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[ [ "Kingdom of Bugesera" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Kingdom of Bugesera''' () was an independent Bantu kingdom that existed from the 16th to 18th century in Central Africa.", "Around 1799, it was conquered and divided by the Kingdom of Rwanda and Kingdom of Burundi." ], [ "Sources", "Until the 19th century, the history of the states of the African Great Lakes was largely handed down through oral traditions and legends.", "The reliability of these is often unclear, and many oral retellings of local events contradict each other.", "For instance, some accounts of the eventual fall of Bugesera are anachronistic, attributing its conquest to monarchs of entirely different time periods.", "Further information can be gleamed from archaeology.", "However, little information was preserved for the Kingdom of Bugesera; the state is mainly known via Rwandan stories and records.", "Archaeological research is also lacking in the area formerly occupied by Bugesera.", "Thus, no reliable chronology or list of its kings can be established for Bugesera." ], [ "History", "=== Early dominance ===The Bugesera kingdom was possibly founded in the 16th century.", "Its rulers were known as ''mwami'' (kings), similarly to the monarchs of other regional states.", "Accounts of the regional royal lineages have led some historians such as Jan Vansina to the conclusion that Bugesera originally dominated Rwanda, with the latter being a mere dependency ruled by a branch of the Bugeseran royal family.", "As some oral traditions claim that Burundi's Ganwa elite was related to Rwanda's royal clan, researchers Léonidas Ndoricimpa and Claude Guillet further suggested that Burundi could have also emerged as a subordinate principality of Bugesera.", "Indeed, up until the 18th century, the Kingdom of Bugesera was an extensive realm, as evidenced by many associated sites and tales.", "Accoording to Rwandan stories, Bugesa sheltered Prince Mwendo after the latter had attempted to murder ''mwami'' Cyilima I Rugwe of Rwanda.", "In addition, divine oracles reportedly informed Cyilima I Rugwe that Nyanguge, wife of ''mwami'' Nsoro Bihembe of Bugesera, was the destined queen of Rwanda.", "In order to obtain her, Cyilima I Rugwe befriended Bugesera and even ceded territory to Bugesera.", "This newly won territory was later lost to the Kingdom of Gisaka due to Nyoro invasions.", "However, Nyanguge was possibly already pregnant when she was sent to Cyilima I Rugwe; the next Rwandan ''mwami'', Kigeli I Mukobanya, was thus widely believed to be the son of Nsoro Bihembe of Bugesera.Various Rwandan legends tell of events relating to Bugesera during the reign of ''mwami'' Mibambwe Mutabazi of Rwanda, son of Kigeli I Mukobanya.", "According to one tale, ''mwami'' Nsoro Sangano of Bugesera gave shelter to Prince Mashira of the Nduga kingdom when the latter was conquered by Mibambwe Mutabazi.", "Mashira later retook Nduga.", "In another story, the Nyoro people once again launched an invasion of the region, capturing Nsoro Sangano and forcing him to act as a scout for their armies.", "However, the Rwandans and their allies defeated the Nyoro invaders; Nsoro Sangano was left abandoned in the Ngiga forests far from home.According to another Rwandan legend, ''mwami'' Mibambwe Mutabazi of Rwanda formed an alliance with Bugesera and Burundi at one point in history to avenge the murder of his mother in \"Bunyabungo\", an area corresponding to the region west of Lake Kivu.", "Led by Nsoro Sangano or his successor Muhoza, Bugeseran armies invaded \"Bunyabungo\" and ravaged the land, killing a local king and taking his pregnant wife as prisoner.", "This wife gave birth to a son named Sibula (or \"Ntsibura\"); when the latter grew up, he was able to return to his homeland, rose to king, and took revenge by killing Rwandan ''mwami'' Ndahiro II Cyamatare.", "In the legend, Sibula's storied travels are used to explain why several local kingdoms highly respected drums as symbols of royal authority.", "However, this legend is only partially corroborated by other oral traditions; thus it is mostly likely only partially historical.", "Another oral telling of this story claims that Ntare II Kibogora of Burundi invaded Bugesera, then ruled by Rwagitare, whereupon Rwanda intervened on Bugesera's side.", "The intervention resulted in a peace agreement, ultimately leading to an cultural exchange.=== Decline ===By the start of the 18th century, Bugesera had dimished and become one of the weaker regional states.", "In contrast, the kingdoms of Rwanda and Gisaka had grown more powerful.", "At this point, most of the local states had hostile relationships, often fighting over territory and engaging in regular cattle raiding.", "However, Bugesera's relations to Gisaka were relatively stable.", "Bugesera's last major ruler was Nsoro Nyabarega who is associated with cave inscriptions as well as oral traditions that are spread over a large area in modern-day Rwanda and Burundi.", "However, ''mwami'' Ntare I of Burundi launched several wars of expansion, including against Bugesera.", "Some oral traditions claim that the Bugeseran army actually managed to invade Ntare's lands and was only stopped at Mbuye, allowing the Burundians to turn the tide of war.", "As an ancient stone structure, possibly a victory monument, was discovered at Mbuye, these traditions are regarded as credible.", "After his army was defeated, ''mwami'' Nsoro Nyabarega of Bugesera fled north, and took refuge with Rwandan ''mwami'' Yuhi III Mazimpaka.", "When Ntare threatened to invade Rwanda unless Nsoro was extradited, the latter was expelled from the Rwandan capital but allowed to go free.In the late 18th century, a great drought affected both Rwanda and Burundi, whereas Bugesera was largely spared.", "''Mwami'' Ntare IV of Burundi responded to this crisis by invading Bugesera's southern heartland to capture new cattle and pastures for his realm.", "The Burundians heavily defeated the army of Bugesera, and then annexed the occupied territory.", "Meanwhile, opportunistic Rwandan herders moved into the remaining Bugeseran territory from the north; they encountered little resistance and were quickly able to seize a substantial area.", "According to one legend, the herders were actually inspired by a \"madman\" who rallied Rwanda's commoners to invade Bugesera because he felt that he had been cheated by Bugeseran traders.Realizing the extent of Bugesera's weakness, the Kingdom of Rwanda under ''mwami'' Sentabyo subsequently launched its own invasion and quickly captured the Bugeseran royal drum and royal herd.", "As these were the signs of authority of the monarch, their loss broke the Kingdom of Bugesera.", "The state collapsed and Rwanda annexed its remaining territory.", "The last Bugeseran monarch fled into exile; he later attempted to return, but was soon captured and executed.", "Historian Jan Vansina estimated that the Kingdom of Bugesera fell in 1799.The modern-day Bugesera District of Rwanda is named after the old kingdom." ], [ "Government and territory", "Shrubland in modern-day Bugesera District.", "This area was part of the kingdom's north; its dry savanna did not allow for a high population density.", "The ''mwami'' of Bugesera traditionally took the name \"Nsoro\".", "The Bahondongo were the state's royal clan.The Kingdom of Bugesera was located south of the rivers Akanyaru and Nyabarongo, and north of the Rurubu.", "To its west was the Kinyaga region.", "Its territory was mainly dominated by dry savanna and thus sparsely populated, though its southern area was more fertile.=== Known ''mwami'' ===As no reliable or chronological list of rulers can be established for Bugesera, the following monarchs are not necessarily in the right order or even historical figures:* Nsoro Bihembe* Nsoro Sangano* Muhoza* Rwagitare* Nsoro Nyabarega" ], [ "References", "=== Works cited ===* * * * * *" ], [ "Further reading", "* * * * *" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Tram with suspended articulation" ], [ "Introduction", "A tramcar with both end sections partly resting on the centre sectionA '''tram with a suspended articulation''' is a type of tram or streetcar architecture with one or more articulations being suspended unlike an articulation resting on a jacobs bogie.", "This is similar to a '''saddle mounted''' vehicle being towed.The shortest examples consist of two sections.", "One section on two axles or two bogies; the other section rests both on one bogie and the other section, similar to a semi-trailer.", "In the diagram to the right, the short centre section supports the two end sections.", "Each of the end sections rests on one bogie and also on the centre section.", "It is a popular tram/light rail architecture for vehicles in North America." ], [ "History", "Articulated tram ''GT3'' in Bremen''Type F'' in ViennaIn 1928 an experimental tram was constructed in Görlitz and then put into service in Dresden until the mid-1960s.", "This car was numbered 2501 and had three sections: the center section had four fixed wheels, both end sections had each only one adjustable axle.Genoa was the first city to have a series of trams of this type.", "From 1940 onwards 31 trams were built by combining older tramcars.", "The lay out was very simple: the front section had one four wheeled truck, the end sections followed like a semi-trailer and had one fixed axle at the rear.", "The ride comfort was rather poor.The first newly build series appeared in Bremen in 1956.The only difference with the type in Genoa was that the end car hand a one-axle bogie and therefore slight improved ride qualities.", "Vienna had an improved version of this type, with a two axle bogie at the end.", "This so-called ''Type F'' was longer than the version in Bremen and had a more streamlined design.=== Second generation ===The second generation of trams all have a pivoting bogie both at the front and the end side.", "This way the ride is much smoother when entering curves.", "The first to use this concept was the ''Mirage'' type in Zürich in 1966.The center rests on a set of four fixed wheels.=== Low floor designs ===The first modern low floor tram design also had floating articulations.", "Both Vevey and Duewag joined forces to create this tram type for the network in Geneva.", "Though the design didn't have an entirely low floor, as it was still 48 cm above the rail.", "The second type (being named TFS-2) has a similar setup as the ''Mirage'' trams for Zürich.", "Using floating articulations, Alstom was able to create a low floor (less than 35 cm high) over 60% of the tramcar length.", "Since the start of the Sheffield Supertram, it uses only vehicles with floating joints.", "This setup is used for the majority of LRVs in North America." ], [ "Gallery", "Type 9 on Reservoir yard leads, March 2022.JPG|Coupled Green line LRVs in Boston2-car Central Link train in Tukwila.jpg|Coupled LRVs in SeattleGreen Line train at Southwest 5th & Oak, June 2020 (cropped).jpg|Coupled Green line LRVs in PortlandSDT4046 (cropped).jpg|San Diego Trolley LRVMM tram at Wolverhampton.jpg|LRV in Birmingham (UK)20200729 Sheffield Supertram 203.jpg|Tram train in SheffieldSaint Petersburg tram 8111 2005-07 1122657423 Kronshtadtskaya street LVS-97.jpg|Tram in Saint PetersburgMelbourne Tram E-Class 6007.jpg|Tram in Melbourne" ], [ "See also", "* Articulated tram" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Elina Miyake Jackson" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Elina Miyake Jackson''', also known as Elina Miyake (三宅 エリナ, Miyake Elina), born on January 26, is a Japanese and Canadian actress.She was nominated for Best Actress at the Calgary Independent Film Festival for her role in the Soul Sucker chapter of the horror anthology film ''Creepy Bits'' released in 2021.Additionally, she has been cast alongside James Belushi and Martin Kove in the upcoming action film \"Fight Another Day.\"" ], [ "Early life", "Originating from Okayama, Japan, she developed an interest in Arnold Schwarzenegger at the age of 9, inspired by watching \"Terminator 2.\"", "This experience played a significant role in shaping her aspirations to pursue a career as an international actress.", "Following her high school graduation, she undertook a solo journey to Canada in 2012 with only 80,000 yen (approximately US$800 at the time) and little proficiency in English." ], [ "Filmography", "=== Film & Television ===* Creepy Bits (CBC, Bloody Disgusting TV (2021 to Present) as Lina Bishop* Fight Another Day (Release date to be announced) as Sakura Ishida* Age of Samurai: Battle for Japan (Netflix, February 24, 2021 - ) as Lady Nene=== Variety Show ===* Mirun e Come on!", "Nanshon?", "(OHK, November 7, 2023 - )=== Radio ===* Kagayaku Okayama Yume Girl (RadioMOMO, December 2, 2023)* Fresh Morning OKAYAMA (FM OKAYAMA, January 11, 2024)" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Official website*" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Wu Yishun" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Peter Wu Yishun''' (吴奕顺) is the current bishop of the Apostolic Prefecture of Shaowu in Fujian, China.", "Wu Yishun was born on December 7, 1964.He studied at Sheshan Seminary in Shanghai and was ordained to the priesthood on August 15th, 1992.He served in the Diocese of Xiamen and as a parish priest in the city of Nanping.", "He became head of the Apostolic Prefecture of Shaowuand the Apostolic Prefecture of Jian'ou.", "In January 2024, he was consecrated as bishop for Shaowu.", "His principal consecrator was Bishop Joseph Li Shan of the Archdiocese of Beijing.", "The Vatican reported that he was consecrated within the Sino-Vatican agreement.In 2021, prior to his episcopal consecration, Wu Yishun spoke in favour of the government's policy to sinicize the Catholic church in China." ], [ "References" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Anastase Manirambona" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Anastase Manirambona''' is a Burundian retired colonel and politician currently serving as an elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) since 2022.A member of the Eagle party - National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), he is a national secretary in charge of ideology, mobilization and diaspora.", "He was elected to the 5th session of East African Legislative Assembly running from 2022 to 2027." ], [ "References" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "The Birth of Salome" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''The Birth of Salome''''' (Italian: '''''La nascita di Salomè''''', Spanish: '''''El nacimiento de Salomé''''') is a 1940 Italian-Spanish comedy film directed by Jean Choux and starring Conchita Montenegro, Armando Falconi and Nerio Bernardi.", "It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome.", "The film's sets were designed by the art directors Giorgio Pinzauti and Ivo Battelli." ], [ "Cast", "* Conchita Montenegro as Deliah* Armando Falconi as \tAristobulo* Fernando Freyre de Andrade as \tMardocheo* Nerio Bernardi as \tIl re dei Parti* María Gámez as \tSalomè* Luis Peña as \tKadòr, l'ambasciatore* Primo Carnera as Il lottatore* Marika Spada as Un'ancella * Salvatore Furnari as \tIl nano* Emilio Gutiérrez * Miguel Pozanco\t* Giorgio Gentile\t* Iginia Armilli\t* Ugo Pozzi\t\t* Vanda Martínez\t* Alda Perosino\t* Loredana\t\t* Bebi Nucci \t* Tony D'Algy* Irene Caba Alba \t* José Portes" ], [ "References" ], [ "Bibliography", "* Goble, Alan.", "''The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film''.", "Walter de Gruyter, 1999.", "* Rège, Philippe.", "''Encyclopedia of French Film Directors, Volume 1''.", "Scarecrow Press, 2009." ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Alvania diadema" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Alvania diadema''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae." ], [ "Distribution", "Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata off Siena, Italy and in the Alpes-Maritimes, France." ], [ "References", "* Landau, B., R. Marquet & M. Grigis.", "(2004).", "The Early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain.", "Part 2: Orthogastropoda, Neotaenioglossa.", "Palaeontos.", "4: 1–108.", "* Chirli (C.) & Richard (C.), 2008 - Les Mollusques plaisanciens de la Côte d’Azur, p. 1-128, 5 figures" ], [ "External links", "* De Stefani, C. (1888).", "Iconografia dei nuovi molluschi pliocenici d'intorno Siena.", "Bullettino della Società malacologica italiana.", "13: 181-23" ] ]
