The effective strain rate (units of s−1) and effective stress (units of Pa) are related to the second principle invariants of their respective tensors.", "The parameters and are scalar constants which have been estimated through a combination of theory and measurements.", "The exponent is dimensionless, and the rate factor takes on the units Pa− s−1.The Glen–Nye flow law simplifies the viscous stress tensor to a single scalar value , the dynamic viscosity, which is determined by tensor invariants of the deviatoric stress tensor and the strain rate tensor .Under the application of sustained force ice will flow as a fluid, and changes to the force applied will result in non-linear changes to the resulting flow.", "This fluid behavior of ice, which the Glen–Nye flow law is intended to represent, is accommodated within the solid ice by creep, and is a dominant mode of glacial ice flow." ], [ "Viscosity definition", "The constitutive relation is developed as a generalized Newtonian fluid, where the deviatoric stress and strain tensors are related by a viscosity scalar:where is the viscosity (units of Pa s), is the deviatoric stress tensor, and is the strain rate tensor.", "In some derivations, (units of Pa−1 s−1) is substituted.This construction makes several assumptions:* Isotropy, as the single proportionality scalar is the same for all tensor components.", "* Incompressibility, as volumetric stress is ignored and only the deviatoric stress can do work.", "* That corresponding components of the two tensors are directly proportional to one another, i.e.", ".", "Theoretically, this assumption results from ignoring the third principle invariant of the tensors; physically, this means that the strain rate can only change along the same axes as the principal stresses.While incompressibility is an accurate assumption for glacial ice, glacial ice can be anisotropic and in general the strain rate may respond perpendicularly to the principal stress.", "''With these assumptions, the stress and strain rate tensors here are symmetric and have a trace of zero, properties that allow their invariants and squares to be simplified from the general definitions.", "''The deviatoric stress tensor is related to an effective stress by its second principal invariant::where Einstein notation implies summation over repeated indices.", "The same is defined for an effective strain rate::From this form, we can recognize that::and :The viscosity is scalar and cannot be negative (a fluid cannot gain energy as it flows), so can be expressed in terms of the invariant effective stress and effective strain rate.Here, the Glen–Nye flow law allows us to substitute for either or , and can be defined in terms of either the effective strain rate or effective stress alone:where (units of Pa s) is sometimes substituted." ], [ "Parameter values", "The Glen–Nye rheology model defines two parameters, and .", "The rate factor has been found empirically to vary with temperature and is often modeled with an Arrhenius relation describing the temperature dependence of creep: :where is the activation energy, is the universal gas constant, and is the absolute temperature.", "The prefactor may be dependent on crystal structure, impurities, damage, or other qualities of the ice.", "Estimates of vary by orders of magnitude and can be derived as a single value from an estimated value for , or by comparing measurements of multiple real world glaciers and experiments, or treated as a scalar field inferred from observations by a numerical inversion of the momentum equation for ice flow at a specific location.Viscous ice flow is an example of shear thinning, which corresponds to .", "Review of research using a variety of methods and field sites have found the range of plausible values to be around with the most commonly used assumption to be a constant .", "However, the value of is also stress dependent, and can reflect different microstructural mechanisms facilitating creep at different stress regimes.Methods to improve estimations of these viscous parameters are an ongoing field of research." ], [ "Limitations", "The use of the word \"law\" in referring to the Glen-Nye model of ice rheology may obscure the complexity of factors which determine the range of viscous ice flow parameter values even within a single glacier, as well as the significant assumptions and simplifications made by the model itself.", "In particular, treatment of the ice as a fluid with bulk properties does not represent and may struggle to capture the cascade of mechanisms which allow the ice to deform at the grain scale in solid state.", "Glacial ice crystals grow on scales of millimeters up to 10 cm, and constant readjustment between grain structure and internal stress results in high variations in strain across the same length-scale as the crystals themselves.", "Additionally, individual ice crystals are not isotropic, and typically are not randomly oriented within the material fabric which undergoes dynamic recrystallization.", "Grain size and fabric orientation are known to influence the creep of glacial ice, but are dynamic properties which also evolve with the stress regime and are not simple to capture in a model.The Glen-Nye flow law also does not render the full range of ice response to stress, including elastic deformation, fracture mechanics (i.e.", "crevasses), and transient phases of creep." ], [ "See also", "* Glaciology* Ice sheet dynamics* Rheology* Ice-sheet model" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Chiquinho Carioca" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Francisco José Marques do Couto''' (born 11 December 1959), better known as '''Chiquinho Carioca''', is a Brazilian former professional footballer and manager who played as a right winger." ], [ "Career", "Revealed by Olaria, Chiquinho was champion of the first edition of Série C in 1981.In the same year, he transferred to Flamengo where he was champion of the 1981 Copa Libertadores and 1982 Campeonato Brasileiro.", "He also played for several years at Guarani FC, being runner-up in Brazil in 1986.He played the last years of his player career in Portugal." ], [ "Managerial career", "He began his management career in Portugal, working for teams such as Cesarense, Feirense and Varzim.", "In 2008 he returned to Brazil and coached smaller football teams in Rio de Janeiro.", "His last club was São Gonçalo FC in 2015." ], [ "Honours", ";OlariaCampeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1981;FlamengoCopa Libertadores: 1981Campeonato Brasileiro: 1982" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Chiquinho Carioca at ogol.com.br" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "A Dog That Pays Off" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''A Dog That Pays Off''''' (French: '''''Un chien qui rapporte''''') is a 1932 French comedy film directed by Jean Choux and starring René Lefèvre, Arletty and Christiane Dor.", "The film's sets were designed by the art directors Robert-Jules Garnier and Marcel Magniez.", "Location shooting took place around Paris including in the Bois de Boulogne and around Pont de Grenelle." ], [ "Synopsis", "Josyane Plaisir, a singer short of money, joins the scheme of a dog owner who suggests that she should borrow his dog in order to ensnare rich men in a scheme.", "However René, the man she does meet through the plan, is himself very poor." ], [ "Cast", "* René Lefèvre as \tRené Brodart * Arletty as \tJosyane Plaisir / Honorine Balut* Médy as Alfred Debarazet* Christiane Dor as \tLucie * Hélène Hallier as \tLoulou Craquelin* Paulette Dubost as \tSuzy* Rose Lorraine as \tGaby* Véra Sherbane as \tAlicette Paradio* Laure Diana as \tLa comtesse de Noyant-Maupré* Madeleine Guitty as \tMme Gras, la concierge* Jean Coquelin as \tHomme qui attend la concierge" ], [ "References" ], [ "Bibliography", "* O'Brien, Charles.", "''Cinema's Conversion to Sound: Technology and Film Style in France and the U.S.''.", "Indiana University Press, 2005.", "* Rège, Philippe.", "''Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1''.", "Scarecrow Press, 2009." ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Nellie Tayloe Sanders" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Nellie Tayloe Sanders''' is an American politician who has served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Education since January 24, 2024." ], [ "Biography", "Nellie Tayloe Sanders graduated from Salve Regina University.In 2013, she started working for the Center of Family Love, a hospice care center that works with disabled people.", "In February 2023, she was appointed to the Oklahoma Statewide Virtual Charter School Board by Senator Greg Treat.", "In June, she voted to approve the charter of St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School.", "In a July meeting, she voted to retain Alliance Defending Freedom to represent the schoolboard in litigation over the approval of St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School.Governor Kevin Stitt appointed Sanders the Oklahoma Secretary of Education on January 24, 2024.She resigned her school board position on January 21, before taking office." ], [ "Personal life", "She is married to Mike Sanders and they have two children.", "She is dyslexic.", "She is the great-granddaughter of Nellie Tayloe Ross, the first woman governor in the United States, and William B. Ross." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2023–24 FIU Panthers women's basketball team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2023–24 FIU Panthers women's basketball team''' represents Florida International University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.", "The Panthers, led by third-year head coach Jesyka Burks-Wiley, play their home games at Ocean Bank Convocation Center in Miami, Florida as members of Conference USA." ], [ "Previous season", "The Panthers finished the 2022–23 season 14–19, 7–13 in C-USA play to finish in a tie for eighth place.", "Due to tiebreakers, they received the #8 seed in the C-USA tournament, they were defeated by #9 seed Charlotte in the quarterfinals.", "They received an invitation into the WBI, where they were defeated by East Tennessee State in the first round and defeated UIC in the consolation round, before defeating North Dakota in the 5th place game." ], [ "Roster" ], [ "Schedule and results", " Non-conference regular season C-USA regular seasonC-USA tournamentSources:" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Salish Sea orcas" ], [ "Introduction", "Southern resident orcas.The waters of the Salish Sea, on the west coast of North America, are home to several ecologically different populations of orcas (''Orcinus orca'').", "Primarily found in these nearshore waters are three major ecotypes: northern residents, southern residents, and transients.", "A fourth population, the offshore orcas, occasionally venture into nearshore waters as well.", "The different ecotypes are so named due to the fact that little direct interaction occurs between them; neither resident nor transient orcas have been observed to interbreed with one another, though occasional brief interactions do occur.Widely studied since the 1960s, the orcas of the Salish Sea region have become icons of cetacean research and identification.", "According to John KB Ford, Graeme B Ellis, and Kenneth C Balcomb, the resident orcas represent \"the most intensively studied population of marine mammals in the world.\"", "The frequency of sightings of orcas in the Sound region, combined with their prominent place in the ecosystem and their charisma, have made them icons of the region, and their likeness features prominently in Native American culture in the Northwest.", "Additionally, they are one of the main targets of the many whale watching industries that have sprung up in the region." ], [ "Overview", "===Southern resident orcas===Southern residents from pod J.The primary range of the southern resident orcas stretches from approximately the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the south coast of Vancouver Island to the Tacoma Narrows and occasionally Hood Canal, with seasonal ranges encompassing the Pacific coast from British Columbia to Monterey Bay.", "The current estimated population size, as of October 2023, is 75 individuals, having recovered from a low of 73 with two recent births.", "Primarily separated into three pods, J, K, and L, all individuals of the southern resident population are considered part of a single clan (descended from a single bloodline).", "The primary distinguishing factor between the southern and northern resident orcas is not linked to appearance; it primarily revolves around their matriarchal status, with males descended from living mothers doing more hunting than males without living mothers in southern residents.", "The three orca pods, J, K, and L, are all part of a single clan and therefore share one lineage.In 1973 a British-Canadian scientist, Michael Bigg, who was studying northern resident orcas in the Georgia Strait, found that minor injuries such as dents in the dorsal fins (in the initial case, he took a plug of flesh from the dorsal fin himself) did not fully heal over time, and remained prominent on the individual for the rest of their lives.", "This led to the use of specific tiny marks in each whale's skin to identify them visually and individually, and continues to be the prime method of identification in the wild.", "Primarily, resident orcas can be identified as belonging to either the northern or southern resident groups by their individual scars and marks, and additionally their distribution during the breeding season, which is mostly during the summer months, can be used to distinguish the two resident groups from one another.", "This, along with charting the distribution of each group of orcas during summer and winter seasons, is the most prominent way of recognizing both individual orcas and the stock to which they belong.", "Both residents and transients are catalogued in this way, and both the Canadian Department of Fisheries and the Center for Whale Research use this to keep track of all individual orcas within the Salish Sea.", "As of 2023, all 73 known southern residents, 310 northern residents, and 349 Bigg's orcas have been catalogued in this way in British Columbia and Washington combined.", "In BC, cataloging orcas is primarily done by the provincial government, while in Washington, the NGO nonprofit Center for Whale Research primarily does the cataloging.Both resident groups of orcas are known for having a more rounded and straight, somewhat slanted towards the back, upward-facing dorsal fin compared to transients, which have a more pointed, sharklike fin going straight up, and a more prominent, grayish \"cape\" on their backs.", "The eyespot of residents is primarily smaller than transients, and is more level with the body, having an upward slant near its rear edge.", "Differences in body size cannot be determined visually; overall however, residents are smaller than transients, with southern residents being the smallest of the three ecotypes.Southern resident orcas chasing chinook salmon (bottom center.Southern resident orcas feed exclusively on fish, with salmon being their preferred prey; it is estimated that up to 80% of the diet of southern residents consists of chinook salmon, mostly coming from the Fraser River.", "Other types of salmon, herring, halibut, and lingcod are also consumed.", "While there is no record of southern resident orcas eating harbor porpoises, at least 78 incidents have been recorded since 1962 involving orcas harassing and hitting harbor porpoises, of which 28 resulted in the porpoise's death; it has never been confirmed whether this is an example of reducing competition for food, rough playing, or actual aggression.The primary reason for the failure to increase among southern residents orcas as well as the overall perilous state of their population, is their low reproductive rates, as the orca is notorious for its slow reproductive rate.", "Females do not mature until they are 10 to 13 years old, and gestation is approximately 15 months.", "With the female maintaining care for her calf until it is two years old, orcas effectively are able to produce a calf only once every 39 months, and thus cannot recover quickly from population depression.", "Inbreeding also has a negative effect on the population.", "The total mortality level in young of the year orcas can be as high as 43% in some cases.===Northern resident orcas===Northern resident A73 \"Springer\" and second calf \"Storm\".The larger population of northern residents primarily ranges from the mid-coast of Alaska south into British Columbia through the Strait of Georgia and both sides of Vancouver Island south to Gray's Harbor, with the bulk of their range encompassing the Strait of Georgia and most of Vancouver Island, and north to Haida Gwaii.", "The northern residents number over 300 whales, with the majority of their seasons spent between Chatham Sound in summer and spend fall in Johnstone Strait and winter in the San Juan Islands, respectively.", "Northern resident orcas are divided into a total of three clans, totaling 16 pods, which is highly indicative of higher genetic diversity compared with the southern residents.", "As with southern residents, northern residents subside mostly on salmon, with chinook again being the primary diet.", "However, northern residents are known to have different hunting techniques that may have assisted in their recovery compared to southern residents.", "In northern residents, females do most of the herding and hunting of salmon, whereas in southern residents, males do most of the hunting.", "It has been found that female southern residents do not actively forage when nursing calves, so males must hunt in their place; in northern residents, females continue to hunt even when nursing calves.", "It is believed that the lack of females available for foraging reduces the amount of necessary cooperation needed to catch food, and thus deprives the orcas of valuable foraging experience.There is no concrete way to tell northern residents apart from southern residents physically, aside from individual markings and scratches, which individuals in both groups may have.", "The calls of both northern and southern residents closely resemble one another, as do overall body shapes, and life history can be assumed to be similar for both types.", "The only primary way of determining which orca belongs to which group focuses primarily on their distribution; only southern residents are known to enter Puget Sound and the Whidbey Island area, and are the primary species found within the San Juan Islands and the southern part of Vancouver Island; whereas northern residents do not usually leave the Strait of Georgia or Johnstone Strait; that said, both types can inhabit the San Juan Islands and southern residents occasionally enter BC waters, so in the end, individual and pod identification are the only clear ways of telling the difference between members of the northern and southern residents pods.", "No known direct interactions between members of the northern and southern resident pods have been known to occur.===Transient orcas===Transient orcas off the coast of Tofino, British Columbia.Little is known about the bloodlines and pods of transient orcas, popularly known as Bigg's orcas, and unlike residents, much less identification via photo-ID has been conducted, largely due to them never sticking in one place for an extended period of time and less knowledge of overall pod structure compared to residents.", "Nevertheless, transients have been identified in increasing numbers over the years, and like residents, can be identified individually due to marks and scars on their bodies.", "Known for their more shark-like fins, large size, solid gray patches, and larger eyespots, transient orcas are found throughout the Salish Sea region, which is perhaps the bulk of their overall occurrence.", "Their primary calls, which differ from residents, are composed of a series of click-like vocalizations and harsh, screaming sounds primarily used to frighten and trap prey when hunting.", "The primary diet of transient orcas includes harbor seals, Steller sea lions, harbor porpoises, Dall's porpoises, Pacific white-sided dolphins, and minke whales.", "Among these, the harbor seal is the most commonly taken prey; one survey estimated that more than half of the diet of transients in the Salish Sea region consists of harbor seals.", "Attacks on large whales in the region are relatively rare; some isolated incidents of transients harassing gray whales and humpback whales sometimes occur and observed predation has been observed many times in areas outside the Salish Sea, but no incidents of successful predation have been observed.", "However, interactions do sometimes become spectacular; in October 2022, a rare battle near Vancouver was observed between a pod of transients and humpbacks that eventually ended with the group disappearing into the fog, with the ultimate outcome unknown for both parties.Having split from other orcas 750,000 years ago, no interbreeding occurs between transient and resident orcas.", "Interactions between transients and residents are very rare; they actively avoid one another and are never known to socialize.", "Nevertheless, when interactions do occur, it seems the residents, despite being smaller and less carnivorous, dominate the transients.", "In 2021, southern residents K16 and L72 surfaced in the midst of a pod of transient pod's hunt of an unknown prey species.", "After a short scuffle, the transients left the area at top speed, leaving the area to the residents.", "A similar but more brutal encounter was recorded in 1993, when transients were attacked by members of the J-pod and forced almost onto the rocks at Nanaimo.", "After a battle that lasted for at least several minutes, the transients fled the area with scars, leaving the victorious residents to regroup.Transient orca harassed by dolphins, Johnstone Strait.===Offshore orcas===Offshore orcas, first described in 1979, are primarily found more than 10 miles (16 km) offshore.", "Just over 280 offshore orcas are known from the Eastern North Pacific, primarily occurring off the coast of British Columbia.", "Although forays into the Salish Sea are rare, the area immediately offshore, including the Barkley submarine canyon, is home to large numbers of the offshore version.", "In contrast to transient and resident orcas, the teeth of offshore orcas are usually quite worn-down and often blunt; this has been confirmed to be linked to their primary diet - sharks - and the tough skin they possess, making their lives potentially shorter as a result.", "The sharks most commonly taken are mako, thresher, sevengill, and on rare occasions, great white sharks.", "The first recorded incidence of orca predation on great white sharks, in 1997, may have involved an offshore whale." ], [ "Human history", "The first known interactions between Salish Sea orcas and humans occurred in the early 1960s, when fishermen in Seymour Narrows, near Campbell River, BC, began to complain of orcas taking salmon from nets and interfering with fishing operations.", "At the time, orcas were not only viewed as costly competition with fishermen for salmon, but as dangerous and threatening to humans as well, and were viewed negatively across the region.", "In response to these complaints, a machine gun was installed at Seymour Narrows with the intent of killing any orca that passed by.", "The gun was never fired and removed after a few months, but was representative of the negative view of orcas which persisted for years afterward.", "Despite their reputation as vicious man-eaters, fascination with them led to many wanting to see them close-up, alive or dead, to understand more about what at the time was a largely unknown creature.", "In 1964, Vancouver Aquarium curator Murray Newman requested the harpooning of an orca to act as a template for a life-sized sculpture that would greet museum visitors.", "A team led by Sam Burich and Ronald Sparrow were sent out to capture an orca.", "On July 16, 1964, a pod was sighted and one of the whales was harpooned, but it didn't die as expected.", "Not wishing to seem inhumane, Newman instructed the team not to kill the whale but instead tow it to a netted-off area at Burrard Dry Dock near the Vancouver Aquarium.", "While the initial motive in keeping the whale was to provide a template for the sculpture and present scientists with a unique opportunity to study a little-known creature, the aquarium soon became overwhelmed with visitors eager to see an orca for the first time.", "Within weeks, the whale had become a national interest, and was given the name Moby Doll.", "By now, the whale was marketed as a public attraction and began to spark interest in other aquariums for catching orcas.", "Moby Doll ultimately did not last for long, and died October 9, 1964, from an illness caused by the low water salinity at Burrard Dry Dock and complications from his harpoon wounds.Undeterred by the short life of Moby Doll, others soon set out to capture orcas from the Puget Sound region.", "The first, and most famous, was in fact accidental.", "In June 1965, a large bull orca became trapped in a salmon net near Namu, BC, and was sold to animal collector Ted Griffin for $8000.Naming the whale Namu after its place of capture, Griffin had it put in the care of the Seattle Marine Aquarium, which he owned at the time.", "For over a year Namu entertained millions, even starring in a film named after him, and was a pace-setter in the field of orca captures, with dozens of aquariums from this point on undertaking orca captures, intending to replicate the success of Namu.", "It was during this time that a female orca named Shamu was captured from Puget Sound and intended to be a potential mate for Namu, but the two did not get along and Shamu was sent to SeaWorld San Diego in late 1965, beginning a tradition of keeping orcas at SeaWorld that continues to this day.", "Namu died in July 1966; it was initially believed that he had drowned after trying a \"freedom break\" to get out of his pen, but a subsequent autopsy revealed that he died of a bacterial infection caused by sewage runoff into Elliott Bay.Subsequently, orca captures became widespread worldwide; an estimated 263 orcas were captured in the Salish Sea region alone between 1962 and 1977.Of these, 50 were taken to oceanariums, 12 died during capture, and 201 were ultimately released without being taken anywhere.", "While the fact that the majority were released is in itself positive, the impact on local populations was magnified in that 47 of the 62 captured or killed orcas were southern residents, which corresponded to more than half the entire southern resident population.", "Many believe the failure of the southern residents to increase over the past few decades has been linked to the loss of genetic diversity resulting from the 1960s captures.", "The fact that all three pods (J, K, L) interbreed and interact regularly additionally creates a problem for the survivors, as no pod maintains its historical diversity due to the captures of key individuals.", "In 1970, the notorious Penn Cove capture resulted in the deaths of five calves and the capture of seven more, including the female Lolita (Tokitae) who died in 2023 after 53 years in captivity.", "The brutality of the event led to a permit system being levied by Washington state in 1971, to control the amount of orcas that could be herded.", "This was soon superseded by the federal Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which forbade the killing or harassment of any marine mammal, and since capturing whales was regarded as harassment under the Act, orca captures essentially came to an end following the Act's passage.Southern residents, Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.However, there did remain an exemption clause: an economic hardship clause that SeaWorld continued to exploit as a means of continuing orca capture operations.", "Until 1976 in Washington and 1977 in BC, SeaWorld carried out small-scale captures of whales in Salish Sea waters.", "Even these would soon come to an end when a particularly cruel attempt at capture was observed by Ralph Monroe, an aid to Governor Dan Evans, observed the orcas in distress and stopped the capture.", "Upon further investigation, Monroe phoned Governor Evans, who filed a federal restraining order against, SeaWorld, forbidding them from taking any whales to their location.", "After a legal battle, the state won, and all orca captures in Washington came to an end.", "Those in BC came to an end a year later, in 1977.Orca captures in other areas such as Iceland continued well into the 1980s.", "The modern studies of orca behavior and social life in the Salish Sea first came to the public eye in the early 1970s with the works of Mike Bigg.", "At the same time he developed the technique of identifying individual whales via their scars and body patterns, but by their habits and the others they associated themselves with.", "Bigg was the first to identify transient orcas as completely different in eating habits, behavior, and distribution than resident orcas which is why they bear his name.", "His recommendation in the late 1970s that orcas be placed on the endangered list in Canada served as a pace-settler for orca conservation, and fueled interest in protecting the animals throughout the region.", "The first sanctuary specifically designed to protect cetaceans was established in 1982 in Robson Bight, part of Johnstone Strait, and was dedicated in honor of Bigg.", "Prior to his death in 1990, Bigg had lobbied for the inclusion of orcas on the Canadian threatened list, and while he never lived to see them listed, four of the five known populations in Canada, including the northern residents, were listed as \"At Risk\" in 2001.In 2008, Johnstone Strait and southeastern Queen Charlotte Strait were designated as critical habitat for northern resident orcas.", "Likewise, NOAA designated all of Puget Sound and the Juan de Fuca Strait as southern resident orca critical habitat in 2006, and updated it in 2021 to include all coastal waters of the Northwest from Cape Flattery to Monterey Bay.Threats to orcas in the modern world include ship traffic, pollution, dams, and arguably most important, conflict with humans for food.", "Since the 1980s, salmon populations in Puget Sound have declined by 60%, and hatcheries have made only marginal success in helping them recover.", "The primary food source of southern residents is Fraser River salmon, which provide over 70% of all salmon that run in the system.", "While Fraser River salmon as a whole are not currently endangered, chinook - which provide more than three-quarters of the diet of southern residents - have declined by more than half in the last decades, largely due to hatchery mismanagement, botched recovery plans, and an industry-based approach to solving environmental problems.", "The Skagit, Snohomish, and Puyallup chinook runs are also gravely depleted, and as of the last major 5-year salmon recovery plan (2016), all chinook salmon populations in the Puget Sound drainage system are currently listed as below recovery escape levels (that is, the level at which the population can be considered on the road to recovery).", "The Fraser salmon fare little better; 14 of 16 stocks of chinook that spawn in the Fraser are listed as threatened or endangered by Canada's Species At Risk Act, so in total, only two potential stocks of chinook with a home range including Puget Sound are at a viable population size.Since the 1980s, Salish Sea orcas have become icons of the wild nature of the region and an emblem of the charismatic megafauna of Puget Sound, and a reminder that the region's nature is precious and worth saving.", "In the forty years since the Johnstone Strait was first declared protected in 1982, almost the entire Johnstone Strait-Georgia Strait region, as well as Puget Sound and most of the strait of Juan de Fuca, has been declared critical orca habitat.", "While symbolically a major victory, the level of human impacts on the whales have largely continued despite the designation, as it has no legal basis to regulate human activity in the whales' range.", "Equally worrying is the high list of toxic chemicals the orcas have accumulated in their bloodstream over years of living in industrially-polluted waters.", "Most notorious of these are PCBs, which may be responsible for deformities resulting in miscarriages and stillbirths as documented in Tahlequah's calf in 2018.Additionally, it has recently been revealed that southern residents contain large amounts of 4NP, a toxic chemical used in pulp and paper production, that when ingested, stay in the whales' systems for life, and can even pass from mothers to calves during gestation.", "In 2008, the first recovery plan for the southern residents was released by NOAA, which constituted an overview of the life history of the population as well as their prospects for recovery.", "The main factors identified as inhibiting the recovery of the orcas were: sonar activities caused by naval exercises, collisions with ships transiting through orca habitat, growth and developmental problems caused by chemical ingestion, and foremost, loss of salmon caused by degradation of salmon streams.", "The updated recovery plan in 2016-2020 stated the primary threats to orcas as two sources: negative interactions with vessels and depletion of their food sources (salmon), along with minor threats including protection of orca health, habitat, and conservation through outreach.", "While most of the aspects of this plan are based on solid ground and it has the potential to make an impact, as of 2024, no significant progress has been made on restoring the salmon runs of Puget Sound or the Fraser River.", "Added to this is the lack of speed limits or shipping lanes to ensure boating and shipping traffic does not collide with orcas.", "While the current southern resident population appears to have stabilized with the birth of a new calf and the death of male K34 in 2023, leaving it at 74 individuals, little progress on recovery can be expected until the recovery plan set by NOAA is 2016 is firmly implemented, with the primary focus being restoration of salmon runs." ], [ "Individual whales", "===Luna===Luna was a male orca from the southern resident L pod, and was known to identifiers as L98.Known for his inquisitive and friendly nature, he took up residence in Nootka Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island, he was separated from his pod in 2001 (a year in which five members of the pod died) and lived on his own in the Sound for almost five years.", "His increasing friendliness to humans and desire to interact with boats caused concern, and the Canadian DFO attempted to form a committee to remove him and take him back to his pod, but this was dropped after opposition from locals.", "In March 2006, after getting too close to a tugboat whose crew he knew and frequently interacted with, he was sucked into the propeller vortex and was killed.===Springer===Springer in 2002, as a calf.Springer is a female northern resident from the A pod, official name A73, and was found as a calf in Seattle's Elliott Bay in January 2002.It is considered highly unusual for northern resident orcas to enter Puget Sound, as this is primarily the domain of the southern residents.", "After the calf continued to stay in the area for several months, displaying highly uncharacteristic behaviors including rubbing against boats and following any traffic that entered her area, along with declining physical health, the decision was made to catch her and transport her to a sea pen, where she was raised for a month.", "Originally this was intended to be 1–2 years, as it was believed she would have to be brought up to BC to see her pod, but when her family was detected in Johnstone Strait in July, and she appeared to be in good health, she was taken up to Campbell River and released into her pod, who welcomed her.", "She has since given birth to two healthy calves.===Lolita (Tokitae)===Lolita performing at Miami Seaquarium.Lolita was a southern resident of the L pod, captured in Penn Cove in 1970, and spent the majority of her life at Miami Seaquarium in Florida.", "At the time of her death in 2023, she was the last remaining captive orca from the 1960s-1970s Washington captures prior to the implementation of the Marine Mammal Protection Act.", "With five decades of captivity having taken their toll, she was in the process of succumbing to skin lesions, with a chronic lung infection continuing to weaken her body.", "Since the death of Hugo, a male orca captured with her, in 1980, Lolita had been the only orca at Miami Seaquarium, though she did share her tank with common dolphins, pilot whales, and Pacific white- sided dolphins throughout her time at Seaquarium.", "The failure to release Lolita, as well as her overall living standards before her passing, have become an iconic symbol of the plight of captive orcas.===Granny===Granny in 2011.Granny (southern resident J2) was the oldest fully authenticated wild orca on record, with an age of at least 65 years at the time of her presumed death in October 2016.Her exact age will never be known; she was first sighted in 1967, during an orca capture, and was considered too old for capture due to her age (estimated at more than 40, due to her being judged too old to bear calves).", "A later sighting of her in 1971 seemed to confirm that she had borne calves, with the male accompanying her (J1 Ruffles) seeming to be her son, though this was later suggested as false.", "Her age was initially estimated at 105 at the time of her death, due to her being thought to have been born in 1911, though with the revelation that J1 was not her calf, and a biopsy sample taken in 2016 just before her death, her actual age was estimated at 65–80 years old." ], [ "In popular culture", "Boaters watching northern resident orca in Johnstone Strait.Since the 1980s, when the plight of the whales due to human actions attracted the attention of residents throughout the Northwest, the Salish Sea orcas have become an iconic natural treasure of the region and a symbol of the productiveness of the area.", "Many whale watching organizations throughout the region target the orcas, including both residents and transients, and often work with nonprofit organizations like the Center for Whale Research and The Whale Museum to conserve the orcas.", "Native American tribes throughout the area hold the whales in high regard.", "The Lummi Nation in particular has been outspoken in its relationship with the animals.", "Within the tribe the orca is regarded as intrinsic relatives, some considering them the reincarnated spirits of chiefs, and in particular, they were instrumental in the ultimately unsuccessful attempt to bring Lolita back from Miami Seaquarium back to Puget Sound.", "The Tulalip tribe of Everett also hold orcas in high regard, with the animal often displayed on totem poles and artwork designs, and is the official mascot of the Tulalip Casino and Resort.Bull orca approaching boat, Victoria, BC, Canada.Orca totem pole, Alert Bay, BC." ], [ "See also", "Orca types and populationsList of cetaceans" ], [ "References" ], [ "Further reading", "*****" ], [ "External links", " Orca-Live – Orcas in Johnstone Strait, British Columbia* Salish Sea Hydrophone Network – Listen live to orcas in Washington State, U.S.