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[ [ "Juan María Villatoro Medrano" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Juan María Villatoro Medrano''' was a Salvadoran congressman, attorney at law and notary." ], [ "Early life", "Juan María Villatoro Medrano was born June 24, 1847 in Hacienda Peñagorda, located in El Sauce, La Unión, El Salvador, his father was Eustaquio Villatoro Rubio of Castile and Leon ascendance and his mother Marcela Medrano Fuentes of Basque ascendance.", "Juan María married María de la Luz Aurora Rugama Tomé from Honduras on March, 1873, in San Salvador, El Salvador.", "They had nine children, his father, Eustaquio Villatoro Rubio; was the Mayor in 1856 of El Sauce, La Union, El Salvador.", "Juan María died on December 2nd, 1924, in San Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador, at the age of 77." ], [ "Political career", "Villatoro Medrano started his political career as congressman in 1868.Juan María Villatoro Medrano was congressman again of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador in 1888.Between 1869 an 1888 he was a deputy of the Ordinary Legislatures.He was a deputy during the Constitutional Assemblies of 1871 and 1872-1873; and in 1883, where he was a secretary to the board of directors.", "In August 1876, he served as 2nd Judge of San Miguel, and served as a substitute magistrate of the Court of Casación, and a Magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice of El Salvador (Dec. 1883, Jan. 1886 and in 1905) and Judge of San Miguel in September 1886." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "2022 League of Legends World Championship final" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2022 ''League of Legends'' World Championship Final''' was a ''League of Legends'' (''LoL'') esports series between T1 and DRX on 5 November 2022 at the Chase Center in San Francisco, California, United States.", "It marked the twelfth final of a ''LoL'' World Championship.", "Both T1 and DRX were two of four representatives from the League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) at the tournament, the others being Gen.G and DWG KIA.", "It was T1's first appearance in the final since the 2017 edition and the first time a play-in team made a tournament run to the final, with DRX starting their tournament from the play-in stage as the LCK's fourth seed, barely qualifying through the regional qualifiers.The series was a best of five and was played in front of 18,000 spectators, with 5.1 million concurrent peak viewers, which was the highest in the tournament's history at the time.", "The series ended 3–2 in favor of DRX after a back-and-forth five-game series, and was considered the completion of a Cinderella run by commentators, with many regarding it as one of the greatest finals in the history of League of Legends.DRX's top laner Hwang \"Kingen\" Seong-hoon earned Most Valuable Player honors.", "The series marked the first international victory for DRX and support Cho \"BeryL\" Geon-hee's second world championship, making him the only two active players alongside Lee \"Faker\" Sang-hyeok, who also played in the series in his fifth finals appearance, to have more than one world championship after winning the title with DWG KIA in 2020.It also marked the first world championship for ADC Kim \"Deft\" Hyuk-kyu, who was reportedly in his final year of professional play before eventually deciding to continue his playing career, and his second international title after winning the 2015 Mid-Season Invitational with Edward Gaming, whom DRX also faced en route to the finals and were the defending champions heading into Worlds." ], [ "Background", "A simplified representation of Summoner's Rift.", "The yellow paths are the \"lanes\" down which minions march; blue and red dots represent turrets.", "The fountains are the dark areas within each base, and are beside each Nexus.", "The dotted black line indicates the river.", "''League of Legends'' is a 2009 multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed by Riot Games.", "Each year, Riot hosts a World Championship (Worlds) featuring the most successful teams globally throughout the year-long season.", "The 2022 Worlds, the twelfth edition of the World Championship, as with its predecessors, was played on the map \"Summoner's Rift\", a play-field featuring three lanes defined by their locationtop, middle, and bottomand two jungle quadrants, mirrored diagonally down a neutral zone known as the river.", "Summoner's Rift is played by ten players, five per team, through an isometric perspective as players control characters, known as \"champions\", split between five roles respective on their location on the map: top, jungle, middle, attack damage carry, and support.", "The latter two are both played in the bottom lane.", "The two teams are referred to as red and blue.", "The red team spawns in the top right and the blue team spawns in the bottom left.In professional play, players choose their champions during champion select.", "This consists of four phases: banning phase and picking phase, both of which occur twice.", "The blue team starts, banning one champion at their discretion.", "This is then interchanged between the teams until six total champions have been banned, three per team.", "Blue side then picks their first champion, followed by red side selecting two champions before blue side completes the first phase of picking and banning by also locking in two champions.", "The teams then begin the second banning phase, starting with red side.", "The teams interchange until four additional champions have been banned, for a total of ten.", "Red side also initiates the second picking phase by selecting one champion.", "Blue side then responds by picking two champions before red side finalises the process by locking in the final champion.The ultimate goal of the game is to destroy the enemy team's Nexus.", "This is accomplished through leveling up and purchasing items with gold, the in-game currency.", "In the lanes there are turrets and inhibitors, defensive objectives for the opposing team to destroy, as well as a constant stream of minions that can be killed for gold and experience.", "Similarly, the jungle contains monsters that reward gold and experience upon defeating them.", "In the river, there are two major neutral objectives.", "The Rift Herald spawns on the top side of the river and on death, rewards the team with an active item that respawns the Rift Herald, dealing significant damage to the opposing team's defensive structures.", "At 20 minutes in, the Rift Herald disappears and is replaced by Baron Nashor.", "Baron Nashor provides the team that kills it with substantial buffs.", "On the bottom side of the map, dragons spawn.", "Random elemental dragons that provide small permanent buffs to the acquiring team continue to spawn until 35 minutes in, at which point the Elder Dragon will spawn that upon being slain, provides the team with a powerful temporary buff.", "Gold and experience points are also obtained through killing these neutral monsters." ], [ "Route to the final", "===T1===Faker in a January 2020 interview.Heading into the 2022 Worlds Final, T1 was in the midst of an international title drought since their last major international championship, that being the 2017 Mid-Season Invitational.", "The team's last Worlds title came during the 2016 edition, which was coincidentally the last Worlds to be held in North America, when T1, then known as SK Telecom T1, won their third world championship after beating Samsung Galaxy, 3–2.A year later, they failed to defend their title as they were defeated by the same team in a 3–0 sweep.", "Since then, the team won the 2019 League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) Spring and Summer Splits, as well as the 2020 Spring Split.", "However, T1 failed to make it to the finals of the 2019 Mid-Season Invitational, the 2019 and 2021 League of Legends World Championship, as well as not qualifying for the 2018 and 2020 editions of Worlds.", "In November 2020, T1 signed Ryu \"Keria\" Min-seok as their new support for the 2021 season, transferring from DRX.", "Around the same time, toplaner Choi \"Zeus\" Woo-je and jungler Mun \"Oner\" Hyeon-jun were called up from the T1 Academy to the main roster.", "ADC Lee \"Gumayusi\" Min-hyeong had been called up in November 2019.In early December 2021, T1 announced their roster for the 2022 LCK season.T1 was one of the most dominant teams throughout 2022, both domestically and internationally.", "In the LCK, they would go on a perfect 18–0 record in the 2022 Spring Split, qualifying outright to the semifinals.", "This was an achievement no other LCK team has accomplished until that point.", "In the playoffs, T1 would complete the sweep against Kwangdong Freecs in the semifinals before beating Gen.G in the finals with a scoreline of 3–1 to win the Spring Split.", "T1's victory qualified them for the 2022 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI), which would be hosted by South Korea.", "In that tournament, T1 would finish the group stage with another perfect record of 6–0, qualifying them for the tournament's rumble stage.", "In the rumble stage, T1 had a mixed start, going 2–2 in their first four games before winning five of their last six games to finish the rumble stage as the second seed with a 7–3 win-loss slate.", "In the semifinals, T1 beat G2 Esports with a 3–0 sweep to qualify for their first MSI Final since the 2017 edition of the event.", "However, they would suffer a 2–3 defeat to League of Legends Pro League (LPL) representative Royal Never Give Up in the finals.", "In the Summer Split, T1 would finish as the second seed with a 15–3 win-loss record, qualifying them outright for the semifinals where they would beat DWG KIA with a 3–2 series win.", "However, the team would suffered a 3–0 sweep in the finals against Gen.G.", "Despite the loss, T1 garnered the most championship points, giving them an outright qualification to the 2022 World Championship.", "This would mark T1's eighth Worlds appearance and their third as T1.In the group stage, T1 was seeded into Group A alongside defending champions Edward Gaming, Fnatic, and Cloud9.After their win over EDG in their first game of the tournament, they suffered a loss to Fnatic in their next game.", "However, T1 finished the group stage on a four-game winning streak, topping the group with a 5–1 win-loss record.", "Having advanced from groups into the knockout stage, T1 avenged their MSI 2022 finals loss against Royal Never Give Up in the quarterfinals, 3–2, before beating JD Gaming with a 3–1 series win to advance to their fifth ''League of Legends'' World Championship Final.===DRX===Deft during an interview before the start of 2022 Worlds.Prior to the 2020s, DRX had won two League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles — 2017 Summer as \"Longzhu Gaming\" and 2018 Spring as \"Kingzone DragonX\", a runner-up finish at the 2018 Mid-Season Invitational and a quarterfinal appearance at the 2017 League of Legends World Championship.", "However, with the turn of a new decade, also came struggles for the team, both domestically and internationally.", "Despite another runner-up finish at the 2020 Summer Split, DRX failed to make it past the quarterfinals in three splits from 2021 to 2022.Moreover, the team suffered a 2–16 record in the 2021 Summer Split, a far cry from their Spring Split performance in the same year where they finished with a 9–9 win-loss slate.", "After the 2021 season, the team saw a major roster change, as Cho \"BeryL\" Geon-hee, previously of DWG KIA and was coming off two consecutive Worlds finals appearances, joined as their new support.", "Veteran ADC Kim \"Deft\" Hyuk-kyu would return for his second stint with the team, transferring from Hanwha Life Esports, and Kim \"Zeka\" Geon-woo joined as the team new midlaner, transferring from the LPL's Bilibili Gaming.", "All three players would join toplaner Hwang \"Kingen\" Seong-hoon and jungler Hong \"Pyosik\" Chang-hyeon for the 2022 LCK season, the latter of which was the longest-tenured player in the team at the time.The newly revamped roster would have a slow start to the 2022 Spring Split, losing their first three games before nailing their first victory of the split against Kwangdong Freecs.", "However, despite eventually finishing fourth with an 11–7 win-loss record, DRX would lose to the same team in the quarterfinals, 2–3.After the Spring Split and the 2022 Mid-Season Invitational, the Summer Split commenced.", "Here, DRX would finish the first two weeks with an undefeated record, eventually finishing with a 9–9 win-loss slate.", "The team would once again reach the quarterfinals as the 6th seed, but they suffered a 1–3 defeat to Liiv Sandbox.", "After the domestic season, DRX still had a chance to make it to the 2022 World Championship through the LCK Regional Finals, which determined the third and fourth seeds from the LCK to qualify for Worlds.", "The team was placed in the lower-bracket semifinal against KT Rolster and won with a result of 3–2, before beating Liiv Sandbox in the lower-bracket final with a similar scoreline to notch the last LCK spot in the tournament.", "This would mark the team's third Worlds appearance and their second as DRX, having qualified for the 2017 edition as \"Longzhu Gaming.", "\"DRX was seeded into Group B in the play-in stage alongside 2022 MSI champions Royal Never Give Up, MAD Lions, Saigon Buffalo, Isurus, and Istanbul Wildcats.", "With dominant performances from players such as Zeka, DRX finished first in their group, qualifying them for the group stage with an undefeated 5–0 record.", "The team was then placed in Group B of the group stage, alongside Top Esports, Rogue, and GAM Esports.", "Despite a loss to Rogue in their opening match, the team went on a four-game winning streak before losing to TES in their final game, setting up a tiebreaker match between Rogue and DRX, with the latter winning to secure the top spot in the group, qualifying for the quarterfinals.", "Having progressed into the knockout stage, DRX pulled off a reverse sweep against then-defending champions Edward Gaming in the quarterfinals, before beating fellow LCK team Gen.G in the semifinals with a 3–1 series win to reach the 2022 ''League of Legends'' World Championship Final, setting up an all-LCK final against T1." ], [ "Background and pre-series", "The Chase Center in San Francisco during a Golden State Warriors game in December 2019.T1 and DRX were alongside Gen.G and DWG KIA in representing the LCK.", "This series marked the first time Faker and Deft had faced each other in the Worlds Finals, as both players attended the same school during their high school years in Mapo High School, with Faker making his fifth appearance and Deft making his first.", "Moreover, this series was also DRX's first appearance in the finals, despite them having made two quarterfinal appearances in past World Championships.", "The Finals were a best-of-five series, with the first team to win a total of three games being crowned the champions.The series was held on 5 November 2022 at the Chase Center in San Francisco, California, United States.", "In November 2021, Riot Games announced the venue as the host of the finals before a Golden State Warriors home game against the Toronto Raptors.", "The event was livestreamed via Twitch.tv and YouTube, as well as through the official LoL Esports website.", "Prior to the commencement of the games, Riot held an opening ceremony featuring performances from musical artists that had collaborated with League of Legends throughout the year.", "This began at 17:00 local time (UTC−08:00).", "The ceremony began with Edda Hayes performing \"The Call,\" as the T1 and DRX players were initially presented to the crowd.", "The song was released in conjunction with the start of the game's twelfth season.", "This was immediately followed by Jackson Wang, performing \"Fire to the Fuse,\" a collaborative track between 88rising and League of Legends.", "Finally, the 2022 World Championship promotion song \"Star Walkin\" was performed by Lil Nas X, with the T1 and DRX players being presented once more to the crowd along with the Summoner's Cup at the center of the stage as the opening ceremony concluded.", "Throughout the ceremony, holographic projections were cast onto several portions of the stage.The English streams were cast by Clayton \"CaptainFlowers\" Raines, Marc \"Caedrel\" Lamont, and Sam \"Kobe\" Hartman-Kenzler.", "The Korean streams were cast by Chun \"Caster Jun\" Yong-jun, Lee \"CloudTemplar\" Hyun-woo, Kang \"KangQui\" Seung-hyeon, and Jo \"CoreJJ\" Yong-in.===Team line-ups===Neither team made any line-up changes going into the finals.", "T1's coaches were Bae \"Bengi\" Seong-woong and Kim \"moment\" Ji-hwan, while DRX's coaches were Kim \"Ssong\" Sang-soo and Lee \"Mowgli\" Jae-ha.", "Role T1 DRXTopChoi \"Zeus\" Woo-jeHwang \"Kingen\" Seong-hoonJungleMun \"Oner\" Hyeon-junHong \"Pyosik\" Chang-hyeonMiddleLee \"Faker\" Sang-hyeokKim \"Zeka\" Geon-wooADCLee \"Gumayusi\" Min-hyeongKim \"Deft\" Hyuk-kyuSupportRyu \"Keria\" Min-seokCho \"BeryL\" Geon-hee" ], [ "Series", "===Game 1===+Game 1 Team Compositions RoleT1DRXTopYoneAatroxJungleLee SinViegoMiddleAzirSylasADCVarusSivirSupportRenata GlascHeimerdingerThe champion selection phase for the first game commenced shortly after the conclusion of the opening ceremony.", "T1 were on blue side which gave them the opportunity to ban and pick the first champions of the game.", "In the first banning phase, T1 opted to ban Akali, Sejuani, and Ashe, while DRX banned Yuumi; a champion that had a perfect win rate throughout the tournament; Lucian; and Caitlyn.", "Following the first ban phase, T1 first picked Varus, for Gumayusi who had won every game he's played when picking the said champion leading up to the finals.", "DRX responded by picking Aatrox; for Kingen; and Viego; for Pyosik.", "For the remaining picks of the first pick phase, T1 chose Yone for Zeus; a pick meant to counter the Aatrox selection; and Renata Glasc for Keria, and DRX chose Sylas for Zeka as their final pick.", "Before the second pick phase, DRX banned Ryze and Graves, and T1 banned Rell and Ezreal.", "As DRX were on red side, they got the first pick of the second pick phase, selecting Heimerdinger for BeryL.", "For their last two draft selections, T1 selected Lee Sin; for Oner; and Azir; for Faker, the latter of which as a counter to DRX's selections in top and jungle and was Faker's best champion in the tournament heading into the finals.", "DRX's last pick was Sivir for Deft.Game 1 ended in 31:10 minutes, with a final kill scoreline of 15–5, in favour of T1.===Game 2===+Game 2 Team Compositions RoleDRXT1TopCamilleAatroxJungleViegoGravesMiddleSylasViktorADCVarusAsheSupportHeimerdingerLuxFor the first banning phase of the second game, DRX chose to ban Lucian for the second time, Ryze, and Renata Glasc; while T1 opted to ban Yuumi, Caitlyn for the second straight game, and Sejuani, also for the second straight matchup.", "As DRX were on blue side for the first time in the match, they got the first pick of the first picking phase, locking in Varus for Deft.", "T1 responded by picking Ashe for Gumayusi; a champion that was banned by T1 in the first game; and Aatrox for Zeus.", "For their last two picks before the second banning phase, DRX chose Heimerdinger for BeryL for the second-straight game, and Camille for Kingen.", "T1 concluded the first picking phase by selecting Lux for Keria.", "DRX then banned Nocturne and Azir, who was played by Faker in the first game; getting the highest K/D/A of 6/1/4; and T1 banned Akali and Kindred, the latter being the champion Pyosik has a perfect win rate at this point in the tournament until DRX's defeat in Game 1.T1, now on red side; chose Graves for Oner; and DRX selected Viego for Pyosik; another champion whom he had a perfect record with in the tournament leading up to the finals; and Sylas for Zeka.", "T1's final pick of the draft was Viktor for Faker.Game 2 was the longest game of the series, ending after 46:11 minutes, with a close final kill scoreline of 17–13, in favour of DRX.===Game 3===+Game 3 Team Compositions RoleT1DRXTopGragasOrnnJungleGravesViegoMiddleAzirSylasADCVarusKalistaSupportKarmaRenata GlascThe first banning phase of Game 3 was similar to that of the first game, with T1 opting to ban Akali, Sejuani, and Ashe; while DRX banned Yuumi, Lucian, and Caitlyn, who remains banned at this point in the series for the third consecutive time.", "Now at blue side once again, T1 selected Varus for Gumayusi for the second time in the match.", "DRX countered with two bottom lane picks; Kalista for Deft and Renata Glasc for BeryL, the first time both champions were paired in the series.", "For their final two selections before the second banning phase, T1 locked in Azir for Faker; a champion critical in their team's Game 1 victory; and Karma for Keria.", "For the third consecutive game, Sylas was picked by DRX for Zeka.", "T1 then banned Aatrox; a champion Kingen had a 3–1 record in the tournament until their Game 1 loss; and Kindred; whom Pyosik has a perfect win rate on.", "Meanwhile, DRX opted to ban Yone and Lee Sin.", "Beginning the second picking phase, DRX selected Viego; for Pyosik; to which T1 would respond by selecting Graves; for Oner; considered a counter to DRX's low-range composition; and Gragas; for Zeus.", "DRX then locked in Ornn; for Kingen; matching the Gragas as top-lane tanks.Game 3 ended in 32:11 minutes, with a tied final kill scoreline of 12-12.===Game 4===+Game 4 Team Compositions RoleDRXT1TopAatroxFioraJungleMaokaiSejuaniMiddleAzirAkaliADCVarusKalistaSupportRenata GlascSorakaT1 were at match point and a win would seal their fourth World championship.", "Returning to blue side, DRX again had the opportunity to ban and pick the first champions of the game.", "In the first banning phase, DRX banned Lucian, Ashe, and Ryze; a champion Faker has used in two victories in T1's semifinal win over JD Gaming with a KDA of 3.0.For T1, they opted to ban Caitlyn; for the fourth consecutive game; Yuumi, and Heimerdinger.", "DRX began the first picking phase, selecting Varus for Deft; a champion that has not lost a game and has been a crucial selection for both teams at this point in the series.", "T1 responded by locking in Kalista for Gumayusi; and Sejuani for Oner; meant to deny Pyosik a champion that pairs well with other champions such as Aatrox and Akali.", "For their final pick before the second banning phase, DRX selected Renata Glasc for BeryL; as a response to the Kalista pick; and Azir for Zeka.", "For their final selection before the second banning phase, T1 picked Soraka for Keria, which casters described as a \"utility\" pick.", "Before the second pick phase, DRX banned Viktor and Yone; limiting Faker to a melee champion and denying Zeus a counter to Aatrox; while T1 banned Kindred and Viego; the latter of which Pyosik has used in all three games.", "T1 then selected Akali for Faker, to which DRX responded by picking Aatrox for Kingen; and Maokai for Pyosik; meant to counter T1's picks in both middle and bottom lanes.", "Fiora was T1's final selection; for Zeus.Game 4 was the shortest game of the series, ending at only 28:44 minutes, with a tied final kill scoreline of 14–4, in favour of DRX.===Game 5===+Game 5 Team Compositions RoleT1DRXTopGwenAatroxJungleViegoHecarimMiddleViktorAzirADCVarusCaitlynSupportKarmaBardHeading into Game 5, no team has won a game from red side.", "As they were on the said side in Game 4, T1 was on blue side whilst DRX was in red.", "The first banning phase saw T1 opting to ban Akali, Heimerdinger, and Renata Glasc, while DRX banned Yuumi, Lucian, and Lux in a surprising move.", "It was the first time in the series that Caitlyn was not banned by either team.", "In the first picking phase, T1 selected Karma for Keria.", "DRX responded by locking in Azir for Zeka; Faker's best champion; and Caitlyn for Deft, a champion he has a perfect win rate on and as a response to the Karma selection; leading the casters to speculate an impending surprise support pick for DRX.", "For their next two picks, T1 selected Varus for Gumayusi and Viktor for Faker.", "Concluding the first picking phase was DRX picking Aatrox for Kingen, a champion he has used twice at this point in the series.", "For their final two bans, DRX banned Yone and Lee Sin, while T1 banned Sejuani and Kindred; the latter of which was described as a \"pocket pick\" for Pyosik.", "For the second picking phase, DRX locked in Bard for BeryL in a surprising selection; as a counter to the immobility of T1's selections in both middle and bottom lanes.", "In their final two picks, T1 chose Viego for Oner and Gwen for Zeus; and DRX locked in Hecarim for Pyosik to round out the draft.", "The final two selections were met by loud cheers from the audience at the Chase Center.Game 5 was the second game of the series to reach 40+ minutes, ending at 42:09 minutes, with a final kill scoreline of 19–10, in favour of DRX, who would win their first world championship title." ], [ "Post-series", "The tournament had a base prize pool of US$2.225 million.", "Of this, the winners, DRX, received 22% ($489,500) of the pool.", "For coming second, T1 was rewarded 15% ($333,750).", "As with previous world champions, DRX worked directly with Riot's visual department to release skins for their chosen champions, with one per player.", "The skins imitate the team's design, hence DRX's skins were mostly colored in blue and showed its logo on recall animations, as well as signatures from each player.", "The chosen champions were Aatrox, picked by Kingen; Kindred, picked by Pyosik; Malphite, Akali by Zeka; Caitlyn, picked by Deft; Ashe, picked by BeryL; and Maokai, picked by Lee \"Juhan\" Ju-han, the team's substitute jungler who made two appearances for the team during the play-in stage, meeting Riot Games' criteria.", "He also made an appearance in DRX's first group stage match against Rogue.", "For the first time, a prestige skin was also released with Kingen's Aatrox, commemorating his Finals MVP award during the tournament.In the build-up to the 2023 ''League of Legends'' World Championship, which South Korea hosted, Riot Games released the tournament's promotional song, \"Gods\" (stylized in caps), which was performed by South Korean girl group NewJeans.", "The song's music video featured Deft as the main protagonist, showcasing his past World Championship stints up until the 2022 edition, famously showing him facing his former teammates on his road to the world championship (Tian \"Meiko\" Ye in EDG, Choi \"Doran\" Hyeon-joon in Gen.G, and Ryu \"Keria\" Min-seok in T1).In the following season, DRX would fail to qualify for the 2023 edition of Worlds after losing to Dplus KIA (formerly known as DWG KIA) in the 2023 LCK Regional Finals.", "Weeks after the 2022 Worlds Final, DRX announced that the contracts of Kingen, Pyosik, Zeka, Deft, and BeryL had expired.", "Deft would stay in the LCK, joining Dplus KIA for the 2023 season, as well as Kingen and Zeka, both joining Hanwha Life Esports.", "Pyosik moved to the League Championship Series in North America, joining Team Liquid.", "BeryL was the only player to resign with DRX for the following season, while Juhan also stayed with the team.", "However, heading into the 2024 LCK season, three former members of the DRX squad teamed up once again as Deft, Pyosik, and BeryL all signed with KT Rolster.T1 kept the same roster for the 2023 LCK season, finishing as runners-up in both Spring and Summer Splits and making the semifinals of the 2023 Mid-Season Invitational in London.", "Despite not winning a domestic title, the team would have the most championship points, securing qualification for the 2023 edition of Worlds.", "T1 would finish their group Swiss stage campaign with a 3–1 record, losing only to the LCK's first seed, Gen.G in the 1-0 bracket.", "Having qualified for the knockout stage, T1 went through teams from China's ''League of Legends'' Pro League (LPL), sweeping LNG Esports 3–0 in the quarterfinals, defeating 2023 MSI champions JD Gaming in the semifinals, 3–1, in a rematch from the last tournament, and scoring another sweep against Weibo Gaming in the finals, 3–0, to win their record-extending fourth world championship in their sixth finals appearance.", "Top-laner Choi \"Zeus\" Woo-je would earn Finals MVP honors in the tournament.", "T1 was also famously the only team from the LCK to qualify for the semifinals, as fellow quarterfinalists Gen.G and KT Rolster failed to advance, losing to Bilibili Gaming and JD Gaming, respectively." ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Alvania euphrosine" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Alvania euphrosine''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae." ], [ "Description", "The length of the shell attains 3.4 mm, its diameter 2 mm." ], [ "Distribution", "Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata off Siena, Italy." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* De Stefani, C. (1888).", "Iconografia dei nuovi molluschi pliocenici d'intorno Siena.", "Bullettino della Società malacologica italiana.", "13: 181-23" ] ]