* Center for Whale Research* The Whale Museum" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Sandy Arespacochaga" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alexander \"Sandy\" Arespacochaga''' (born April 8, 1977) is a former collegiate basketball player who currently serves as an assistant coach of Ateneo Blue Eagles, and TNT Tropang Giga." ], [ "Career", "=== Ateneo ===Arespacocahaga played for the Blue Eagles from 1993 to 1997.He served as the head coach of the team twice, first in 2004 with Norman Black as its consultant.", "After Black's reassignment to talk and Text, and joining him in 2012, Arespacochaga was also a top candidate to be the next head coach, but Bo Perasol was chosen.He returned as head coach in 2016 when Tab Baldwin was consultant, but only for a short period as Baldwin formally takes over and reappointing him as assistant coach.=== PBA ===Arespacochaga joined Norman Black in Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters in 2012.In 2014, after Black's reassignment to Meralco Bolts, he was designated to be an assistant coach to Boyet Fernandez at NLEX Road Warriors.", "In 2019, he returned to the now-TNT Tropang Giga (formerly Talk 'N Text).=== Batang Gilas ===He was appointed in Batang Gilas (Philippines U-19) in 2019, replacing Josh Reyes." ], [ "Coaching record", "=== Collegiate record ===Season Team Eliminations PlayoffsWLPCTFinishPGWLPCTResultsAteneo Blue Eagles (UAAP)2004 Ateneo 10 4 .714 3rd 2 0 2 .000 Final Four2017 Ateneo 4 3 .571 2nd — — — — (Reassigned)Totals 14 7 .667 2 0 2 .000 0 championships" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Louis Freiman" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Louis Freiman''' (, 1892 — January 30, 1967) was a notable figure in the world of Yiddish theatre, renowned for his contributions as a playwright.", "His extensive body of work, spanning several decades, has been instrumental in shaping the landscape of Jewish theatrical expression." ], [ "Early life and career", "Louis Freiman, originally named Leyzer Genyuk, was born in 1892 in Ostropolye, Volhynian Governorate, Russia.", "His father was a contractor.", "He received education in cheders, a yeshiva, and a municipal school in Alt Konstantin.", "Additionally, he sang with a cantor.", "In 1907, at the age of 15, he was brought to St. Louis by a cousin, where he adopted his mother's family name.In the initial phase of his career, Freiman balanced his life between work and his passion for the arts.", "In the evenings, he was employed as a newspaper delivery person, a job that provided him the opportunity to engage with the local community.", "During this time, Freiman began to cultivate his creative talents by writing short skits for ''Di yidishe prese'', a local Yiddish newspaper.", "This period is recognized as the early stage of his involvement with the literary and theatrical communities, laying the groundwork for his future contributions to the arts.Driven by an inherent desire to be involved in the theatrical arts, Freiman took a significant step by establishing a Yiddish dramatic association.", "This platform not only allowed him to express his creative vision but also served as a venue for showcasing his talent.", "He wrote two one-act plays for the association, which were duly performed.", "Among these early works, ''Der roiter shabes'' is particularly notable.", "Set against the backdrop of Shabbat, the play adds a rich cultural layer to Freiman's artistic expression." ], [ "Contributions to Yiddish theatre", "In 1911, Freiman's journey took him to Chicago, a city with a burgeoning Yiddish vaudeville scene.", "Here, he became an integral part of the Yiddish vaudeville troupe led by Philip Weisenfreund (who was the father of Paul Muni), contributing over three seasons not only as an actor but also as a playwright.", "During this prolific period, he penned numerous vaudeville pieces that were subsequently performed by the troupe, indicating his growing influence in the theatrical domain.Parallel to his vaudeville contributions, Freiman was also engaged in writing plays.", "Among these, ''Der blinder moler'' (The Blind Painter) emerged as a significant work.", "Staged in the Folks Theatre by David Kessler, the play resonated deeply with audiences, not just in the United States but also in Europe, particularly in Warsaw.", "The success of ''Der blinder moler'' was so profound that, in 1927, the play was published without the knowledge of the author in ''Shapiro Bookstore''.Through these early endeavors, Freiman laid the foundation for what would become a storied career in the Yiddish theatre, demonstrating not only his artistic prowess but also his dedication to the cultural enrichment of the Yiddish-speaking community.", "Freiman's work often revolved around melodramas and musical comedies, genres that were immensely popular among Yiddish-speaking audiences.", "His plays were known for their depth, emotional resonance, and the ability to capture the complexities of Jewish life.", "Some of his notable works include ''Ir Groyser Sud'' (Her Great Secret), ''Zayn Farshpilte Velt'' (His Lost World), and ''Dem Zaydens Gelibte'' (Grandpa's Sweetheart), among others.", "His works were not confined to the American stage but also found their way to international venues, including theatres in Buenos Aires." ], [ "Notable works", "Freiman's career in the Yiddish theatre was marked by numerous successful plays and operettas, staged in prominent theaters in America and around the world.", "His works often featured music by notable composers, adding depth and appeal to the performances.", "* ''Ir groyser sud (Her Great Secret)'' (1927): A melodrama staged at Gabel's People's Theatre, featuring Jennie Goldstein and Max Gabel in lead roles.", "* ''Zayn farshpilte velt (His Lost World)'' (1927): A melodrama staged at Chicago's Palace Theatre and the Rolland Theatre, with music by Sholom Secunda.", "* ''Dem zaydens gelibte (Grandpa's Sweetheart)'' (1927): Presented at the Public Theatre, the play was complemented by Herman Wohl's music.", "* ''Dos lid fun libe (The Song of Love)'' (1928): Staged at the Rolland Theatre, this production featured lyrics by H. Gudelman and music by Sholom Secunda.", "* ''Senorita'' (1928): A musical comedy that found success at the Rolland Theatre and later across many Yiddish theaters globally.", "* ''Tseshterte sonayim (Disturbed Conditions)'' (1929): Staged at the Teatro Excelsior in Buenos Aires.", "* ''Dos radio meydl (The Radio Girl)'' (1929): An operetta presented at the Second Avenue Theatre, featuring music by Joseph Rumshinsky.", "* ''Di eybike kale (The Eternal Bride)'' (1929): Staged at the Prospect Theatre with music by Philip Laskowsky, this play was also performed in Argentina in 1936.", "* ''A meydl on a nomen (A Girl Without a Name)'' (1929): Presented at the Liberty Theatre.", "* ''Freylekhe teg (Happy Days)'' (1930): An operetta staged at the Lawndale Theatre in Chicago.", "* ''Der letster tants (The Last Dance)'' (1930): An operetta that was staged internationally and in Israel in 1960.", "* ''Zise momentn (Sweet Moments)'' (1930): An operetta featuring music by Sholom Secunda, staged at the Rolland Theatre.", "* ''Parizer libe (Parisian Love)'' (1931): An operetta presented in Buenos Aires at the Teatro Nuevo.", "* ''Shtif-shvester (Stepsister)'' (1931): Staged in Philadelphia's Arch Street Theatre and the Rolland Theatre, featuring Jennie Goldstein.", "* ''Dray farlibte (Three Loves)'' (1931–1932): An operetta that opened the season at the Public Theatre and was later adapted into the film ''Dem khazns zundl (The Cantor's Son)''.", "* ''Der vilner khazn (The Vilna Cantor)'' (1931): An operetta starring William Schwartz, staged at the Metropolitan Theatre in Newark.", "* ''Eygene sonim'' (1932): Staged by the Adler family in Chicago and across the American province, as well as in New York and London.", "* ''Dos freylekhe shnayderl (The Jolly Tailor)'' (1932): Staged with Bella Mysell and Herman Yablokoff, and later performed in the Land of Israel.", "* ''Der treviling saylesman (The Traveling Salesman)'' (1932): Presented at the Second Avenue Theatre.", "* ''Dos lid fun yisroel (The Song of Israel)'' (1932–33): An operetta that opened the season at the Rolland Theatre, with music by Joseph Rumshinsky.", "* ''Der komediantshtshik'' (1934): An operetta staged in the Second Avenue Theatre and later in Argentina and Europe.", "* ''An eydem oyf kest'' (1934): A musical comedy staged at the Hopkinson Theatre, featuring music by Benjamin Blank.", "* ''Fishl der gerotener'' (1935–36): A musical comedy that opened the season at the Yiddish Folks Theatre, with music by Joseph Rumshinsky and staged by Menasha Skulnik." ], [ "Legacy", "Louis Freiman passed away in 1967, leaving behind a rich legacy that continued to influence Yiddish theatre and Jewish cultural expression.", "The impact of his work is evident in the continued study and performance of his plays, reflecting the enduring relevance of his contributions to this art form.", "His manuscripts and personal papers, preserved in various archives, offer valuable insight into the themes and styles that characterized his artistic vision.", "The Louis Freiman Papers, housed at the Center for Jewish History, serve as a testament to his prolific career and are an invaluable resource for researchers and enthusiasts of Yiddish theatre." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "AI era" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''AI era''', also known as the '''AI revolution''', is the ongoing period of global transition of the human economy and society towards post-scarcity economics and post-labor society enabled by artificial intelligence (AI).", "Many have suggested that this period started around the early 2020s, with the release of generative AI models including large language models such as ChatGPT, which replicated aspects of human cognition, reasoning, attention, creativity and general intelligence commonly associated with human abilities.", "This enabled software programs that were capable of replacing or augmenting humans in various domains that traditionally required human reasoning and cognition, such as writing, translation, and computer programming.The AI revolution could mark a major turning point in human history, comparable to the invention of the Internet, electricity and the Industrial Revolution, technologies which have impacted virtually every industry and facet of life.", "It may also mark a major turning point in the billions of years of history of life and evolution towards the development of artificial life, artificial general intelligence and superintelligence, comparable to the Cambrian explosion or the evolution of multicellular life." ], [ "Prerequisites", "The AI revolution was primarily driven by the convergence of technological advancements, the existence of large datasets, and the availability of advanced and affordable computing power.", "These factors played a critical role in enabling the development of large AI models, which have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence.=== Technological advancements ===The AI era was catalyzed by key technological developments, including breakthroughs in machine learning algorithms, notably deep learning, which enabled computers to analyze and learn from large datasets with unprecedented efficiency.", "Key advancements included:* Transformer architecture: Enabled the scalability of large-language models with unsupervised learning on large-scale datasets, largely sourced from the Internet, training language models on how to write congruent human-like text, and powering technologies such as ChatGPT.", "* Reinforcement learning from human feedback: Enabled the alignment of AI models through human feedback, creating AI assistants capable of solving problems or completing tasks when prompted by humans.=== Large datasets ===The availability of large datasets has been a crucial factor in the AI revolution.", "These datasets, often sourced from the Internet, provide the vast amount of information needed to train and refine AI models through unsupervised learning.", "The diversity and size of these datasets have enabled the development of more accurate and robust AI systems, capable of handling complex tasks and making better predictions.The Internet was largely responsible for this exponential growth in data, creating a primary source of diverse and extensive data, including accessible public databases and user-generated content from social media, online forums, news, and other digital platforms such as Wikipedia.=== Advanced and affordable computing power ===The growth of AI has been propelled by significant advancements in computing technology, particularly in the areas of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) and TPUs (Tensor Processing Units).", "These specialized processors are capable of handling the complex calculations required for AI algorithms, especially in deep learning." ], [ "Societal effects", "Artificial intelligence has had a significant impact on humanity, including discussions on redefining what it means to be a human during an era in which artificial intelligence surpasses expert-human level abilities in a wide and general variety of skills, leading to a situation where humans may no longer need or be able to work.In a 2023 report from ResumeBuilder, more than one-third (37%) of business leaders claimed AI replaced workers in 2023.In 2023, Asana, a project management and collaboration software company, found in a survey that 29% of employees say their work tasks are replaceable with AI.", "AI systems have already started to replace entire job categories where AIs exhibit super-human abilities such as translation, and writing.In a study by OpenAI, a leading company in the development of artificial general intelligence and the developer of ChatGPT, conducted a research report that found humans labeled 15 occupations (such as mathematicians, tax preparers, writers & authors, Web and digital interface designers) as fully exposed when combined with GPT-powered software, whereas the GPT-4 model itself labeled 86 occupations as fully exposed.There have been significant numbers of proponents of a move towards a universal basic income in order to cope with the predicted wide-scale loss of jobs as AI becomes more advanced and capable.There has been significant concern of potential extinction of humans due to unaligned AI models.", "Some examples of concerns include the potential abilities of AI models to create novel pathogens with high infectiousness and mortality that could lead to the collapse of human society.Physicist Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have expressed concerns about the possibility that AI could develop to the point that humans could not control it, and that this could spell the end of the human race." ], [ "Future developments", "A number of frontier AI companies including OpenAI, Meta AI and Google DeepMind have stated their primary missions are to develop artificial general intelligence, which is either a type of artificial intelligence that can out-compete humans at most economically valuable tasks, or a type capable of recursive self-improvement, enabling it to learn or program new capabilities that it did not originally have.OpenAI is working on learning how to align a superintelligence smarter than the humans creating it, a concept referred to as superalignment." ], [ "See also", "* AI winter, a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research* Technological singularity* Artificial consciousness* Technological unemployment* History of artificial intelligence* Recursive self-improvement" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Alabaster Peak" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alabaster Peak''' is an mountain summit located 35 miles (56 km) east of Palmer, in the northern Chugach Mountains of Alaska.", "This peak of the Matanuska Valley is set midway between Anchorage and Glennallen, and can be seen from the Glenn Highway.", "It is situated 15 miles (24 km) west of Matanuska Glacier and south of Awesome Peak.", "Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Coal, Monument, and Gravel creeks, which are tributaries of the Matanuska River.", "Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises along the west slope in one mile (1.6 km).", "The first ascent of the summit was made on July 4, 1970, by Robert Spurr, Bob Pelz, and Royce Purinton via the Spectrum Glacier and North Ridge.", "This mountain's toponym has not been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names, so it is only marked as \"8065\" on USGS maps." ], [ "Climate", "Based on the Köppen climate classification, Alabaster Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers.", "Weather systems coming off the Gulf of Alaska are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall.", "Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.", "This climate supports small unnamed glaciers and permanent snowfields on its slopes.", "The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing." ], [ "See also", "Matanuska FormationGeography of Alaska" ], [ "Gallery", "File:Awesome Peak.jpg\|Alabaster is the white peak to left in back, Awesome Peak (center), Peak 7417 to right File:Amulet Peak rising above Matanuska River.jpg\|Amulet Peak (left), Matanuska River, Awesome Peak to right of center, and Alabaster Peak centered in backFile:Snowy Mountain Valley.jpg\|Alabaster Peak centered in back, looking though valley of Monument Creek" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Weather forecast: National Weather Service" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Jorel Nelson" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Jorel Nelson''' (born May 17, 1992) is an American professional wrestler, currently appearing for New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he is a member of Team Filthy.", "He was named after the character Jor-El from DC Comics' Superman franchise." ], [ "Professional wrestling career", "=== Early career ===Nelson was scouted by wrestler Aaron Bolo to pursue professional wrestling after seeing Nelson at several local independent shows.", "He started his training at Tulalip Championship Wrestling in Marysville, Washington under the tutelage of Bolo, Ethan H. D., Mike Santiago, Kellen Raeth, Damon James, and Caden Mathews.", "He furthered his training by attending the Buddy Wayne Academy in Everett, Washington.", "In addition to TCW, Nelson would regally wrestle for Don't Own Anyone Pro Wrestling in Portland, Oregon and West Coast Wrestling Connection in Salem, Oregon.Nelson would start to wrestle for promotions in Southern California in 2016.He would also receive several interactions with WWE.", "In October 2012, Nelson attended a WWE Tryout Camp in Tampa, Florida.", "On August 8, 2016, Nelson made his first WWE appearance in a loss against Braun Strowman on ''WWE Raw''.", "The next night, Nelson faced Kane in a dark match for WWE Main Event in Bakersfield.=== Empire Wrestling Federation (2016-2018) ===The \"Greatest Show in the Ring\" Jorel Nelson had his first match with Empire Wrestling Federation on March 12, 2016, against the \"Mega King\" Tommy Wilson.", "During his first year, Nelson became a two-time EWF American Heavyweight Champion.", "His first reign begun after he defeated Anthony Idol at a private EWF event.", "He would lose the title lose the title to Wilson in September before regaining it at another private event.", "His second title reign would come to an end when he was defeated by Idol at ''The Big Event'' on October 16, 2016.Nelson became EWF Tag Team Champions with Davion Foreman on December 1, 2017, after defeating H.A.T.E.", "(Che Cabrera and Rico Dynamite).", "Nelson and Foreman would hold the titles until April 6, 2018, in a loss to Calder McColl and Dr. Kruger.", "The team parted ways with Nelson putting his focus now on singles competition.", "Turning heel, Nelson targeted the EWF Heavyweight Champion, Andy Brown.", "Nelson and Brown fight on July 6, 2018, to a No Contest.Frustrated by being cheated by \"Friar\" Juan Roman in their matches and teaming with Foreman in the tag team division, Nelson stole Brown title belt and renamed himself just '''The Greatest Show'''.", "In their rematch on August 31, 2018, the Greatest Show would lose definitively to Brown for the Heavyweight Title.", "Nelson would leave the promotion after his final match with Richie Slade at ''Jingle Slam 9'' on December 12, 2018.=== New Japan Pro Wrestling (2021-present) ===On on May 7, 2021, Nelson made his New Japan Pro-Wrestling debut during ''NJPW Strong's''.", "Known as the West Coast Wrecking Crew, he, Nelson defeated Jordan Clearwater and Misterioso with his tag team partner, Royce Isaacs.", "During the first week of Strong's version of the ''Summer Struggle'' event, Isaacs and Nelson were defeated by Danny Limelight and J. R. Kratos of Team Filthy.", "Despite the West Coast Wrecking Crew's loss, Team Filthy's leader \"Filthy\" Tom Lawlor liked what he saw out of them.", "He asked if they wanted to join Team Filthy and Isaacs and Nelson accepted.", "The West Coast Wrecking Crew would prove themselves to be consistent challengers for the Strong Openweight Tag Team Championships facing challengers like the Motor City Machine Guns, TMDK, Aussie Open, and the Guerrillas of Destiny (Hikuleo, and El Phantasmo).=== All Elite Wrestling/Ring of Honor (2021, 2023) ===Isaacs has participated on several All Elite Wrestling programs.", "He debuted as one half of the West Coast Wrecking Crew with Isaacs against the Varsity Blondes (Griff Garrison and Brian Pillman Jr.) on the March 10, 2021 edition of ''AEW Dark''.", "Nelson debuted for Ring of Honor on November 11, 2023, with Isaacs in a four-way tag team match against the WorkHorsemen (Anthony Henry & JD Drake) defeat the Infantry (Carlie Bravo & Shawn Dean) and Iron Savages (Boulder & Bronson) on Honor Club." ], [ "Filmography", "===Television=== Year Title Role Notes2021''B Positive''Trainer\"Canine Extraction\"" ], [ "Championships and accomplishments", "===Professional wrestling==='''DEFY Wrestling'''DEFY Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Royce Isaacs'''Empire Wrestling Federation'''EWF American Heavyweight Championship (2 times)EWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Davion Foreman'''Future Stars Of Wrestling'''FSW Tag Team Championship (3 times, current) - with Royce Isaacs'''Winner's Circle Pro-Wrestling'''*WCPW Tag Team Champion (1 time, current) - with Royce Isaacs" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Companhia Docas do Pará" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Companhia Docas do Pará''', commonly shortened '''CDP''', is a company that manages the ports of the state of Pará.", "Founded in 1967, it has been a joint-stock company since 1969, with the Federal Government of Brazil as its majority shareholder.The company manages and commercially exploits the ports and other port facilities in Pará.In addition to its corporate activities, it also controls the Eastern Amazon waterways: the Teles Pires-Tapajós and the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Kakashi (album)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Kakashi''''' is a studio album by Japanese saxophonist and composer Yasuaki Shimizu.", "It was originally released in 1982 through the Better Days label.", "The album was recorded at Nippon Columbia Studios in Tokyo, while production was handled by Shimizu and Aki Ikuta.The music on ''Kakashi'' melds genres including jazz, electronica, and synth-pop, among others.", "While the album was originally released only in Japan, a 2017 reissue on Palto Flats and WRWTFWW Records widely increased its availability outside of the country while attracting new attention and critical acclaim." ], [ "Music", "Pat Padua of ''Spectrum Culture'' has described Shimizu's approach on ''Kikashi'' (and throughout his career as a whole) as \"borrowing elements of all and any genres and transforming it into something all his own.\"", "Critics have listed jazz, electronica, dub, synth-pop, and ambient among the genres integrated into the album.", "Shimizu plays a wide variety of instruments on the album in addition to his usual saxophone, including clarinet, flute, trumpet, percussion, and others.", "Other musicians on the album include Hideo Yamaki contributing various types of percussion and Morio Watanabe on bass.", "\"Suiren\", the album's opening track, begins with what Padua describes as \"a sampled loop that suggests an electronic meow\" which then transitions into an \"easy-going martial rhythm\".", "''Resident Advisor'' has called the track \"jaunty jazz pop\".", "Padua compares the title track to Japanese folk music, noting its \"dreamy marimba\" and \"minimal rhythms\" which \"set up a foundation for brassy jazz figures and dissonant background fills\".", "In a review of the album for ''Record Collector'', Paul Bowler notes Shimizu's use of insect sounds.", "He highlights the use of \"synthetic, cicada-like sounds\" which \"provide a scattershot background for Eno-esque piano runs\" on \"Kono Yoni Yomeri (Sono 1)\".", "Bowler also notes that these sounds return \"in real form\" on \"Kono Yoni Yomeri (Sono 2)\", on which Shimizu \"melds calm sax lines to the sound of summer-night bugs.\"", "Both ''Resident Advisor'' and Bowler consider \"Semi Tori No Hi\" a highlight of the album; the former notes the track \"alternates between placid new age vibes—shimmering chimes, strummed harps—and soulful horn bursts.", "\"Opening the album's second side, \"Yume Dawa\" features horn playing by Shimizu which has compared to the earlier work of the Lounge Lizards.", "''Resident Advisor'' considers \"Umi No Ue Kara\", the album's longest track, to be its \"most intriguing\".", "The publication compares its drumming to that of dub music, while crediting the percussion, along with the track's marimba and \"muttered vocals\", with creating a \"mellow mood.\"", "The album's closing track, \"Utsukushiki Tennen\", is the only piece not written by Shimizu, having been composed by Hozumi Tanaka." ], [ "Release and reception", "''Kakashi'' was originally released exclusively in Japan, as was a 2016 reissue of the album.", "The album was finally released outside of the country in November 2017 on Palto Flats and WRWTFWW Records.", "Its cover features an illustration by Shimizu.", "''Kakashi'' has received positive reviews from critics.", "In Bowler's review for ''Record Collector'', he gave the album a four-star rating, noting its meld of genres and similarities with the acclaimed ''Utakata No Hibi'' (1983) by Mariah (of which Shimizu was a member).", "''Resident Advisor'' has also compared the album to ''Utakata No Hibi'', stating that Shimizu's ability to integrate various sounds together \"make the album as a whole seem wholly of its own moment.\"", "In Padua's review for ''Spectrum Culture'' he states that \"on any given track, ''Kakashi'' is likely to shift from ambient to jazz to Japanese folk to some hybrid impossible to label, and that is part of the joy of such music.\"", "In a review of Shimizu's 2022 album ''Kiren'' for ''Pitchfork'', Joshua Minsoo Kim referred to ''Kikashi'' as a \"major standout\" of his career, describing it as \"thrilling crystallization of Shimizu's poppier, melodic inclinations.\"" ], [ "Track listing" ], [ "Personnel", "=== Musicians ===Yasuaki Shimizu – vocals, saxophone, clarinet, flute, trumpet, piano, mallets, drums, percussion, charango, electronics, tapes, toys, noisesHideo Yamaki – trap drums, bass drum, chanchiki, percussion Morio Watanabe – bass , engawa, balafon, wind bells Takayuki Hijikata – guitar Masanori Sasaji – marimba Aki Ikuta – bass , guitar Junichi \"Donpei\" Kanezaki – trumpet Johnny Barrett – Frenchman and Irishman Koji Yamaguchi – french horn Mitsuru Orikasa – cello Tomio Yajima – cello === Technical ===Yasuaki Shimizu – productionAki Ikuta – productionSeigen Ono – engineeringGreg Calbi – mastering=== Production staff ===Kenichi KishiTomoki MagotaMasashi SasamotoKiyoshi OzamaPaul AoyamaToshiaki Ota=== Packaging ===Yasuaki Shimizu – paintingAki Ikuta – photo, designShadrack Linda – insert, label layout" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Pant-yr-Ochain" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Pant-yr-Ochain''' is a historic country house and public house, near Gresford, Wrexham, in North Wales.The Grade II listed building is located in hilly terrain north-east of Wrexham, next to a series of shallow lakes, which also takes its name.", "There is a locally run miniature railway next to the building.The current building is largely in the neo-Jacobean style, with the building dating to a building on the site from the 1530s–1550s known as , around the time it was under the ownership of Edward Almer.", "It was largely modified in 1805 and 1835 under the Cunliffes ownership, until 1878 when it (again) became part of the Acton Hall estate.From the 1960s to the 1990s it became a hospitality venue, becoming a restaurant, hotel and pub in stages, and a sports bar in the early 1990s.", "The building is largely now a pub, operated by Brunning & Price since 1994." ], [ "Description", "=== Grounds ===Pant-yr-Ochain is situated within its grounds, overlooking a small lake, while surrounded by \"hills and hollows\".", "The grounds also contain a lawn with picnic benches, parasoled terraces, and a garden.", "On a Ordnance Survey 1899 map, the garden contained a carriage drive, a walled garden, a kitchen garden, woodland, parkland, lakes, walkways, a lodge, a conservatory and possibly a formal garden.=== Main building ===The main current building largely dates from a 19th-century remodelling in 1835, which incorporated elements of the earlier structure.", "The house is described as \"remarkable\" due to its neo-Jacobean shaped gables, perhaps partly from the original structure.The building is a manor house, or a country house, with a drive, and now houses a pub.", "The pub is largely situated in the 19th century part of the building.", "Alfred Neobard Palmer, a local historian, described it as \"the chief house in Gresford\", and more important than Acton Hall.The existing building is in the Jacobean style of the Regency era with a slate roof and rendered chimneys.", "The building has timber framing, with some of the framing at the building's rear dating to the 17th century, while significant framing was applied in the 19th century.", "It is two storeys and situated in a L-shaped plan.", "A Cunliffe coat of arms is present on the building with the year ''1835''.The interior was remodelled in the 20th century, but retains some 19th-century features such as panelled doors and shutters and a 16th-century inglenook fireplace.", "Some of the 17th-century timber framing is visible on the ground floor walls, and on the rear from the lawn.", "The pub's central room is dominated by a large double-front bar.", "There is also a garden room and a small snug (den).Back lawn of the pub, containing a seating areaSketches of the house are held in Wrexham Museum.=== Farmhouse ===Behind the main building there is a farmhouse which pre-dates the 17th century.", "The farmhouse has separate access from Old Wrexham Road and is hidden from view from the hall by a long brick wall." ], [ "Etymology", " means the \"hollow of lamentation\", with the possibly linked to a feudal lord of the same name who lived in the area, but with no surviving evidence.", "It originally was known as .", ", was a popular medieval Welsh Christian name, possibly derived from Latin , meaning \"happy\".", "There is no information on the particular ''Iocyn'' the building is named after, but possibly they may have been an early Welsh settler who came to the area in the early Middle Ages.", "The name ''Pant-yr-ochain'' first appeared in the 1830s, later adopted by the Ordnance Survey, although various forms of the older name remained in use until recent times.", "In maps from 1577 and 1610, the form ''Pentiocken'' was used, while in 1587 ''Pantyokin'' was used once.It is sometimes nicknamed \"the Pant\", with being a Welsh name referring to the hollow it sits in." ], [ "History", "The area was a Welsh settlement by the late 12th century, under Owain Gwynedd, and part of Powys Fadog.There has been a building present on the site since the 13th century, and during the medieval times, a feudal lord known as ''Ochain'' lived there, although no recognisable evidence survives.The building can trace its heritage to the 1530s; Tudor wattle and daub timber-framed walls of this era are visible from the modern-building's inglenook fireplace.=== Edward Almer ownership (16th century) ===By the 1550s, a house was built on the site known as .", "The site was under the ownership of Edward Almer, who served as the High Sheriff of Denbighshire in 1553 and Member of Parliament for Denbighshire in 1555, with Almer possibly moving into the house on the site, following his election as an MP, in around 1555.Although the house was possibly owned previously by a family under the name ''Carrat''.Almer either significantly modified an existing house on the site which was owned by the ''Carrats'', or completely rebuilt the house.", "In the house's modification/rebuild Almer used materials belonging to his other house in ''Almere'' (then named ''Almer''), located next to the River Dee, downstream of Holt.", "The house at Almere was low-lying and at risk of flooding, leading to Almer deciding to set up his gentry family at rather than at ''Almere'', which Almer later sold, with it eventually ending up with the ''Puleston'' family.", "Although when he served as High Sheriff in 1553, Almer still stayed at Almere.", "Upon the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, he had moved into .During Edward Almer's stay in the building, and that of his son William Almer, who also became MP in 1572, , was said to have been one of the \"chief gentry houses\" in the eastern parts of Denbighshire.Just before moving into the building, in the 1540s, Almer was accused of removing parts of Holt Castle for building his home, as well as embezzling rents and other sources of income for it.", "Almer argued that the materials he took were not originally of Holt Castle itself, and instead came from the dissolved monasteries from Valle Crucis and Combermere.", "It is possible that some of the materials were at least taken to .In 1577, the house appeared on maps by Christopher Saxton as ''Pentiocken'', which was also used on William Kip's 1610 map.=== Intermediate ownership (17th century) ===This house was also recorded as being present in 1592.This house was owned at the time by William Almer, the son of Edward Almer.", "It was then passed down to his daughter Jane, who married Gilbert Gerard, son of William Gerard.", "Jane's and Gibert's son, also named William, was said to have been in financial difficulty and had mortgaged for £1,000, and later sold it for £1,200 in 1613 to Nathaniel Owens.", "In 1614, it was sold again for £1,300 to John Panton.", "In 1615, it was purchased by Bishop of Chester, George Lloyd for £1,400, who died the same year.", "Lloyd's family stayed in the building until 1630, with his son David living in the building in 1620.The Lloyd ownership lasted until it was sold by Lloyd's widow, Anne, in 1630 to Thomas Manley, due to financial problems.", "In the year before, the lands of the house were valued to be worth almost £50 annually.", "Manley later improved the house.In 1654, the house was sold to William Jones, who remained the owner by 1661, although the house was occupied by John Davies as its tenant by 1663.Upon Jones' death, it was sold to William Challoner, with Richard Challoner living in the house by 1668, the same year it was sold to Timothy Myddelton for £2,000.Myddelton's widow remarried Thomas Powell, and after her death, Powell remained living in the building until at least 1678.In 1670, hearth tax returns showed the house having fifteen hearths compared to Acton Hall's eleven, giving a possible idea of size between the two.", "Myddelton's daughter, Anne, married William Robinson in 1682, passing the house into Robinson ownership.", "During his ownership the house was listed in Edward Lhuyd's \"list of notable houses in the parish of Gresford\".Hills from the building's (now as a pub's) gardenOriginally in the 17th century, the building's grounds were surveyed to have contained a stable, brick kiln, three-bayed malt house, brewhouse, brick dove house, hop yard, a four-bay barn and a two-bay barn.", "While many of its fields had Welsh-language names, although the grounds in general were made of bogs and water-saturated.", "At the time it was surveyed the grounds contained two lakes, (now The Flash) and , which is overlooked by the house.", "The grounds were also surveyed in 1620, to be around 96 customary/203 statute acres.=== Jeffreys of Acton ownership (18th century) ===From 1708 to 1921, the house and farm became part of the Acton Hall estate, following the marriage of John, son of William Robinson and Anne Myddelton, to Elizabeth, daughter of Griffith Jeffreys of Acton Hall, in 1708.At the time of the marriage, the house itself was occupied by someone named Solomon Russell.", "John and Elizabeth lived in until 1730, leaving for Gwersyllt, and their departure marked the end of the building being used as a \"gentleman's residence\", instead becoming a mere, and increasingly unimproved, tenanted farmhouse on the Acton estate.Due to the Acton estate's inheritors being women, a 1745 private Act of Parliament, led to appointed commissioners, one of whom being Watkin Williams-Wynn, selling the families' estates, with sold in 1749 to Ellis Yonge for £1,395.=== Cunliffe ownership (18th century–20th century) ===Following Yonge's death, both estates, including the house, were bought by Foster Cunliffe in 1785, and the building remained under the ownership of the Cunliffes until at least 1903.Cunliffe referred to the property as ''Pant y Ochin'', and aimed to build a new house on the site as a home for his daughters who were yet to be married, which if remaining unmarried were expected to leave the family home at a certain age.", "Cunliffe hoped this new house would be the choice of residence for his daughters, and should they not choose to live there \"the house may be pulled down\".", "Under Cunliffe's ownership, the house was substantially added to, aiming to become a \"commodious dwelling\" that expanded into the land, and it became two properties, the main hall and a farmhouse.", "For most of the 18th century the farmhouse was home to the Thomas family of farmers.