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[ [ "Kezimana Cathy" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Kezimana Cathy''' (born 17 November 1978 in ijenda, Mugongo-Manga) is a Burundian economist and opposition politician of the National Congress for Freedom (CNL).", "She currently serves as an elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) from Burundi.", "She was arrested and detained by the police during the 2020 general elections in Burundi on the charges of incitement to violence." ], [ "Education and career", "Kezimana Cathy was born in ijenda, Mugongo-Manga commune in Bujumbura province.", "She attended University of Lake Tanganyika where she earned a bachelor's degree in economic and social administration.", "After graduation she spent 10 years working with non-governmental organisations and another 10 years as an entrepreneur before going into politics in 2004 as a member of Palipehutu Fnl which later became the CNL party.", "She was elected a deputy to the Burundi parliament in 2020 on the ticket of CNL.", "During the election campaign, the police in a clampdown on opposition figures arrested and detained her in Mpimba prison on the allegations of insulting the administrator of the Mugongomanga commune and incitement of opposition supporters to violence.", "Kathy was elected to the 5th session of the East African Legislative Assembly running from 2022 to 2027." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Iron Gate III Hydroelectric Power Station" ], [ "Introduction", "Widening of the Danube at Golubac, before it narrows in the direction of Dobra, the planned location of Đerdap III'''Iron Gate III''' or '''Đerdap III''' () is a planned reversible power plant on the Danube in Serbia, near the village of Dobra in the Golubac municipality.", "It would be the third Iron Gate hydroelectric power plants, after Iron Gate I in 1972 and Iron Gate II in 1985.Unlike the first two, which were joint projects of Yugoslavia and Romania, this one will be located only on Serbian territory." ], [ "Original project", "Plans for the third dam were drafted in 1973 by the Energoprojekt holding and Jaroslav Černi Institute.", "Selected location was the village of Dobra, in the Golubac municipality, at the Danube's .", "Iron Gate III was planned as the reversible power plant, which would pump water into the uphill reservoirs on the Brodica, Pesača and Železnički Potok localities.", "The tunnels were to lift water from the altitude of (Danube level), to (uphill reservoirs).", "The reservoirs would also accept water from the neighboring streams and collect a total of of water.", "All reservoirs would be connected with tunnels, from (Pesača-Vodostan) to long (Brodica-Pesača).", "In total, after three phases of construction, the power plant would have a total installed capacity of 2,400 MW.The studies were conducted into the 1980s, and the terrain was surveyed and measured, as it is made of karst.", "Apart from Yugoslavia and Romania, representatives of the electric companies from USSR and West Germany also participated in the surveys.", "Romania was to build a similar facility on its side of the river.", "Both states also planned additional power plants of 120 MW adjoining the third dams, which were to function only during the high-water levels, accepting the water surplus.", "Besides the Iron Gate III dam, Yugoslavia also planned additional reversible power plant \"Bistrica\" (680 MW), built in the hills above the existing Bistrica power station on the Lim river.", "If built at the time, the Iron Gate III and Bistrica plants would make 37% of Serbian electricity production capacity in 2021." ], [ "Revival", "In August 2021, the construction was tentatively announced for 2022, having a major role in Serbian transition to renewable energy sources, though the price was set to \"several billion euros\".", "Other projects were also announced, which experts consider more feasible due to the Iron Gate 3's high price and complex system.", "Also, with other projects being finished first, the Iron Gate 3 would exceed Serbian needs in electricity, so they proposed that project should be a regional and interstate one.", "The complex will be completed in three phases, and when finished, it will produce 484 GWh of electricity per year.", "In September 2021, U.S. company Bechtel expressed interest in building the dam, and the meeting between Bechtel's president Stu Jones, Serbian energy minister Zorana Mihajlović, and US ambassador to Serbia Christopher R. Hill was held on 1 August 2022.By the end of the year, Serbian government allocated €1.5 billion in the 2022 budget for the construction of Iron Gate 3, or half of the total projected costs.", "The government also stated that a foreign, strategic partner will be needed.", "It is expected to be either some Chinese company (as they built numerous large infrastructure objects already), or the Russian one, as the Russians are already revitalizing the Iron Gate I dam.", "The construction is estimated to last for three to five years, in, now expanded four phases (I - 600 MW/2 billion KWh; II - 1.200 MW/3.1 billion MWh; III - 1.800 MW/5.2 billion KWh).", "After the final, phase IV, total capacity will reach 2.400 MW and annual production is estimated to 7.6 billion KWh.", "The power plant would be operational only at night." ], [ "See also", "* Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station* Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station* List of power stations in Serbia" ], [ "External links", "* Djerdap III hydroelectrical plant at Global Energy Monitor wiki" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Alvania thalia" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Alvania thalia''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", ";Varieties:* † ''Alvania thalia var.", "exbrevis'' Sacco, 1895 * † ''Alvania thalia var.", "subacingulata'' Sacco, 1895" ], [ "Description", "The length of the shell attains 4.9 mm, its diameter 1.8 mm." ], [ "Distribution", "Fossils of this marine species were found in Pliocene strata off Siena, Italy." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* De Stefani, C. (1888).", "Iconografia dei nuovi molluschi pliocenici d'intorno Siena.", "Bullettino della Società malacologica italiana.", "13: 181-23* Glibert, M. (1962).", "Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cénozoïque étranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique.", "Première partie.", "Cyclophoridae à Stiliferidae (inclus).", "Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgiques, Mémoires.", "Deuxième série.", "69: 1-305" ] ]
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[ [ "Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Public Works (Prussia)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Public Works''' was a ministry in Prussia that was founded in 1848.Its beginnings date back to 1740.In 1878 it became the '''Ministry of Trade and Commerce''' by spinning off the '''Ministry of Public Works''', which was dissolved in 1921; the responsibilities were transferred back to the Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forestry and of Trade and Commerce.", "In 1932 it became the Ministry of Economy and Labor." ], [ "History", "Seal of Royal Prussian Ministry of Trade and Commerce In 1740, the Prussian King Frederick II founded the \"Department for Factories, Commerce and Manufacturing\" when he took office, which corresponded to a ministry of economics in the administrative structure at the time.", "The responsible ministers (who, however, usually covered other areas of responsibility) were also called Trade Ministers.", "There were corresponding ministers before, but they were responsible for many areas.In the first half of the 19th century, this area of responsibility was managed as a department (section) of the Ministry of the Interior.", "However, several section heads already had the title of Minister or were referred to as Trade Ministers by their contemporaries.On April 17, 1848, an independent ministry was formed, the official name of which was the Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Public Works.The service building was the former gold and silver factory in Berlin's Friedrichstadt, Wilhelmstrasse 79.In 1854–1855, the building was expanded by another floor according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler, and in 1868 the adjacent new building at Wilhelmstrasse 80 was added.On April 17, 1878, the Public Works, including infrastructure and construction administration, was spun off as the Ministry of Public Works, leaving the Ministry of Trade and Commerce.", "However, both ministries were run concurrently until 1879.===Post World War I===In 1917 the Reich Economic Office was established and, in 1919, the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs was created.", "By law of August 15, 1921, the Ministry of Public Works was dissolved.", "Its responsibilities, including the remaining responsibilities for the railway system, largely fell back to the Ministry of Commerce, which at that time was called the Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forestry and of Trade and Commerce.", "The state construction administration was ultimately affiliated to the Ministry of Finance, as was already the case in other German states.In 1932, the name Ministry of Economics and Labor was introduced under the Prussian coup d'état ()." ], [ "List of ministers" ], [ "See also", "*Reich Ministry of Transport" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "List of francophone communities in British Columbia" ], [ "Introduction", "This is a '''list of francophone communities in British Columbia'''.", "Municipalities with a high percentage of French-speakers in the Canadian province of British Columbia are listed.The provincial average of British Columbians whose mother tongue is French is 1.2%, with a total of 57,420 people in British Columbia who identify French as their mother tongue in 2021.While several communities in these have sizeable French minorities, no municipalities have francophone majorities.", "The majority of Franco-Columbians reside in communities within the southwest coast of British Columbia (including the Lower Mainland).", "The rest of Franco-Columbians resided in Vancouver Island and the central coast of British Columbia or in the Okanagan-Thompson region.", "Municipality Type County, district, or regional municipality Total population Percentage of population whose mother tongue is French Colwood City Capital 18,961 2% Comox Town Comox Valley 14,028 3% Courtenay City Comox Valley 28,420 2% Cumberland Village Comox Valley 4,447 2% Esquimalt District municipality Capital 17,533 3% Fernie City East Kootenay 6,320 3% Golden Town Columbia Shuswap 3,986 4% Invermere District municipality East Kootenay 3,917 3% Kaslo Village Central Kootenay 1,049 3% Keremeos Village Okanagan-Similkameen 1,608 2% Kitimat District municipality Kitimat-Stikine 8,236 2% Lions Bay Village Greater Vancouver 1,390 2% Mackenzie District municipality Fraser-Fort George 3,281 2% Nelson City Central Kootenay 11,106 3% Osoyoos Town Okanagan-Similkameen 5,556 3% Pemberton Village Squamish-Lillooet 3,407 5% Powell River City qathet 13,943 2% Radium Hot Springs Village East Kootenay 1,339 3% Revelstoke City Columbia Shuswap 8,275 5% Rossland City Kootenay Boundary 4,140 4% Squamish District municipality Squamish-Lillooet 23,819 3% Tofino District municipality Alberni-Clayoquot 2,516 4% Ucluelet District municipality Alberni-Clayoquot 2,066 3% Whistler Resort municipality Squamish-Lillooet 13,982 4%A number of small municipalities also have high francophone populations.", "Small francophone-minority municipalities include: Becher Bay (2%), Canal Flats (8%), Cayoosh Creek (8%), Chopaka (6%), Daajing Giids (2%), Esowista (6%), Greenwood (2%), Hazelton (2%), Lytton (2%), Matsqui (2%), Port Alice (2%), Priest's Valley (4%), Slocan (5%), Stewart (3%), Switsemalph (2%), T'Sou-ke (2%) and Tahsis (6%)." ], [ "See also", "*Geographical distribution of French speakers*List of municipalities in British Columbia*Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Adib Qaddoura" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Adib Qaddoura''' (Arabic: ) is a Syrian actor who achieved the status of a sex symbol in Syria, often mentioned alongside Ighraa.", "One of his most notable roles was in \"The Cheetah\".", "He also made notable appearances in Italian cinema." ], [ "Early life", "Born in Palestine to a family with both Syrian and Palestinian heritage." ], [ "Acting career", "Initially focusing on figurative art, he ventured into the realms of décor and later transitioned into the field of theatre.", "His breakthrough came in 1972 when he was discovered and introduced by the director Nabil Maleh.", "A prolific career in the theatre followed, with notable contributions to plays such as \"The Days We Forget,\" \"The Angel Landed in Babylon,\" and \"The Tragedy of Guevara.\"", "His extensive resume includes over 60 television series, 37 films, and notable appearances in Italian cinema.", "In Italy, director Tueni organized a symposium where critics, directors, and artists from academic institutes analyzed Adib Qaddoura's facial expressions in three-dimensional shots.", "This unique ability led to his involvement in Italian films.", "During an international film festival, a Swiss film critic inquired about the writer, and playwright Mahmoud Diab praised Qaddoura, likening him to the Anthony Quinn of Syria." ], [ "Personal life", "He got married and has seven children." ], [ "Filmography", "* Blazing Nights (1960)* Torment Journey (1972)* A Woman of Fire (1971)* The Cheetah (1972)* The World in 2000 (1972)* Another Face of Love (1973)* Remains of Pictures (1973)* One Man Wanted (1973)* Liberation Knights (1974)* Jewels James Bond (1974)* Girls for Love (1974)* The Loving Gypsy (1974)* The Shame (1974)* No Time for Deception (1975)* Beauty and the Four Eyes (1975)* The Belle & the Space Conqueror (1975)* Night of Men (1976)* Forbidden Love (1976)* Lovers on the Road (1977)* Love and Winter (1977)* Earth Wedding (1978)* Shajar Al-Durr (1979)* Fake Love (1980) * Khalil's father (1980)* Ezz Al Din Al Qassam (1981)* Tragedy of a Middle Eastern Girl (1983)* Love's Revenge (1983)* Harvest Years (1985)* Eastern Girl (1986)* Sisban Wolfs (1987)* A Woman Who Doesn't Know Despair (1987)* The Orphan (1988)* Lost in Disappointed Eyes (1989)* Valley of the Deers (1990)* Sand Maiden (1990)* Arab Biography (1992)* The Outsider (1992)* Dulama's Father's Anecdotes (1993)* Tears of Asayel (1994)* Gun Smoke (1994)* Oleander Mornings (1995)* The Snake (1995)* We Were Friends (1996)* Hill of Ash (1997)* Under the Blue Sky (1997)* Yaqut (1998)* Mot'eb (1998)* Travel (1998)* Mazar District (1999)* Night Horse (1999)* Winter Flowers (1999)* Mystery Tales (2000)* The Charm of the East (2001)* Omar El Khayyam (2002)* Edge of the Abyss (2002)* Playing with the Bad Guys (2002)* Midnight Nightmares (2003)* The Finish Line (2003)* Story of a Mother (2003)* Mother Of Hashem (2003)* The Candle and the Pin (2003)* My God (2005)* Return My Morning (2006)" ], [ "Awards", "In 1976, he was nominated for Best Actor by the Syrian newspaper Al-Thawra through a public referendum.", "In 1979, a similar nomination for Best Arab Actor came from the Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustour.", "His international recognition continued in 1980 when he received a nomination for Best Actor from Asia and Africa at the Carthage Film Festival." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Irani (footballer)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Irani Pereira de Brito''' (1 March 1976 – 31 December 2020), simply known as '''Irani''', was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward." ], [ "Career", "Great highlight of the 1997 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Jr. for Sport, Irani made history due to the final of the 1998 Pernambucano Championship, where he scored two goals.", "He won a three times the state championship in addition to the 2000 Copa do Nordeste." ], [ "Honours", ";Sport*Copa do Nordeste: 2000*Campeonato Pernambucano: 1998, 1999, 2000" ], [ "Death", "Irani died on 31 December 2020, at Getúlio Vargas Hospital in Recife, a victim of COVID-19." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Irani at ogol.com.br" ] ]
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[ [ "1929 Iowa Wesleyan Tigers football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1929 Iowa Wesleyan Tigers football team''' was an American football team that represented Iowa Wesleyan College—later known as Iowa Wesleyan University—as a member of the Iowa Conference during the 1929 college football season.", "Led by fourth-year head coach Glen Bingham, the Tigers compiled an perfect overall record of 8–0 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the Iowa Conference title." ], [ "Schedule" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Emmanuel Sinzohagera" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Emmanuel Sinzohagera''' is a Burundian politician and the current president of the Senate of Burundi.", "A member of the ruling party, National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD), Sinzohagera was elected senate president on 25 August 2020." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Danny Ionescu" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Danny Ionescu''' () is an aquatic microbial ecologist currently affiliated with the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries.", "His primary research focus centers around the biology of giant bacteria and microbial life in the Dead Sea." ], [ "Education and career", "Between 2000 and 2003, Ionescu earned a BSc degree in Marine Sciences and Marine Environmental Sciences from the School of Marine Sciences at the Ruppin Academic Center in Israel.His academic journey continued with a master's degree between 2003 and 2005, conducted under the guidance of Prof. Aharon Oren at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in collaboration with Prof. Karlheinz Altendorf and Dr. Andre Lipski at the University of Osnabrueck in Germany.", "His Master's thesis, titled \"Characterization of an endoevaporitic microbial community in the Eilat salterns by fatty acid analysis and stable isotope labeling\", reflected his research focus during this period.=== Ph.D. and Postdoctoral Research ===In 2005, Ionescu embarked on a Ph.D. degree at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as part of the peace project \"Bridging the Rift\", in collaboration with Prof. Muna Hindiyeh and Prof. Mohhamad Wedyan.", "His doctoral thesis was titled \"Cyanobacterial Biogeography and Nitrogen Fixation: Lessons from environmental and model organisms\".During his first postdoctoral research, starting in 2009, at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Ionescu led the first scientific diving exploration of the Dead Sea.", "Four photographs of a series of underwater fresh water springs found in the Dead Sea, approximately 1.8 km west of Mitzpe Shalem, in 2010 by Danny IonescuThe expedition revealed abundant microbial life forms in and around underwater freshwater springs.", "The underwater scenery of the Dead Sea as documented by Ionescu and Dr. Christian Lott of the Hydra Institute was featured in several documentary movies.His work at the Max Planck Institute included studies on the interaction between minerals and microbial cells, conducted Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden and on the island of Kiritimati, as part of the collaborative researcher group FOR571.In 2014, Ionescu joined the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), where his research focused on the genomics and ecology of giant bacteria, specifically the genus Achromatium.", "Notably, in 2017, Ionescu discovered that the multiple chromosomes harbored by these large bacteria are not identical, highlighting their adaptability to different environments.In 2021, Ionescu has received the independent research grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) to further explore these topics." ], [ "Academic Contributions", "Dr. Danny Ionescu has made significant contributions to the field of aquatic microbial ecology.", "A comprehensive list of his publications can be found on his ORCID and Google Scholar pages.Additionally, Ionescu actively participates in the scientific community.", "He serves on the Managing Board of the open access research platform PCI Genomics and contributes as a recommender for PCI Microbiology.", "Moreover, he holds positions as an Associate Editor for Frontiers in Microbiology and editorial board member of Scientific Reports." ], [ "Personal life", "Born in Bucharest, Romania, in 1976, Ionescu and his family immigrated to Israel in 1984.He is married to Dr. Mina Bizic, also a scientist, and the couple has two children.", "Ionescu's brother, Ariel Ionescu, is a Neurobiologist, and his brother-in-law, David Bizic, is an opera singer.Ionescu is a certified SSI Gold level diving instructor" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Danny Ionescu's profile on the website of Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries* Danny Ionescu's's publications at Google Scholar* Danny Ionescu's publications at PubMed* Danny Ionescu's publications at ORCID" ] ]
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[ [ "Advanced X-Ray Imaging Satellite" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite''' ('''AXIS''') is a space telescope under development by NASA for launch in 2032.It is a NASA Probe mission concept designed for high angular resolution X-Ray imaging.", "The mission goals are to examine galaxies over cosmic time, feedblack in galaxies, Black Hole strong gravity, Dual AGN, the high redshift universe." ], [ "History", "The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS), a response to NASA's Astrophysics Probe Explorer (APEX)program." ], [ "Instruments", "The X-ray grazing incident mirror would be developed bu NASA Goddard Space flight center and combines 10,000 mirror segments made from silicon, combined into 10 shells.", "The detector is an array of CCDs giving a field of view of about 15 arcminutes." ], [ "See also", "* List of proposed space observatories* International X-ray Observatory" ], [ "References" ], [ "External References", "* Axis home page* Overview paper" ] ]
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[ [ "Manoel (name)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Manoel''' is a surname and a male given name.", "Notable people with the name include:" ], [ "Surname", "* Elias Manoel (born 2001), Brazilian football winger and striker* Felipe Manoel (born 1989), Brazilian football midfielder* Marcel Manoël, president of the National Council of the Reformed Church in France 2001–2010* Sandro Manoel (born 1988), Brazilian football midfielder* Sérgio Manoel (disambiguation), multiple people* Viktor Manoel (born 1957), Mexican–American dancer, choreographer, writer, and actor" ], [ "Given name", "* Manoel Afonso Júnior (born 1991), or Alfonso, Brazilian football forward* Manoel de Aguiar Fagundes (1907–1953), or Manoelzinho, Brazilian football striker* Manoel Alencar do Monte (1892–?", "), or Alencar, Brazilian footballer* Manoel Almeida Júnior (born 1985), or Pirão, Brazilian football defender* Manoel da Costa Ataíde (1762—1830), Brazilian painter and sculptor* Manoel de Barros (1916–2014), Brazilian poet* Manoel Beckman (1630–1685), Brazilian trader* Manoel Braga (1902–1955), Brazilian sports shooter* Manoel Victor Cavalcante (1958–2022), Brazilian politician* Manoel Carlos (born 1933), Brazilian screenwriter, director, producer, and actor* Manoel Carlos de Lima Filho (born 1964), or Neco, Brazilian football winger and manager* Manoel Cassiano de Freitas (born 1963), or Freitas, Brazilian football forward* Manoel Ceia Laranjeira (1903–1994), Brazilian Bishop of the Independent Catholicism movement* Manoel Cordeiro Valença Neto (born 1982), or Valença, Brazilian football defender* Manoel de Sousa Coutinho (1555–1632), or Luís de Sousa, Portuguese monk and writer* Manoel Cruz (born 1970), Brazilian jockey* Manoël Dall'igna (born 1985), French rugby sevens forward* Manoel Dias Soeiro (1604–1657), or Menasseh Ben Israel, Portuguese rabbi, kabbalist, and printer* Manoel Felciano (born 1970), American actor, singer, and songwriter* Manuel de Brito Filho (born 1983), or Obina, Brazilian football striker* Manoel Francisco de Andrade Spina (born 1955), or Chico Spina, Brazilian football forward* Manoel Gomes (born 1969), Brazilian singer and composer* Manoel Jacintho Coelho (1903–1991), Brazilian writer* Manoel José Dias (1940–2004), or Manoelzinho, Brazilian football forward* Manoel Júnior (born 1976), Brazilian football midfielder* Manoel Lourenço (1907–1966), Brazilian swimmer* Manoel Maria (born 1948), Brazilian football winger and manager* Manoel Messias (born 1996), Brazilian triathlete* Manoel Messias Barbosa da Silva (born 1985), or Maranhão, Brazilian football defender* Manoel Messias de Mello (1904-1994), or Messias de Mello, Brazilian illustrator and painter* Manoel Messias Silva Carvalho (born 1990), Brazilian football defender* Manoel Miluir (born 1948), or Miluir Macedo, Brazilian football manager* Manoel Morais Amorim (born 1984), or Morais, Brazilian football midfielder* Manoel do Nascimento (born 1926), Brazilian boxer* Manoel Nunes (1895–1977), or Neco, Brazilian football midfielder* Manoel de Oliveira (1908–2015), Portuguese film director and screenwriter* Manoel Pereira (1625–1688), Portuguese Roman Catholic prelate in Brazil* Manoel Pessanha (1918–2003), or Lelé, Brazilian footballer* Manoel Pinto da Fonseca (slave trader) (1804–1855), Portuguese slave trader in Brazil* Manoel Rezende de Mattos Cabral (born 1950), or Nelinho, Brazilian football defender* Manoel Henriques Ribeiro (1945–2022), Brazilian politician* Manoel Cristiano Ribeiro Lemes (born 1989), Brazilian football forward* Manoel Fredrick Santos (1935–2020), or Manny Santos, Australian weightlifter* Manoel Santos (boxer) (1940–2013), or Manny Santos, Tongan-born New Zealand boxer* Manoel Santos Filho (born 1980), or Itaparica, Brazilian-born Hong Kong football midfielder* Manoel Segundo Jardim Júnior (born 1991), Brazilian football striker* Manoel da Silva (born 1919), Portuguese sports shooter* Manoel da Silva Costa (1953–2015), Brazilian football forward* Manoel da Silva Filho (born 1978), Brazilian football forward* Manoel Soto (1944–2019), Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politician* Manoel Tobias (born 1971), Brazilian futsal player* Manoel Victor Filho (1927—1995), Brazilian painter, illustrator, and cartoonist* Manoel Villar (1912–2011), Brazilian swimmer* Manoel de Castro Villas Bôas (1907–1979), Brazilian entrepreneur, writer, and journalist* António Manoel de Vilhena (1663–1736), Portuguese nobleman" ], [ "See also", "* Manuel (name), a given name and surname" ] ]
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[ [ "Manara Valgimigli" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Manara Valgimigli''' (9 July 1876, in San Piero in Bagno – 28 August 1965, in Vilminore di Scalve) was an Italian classical philologist and Greek scholar, best remembered for his book ''Poeti e filosofi di Grecia'' (1965), which won a Viareggio Prize in non-fiction.", "A graduate of the University of Bologna, he taught Greek literature at the University of Messina and the University of Pisa.", "A member of the Italian Socialist Party, he was one of several prominent signatories of the Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals in 1925." ], [ "Legacy", "In 1975, a psycho-pedagogical lyceum in Rimini was dedicated to Valgimigli.", "In 1998, it was merged with city's classical lyceum to become the multidisciplinary Julius Caesar–Manara Valgimigli Lyceum, the largest secondary school in the Province of Rimini." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Digital download class-action settlements" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''digital download class-action settlements''' were a series of legal settlements by the world's three major record companies, between 2012 and 2015, which ''The Hollywood Reporter'' called an \"important chapter in the legal history of the music business.\"" ], [ "Overview", "The class actions emerged in the aftermath of ''F.B.T.", "Productions, LLC v. Aftermath Records'', a lawsuit that created debate within the music industry about whether digital downloads constituted \"sales\" of records or \"licenses\" of master recordings within the meaning of most recording contracts, and how that distinction would affect the royalties paid by record companies to artists.", "Artists and record companies differed on how the ''F.B.T.''", "ruling would apply, if at all, to other recording contracts.Comparison of the three settlements is difficult, not only because of the ambiguity of the published reports about Sony's settlement discussed below, but because of the differing market shares of the companies, the differences between \"claims made\" and \"common fund\" class action settlements, and the unknown number of artists who opted out of the class settlements and the size of their claims.", "What is clear, however, is that none of the settlements adopted the premise of the ''F.B.T.''", "case that download sales should universally be treated contractually as \"masters licensed\" rather than \"records sold.", "\"=== Sony settlement ===Of the four major record companies in existence in 2012, Sony Music was the first to settle.", "Publicly disclosed terms of the settlement included a fund of $7.95 million to pay past claims and a 3 percent increase in artists’ royalty rates with respect to digital income.", "However, published reports differed on how this 3% \"bump\" was to be calculated.", "Some characterized this as a 3% increase of the base royalty rate itself (e.g., an artist that previously received a 7% royalty on records sold would now receive a 10% royalty on downloads sold, which woulds translate into an effective 42.8% increase in payments).", "Others characterized the 3% as being a percentage of Sony's gross download receipts -- meaning a royalty rate of 7% would increase to just 7.21% (7% X 1.03), and an artist would receive just 3 percent more of the of 70 cents Sony received for 99 cent downloads.=== Warner settlement ===The next to settle was Warner Music Group.", "Warner agreed to pay $11.5 million in past royalties and, for future royalties, a 5% increase in the base royalty rate, with a minimum 10% royalty and a maximum 14% royalty.=== Universal and EMI/Capitol settlement ===The last to settle was Universal Music Group, a settlement that required review of over 11,000 recording contracts, encompassed claims originally made separately against the fourth major record company, EMI/Capitol Records, which Universal had acquired during the pendency of the class actions, and potentially applied to over 7,500 artists.", "Universal agreed to pay $11.5 million, like Warner, and increase digital download royalties by 10%.", "This 10% was apparently to be applied to download receipts, meaning the royalty rate on downloads would effectively be raised by 10% of the royalty rate itself-- that is, a 7% royalty rate would become 7.7%, not 17%." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Siranda Gerald" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Siranda Blacks Gerald''' is a Burundian politician and an elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA).", "Gerald is a member of Democratic Party and was deputy secretary general of the party before being appointed secretary general in acting capacity following the death of Mathias Nsubuga who was the secretary general of the party.Gerald was elected to the 5th session of EALA running from 2022 to 2027.He chairs the EALA committee on Regional Affairs and Conflict Resolution." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Ulveham" ], [ "Introduction", " is a song by Norwegian folk rock and metal band Gåte.", "It was originally released 12 December 2023 on the EP ''Vandrar'' as a track.", "It was later shortened and re-published as a single upon its selection to participate in Melodi Grand Prix 2024.The song ultimately won the selection and will thus represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024.It is Norway's first Eurovision entry since 2006 to be sung in Norwegian.The opening features a traditional ''kulokk'', a herding call, sourced from an old recording featuring Marit Jensen Lillebuen.", "The story of the lyrics are based on an almost thousand-year-old Scandinavian medieval ballad." ], [ "Background and composition", "Gåte made a modern interpretation of a Norwegian medieval ballad known as \"Møya i ulveham\" (\"The Maid in Wolf Skin\").", "The initial lyrical content draws from a mid-19th-century manuscript from Telemark, reflecting a distinctive variant of the Vest-Telemark dialect.", "Several stanzas were identical to those found in the original manuscript.", "In \"Ulveham\", the stanzas were restructured and their language simplified, moving closer to the standardised High Norwegian or Nynorsk.", "\"Møya i ulveham\" tells the story of a young maiden, who is transformed into a needle, a knife, and then a sword by her evil stepmother.", "However, the people continue to appreciate her throughout all of her transformations, angering her stepmother.", "Therefore, to punish her even further, the stepmother transforms her into a wolf.", "It ends with the stepmother, pregnant with a child, being pounced on by the wolf.", "To lift the curse, the wolf drinks her stepmother's blood, which contains the blood of her unborn half-brother.", "\"Ulveham\" opens with a traditional ''kulokk'', a herding call traditionally used to summon livestock, sourced from an early 20th-century recording featuring folk singer Marit Jensen Lillebuen.", "The musical composition incorporates electronic beats and various instruments, such as nyckelharpa, electric guitars, and drums.", "It uses metal growling with lyrics as background vocalisation.There is a prevalence of similar ballads in Danish and Swedish traditions.", "The Danish rendition, titled \"Jomfruen i ulveham\" (\"The Virgin in Wolf Skin\"), and the Swedish versions, where a young man undergoes transformation into a wolf in \"Den förtrollade riddaren\" (\"The Bewitched Knight\"), underscore the cross-cultural resonance of this narrative." ], [ "Eurovision Song Contest", "=== ''Melodi Grand Prix 2024'' ===\"Ulveham\" was selected to participate in ''Melodi Grand Prix 2024'' and was the last performing entry in the event's second semi-final on 20 January 2024.The song was one of three that progressed to the final in Trondheim Spektrum on 3 February.", "In the weeks leading up to the final, the song advanced with the betting odds, and became the favourite to win by the time of the final.", "It ultimately won the competition and earned the right to represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024.