==== 1805 renovation by Foster Cunliffe ====Cunliffe began renovating the building in 1805.One wing of the L-shaped farmhouse was enlarged with the addition of a Jacobean-style front, which now serves as the entrance to the pub, while the building's rear wing's roof was elevated to match the height of this next extension.", "A winding drive from Old Wrexham Road to the house was constructed.", "The style of the house may have been inspired by the \"picturesque cottages\" of the Trevalyn estate in Marford.During the renovation, coins were discovered in the house dating to Charles I's reign, possibly relating to rumours that in 1651, John Jones Maesygarnedd, a regicide signee of Charles I's warrant, was to buy the house for £1,000.The architect for Cunliffe's construction of a new wing is unknown, although possibly a local man.Cunliffe died in June 1834, possibly around the same time, his two unmarried daughters, Emma and Charlotte, moved into the renovated house.==== 1835 renovation under the Cunliffe daughters ====The house was remodelled substantially in 1835 by the two daughters, incorporating various elements of the earlier building.", "As part of their 1835 renovation, they extended the house by adding a large \"pleasant room\" (now ''the Library''), which overlooked the lake, with the new extended gable bearing their arms with ''1835'' on it.", "The daughters also added the current porch and bay windows to the building's front which remain there today.", "At the same time, the daughters decided to name the building its current name ''Pant-yr-Ochain'', which appeared on Ordnance Survey maps from 1838 and after.", "Although the name change was not consistently applied until more recently, even by the sisters at the time, who may have still spelt and pronounced it the old way.", "The building also shortly appeared to be labelled as , on an 1844 tithe map, possibly to distinguish it from the farmhouse, which by 1844 was occupied by Francis Jones.Following Charlotte's death in 1875, and then Emma's in 1878, ownership of the main building moved back into the Acton estate.", "In 1885, a fire destroyed many of the farm outbuildings on the site.", "The main building, the hall, was also let to tenants during this period.", "First, it was to Florence Ford, then in 1891, its tenant was Anita Sophia Fletcher, followed by William Busfeild in 1901, and Thomas Richard Cholmondeley in 1909, with his widow Margaret Herbert continuing to live in the building a short time after his death.The earliest detailed illustration of the house by Philip Yorke of Erddig, is said to possibly date from the 1870s when it was included in Alfred Neobard Palmer's ''Thirteen Country Townships''.=== Post-gentry and modern history (20th century–present) ===After World War I, and the decrease in power of the gentry, the Acton Park estate was slowly sold off in the 1920s.", "John Edward Jones bought the hall in 1921 from the estate's trustees, with Jones letting the hall to Ernest Bateson, who lived in it for 30 years.", "For five years in the 1950s, Reginald Rider, a local dentist resided in the hall.", "From the 1960s, there were various tenants, some stated to be \"less than satisfactory\", and during this time the hall caught fire \"mysteriously\" during nighttime, although it was promptly put out by the fire brigade before any serious damage.The entrance to the pub with a car park in front.In 1963, the building became a restaurant, then a hotel, and then a pub, which changed ownership a few times.", "Between 1992 and 1993, it was owned by local nightclub owner Bob Scott, whose ownership led to the building being visited by many football players and supporters, as it possibly became mainly a sports bar, based on its interior.In 1994, it was bought by ''Pubs Limited'', later known as ''Brunning & Price'', which performed a restoration of the building.", "The company claimed that when they bought the building it was \"partially boarded up\", with a leaking roof, and Sports Pub interior.", "Brunning & Price were sold to The Restaurant Group in 2007.The pub features in the 2018 edition of ''The Good Pub Guide'' and in ''The Pub Guide 2020'', published by the AA.There are reported ghost stories associated with the building." ], [ "Lakes", "The building's grounds are home to several shallow lakes or pools, named collectively as the '''Pant-yr-Ochain Pools''', of various sizes.", "Three of these pools were surveyed to be shallow, at a low altitude, with high alkalinity and moderate phosphorus levels.", "The pools are located far from the sea, and it has been theorised that the high alkalinity is due to saline levels in ground-water.", "All pools are situated in the north-east of Wrexham and have no conservation designation.Of the three surveyed at low water levels, the largest pool (unofficially termed \"''pool 1''\"), has two main basins.", "Its northern section is up to deep, while its southern basin is up to deep.", "\"''Pool 1''\" is situated at an altitude of , with a shoreline, and overall shallow depth.''''", "The next largest pool (''\"pool 2''\") is situated west of the larger one, and has a flat bottomed basin.", "While the smallest of the three surveyed (''\"pool 3''\") is in the north-west section of the group of lakes and is deep on its eastern edge.", "Pools \"''1''\" and \"''3''\", are used for angling.In high water levels, all three of the pools become connected into one larger lake, sometimes named the '''Pant-yr-Ochain Lake'''.", "The pools' water levels are fed from ground-water systems, largely depending on the water table, and its levels fluctuate on a 15-year-long cycle.When the nearby Borras Quarry was in operation, the levels of all lakes in the area were slightly lower.", "Historically, the term ''Llyn Llongmere'', had been used to refer to the lake which is overlooked by the house.", "\"''Pool 3''\" is the closest to the house, although at higher water levels all lakes are interconnected into one.", "''\"Pool 1''\", also known as the ''Pant-yr-Ochain Big Pool'', does not contain any submerged aquatic plants, but has plants floating on its surface such as ''Nymphaea alba'', an undetermined ''Nymphaea'' cultivar and ''Polygonum amphibium''.", "''Nymphaea alba'' is the most abundant one of the three floating plants identified.", "The pool also has some emerging aquatic plants.", "\"''Pool 2''\" was surveyed to not have any aquatic plants, possibly made harder to survey due to overhanging ''Alnus''.", "\"''Pool 3''\", with the richest amount of aquatic plants of the three pools, had ''Callitriche stagnalis'' and ''Myriophyllum spicatum'' submerged, and ''Polygonum amphibium'' floating, with some emerging aquatic plants." ], [ "Miniature railway", "There is a miniature railway located next to the building.", "It is run by the Wrexham and District Model Engineering Society.", "The miniature railway provides miniature steam train rides, a full-size traction engine, as well as completed and partly-built model engineering projects." ], [ "See also", "* Erddig" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam''' is a Bangladeshi academic and vice-chancellor of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University.", "He is the former vice-chancellor of the Canadian University of Bangladesh.", "He is a former President of the Bangladesh Computer Society.", "He is a Computer Science and Engineering professor at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology." ], [ "Early life", "Islam was born in 1973 in Jamalpur District, Bangladesh.", "He did his bachelor's and masters degrees in Computational Science and Engineering at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.", "He did his PhD at Monash University in Information Technology." ], [ "Career", "Islam taught at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology.", "He was the Provost of Shahid Smriti Hall.", "He served as the President of Bangladesh Computer Society.", "He was a director of Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited.In December 2017, Islam was appointed vice-chancellor of the Canadian University of Bangladesh.", "Dr Nazrul Islam joined as pro-vice-chancellor of the Canadian University of Bangladesh under Mohammad Mahfuzul Islam.Islam was appointed vice-chancellor of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Digital University on 20 November 2022.He paid tribute to former President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at his former residence in Dhanmondi, Bangabandhu Memorial Museum." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Surviving My Quinceañera" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Surviving My Quinceañera''''' (Spanish: '''''Sobreviviendo mis XV''''') is a 2023 Mexican comedy film directed by Chava Cartas and written by Juan Carlos Garzón and Angélica Gudiño.", "It stars Berenice Jonguitud accompanied by Guillermo Villegas, Verónica Bravo, Lupita Lara, Paco Luna, Sofía Carrera, Juan Pablo Fuentes, Farah Justiniani and Hanssel Casillas.", "It premiered on September 21, 2023, in Mexican theaters." ], [ "Synopsis", "Danae is a young teenager who must deal with the problems of fitting in with her new schoolmates and, at the same time, cope with the family pressure to celebrate her fifteenth birthday in the most traditional way, with a fluffy dress, chamberlains and a waltz.", "at a big party, and somehow she has to balance the demands of her family with those of her new friends to have an 'aesthetic' party, but one that her grandmother also likes." ], [ "Cast", "The actors participating in this film are:* Memo Villegas as Leopoldo* Berenice Jonguitud as Danae* Verónica Bravo as Mirna* Lupita Lara as Evelia* Gerardo Taracena as Melchor* Gabriela Zamora as Renata* Valeria Vera as Pat* Luciana Vale as Rebeca* Farah Justiniani as Marisol* Mario Alberto Monroy as Héctor* Paco Luna as Irving* Juan Pablo Fuentes Acevedo as Enrique* Nova Coronel as Dj Eclipse* Nastassia Villasana as Ivonne* Andrea Portal as Camila* Hanssel Casillas as Román* Patricio González Ortega as Álvaro* Carolina Anzures as Isabela* Déborah Ríos as Enrique's mom* Guadalupe Damián as Coach* Azucena Acevedo as Susy* Efraín Berry as Padre* Gabriela Aguirre as Aunt Beba* Sofía Carrera as Alonza* Catalina Ríos as Teacher* Jafeth Chena as Ricardo* Hugo Luna as Bartender* José L. Fuchs as Farfán" ], [ "Reception", "=== Box-office ===In its first weekend, the film grossed $17.6 million Mexican pesos, ranking as the second highest-grossing film of the week, surpassed by ''The Nun II''.", "Throughout its history, the film grossed $63.9 million Mexican pesos, becoming the fourth highest-grossing national film of 2023.=== Accolades ===YearAwardCategoryRecipientResultRef.202319th Canacine AwardsBest DirectorChava CartasBest ActressVerónica BravoBest ActorGuillermo VillegasBest Newcomer - FemaleBerenice JonguitudBest Promotional CampaignVideocine" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Dark Cloud (activist)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Dark Cloud''' (born December 15, 1967) is a First Nations storyteller and Sixties Scoop survivor.", "Dark Cloud is believed to be the sole representative of First Nation heritage residing in Bristol, England." ], [ "Biography", "Dark Cloud, whose birth name is Aaron Quissess, was born in the Chippewa Nation on December 15, 1967.When he was two years old, he and his sisters were taken from their mother, separated, and adopted.", "Dark Cloud was adopted by a British family living in Canada.", "In 1977, the family immigrated to Singapore, then later to Manila.", "Throughout his childhood, Dark Cloud frequently ran away and abused alcohol.", "As a teenager, he frequented \"shanty towns\" and lived on a private island called \"white sands\" making a living giving tourists boat rides.At some point, Dark Cloud learned that his birth mother committed suicide in 1985 after her attempts to reunite with her children failed.Dark Cloud ran away from his family and hitchhiked from a London market to Dover and then onto France before traveling throughout Europe.", "He tried to reconnect with his family in the 1990s, though they had returned to Oshawa, Ontario.During his efforts at rehabilitation, he moved to a sober house in Bristol.", "While there, he attended the City of Bristol College to receive his General Certificate of Secondary Education, after which he studied counselling at university.Dark Cloud later became involved in the illicit hashish trade; he was eventually arrested and received a suspended sentence in 2011.He completed 250 hours of community service at the SS Great Britain museum ship.", "After his conviction, he stopped all illegal activities and engaged in raising awareness around the Sixties Scoop.In 2018, Dark Cloud returned to Canada to connect with the Ojibwe Nation and its heritage.", "His arrival was met with resentment from some who brand the Sixties scoop survivors as \"split feathers\", viewed as fortunate for escaping the oppressive and impoverished reserves.", "However, the elders embraced him, imparting traditional knowledge and sacred items, including an eagle feather, a blessed drum, and ceremonial tools." ], [ "Legacy", "''Dark Cloud, 60s Scoop Survivor'', a documentary about Dark Cloud's life produced by local students, was released in October 2020.It sought to shed light on his journey and the broader issues faced by Indigenous communities.In July 2022, BBC Radio 4's William Crawley interviewed Dark Cloud, focusing on Pope Francis's visit to Canada and the Catholic Church's apology for its role in the Canadian Indian residential school system.", "The discussion also touched upon reconciliation efforts with the country's Indigenous peoples.In March 2023, it was reported that artist Richard Mossman had crafted a life-sized sculpture of Dark Cloud which could be cast in bronze." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Aidan Brady (rugby union)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Aidan Malachy Brady''' (16 October 1939 — 16 April 2019) was an Irish rugby union international.Brady, born in Dublin, was educated at Blackrock College and went on to study at UCD School of Medicine.", "He featured in two Leinster Senior Cup successes with UCD and captained the club to a win over Trinity in the 1964/65 Colours Match.A hooker, Brady gained four Ireland caps during his career.", "His first selection, via UCD, came against Scotland at Lansdowne Road in the 1966 Five Nations Championship.", "Two years later, while playing in Northern Ireland for Malone, he made a further three Five Nations appearances, including wins over Scotland and Wales.Brady practiced medicine in Chatham, Ontario, Canada." ], [ "See also", "List of Ireland national rugby union players" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Dance Alone (Sia and Kylie Minogue song)" ], [ "Introduction", "\"'''Dance Alone'''\" is a song by Australian singer-songwriters Sia and Kylie Minogue.", "It was released on 7 February 2024 by Atlantic Records as the second single from Sia's tenth studio album ''Reasonable Woman''." ], [ "Background and release", "In September 2023, Sia announced her tenth studio album ''Reasonable Woman'' and released its lead single, \"Gimme Love\".", "In the same month, Kylie Minogue released her sixteenth studio album, ''Tension'', to critical acclaim.", "Sia and Minogue had previously collaborated on the latter's twelfth studio album ''Kiss Me Once'' (2014), with Sia executive producing the album and co-writing two songs.", "\"Dance Alone\" was first teased before a show at Minogue's residency in Las Vegas at the end of January 2024.It was then announced via social media on 1 February, and released alongside its lyric video on 7 February." ], [ "Personnel", "* Sia – songwriting, vocals* Kylie Minogue – vocals, vocal engineering* Jesse Shatkin – songwriting, production, bass, drum programming, drums, engineering, keyboards, percussion, synthesizer* Jim-E Stack – production, bass, drum programming, keyboards, percussion, synthesizer* Ezekiel Chabon – additional engineering* Samuel Dent – additional engineering* Chris Gehringer – mastering" ], [ "Charts", "+ Chart performance for \"Dance Alone\" Chart (2024) Peakposition Australian Artist Singles (ARIA) 12 Australia Independent (AIR) 1 Netherlands (Tipparade) 26 New Zealand Hot Singles (RMNZ) 19" ], [ "Release history", "+ Release dates and formats for \"Dance Alone\" Region Date Format Label Various 7 February 2024 Atlantic Italy 23 February 2024 Radio airplay Warner" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Iveta Havlíčková" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Iveta Havlíčková''' (born 1961) is a Czech former rhythmic gymnast.", "She's a two times World bronze medalist." ], [ "Career", "Havlíčková debuted at the 1977 World Championships in Basel, where she was 9th in the All-Around, 7th with ribbon and won bronze with rope.", "The same year she was crowned national champion.", "In 1978 she competed at the European Championships in Madrid ending 8th in the All-Around and with rope and 4th with ball.", "A year later she took part in the World Championships in London, finishing 6th in the All-Around, 6th with clubs, 7th with ball and won again bronze with rope.", "In 1981 she was 8th in the All-Around and 7th with ribbon at the World Championships in Munich.", "She took 9th place in the All-Around in the 1982 European Championships in Stavanger, her last international tournament." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Laura Roberts" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Laura Weiss Roberts''' (born 1960) is an American psychiatrist and bioethicist who is the Katharine Dexter McCormick and Stanley McCormick Memorial Professor and chair of the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.", "She is the editor-in-chief of ''Academic Medicine''." ], [ "Life", "Roberts earned a B.A.", "(1982) in social studies of science and medicine and M.A.", "(1983) in philosophy from the University of Chicago.", "She completed a M.D.", "(1988) and a fellowship in clinical medical ethics (1989) at the Pritzker School of Medicine.", "At the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, she conducted a psychiatric residency in 1993 followed by a fellowship in 1994.Roberts was a faculty member at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine for nine years.", "She specialized in ethics research and psychiatry.", "She was a professor and vice chair of her department.", "She founded the institute for ethics and was named the Jack and Donna Rust Professor of Biomedical Ethics.", "In 2003, she joined the Medical College of Wisconsin, working there for seven years.", "From 2002 to 2019, she was the editor-in-chief of ''Academic Psychiatry''.", "She was chair of the department of psychiatry and the Charles E. Kubly Professor of Psychiatry and Behavior Medicine.", "In 2010, Roberts joined Stanford University School of Medicine as the Katharine Dexter McCormick and Stanley McCormick Memorial Professor and chair of the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences.", "She is concurrently chief of the psychiatry service at Stanford University Medical Center.", "She has served as the editor-in-chief of ''Academic Medicine'' since 2019." ], [ "Selected works", "* * * * " ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Christoph Heidmann" ], [ "Introduction", "Christoph Heidmann'''Christoph Heidmann''' (Latin ''''; * 1582 in Helmstedt (Bodenwerder?", "); † 1627 in Sorø, Denmark) was a German Philologist und Geographer." ], [ "Life", "Born and raised in Helmstedt (Bodenwerder?", "), Christoph Heidmann studied in Helmstedt from 1602 and in 1612 received a professorship in rhetoric at the University of Helmstedt (also known as the ''Academia Julia'' ).", "As a university professor, he introduced students such as Hermann Conring and Christoph Schrader to philology.", "Schrader was appointed to Heidmann's chair in 1636, a decade after Heidmann's resignation.During the temporary closure of the university due to the plague and the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War in 1625/1626, Heidmann left his hometown and the ''Academia Julia.''", "In 1626 he accepted a call from the Academia Sorana to Sorø in Denmark as a professor of oratory .", "He died in Sorø during his first semester.Through his posthumously published works on the geography of Europe and Palestine, Christoph Heidmann is considered one of the founders of scientific geography.", "In 1624 his lecture on Palestine was the first of its kind in the German-speaking world." ], [ "Works", "* ''Disputatio Ethica De Fortitudine.''", "Helmstedt 1616* ''Oratio De Bibliotheca Julia Habita 1619.''", "Helmstedt 1622* ''Epitome Historica De Imperatoribus, Sive Caesaribus Augustis Romanorum.''", "Helmstedt 1623* ''Christophori Heidmani Europa.", "Sive Manuductionis Ad Geographiam Veterem Pars Prima.''", "Helmstedt 1639 (postum)* ''Christophori Heidmanni Palaestina Sive Terra Sancta.''", "Helmstedt 1639 (postum; Digitalisat)" ], [ "Bibliography", "* Ina Lommatzsch: ''Heidmann, Christopherus.''", "In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Dieter Lent u. a.", "(Hrsg.", "): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon – 8.bis 18.Jahrhundert.", "Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7, S. 309 f. * Nebeneintrag in: (ADB).", "Band 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, S. 422–425.", "* Hans Haase: ''Die Universität Helmstedt 1576–1810.Bilder aus ihrer Geschichte.''", "Jacobi-Verlag, Bremen/Wolfenbüttel 1976, ISBN 3-87447-052-0, S. 82." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Jeong Dong-won" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Jeong Dong-Won''' (; born March 19, 2007) also known as '''Jung Dong-won''', is a South Korean trot singer and actor under ShowPlay Entertainment.", "He made his solo debut on December 18, 2019, with the EP Miracle.", "In 2020, he appeared on TV Chosun's Mr.", "Trot seasson 1 and advanced to the finals at the age of 13, finishing in 5th place.", "He made his AI debut on January 11, 2024, with the single album, \"Who Am I\" under the stage name '''JD1'''." ], [ "Life and career", "===Early life and debut activities===Jeong Dong-won was born on March 19, 2007, in Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.", "Jeong Dong-won graduated from Jingyo Elementary School in Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do in February 2020, and entered Jingyo Middle School in March.", "Jeong Dong-won was transferred to Seoul after passing the test exam at Seonhwa Arts Middle School in Seoul.In 2018, he appeared on KBS 1TV's Korea Sings, a National Singing Contest and won the Excellence Award.", "He also participated in the year-end finals of the national singing contest in December.", "In July and December 2019, he appeared on SBS's \"Gifted Talent Discovery Team\", and in December, he appeared on MBC's Hangout with Yoo with Yoo Jae-suk.", "In November 2019, Trot boy appeared in KBS1 TV documentary \"Human Theater\".In June 2020, he participated in the \"Korea Donghaeng Sale\" public service advertisement for his first CF, and \"Let's Accompany\", which was an adapted version of the lyrics of Jeong Dong-won's debut song \"Let's Be Filial\", was used as a campaign song.In October 2020, he became an issue by singing a partner song in a duet with singer Nam Jin, a legendary singer and role model, on the opening stage of TV Chosun's 2020 Trot Awards.He appeared on TV Chosun 's Romantic Call Centre, Taste of Wife, and participated as a judge of Miss Trot seasson 2.On 11 September 2021, Jeong Dong-won's contract with the New Era Project expired, the management contract between Mr.", "Trot and TV Chosun has ended, he returned to his original agency, ShowPlay Entertainment." ], [ "Discography", "===Singles===+ List of singles, showing year released, selected chart positions, and name of the album Title Year Peak chart positions Album KOR Korean \"My Favorite\" 2021 — ''My Favorite'' \"Goodbye My Love\" 152 ''The Giving Tree'' \"Angel's Hair\" 2022 — ''Handwritten Letter'' \"Baennori\" 199 ''Man'' \"Monologue\" 2023 — ''Collection of props Vol.1'' \"Who Am I\" 2024 — ''Who Am I''" ], [ "Filmography", "===Television shows=== Year Title Role Notes English Korean 2018 ''Korea Sings'' 전국노래자랑 Contestant Excellence Award 2020 ''Mr.", "Trot'' 내일은 미스터트롯 Contestant 5th place 2020-2021 ''Romantic Call Centre'' 사랑의 콜센타 Main Cast Seasons 1–2 2020 ''Knowing Bros'' 아는 형님 Guest Mr.", "Trot Top 7 2020-2021 ''Miss Trot'' 내일은 미스트롯 Guest Seasson 2" ], [ "Awards and nominations", "+ Name of the award ceremony, year presented, award category, nominee(s) of the award, and the result of the nomination Award ceremony Year Category Nominee(s) / Work(s) Result Broadcast Advertising Festival 2022 Rookie Star Award Jeong Dong-won Hanteo Music Awards 2023 Post Generation Award 2024 Best Popular Solo Artist Post Generation Award Melon Music Awards 2020 Best Trot Award Hot Trend Award Seoul Music Awards 2022 Best Trot Award 2023 Best Trot Award 2024 Best Trot Award" ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Max Yates (American football)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Max Yates''' (born October 30, 1979) is a former American football linebacker.", "He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2002 and would play three seasons in the National Football League (NFL).", "He played college football at Marshall.At Marshall, Yates finished his career with 383 tackles and was named MAC Defensive Player of the Year as a senior in 2001.In 2019, he was inducted into the Marshall Athletics Hall of Fame.", "Yates was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Vikings in 2002.However, Yates only appeared in one game with the Vikings during the 2004 season.", "Yates has a son named Jaden, who also has played football at Marshall." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mašiotas" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mašiotas''' is a Lithuanian surname.", "It might refer to:* (1874–1947), Lithuanian mathematician, engineer, state comptroller* (1897–1953), Lithuanian pedagogue, mathematician, politician and public figureOna Mašiotienė née Brazauskaitė (Polish: Anna Brzozowska; 1883–1949), Lithuanian teacher and principal, women's rights activist and writerPranas Mašiotas (1863–1940), Lithuanian activist, educator, children's writer and translator" ], [ "See also", "***" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 South Australian First Nations Voice election" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 South Australian First Nations Voice election''' will be held on 16 March 2024 to elect the First Nations Voice to Parliament, an advisory body for Indigenous Australians in the Parliament of South Australia.Candidate nominations opened on 22 January 2024." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Anastasia Fialkov" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anastasia Fialkov''' () is a Kazakhstan-born Israeli theoretical astrophysicist, currently a professor in the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Cambridge, England, and a senior research fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge." ], [ "Research", "Fialkov began her doctoral studies working in string cosmology, but then switched to theoretical radio astronomy.", "Her research involves interactions between matter and dark matter, the possible explanation of dark matter as a Bose–Einstein condensate, cosmic reionization, the use of machine learning to fit the parameters of these phenomena, and the implications of these phenomena for galaxy formation.", "Her studies have included works estimating the cosmic abundance of fast radio bursts, and using observations of the 21cm hydrogen line to characterize the size and brightness of the earliest galaxies." ], [ "Education and career", "Fialkov is originally from Karaganda, in Kazakhstan, but emigrated to Israel and became an Israeli citizen.", "She studied both physics and electrical engineering as an undergraduate at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, earning a double bachelor's degree in 2006.She went to Tel Aviv University for doctoral study in the Department of Particle Physics, advised by Nissan Itzhaki and Rennan Barkana.", "She defended her dissertation, ''Observing the Unobservable: Catching a Glimpse of the Primordial Universe'', in 2013.She was a postdoctoral researcher as a Junior Research Chair at the International Centre for Fundamental Physics in Paris from 2013 to 2015, as an ITC Fellow at the Harvard University Institute for Theory and Computation from 2015 to 2018, and as a Kavli Fellow at the Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge, and the Cambridge University Institute of Astronomy in 2018.From 2019 to 2023, she was a lecturer in the Institute of Astronomy and a Royal Society University Research Fellow at Sussex University.", "In 2023, Cambridge promoted her to Professor of Astrophysics and Cosmology." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Don Pasley" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Don Pasley''' (born October 26, 1961) is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2001 to 2011.Pasley was first elected in a November 2001 special election after incumbent representative R. J. Palmer resigned following his election to the Kentucky Senate.", "He was defeated for reelection in 2010 by Republican Donna Mayfield." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Black Souls (play)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Black Souls''''' is a play in six scenes by Annie Nathan Meyer.", "The play depicts the lynching of an innocent black man on a college campus and concerns themes of miscegenation and bigotry in the Southern United States in the post World War I era.", "The work is one of the first \"lynching dramas\" written by a white woman, and for this reason the play has remained of interest to theatre scholars.", "Written in 1924 and first performed in 1932 on Broadway, Meyer was assisted in crafting her play through input from black writers Zora Neale Hurston and James Weldon Johnson." ], [ "History", "Annie Nathan Meyer''Black Souls'' was written by the Jewish-American playwright Annie Nathan Meyer in 1924, and is credited as \"one of the earliest known 'lynching dramas' written by a white woman\".", "In keeping with Meyer's activism against racism in America, the play deals with themes of \"miscegenation and bigotry in the Deep South\".", "The play's plot is centered around the lynching of an innocent black man at a fictional college somewhere in the southern part of the United States.", "In crafting her play, Meyer sought the assistance of black writer Zora Neale Hurston.", "Hurston assisted Meyer by selecting poetry, prayers, and spirituals that speak to the black experience in America which Meyer then embed within her work.", "She also received help from the African-American writer and civil rights activist James Weldon Johnson who edited the play's dialogue for the authenticity of the language.Meyer attempted for several years to get her play staged without success; largely due to the reticence of directors to take on a play with a subject matter difficult to make palatable to the public.", "Ultimately she succeeded in attracting the director James Light, and his staging of ''Black Souls'' premiered on Broadway at the Provincetown Playhouse on March 30, 1932.The actress Rose McClendon drew particular praise for her portrayal of Phyllis in the production.", "Others in the cast included Morris McKenney as Andrew Morgan, Juano Hernandez as David Lewis, Guerita Donneley as Luella Verne, and Alven Dexter as Senator Verne.", "The original production used sets designed by Morgens Petri.The Broadway production of ''Black Souls'' was largely praised for the quality of its acting, but white critics in particular were not complementary of the play itself.", "However, the work has remained of interest to scholars and was more favorably reviewed by black critics.", "The play was first published by Reynolds Press in 1933, and was later re-published by the Indiana University Press in the 1998 anthology ''Strange Fruit: Plays on Lynching by American Women''." ], [ "Plot", "Setting: Magnolia College, a Black college in the Deep South, not long after World War I (c. 1919/1920)Andrew Morgan, the president of Magnolia College, is bitter over the racial oppression in the United States, but is hopeful that by educating highly skilled black workers he can improve the lives and future opportunities available to his African-American students through peaceful means.", "In contrast, Andrew's brother-in-law, David Lewis, is an angry young black poet and teacher of literature at Magnolia College who is convinced that only a violent uprising could persuade American society to change.", "David has recently returned from France where he served during World War I and where the progressive freedoms of French society allowed him to openly have a relationship with a white woman, Luella Verne, who was a fellow American serving in France as a nurse.Luella is the daughter of Senator Verne, and she visits Magnolia College with her father when he comes at the invitation of President Morgan who hopes to win Senator Verne's support.", "Senator Verne is unaware of Luella's past relationship with David, and is upset when she initiates contact with David.", "Simultaneously, Senator Verne makes advances of his own on Andrew Morgan's wife and David's sister Phyllis who is also African-American, demonstrating the senator's hypocrisy when it comes to interracial relationships.Luella convinces David to go with her to a cabin in some woods nearby and they are spotted by some white students.", "Rumor spreads among the white community that David has made unwanted sexual advances on Luella, even though it is Luella and not David who is the initiator of their rekindled relationship.", "As the rumors spread, they become more exaggerated and David is falsely accused of raping Luella.", "A white mob forms with the intent of murdering David on the day of Magnolia College's graduation ceremony.", "While the ceremony is taking place and President Morgan is giving a speech about racial equality, David is isolated and cornered by a white mob who lynches him." ], [ "References", "===Citations======Bibliography===" ], [ "External links", "" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mujarrad Maqalat al-Shaykh Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari''' () is an Islamic theological book written by the Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar Ibn Furak (d. 406/1015), in which he gives a summary of the views, ideas and opinions of the Sunni scholar Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d. 324/935), the theologian after whom the Ash'ari school of theology is named.This work is considered as one of the most important and essential sources of the Ash'ari school of Islamic theology." ], [ "Content", "The work is a methodical exposition of the teaching of al-Ash'ari, written some sixty years after his death.", "It contains several topics on theological issues in Islam, and other topics that are fundamentals in dialogue, such as demonstration, refutation, evidence and citation.", "Towards the end of the book is a chapter dedicated to the ethics of disputation (''adab al-jadal'')." ], [ "Notes", "* Ibn Fūrak adopted al-Ash'ari's school of theology and was well informed of al-Ash'ari's views.", "This is because Ibn Fūrak learnt from two of al-Ash'ari's close companions and disciples, namely (d. ca.", "370/980) and (d. 360s/970s or 370s/980s).", "In addition, he had recourse to all of al-Ash'ari's books." ], [ "See also", "* Maqalat al-Islamiyyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin* Istihsan al-Khawd fi 'Ilm al-Kalam* Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari* Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh* Asas al-Taqdis* List of Sunni books" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari on Goodreads.com* Mücerredü Maḳālâti’ş-Şeyḫ Ebi’l-Ḥasan el-Eşʿarî’dir on İslâm Ansiklopedisi * * Mujarrad Maqalat al-Ash'ari on Internet Archive" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Nørre Snede" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Nørre Snede''' is a town, with a population of 1,933 (1 January 2023), in Ikast-Brande Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark.", "It is located 34 km north of Vejle, 21 km northeast of Give, 30 km south of Silkeborg and 32 km west of Horsens.Nørre Snede was the municipal seat of the former Nørre-Snede Municipality until 1 January 2007.Nørre Snede ChurchNørre Snede Church is a Romanesque church build with Gothic modifications and can be dated back to the 12th century.", "Kelsen Group A/SKelsen Group, a manufacturer of Danish butter cookies is located in the town.The historic Nørre Snede Windmill, build in 1848, was brought to America in pieces, where it was rebuild in the Danish village of Elk Horn in 1976.The State Prison at Nr.", "Snede is located 3 km south of the town." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "1999 Buffalo Destroyers season" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1999 Buffalo Destroyers season''' was the 1st season for the franchise and the 1st in Buffalo, New York.", "They finished with a 1–13 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs.", "The Destroyers recorded their first win in franchise history on July 23, 1999, when they defeated the Portland Forest Dragons, 30–23." ], [ "Coaching", "Dave Whinham was the head coach of the Destroyers for their inaugural season." ], [ "Preseason schedule", " Week Date Opponent Home/Away Result 1 April 7 Florida Bobcats Neutral '''W''' 24–17 2 April 16 Orlando Predators Away '''L''' 34–35" ], [ "Regular season schedule", " Week Date Opponent Home/Away Result 1 April 30 New England Sea Wolves Home '''L''' 26–59 2 May 7 New Jersey Red Dogs Home '''L''' 39–41 3 May 15 Albany Firebirds Away '''L''' 41–51 4 May 21 New England Sea Wolves Away '''L''' 22–36 5 May 28 Grand Rapids Rampage Home '''L''' 38–40 6 June 4 Florida Bobcats Home '''L''' 32–50 7 June 12 Iowa Barnstormers Away '''L''' 42–29 8 June 21 Albany Firebirds Home '''L''' 34–54 9 June 25 New Jersey Red Dogs Away '''L''' 20–34 10 July 2 Tampa Bay Storm Home '''L''' 14–59 11 July 9 San Jose SaberCats Away '''L''' 46–52 12 July 16 Portland Forest Dragons Away '''L''' 43–46 13 July 23 Portland Forest Dragons Home '''W''' 30–23 14 July 30 Orlando Predators Away '''L''' 40–48" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "The Latency (album)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''The Latency''''' is the debut studio album by Canadian pop rock band The Latency.", "The album was released on September 8, 2009 via MapleMusic Recordings.", "On September 1, the album was made available for streaming exclusively through MuchMusic." ], [ "Background", "On July 1, 2008, The Latency released their debut EP, ''Chomp'', which contained the tracks \"Tonight, I Love You\", \"Kids\", \"Can You Hear Me Call?", "\", \"Breathe\", \"Hello\" and \"Cry Me Out\".", "These songs were later included on ''The Latency'', along with six other new tracks.", "The band signed with MapleMusic Recordings in 2009, following the success of their debut single, \"Tonight, I Love You\".", "The album was produced by bassist Tommy Mac of Hedley, who also serves as the band's manager.", "The album was recorded at Mushroom Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "All tracks were written by the band, with \"Tonight, I Love You\" and \"Kids\" being co-written Jacob Hoggard and Mac." ], [ "Release", "\"Tonight, I Love You\" was released in December 2008 as the lead single from the album.", "The song peaked at number 93 on the Canadian Hot 100.The music video premiered on MuchMusic in 2009 and reached number one on the MuchMusic ''Countdown''.", "\"Kids\" was serviced to contemporary hit radio on May 26, 2009, and was released as the album's second single.", "A music video for the song was released in August 2009 and was directed by John Poliquin.", "\"All You Wanted\" was released as the album's third single on August 16, 2009.The fourth and final single, \"Fork in the Road\" was released on February 16, 2010.The music video was released on February 18, 2010." ], [ "Promotion", "In support of the album, the band toured with Simple Plan, Marianas Trench and Plain White T's.", "They also joined Shiloh on the Scene tour in September 2009.In April 2010, the group embarked on the SASS tour, performing at every school in Ontario.", "In May 2010, the band supported Faber Drive on the Can't Keep a Secret tour along with These Kids Wear Crowns and Jesse Labelle." ], [ "Accolades", "In 2010, ''The Latency'' was nominated for Pop Recording of the Year at the Western Canadian Music Awards." ], [ "Track listing" ], [ "Personnel", "Credits for ''The Latency'' adapted from album's liner notes.", "'''The Latency'''* Brandon Lehti – lead vocals, rhythm guitar* Ryan Stead – lead guitar, backing vocals * Mathew Gendron – bass guitar, backing vocals * Jonny Wiebe – drums, percussion'''Production'''* Dean Maher – engineering, mixing* Joao Carvalho – mastering* Tommy Mac – producer" ], [ "Release history", "+ Release dates and formats for ''The Latency'' Region Date Format Label Canada September 8, 2009 MapleMusic Various December 7, 2010 Digital download" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "John Baird Laidlaw" ], [ "Introduction", "'''John Baird Laidlaw''' (March 31, 1866 —August 25, 1953) was an insurance executive and Toronto city councillor who ran unsuccessfully for mayor in 1937.Laidlaw was a grandson of Franklin Jackes who sat on the last council of York, Upper Canada in 1833 before it was incorporated as the City of Toronto, was a member of Toronto's first city council and a supporter of William Lyon Mackenzie and the Upper Canada Rebellion.He was educated at Jarvis Collegiate Institute before entering the insurance business.", "He was general manager of the Canadian and Newfoundland branch of the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society from 1900 until 1930 when he was appointed Canadian director.", "From 1917 to 1930 he was also president and director of the Canadian Security Assurance Company.During World War I he joined the 34th Ontario Regiment and trained as an officer but due to his expertise in insurance, was appointed to the Soldiers' Aid Commission of Ontario rather than be deployed overseas.", "After the war he joined the citizens' committee responsible for building veterans' clubs in Toronto.", "Laidlaw was elected as one of Ward 3's two alderman in the 1934 Toronto municipal election, defeating incumbent alderman John Corcoran to become junior alderman for the ward.", "He was elected the downtown Toronto ward's senior alderman in the 1935 Toronto municipal election and again in the January 1936 Toronto municipal election.", "Later in the year, he ran for Mayor of Toronto in the December 1936 Toronto municipal election (with municpal elections shifting from New Year's Day to early December) but was defeated by incumbent mayor William D. Robbins by a margin of more than 50,000 votes.", "After leaving politics, Laidlaw became involve with real estate and property owners' associations.", "In the 1950s, as a director of the Ontario Property Owners' Assocition, he opposed the Regent Park public housing project, which was Canada's first large-scale public housing development, aruging that the private sector should be encouraged to provide all needed residential housing.His wife, Berta Fredericka Laidlaw, was a social worker who helped establish several old age homes in Toronto and was also active with the Women's Progressive Conservative Association.", "She died in 1947.They had two daughters and a son." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Wagner Fernandes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Wagner Fernandes''' (born 8 April 1967), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back." ], [ "Career", "Wagner emerged as one of the highlights of Mixto, state champion in 1989.He played for Grêmio from 1990 to 1997, making 100 appearances and scoring 3 goals, one of which was in the final of the 1997 Campeonato Gaúcho.", "After retiring he became a coach in youth categories." ], [ "Honours", ";MixtoCampeonato Mato-Grossense: 1989;GrêmioCopa Libertadores: 1995Campeonato Brasileiro: 1996Copa do Brasil: 1997Campeonato Gaúcho: 1995" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Wagner Fernandes at ogol.com.br" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Les Yates" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Les Yates''' is an American politician from Kentucky currently serving as Judge/Executive of Clark County.", "Yates was elected Judge/Executive in 2022, after Democratic incumbent Henry Branham retired.", "Yates was previously a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021.He was elected to the house in 2018, but defeated for renomination in 2020 by Ryan Dotson." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Laudêmio of Petrópolis" ], [ "Introduction", "Palácio Imperial, the former summer palace of EmperorPedro II, in Petrópolis.The '''Laudêmio de Petrópolis''' or \"'''Prince's Tax'''\" is a ''laudemium'', i.e.", "a legal right, which establishes a tax to be paid to the descendants of the Petrópolis Branch of Prince Pedro de Alcântara, which includes Pedro Carlos de Orléans-Braganza and Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza.", "The tax to be paid to the descendants of the former owners of the lands of Fazenda Córrego Seco, located in the Brazilian municipality of Petrópolis.This fee, incorrectly confused with a tax, corresponds to 2.5 per cent of the value of property purchase transactions in the area, and must be paid in cash to the Companhia Imobiliária de Petrópolis, an entity administered by the descendants of the Petrópolis Branch.", "Otherwise, the buyer, who is responsible for paying the fee, will not receive the definitive deed for the property purchased.The ''laudemium'' is levied on properties in the 1st district of Petrópolis, the city centre, located in the area corresponding to the Fazenda do Córrego Seco.", "In the 19th century, Emperor Pedro II parcelled out the land, ceding the exploitation of the area to third parties who, in return, paid a fee to the imperial family every time the property changed hands.", "The heirs of the imperial family challenged the right to pay the ''laudemium'' in court, as the Córrego Seco farm was the family's private property, i.e.", "it did not belong to the Brazilian state.One detail is that the Vassouras Branch no longer has a stake in this right, as they sold their share of the inheritance to members of the Petrópolis Branch, who run and manage the Petrópolis Real Estate Company (Companhia Imobiliária de Petrópolis)." ], [ "Historical context", "Many families and institutions throughout Brazil are entitled to laudemium.", "Any landowner who, instead of selling their land or renting it out, gives it away by means of an emphyteusis, may be entitled to laudemium.", "It is also very common for organisations of the Roman Catholic Church to have emphyteuses, as they were large landowners and, in order to develop them, created various emphyteuses.", "Examples of institutions that receive emphyteusis are the Hospital dos Lázaros, the Convent of Santa Teresa, the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and the State of Rio de Janeiro, among others.The descendants of the imperial family, who receive the rent and laudemium on parts of Petrópolis, receive this at their own expense.", "During the imperial period, the imperial family bought a farm, with their own money, called \"Fazenda Córrego Seco\".", "Emperor Pedro I, then Emperor of Brazil, tried to buy a farm called \"Padre Correia\", but his heirs wouldn't agree to sell it to him.", "He ended up buying a neighbouring farm, Córrego Seco, which at the time belonged to Sergeant Major José Vieira Afonso.", "He bought the property for twenty contos de réis, a price considered too high for the real value of the farm.", "The deed for the purchase of the property by the then emperor was signed in 1830.The monarch - who after becoming emperor in Brazil was acclaimed King in Portugal - also bought other properties in the surrounding area, in Alto da Serra, Quitandinha and Retiro, expanding the area of his farm.Later, his son, Emperor Pedro II, instead of parceling out the farm and selling it in lots, decided to set up enfiteuses with the aim of developing the town.", "As well as founding a town, he also invested in the locality.On 16 March 1843, Pedro II, who was eighteen years old and newly married to Empress Teresa Cristina, signed the document that leased the lands of the Córrego Seco farm to Major Koeler for the foundation of what he called the \"Povoação-Palácio de Petrópolis\", in which he established the collection of emphyteusis from the settlers living in the region, among other things.The emphyteusis generates much less immediate money than selling or renting, but its advantage is that it lasts forever.", "Although it generates tiny amounts of rent, it generates the 2.5 per cent of each sale.", "And with an advantage: it helps to develop the city, and even to increase the value of the surrounding area, as deals go through.The imperial family lost access to and use of the Brazilian state's possessions with the Proclamation of the Republic of Brazil on 15 November 1889, but managed to regain rights to part of their private property.", "The property of Fazenda Córrego Seco - now part of Petrópolis - belonged absolutely and demonstrably to the family, and was not part of the assets of the Brazilian state.", "For this reason, the descendants of the Brazilian imperial family were able to recover the rights to the emphyteusis, which is only a right over private property, i.e.", "it is valid regardless of who owns it.The Vassouras Branch of the Brazilian imperial family no longer has a stake in the issue of land rents and lauds, since Pedro Henrique de Orleans e Bragança sold his share to his relatives from the Petrópolis Branch, who run and manage the Petrópolis Real Estate Company.In 2022 number of bills were tabled before the Chamber of Deputies proposing the extinction of ''laudêmio'' in the municipality of Petrópolis.", "However, as of 2023 this tax was still in force." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ohio's 7th House of Representatives district" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ohio's 7th House of Representatives district''' is currently represented by Democrat Allison Russo.", "It is located entirely within Franklin County and includes the cities of Grandview Heights, Upper Arlington, and parts of Columbus." ], [ "List of members representing the district", " Member Party Years GeneralAssembly Electoral historyDistrict established January 2, 1967.100px'''Bob Netzley''' RepublicanJanuary 2, 1967 –December 31, 1972107th108th109thElected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Redistricted to the 81st district.", "'''Ken Rocco''' DemocraticJanuary 7, 1973 –December 31, 1982110th111th112th113th114thElected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Re-elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Retired.", "'''Rocco Colonna''' DemocraticJanuary 3, 1983 –December 31, 1992115th116th117th118th119thRedistricted from the 4th district and re-elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Redistricted to the 18th district.100px'''Ron Amstutz''' RepublicanJanuary 4, 1993 –December 31, 2000120th121st122nd123rdRedistricted from the 93rd district and re-elected in 1992.Re-elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Term-limited; ran for state senator.", "'''Jim Carmichael''' RepublicanJanuary 1, 2001 –December 31, 2002124thElected in 2000.Redistricted to the 3rd district.", "'''Ed Jerse''' DemocraticJanuary 6, 2003 –December 13, 2004125thRedistricted from the 14th district and re-elected in 2002.Term-limited.100px'''Kenny Yuko''' DemocraticJanuary 3, 2005 –December 31, 2012126th127th128th129thElected in 2004Re-elected in 2006.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Term-limited.100px'''Mike Dovilla''' RepublicanJanuary 7, 2013 –December 31, 2016130th131stRedistricted from the 18th district and re-elected in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Retired to run for state senator.100px'''Tom Patton''' RepublicanJanuary 2, 2017 –December 31, 2022132nd133rd134thElected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Redistricted to the 17th district.100px'''Allison Russo''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 2023 –present135thRedistricted from the 24th district and re-elected in 2022." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Guy Smith Stadium" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Guy Smith Stadium''' is a sports stadium in Greenville, North Carolina.", "It is primarily used for baseball and is the home of the Greenville Yard Gnomes, a collegiate summer baseball team in the Coastal Plain League.Guy Smith Stadium was built by the Works Project Administration for $50,000 in 1939 ().", "The ballpark is located within Guy Smith Park at 1051 Moye Boulevard.", "In 2022, the baseball field at the stadium was officially named Ronald “RV” Vincent Field for the long-time JH Rose High School baseball coach who is the all-time winningest coach in North Carolina high school baseball history.The Greenville Greenies played minor league baseball at the stadium as members of the Coastal Plain League (Class D) (1939–1941, 1946–1951).", "The Greenville Yard Gnomes will start playing collegiate summer baseball at the stadium in the current Coastal Plain League with the 2024 season.", "Stadium renovations for the 2024 season, at a cost of $1 million, include new seats, additional restroom facilities and concessions, a new hitting tunnel, and a new batting cage." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Cyrtolobus arizonae" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Cyrtolobus arizonae''''' is a species of treehopper belonging to the genus ''Cyrtolobus'' in the family Membracidae.", "It was first described by Elmer Darwin Ball in 1932." ], [ "Description", "''Cyrtolobus arizonae'' is orange-yellow with white stripes across the pronotal crest.", "Males are 5 mm while females are 6 mm." ], [ "Distribution", "''Cyrtolobus arizonae'' is found in southwestern United States, primarily in Arizona." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Connecting Stockholm" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Connecting Stockholm''' is a future train operator that will commence operating the Stockholm Metro in Sweden in May 2025.It is a joint venture owned by Go-Ahead Group (55%) and ComfortDelGro (45%).In January 2024 it was awarded an 11-year contract to operate the Stockholm Metro network.", "It will takeover from MTR." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Gallatin High School (Bozeman, Montana)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Gallatin High School''' is one of two public high schools in Bozeman, Montana, and opened in 2020 to address concerns of the city's rapidly growing population.", "In 2023, enrollment was roughly 1,480 students, making it the largest high school in Bozeman." ], [ "History", "Gallatin High School was opened in the fall of 2020.The city of Bozeman, as one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, was running out of room in the city's only public high school at the time, Bozeman High School, spurring the school's creation.", "Gallatin High School was placed in the northwest portion of Bozeman, where the majority of new development is located.The school's mascot was picked via a district-wide election process open to all students of the district.", "Other contenders included the Cutthroats and the Lizards.", "The school's name was picked through a similar process.", "The current mascot, the Raptors, contrasts well with Bozeman High School's Hawks, as both can be types of birds.", "Raptors here, however, refers to Velociraptors." ], [ "Curriculum and awards", "Like Bozeman High School, Gallatin High School offers two main types of diplomas: The standard diploma, and diplomas with distinctions.", "GHS offers a career and technical education distinction, a fine arts distinction, a humanities distinction, a merit distinction, and a STEM distinction.Gallatin High School also offers numerous Advanced Placement Courses." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Strawberry Shortcake: Berry in the Big City" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Strawberry Shortcake: Berry in the Big City''''' is an American-Canadian animated children’s television series based on the ''Strawberry Shortcake'' franchise, produced by WildBrain Studios and aired on YouTube on September 18, 2021.The series follows an aspiring baker Strawberry arrives in Big Apple City to get her big break - and have fantastic adventures with her new berry best friends!" ], [ "Synopsis" ], [ "Characters", "=== Main ===* Strawberry Shortcake (voiced by Ana Sani) is the main protagonist of the series who is an optimistic, kind, energetic and friendly 11 (or 13)-year-old girl who wants to become the best baker ever in the Berryworks factory and all of Big Apple City and to also bake the world a better place.", "She is mostly friendly with everyone and is good friends with Orange Blossom, Lemon Meringue, Lime Chiffon, Blueberry Muffin and everyone else.", "But her only enemies throughout the show in its first season are Bread Pudding, Raspberry Tart and Sour Grapes, who despise her and are the ones who tried to have Strawberry get kicked out of the Berryworks because she's not a talented baker just like her family.", "But as of season two, the three of them are currently good friends with Strawberry too and are also reformed of their terrible and cruel actions that happened towards Strawberry throughout season one too.", "And since season two, Strawberry is also the leader of her and her friends' team, the Berry Besties and her new enemies throughout the show are the Purple Pieman (who's also the uncle of Sour Grapes) and Crabapple Jam (who's the new and current owner of the Berryworks factory) and her two associates who are also twins, Cheese Strudel and Cherry Streusel.", "She's the niece of her Aunt Praline and she also runs the baking food truck in the Berryworks, which is given to her as a gift by her aunt and also has a pet cat named Custard.", "* Orange Blossom (voiced by Bahia Watson) is Strawberry's athletic best friend who is energetic and kind and loves sports and is a tomboy and she always helps Strawberry everytime whenever she needs help in her food truck or everything else that she needed for her baking business in the Berryworks too.", "She runs a smoothie stand in the Berryworks.", "* Lemon Meringue (voiced by Andrea Libman) is another one of Strawberry's best friends who's a know-it-all and is also a tomboy like her friend, Orange and is also the best friend/partner of Lime Chiffon and she always helps Strawberry everytime whenever she needs help in her food truck or everything else that she needed for her baking business in the Berryworks too.", "She runs a lemonade-limeade truck with her best friend/partner, Lime Chiffon in the Berryworks and is also a professional mechanic who helps fix her friend, Strawberry's oven in her food truck whenever it catches a fire or accidentally explodes everytime and as heard in the show's second episode of the first season, \"Lemon's Explosive Oven!\"", "and also fixes everything else in the Berryworks.", "* Lime Chiffon (voiced by Margaritta Valderrama) is another one of Strawberry's best friends who is sweet and kind and is also the best friend/partner of Lemon Meringue and she always helps Strawberry everytime whenever she needs help in her food truck or everything else that she needed for her baking business in the Berryworks too.", "She has two dads and she also runs a lemonade-limeade truck with her best friend/partner, Lemon Meringue in the Berryworks.", "And since at the end of season one, she's also good friends with Bread Pudding too.", "* Blueberry Muffin (voiced by Diana Kaarina) is another one of Strawberry's best friends who is spirited, calm and kind and she always helps Strawberry everytime whenever she needs help in her food truck or everything else that she needed for her baking business in the Berryworks too.", "She has a spiritual mom and a younger brother and she also runs the ice cream shop in the Berryworks.", "And she also has a sibling rivalry with her younger brother at times and as he always tries to annoy her and her friends a lot and as she finds him very annoying and will often lash out at him whenever he gets on her nerves, but deep down she loves him nonetheless.", "* Bread Pudding (voiced by Chirag Naik) is the main antagonist in the first season of the series-turned protagonist since in the second season of the series and is Strawberry's former arch-enemy-turned friend who is a serious and also arrogant, selfish, rude and very strict and disciplined boy who works as the coordinator/overseer of the Berryworks and is good friends with Raspberry Tart and Sour Grapes as they also work for him and is the one who wants and tries to have Strawberry to be kicked out of the Berryworks because she's not a talented baker just like her family.", "He always tries his best to be better than Strawberry at everything along with the help and assistance of his two friends, Raspberry and Sour who helps him in his schemes too, but always fails and as Strawberry always tells them that she's unbeatable.", "But at the end of season one and as of season two, he and alongside his two friends, Raspberry and Sour currently became good friends with Strawberry and are reformed and became much nicer than they're before and as they apologized to Strawberry for their wrongdoings towards her and are forgiven by her too.", "And Bread Pudding also became good friends with Lime Chiffon since at the end of season one and season two too.", "And as of season three, he still works at the Berryworks as the factory's main coordinator/overseer and is joined by two other coordinators/overseers who are twins and are also very strict just like him, Cheese Strudel and Cherry Streusel and he also works for the current and new owner of the Berryworks, Crabapple Jam too.", "He's also the son of the Berryworks' original owner, Figgy Pudding.", "* Raspberry Tart (voiced by Tabitha St. Germain)* Sour Grapes (voiced by Meg Roe)* Huckleberry Pie (voiced by Vincent Tong) is another one of Strawberry's best friends who works as a street musician in the Big Apple City and loves playing his guitar and sing everytime and as he tries to get everyone in Big Apple City to tip him and to listen to his music, but it never works at times though.", "But besides that, he's a great musician to everyone and loves playing his guitar and also loves to sing good songs with his guitar to his good friends and especially Strawberry, who always tells him to never give up." ], [ "Episodes", "===Series overview====== Season 1 (2021-22) ====== Season 2 (2022-23) ====== Season 3 (2023-present) ===" ], [ "Special telefilms" ], [ "Production", "When Iconix Brand Group purchased the ''Strawberry Shortcake'' brand assets from American Greetings on February 3, 2015, until the Canadian company WildBrain (known at the time as DHX Media) acquired the band from Iconix on May 10, 2017, the ''Strawberry Shortcake'' upcoming series was originally revealed and developed on June 30 of the same year.", "On September 9, 2021, it was announced that the series titled ''Strawberry Shortcake: Berry in the Big City'' would premiere on September 18, 2021 on YouTube.A second season was announced by WildBrain on May 19, 2022, and premiered on June 25, 2022.A third season was announced on September 25, 2022, and premiered on July 15, 2023 on the official ''Strawberry Shortcake'' YouTube channel." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "**" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Laudemium" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Laudemium''' is compensation owed to the direct landlord for not using the right of pre-emption when the emphyteusis onerously disposes of the leasehold property.", "It corresponds to a percentage of the property's market value, to be paid when there is an onerous transaction with a definitive deed of occupation rights or the leasing of land." ], [ "Brazil", "In Brazil, the main holders of this right are the Federal Government (marine land) and the Catholic Church.", "There are also private emphyteuses, such as that of the Petrópolis Branch of the Brazilian Imperial Family, which is justified by the fact that these instalments do not constitute a tax in legal terms, but rather a real right, such as rent.The body responsible for demarcating the areas on which the Union's laudemium is levied is the Union Patrimony Secretariat (SPU), a body currently linked to the Ministry of Economy.The position adopted in the Civil Code in relation to \"emphyteusis\" (art.", "678) is that this is an outdated form of constitution of a right in rem over something else, which was relegated to the chapter on transitional provisions.", "Hence the prohibition on charging the contract transfer fee, known as \"laudêmio\" and, in the context in question, \"subenfiteuse\" will be prohibited, as a means of discouraging the emphyteusis contract.=== Marine Land ===The concept of marine land has been defined since 22 February 1868, when Imperial Decree No.", "4.105 was published,3 which establishes in its article 1, § 1:Marine lands are all those bathed by the waters of the sea or navigable rivers up to a distance of 15 fathoms (33 metres) from the land, counted from the point reached by the mean high tide.This point refers to the state of the place at the time of the execution of the law of 15 November 1831, article 51, paragraph 14 (instruction of 14 November 1832, article 4).Article 2 of Decree-Law 9.760/46 updated the text as follows:Art.", "2 - The following are marine lands, at a depth of 33 (thirty-three) metres, measured horizontally, for the part of the land, from the position of the line of the mean high tide of 1831:\"a) those situated on the mainland, on the sea coast and on the banks of rivers and lagoons, as far as the influence of the tides can be felt; \"b) those around islands situated in an area where the influence of the tides can be felt.", "\"Sole Paragraph.", "For the purposes of this article, the influence of the tides is characterised by the periodic oscillation of 5 (five) centimetres or less in the level of the waters, occurring at any time of the year.=== Imperial Family Estates ===In 1822, the then Prince Pedro, on a trip to Vila Rica, Minas Gerais, in search of support for the Brazilian Independence movement, decided to stay in a property on the banks of the Piabanha River valley.", "During his stay, he was enchanted by the Atlantic Forest and the mild climate of the mountainous region, today known as Serra dos Órgãos.", "Eight years later, in 1830, shortly before resigning as emperor, he acquired a nearby property, called Fazenda do Córrego Seco, renamed Imperial Fazenda da Concórdia, where he intended to build a summer residence.", "After his death in 1834, the property was left as an inheritance to his son, the future emperor Pedro II.In March 1843, Emperor Pedro II signed a decree that approved, within the limits of the property, the construction of the residence and the leasing of the surrounding area, with the aim of starting a planned settlement, eventually becoming, through another decree in the decade next, the municipality of Petrópolis.", "Thus, since before the creation of the city itself, the entire populated region belonged to the imperial family, and followed the rules of an emphyteusis, an institute present in Brazil since colonial times, and replacing Portuguese tenure after Independence.", "By law, in force to this day, any real estate transaction in the so-called First District of Petrópolis adds a consideration to the imperial family (laudêmio), currently set at 2.5% of the operation.However, since the 1940s, following a family agreement, only descendants of the Petrópolis Branch started to carry this right, through the Companhia Imobiliária de Petrópolis, while members of the Vassouras Branch no longer receive any amount.=== Forum and Occupancy Rate ===Union land is subject, in addition to the assessment, to a forum charge (annualized rate corresponding to 0.6% of the value of the property) and occupancy tax (which can be 2% or 5%, and is charged to the owner which has not yet signed a lease agreement with the Union).Owners of properties located in marine areas are divided into two types: OCCUPANTS (they only have the right to occupy and are the majority) and FOREIGNERS (those who have jurisdiction contracts and have more rights than the occupant, as they also have the useful domain) - residents of Baixada Santista and other Brazilian cities are included in these categories.According to Decree-Law No.", "9,760/1946, these are marine lands at a depth of 33 meters, measured horizontally towards the land, from the position of the mean high-water line of 1,831: a) Those located on the continent, on the sea coast and on the banks of rivers and lakes, as far as the influence of the tides is felt; b) Those that surround the islands, located in areas where the influence of the tides is felt." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Pressure groups in Scotland" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Pressure groups in Scotland''' serve as a means of influence by the public and individuals who share the same view on various different issues, and aim to influence and change Scottish Government policy, legislation and conduct.", "Pressure groups influence government policy and decision making by organising and participating in marches and rally events, creating petitions, \"lobbying\" members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), writing to politicians and newspapers, as well as engaging with other forms of media such as television and radio broadcasts, and aiming to increase publicity by engaging in publicity stunts, the majority of which are legal and peaceful, however, some can be disruptive and unlawful." ], [ "Types of pressure groups", "===Insider groups===Insider pressure groups are groups which have the support of the Scottish Government.", "The government will frequently engage with insider pressure groups for advice on a range of issues relevant to their cause, as well as to discuss either new laws, or amendments to existing Scots law.The Educational Institute of Scotland is a prominent insider pressure group, and as such, rely heavily on mutual engagements and discussions with the government rather than organising marches and rallies.===Outsider groups===The opposite of insider pressure groups, outsider pressure groups are groups who do not directly engage with the government, or have any real influence over government policy and decision making.", "Most often, their views and actions do not always have the support of the government, as well as often disapproving of their actions.", "In order to gain the attention of the government and secure discussions to influence policy, outsider pressure groups rely on high-profile media campaigns and stunts in order to get their cause recognised by the government.Outsider pressure groups, such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, have held demonstrations and rallies in recent years against fracking in Scotland and the wider United Kingdom." ], [ "Actions and means", "First Minister Nicola Sturgeon with members of the pressure group Stop Climate Chaos ScotlandIndividuals join a pressure group in order to voice their support for a particular issue, allowing them to collaborate with other individuals who share a similar view in order to influence Scotland's various systems of government – the Scottish Government, local government, community councils, and the UK Government.Some examples of pressure groups which have operated in Scotland in the past include:* ''Average Speed cameras on the A9 are not the Answer'' – a local pressure group * ''Friends of the Earth Scotland'' are a national pressure group * ''Amnesty International'' is a large international pressure groupIt is commonly accepted amongst pressure groups operating in Scotland that they have the right to criticise the government and politicians, protest as long as they are lawful, informing Police Scotland and the local council of where and when demonstrations are expected to occur, information distributed by pressure groups are based on facts, and avoid intimidating politicians or the public as part of their cause.", "It is the responsibility of pressure groups to organise and hold meetings of their group with other members to discuss agenda and target setting and to represent the views of all members in their entirety.", "Pressure groups have the right to use the national media to gain attention and share their views as relevant to their cause.", "In Scotland, media sources such as BBC Scotland, STV, ''Daily Record'', ''The Scotsman'', ''The National'' and BBC Radio Scotland, amongst others, can all be used by pressure groups to broadcast and share the message of their cause." ], [ "Examples of groups in Scotland", "* Out for Independence (the Scottish National Party's LGBT wing)* Rainbow Greens (the Scottish Greens LGBT wing)* For Women Scotland* Friends of the Earth Scotland* Greenpeace * Fathers 4 Justice * Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament** Scottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament* Celtic League* It's Scotland's oil * Business for Scotland* Campaign for a Scottish Olympic Team* Ceartas* Clì Gàidhlig* Democratic Left Scotland* Equality Network* Exit (right-to-die organisation)* Labour for Independence* N-56* Scotland Against Criminalising Communities* Scottish Constitutional Convention* Scottish League for the Taxation of Land Values* Scottish Palestine Solidarity Campaign* Scottish Wildlife Trust* Siol nan Gaidheal* SNP Trade Union Group* Stop Climate Chaos Scotland" ], [ "See also", "* Politics of Scotland Scottish Government Scottish Parliament * Pressure groups in the United Kingdom * Democracy" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "German-Soviet air war 22 June 1941" ], [ "Introduction", "'''German-Soviet air war 22 June 1941''' was the largest one-day air battle in military history.", "Around 14,000 combat aircraft took part in air war 22 June 1941, with more 2,000 aircraft destroyed (the losses were, according to various estimates, from 35:1 to 60:1 in favor of the Luftwaffe, see below).", "The Germans won a convincing victory, demonstrated superiority in tactics, the skills of pilots and, having destroyed significant forces of outnumbered Soviet air forces, gained air supremacy." ], [ "Luftwaffe on 21 June", "As of 21 June, the Luftwaffe had a total of 4,948 combat aircraft on all fronts.", "These included 1,454 single-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 282 twin-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 196 twin-engine fighter-bombers, 422 dive bombers, 1,503 twin-engine bombers, 25 four-engine bombers, 244 seaplanes, and 822 reconnaissance aircraft.", "At last readiness, as of 21 June 1941, approximately 3,567 combat aircraft (72%) were in combat readiness.", "This included 76% single-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 72% twin-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 72% night fighters, 71% dive bombers, and 66% two- and four-engine bombers.Even at the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, significant Luftwaffe forces remained in the West.", "In total, the West had about 33% of all available combat aircraft (including in the Mediterranean theater).", "This force consisted of 31% of all single-engine fighters, 27% of twin-engine fighters and fighter-bombers, 100% of night fighters, 20% of dive bombers, 37% of twin-engine bombers, 100% of four-engine bombers." ], [ "Soviet aviation on 21 June", "James J. Schneider has argued that from 1929, Joseph Stalin set out to create a \"warfare state\" in the Soviet Union, as a country that was continuously preparing to fight a large-scale war.The Soviets were confident that in the event of war with Germany they would win an easy victory by defeating the Luftwaffe.", "According to independent Russian military researcher Dmitry Khazanov: \"What I heard exceeded all expectations: such a well-conceived and carefully prepared strike did not produce the expected results.", "I still don’t understand how this could have happened: the Bolsheviks met us almost at the border \"- these are the words the Soviet science fiction writer N. Shpanov put into the mouth of the chief of staff of the German air fleet.", "The novel \"The First Strike (The Tale of a Future War)\", published in the Soviet Military Publishing House in 1939, tells, how the German attack on Soviet airfields was thwarted: the clear and coordinated activity of all Soviet air defense services, especially air surveillance posts, made it possible to timely launch fighters into the air, and the “Stalinist falcons” completely defeated the German pilots and forced them to retreat.", "A book written in the spirit of Stalinist slogans “The Red Army will respond with a triple blow to the blow of the warmongers” or “The Red Army will wage the war offensively with the goal of destroying the enemy and achieving victory with little bloodshed,” contributed to the emergence of boastfulness, arrogance, and clearly