==== Lyric changes ====In Melodi Grand Prix and Eurovision Song Contest, the rules require that both text and melody must be original and not previously published.", "As \"Ulveham\" contains lyrics taken from an almost thousand-year-old ballad, this would violate the contest's rules.", "In order to avoid problems with the song's possible participation in the Eurovision Song Contest, the Norwegian broadcaster NRK checked with the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), which organises the event.", "After an assessment, the EBU concluded that Marit Jensen Lillebuen's ''kulning ''recording could be accepted.", "To be on the safe side, NRK decided that the entire lyrics of \"Ulveham\" would be replaced with newly-written and original lyrics.", "MGP manager Stig Karlsen stated that \"the song's title and historical theme\" would remain.On 2 February 2024, a revised version of \"Ulveham\" was released, with reorganised and modified lyrics.", "It features other small excerpts from the same ballad, with altered wording to avoid resemblance.", "Three of the band members, Gunnhild Sundli, , and , contributed to the writing of the new lyrics.=== At Eurovision ===According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the \"Big Five\" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final will progress to the final.", "On 30 January 2024, an allocation draw was held to determine which of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show, each country will perform in; the EBU split up the competing countries into different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot.", "Norway was scheduled for the second half of the second semi-final." ], [ "Release history", "+ Release dates and formats for \"Ulveham\" Region Date Format(s) Label Type Worldwide December 12, 2023 Indie Recordings Track from EP January 5, 2024 Single (Original) February 2, 2024 Single (Rerelease)" ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Mateusz Szerszeń" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Mateusz Szerszeń''' (born September 8, 1987, in Tarnobrzeg) is a Roman Catholic priest, and a member of the Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel, as well as a spiritual director, writer, retreat leader, and columnist." ], [ "Biography", "He comes from a borderland family, which was resettled from Milno in Podolia to Trzebież in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in 1945.He is related to Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko – a division general of the Polish Armed Forces – through ancestors, and his great-great-grandfather, Andrzej Zaleski, provided shelter to Jews in his home in Milno during the German occupation.He was born in Tarnobrzeg and attended a high school in Stalowa Wola (LO im.", "KEN).", "After obtaining his high school diploma, he began his studies at the Middlesex University London.", "He joined the congregation of the Michaelite Fathers in 2006, and underwent novitiate in Pawlikowice.", "He completed theological studies at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow, and at the Theological Institute of the Missionary Priests, and was ordained a priest on May 24, 2014, at the Blessed Angelina Salawa Parish in Krakow.After his ordination, he worked in several parishes in the London area in the Canadian province of Ontario.", "Since 2016, he served as a confessor at the Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel in Monte Sant'Angelo, Italy, and later became the pastor of the Parish of Our Lady Queen of Angels in Warsaw.He engages in publicistic activities and spiritual leadership.", "He leads retreats on angelic themes and the spirituality of Father Dolindo, and co-organizes spiritual-psychological sessions at Miejsce Piastowe.Since 2020, he has been the editor of the bi-monthly magazine \"Któż jak Bóg\", and since 2023, he has served as the deputy editor-in-chief.", "He also publishes articles for the ''Aleteia'' portal and ''Nasz Dziennik'' newspaper.", "He collaborates with Michalineum Publishing House and the Temperance and Work Society.", "He runs a blog addressing spiritual topics and religious news.", "He is a member of the Catholic Journalists Association.", "He resides in Warsaw and is fluent in English and Italian." ], [ "Publications", "* ''Rozważania Drogi Krzyżowej'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum (Michalineum Publishing House), Warszawa 2021* ''Rozważania majowe'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2021* ''Rozważania czerwcowe'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2021* ''Rozważania różańcowe'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2021* ''Niesamowite Opowieści.", "Historie Biblijne'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2022* ''Ogień Słowa.", "Historie Biblijne'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2023* ''Niebiański modlitewnik'', Towarzystwo Powściągliwość i Praca (Temperance and Work Society), Warszawa 2022* ''Wielkie Zawierzenie Świętemu Michałowi Archaniołowi'', Towarzystwo Powściągliwość i Praca, Warszawa 2023* ''Minuta Mądrości.", "Refleksje o życiu i wierze'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2023* ''The Special Entrustment to St Michael the Archangel'', Towarzystwo Powściągliwość i Praca, Marki 2023* ''Anielskie Tajemnice'', Towarzystwo Powściągliwość i Praca, Warszawa 2024* ''Poradnik duchowy.", "Praktyczny przewodnik po sztuce kierownictwa duchowego'', Wydawnictwo Michalineum, Warszawa 2024" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Publications by Mateusz Szerszeń* Interview with Mateusz Szerszeń" ] ]
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[ [ "Sphenodus" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Sphenodus''''' is an extinct genus of shark.", "It is placed as a member of the extinct family Orthacodontidae, which is either considered to be a member of the extinct order Synechodontiformes, or the modern shark order Hexanchiformes.", "29 species have been described, though some of these are likely synonyms, which span from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) to Paleocene (Danian).", "Most species are only known from isolated teeth, though the species ''Sphenodus macer'' and ''Sphenodus nitidus'' from the Late Jurassic of Germany are known from skeletons.", "These suggest that it was relatively large, with a body length of , with a fusiform body with a single dorsal fin placed posteriorly without a fin spine.", "The teeth of ''Sphenodus'' consist of a single long, narrow central cusp, with much smaller lateral cusplets.", "Species of ''Sphenodus'' are thought to have been actively swimming predators." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Musamali Paul" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Musamali Mwasa Paul''' is a Ugandan politician and a second term elected member of the East African Legislative Assembly (EALA).", "Paul is a member  of National Resistance Movement (NRM) party of Uganda." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Third Alexander Frick cabinet" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''third Alexander Frick cabinet''' was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 31 December 1957 to 16 July 1962.It was appointed by Franz Joseph II and chaired by Alexander Frick." ], [ "History", "The cabinet succeeded the Second Alexander Frick cabinet on 31 December 1957 with Alexander Frick continuing as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein.", "The cabinet remained after the 1958 and 1962 general elections.", "The government succeeded in introducing disability insurance in 1959.It also attempted to join the European Free Trade Association but was unsuccessful, instead being represented by Switzerland.Frick resigned on 16 July 1962 reportedly for health reasons.", "As a result, the cabinet was dissolved and he was succeeded by Gerard Batliner in the First Gerard Batliner cabinet." ], [ "Members", "'''Picture''''''Name''''''Term''''''Party'''Prime Minister114x114pxAlexander Frick31 December 1957 – 16 July 1962Progressive Citizens' PartyDeputy Prime MinisterJosef Büchel31 December 1957 – 16 July 1962 Patriotic UnionGovernment councillorsJoseph Meier31 December 1957 – 1 March 1958Progressive Citizens' PartyJosef Oehri1 March 1958 – 16 July 1962Progressive Citizens' PartyIvo Beck31 December 1957 – March 1959 Patriotic UnionGottfried HiltiMarch 1959 – 16 July 1962Patriotic Union" ], [ "See also", "* Politics of Liechtenstein" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Reet" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Reet''' may refer to:* Reet, Belgium, a town near Rumst* Reet S.K., a football club from Reet, Belgium* Reet (given name), Estonian feminine name* * Mary Reet, one of the witnessess against serial killer Beverley Allitt" ], [ "See also", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "Aselsan Albatros USV family" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Albatros'' USV family''' () consists of high-speed unmanned surface seaborne targets of catamaran-type ''Albatros-K'', swarm-type ''Albatros-S'' and V-hull-type ''Albatros-T'' built by the Turksih defense company Aselsan for the needs of the Turkish Naval Forces." ], [ "Overview", "''Albatros'' USV family members are high-speed seaborne targets developed by the Turkish state-owned defense company Aselsan, consisting of catamaran-type ''Albatros-K''', swarm-type ''Albatros-S'', and V-hull-type ''Albatros-T''.", "They are intended to be used by the Turkish Naval Forces Command's surface elements in target missions in countering asymmetric threats and shooting training with fast surface target.In addition to serving as asymmetrical fast surface targets, the boats can imitate radar cross sectional area of assault boat or frigate, maneuver and speed movements, and are successfully used as surface targets in surface artillery, close-defense weapon systems and guided missile shooting.The maneuver patterns needed in ''Albatros'' USVs are defined by pre-planning or on-site processing, and the boats are used effectively by making various tactical movements such as zig-zag drawing or direct fast attack." ], [ "History", "The ''Albatros'' USVs have been in use in naval exercises like \"Deniz Kurdu\" (\"Sea Wolf\") and \"Mavi Vatan\" (\"Blue Homeland\") and surface shooting trainings by the Turkish Naval Forces since 2017." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Isidoro Mendes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Isidoro Mendes''' (born 1 October 1951), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a left back." ], [ "Career", "Revealed in the Portuguesa youth categories, he was the team's left back in the 70s, participating in the 1973 São Paulo title and making 298 appearances for the club." ], [ "Personal life", "Isidoro is the brother of the also footballer, Sebastião Mendes, with whom he played together for Portuguesa on several occasions.", "He became the owner of a bakery in the municipality of Santo André." ], [ "Honours", ";Portuguesa*Campeonato Paulista: 1973*Taça Estado de São Paulo: 1973*Copa Governador do Estado de São Paulo: 1976" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Isidoro at ogol.com.br" ] ]
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[ [ "Walter Buckingham Carver" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Walter Buckingham Carver''' (January 11, 1879, Town Hill, Fulton County, Pennsylvania – July 4, 1961, Ithaca, New York) was an American mathematician, noteworthy as the president of the Mathematical Association of America for a two-year term in 1939 and 1940." ], [ "Biography", "Carver was an undergraduate at Gettysburg College and then at Dickinson College, where he graduated in 1899.In 1904 he received in his Ph.D. in mathematics from Johns Hopkins University.", "His thesis ''On the Cayley-Veronese Class of Configurations'' was supervised by Frank Morley.", "For two academic years from 1904 to 1906, Carver was a professor at Ursinus College.", "In 1906 joined the faculty of Cornell University and held a professorship there until he retired as professor emeritus in 1948.He dedicated his career to mathematics education, primarily of college undergraduates.", "He chaired Cornell's mathematics department from 1929 to 1932 and again from 1938 to 1940.In retirement he was active in mathematical teaching and problem solving until shortly before his death.", "His last article in the MAA's ''American Mathematical Monthly'' was published about a week before his death.", "At professor emeritus, he occasionally taught and counseled Cornell students and conducted summer sessions in mathematical programs.Carver was a founding member in 1915 of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the MAA's 18th president.", "As president, he was the successor to Aubrey J. Kempner and the predecessor of Raymond Woodard Brink.", "Carver was from 1943 to 1948 the MAA's secretary-treasurer, as the successor to Williams D. Cairns.Carver served as the editor-in-chief of the ''American Mathematical Monthly'' for 4 years from 1932 to 1936.His contributions of problems and solutions to the ''American Mathematical Monthly'' spanned about 58 years, longer than any other contributor in his lifetime.", "In 1937 at the MAA's annual meeting, he gave an invited address ''Thinking versus manipulation'', criticizing the teaching of formal manipulations without sufficient emphasis on mathematical reasoning.In 1929 Dickinson College awarded him an honorary doctorate." ], [ "Selected publications", "===Articles===* * * * * * * ===Books===*" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "Dundas baronets of Richmond (1815)" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Dundas baronetcy''', of Richmond in the County of Surrey, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 22 May 1815 for the royal surgeon David Dundas.", "The title became extinct on the death of the 4th Baronet in 1868." ], [ "Dundas baronets of Richmond (1815)", "Sir David Dundas, 1st Baronet of Richmond*Sir David Dundas, 1st Baronet (died 1826)*Sir William Dundas, 2nd Baronet (1777–1840)*Major-General Sir James Fullerton Dundas, 3rd Baronet (died 1848)*Admiral Sir John Burnet Dundas, 4th Baronet, naval officer (1794–1868), a younger son of the 1st Baronet..", "He died without male issue." ], [ "Notes" ] ]
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[ [ "Sleeping with a Tiger" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Sleeping with a Tiger''''' () is a 2024 Austrian biographical film directed by Anja Salomonowitz.", "The film starring Birgit Minichmayr tells the story about the artist Maria Lassnig.It was selected in the Forum section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, where it had its world premiere on 17 February 2024.It will be released theatrically on 12 April 2024 in Austria." ], [ "Synopsis", "''Sleeping with a Tiger'' is a hybrid of genres about the Austrian painter Maria Lassnig.", "It depicts her struggle in the male-dominated art world, her struggle for her art, her quest for her very personal artistic expression in which she expressed her pain on the canvas.", "And then also a film about her great artistic achievement.The film is a biopic with a unique style.", "The painter is always portrayed by the same actress: no matter what age Maria Lassnig is shown in the film - whether 6, 14, 64 or 94 years old - the same person plays her, without any make-up to alter her age, so she always looks the same.", "She travels through time as a timeless figure.", "This is an artistic interpretation of her mental state.", "It is said that Maria Lassnig was ageless, wise as a young girl and youthful as an old woman.", "This means that this film is not really a biopic: it is a poetic approach to the fact that our soul never changes." ], [ "Cast", "* Birgit Minichmayr as Maria Lassnig* Johanna Orsini as Mathilde Lassnig* Lukas Watzl as Hans Werner Poschauko* Oskar Haag as Arnulf Rainer* Johannes Silberschneider as Wilhelm Dachauer* Saladin Dellers as Hans Ulrich Obrist* Carl Achleitner as Priest* Grischka Voss as Expert* Max Ortner as Curator* Laura Bleimund as Andrea Teschke* Raphael Nicholas as Art Expert* Adrian Moskowicz as gallery owner* Christine Buchmann as NY Gallery Assistant* Dominik Raneburger as Father* Justine Parsons as Journalist" ], [ "Production", "The film produced by the Austrian coop99 with Antonin Svoboda as producer, has the Stadtkino Filmverleih as the distributor for Austria.", "The production was supported by the Austrian Film Institute, the Vienna Film Fund, Film Location Austria (FISA), the state of Lower Austria and the state of Carinthia.", "Austrian Broadcasting Corporation are television participants for the film, which is directed and written by Anja Salomonowitz, with Jo Molitoris as the director of photography and Joana Scrinzi as the editor.", "Filming took place over 28 days from 17 March 2022 in Vienna, Carinthia and Lower Austria.", "Film was also shot in the coat of arms hall of the Landhaus Klagenfurt, where Lassnig's exhibition from 1947 was recreated, and in Feistritz ob Grades, where the painter died in 2014.The filming ended on 3 May 2022." ], [ "Release", "''Sleeping with a Tiger'' had its world premiere on 17 February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Forum.It will be released theatrically on 12 April 2024 in Austria by Stadtkino Filmverleih." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* * * ''Sleeping with a Tiger'' at Berlinale* ''Sleeping with a Tiger'' at Stadtkino Filmverleih" ] ]
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[ [ "Tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime" ], [ "Introduction", "\"'''Tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime'''\" was a British political slogan associated with New Labour.", "It was used in a 1993 speech by party leader Tony Blair to the Labour party conference and was seen as an attempt at triangulation, with Labour using the slogan to attack the traditionally \"tough on crime\" approach traditionally favoured by the Conservative Party.", "An example of this approach was the introduction of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "1988–89 Club Femení Barcelona season" ], [ "Introduction", "The 1988–1989 season was the first season that Club Femení Barcelona played in a recognised league, with the 1988–89 Liga Nacional de Fútbol Femenino.", "The team played home games at the Zona Esportiva del FC Barcelona." ], [ "Events", "Following the recognition of women's football by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, a top flight national league was created.", "It began on 4 December 1988 and lasted through 30 April 1989.Club Femení Barcelona had previously been known as Peña Femenina Barcelonista, but changed its name prior to the season.", "A different team, Peña Barcelonista Barcilona, also competed in (and eventually won) the inaugural league.Each team sat out two matchdays due to the odd number of teams in the league; Barcelona rested on matchday 8 (5 February 1989) and matchday 17 (23 April 1989).", "Barcelona finished fourth in the league, tied on points with rivals Español but losing out on goal difference.The 1989 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol became a national cup with the introduction of an official national league.", "Barcelona renounced playing in the Copa de la Reina in the season." ], [ "Players", "Among the players were Pilar Moreno, , Adelina Pastor Martínez, Sílvia Gelabert Udina and Àfrica Ocaña Fernández." ], [ "Liga Nacional" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Sebastião Mendes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Sebastião Mendes''' (born 8 April 1945), is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back." ], [ "Career", "Revealed in the Corinthians youth category, Mendes stood out for his virile game and for frequently provoking his opponents, which earned him a large number of expulsions.", "He was state champion in 1973 in Remo and later played for Portuguesa, where he made 202 appearances." ], [ "Personal life", "Mendes is the brother of the also footballer, Isidoro Mendes, with whom he played together for Portuguesa on several occasions." ], [ "Honours", ";Remo*Campeonato Paraense: 1973;Portuguesa*Copa Governador do Estado de São Paulo: 1976" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Mendes at ogol.com.br" ] ]
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[ [ "Ramalina celastri" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Ramalina celastri''''' is a species of corticolous and lignicolous (bark- and wood-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae.", "It is a widespread species with a pantropical distribution." ], [ "Taxonomy", "The lichen was formally described as a new species in 1827 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel, as ''Parmelia celastri''.", "The type specimen was collected by Christian Friedrich Ecklon in South Africa.", "Sprengel's species outlined several key features of the lichen, including its growth form (tufted, erect, branched), colouration (pale yellowish), the nature of its branchlets (shortened, capillary-like), and details about its reproductive structures (somewhat flat, yellow scutellae with paler margins).", "It also specifies the habitat or preference as growing on the branches of ''Celastrus pyracantha'', to which the species epithet of the lichen alludes.", "The species was transferred to the genus ''Ramalina'' by Hildur Krog and Thomas Douglas Victor Swinscow in 1976.", "''Ramalina ovalis'' is sometimes given as a synonym of ''Ramalina celastri'', but molecular data strongly support its distinction as a unique species.In North America, a vernacular name used for the species is \"palmetto lichen\".", "This refers to the divergence of the branches from a single point, similar to a palmetto leaf.", "In New Zealand, a common vernacular name is \"cartilage lichen\"." ], [ "Description", "''Ramalina celastri'' typically forms a corticolous (growing on the bark of trees) thallus, which is the main body of the lichen, characterised by its rigid, erect to somewhat (hanging) structure that can reach up to 15 cm in length.", "The thallus emerges from an often broad base and has sparing to moderate branching.", "The branches have a colour ranging from straw-colored to pale green.", "These branches are solid and flattened, with a (lance-shaped) form that can be either plane (flat) or slightly (channelled).", "The width of these branches is quite variable, ranging from 1 to 20 mm, though they most commonly measure between 3 and 5 mm.", "Young branches are thin and more or less smooth, transitioning as they age to develop longitudinal or reticulately (net-like) ridged surfaces.", "These textures result from strands of cartilaginous tissue, and the branches often have holes or cracks.", "Short linear or irregular laminal pseudocyphellae (small pores in the thallus that allow for gas exchange), are commonly present but soralia, which are structures for asexual reproduction, are absent.Reproductive features of ''Ramalina celastri'' include numerous apothecia (fruiting bodies).", "These are predominantly found lateral and laminal (along the surface) on the thallus and are supported by a stipe (stalk).", "The of the apothecia may be flat or convex, surrounded by a smooth , which is the rim of tissue around the disc.", "The spores measure 4–7 by 11–16 μm.", "''Ramalina celastri'' lacks any medullary substances as confirmed by thin-layer chromatography.", "The only secondary metabolite (lichen product) it contains reliably is usnic acid; atranorin is an , meaning that it is sometimes present, sometimes not present." ], [ "Use as a biomonitor", "In Argentina, ''Ramalina celastri'' has been used in passive biomonitoring studies as a bioaccumulator of atmospheric deposition.", "These studies have associated high zinc content in the thallus with high levels of motor vehicle traffic and industrial and agricultural activity." ], [ "Habitat and distribution", "''Ramalina celastri'' is widely distributed in tropical areas of the world.", "It grows on bark and on wood, and is found on trees, shrubs, and wooden posts, it has also been noted to occasionally grows on rocks.", "It is typically found in the warmer and more humid regions of Australia, specifically in New South Wales and Queensland, as well as in northern New Zealand.", "In New Zealand, the rock-dwelling forms of ''Ramalina celastri'' on the North Island, found exclusively within coastal environments, showed distinct morphological differences from their tree-dwelling counterparts, characterised by a more robust structure with wider and longer thalli.", "Additionally, in cross-section, the medulla of saxicolous specimens was found to be thicker.", "In East Africa, the lichen is common and widespread at elevations between .", "It is less common in Brazil than in other tropical countries.", "''Ramalina celastri'' has also been recorded from India.", "Its range in North America extends north to southern Texas." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Lonesome Soldier" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Lonesome Soldier''''' is a 2023 American war thriller film directed by Nino Aldi and written by Alexander Randazzo, Lionel Chetwynd,and Linda Lee.", "It stars Alexander Randazzo, John Ashton, and Allison McAtee.", "Based on a true story, Lonesome Soldier follows the life of Jackson Harlow, from young dreamer to haunted war veteran in this harrowing portrayal of PTSD and the effects it has, not only on soldiers, but also their loved ones." ], [ "Plot", "After serving in the Iraq war, Jackson Harlow returns to Tennessee and learns that his fight is far from over.", "Veterans and their loved ones face many challenges while battling PTSD." ], [ "Cast", "* Alexander Randazzo as Jackson Harlow* John Ashton as Mac Roberts* Allison McAtee as Teresa* Steve Monroe as John* Jamie Bernadette as Doctor Chambers* Jesse James as Lawler* Zane Stephens as Marvin* Patrick Y. Malone as Sgt.", "Winnfield" ], [ "Production", "The small-budget film was independently produced and directed by Nino Aldi.", "The screenplay was written by Alexander Randazzo and Lionel Chetwynd." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Marla Stone" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Marla Stone''' is an American historian and expert on Italian fascism who is professor of history at Occidental College.", "A specialist in the history of fascism and modern Italian studies, much of her scholarship has centered on Anti-communism and dictatorship in twentieth-century Italy, including the contemporary far right in Europe.From 2021 to 2023, she was the Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at the American Academy in Rome.", "In November 2023, she was elected to the Accademia dei Lincei.Stone earned her master's degree and PhD from Princeton University.Stone has been a fellow at the American Academy in Rome (1995–1996), the Wolfsonian Foundation (1995), the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University (2011–2012), and the European University Institute (2017)." ], [ "Works", "***" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Lina Bati" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Lina Bati''' (Arabic: ) is a Syrian actress, who began to soar to fame as the leading figure in Syrian drama during the 1970s, earning her the title of \"The Bride of Syrian Drama.\"" ], [ "Early life", "Bati was born to Nassif Bati, who worked in the grain trade and made good profits.", "She grew up in a Christian household." ], [ "Acting career", "She started her education at the University of Damascus, studying Faculty of Commerce, but left after two years due to her passion for acting.", "Her love for acting began in middle school, where she showcased her talent in school plays and on the radio.", "Lina joined the Dramatic Arts Troupe in 1963, affiliated with the Ministry of Information, after meeting Dr. Rafiq Al-Sabban.", "She became a member of the Syrian Actors Syndicate in 1968 and has been actively contributing to the acting field since 1961.She also worked in the dubbing industry, when she moved to Kuwait in the mid-80s.", "She also received recognition at various Arab festivals, such as the Damascus International Film Festival and the Cairo International Film Festival." ], [ "Personal life", "She is married." ], [ "Filmography", "===Films===* Happiness Bath (1968)* The Mexican Hoax (1972)* Love Prank (1972)* My Hippy Wife (1973)* One Man Wanted (1973)* Special Romances (1974)* My Beloved (1974)* Love and Karate (1974)* Between Reality and Fiction (1974)* Women's Island (1976)* The Head (1976)* Lovers on the Road (1977)* Our Life (1980)* Lanterns (1982)* The Migration of Hearts to Hearts (1991)* Arab Biography (1982)* Lazy (1993)* Orchard Of Death (2001)* Four Seasons S2 (2002)* Holding Tears In (2005)" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Wedding of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Fawzia of Egypt" ], [ "Introduction", "The wedding of Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Princess Fawzia of Egypt () was an imperial wedding of the heir to the throne of Iran and daughter of Fuad I of Egypt respectively.", "The wedding took place at Abdeen Palace in Cairo.", "After Egypt’s independence from the British Empire, Iran was quick to establish good relations.", "Following a series of negotiations, a trade agreement as established.", "The Iranian ambassador in Cairo then arranged a meeting between Princess Fawzia and the then Crown Prince Mohammad.", "The union was difficult: the bride did not speak Persian, and would be away from her family and friends in Egypt.", "In addition, the Crown Prince's mother had to be of Iranian origin, according to Article 37 of the Persian Constitution of 1906, this thus had to be changed.", "The political union between two nobles was lauded by politicians from both countries." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Breitenthal Speedway Stadium" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Breitenthal Speedway Stadium''' also known as the '''MC Krumbach Speedway Stadium''' was a motorcycle speedway stadium, 5 km west of Krumbach between Breitenthal and Nattenhausen in Bavaria, Germany.", "The site is located adjacent to the St2018 road, on the north side." ], [ "History", "The stadium was built and opened in 1971.MC Krumbach rode their home fixtures at the track, when competing in the German Team Speedway Championship.", "The facility was the home track of riders such as Manfred Poschenreider and Hans Wassermann.The track was a significant venue for motorcycle speedway and hosted many important events.", "These included qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979 and 1981.Additionally, it hosted a round of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1980.The speedway team folded due to financial issues and the track failed speedway safety regulations which has resulted in no speedway events since the early 2010s.", "However, the site remains in place and it has been used as a tractor pulling event venue in recent years." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "James Van Sweden" ], [ "Introduction", "'''James Van Sweden''' (1935-2013) was an American landscape architect.", "He was a principal in Oehme, van Sweden & Associates." ], [ "Life", "He grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan.", "He graduated from the University of Michigan.", "He studied at Delft University of Technology.", "He was a partner at Marcou, O'Leary and Associates.", "In 1975, he founded Oehme, van Sweden & Associates, with Wolfgang Oehme." ], [ "Works", "* ,with Oehme, ''Bold Romantic Gardens'' (1990), * ''Gardening with Water'' (1995), * ''Gardening with Nature'' (1997), * ''Architecture in the Garden'' (2003)." ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* James van Sweden Oral History The Cultural Landscape Foundation" ] ]