overestimated the capabilities of Soviet aviation\".At the end of the 1930s, everything was still noticeably behind the Soviet engine building from Western standards.", "Many Soviet aircraft manufacturing enterprises used outdated technology, the work was slowed down by a low-power experimental production base, poor technical equipment of Soviet scientific institutes.", "The USSR had to purchase from Western countries, especially the USA and master the release of some licensed components and aviation materials.", "Materials science lagged behind, and the production of much-needed aluminum did not meet the needs of industry.", "Therefore, most Soviet aircraft had a mixed design with an extensive use of wood.", "The radio industry had failed to provide aircraft with reliable and compact radios and other necessary equipment, such as navigation.No less problems arose when solving those of staffing.", "Bureaucracy, inertia, the desire primarily for quantitative indicators seriously harmed the strengthening of the air power of the Soviet Union.", "Excessive ideologization and great attention to the \"class\" factor when recruiting the Red Army Air Force (80–90% of future pilots were recruited from workers or peasants) also had a negative impact on the overall combat readiness.At a meeting of senior command staff dedicated to the use of branches of the Armed Forces in the upcoming war, which took place six months before the Nazi invasion, where sometimes the most contradictory opinions were expressed.", "The speakers presented different, sometimes directly opposing views on the optimal structure of the Air Force, the degree of centralization of control, the effectiveness of raids on enemy airfields, etc.", "This caused alarm among the People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, who said, summing up: \"We have a lot of accumulated experience regarding the use of the Air Force in operations, but, as noted at the meeting, this experience has not yet been generalized and studied.", "Furthermore, - and this can be fraught with serious consequences - our Air Force leadership does not have a unified view on such issues as the formation and planning of operations, assessment enemy, methods of conducting air warfare and imposing one’s will on the enemy, choosing targets, etc.", "\".A significant part of the Soviet pilots had rich combat experience due to the Soviet Air Force having recently experienced соmbаt over Finland at Winter War and against the Empire of Japan in the East." ], [ "Black day of Soviet aviation", "MiG 3, during ''Barbarossa'', 1941.The Luftwaffe's Chief of the General Staff, Hans Jeschonnek, wanted to begin air attacks before the German artillery started firing.", "However, Hitler and the OKW decided that that might give the opportunity for the Soviets to disperse their air units, and rejected Jeschonnek's proposal.", "Hitler gave the order for the air strikes on airfields to be carried out at dawn.", "Although many new German bomber crews had only limited training in instrument-flying, the Luftflotten overcame the problem by hand picking experienced crews, who would cross the border at high altitude, to swoop on their targets.", "The Germans deliberately targeted Soviet fighter air bases first, to knock out potential opposition to its bombers and dive bombers.The first attacks began at 03:00 on 22 June.", "The Soviets, caught by surprise, had their aircraft bunched together in neat rows which were vulnerable.", "The results proved devastating.", "At Pinsk aerodrome the 39th Mixed Bomber Aviation Regiment of 10th Mixed Aviation Division lost 43 SBs and five Pe-2s on the ground after attacks by KG 3, which lost one bomber.", "Further to the west, the 33rd Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 10th Mixed Aviation Division lost 46 I-53 and I-16s to fighter-bombers of JG 51.Messerschmitt Bf 110s of SKG 210 destroyed 50 aircraft at Kobryn airfield, near the headquarters of the 10th Mixed Aviation Division and the Soviet Fourth Army.", "The airfield based the 74th Attack Aviation Regiment, which lost 47 I-15s, 5 I-153s and 8 IL-2 aircraft on 22 June.", "Slightly later, KG 54 attacked airfields in the area, and its 80 Ju 88s destroyed 100 Soviet aircraft.", "However, the Luftwaffe and its allies were far from alone in the skies.", "The VVS flew 6,000 sorties (in comparison to the Germans' 2,272 sorties) and VVS ZOVO put 1,900 aircraft into the air.", "They put up bitter resistance in the air, scoring a few successes.", "Such was the intensity and determination of the Soviet pilots they disregarded their losses and fought with a resolve which surprised German airmen.", "In several cases Soviet pilots rammed German machines, using the tactic of ''taran''.Soviet R-5 and I-15bis biplanes destroyed by Luftwaffe assault strikes at the Kaunas military airfield (USSR)The ''Stavka'', stunned by the initial assault, took several hours to realize the disastrous situation and to respond.", "They ordered every available VVS bomber into the air.", "Without coordination and fighter escort, they suffered catastrophic losses, and flew, quite literally, to the \"last man\".", "The Germans assessed the bravery of Soviet bomber crews as unequalled in this regard.", "In the event, the VVS' bombers kept coming, and on several occasions the Bf 109s wiped out entire formations.", "Only 10 hours after the first Axis attacks, at 13:40, did the commander of the Red Army Air Force (VVS KA - ), Pavel Zhigarev, order the long-range aviation into action.", "The 96 Long-Range Aviation Regiment of 3rd Bomber Aviation Corps put 70 DB-3s into the air but lost 22 with many others returning damaged.", "The German fighter pilots had it very easy under these circumstances, attacking unescorted bombers in a target-rich environment.", "JG 53 claimed 74 air victories for two losses.", "III./JG 53 claimed 36 air victories alone and 28 on the ground.", "JG 51 was credited with 12 fighters and 57 bombers.", "JG 54 accounted for 45 air victories and 35 on the ground for one Bf 109 damaged.", "The Bf 110s of SKG 210 accounted for 334 Soviet aircraft against 14 airfields.", "It lost seven Bf 110s destroyed or damaged.At the end of the day, German reports claimed 1,489 Soviet aircraft destroyed on the ground alone.", "At first, these statistics seemed barely credible.", "Even Hermann Göring refused to believe the figures and had them secretly checked.", "In fact, German officers checking the airfields which the ''Wehrmacht'' soon overran, counted over 2,000 wrecks.", "Soviet sources confirm these totals.", "The VVS Baltic District lost 56 aircraft on 11 airfields.", "VVS ZOVO lost 738 of its 1,789 aircraft on 26 airfields.", "The VVS Kiev District had 23 of its airfields bombed it lost 192 aircraft, 97 on the ground.", "In addition, 109 training aircraft were destroyed.", "The Long-Range Aviation and naval air forces reported the loss of 336 aircraft.", "Entire units were nearly wiped out.", "The 9th Mixed Aviation Division lost 347 out of 409 aircraft including the majority of the 57 MiG 3 and 52 I-16s of its 129th Fighter Aviation Regiment.", "The division's commander, Sergey Chernykh was shot for the failure.", "Only the VVS Odessa, under the command of , was prepared for the assault, losing only 23 aircraft on six airbases to Emanoil Ionescu's Romanian Air Corps.", "Ionescu lost four per cent of his strength on this date, the worst Romanian losses on a single day in the 1941 campaign.Soviet damaged I-16 fighters captured by the Germans at Riga airfield (USSR)In all, two waves of Axis attacks struck.", "In the morning, the first wave destroyed 1,800 aircraft for two losses, while the second wave lost 33 Axis machines but destroyed 700 Soviet aircraft.", "The Soviet official history of the VVS only admits to \"around\" 1,200 losses.", "In the air battles, Axis losses were more significant.", "In some cases Luftwaffe losses, relevant to their strength were \"shocking\"; KG 51 lost 15 Ju 88s in one action.", "lost 10 He 111s over the airfields.", "In contrast other bombers units suffered lightly.", "claimed 40 Soviet aircraft on the ground, for no loss.", "Total Luftwaffe losses amounted to 55 combat aircraft on 22 June; 14 Bf 109s, 6 Bf 110s, 11 He 111s, two Ju 87s, 21 Ju 87s, one Do 17 and 6 miscellaneous types.", "The Romanian Air Force lost four Blenheims, two PZL P-37 fighters, two Savoia-Marchetti SM.79, one Potez 633, one IAR 37 and one IAR 39.Soviet statistics contained considerable exaggeration, claiming \"more than 200 enemy aircraft\" destroyed on the first day.The balance of power in the air was altered for the next few months.", "The Luftwaffe had attained air superiority, if not supremacy at this point.", "The low German opinion of Soviet combat capabilities had been confirmed, and was bolstered by information provided by captured VVS personnel.", "The Soviet bomber fleet had been crippled; its remaining forces continued costly attacks on the German rear.", "The VVS recovered once surprise had worn off.", "The autumn weather also provided the Soviets with breathing space to partially rebuild." ], [ "Luftwaffe's tactics and pilot skills", "Among the experienced Soviet pilots who fought during Spanish Civil War against the Luftwaffe, against Empire of Japan in 1939, and Finland in 1939/1940, many understood that war could not be avoided and expected a German attack.", "What was unexpected for all of them was the nature of the air war that the Luftwaffe imposed on Soviets from the very first hours.", "First of all, the Germans turned out to be very persistent in achieving their goals.", "Thus, for the Soviet 10th mixed aviation division, the first strike took by surprise only the 74th assault aviation regiment of Major B.Vasilyev.", "The 123rd Fighter Aviation Regiment suffered the main losses during the fifth raid, and the 33rd Fighter Aviation Regiment suffered the main losses during the fourth.", "In the latter case, nine German Messerschmitt Bf 109s managed to deceive the vigilance of air target detection posts, sneaking up at an extremely low altitude, and burned 21 I-16s and 5 I-153s in a 40-minute attack.", "The regiment was defeated in less than an hour.The tactics of German aviation consisted of alternating raids on airfields by fighters and bombers in small and medium groups, depending on Soviet opposition.", "And since many airfields did not have any air defense systems at all, and others had one or two anti-aircraft machine guns, there were no basic shelters for flight and technical personnel, the planes were crowded everywhere and were not camouflaged, the Luftwaffe acted very effectively and with almost impunity.", "The airfield of the Soviet 122nd Fighter Aviation Regiment near Lida was subjected to four raids by German bombers (in one case, fighter-bombers operated) without any fighter escort.A very significant factor that influenced the sharp decline in the combat effectiveness of the Soviet Air Force was the loss of control in most Air Force units - aviation divisions, regiments.", "Things were especially bad on the Soviet Western Front, where the front air force headquarters was virtually inactive during the first three days of the war.", "Many air regiment commanders assigned their subordinates tasks to conduct combat operations without coordination with higher headquarters.There was no general plan for withdrawing Soviet air units from German attack.", "Under these conditions, not all commanders made decisions appropriate to the current situation and tried to maneuver their forces.", "But failure awaited them too, since it turned out that the Luftwaffe was well aware of the location of Soviet alternate airfields, as well as field sites near the border.", "Therefore, those Soviet units that were able to relocate on 22 June suffered no less than the rest.", "Soviet pilots were taught: who could be higher the enemy - he dominates the battle.", "In real life, German aviation operated at low, and sometimes extremely low, altitudes.", "Under these conditions, Soviet fighter pilots First of all, those who piloted the new MiG-3 and Yakovlev Yak-1 often could not cope with the machines.", "German reports indicated that often MiG-3 pilots, fighting at low altitude, could not cope with piloting, went into a tailspin and crashed.", "The main burden of air battles fell on the veterans: Polikarpov I-16, Polikarpov I-153, Polikarpov I-15bis.", "In many cases, undeveloped \"MiG-3\" and \"Petlyakov Pe-2\" turned out to be useless ballast." ], [ "Differences between the air war on the Eastern Front and the Western Front", "According to the well-known authors of several dozen books about the air war on the Eastern Front: \"For Russian and German pilots the most terrible fate was to be captured.", "When a plane was shot down over the UK, the Luftwaffe crew were doomed to stay in a POW camp until the end of the war, but they were sure that they would survive.", "The same thing happened to the British and Americans when they were shot down over the Third Reich.", "However, on the Eastern Front everything was different.", "Red propaganda sought to inspire in soldiers ‘devotion to the Motherland’, and getting captured was considered shameful and a betrayal.", "By order of Stalin, the families of those who were captured were repressed and deprived of food.", "The mortality rate Soviet PoW in German camps was also very high.", "So for Russian pilots being captured was often worse than death.", "Often German aircrew who had bailed out or made an emergency landing were immediately killed by local residents or angry Red Army soldiers.", "If the pilots made it to a prison camp, horrors and hardship were waiting for them there.", "In general, in the East, where there was a ‘war to the death’, the pilots had no guarantee that they would survive!", "Therefore, once in enemy territory, they first fled the landing site and hid, and then tried to get to the front line and reach their own troops\"." ], [ "Comparison of the reliability of Soviet/German claims of aerial victories", "Independent analysis by Western (but non-German) researchers demonstrates that the German aces were very accurate in estimating the number of destroyed Soviet aircraft.", "Unlike the Germans, Soviet pilots exaggerated their victories by at least 4 times.", "German-Soviet air war Germany's losses USSR's losses Soviet claims Ratio German confirmed German claims Ratio Soviet confirmed Completely destroyed combat aircraft at air 22 June 1941 243 7:1 or 4:1 35 or 55 or 57 322 1:1 336 Completely destroyed combat aircraft at air and on ground 22.06-31.12.41 7,888 4:1 2,093 17,745 1,1:1 15,840" ], [ "Losses", "According to David Stahel: \"In the opening days of Barbarossa the Luftwaffe inflicted carnage on the Soviet air force\".Based on Soviet reports received from the frontier areas on 22 June (obviously, extremely incomplete due to the chaos, confusion and hasty retreat of the Soviet troops), Red Army Air Force headquarters concluded that at least 1,136 Soviet combat aircraft (including 10 from Black Sea Fleet Air Force) were completely destroyed on the first day of the war.", "From this came the now well-known figure of 1,200 lost Soviet aircraft.", "German reports claim that 322 Soviet aircraft were shot down in the air and 1,489 destroyed on the ground.", "The last figure was obtained by counting captured aircraft discovered at airfields and landing sites.", "A detailed study of the vehicles captured by the Germans and published photographs showed that not all Soviet fighters, bombers, and attack aircraft were seriously damaged as a result of air raids.", "Often planes were blown up and burned not by German bombs, but by their own crews during the retreat due to the inability to evacuate equipment in the chaos of the retreat.", "During the first day of war, according to very incomplete Soviet archival data reliable Soviet losses amounted to at least 2,000 combat aircraft.According to German reports, 1,811 Soviet aircraft were destroyed on the ground and in the air on 22 June, another 755 on 23 June, and total 2,546 in just two days of war.", "Soviet official losses give (even despite the obvious incompleteness of the data due to the loss of documents during a hasty retreat) an even higher figure - 2,949.Thus, the Luftwaffe even underestimated the number of destroyed Soviet aircraft.", "Another Western (non-German) source states that German losses amounted to 78 combat aircraft on June 22-24 against 3,922 completely destroyed Soviet aircraft.Commenting on the German losses on 22 June, the German historian J. Prien writes that such losses were not the highest for the Luftwaffe.", "So, on 18 August 1940, Germans lost 77 aircraft and 163 flight personnel irretrievably lost due to British opposition, and on 15 September of the same year - 61 and 188, respectively.", "The first day of aggression against the Soviet Union cost the lives of 133 aircrew membersAccording to the official German history of the Second World War: \"The attacks in the early morning of 22 June were directed primarily against thirty-one airfields and against the supposed quarters of senior staffs, barracks, artillery positions, bunkers, and oil-storage facilities.", "Initially Soviet fighters showed little desire to engage in combat and turned away at considerable range if fire was opened.", "Soviet anti-aircraft fire was initially weak.", "Оn the morning of 22 June the Soviets lost а total of 890 aircraft, 222 of them in aerial combat or to anti-aircraft fire and 668 on the ground.", "The Luftwaffe, on the other hand, lost only 18 aircraft.", "Ву midnight оп 22 June, Soviet losses had risen to а total of 1,811 aircraft, with 1,489 destroyed оn the ground and 322 destroyed mostly in the air.", "German losses rose to 35 aircraft.", "During the first days of the attack aerial reconnaissance discovered many previously unknown airfields with а large number of aircraft, which necessitated continued massed attacks by the Luftwaffe against Soviet air-force units during the following days.", "Between 23 and 26 June а total of 123 airfields were attacked.", "Ву the end of June some 330 German aircraft had been lost, against а total of 4,614 Soviet aircraft reported destroyed, 1,438 in the air and 3,176 оn the ground.", "Ву the end of the fighting in the frontier area on 12 July, the figures had risen to 6,857 Soviet aircraft destroyed against 550 total losses on the German side.\"" ], [ "Outcome", "The German-Soviet air battle on 22 June has no equal in military history.", "The Luftwaffe launched an offensive against the Soviets, who had been warned and were preparing to repel a German attack.", "Although the Germans were inferior to the Soviets by more than 5 times in the number of single-engine fighters, due to better tactics and pilots they were able to seize air superiority and inflict heavy losses on Soviet aircraft." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2023 Bislett Games" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2023 Bislett Games''' was the 57th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Oslo, Norway.", "Held on 15 June at Bislett Stadium, it was the sixth leg of the 2023 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.The highlight of the meeting was the men's 5000 metres, where Jacob Kiplimo and Yomif Kejelcha battled to the line in a photo finish with both runners being awarded a time of 12:41.73 seconds, but Kejelcha being deemed the winner.", "It was the first time in history that any person had ever run under 12:45 in the 5000 m while still being contested at the finish by another competitor.", "Reigning Olympic champion Jakob Ingebrigtsen set a personal best in the 1500 metres, running under 3:28 for the first time." ], [ "Results", "Athletes competing in the Diamond League disciplines earned extra compensation and points which went towards qualifying for the Diamond League finals in Eugene.", "First place earned eight points, with each step down in place earning one less point than the previous, until no points are awarded in ninth place or lower.===Diamond Discipline===+Men's 200m (+0.6 m/s) Place Athlete Country Time Points Erriyon Knighton 19.77 8 Reynier Mena 20.09 7 Joseph Fahnbulleh 20.23 6 4 Alexander Ogando 20.27 5 5 Andre De Grasse 20.33 4 6 Joshua Hartmann 20.39 3 7 Mouhamadou Fall 20.65 2 8 Luxolo Adams 20.79 1+Men's 400m Place Athlete Country Time Points Wayde van Niekerk 44.38 8 Muzala Samukonga 44.49 7 Vernon Norwood 44.51 6 4 Håvard Bentdal Ingvaldsen 44.86 5 5 Matthew Hudson-Smith 44.92 4 6 Bayapo Ndori 44.99 3 7 Zakithi Nene 45.34 2 8 Anthony Zambrano 46.45 1+Men's 1500m Place Athlete Country Time Points Jakob Ingebrigtsen 3:27.95 8 Mohamed Katir 3:28.89 7 Yared Nuguse 3:29.02 6 4 Timothy Cheruiyot 3:29.08 5 5 Mario García 3:29.18 4 6 Azeddine Habz 3:29.26 3 7 Ollie Hoare 3:29.41 2 8 Narve Gilje Nordås 3:29.47 1 9 Josh Kerr 3:30.07 10 Neil Gourley 3:30.88 11 Abel Kipsang 3:31.76 12 Andreas Almgren 3:32.00 13 Teddese Lemi 3:32.24 14 Charles Grethen 3:36.27 Filip Ingebrigtsen DNF DNF Mounir Akbache DNF +Men's 5000m Place Athlete Country Time Points Yomif Kejelcha 12:41.73 8 Jacob Kiplimo 12:41.73 7 Telahun Haile Bekele 12:46.21 6 4 Joe Klecker 12:56.59 5 5 Luis Grijalva 12:56.63 4 6 Thierry Ndikumwenayo 12:58.60 3 7 Samuel Tefera 13:02.09 2 8 Ishmael Kipkurui 13:05.47 1 9 Paul Chelimo 13:06.78 10 Magnus Tuv Myhre 13:09.44 11 Henrik Ingebrigtsen 13:18.04 12 Adel Mechaal 13:22.31 13 Cornelius Kemboi 13:22.35 14 Zerei Kbrom Mezngi 13:27.31 15 Awet Nftalem Kibrab 13:30.96 16 Jack Rayner 13:38.11 DNF Žan Rudolf DNF Fredrik Sandvik DNF +Men's 400mH Place Athlete Country Time Points Karsten Warholm 46.52 8 CJ Allen 47.58 7 Wilfried Happio 48.13 6 4 Ludvy Vaillant 48.59 5 5 Trevor Bassitt 48.63 4 6 Khallifah Rosser 48.87 3 7 Abdelmalik Lahoulou 49.27 2 8 Julien Watrin 49.45 1+Men's Pole Vault Place Athlete Country Mark Points Armand Duplantis 6.01 m 8 Chris Nilsen 5.91 m 7 EJ Obiena 5.81 m 6 4 Sam Kendricks 5.71 m 5 5 Ben Broeders 5.71 m 4 6 Sondre Guttormsen 5.71 m 3 7 Pål Haugen Lillefosse 5.61 m 2 8 Bo Kanda Lita Baehre 5.41 m 1 9 Renaud Lavillenie 5.41 m Simen Guttormsen NM +Men's Long Jump Place Athlete Country Mark Points Simon Ehammer 8.32 m 8 Marquis Dendy 8.26 m 7 Miltiadis Tentoglou 8.21 m 6 4 Steffin McCarter 8.04 m 5 5 Thobias Montler 8.01 m 4 6 Tajay Gayle 7.87 m 3 7 Ingar Bratseth-Kiplesund 7.75 m 2 8 Sander Skotheim 7.74 m 1 9 Henrik Flåtnes 7.66 m +Women's 100m (+0.9 m/s) Place Athlete Country Time Points Marie-Josée Ta Lou 10.75 8 Anthonique Strachan 10.92 7 Shericka Jackson 10.98 6 4 Dina Asher-Smith 10.98 5 5 Daryll Neita 10.98 4 6 Ewa Swoboda 11.07 3 7 Imani-Lara Lansiquot 11.10 2 8 Gina Bass 11.22 1+Women's Mile Place Athlete Country Time Points Birke Haylom 4:17.13 8 Cory McGee 4:18.11 7 Jessica Hull 4:18.24 6 4 Nikki Hiltz 4:18.38 5 5 Worknesh Mesele 4:19.09 4 6 Linden Hall 4:19.60 3 7 Hirut Meshesha 4:20.00 2 8 Winnie Nanyondo 4:20.03 1 9 Josette Andrews 4:21.98 10 Ciara Mageean 4:22.03 11 Axumawit Embaye 4:24.01 12 Claudia Bobocea 4:25.02 13 Gabriela DeBues-Stafford 4:32.59 Ellie Sanford DNF DQ +Women's 3000m Place Athlete Country Time Points Beatrice Chebet 8:25.01 8 Lilian Kasait Rengeruk 8:25.90 7 Margaret Kipkemboi 8:26.14 6 4 Alicia Monson 8:29.43 5 5 Weini Kelati 8:32.50 4 6 Sarah Chelangat 8:32.53 3 7 Agnes Jebet Ngetich 8:32.62 2 8 Caroline Nyaga 8:34.85 1 9 Maureen Koster 8:35.93 10 Elly Henes 8:36.86 11 Emily Infeld 8:41.29 12 Hawi Feysa 8:49.89 13 Jessica Warner-Judd 8:53.10 14 Diane van Es 8:56.28 DNF +Women's 400mH Place Athlete Country Time Points Femke Bol 52.30 8 Rushell Clayton 53.84 7 Gianna Woodruff 54.46 6 4 Janieve Russell 54.91 5 5 Anna Hall 55.28 4 6 Viktoriya Tkachuk 55.36 3 7 Anna Ryzhykova 55.53 2 8 Line Kloster 56.44 1+Women's Triple Jump Place Athlete Country Mark Points Yulimar Rojas 14.91 m 8 Leyanis Pérez 14.87 m 7 Yulimar Rojas 14.86 m 6 4 Maryna Bekh-Romanchuk 14.75 m 5 5 Shanieka Ricketts 14.33 m 4 6 Thea LaFond 14.21 m 3 7 Tori Franklin 14.16 m 2 8 Keturah Orji 14.15 m 1 9 Maja Åskag 13.73 m +Women's Shot Put Place Athlete Country Mark Points Sarah Mitton 19.54 m 8 Maggie Ewen 19.52 m 7 Danniel Thomas-Dodd 19.44 m 6 4 Chase Ealey 19.44 m 5 5 Auriol Dongmo 19.44 m 4 6 Adelaide Aquilla 19.17 m 3 7 Axelina Johansson 18.72 m 2 8 Sara Gambetta 18.37 m 1 Jessica Schilder NM Fanny Roos NM +Women's Discus Throw Place Athlete Country Mark Points Jorinde van Klinken 66.77 m 8 Valarie Allman 66.18 m 7 Sandra Perković 65.26 m 6 4 Claudine Vita 62.96 m 5 5 Kristin Pudenz 62.82 m 4 6 Liliana Cá 61.47 m 3 7 Shanice Craft 60.73 m 2 8 Mélina Robert-Michon 60.64 m 1===Promotional Events===+Men's Hammer Throw Place Athlete Country Mark Wojciech Nowicki 81.92 m Rudy Winkler 79.42 m Ethan Katzberg 77.93 m 4 Eivind Henriksen 76.52 m 5 Paweł Fajdek 76.50 m 6 Bence Halász 75.26 m 7 74.76 m+Women's Place Athlete Country Time Carys McAulayAma PipiLina NielsenNicole Kendall 3:28.38 Josefine Tomine EriksenHenriette JægerLine Kloster 3:29.48 3:29.65 4 Laura BuenoLaura Bou 3:29.90 5 Andrea BoumaZoë Sedney 3:30.53 6 Andrea RoothElisabeth IngvaldsenSigrid Kongssund Amlie 3:37.29 7 Anna Øbakke LangeAnne Sofie Kirkegaard 3:38.41" ], [ "See also", "* 2023 Diamond League" ], [ "References", "; Results" ], [ "External links", " Official Diamond League Bislett Games website" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Charles Tiu" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Charles Alandy-Dy Tiu''' (born July 15, 1985) is a TV presenter and collegiate basketball player who currently serves as head coach of Benilde Blazers, and Strong Group Athletics.", "He was the brother of Chris Tiu." ], [ "Coaching career", "His basketball career started at 2009 still in college, when Rajko Toroman, the Smart Gilas coach hired him as an assistant.", "After Smart Gilas, he was hired by Powerade Tigers as an assistant coach to Bo Perasol.", "In 2013, he reunited with Toroman in Barako Bull Energy, again as his assistant coach.He reunited with Perasol (appointed as consultant) in Mighty Sports, where he was hired as an assistant coach.", "He later served as team's head coach.", "He also worked on coaching jobs such as head coach of Nueva Ecija Rice Vanguards in MPBL, and assistant coach of both Benilde Blazers and Meralco Bolts.He was hired by the Blazers as their head coach, replacing TY Tang.", "He led the Blazers to a finals appearance after 20 years.", "He was also concurrently coach of Strong Group Atlethics." ], [ "TV career", "Tiu worked formerly as night telecast host of SportsDesk on CNN Philippines." ], [ "Personal life", "Tiu is one of five children of Jerry and Lianne Tiu.", "He has two brothers, Christian and Christopher \"Chris\", and two sisters, Cheryl and Cristine.Tiu married Sari Lazaro in 2020." ], [ "Coaching record", "=== Collegiate ===SeasonWLPCTFinishPGPWPLPPCTResultsBenilde Blazers (NCAA)2021'''–'''2254.5564th211.500Stepladder Semifinals2022144.7781st422.500Runner-Up2023117.6114th101.000Final FourTotals3015.667734.4280 championship" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "志明與春嬌" ], [ "Introduction", "'''志明與春嬌''', placeholder names in Chinese, may refer to:* ''Chih Ming & Chun Chiao'', 2016 Taiwanese web series starring Hsueh Shih-ling* ''Love in a Puff'' (film), 2010 Hong Kong romantic comedy film* “Peter and Mary”, 1999 Taiwanese track by Mayday in the album ''Mayday's First Album''" ], [ "See also", "* Love in a Puff (disambiguation)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "The Boiling Crab" ], [ "Introduction", "'''The Boiling Crab''' is an American restaurant chain serving food from Cajun cuisine.", "Founded in 2004, the chain has 30 restaurants, mainly centering them in the Southwestern United States, although it has some international locations and others outside of the area." ], [ "History", "The Boiling Crab was founded by Sinh Nguyen and Dada Ngo, a Vietnamese husband-and-wife couple.", "Nguyen's family mainly worked as crabbers or fishermen in the small Texan town of Seadrift.", "They opened the chain's first restaurant in 2004 in Garden Grove's Little Saigon.", "Its popularity has caused many other, similar Cajun restaurants to appear in Southern California.", "It opened its first intercontinental location in the Kakaʻako district of Honolulu, Hawaii in 2016.The first international restaurant was opened in May 2020 in Shanghai.", "Locations in Australia started operation in early 2021.2021 was also when a Boiling Crab in Washington, D.C. opened, in July of that year.", "Meanwhile, a Harvard Square location in Cambridge, Massachusetts began business in early 2022." ], [ "Menu", "The chain offers ten different seafood options to choose from: blue crab, dungeness crab, lobster, shrimp, crayfish, oysters, clams, mussels, and the legs of a snow crab or red king crab.", "Frozen crayfish are used when they are off-season.", "After a customer has selected their choice of meat, they can choose from four sauces: Rajun Cajun, Lemon Pepper, Garlic Butter, and their trademarked \"The Whole Sha-Bang!", "\", their signature sauce combining the former three into one.", "Finally, the consumer will then pick the level of spice that the seafood will have.", "Other menu items include gumbo, corn on the cob, andouille, potatoes, french fries, sweet potato fries, calamari, chicken tenders, and catfish.", "The Shanghai location has four more items than the American ones: the edible crab, Chinese mitten crab, whiteleg shrimp, and the New Zealand green-lipped mussel.Customers eat with their hands and are provided bibs to ensure food does not accidentally stain their clothes.", "The tables are covered in butcher paper." ], [ "Locations", "The majority of The Boiling Crab's thirty restaurants are located in California.", "Of these sixteen, twelve can be found in Southern California, while the other four are in the North, with two each in San Jose and Sacramento.", "The only other American state with more than one location is Texas, with restaurants in Dallas, Plano, and Austin.", "In the United States, the chain is also found in Nevada, Hawaii, Florida, Massachusetts, and Virginia, in the cities of Las Vegas, Honolulu, South Miami, Cambridge, and Richmond, respectively.", "There is also a restaurant in Washington, D.C.", "In addition to the ones in the U.S., The Boiling Crab also has five international locations.", "Three of those are in Australia, with two in Melbourne and one in Sydney.", "The others are in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia and Shanghai in China." ], [ "See also", "The Kickin' Crab" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Official website" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Alan Stoddard" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alan Stoddard''' (22 August 1915 – 1 November 2002) was a British osteopath and vegetarianism activist." ], [ "Biography", "Stoddard was born in Hale, Cheshire on August 22 1915.He was educated at the British School of Osteopathy and qualified in 1935.He set up his own practice at Herne Hill.", "He studied medicine at King's College London where he qualified MD in 1942 and joined the Royal Navy as a merchant ship doctor in Middlesbrough.Stoddard became a teacher at the British School of Osteopathy and one of several doctors in the United Kingdom with dual qualifications.", "He was an appointed consultant at Brook Green Hospital.", "He offered his patients a mixture of conventional and osteopathic treatment which was unusual at the time.", "He worked for the National Health Service for 30 years and in private practice at Harley Street.", "He authored his MD thesis on osteochondrosis of the spine but it was never submitted as he had lost it on a train.", "He authored two textbooks on osteopathy and his book ''The Back: Relief from Pain'' was translated into eight languages.", "He has been cited as playing a major role in the growth of osteopathy in the 20th century.Stoddard was chairman of the Osteopathic Medical Association.", "In 1969, Stoddard's book ''Manual Of Osteopathic Practice'' was criticized by D. A. H. Yates in ''The British Medical Journal'' for inaccuracies relating to physiology.", "H. A. Burt in a review for ''Rheumatology'' commented that \"one gets the impression that the author is trying too hard to justify the use of manipulative procedures, this is quite unnecessary in someone of his repute in this field\".Stoddard was known for pioneering an osteopathic manipulation technique for chronic lumbar disc prolapse under general anaesthesia.", "In 1973, Stoddard and James Cyriax were invited to speak about the use of spinal manipulation in rehabilitation for the British Orthopaedic Association." ], [ "Vegetarianism", "Stoddard was a lifelong vegetarian and was invited to travel to India by the Vegetarian Society in the 1950s.", "He attended the 18th World Vegetarian Congress in 1965 and was a speaker at the 25th World Vegetarian Congress in 1979.Stoddard was President of Croydon Vegetarian Society which merged with Caterham District Vegetarian Society in 1958 to become East Surrey Vegetarian Society.He was chairman of Plantmilk Ltd, a society that was founded to produce plant milk alternatives to dairy.", "In the 1960s, Plantmilk was made from a mixture of soy, cabbage leaves, cane sugar with fortified calcium, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D. The cabbage leaves were put into an apparatus known as a \"food tec\" with sharp blades to divide it into tiny pieces.", "Water would then be added and the chlorophyll would be separated from the protein by the use of charcoal.", "The fluid would then be heated to precipitate the protein and would be concentrated to form a \"curd\".", "A small amount of starch would be added from soy protein isolate and all the ingredients would be placed in a mixer and then de-aerated and finally homogenized.Plantmilk cost twice as much as cow's milk but lasted longer and was described as twice as strong.", "In 1966, Stoddard commented that \"the combination of leaf protein and soya protein contain the complete range of known amino-acids, and we are satisfied that Plantmilk alone would sustain healthy life from the protein point of view\"." ], [ "Selected publications", "''A Manual of Osteopathic Techniques'' (1959)''Manual of Osteopathic Practice'' (1969)''The Back: Relief from Pain'' (1979) ''An Osteopathic Approach to Manipulation'' (1990)" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Imine reductase" ], [ "Introduction", "An '''imine reductase''' (IRED) is an enzyme that reduces imines to amines.", "This family of enzymes is employed in the industrial production of amine-containing pharmaceuticals.", "The IRED enzymes that are found to catalyze both imine formation and imine reduction are called '''reductive aminases''' (RedAms)." ], [ "Function", "=== Imine reduction ===Originally discovered in 2010 by screening bacterial strains for reducing activity on 2-methyl-1-pyrroline (2-MPN).", "Based on each member's ability to reduce 2-MPN to (''R'')- or (''S'')-2-methylpyrrolidine they are designated as ''R''-selective or ''S''-selective, respectively.=== Reductive amination ===IREDs have been employed to reduce imines formed from ketone-amine mixtures.", "The conversion is not a genuine reductive amination as only the second half of the two-part reaction is catalyzed.", "In 2017 an IRED was discovered that catalyzed both steps of reductive amination of a wide scope of ketone-amine pairs.", "These are dubbed reductive aminases (RedAms).", "Engineered RedAms have been employed in industrial processes to support production of pharmaceuticals for clinical trials and commercial manufacturing." ], [ "Structure", "IREDs are dimeric enzymes with each protomer having an N-terminal Rossmann nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain joined by a long interdomain α-helix.", "Each protomer's α-helical dimerization domain wraps around the interdomain helix of its dimer partner forming the substrate-binding cleft above the NAD(P)H cofactor binding site in the Rossmann domain.", "3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases have similar N-terminal nucleotide-binding and C-terminal dimerization domains, but do not share the extensive dimerization interface of IREDs." ], [ "See also", "* 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase* Pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase* Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "1979 Western Carolina Catamounts football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1979 Western Carolina Catamounts team''' was an American football team that represented Western Carolina University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season.", "In their 11th year under head coach Bob Waters, the team compiled an overall record of 6–5, with a mark of 2–4 in conference play, and finished in seventh place in the SoCon." ], [ "Schedule" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Eli Carlos" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Eli Carlos Alberto Pereira''' (19 April 1954 – 22 May 2020), better known as '''Eli Carlos''', was a Brazilian professional footballer and manager who played as a forward." ], [ "Career", "Eli began his career playing for Guarani FC de Campinas, the team with which he created the greatest identification in his career.", "He also played for Comercial in his hometown, Ribeirão Preto.With Coritiba, he was state champion in 1975 and 1976, in addition to making 132 appearances and 54 goals for the club in two spells.", "At Cruzeiro, he became Eli Carlos due to the presence of another player called Eli (Eli Mendes).", "He won the 1977 Minas Gerais championship, being the competition's top scorer.", "He was loaned to Flamengo in 1978, and was part of the state champion squad.He ended his career playing for teams in the countryside of São Paulo." ], [ "Managerial career", "Eli Carlos had some jobs as a coach, especially at Guarani and Bragantino, and also served as football director at Guarani, Paulista de Jundiaí and Primavera.", "He was also a sports commentator." ], [ "Personal life", "Eli Carlos is the elder brother of the also footballers Paulo Silas and Paulo Pereira." ], [ "Honours", ";CoritibaCampeonato Paranaense: 1975, 1976;CruzeiroCampeonato Mineiro: 1977;FlamengoCampeonato Carioca: 1978;Individual1977 Campeonato Mineiro top scorer: 17 goals" ], [ "Death", "Eli Carlos died on 22 May 2020, after two years in a coma, as a result of an unsuccessful endoscopy." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Eli Carlos at ogol.com.br" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Kamal Hadden" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Kamal Hadden''' (born January 17, 2001) is an American football cornerback.", "He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers." ], [ "Early years and college career", "Hadden attended River Rouge High School in River Rouge, Michigan.Hadden attended Independence Community College out of high school.", "In his first year in 2019, he had 21 tackles and one interception.", "He did not play in 2020 due to Independence not having games that season because of the Covid-19 Pandemic.Hadden originally transferred to Auburn University in December 2020, but re-entered the transfer portal and transferred to the University of Tennessee in June 2021.In his first year at Tennessee, he played in seven games with two starts and had 17 tackles and one interception.", "Hadden started six of nine games in 2022, recording 51 tackles and two interceptions.", "As a senior in 2023, he started the first seven games of the season before suffering a season-ending shoulder injury.", "He finished with 19 tackles, three interceptions and a touchdown.", "Hadden declared for the 2024 NFL Draft after the season." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Tennessee Volunteers bio* Independence Pirates bio" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Claude Sahut" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Claude Sahut''' (Montpellier; — ) was a French architect.", "Many of his works took place in the Peruvian city of Lima, including state-owned buildings, such as the Government Palace." ], [ "Biography", "Sahut studied at the ''École des Beaux-Arts'' in Paris, where he specialised in ornamentation and decoration within architecture.He arrived in Peru in 1905, working as a furniture designer for the ''Magot Frères'' factory.", "In 1907, he was commissioned by the Peruvian government commissioned him to head the Public Works section of the Charity of Lima.", "Under the government of Augusto B. Leguía, he was the architect in charge of the design of the ''Parque de la Reserva'' and the redesign of the Government Palace, which Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski completed in 1937.He returned to France in 1932." ], [ "Notable works", "Sahut was responsible for a number of buildings in Lima, including:Casa Oechsle (1912, façade demolished 1950s)Teatro Colón (1912)Market of Chincha Alta (1913) (1913)Bolivarian Museum (1930)Piura Prison (1919)Archbishop's Palace (c. 1924)New Women's Hospital (1912)" ], [ "See also", "*Ricardo de Jaxa Malachowski" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "List of courts in Scotland" ], [ "Introduction", "Flow chart of Scotland's court system Below is a '''list of courts in Scotland'''.", "Scottish courts operate within Scots law, Scotland's legal system, which is legislated for by the Scottish Government, the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and the Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service.", "Scotland's supreme criminal court is the High Court of Justiciary and the Court of Session is the supreme civil court." ], [ "Courts of Scotland", "The Supreme Courts of Scotland are housed at Parliament House, Edinburgh ===Supreme Courts of Scotland===* Supreme Courts of Scotland Court of Session High Court of Justiciary* Justiciary Building, Edinburgh* Justiciary Buildings, Glasgow* Aberdeen Sheriff Court Annex and High Court of Justiciary Office of the Accountant of Court** Auditor of the Court of Session===Sheriff Courts===Kilmarnock Sheriff Court, Kilmarnock Some Sheriff courts in Scotland also operate as a Justice of the Peace Court.", "Such courts, which serve as both a Sheriff and Justice of the Peace Court is noted below: ====A–F====* Aberdeen Civil Justice Centre and Commercial Courts* Aberdeen Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Airdrie Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court Annexe* Alloa Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Ayr Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Banff Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Campbeltown Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Dumbarton Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Dumfries Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Dundee Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Dunfermline Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Dunoon Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Edinburgh Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Elgin Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court ====F–O====* Falkirk Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Forfar Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Fort William Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Glasgow Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court * Greenock Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Hamilton Sheriff Court * Inverness Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Jedburgh Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Kilmarnock Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Kirkcaldy Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Kirkwall Sheriff Court* Lanark Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Lerwick Sheriff Court* Livingston Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Lochmaddy Sheriff Court ====O–Z====* Oban Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Paisley Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Perth Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Peterhead Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Portree Sheriff Court* Selkirk Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Stirling Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Sheriff Appeal Court * Stornoway Sheriff Court* Stranraer Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Tain Sheriff Court and Justice of the Peace Court* Wick Sheriff Court===Justice of the Peace courts===Separate Justice of the peace courts, not part of a Sheriff Court, are noted below: * Hamilton Justice of the Peace Court* Lochgilphead Justice of the Peace Court===Specialist courts===* Court of the Lord Lyon* Scottish Land Court* Lands Tribunal for Scotland * Children's hearing" ], [ "Historical courts", "* Admiralty court* District court* Court of Exchequer* High Court of Constabulary" ], [ "See also", "* Scots law* List of Scottish legal cases* Law of the United Kingdom" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Patricia W. Finn" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Patricia W. Finn''' is an American pulmonologist and academic administrator specialized in the microbiome and immune-mediated pulmonary diseases.", "She has served as the fifth dean of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine since 2022." ], [ "Life", "Finn was raised by Irish immigrants parents in Alphabet City, Manhattan.", "She was a first-generation college student and the first in her family to become a physician.", "She earned an undergraduate degree in 1976.Finn completed a M.D.", "in 1980 at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine followed by a residency at the Montefiore Medical Center.", "She conducted a pulmonary medicine fellowship at the Massachusetts General Hospital and a postdoc in immunology at the Harvard School of Public Health.", "Finn is a clinical pulmonologist who researches the microbiome and immune-mediated pulmonary diseases.", "She worked as an educator and investigator at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.", "Finn was the Kenneth M. Moser professor of medicine and director of the division of pulmonary and critical care medicine at the University of California, San Diego.", "She was inducted in to the Association of American Physicians in 2007.In 2012, Finn moved to Chicago to head the department of medicine at the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System.", "She was the Earl M. Bane endowed professor at the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "She was also its associate dean for strategic initiatives and the associate program director of the medical scientist training program.", "Finn was president of the American Thoracic Society from 2013 to 2014 and of the Association of Professors of Medicine.", "On September 1, 2022, she became the fifth dean of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine.", "She succeeded interim dean Michael Richards.", "She is its first female dean.", "The same year, Finn was inducted into the American Clinical and Climatological Association.Finn is married to physician-scientist David L. Perkins." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Huanggang Creek" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Huanggang Creek'''（Chinese：磺港溪） is located in northern Taiwan, belonging to the Danshui River system and serving as a tributary of the Keelung River.With a length of approximately 10 kilometers and a watershed area of about 11.6 square kilometers, it is situated in the Beitou District of Taipei City.", "Its source is located around the western peak and southern peak of Mt.", "Datun.", "After the convergence of various tributaries, the creek flows through the prominent area of Beitou and then southward to join the Keelung River at the Zhongbaixian confluence.One of the tributaries of Huanggang Creek, the Beitou Creek, flows through the geothermal valley, making it a well-known scenic spot." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Sesler family murders" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Sesler family murders''' took place on March 20, 2012, when Trey Eric Sesler, a 22-year-old YouTuber, shot and killed his two parents and older brother in Waller, Texas.", "He had planned to perpetrate a school shooting at Waller High School after murdering his family.", "Police were called to the family home at 1 p.m. the same day and found the bodies of his mother Rhonda Sesler, his father Lawton Sesler and his brother Mark Sesler.", "Investigators say that Sesler was heavily inspired by the Columbine High School massacre." ], [ "Shooting and arrest", "On Monday, March 19, 2012, someone reported gunshots coming from the family home; however, nothing was discovered by police when they arrived.At some point before 1 p.m. the following day, Trey Sesler lured his mother Rhonda Sesler to the garage and shot her at point blank range with a shotgun four times.", "His father is believed to have been asleep at this time.", "He then walked back inside the home and shot his brother.", "At this point his father was awoken by the gunshots and was shot.", "After the shootings, Sesler wrote things such as: \"I love my mom, dad and brother\" and \"God forgive me because I cannot forgive myself.\"", "all over the family home.", "Waller police chief, Phil Rehak, described the crime scene as a \"war zone\".Sesler loaded his 2010 black Ford Mustang with a Hi-Point model 995 carbine rifle and over 100 rounds of ammunition.", "He drove to Waller High School, where Sesler graduated, and sat in the parking lot before driving to a friends home.", "Police received a call from family members asking for a welfare check, as they hadn't heard from anyone in the house.", "Police went to the home at 1 p.m. and the bodies of Trey's family were discovered and an arrest warrant was issued for him.", "Sesler was arrested at a friends house in Magnolia, Texas at 9:30 p.m. the same day.After the shooting, Sesler told investigators that he killed his family as he didn't want them to be ashamed of him perpetrating the school shooting, but backed out as it all became \"too real\".", "He was placed on suicide watch within days of his arrest.===Aftermath===After the shooting, Sesler contacted extended family members and apologised for his actions.", "His cousin, Dr. Robin Warner, said the family did not know about his online activities.", "Waller residents were deeply disturbed by the case." ], [ "Victims", "The three people murdered consisted of his mother, father and older brother:* Rhonda Wyse Sesler, 57, mother of Trey Sesler, first to be killed* Mark Alan Sesler, 26, older brother of Trey Sesler, second to be killed* Lawton Ray Sesler Jr, 58, father of Trey Sesler, last to be killedRhonda and Lawton were married for 34 years prior to the shooting.", "Rhonda worked at ''The Waller Times'' and Lawton was a teacher at Robinson Elementary School." ], [ "Perpetrator", "'''Trey Eric Sesler''' (born 3 August 1989) is a former YouTuber who went by the alias \"Mr. Anime\".", "Sesler told investigators that he heavily studied mass murderers and serial killers and had a desire of perpetrating a school shooting at Waller High School.Sesler admitted to investigators that he committed other crimes prior to the shooting, including killing animals and shooting near schools in the middle of the night.", "He had no criminal record prior to the shooting.", "Investigators called Sesler \"a classic example of a killer who starts with small crimes and builds up to the unthinkable.", "\"===YouTube channel===On September 14, 2006, Trey Sesler created the channel \"Mr. Anime\" and another called \"LensCapProductions\".", "Sesler's first few years on YouTube consisted of anime series reviews on his Mr. Anime channel and skits on his LensCapProductions channel.", "On December 27, 2011, Sesler posted a video telling his fans that he had been diagnosed with pneumothorax.", "Sesler would regularly show weapons in his now deleted YouTube videos.", "One month before the shooting, Sesler posted a video titled \"Mr. Anime is planning something\".", "In the video, he said he would be taking a \"two or three-week break\".", "He never disclosed what he was planning, however, investigators believe he was hinting towards the shooting.===Murder obsession===According to authorities, Sesler was heavily inspired by mass murder events such as the Columbine High School massacre and the Virginia Tech shooting, and had researched both events extensively.", "Investigators found a list that Sesler had created on his computer which studied and graded at least eight serial killers." ], [ "Sentencing", "Sesler was arrested and charged with three counts of capital murder shortly after the family shooting.", "On August 2, 2012, Trey Sesler plead guilty to all charges and was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.", "The Waller police chief described the courtroom as \"somber\" and didn't hear Sesler speak during sentencing.Many residents of Waller suspected Sesler would receive the death penalty and were disappointed in the sentence handed down.As of 2024, Sesler is serving his sentence in the Terrell Unit in unincorporated Brazoria County, Texas.", "Previously, he was located in the McConnell Unit, located in unincorporated Bee County, Texas." ], [ "See also", "* Columbine effect* Broken Arrow murders* Familicide" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Night Sky (film)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Night Sky''''' is a 2022 American science fiction thriller film directed by Jacob Gentry, starring A. J. Bowen, Brea Grant and Scott Poythress." ], [ "Cast", "* A. J. Bowen as Oren* Brea Grant as Annie* Scott Poythress* Sandra Benton* Adam Voss" ], [ "Release", "The film premiered at FrightFest on 26 August 2022." ], [ "Reception", "David Gelmini of ''Dread Central'' rated the film 4.5 stars out of 5 and called it \"surprisingly moving and human\".Anton Bitel of ''SciFiNow'' rated the film 4 stars out of 5 and wrote that it is \"all at once road movie, close encounter and lost soul’s bumpy journey towards death.", "\"Film critic Kim Newman wrote that the film is a \"relationship movie between hard-hearted human and open-minded alien, in which both players learn a lot from the other and the experience of being on the road together – but also a meditation on the horrors crowding in on decent people in the contemporary world.\"" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* *" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "List of watermills in the Crown Dependencies" ], [ "Introduction", "This is a list of some of the surviving watermills and tide mills in the Crown Dependencies." ], [ "Bailiwick of Guernsey", "=== Alderney ===* Alderney Watermill, Alderney=== Guernsey ===* Les Niaux Mill, Saint Andrew" ], [ "Bailiwick of Jersey", "Le Moulin de Quétivel in St Peter: the only functional watermill remaining on Jersey* Moulin Nicolle, St Helier* Moulin de Quétivel, St Lawrence* Gigoulande Mill, St Mary* Moulin de Lecq, La Greve de Lecq, St Ouen* Gargate Mill, St Peter* Moulin de Quétivel, St Peter* Tesson Mill, St Peter* Paul Mill, St Saviour* Moulin de Bas, Trinity" ], [ "Isle of Man", "The Groudle Glen Water Wheel, \"Little Isabella\"* Cregg Mill, Ballasalla* Water-Driven Carousel, Ballasalla* Golden Meadow Mill, Castletown* Abbeylands Waterwheel, East Baldwin Onchan* Glen Wylin Mill, Kirk Michael* Little Isabella, Groudle Glen, Onchan* Lady Isabella Waterwheel, Laxey* Snaefell Wheel, Laxey" ], [ "See also", "* List of watermills in the United Kingdom* List of windmills in Guernsey* Windmills in Jersey* Windmills in the Isle of Man" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Chino Trinidad" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Manolo \"Chino\" Trinidad''' (born July 23, 1967) is a Filipino sports journalist and executive who formerly served as a play-by-play commentator in the PBA coverage by Vintage Television." ], [ "Career", "=== Sportscasting ===Trinidad started in Balitang Bayan Numero Uno's Sports Ngayon segment from 1991 to 1998 in DZRH.", "He started a sideline reporter from 1993 to 1995, on Vintage Television.", "He later worked as a play-by-play commentator not only on basketball games, but also on boxing games, like Blow-by-Blow.", "His notable play-by-blay game was the do-or-die upset of Barangay Ginebra against Mobiline Phone Pals in 1999 PBA All-Filipino Cup quarterfinals.", "He also worked as a sports reporter on GMA News.In 2007, he lastly served as a play-by-play in RPN 9's coverage of 2007 FIBA Asia Championship.=== Executive ===He also served as the commissioner of Philippine Basketball League since 2000, replacing Yeng Guiao, his notable color commentator partner in PBA coverages.", "He resigned in 2010.He is also a founding member of Samahang Basketball ng Pilipinas.", "He is one of the personalities who pushed for the rights of SBP as the Philippine basketball federation and fight against the failures of its predecessor, the Basketball Association of the Philippines.He was later a candidate in the positions like UAAP Basketball Commissioner in 2014, and Chairman of Games and Amusement Board (GAB).", "He was later appointed as Pilipinas VisMin Super Cup consultant.=== Others ===After resigning in GMA, Trinidad focused on his founded cable channel named Pilipinas HD.In 2014, he led \"Pagpupugay\", a tribute to Filipino sports heroes.", "That tribute got minor citation from the PSA Annual Awards in 2015.He criticized Chot Reyes and the SBP for mishandling the team in 2023 FIBA World Cup, and he nicknamed Reyes \"''Coach Voldemort''\"." ], [ "Appearances", "YearTitleRoleNetworkNotes1993–1995PBA on Vintage SportsCourtside reporterVintage Television (IBC)1995–1999Play-by-play2000–2002PBA on Viva TVPlay-by-playViva TV (IBC)2006–201924 OrasReporterGMASports segment: \"Time Out\"2007''Pinoy Meets World''HostSan Antonio, Texas and Cleveland, Ohio episode2007–2008''100% Pinoy!", "''2008''Pinoy Meets World''Boston, Massachusetts and Los Angeles, California episode2011–2012; 2017–2019Saksi sa Dobol BReporterDobol B TVSports segment: \"Sports Saksi\"" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "1979 East Tennessee State Buccaneers football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1979 East Tennessee State Buccaneers football team''' was an American football team that represented East Tennessee State University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season.", "Led by second-year head coach Jack Carlisle, the Buccaneers compiled and overall record of 7–4, with a mark of 2–3 in conference play, and finished sixth in the SoCon." ], [ "Schedule" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Restu Dwi Purnomo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Restu Dwi Purnomo''' (born March 19, 1992), is an Indonesian professional basketball player who plays for the Bima Perkasa Yogyakarta of the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL).", "He plays in the power forward position standing in ." ], [ "National team career", "Purnomo represented Indonesia's national basketball team at the 2016 SEABA Cup, alongside his teammate Barra Sugianto." ], [ "Controversy", "In the start of the 2022 IBL Season precisely on March 23, 2022, there were allegations to Purnomo, the allegations were racist remarks towards Bumi Borneo's import player, Austin Mofunanya, that event happened in the middle of the game.", "After that Purnomo uploaded an apology video to his social media account." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "John Maloof" ], [ "Introduction", "'''John Maloof''' is an American filmmaker, photographer and author, who was nominated for best documentary feature film at the 2015 Oscars together with Charlie Siskel for their movie ''Finding Vivian Maier''.", "He and Siskel were also nominated at the British Academy Film Awards in the category of Best Documentary.", "Maloof worked as a real estate agent in Chicago since 2005.He began to develop an interest in the city's history and became president of the local historical society.In 2007, while researching for his book Portage Park (co-authored with Daniel Pogorzelski), he accidentally discovered a box full of the work of photographer Vivian Maier, who shot a vast amount of street photography throughout the 1950s and 60s.", "Ever since he has been the main curator of Maiers work and has released multiple books on her." ], [ "Bibliography", "* ''Portage Park (Images of America)'' (with Daniel Pogorzelski) Arcadia Publishing, 2008, ISBN 978-0738552293.", "* ''Vivian Maier: Street Photographer'' powerHouse, Brooklyn, NY 2011, ISBN 978-1-57687-577-3.", "(Including a preface by Geoff Dyer)* ''Vivian Maier: Self-Portraits'' powerHouse, Brooklyn, NY 2013, ISBN 978-1-57687-662-6.", "* ''Vivian Maier: A Photographer Found'' (with Marvin Heiferman, Howard Greenberg) Harper Design, London 2014, ISBN 978-0-06230553-4.", "(Including a foreword by Laura Lippman)" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Leonid Cherneha" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Leonid Oleskiyovych Cherneha''' (Ukrainian: Леонід Олексійович Чернега; born on 8 February 1944), is a Ukrainian politician who had served as the 1st Mayor of Odesa from 1991 to 1994." ], [ "Biogrpahy", "Leonid Chernha was born on 8 February 1944.He began his working career at the Kislorodmash plant as a designer and shop manager.He graduated from the Odessa Institute of National Economy.He worked as 2nd secretary of the Ilyichevsky Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, chairman of the Ilyichevsky district executive committee of Odessa, deputy chairman of the Odessa City Executive Committee.On 24 March 1992, Chernha became the first mayor of Odesa.After losing the election for mayor of Odesa in 1994 to Eduard Hurvits, he became deputy president of the Mirmex concern." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Jalon Walker" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Jalon Nicholas Walker''' is an American football linebacker for the Georgia Bulldogs." ], [ "High school career", "Walker attended Salisbury High School in Salisbury, North Carolina.", "He was the 2021 North Carolina Gatorade Football Player of the Year after recording 79 tackles and eight sacks.", "A five-star recruit, Walker was selected to play in the 2022 Under Armour All-American Game.", "He committed to the University of Georgia to play college football." ], [ "College career", "Walker played in all 15 games his true freshman year at Georgia in 2022 and had nine tackles and one sack.", "As a sophomore in 2022, he again played in all 14 games and recorded 20 tackles and five sacks." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Georgia Bulldogs bio" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "John Garland James" ], [ "Introduction", "'''John Garland James''' (born December 1, 1844 Palmyra, Fluvanna County, Virginia) was a distinguished educator and a pivotal figure in the development of Texas higher education.", "He served as the 2nd president of Texas A&M College (Texas A&M University).", "He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1867.In 1865 while at VMI, he was the first initiate and a charter member of the Alpha Chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity." ], [ "Early Life", "James was born in Chatham, Fluvanna County, Virginia, on December 1, 1844, to Henry and Eliza Maria (Wills) James." ], [ "Education", "John Garland James, VMI 1866James graduated from the Virginia Military Institute with second honors on July 4, 1866.During his college career, he served in the Confederate Army, acting as a color guard and third corporal in the Battle of New Market and fighting in the intermediate lines during the evacuation of Richmond in 1865.===Alpha Tau Omega===James' ATO PinIn 1865, James was invited to join the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity by its three founders, Otis Alan Glazebrook, Alfred Marshall, and Erskine Mayo Ross.", "ATO was founded at VMI that year, and James was the first initiate of the nascent fraternity, making him a charter member of the Alpha chapter of ATO.", "Close inspection of his picture in his cadet uniform reveals that he is wearing his ATO pin on his chest.In 1929 he visited the Oklahoma chapter to witness an initiation.", "It was his first in-person interaction with the fraternity in over 6 decades.", "In describing the visit James said, ''\"The fraternity has always been so precious to me, but now I Iove it more than ever.\"''" ], [ "Kentucky Military Institute", "After graduating from VMI, James served as a professor at the Kentucky Military Institute between 1866 and 1867." ], [ "Texas Military Institute", "James and his entire family moved to Bastrop, Texas, in 1867, where James was president of the Texas Military Institute in 1868.He was the superintendent, business manager, and professor of philosophy and mathematics.", "His father, Henry James, and brothers, Charles Albert James and Fleming Wills James, assisted him along with his friend and fellow VMI alumnus Hardaway Hunt Dinwiddie.", "He later moved his school to Austin, conducting it there from 1870 through 1879.His brother, Charles, died of tuberculosis in 1875 at the age of 34.He contracted the disease in a northern prison camp during the Civil War and one of the reasons he came to Texas was for his health.After 1875, he was a member of the board of visitors of the United States Naval Academy." ], [ "Texas A&M University", "In November 1879, James was appointed as the 2nd president of Texas A&M University, a position he would hold until his resignation on April 1, 1883.He was joined in the move by his friend and fellow Virginia Military Institute alumnus and Alpha Tau Omega member, Hardaway Hunt Dinwiddie.", "James predecessor, Thomas S. Gathright, and his entire staff had been dismissed due to a scandalous rift between the faculty members.", "The board convened in Bryan in November of 1979 to conduct hearings with regard to the issues at the college.", "The proceedings are well documented in the Galveston Daily News.The scandal of the previous staff provided James' with considerable challenges.", "The enrollment had begun to fall, and by 1881 the number of cadets had fallen to 90 students.", "James focused on the Corps of Cadets, doing his utmost to ensure that they were well provided for and the improvement of the facilities.By Spring of 1882, the enrollment had surged to 250 and James had new problems... \"we A&M will be full to overflowing.\"", "However, this success was short lived.", "In November of 1882 through early 1883, a dozen cadets and a faculty member died of influenza, measles, dysentery and/or other related disorders.", "Rumors began to surface statewide that the deaths were due to the poor location of the college.", "The enrollment challenges of the college were further presses with the opening of the University of Texas in early 1883.In 1881, concerned with the conditions at the college, a special Texas legislative committee visited the campus, In their report, it was noted, \"''It should be remembered, that its the college's retrograde tendency is due, in great measure, to the serious misunderstanding with the faculty and not the cadets''.\"", "It implies that the primary reason for any negative changes or failures in the college's development during that time was due to issues or conflicts within the previous faculty.", "The committee further dispelled charges that the military training under the Morrill Act was given \"too much prominence,\" responding resoundingly that \"the military feature is of no disadvantage.\"", "The Corps and college were on the right track.During his tenure, James strongly advocated for the military training aspect of A&M's curriculum, aligning with his past as a VMI cadet, a Confederate soldier, and the Morrill Act's requirements for military education in land-grant colleges.", "The following is a quote from James regarding his beliefs about military training in an academic setting.", "''The military system of school government... tends to develop in the student a high sense of personal honor and moral responsibility, and to give him those habits of regularity, promptness, self-reliance, and respect for proper authority, which go far to make the good citizen and the successful man of business.", "It thus becomes a potent factor in the formation of true character.", "''In March 1883, James stepped down from the office of college president to join his brother Fleming in a banking venture in Colorado, Texas.", "He resigned due to frustration from the ongoing struggle to enhance the campus with limited resources and the political challenge of portraying the college positively in Austin and across state media.", "After leaving College Station, he continuied to support the college.", "He regularly communicated with state officials about the college's status and kept in touch with faculty and friends on campus." ], [ "Southern Student's Hand-Book of Selections for Reading and Oratory", "In the mid-1870s, James conceived the idea of a school reader and speaker consisting solely of works by Southern authors and orators.", "This led to the publication of \"The Southern Student's Hand-Book of Selections for Reading and Oratory\" by A. S. Barnes and Company in 1879, with a revised edition following less than a year later." ], [ "Banking, Mortgage & Real Estate", "On April 1, 1883, James left Texas A&M to join his brother Fleming in a banking venture in Colorado, Texas.", "He married Clara White (Brigham) Trowbridge, who had two daughters from a previous marriage, on February 6, 1883.By 1884, he was in Wichita Falls as president of the Panhandle National Bank.", "Around 1906, he began focusing on mortgages and real estate, living in Roff, Oklahoma, from 1900 to 1929." ], [ "Death", "James went to Dallas for medical attention in 1929 and died there on February 11, 1930, after an extended illness.", "He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery (Austin, Texas), two days later." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* John Garland James, Texas State Historical Association* VMI Historical Rosters, John Garland James" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Deirdre Cooper Owens" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Deirdre Cooper Owens''' is an American historian and reproductive rights activist known for her 2017 book ''Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology''.", "She is an associate professor at the University of Connecticut." ], [ "Biography", "Deirdre Cooper Owens was born to a National Archives and Records Administration employee father and a genealogist mother and raised in Anacostia, a neighborhood in southeastern Washington D.C.", "Descending from South Carolina Lowcountry Gullahs on both her parents' sides, she learned Gullah-language stories from her grandfather as a young child.Cooper Owens graduated from Bennett College, Clark Atlanta University, and University of California, Los Angeles, the latter where she obtained her PhD in history.", "She later joined the faculty of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, where she was Charles and Linda Wilson Professor in the History of Medicine and directed the Humanities In Medicine program.", "She also directed the Library Company of Philadelphia's program in African-American history.", "In 2023, she moved to the University of Connecticut's Department of History and the Africana Studies Institute and became an associate professor there.As an academic, Cooper Owens specializes in African-American history, particularly history of medicine.", "In 2017, she published ''Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology'', a book on the exploitation of Black women in 19th-century gynecology; she won the 2018 Darlene Clark Hine Award for said book.Cooper Owens is an advocate for reproductive justice, having worked with organizations in combating Black maternal mortality in the United States." ], [ "Bibliography", "*''Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology'' (2017)" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Herman Salomonson" ], [ "Introduction", "Commemorative stolperstein for Herman Salomonson in Den Haag, Laan Copes van Cattenburch 129'''Herman Salomonson''', also known as Melis Stoke, (born March 24, 1892 in Amsterdam; died October 7, 1942 in Mauthausen concentration camp) was a Dutch journalist, writer, and poet of Jewish heritage.", "In 1940 he was arrested by the German occupiers of the Netherlands and murdered in 1942." ], [ "Biography", "Herman Salomonson was born in 1892 as the son of Dinah Wertheim, daughter of an Amsterdam banker, and Maurits Salomonson, child of a Jewish merchant family.", "He grew up in a wealthy, liberal environment.", "He initially studied at the Technical University in Delft.", "After the outbreak of the First World War, he broke off his studies and moved to Belgium, from where he reported on the war events for an Amsterdam newspaper.In 1915, Salomonson returned to the Netherlands and became editor of the weekly newspaper De Groene Amsterdammer.", "He gained notoriety through humorous “rhyming chronicles” of daily news and wrote his first novel.", "He published often under the pseudonym Melis Stoke, referring to the 13th-century Dutch chronicler Melis Stoke, who also wrote in rhyme.", "In 1916/17 he completed his compulsory military service and was trained as a reserve officer.", "In 1922 he married Josine Annette Maas Geesteranus (1896–1992) also known as J.", "A. Maas Geesteranus or \"Annie\".", "The couple had two children: son Herman Arnold Nicolaas “Hans” (1922–1945) and daughter Nannette “Netje” (born 1925).From 1923 to 1927, he was editor-in-chief of the well-known daily newspaper Java-Bode in Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies.", "He brought the renowned but struggling newspaper back on the road to success.", "His experiences in the colony had a lasting influence on his work.", "Of the “Indian” novels that he published, ''Zoutwaterliefde'' (Salt Water Love, 1929) is best known.", "His magazine columns also often had an “Indian” focus.From 1927, Salomonson and his family lived in The Hague.", "He directed the local branch of the Dutch-Indian press office Aneta (Algemeen Nieuws-en Telegraaf-Agentschap).", "He converted to Christianity.Stolperstein for Salomonson's son Hans, also in front of the house at Laan Copes van Cattenburch 129 in The Hague" ], [ "Nazi era", "When the Netherlands mobilized on September 1, 1939, at the beginning of the Second World War, Salomonson was called up a “reserve captain for special services” in the Vrijwillig Landstormkorps Luchtafweerdienst (Voluntary Army Air Defense Corps).", "Before the German occupation in May 1940, he broadcast the news on the radio about German aircraft invading Dutch airspace.", "He also produced together with reserve officer L.C.", "Reedijk made a short documentary about Dutch air defense under his name; Melis Stoke wrote the script.", "In February 1940, the film, ''Luchtgevaar!", "'', published, the employees were the same.", "The film premiered at the Hotel Krasnapolsky and the two makers were honored by Prince Bernhard.Salomonson remained on the air until May 10, 1940, the day of the German occupation.", "In his history of the Netherlands during WWII ( Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog) Loe de Jong wrote that on May 15, 1940, the cultural attaché of the German embassy Heinrich Hushahn, refused access to Salomonson to the building of the Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP).", "Hushahn had previously personally fired all Jewish employees of the ANP.", "Herman Salomonson subsequently illegally distributed poems he had written .On October 26, 1940, the Gestapo seized Herman Salomonson from his apartment at Laan Copes van Cattenburch 129 in The Hague.", "His work for the Dutch air defense was viewed as “anti-German,” and he was considered a Jew by the Germans despite his conversion.", "During his imprisonment as a “protective prisoner” in the Oranjehotel in Scheveningen, he was violently brutalized.", "He wrote poems for his fellow prisoners, which were published in 1946 under the title Recruit School.", "After the war, survivors testified to “his astonishing selflessness.” Salomonson believed in the “power of love to conquer evil.” On April 12, 1942, he was deported from the Amersfoort transit camp to Buchenwald, then to the Nazi concentration camp of Mauthausen, in Austria, where he was murdered on October 7, 1942.The death notice reads “shot while trying to escape“.For Herman Salomonson and his son Hans - a resistance fighter who was murdered in the Fuhlsbüttel concentration camp in January 1945 - commemorative stumbling blocks were laid on March 9, 2019 in front of their former home in The Hague, 129 Laan Copes van Cattenburch.", "Hans Salomonson's grave is located on the Dutch Ehrenfeld Hamburg.", "Herman Salomonson's wife Annie and daughter survived the war.", "Nannette Salomonson married the Dutch painter Edgar Fernhout (1912–1974) in 1947." ], [ "Art collection", "His wife Annie (J.", "A. Maas Geesteranus) owned the painting by Vincent van Gogh, The Old Tower, currently in the Emil Bührle Collection." ], [ "Selected works", "* ''De collage van Ferdinand Volnay'' (1916)* ''Van aardappelmes tot officiersdegen.", "Uit het dagboek van een landstormplichtige'' (1917).", "* ''Bomston'' (1920).", "* ''Een man van geld.", "Avonturen-roman van eenvoudige lui'' (1930).", "* ''Er waren eens twee koningskinderen.", "Een vroolijke filmfantasie'' (1932).", "* ''De Reis zonder einde'' (1937).", "* ''Hoogwaardigen.", "De geschiedenis eener ideale echtverbintenis'' (1937).", "* ''Rieman en Co.'' (1938).", "* ''De man die het Britsch Museum cadeau kreeg.", "Een fantastische roman'' (1939, Science-Fiction, die im Jahr 2000 spielt).", "* ''Recrutenschool en andere gevangenisverzen van Herman Salomonson'' (Melis Stoke).", "* Melis Stoke (Pseudonym von Herman Salomonson): ''Zoutwaterliefde.", "Kroniek van een reis per mailboot'' (2006).", "Nachdruck mit ausführlicher Biographie." ], [ "Literature", "* Gerard Termorshuizen: Een humaan koloniaal.", "Leven en werk van Herman Salomonson alias Melis Stoke.", "Nijgh & Van Ditmar, 2015, (niederländisch)." ], [ "Weblinks", "* * *" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Vastinho" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Vasto Carmo Mancini''' (3 March 1934 – 17 September 2018), better known as '''Vastinho''', was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a defender." ], [ "Career", "A defender, Vastinho was part of what is considered the best team in the history of Comercial FC, alongside players such as Candão, Parracho and Paulo Bin.", "He was champion of the second professional division (currently Série A2) against EC Corinthians from Presidente Prudente." ], [ "Personal life", "Vastinho is father os the also footballer Vagner Mancini, and grandfather of Matheus Mancini." ], [ "Honours", ";Comercial*Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 1958" ], [ "Death", "Vasinho died in his hometown of Ribeirão Preto, 17 September 2018, at the age of 84, following a urinary infection." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Huỳnh Văn Ảnh" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Huỳnh Văn Ảnh''' (born 1960) is a Vietnamese former football manager and footballer." ], [ "Early life", "He is a native of Binh Dinh, Vietnam." ], [ "Career", "He managed Vietnamese side HAGL, helping the club achieve promotion." ], [ "Personal life", "He has been married." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Song Creek" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Song Creek''' (）is a creek located in northern Taiwan, belonging to the Danshui River system and serving as a tributary of the Huang Creek.", "The river has a length of 2.93 kilometers and a watershed area of 4.5 square kilometers, situated at the border of Shilin District and Beitou District in Taipei City.", "Its source is on the southern side of Qixing Mountain, at an elevation of approximately 1,100 meters, near the Zhongshan Building in Yangmingshan.", "It flows southwest through the area between Shamao Mountain and Huakang, continuing through Banling and eventually joining the Huang Creek near Houdong." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "List of Tuvalu MPs, 2019–2024" ], [ "Introduction", "This is a '''list of the members of the Parliament of Tuvalu''' or ''Palamene o Tuvalu'' as elected at the 2019 Tuvaluan general election.There are no formal parties in Tuvalu.", "The political system is based on personal alliances and loyalties derived from clan and family connections.", "The Parliament of Tuvalu is rare among national legislatures in that it is non-partisan in nature.", "It does tend to have both a distinct government and a distinct opposition.Members elected for the first time at the 2019 general election are noted with * Name National party Constituency # of votes # Notes Isaia Vaipuna Taape Independent Vaitupu 494 Nielu Meisake * Independent Vaitupu 642 Monise Lafai Independent Nanumaga 366 Minute Alapati Taupo * Independent Nanumaga 361 Died 23 May 2022 Simon Kofe Independent Funafuti 374 Kausea Natano Independent Funafuti 355 Katepu Laoi * Independent Niutao 328 Died in April 2022.Samuelu Teo Independent Niutao 235 Fatoga Talama * Independent Nukufetau 323 Enele Sopoaga Independent Nukufetau 491 Namoliki Sualiki Independent Nukulaelae 182 Seve Paeniu * Independent Nukulaelae 199 Mackenzie Kiritome Independent Nui 249 Puakena Boreham Independent Nui 274 Ampelosa Manoa Tehulu * Independent Nanumea 603 Timi Melei * Independent Nanumea 327" ], [ "By-elections", "Saaga Talu Teafa was elected in June 2022 to represent Niutao following the death of Katepu Laoi in April 2022.Following the death of Minute Alapati Taupo on 23 May 2022, the Reverend Dr Kitiona Tausi was elected to represent Nanumaga in the by-election held on 15 July 2022.Tausi, who had been the chairman of the Tuvalu Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors, received 240 votes, beating Hamoa Holona who received 199 votes, and Alapati Rick Minute Taupo who received 179 votes.Panapasi Nelesone was elected to represent Nukufetau in June 2023 to replace Fatoga Talama." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Tiébanda skirmish" ], [ "Introduction", "On October 28, 2015, a battle broke out in Tiébanda, Mali, between Katiba Macina militants and Malian forces." ], [ "Prelude", "On October 27, 2015, Malian forces began an anti-jihadist operation dubbed '''Operation Seno''', and launched patrols around the cercles of Mopti, Koro, and Bandiagara in Mali's Dogon country.", "Operation Seno was the largest Malian operation against jihadists since the start of Operation Serval in 2013.Around the start of the operation, twelve jihadists suspected to be part of Katiba Macina, an Ansar Dine affiliate in Mopti Region, were arrested and taken to Bamako.", "Afterwards, Malian forces conducted operations in Bankass, Koro, Douentza, and Tominian." ], [ "Skirmish", "Fighting broke out in Tiébanda, near the village of Tassilima and about thirty kilometers from the Burkinabe border, on October 28.The Malian army attacked a Katiba Macina hideout in the bush, with the intel of the location having been provided by two people who were forcibly recruited by the jihadists and later escaped.", "The clashes lasted for six hours." ], [ "Aftermath", "According to a Malian ministry of defense official and a Mopti regional official interviewed anonymously by AFP, seven jihadists were killed in the skirmish and ten were injured.", "Weapons and equipment were seized as well, and the Malian forces did not suffer any casualties.", "The Malian ministry of defense released a statement on October 30 announcing the deaths of five militants." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "星願" ], [ "Introduction", "'''星願''', literally ‘Wish Upon a star’, may refer to:* ''Fly Me to Polaris'', 1999 Hong Kong romantic fantasy film * ''I Will'', studio album by Chinese singer Zhang Liyin* ''Wish Upon a Star'', 2004 Taiwanese television series starring Joseph Chang" ], [ "See also", "* Hoshi ni Negai o (disambiguation)* When You Wish Upon a Star (disambiguation)* Wish Upon a Star (disambiguation)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Swedish gymnastics at the 1948 Summer Olympics" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Swedish (Ling) gymnastics''' was featured in the Summer Olympic Games demonstration programme in 1948.The discipline was created by Pehr Henrik Ling in the 19th century, and involved free-standing movements in formation.Two demonstrations were given by the Svenska Gymnastikforbundet, with 200 male and 200 female gymnasts.", "No medals were awarded." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Otaru Aquarium" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Otaru Aquarium''' (おたる水族館, Otaru-suizokukan) is a '''public aquarium''' operated by Otaru Public Aquarium Corporation, Third Sector, in Otaru City, Hokkaido." ], [ "History", "Marine mammal parkBuilt in July 1958 as a \"marine venue\" for the Hokkaido Grand Exposition, the aquarium began operations in 1959 as the Otaru Municipal Aquarium, and with the completion of the new building (now the main building) in 1974, it was managed by the Otaru Aquarium Public Corporation, a third-sector corporation.The aquarium consists of the main building, which exhibits a wide variety of fish and shellfish, the Dolphin Stadium, which features dolphin and sea lion shows, the Marine Park, where seals, walruses, sea lions, penguins, and other animals are kept, and the amusement park, Otaru Shukuzu Marine Land.", "The marine animal park is located in a natural cove, where seabirds also fly in.", "Wild sea lions and largha seals sometimes stray into the park from the coast and are kept there.The aquarium is usually open from spring break in March (previously April) to November, but has been open in winter since 2006 in conjunction with the Otaru Snow Light Path and the Sapporo Snow Festival.", "1958 - Completed as the \"Aquarium\" at the Shukutsu site of the Otaru site of the Hokkaido Grand Exposition Sea.", "1959 - Inaugurated as the Otaru Municipal Aquarium.", "1973 - Construction of a new aquarium begins on higher ground approximately 200 meters from the original.1974.", "July 12 - Closing of the original Otaru Municipal Aquarium.", "July 14, 1974 - The current aquarium opens.", "The aquarium is expanded to four times its original size, with 45 tanks on three floors above ground and one basement floor, and its management is transferred to the public corporation.", "1981 - The sea lion pool is completed.", "1983 - Dolphin Stadium is completed.", "1992 - Completion of the Walrus Pavilion.", "2011 - The park will be open all year round.", "2023 - The management of AOAO SAPPORO, an urban public aquarium in Sapporo, is commissioned." ], [ "Research and conservation", "The one-armed sea turtle is named TaroThe Otaru Aquarium has been actively conducting research activities and has produced research results in the cases of Harbour porpoise and Bearded seal births and artificial nursing.Jirokichi, a male Harbour porpoise that survived until 2008, holds the record for the world's longest breeding record at 24 years.", "Jirokichi was protected in 1984 when he was caught in a fixed net off the coast of Sutsu Town in the Goshi region.", "According to Makoto Oda, the director of the aquarium at the time, she was a juvenile dolphin with no teeth at the time of her protection She lived at the aquarium until March 25, 2008, although she had lost most of her sight due to her advanced age.", "She was about 165 cm long and estimated to be 24 years old.In 2007, a green turtle without a right front fin was protected on the beach in Hatsuyamabetsu Village and has been kept in captivity to this day." ], [ "Gallery", "File:SAKURAKO - OTARU Aquarium.", "(4887829733).jpgFile:Spotted Seal Baby Otaru.jpgFile:Bearded Seal Otaru.jpgFile:Otaru aquarium／小樽水族館・アシカのダイブ - panoramio.jpg" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Official Site(Japanese)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Compositions for brass septet by Jean Sibelius" ], [ "Introduction", "Early in his career from 1889 to 1899, the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius wrote six pieces for brass septet, chronologically as follows: the '''Overture''' in F minor, JS 146 (1889); the '''''Allegro''''' in G minor, JS 25 (1889); the '''''Andantino''''' and '''Menuetto''', JS 45 (1890); the '''Preludium''' (in Swedish: ''''''), JS 83 (1891); and '''''Tiera''''', JS 200 (1899).", "Although Sibelius's pieces for brass septet have been recorded several times, they are relatively unknown." ], [ "Instrumentation", "All six pieces are scored for (in Swedish: ), a \"specifically Finnish\" kind of brass septet that originated in 1870 when the Finnish composer, music arranger, and military band leader founded the first within the Guards' Band, the premiere ensemble of the Finnish Defense Forces (then in service to the Russian tsar, Alexander II).", "The standard consists of the following instruments:* 1 soprano cornet (in E), 1 alto horn (in E), and 1 tuba (in E)* 1 euphonium (in B)* 2 cornets (in B) and 1 tenor horn (in B)At the time, it was typical to place the euphonium in the center, with the E instruments grouped to one side and the B instruments grouped to the other.", "A can also include percussion .", "Indeed, both the ''Allegro'' and the Preludium include parts for triangle, while ''Tiera'' calls for bass drum and cymbals." ], [ "History", "===Composition===On 29 May 1889, Sibelius graduated from the Helsinki Music Institute, the star pupil of the institute's director, Martin Wegelius.", "That summer, the Sibelius family vacationed for the second straight year at the seaside resort town of Loviisa, staying in the home of his paternal grandmother and aunt.", "Breaking with his habit from the previous three summers, Sibelius at this point did not produce a new piano trio; rather, he wrote a flurry of new works, including his first composition for : the Overture in F minor.", "This piece Sibelius probably composed for his friend, the German-born horn player and band leader Christian Haupt, who in 1888 had become the kapellmeister in Loviisa.", "In this role, his duties included conducting the septet attached to the local volunteer fire brigade.", "No evidence, however, has been found indicating that the Overture was performed in Sibelius's lifetime.The Loviisa directed by Christian Haupt (seated at table), for whom Sibelius composed most of his septet piecesWith arrival of fall, Sibelius set out in September 1889 for Berlin, where he would continue his music studies (now as a post-graduate) under the German composer Albert Becker.", "Nevertheless, Sibelius found time to compose more personal works on the side, one of which was his second piece for : the ''Allegro'' in G minor.", "This piece Sibelius wrote for a competition held by the (in Finnish: ), which in December 1888 had run an advertisement in the music magazine promoting a contest for new compositions; the primary requirement was that the entry be a \"fantasy\" (rather than an arrangement) of a Finnish folk song.", "Sibelius's ''Allegro'', which he submitted under the pseudonymous initialism 'n–l–s' (for made use of two songs: and .", "However, the ''Allegro'' failed to win the prize of 500 Finnish markka, perhaps because the three judges—the organist, composer, and professor ; the conductor Ernst Schnéevoigt; and Leander—concluded it was \"far too difficult and therefore impractical for amateur bandsmen\".Sibelius wrote the ''Andantino'' and Menuetto, his third and fourth compositions for , while staying in Loviisa during the summer of 1890; as with the Overture from the previous year, the new pieces were intended for Haupt's septet.", "This was a period of transition for the young composer, as two momentous decisions soon followed: in September, he and Aino Järnefelt secretly engaged; moreover, he selected Vienna for his second year of post-graduate study (where he eventually apprenticed under the Hungarian composer Karl Goldmark and the Austrian composer Robert Fuchs).", "At this time, Sibelius turned seriously to the task of orchestral composition, and his production of chamber music decreased dramatically.", "One of the few new chamber pieces to defy this general metamorphosis of artistic expression, however, was a fifth composition for , the Preludium, which he composed in Loviisa during the summer of 1891, again for Haupt's band.Sibelius's final piece for is the \"tone picture\" ''Tiera'', which arrived in eight years later in 1899.", "(A minor character in the Finland's national epic, the ''Kalevala'', Tiera is a comrade of the amorous, swashbuckling hero Lemminkäinen.)", "The Finnish musicologist Kari Kilpeläinen has speculated that Sibelius may originally may intended ''Tiera'' as part of the ''Music for the Press Celebrations Days'' (JS 137, 1899), the occasional score from which the composer subsequently excerpted ''Finlandia'' and the ''Scènes historiques I''.", "''Tiera'' was the only of Sibelius brass septet pieces to be published in his lifetime, which the Society for Popular Education printed in 1900 and paired with another piece for , (''Early in the Morning'', 1900) by Sibelius's brother-in-law, the Finnish composer and conductor Armas Järnefelt.", "===Neglect and publication===Sibelius's remaining five pieces were relegated to \"almost a century of obscurity\", forgotten and unplayed, until their rediscovery in the 1980s: the Overture, ''Antantino'', Menuetto, and Preludium were among the manuscripts that the Sibelius family donated in 1982 to the University of Helsinki Library, while the Finnish horn player and music educator in 1987 located the ''Allegro'' within the archives of Haupt's Loviisa septet.", "A year later, Fransman arranged the Preludium, ''Andantino'', and Menuetto as the so-called \"Petite Suite for Brass Septet\", respectively, as movements Nos.", "1–3; this (now Fennica Gehrman) published in 1988, along with the first edition of the Overture.", "The ''Allegro'', however, remains in manuscript." ], [ "Music", "Hilltop view of the Finnish municipality Loviisa in 1890, where at Sibelius frequently summered===Overture (JS 146)===The Overture in F minor, marked ''Allegro'', is in time and has a duration of about 11 minutes.===''Allegro'' (JS 25)===The ''Allegro'' in G minor is in time and has a duration of about five minutes.===''Andantino'' and Menuetto (JS 45)===The ''Andantino'' and Menuetto are each in time; together, they have a duration of about five minutes.===Preludium (JS 83)===The Preludium is in time and has a duration of about five minutes.===''Tiera'' (JS 200)===The ''Tiera'', marked ''Non troppo lentoAlla marcia'', is in time and has a duration of about four minutes." ], [ "Discography", "The Swedish conductor Lars-Gunnar Björklund and the made the world premiere studio recording of the Overture and the \"Petite Suite\" (using Fazer's the arrangements by Fransman), as well as of the ''Allegro'' (then in manuscript) in 1990 for Oompah Records.", "Although the ensemble also recorded ''Tiera'', this was preceded by an earlier performance by the Estonian-American conductor Neeme Järvi and the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra in 1989 for BIS.", "The sortable table below lists these and other commercially available recordings of Sibelius's works for : EnsembleDirectorRuntimesRecording venueLabel1Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra4:551989Gothenburg Concert HallBIS28:365:054:121:254:433:551990Swedish Radio Studio 2, StockholmOompah3London Gabrieli Brass Ensemble8:354:422:571:343:581990Hyperion4Finnish Brass Ensemble8:274:513:511:493:493:501993Kulttuuritalo5Brass Partout8:184:263:081:373:554:191999BIS6Wallace Collection2:141:363:233:262000St Paul's Church, RusthallDeux-Elles7Brass Septet Imperial8:574:403:132:073:514:252015PilfinkIn general, Sibelius's works have been well received.", "In a review of BIS's 2000 recording, Jed Distler of ''Classics Today'' wrote that the \"six Sibelius selections are well-crafted occasional pieces, the only exception being the Weber-like Overture in F minor\"; he further complimented Brass Partout for its \"technical refinement and pinpointed nuance that will either inspire or depress rank and file brass players\".", "Ivan March for ''Gramophone'' praised the Hyperion recording, describing the Sibelius tracks as \"the real find\" of the disc: \"They are entirely uncharacteristic, but have genuine charm\".", "He continued by characterizing each individual piece: the ''Allegro'' as \"fresh and somewhat folksy, yet quite expansive'; the ''Andantino'' as \"simple hymn-like melody\"; the Menuetto as \"very jolly\"; the \" colourful and rhythmically catchy\" Preludium as the \"most winning piece\" of the set; and, tepidly, the Overture as \"less memorable, but agreeable enough\".", "In contrast to Distler and March, Gerald Fenech for ''MusicWeb International'' reviewed the Overture positively." ], [ "Notes, references, and sources", ";;;;Books*;Liner notes;Journals and magazines;Websites***" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Lamar Cardinals football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Lamar Cardinals football team''' will represent Lamar University in the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season.", "The Cardinals play their home games at Provost Umphrey Stadium in Beaumont, Texas, and compete in the Southland Conference.", "They are led by second–year head coach Pete Rossomando." ], [ "Preseason", "===Recruiting===''Sources:''Back'''B'''Center'''C'''Cornerback'''CB'''Defensive back'''DB'''Defensive end'''DE'''Defensive lineman'''DL'''Defensive tackle'''DT'''End'''E'''Fullback'''FB'''Guard'''G'''Halfback'''HB'''Kicker'''K'''Kickoff returner'''KR'''Offensive tackle'''OT'''Offensive lineman'''OL'''Linebacker'''LB'''Long snapper'''LS'''Punter'''P'''Punt returner'''PR'''Quarterback'''QB'''Running back'''RB'''Safety'''S'''Tight end'''TE'''Wide receiver'''WR'''====Incoming transfers====The Cardinals added 9 transfer players.", "Two were signed during the early signing period.", "The remaining seven were signed on National Signing Day.Name Pos.", "Height Weight Hometown Year Prev school Christian Booker DL 6’2 277 Humble, TX Junior East Texas Baptist Xavier Coleman RB 5’8 185 Willingsboro, NJ Junior Boston College Dominic Eldridge OL 6’5 310 Dallas, TX Junior Blinn Edward Gilds DB 6’0 185 New Orleans, LA Junior Riverside City College Ronnie Hamrick DB 6’0 195 Lilburn, GA Junior Texas State DeJuan Lewis DB 5’10 195 Pearland, TX Sophomore Prairie View A&M Hamilton Moore DB 6’0 220 Raleigh, NC Senior Yale Dameon Smallwood OL 6’5 315 Denison, TX Junior North Texas Amari Williams DL 6’0 220 North Miami Beach, FL Junior Fullerton College/Liberty====Incoming high school recruits====''Sources:''Lamar signed 20 high school recruits with 15 signed on Early Signing Day and 5 added on National Signing Day." ], [ "Schedule" ], [ "Game summaries", "===@ Texas State (FBS)======Mississippi Valley State======Weber State======Texas Southern======@ Central Arkansas======@ Northwestern State====== Houston Christian ======Southeastern Louisiana======@ Incarnate Word======@ Texas A&M–Commerce======Nicholls======@ McNeese=== (Rivalry)" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "George F. Sisler" ], [ "Introduction", "'''George F. Sisler''' ( – September 24, 1992) was an American politician and businessman." ], [ "Early life and career", "Sisler was born on a farm in Epworth, Iowa.Sisler received an undergraduate degree from the University of Dubuque.", "In 1921, he received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Chicago; he later received a divinity degree from there as well.In his early career, Sisler worked as a railroad conductor, before serving as a private in World War I.", "After the war, he was a teacher at Lake Forest Academy.", "In the 1930s, he began working at First National Bank, where he stayed until the 1960s.", "He then started Sisler & Krebs, a consulting firm, where he worked until his retirement in 1989." ], [ "Political career", "Sisler was elected as a \"blue ribbon\" Republican candidate in the 1964 Illinois House of Representatives election, which was held at-large.", "Sisler was endorsed in that election by the Independent Voters of Illinois, who later rated him as one of the best freshman legislators elected that year.In the House, Sisler backed a pay raise for legislators, which intended to raise yearly salaries from $6,000 to $9,000, arguing that legislators were not paid adequately compared to what businessmen would be paid for doing a similarly important job.Sisler ran for the 12th district of the Illinois Senate in 1966.He was unopposed in the Republican primary, but was defeated in the general election by Democratic incumbent Joseph L. DeLaCour.Sisler ran for City Treasurer of Chicago in 1967.He was the Cook County Republican Party's preferred candidate, defeating Daniel M. Dumo by a wide margin for the party's nomination in the February 28 primary election.", "He faced Democratic candidate Marshall Korshak.", "The Chicago Tribune made no endorsement in the race, stating that both candidates were qualified.", "Sisler lost the general election to Korshak by a wide margin; however, he outperformed John L. Waner, the Republican nominee in the concurrent mayoral election." ], [ "Personal life", "Sisler served as the president of various organizations, including the Church Federation of Greater Chicago and the Rotary Club of Chicago.Sisler was the cousin of George H. Sisler, a first baseman who played primarily for the St. Louis Browns.Sisler died on September 24, 1992 in Chicago at the age of 95." ], [ "Electoral history" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "2024 Saravan killings" ], [ "Introduction", "On 27 January 2024, nine Pakistani laborers were killed and three were critically injured in the city of Saravan in the southeastern border region of Iran.", "The victims, who were laborers, lived at the auto repair shop where they worked.", "The incident came amid efforts by Iran and Pakistan to mend relations after recent tit-for-tat attacks." ], [ "Incident", "Unknown armed men entered a house and shot every Pakistani worker inside.", "The survivors told the police that three armed men were involved in the incident who fled after firing.", "No individual or group claimed responsibility for the shooting.", "This incident happened before the visit of Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian to Pakistan.Five of the victims belonged to different areas of Alipur in Punjab province and had been working in Iran for the past decade.", "The relatives of the deceased reached the Assistant Commissioner's office and facilitated the transfer of the dead bodies to Pakistan.The Iranian authorities had handed over the dead bodies of 9 Pakistani citizens to the authorities in Taftan on the Pak-Iran border on 1 February.", "Later, the bodies were flown to Punjab by a special plane from Juzak Airport in Sendak.", "While three injured Pakistanis are still undergoing treatment in a hospital in Iran." ], [ "Reactions", "Pakistani Ambassador to Iran Muhammad Mudassir Tipu expressed deep shock over the deaths and assured that the embassy would provide all possible assistance to the bereaved families.", "He urged Iran to fully cooperate in this matter.Mumtaz Zahra Baloch, Spokesperson of Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, while condemning the incident, emphasized the need for immediate investigation of the incident and the need to bring the people involved to justice.The spokesperson of the Iranian Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the incident and assured that the Iranian authorities are fully investigating the incident.", "He also stressed that both Iran and Pakistan are determined not to let their enemies disrupt their brotherly ties.Pakistan's Caretaker Foreign Minister Jalil Abbas Jilani described the attack as an attempt to spoil relations between Pakistan and Iran.Iran's ambassador to Pakistan Reza Amiri Moghaddam expressed condolences to Pakistan over the incident.===Victims’ families protest===The families of the victims demanded the government to repatriate the remains of their loved ones to their native towns for burial.", "They protested and blocked the Alipore road." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ilex triflora" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Ilex triflora''''' is a plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to tropical Asia.", "The specific epithet ''triflora'' means \"three-flowered\"." ], [ "Description", "''Ilex triflora'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall, sometimes as an epiphyte.", "The bark is smooth.", "The leathery leaves are elliptic to ovate and measure up to long.", "The inflorescences, in cymes, feature purple to pink to white flowers.", "The roundish fruits are purple to black." ], [ "Distribution and habitat", "''Ilex triflora'' is native to a wide area from the Assam region east to southern China and south to the Maluku Islands.", "Its habitat is in hill and montane forests, at elevations to ." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Tuttle Creek Ashram" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Tuttle Creek Ashram''' is a historic building from 1939.It is located in the Sierra Nevada, in Inyo County, California.", "The building is on a cliff between two forks of Tuttle Creek.", "It is associated with the philosopher Franklin Merrell-Wolff.It was originally called the '''Ajna Ashrama''', but Merrell-Wolff's modern students refer to it simply as '''The Ashrama'''.", "Locals gave it the name '''The Monastery''' and some hiking guides call it '''The Stone House'''.", "Its more widely used name, Tuttle Creek Ashram, was given to it by the United States Forest Service." ], [ "History", "In 1929, Franklin Merrell-Wolff and his wife Sherifa visited Mount Whitney.", "Their Native American friend told them that the spiritual center of the country was near its highest point, and Alaska was not considered a state yet.", "Because of this, they decided to work on writing projects near the mountain.", "They set up their camp near one of Lone Pine Creek's waterfalls and wrote for two months.The Merrell-Wolffs decided to use the camping area as a summer school for their organization, the Assembly of Man, which they had recently created.", "Merrell-Wolff asked the United States Forest Service for a special use permit and was told that a permanent structure would have to be created.", "He was also informed that the permits for Whitney Portal (then Hunter Flat) were not available.", "However, Merrell-Wolff was able to discover Tuttle Creek Canyon as a suitable spot for the camp.The Assembly of Man and the Merrell-Wolffs were able to secure their permit in 1930, but construction did not start until 1939 because leveling the site took time.", "Merrell-Wolff was inspired to use stone in the structure when the dynamite he used left plentiful amounts over.", "It was nearly finished, but Sherifa, the main leader of the project, became unable to reach the site, so construction was paused in 1951 before windows and doors were installed.In 1964, the Wilderness Act was passed, incorporating the building into the John Muir Wilderness, changing some rules relating to the legality of buildings in wilderness areas.", "Since they were usually not permitted, the U.S. Forest Service thought about destroying the structure entirely.", "The building was evaluated in the early 1980s for historical significance and passed, saving the ashram." ], [ "Features", "The building is built in the shape of a cross with equal side lengths.", "It measures and is made from stone and concrete.", "It has a beamed roof and a large fireplace.", "There is also a large altar patterned with granite in mortar.In the 1960s, a visitor chiseled \"Father, Into thy eternal wisdom, all creative love, and infinite power I direct my thoughts, give my devotion and manifest my energy that I may know, love, and serve thee.\"", "into the rock face.", "South of the altar is a square hole, called the \"cornerstone\".", "It was the place a person addressing the congregation was supposed to stand." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* ''Ashrama construction'', a 23-minute long 1940 film documenting the construction of the building and the convention of the Assembly of Man later that year" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Wish Upon a Star (disambiguation)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Wish Upon a Star''''' is a 1996 television film directed by Blair Treu.", "'''Wish Upon a Star''' may also refer to:''Wish Upon a Star'', 2004 Taiwanese television series starring Joseph Chang''Wish Upon a Star: A Tribute to the Music of Walt Disney'', 2011 album''Star in My Heart'' aka: ''Wish Upon a Star'', 2010 South Korean MBC TV Series" ], [ "See also", " Hoshi ni Negai o (disambiguation)* When You Wish Upon a Star (disambiguation)* 星願 (disambiguation)" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Wes Dodson" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Wes Dodson''' (born ) is an American college football coach.", "He is the head football coach for LaGrange College, a position he has held since 2023.He also coached for Western Michigan, William & Mary, and Hampden–Sydney.", "He played college football for Western Michigan as a safety." ], [ "Head coaching record" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* LaGrange profile* Hampden–Sydney profile" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Trotter Museum-Gallery" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Trotter Museum-Gallery''' is a museum and art gallery located in Pacific Grove, California, dedicated to preserving and showcasing the artistic and cultural heritage of the Monterey Peninsula region art." ], [ "Overview", "The Pacific Grove Museum-Gallery, embracing the philosophy of preserving the past and enriching the future, provides a free and educational experience to the public.", "The facility, covering an area of about 4,000 square feet, is devoted to exhibiting a range of early California artworks and rare artifacts that highlight the historical legacies of the local area." ], [ "Exhibitions", "E. Charlton Fortune sectionKey exhibits at the Trotter Museum-Gallery include those dedicated to Samuel Finley Brown Morse and the historic Hotel Del Monte.", "The gallery features the works of influential early California artists like Armin Hansen, William Ritschel, Jules Tavernier, E. Charlton Fortune, Francis McComas, Jo Mora,, M. DeNeale Morgan, and Bruton sisters.", "It also honors celebrated authors such as John Steinbeck and Robert Louis Stevenson, thereby offering an expansive view of the region's artistic and literary history.===Jules Tavernier (1844–1889)===Jules Tavernier paletteThe museum contains works by Jules Tavernier, including some of the artist's artifacts, such as Jules Tavernier's painting palette.", "Tavernier founded an art colony on the Monterey Peninsula and briefly established a studio at the Girardin Hotel (now called Stevenson House).", "In November 1875, Tavernier, alongside Walter Paris, leased space on Alvarado Street, establishing the first dedicated artist's studio in Monterey.===Jo Mora (1876–1947)===In 2016, Trotter Galleries in Pacific Grove enhanced its collection with the acquisition of seven of Jo Mora's \"Fable\" mural paintings.", "These murals, originally commissioned for San Francisco's Drake-Wiltshire Hotel during the Depression, are known for their uplifting and whimsical nature.", "The artworks feature anthropomorphic animals dressed in period clothing, engaging in various festive activities.", "Among these vibrant and lively pieces is a painting of mountain lion gals playing piano and singing, a jackrabbit in overalls, a raccoon as a trapper, and other California historical archetypes.", "Displayed at Trotter Galleries, these murals are not only commanding and delightful but are also complemented by various artifacts, books, and pictorial cards, showcasing the extensive and significant work of Jo Mora, a seminal Western artist who found his home in the United States.", "===Samuel Bolton Colburn (1909–1993) and John Steinbeck===John Steinbeck sectionThe Trotter Museum is home to an extensive collection of works by Samuel Bolton Colburn (1909-1993).", "This collection provides an in-depth look at his artistic contributions, with an emphasis on the \"Steinbeck era\" of the 1930s and '40s, named after the Nobel Prize-winning author John Steinbeck.", "Among the highlights of the Trotter Museum's Colburn collection is the watercolor \"Put Your Little Foot Down There.\"", "Painted at El Nido, historically known as \"The Keg,\" this piece reflects the vibrant local life of downtown Monterey at 301 Alvarado Street.", "\"The Keg\" was a popular spot for many, including Steinbeck and marine biologist Doc Ricketts; it was mentioned by Steinbeck in his travelogue \"Travels with Charley: In Search of America.\"", "The museum has a substantial collection of books and memorabilia related to John Steinbeck, who resided in Pacific Grove for several years.===Hotel del Monte===The Most Elegant Resort of 1889.Bird's-Eye View of Hotel del Monte, Monterey, CaliforniaThe Trotter Museum houses a historical section dedicated to the iconic Hotel Del Monte, featuring a collection that includes maps and historical documents of the 17-Mile Drive.", "The collection includes some of the guest books that offer a glimpse into the past patrons of the hotel.", "Additionally, the museum showcases a photograph collection and architectural plans of the hotel.===Perry Newberry (1870–1938)===The Gallery has a small section devoted to Perry Newberry, former mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea.", "In the 1923 \"Atlas of the Village,\" artist and cartoonist Jimmy Swinnerton depicted Mayor Newberry as the pillar of Carmel-by-the-Sea, joyfully endorsing various cultural aspects such as literature, art, music, theater, and even eccentricities.", "It is now on display at the Trotter Museum.", "===Kalisa Moore (1926–2009)===Stained glass from Kalisa Moore's La Ida Café on Cannery Row in MontereyIn one of the windows of the Trotter Museum-Gallery, there is a large stained glass piece that was once a feature of Kalisa Moore's \"La Ida Café\" on Cannery Row in Monterey.", "La Ida Café became a cultural hotspot, attracting a diverse crowd that included famous individuals like John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts, as well as bellydancers, bohemians, and beatniks.", "The café stood as a symbol of Moore's reign.", "She was known for her distinctive style, often seen perched on a wooden throne, adorned with feathers, and enjoying inexpensive wine.", "The café closed its doors in 2007, and Moore passed away in 2009.===Granville Redmond (1871–1935)===Granville Redmond sectionThe Granville Redmond section of the gallery showcases Redmond's paintings along with some notes from Charlie Chaplin.", "Redmond contracted scarlet fever at around the age of 2½ to 3; following his recovery, he was discovered to be deaf.", "Redmond formed a bond with Charlie Chaplin.", "Chaplin, intrigued by the expressiveness inherent in American Sign Language used by deaf individuals, sought Redmond's expertise.", "This collaboration influenced the development of Chaplin's techniques in his silent film performances.", "Recognizing Redmond's artistic talent, Chaplin provided him with a studio on his movie lot, became a collector of Redmond's paintings, and supported his participation in silent film acting.", "Notably, Redmond played the role of a sculptor in the film City Lights.", "===Armin Hansen's Collection (1886–1957)===A prominent feature of the Trotter Museum-Gallery is the dedicated section to Armin Hansen, strategically placed just inside the gallery’s entrance.", "This area showcases several of Hansen’s sketches and studies, which he later transformed into full-scale paintings.", "One notable display pairs a finished painting of a grove of trees with the original charcoal sketch Hansen created on-site, a practice that was integral to his studio work.", "Armin Hansen first visited Monterey in 1913 and eventually made it his home, drawn by the thriving fishing community and the burgeoning art colonies on the Peninsula.", "His artistic mediums spanned oils, watercolors, and graphic arts, with a particular mastery in etchings.", "Hansen developed a deep fascination with marine themes, often exploring the intricate relationship between man and the sea in his works.", "During the early 1920s, Hansen resided near the Stevenson House in Monterey.", "This period was marked by his active engagement with the local art community, where he frequently hosted gatherings for fellow artists, including members of the Society of Six.", "By this time, Hansen had established himself not only as one of California’s most renowned artists but also as a highly influential teacher of his era." ], [ "History and present", "The Trotter Museum-Gallery is a continuation of a family tradition that began in 1965 when Lee and Dick Trotter opened an antique shop in Pacific Grove.", "In July 2016, Terry and Paula Trotter launched the Museum-Gallery at the same location.", "The gallery is divided into sections, each dedicated to a specific artist or historical theme.", "Beyond artwork, the exhibits include personal artifacts such as letters, brushes, and carving tools.", "The space also functions as a part library, offering books and comfortable chairs for a relaxed reading experience.The Trotter Museum-Gallery serves as a research resource, primarily focusing on early California painters.", "Designed to cater to a diverse audience, it offers individual and group visits, including docent-led tours and educational classes." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Official website" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "W. Sherman Savage" ], [ "Introduction", "'''William Sherman Savage''' (March 7, 1890 – May 23, 1981), generally known as '''W.", "Sherman Savage''', was an American historian, professor of history at Lincoln University in Missouri, and author of ''Blacks in the West'', a foundational survey of the subject.", "A specialist in African American history, he also taught at Jarvis Christian College in Texas and California State College, Los Angeles.", "Savage was the first African American to graduate from the University of Oregon or receive a doctorate from Ohio State University." ], [ "Early life and education", "Born into a family of farmers in Wattsville on the Eastern Shore of Virginia on March 7, 1890, Savage left school at age 11 to help his family on the farm.", "At age 17, he completed his elementary education at Virginia Union College in Richmond, Virginia, and earned his high school diploma from Morgan College in Baltimore, Maryland.", "He earned his AB degree from Howard University in 1917, his MA degree in history from the University of Oregon in 1926, and his PhD in history from Ohio State University in 1934.Savage was the first African American to graduate from the University of Oregon and the first to earn a doctorate from Ohio State.", "He initially attended the University of Kansas for two summers, and the only reason he transferred was because Oregon charged only six dollars a quarter for tuition.", "As the only Black person attending the University of Oregon or living in the city of Eugene, he faced racial discrimination and struggled to find a landlord who would rent to an African American.", "Savage wrote his master's thesis on the topic of \"Abolitionist Literature in the Mails, 1830–1836\" and rewrote his dissertation into a monograph entitled ''The Controversy over'' ''the'' ''Distribution'' ''of'' ''Abolition Literature, 1830–1860'', published in 1938." ], [ "Academic career", "After teaching high school in North Carolina, Mississippi, and Oklahoma, Savage joined the faculty of Lincoln University in Missouri in 1921.He taught at Lincoln for thirty-nine years, taking leaves of absence as necessary to complete his postgraduate education.", "By the 1930s, he had become interested in the history of African Americans in the western United States, publishing a dozen scholarly articles on the Buffalo Soldiers and Black pioneers and educators in the West, primarily in African American history journals such as ''The Journal of Negro History'', the ''Negro History Bulletin'', and the ''Journal of Negro Education''.", "In 1976, Greenwood Press published his book ''Blacks in the West'', a foundational survey of Black influence on the Old West.", "Reviewers praised the book as an important synthesis—a \"lasting contribution to readers' understanding of racial and regional history,\" as one reviewer put it—though some voiced a desire for deeper analysis.After retiring from Lincoln University in 1960, Savage moved to Hawkins, Texas, where he chaired the history and social sciences department at Jarvis Christian College.", "From 1966 to 1970, he held an appointment as a visiting professor of history at California State College, Los Angeles, and concluded his career as a researcher at the Huntington Library alongside his friend and fellow historian of the American West Ray Allen Billington." ], [ "Personal life and death", "Savage wed Roena Muckelroy Savage, a choir director and professor of voice, in 1927.They had daughters Eloise (born 1936) and Inez (born 1939).", "He died in Los Angeles on May 23, 1981, at the age of 91.The Huntington Library holds his papers, spanning approximately 1950 to 1981." ], [ "Publications", "=== Books ===* * * === Articles ===* * * * * * * * * * * * " ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Unpublished memoirs of W. Sherman Savage via the Huntington Library" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Zhongzheng Mountain" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Zhongzheng Mountain'''（Chinese：中正山）, originally named '''Mituo Mountain''' and also known as '''Shiba Fen Mountain''' or '''Daganlin Mountain''', is a peak in the northern part of the Taipei Basin within the Datun Volcano Group in Taiwan.", "With an elevation of 646 meters, it is located in Beitou District, Taipei City, within the Yangmingshan National Park.", "Formed by volcanic rocks on the southern side of Mt.", "Datun, it is referred to as Maitreya Mountain by the abbot of Fahua Temple at the foot of the mountain.In the early 1950s, during the early years of the Nationalist government in Taiwan, the mountain was renamed Zhongzheng Ridge to celebrate the birthday of President Chiang Kai-shek.", "Later, it was changed to Zhongzheng Mountain.", "The Kuomintang (KMT) and its affiliated organizations, starting from the 1950s, established birthday altars on the mountain on President Chiang Kai-shek's birthday.", "They organized mass ascents for the \"Birthday Ascent,\" and in the 1960s, they expanded it to a \"Ten Thousand People Ascent\" symbolizing boundless longevity.", "Participants chanted praises to the \"World Renowned Leader\" and the \"Savior of the Nation,\" shouting cheers in his honor.", "Even after his passing, annual \"Memorial Ascents\" continued for over a decade.In 1956, the Forestry Bureau, in collaboration with the Presidential Office, carried out afforestation with the image of the characters \"中正\" (Zhongzheng) on the southern slope of the mountain facing the direction of Taipei City.", "Each character was about one hundred meters wide and visible from Beitou City when the weather was clear, serving as a landmark for Beitou.", "However, by the 1990s, the characters became increasingly indistinct, and by 2003, aerial photos showed that they were difficult to recognize.", "This deterioration was attributed to the infestation of pine wood nematodes over the years and the passing of volunteers who had been pruning the trees since 2007.As of now, the characters are no longer discernible." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Algiers Accords (2006)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Algiers Accords for the Restoration of Peace, Security, and Development in Kidal Region''' were the peace agreements that laid out a roadmap to development of northern Mali and the end of the Tuareg rebellion of 2006.The accords allowed for a normalization of relations between Kidal Region, Ménaka Cercle, and the Malian government.", "The agreement was signed on July 4, 2006, and was signed between Malian government representatives and representatives of the May 23, 2006 Democratic Alliance for Change, under Algerian mediation." ], [ "Criticism", "Malian NGOs, under the Consultation and Support Council of NGOs of Mali (CCA-ONG) decried the agreement when it was first implemented.", "The CCA-ONG believed \"there was a risk of erosion of state authority\", and that \"the Algiers accords constitute a means of moving the problem over time and not a lasting solution as stated in the preamble.\"", "The organization stated that the Algiers Accords would end up like the National Pact of 1992, signed between the Malian government and Unified Front of Azawad that failed to resolve the Tuareg rebellion of the 1990s.Rally for Mali, the opposition at the time led by Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, also rejected the agreement and claimed it disrespected national unity.", "The RPM appealed to the Constitutional Court that the text of the agreement did not follow the Malian constitution." ], [ "Implementation and aftermath", "The agreement did not work, and Tuareg fighters rebelled in 2007 leading to the Tuareg rebellion of 2007 to 2009.On November 5, 2009, the Malian National Assembly voted on a fund for the socio-economic and infrastructural development of Kidal region.", "This fund received 127 votes for, none against, and two abstentions.", "The fund also helped Gao Region and Tombouctou Region, for a cost of 700 billion CFA franc, and was one of the stipulations delineated in the Algiers Accords." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Full text" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ohio's 8th House of Representatives district" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ohio's 8th House of Representatives district''' is currently represented by Democrat Beth Liston.", "It is located entirely within Franklin County and includes the city of Worthington and parts of Columbus, as well as parts of Perry and Sharon Townships." ], [ "List of members representing the district", " Member Party Years GeneralAssembly Electoral historyDistrict established January 2, 1967.100px'''Rodney Hughes''' RepublicanJanuary 2, 1967 –December 31, 1972107th108th109thElected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Redistricted to the 78th district.100px'''Ed Feighan''' DemocraticJanuary 1, 1973 –December 31, 1978110th111th112thElected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Retired to run for Cuyahoga County Commissioner.", "'''Benny Bonanno''' DemocraticJanuary 1, 1979 –November 18, 1982113th114thElected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Resigned to become Cuyahoga County Recorder.", "'''Barbara C. Pringle''' DemocraticNovember 18, 1982 –December 31, 1982114thAppointed to finish Bonanno's term.Redistricted to the 11th district.", "'''Francine Panehal''' DemocraticJanuary 3, 1983 –December 31, 1988115th116th117thRedistricted from the 5th district and re-elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Retired.", "'''Madeline Cain''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 1989 –December 31, 1992118th119thElected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Redistricted to the 17th district.100px'''C.", "J. Prentiss''' DemocraticJanuary 4, 1993 –December 31, 1998120th121st122ndRedistricted from the 14th district and re-elected in 1992.Re-elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Retired to run for state senator.100px'''Shirley Smith''' DemocraticJanuary 4, 1999 –December 31, 2002123rd124thElected in 1998.Re-elected in 2000.Redistricted to the 10th district.100px'''Lance Mason''' DemocraticJanuary 6, 2003 –December 31, 2006125th126thRedistricted from the 11th district and re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Retired to run for state senator.100px'''Armond Budish''' DemocraticJanuary 1, 2007 –December 31, 2014127th128th129th130thElected in 2006.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Re-elected in 2012.Term-limited; ran for Cuyahoga County Executive.", "'''Kent Smith''' DemocraticJanuary 5, 2015 –December 31, 2022131st132nd133rd134thElected in 2014.Re-elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Term-limited; ran for state senator.100px'''Beth Liston''' DemocraticJanuary 2, 2023 –present135thRedistricted from the 21st district and re-elected in 2022." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Dahomey (film)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Dahomey''''' is a 2024 documentary film directed by Mati Diop.", "The work is about return of 26 of the royal treasures of the Kingdom of Dahomey to Benin.The international co-production among France, Senegal and Benin, was selected in the Competition at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear with its first screening on 18 February at Berlinale Palast.", "The film was also nominated for the Berlinale Documentary Film Award.It is scheduled for theatrical release in France on 25 September 2024." ], [ "Contents", "The Kingdom of Dahomey around 1894, superimposed on a map of the modern-day Republic of Benin, in the region of West Africa.The documentary film by Mati Diop blends facts and fiction to narrate the stories of the African artworks that were looted.View of the African exhibit hall at Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques ChiracIt tells the story of 26 royal artifacts from the Kingdom of Dahomey (1600–1904), that were taken back to Benin from France.", "They had been plundered during the colonial era and displayed in the Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, a Parisian museum of non-European art.", "Among the returned works were statues of Dahomey's former kings, King Glélé and King Béhanzin, who had great symbolic value.", "Their throne, which was seized by French soldiers in 1892, was also given back.", "The art pieces are now shown in a special museum in Abomey, the old royal city, which is about 65 miles away from the coast of the Gulf of Guinea." ], [ "Production", "Director Mati Diop in 2021The documentary directed by Mati Diop is produced by Les Films du Bal in co-production with Fanta Sy and distributed by Les Films du Losange.", "Scripted by Mati Diod and photographed by Joséphine Drouin-Viallard, it is edited by Gabriel Gonzalez, with texts in collaboration between the director and Makenzy Orcel.", "The music isComposed by Wally Badarou and Dean Blunt." ], [ "Release", "''Dahomey'' had its world premiere on 18 February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Competition.In January 2024, Paris-based Les Films du Losange acquired the sales rights of the film.It will be released in French theaters on 25 September 2024 by Les Films du Losange." ], [ "Reception", "On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes website, the film has an approval rating of 100% based on 8 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10.David Rooney reviewing the film for ''The Hollywood Reporter'' dubbed it as \"Richly layered and resonant,\" and opined, \"This directorial flourish liberates the looted treasures from being mere objects, with smart use of subjective camera by DP Joséphine Drouin-Viallard helping to make them come alive as characters.\"", "Wendy Ide wrote in ScreenDaily while reviewing the film at Berlinale, \"In this agile, cerebral film, using a combination of deft fly-on-the-wall footage, a centrepiece debate among students at the University of Abomey-Calavi and an unexpected element of fantasy, the film feels like an important contribution to an ongoing conversation about the legacy of colonialism in Africa, and to the thorny topic of restitution and repatriation of cultural heritage to the country of its origin.\"", "Jessica Kiang writing in ''Variety'' in her review at Berlinale said, \"French-Senegalese director Mati Diop fashions her superb, short but potent hybrid doc ''Dahomey'' as a slim lever that cracks open the sealed crate of colonial history, sending a hundred of its associated erasures and injustices tumbling into the light.\"", "Concluding Kiang opined, \"''Dahomey'' is a striking, stirring example of the poetry that can result when the dead and the dispossessed speak to and through the living.", "\"Stephanie Bunbury, in her review at Berlinale for Deadline said, \"Open-ended, fecund with imagination and ideas, never hectoring or lecturing, not so much posing questions as asking what questions might be posed: Mati Diop’s film is a marvelous provocation.", "\"Adam Solomons of IndieWire reviewing at Berlinale graded the film B and criticised the runtime of the film, he opined, \"''Dahomey'' might have worked better at a runtime of closure to 30 minutes: the student debate, though well staged, becomes a bit repetitive, and some of the shots of boxes being loaded and unloaded go at a snail’s pace.\"", "Concluding Solomons prised the director Mati Diop and wrote, \"''Dahomey'' is a bold and memorable history lesson.", "But with Diop’s expressive talents as they are, it’s fair to hope that she returns to the world of fiction next time.\"" ], [ "Accolades", "The film was selected in Competition at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, thus it was nominated to compete for Golden Bear award.", "Award Date Category Recipient Result Berlin International Film Festival25 February 2024 Golden Bear''Dahomey'' Berlinale Documentary Film Award" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* * * * ''Dahomey'' at Berlinale* Treasures from Dahomey: France returns stolen art to Benin at Euronews" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "David J. Scott" ], [ "Introduction", "'''David John Scott''' (born ) is a retired American military officer.", "A son of Winfield W. Scott Jr., he graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1978 and served in the United States Air Force until 2012, rising to the rank of major general." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Reroute" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Reroute''''' is a 2022 Philippine thriller film co-written, edited and directed by Lawrence Fajardo.", "The film stars John Arcilla, Cindy Miranda and Sid Lucero." ], [ "Plot", "Couple Trina (Cindy) and Dan (Sid), whose relationship is on the rocks, decide to visit Dan's dying father in his hometown.", "Along the way, they encounter a roadblock, prompting them to pass through a nearby shortcut.", "However, their car suddenly broke down and they met a retired soldier Gemo (John), who invites them to stay overnight at his house and promises to help in fixing their car the following morning.", "During their stay at Gemo's house, they know something is wrong." ], [ "Cast", "* John Arcilla as Gemo* Cindy Miranda as Trina* Sid Lucero as Dan* Nathalie Hart as Lala* Neil Tolentino as Gemo's Assistant* Edwin Pamanian as Man in Carenderia" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Goodbye My Love (Ann Lewis song)" ], [ "Introduction", "\"'''Goodbye My Love'''\" (Japanese: グッド・バイ・マイ・ラブ) is a song originally recorded by Japanese singer Ann Lewis.", "It was released as her sixth Japanese single through Sony Music Entertainment Japan on April 5, 1974.It served as a single for her studio album of the same name, which was released in July of the same year.", "The single included a B-side track titled \"Kurakunaru Made Matte\" and peaked at number 14 on the Oricon Singles Chart.", "Numerous artists have released a cover of the song as an official single since its release, including by Teresa Teng in 1975, Kaori Sakagami in 1989, Shigeru Matsuzaki in 1993, and Saki Fukuda in 2006." ], [ "Track listing", ";CD single#\"Goodbye My Love\" (グッド・バイ・マイ・ラブ) – 3:38#\"Kurakunaru Made Matte\" (暗くなるまで待って; Wait Until it Gets Dark) – 3:10" ], [ "Charts", "===Weekly charts=== Chart (1974) Peakposition Japan Singles (Oricon) 14=== Year-end charts === Chart (1974) Position Japan Singles (Oricon) 50" ], [ "Teresa Teng version", "\"'''Goodbye My Love'''\" was recorded by Taiwanese singer Teresa Teng in both Japanese and Mandarin.", "The Japanese version was originally included on her debut Japanese studio album ''Kuko / Yukigesho'', released through Polygram Records on October 21, 1974.Teng then re-recorded it in Mandarin (Chinese: 再見，我的愛人) and released it as a single in support of her studio album ''Love Songs of Island: Goodbye My Love'' in September 1975.The Mandarin rendition is regarded as one of Teng's most well-known classics in the Chinese-speaking world.=== Background and release ===In 1974, Teng recorded a cover of Ann Lewis's \"Goodbye My Love\" for debut Japanese album titled ''Kuko / Yukigesho''.", "It was released as her first record under the label on October 21, 1974, and was met with commercial success in Japan.", "\"Konyakashira Ashitakashira\", \"Airport\", and \"Yukigesho\" were released as CD singles for the album.", "Teng released a Mandarin version of \"Goodbye My Love\" (再見，我的愛人; pinyin: Zàijiàn, wǒ de àirén) as a single for her studio album titled ''Love Songs of Island: Goodbye My Love'', which was released on September 10, 1975.The lyrics portray the helplessness and sorrow of two separated lovers.=== Reception ===The song became one of Teng's most famous songs and was sung as the finale number several times at her concerts throughout her career.", "''South China Morning Post'' named it one of Teng's five best hits.=== Credits and personnel ===* Rei Nakanishi – Japanese lyricist* Masaaki Hirao – composer* Kenichiro Morioka – composer* Feng Tianzhi – producer (Teresa Teng version)* Luo Baowen – Mandarin lyricist" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Rasim Selmanaj" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Rasim Selmanaj''' (born 8 March 1963) is a politician and writer in Kosovo.", "He was the mayor of Deçan from 2009 to 2017 and has served three terms in the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo.", "A prominent youth leader in the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) during the 1990s, Selmanaj has been a member of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK) since 2001." ], [ "Early life and career", "Selmanaj was born to an Albanian family in the village of Gllogjan in Deçan, in what was then the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija in the People's Republic of Serbia, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.", "He was involved in protests by the Kosovo Albanian student community in the early 1980s and was a founding member of the nationalist ''Shqiponja'' organization.", "He became the first leader of the LDK's Youth Forum in Deçan in the early 1990s and during this time oversaw the journal ''Zgjimi''.", "Selmanaj was imprisoned by the Serbian authorities in 1981, 1983, and 1992.Selmanaj was arrested by Serbian police as a \"terrorist\" on 24 March 1998 and was kept in prison for the remainder of the Kosovo War (1998–99).", "He was released in 2001.He holds a bachelor's degree." ], [ "Author and publisher", "Selmanaj was the publisher and editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper ''24 Orê'' until January 2003 and the weekly ''Focus'' from 2001 to 2009.He has written several books, including collections of prose and poetry." ], [ "Politician", "Selmanaj was appointed as the AAK's leader for the Metohija region following his release from prison and later served on the party's presidency.", "He appeared in the twenty-fifth position on the AAK's electoral list in the 2004 Kosovan parliamentary election, which was held under closed list proportional representation.", "The list won nine seats, and he was not elected.===First assembly term (2007–09)===All parliamentary elections in Kosovo since 2007 have been held under open list proportional representation.", "Selmanaj appeared in the fifteenth position on the AAK's list for the 2007 Kosovan parliamentary election, finished sixth among his party's candidates, and was elected when the list won ten seats.", "The Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) won the election and afterward formed a new coalition government with the LDK, while the AAK served in opposition.", "Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in February 2008, and Selmanaj was one of the signatories of its declaration.In April 2009, Selmanaj was an organizer of a public event in Deçan supporting Albania's entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).===Mayor of Deçan (2009–17)===Selmanaj elected as mayor of Deçan in 2009 Kosovan local elections.", "As he could not hold a dual mandate, he resigned from parliament on being sworn in.In June 2012, Selmanaj personally accompanied staff members from the Visoki Dečani, a Serbian Orthodox Church monastery in Deçan, as they applied for Republic of Kosovo registry papers.", "The church's engagement with the Pristina authorities was seen as significant, as it has not recognized Kosovo's declaration of independence.", "The following year, Selmanaj opposed a Kosovo Supreme Court decision legitimating the transfer of twenty-three hectares of land to the monastery.Selmanaj was re-elected as mayor in the 2013 local elections.", "In late 2014, he condemned an act of sectarian vandalism by Albanian nationalist extremists at the Visoki Dečani monastery.", "In July 2015, the Special Chamber of the Supreme Court of Kosovo controversially overturned the monastery's claims to the disputed twenty-three hectares; Selmanaj described this decision as \"fair and honest.", "\"He resigned as mayor in July 2017 after returning to parliament.===Return to parliament (2017–21)===The PDK and AAK formed an alliance for the 2017 Kosovan parliamentary election, and Selmanaj appeared in the ninety-second position on their combined list.", "He finished thirty-first among the list's candidates and was elected to a second assembly term when the list won thirty-nine seats.", "The PDK and AAK formed an alliance after the election, and Selmanaj served as a government supporter.", "He was a member of the committee for rights, community interests, and returns, and the committee for public administration, local government, and media.Selmanaj appeared in the fifty-second position on the AAK's list in the 2019 Kosovan parliamentary election, finished sixth among the party's candidates, and was re-elected when the list won thirteen seats.", "Vetëvendosje (VV) won the election and initially formed a coalition government with the LDK, with the AAK serving in opposition.", "This government fell after less than a month, and the LDK formed a new coalition with the AAK in June 2020.Selmanaj once again served as a government supporter and was a member of the committee for local government, public administration, regional development, and media, and the committee for agriculture, forestry, rural development, infrastructure, and environment.The LDK–AAK administration fell in December 2020, and a new parliamentary election was held in February 2021.Selmanaj appeared eighth on the AAK list, finished fifteenth, and was not re-elected when the party fell to eight seats.", "Selmanaj resigned from all positions in the AAK after the election, while remaining a member of the party." ], [ "Published works (up to 2014)", "''Shtegtar i Lirisë'' (2001; poetry)''Melodi shiu në sytë e nënës'' (2003; poetry)''Peizazh i ëndrrës'' (2004; prose)''Kur kalëroj kujtesën'' (2005; poetry)''Kitarë e Krisur'' (2006; compilation)''Shpirti i lagur më Lot'' (2006; poetry)''Haradinaj dhe Haga'' (2006)''Heroi me kitarë'' (2007)''Me Ramushin''''Hijet e Thyera''*''Duam kthimin tënd''" ], [ "Electoral record", "===Local (Deçan)===" ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Yaroslav Yurchyshyn" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Yaroslav Romanovych Yurchyshyn''' (; born 14 October 1980) is a Ukrainian politician and anti-corruption activist currently serving as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from the proportional list of the Holos party since 2019.Prior to his election, he was executive director of Transparency International Ukraine and a member of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine." ], [ "Early life and career", "Yaroslav Romanovych Yurchyshyn was born on 14 October 1980 in the village of Mirny, in the northern Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.", "He joined Plast in 2001 and graduated from the University of Lviv with a degree in archaeology a year later.", "Yurchyshyn also graduated from National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy with a specialty in political sciences and a certificate in practical psychology.From 2003 to 2005 Yurchyshyn was head of the Kyiv office of Plast.", "He joined the Phoenix Capital investment bank in 2009 and was responsible for overseeing the bank's relations with the Ukrainian government.", "Yurchyshyn worked at Phoenix Capital until 2011, when he joined the National Democratic Institute as a trainer in lobbying and media.", "He also worked with the Ukrainian Catholic University.", "He was also the chairman of Plast's congress from 2013 to 2014." ], [ "Political career", "Yurchyshyn joined politics during the Orange Revolution.", "He supported the Viktor Yushchenko-led opposition as part of the campaign.", "Following the revolution he joined the Our Ukraine party, remaining in the party until the 2010s.", "Yurchyshyn also protested against changes to the Ukrainian electoral code developed during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych, and has referred to the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election as \"falsified\".Following the Revolution of Dignity Yurchyshyn became an adviser to Andriy Parubiy in his capacity as Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.", "He had previously been an adviser to , Lesya Orobets, and Mykola Kniazhytskyi as People's Deputies of Ukraine, and later advised Parubiy as a People's Deputy.", "In 2014 Yurchyshyn also became leader of the Democratic Alliance party in Kyiv.", "He also became legal adviser for the non-governmental organisation the same year.Yurchyshyn became a member of the Civil Oversight Council of the National Anti-corruption Bureau of Ukraine, established to ensure the bureau's transparency, in 2014.He later served as member of a committee entrusted with selecting members of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office from 2016 to 2017.He was concurrently part of a commission for selecting the head of the National Agency on Corruption Prevention.", "From 2016 to 2018 Yurchyshyn was director of Transparency International Ukraine.", "He subsequently became chairman of the group, resigning in 2019.In May 2019 Yurchyshyn co-founded the Holos party.", "In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Yurchyshyn was the 7th candidate on the proportional list of Holos.", "He was successfully elected into the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament), and inaugurated on 29 August 2019.=== People's Deputy of Ukraine ===Yurchyshyn joined the Justice parliamentary group in 2021, joining other members of Holos who split from the party faction in the Verkhovna Rada over a leadership dispute.", "He voted in favour of the removal of Arsen Avakov as Minister of Internal Affairs, and called for the removal of all members of pro-Russian parties from the Verkhovna Rada following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.Following his election as People's Deputy of Ukraine Yurchyshyn became first deputy chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Anti-Corruption Committee.", "In this role Yurchyshyn was among the leaders of attempts to reinstitute the e-declaration system amidst martial law during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.Yurchyshyn was appointed as head of the Verkhovna Rada Freedom of Speech Committee on 9 December 2023, after Nestor Shufrych was removed from office on 20 September as a result of charges of high treason being levelled against him by Pecherskyi District Court.Yurchyshyn has also expressed support for what he has referred to as the \"decolonisation\" and \"controlled collapse\" of Russia, particularly supporting independence for nations in the North Caucasus and Tatarstan.", "He has compared the Soviet empire and Russia under Vladimir Putin to the British, French, and Spanish empires." ], [ "Personal life", "Yurchyshyn is a member of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.", "He is married, with a daughter and two sons." ], [ "References" ] ]	wikipedia
[ [ "Ward Muir" ], [ "Introduction", "\"Curling at Kandersteg\", by Ward Muir'''Wardrop Openshaw Muir''' (22 June 1878 – 9 June 1927) was a British photographer, journalist, editor, and author, known as '''Ward Muir'''." ], [ "Early life", "Muir was born in Waterloo, Lancashire, the younger son of the Rev.", "J. J. Muir, a minister of the Waterloo Presbyterian Church of England, and his wife Sarah Openshaw Clapperton, both born in Scotland.", "His older brother and sister had also been born there, and his father had previously served as a minister in St Helier, Jersey.", "The young Muir was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby, and Brighton College.Ward Muir, \"Edinburgh in Winter the Thaw\"Muir was given his first camera by a Scottish clergyman, and by 1894, while still at school, was a committee member of the Waterloo Social Camera Club.", "In 1895, he gave a lecture to the club on \"Reminiscences of Scotland\", illustrated by magic lantern slides.After leaving school, Muir matriculated at Liverpool University, but soon after that his health broke down, due to a lung disease, and he was ordered to go to Davos.", "While there, he started writing stories for boys and met an editor of Northcliffe newspapers.", "This led to a job at Carmelite House in Fleet Street, working on women's magazines.", "His publisher later commented \"Heaven only knows how many pseudonyms he must have adopted here, but I believe his nerve deserted him when it came to the fashion hints.", "\"After travelling in France, the Low Countries, Italy, and Austria, about 1898 Muir began selling photographic work to magazines.", "In March of that year, he joined the Cyclists' Touring Club from an address in Waterloo.Muir became active in the Practical Correspondence College, which taught how to make photography pay.", "In 1902, Muir's father died, while on a visit to Scotland, leaving an estate valued at more than £6,000, .", "His mother died in Edinburgh in November 1914." ], [ "Career", "At the age of twenty-three, Muir settled in London as a freelance journalist.", "His photographs and writing appeared in the magazine ''Camera Work'' in its first year, 1903, and were still appearing there in the summer of 1914.He took long breaks from work to travel, covering all of Europe, apart from the Balkans and Scandinavia, also visiting Egypt and North America.", "It was later reported that he had been \"compelled to travel throughout a good many years of his life as a means of fighting the lung disease which eventually killed him.", "\"Muir's novel ''When We Are Rich'' (1911) is a tale of Bohemian art student life, with \"a fascinating flirt, a delightful old maid, and a generous baron\".", "His next novel, ''Cupid's Caterers'' (1914) mocks the business of women's magazines, through a fictional one called ''Honeysuckle''.", "It also has hard words for the profession of journalism.", "A review of the book in ''The Spectator'' notes the line \"in its way, a ''Spectator'' article is no more difficult than a ''Honeysuckle'' one.During the First World War, Muir made several unsuccessful attempts to enlist in the army, but in 1915 was accepted as a private into the Royal Army Medical Corps, joining up with a group of artists and writers from the Chelsea Arts Club.", "He served as an orderly with his artist friends Francis Derwent Wood and C. R. W. Nevinson, working at the Third London General Hospital at Wandsworth, where he established a magazine, \"Happy Though Wounded\".", "In ''Observations of an Orderly'' (1917), Muir wrote of wounded soldiers arriving from the theatres of war and \"the spontaneous geniality of the battered occupants\".", "This book was followed by ''The Happy Hospital'' (1918).", "Muir was promoted to Lance Corporal and ended the war serving on the Italian front.In 1919, Muir wrote a series of memoirs for ''The Amateur Photographer'', under the title \"Photographic Days\".", "Also in 1919, the publisher Ivor Nicholson wrote a complimentary two-page article about Muir which appeared in ''The Bookman''.", "He noted that \"Ward Muir is a really expert photographer and is one of the very few men who have succeeded in writing interestingly about photography.", "\"In October 1920, Muir was reported to have suffered a breakdown in health, due to over-work, soon after completing a book of short stories, ''Adventures in Marriage''.", "This led to a long stay in Switzerland to recover.After his return, Muir worked as a writer and photographer for ''The Amateur Photographer''.", "His weekly column \"Critical Causerie\" appeared under the pen name of \"The Bandit\", but he was still in poor health.43-47 Mecklenburgh SquareIn 1924, Muir's story \"The Reward of Enterprise\" was included in Catharine Dawson Scott's collection ''Twenty-Three Stories by Twenty and Three Authors''.Muir's novel ''No Fuss'' was published two months after his death.", "The central character, Miriam, has many lovers in artistic circles in Chelsea, mostly rich men.", "In its review, ''The Spectator'' comments that the minor characters are very life-like, but \"It is difficult to believe in the beautiful Miriam herself and impossible to suppose that she lived happily and virtuously ever after in the company of Bob Taylor, a very unexciting person.\"", "Muir died at home, at 44 Mecklenburgh Square, St Pancras, on 9 June 1927.He was reported to have been in poor health for a long time, with a final decline lasting some weeks.", "He left a widow, Dorothea Muir, and an estate valued at £2,614, ." ], [ "Novels", "''The Amazing Mutes: their week in lovely Lucerne'' (1910)''When We Are Rich: a callow chronicle of frivolous affairs'' (London: Stanley Paul & Co., 1911)''Cupid's Caterers'' (London: Stanley Paul and Co., 1914)''Further East than Asia: a romantic adventure'' (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1919)''Jones in Paris'' (London: John Lane, the Bodley Head, 1926)''No Fuss'' (London: Richards, 1927)''The Bewildered Lover'' (London: John Lane, 1928)" ], [ "Short stories", "\"Sargasso\" (1908)\"The Man With the Ebony Crutches\" (February 1908)\"Detective Tempest Faces the Music\" (1912) \"The Reward of Enterprise\" (1913)\"The Chic Lady of Snowland\" (1921)''Adventures in Marriage'' (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1920)" ], [ "Non-fiction", "''Observations of an Orderly: Some Glimpses of Life and Work in an English War Hospital'' (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co., 1917)''The Happy Hospital'' (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, 1918)\"Visiting-Day at a War Hospital: some varied memories of contrasting callers\", ''The War Illustrated'', 27 April 1918, pp.", "203–204''A Camera for Company'' (London: Selwyn & Blount, 1923)" ], [ "Notes" ], [ "External links", " \"Author: Ward Muir\", Internet Speculative Fiction Database* Ward Muir, Online Books Page" ] ]	wikipedia

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