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[ [ "Pachymetopon grande" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Pachymetopon grande''''', the '''bronze seabream''' or '''blue hottentot''', is a species of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies.", "This species is found in the southwestern Indian Ocean.", "It is an important spoecies for recreational fisheries in South Africa and for subsistence fisheries too." ], [ "Taxonomy", "''Pachymetopon grande'' was first formally described in 1859 by the German-born British herpetologist and ichthyologist Albert Günther with its type locality given as the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.", "Günther classified this species in a new monospecific genus ''Pachymetopon'' and this species is the type species of that genus by momotypy.", "The genus ''Pachymetopon'' is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World''.", "Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae, but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae." ], [ "Etymology", "''Pachymetopon grande'' has the specific name ''grande'' which means \"large\", an allusion that Günther did not explain but it may refer to the large prituberance between the eyes or the large body size of this species." ], [ "Description", "''Pachymetopon grande'' has a rather rotund, deep body which has a standard length that is 2 to 2.3 times its depth.", "The dorsal profile of the head is smoothly convex with a slight protuberance in front of the eyes.", "The dorsal fin is supported by 11 spines and between 11 and 13 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays.", "The overall colour of the body is bronze, paler on the belly and breast, with an iridescent blue head and blue pectoral fins.", "This species has a maximum total length of , although is more typical." ], [ "Distribution and habitat", "''Pachymetopon grande'' is endemic to Southern Africa where it is distributed from Southern Mozambique to False Bay in the Western Cape., it has also been recorded off southern Madagascar.", "It is found in shallow waters of less than about in rocky areas." ], [ "Biology", "''Pachymetopon grande'' is an omnivore which grazes on algae and benthic invertebrates, juveniles feed on crustaceans to a greater extend than the adults.", "It is a rudimentary hermaphrodite but its gonochoristic, attaining sexual maturity when it is around 5.5 years old.", "Spawing occurs between January and June in the Eastern Cape and in winter in KwaZulu-Natal.", "It probably spawns in small aggregations and spawning takes place in the mornings and evenings.", "The adults are sedentary." ], [ "Fisheries and conservation", "''Pachymetopon grande'' is heavily targeted by recreational fishers from the shore and by spear fishers but is not commercially targeted, although it is caught by subsistence fishers in the Eastern Cape.", "As a slow growing, late maturing, long lived, sedentary species this fish is vulnerable to overexploitation and there appears to have been a marked decline in numbers.", "There is a minimum size of and a bag limit of 2 fish per day for anglers.", "This species responds well to protection and numbers increase in Marine protected areas.", "The IUCN classify this fish as a Near-threatened species." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Dundas baronets of Beechwood (1821)" ], [ "Introduction", "Escutcheon of the Dundas baronets of BeechwoodThe '''Dundas baronetcy''', of Beechwood in the County of Midlothian, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 24 August 1821 for Robert Dundas.", "He was succeeded by his son David, the 2nd Baronet; three of his six sons, the 3rd, 4th and 5th Baronets, all succeeded in the title.", "The last was succeeded by his son, the 6h Baronet.", "He was childless and on his death in 1981 at the age of 99, the title became extinct." ], [ "Dundas baronets, of Beechwood (1821)", "*Sir Robert Dundas, 1st Baronet (1761–1835)*Sir David Dundas, 2nd Baronet (1803–1877)*Sir Sydenham James Dundas, 3rd Baronet (1849–1904)*Sir Charles Henry Dundas, 4th Baronet (1851–1908)*Sir George Whyte Melville Dundas, 5th Baronet (1856–1934)*Sir Robert Whyte-Melville Dundas, 6th Baronet (1881–1981)Sir Robert Dundas, 1st Baronet, of Beechwood (1761–1825)" ], [ "Notes" ] ]
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[ [ "Pride Radio (North East)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Pride Radio''', also known as '''Pride Radio North East''', is a local radio station serving the people of the North East of England and broadcasts worldwide online." ], [ "History", "Pride Radio launched online in 2010.Due to the stations growth, shows are now broadcast on 89.2FM, DAB, in North East England and worldwide online and also via Freeview.", "Pride Radio is run by Pride Community Network Ltd; a not-for-profit organisation that aims to raise awareness of LGBT+ issues, health initiatives and promote social inclusion and diversity through broadcasts and events.In 2020 and 2023, North East television personality Scarlett Moffatt and The X Factor singer Joe McElderry presented festive programmes for the station." ], [ "Notable presenters", "* Jonathan Morrell, also a producer at BBC Radio Cumbria* Simon Logan, also a broadcaster on BBC Radio Newcastle and BBC Radio Tees* Kelly Scott, also a broadcaster on BBC Radio Newcastle and BBC Radio Tees." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Juan Bravo de Medrano, I Count of Santa Rosa" ], [ "Introduction", "Don '''Juan Bravo de Medrano''' (b.", "1650, Pánuco, Zacatecas – d. May 15, 1710) was the I Count of Santa Rosa and a noble from the Bravo de Medrano family in Zacatecas.", "Juan Bravo de Medrano was the Lieutenant General of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, Maestre de Campo of his tercio, and held the first noble title in Zacatecas, granted by King Charles II of Spain on February 8, 1691.The title of ''Conde de Santa Rosa'' is linked to an immense estate, centered around the Santa Rosa hacienda situated between Jerez and Juchipila.", "The Count of Santa Rosa is a descendant of the founder of Zacatecas, Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos, and the founder of Guadalajara, Cristóbal de Oñate.", "Juan married Doña Juana de Altamirano Castilla y Aguayo." ], [ "Family", "Don Juan Bravo de Medrano was the son of Don Felipe Bartolome Bravo de Acuña and Catalina de Medrano y Oñate.", "Catalina de Medrano y Oñate was the daughter of Captain Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez and Catalina Temiño-Bañuelos y Oñate Rivadeneira.", "His maternal grandfather Captain Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez was the son of Don Diego de Medrano, born in either Penacerrada, Alava or Soria, and Doña Catalina de Velazquez.Juan Bravo de Medrano's maternal grandmother Catalina Temiño-Bañuelos y Oñate Rivadeneira was the daughter of Diego Ruiz Temiño de Bañuelos Zaldívar (b.", "1562, Zacatecas, Mexico) Councilor and General Depositary of Zacatecas, and Catalina Oñate y Rivadeneira.Juan Bravo de Medrano is the maternal great-great-grandson of Baltasar Temiño de Banuelos es, Lieutenant Captain General of Neuva Galicia, prominent founder and miner of Zacatecas, Mexico." ], [ "Early Life of the I Count of Santa Rosa", "Juan Bravo de Medrano was born in Pánuco, Zacatecas, around 1650.Juan Bravo de Medrano became the first Zacatecan to purchase a noble title, becoming the first Count of Santa Rosa on February 8, 1691, thanks to his mining success and due to his pacification of Colotlán and the Sierra del Nayarit es.", "He was also the Lieutenant Capitán General of Nueva Galicia.", "This lineage of counts bestowed significant nobility upon Zacatecas, engaging in a competition of honor and wealth throughout the Enlightenment century and the so-called Bourbon reforms.", "Prominent Zacatecan miners maintained a private army, often consisting of two or three hundred men, whether to defend their own territories or the interests of the Crown.", "Don Juan Bravo de Medrano was also the Maestre de campo in Zacatecas, and therefore maintained a tercio and a personal guard consisting of eight German halberdiers, paid by the king, who accompanied him everywhere.Don Juan Bravo de Medrano, I Count of Santa Rosa, owned the Santa Rosa de Malpaso hacienda from 1691, the year his mother Catalina de Medrano y Oñate bequeathed it to him, until his death in 1710.The community of Malpaso has its origins in a land grant on February 8, 1561.Throughout its history, Malpaso has had various owners.", "In the 17th century, it belonged to the family of Juan Bravo de Medrano, the first Count of Santa Rosa, hence its name: Santa Rosa de Malpaso, named after its first patron, Santa Rosa de Lima.", "The construction of the Santa Rosa hacienda was of strong craftsmanship, as can still be seen in the walls of the Fort (known as El Caracol) that was built back in the distant last years of the 16th century, and as can be seen in the very thick walls of the barns and big house.", "Juan and his mother Catalina de Medrano y Oñate built a temple with a beautiful façade in honor of Saint Rose of Lima.", "Currently, the Patron Saint is the Lord of Malpaso or the Ascension, and its façade looks very different.Vetagrande, ZacatecasThe father of the Count of Santa Rosa, General Bartolomé Bravo de Acuña, an enterprising miner from Vetagrande, began acquiring lands (centered around the Santa Rosa hacienda situated between Jerez and Juchipila) in the mid-17th century.", "These properties were added to his wife Catalina de Medrano y Oñate's dowry, descended from majorat founder Cristóbal de Oñate.", "The first Count of Santa Rosa, Juan Bravo de Medrano, continued acquiring lands, ranging from medium-value estates to large domains and mines mostly in Vetagrande." ], [ "Lands and Mines of the Count of Santa Rosa", "Remains of the Votive Pyramid in La Quemada, ZacatecasJuan Bravo de Medrano owned large mining and agricultural estates, including the haciendas of Real de Pánuco, Vetagrande, Malpaso, Palomas, San Nicolás in Pinos, Santa Rosa in Juchipila, and Santa Rosa in Tlaltenango.", "In 1699, Don Juan Bravo de Medrano, I Count of Santa Rosa purchased the Palomas hacienda from the clergyman Francisco de Arratia for 5,362 pesos.", "By 1695, he had acquired lands from the Querétaro convent of Santa Clara de Jesús: La Quemada, Los Edificios, El Cericillo, and El Arenal, southwest of Zacatecas, not far from the lands associated with the Santa Rosa hacienda, also known as Santa Rosa de Malpaso.", "Estimated in 1777 after an owner's death, Joseph Martinez de Bustamante, the hacienda had a total value of 57,736 pesos 2 reales.", "This included 1,000 pesos for El Fuerte, 4,000 pesos for Malpaso, 1,500 pesos for El Eje, 2,500 pesos for Santa Rosa, with the main residence valued at 1,800 pesos.", "The property also included 20 sitios of livestock and nearly 180 caballerías of land, equivalent to 14,144.4 hectares (34,988 acres or 141.444 km).", "Adding tools, seeds, and livestock (247 mules, 248 oxen, 161 donkeys, and nearly 2,500 horses), its value reached 69,851 pesos 5 reales.", "However, the hacienda had mortgages and numerous debts, some dating back 40 years, exceeding a third of its value.", "It was consequently sold by Captain Bustamante's widow, Gertrudis Díaz de la Campa, a relative of the Count of San Mateo, to Ventura de Arteaga, then the general administrator for José de la Borda.=== Real de Pánuco Mine in Zacatecas ===State of Zacatecas in MexicoIn the mid-17th century, Medrano's father Bartolome Bravo de Acuna purchased the Real de Pánuco mines in Zacatecas.", "Between 1620 and 1630, Zacatecas experienced prosperity in silver production unmatched until the early 18th century.", "However, setbacks such as the Vetagrande mine flooding in 1619-1620, epidemics, and migration occurred.In the 17th century, the Real de Pánuco mine was prosperous; 27 grinding mills, 41 smelting mills, 14 amalgamation mills, 39 owners of mines and mills, one blacksmith, among others.", "Despite Pánuco's thriving economy in the mid-17th century, the descendants of its discoverers, among the wealthiest individuals in Spanish America, inherited illustrious names but faced more debts.Bartolome Bravo de Acuna was succeeded by his son and heir Juan Bravo de Medrano, I Count of Santa Rosa.", "His son Don Felipe Bartolome Bravo de Medrano y Acuña Altamirano, II Count of Santa Rosa, inherited flooded mines and debts, leading to the inability to sustain the family business.", "When the II Count of Santa Rosa died, notorial records indicate his properties which included the Pánuco smelters and the amalgamation facilities." ], [ "Family Background", "=== Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos in Zacatecas ===Representation of Juan's great-great-grandfather Baltasar Temiño de Bañuelos, lieutenant of the captain general of the Kingdom of New Galicia, in the coat of arms of Zacatecas.Don Juan Bravo de Medrano's mother Catalina de Medrano y Oñate was the maternal great-granddaughter of Baltasar Temiño de Banuelos (Sevilla, b.", "1530 - Zacatecas, d. 1600), the “discoverer” and one of the founders of Zacatecas.", "Baltasar moved to Guadalajara, capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, where he made contact with Cristóbal de Oñate, who proposed him to Juan de Tolosa and Diego de Ibarra as captain of the expedition that would culminate in the founding of the mines of Zacatecas around 1548, discovered by Juan de Tolosa two years earlier, and which would become the largest silver producers in New Spain during the 16th century.Juan Bravo de Medrano's great-great-grandfather Baltasar Temino de Bañuelos arrived in Zacatecas around 1546 or 1548, the year of its foundation, which would mean that he was only present at the formal act of foundation, although historians refer to him as one of the four conquerors of the mines.", "In 1550, Baltasar was one of the main miners of Zacatecas, either individually or in company.", "In 1557, he was named ''deputy of mines'' when Gaspar de Tapia was mayor of Zacatecas.", "Baltasar, in 1562, was the owner of one of the thirty-five haciendas \"''de beneficio de azogue''\" that existed in the province of Zacatecas.", "In the war against the Chichimeca Natives, he was named lieutenant captain general of Nueva Galicia in 1572 by Viceroy Enriquez.", "Juan Bravo de Medrano's maternal grandfather was Captain Don Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez.", "He was born in Santo Domingo into the noble house of Medrano.", "He is the son of Don Diego de Medrano and Doña Catalina de Velazquez.", "Captain Juan de Medrano is the husband of Catalina Temiño-Bañuelos y Oñate Rivadeneira, daughter of Diego Ruiz Temiño de Bañuelos and Catalina de Oñate y Rivadeneira and granddaughter of Don Alonso de Oñate Salazar, brother of the famous conquistador Juan de Oñate y Salazar, both sons of Cristóbal de Oñate, a descendant of the noble house of Haro.", "In 1640, Cristóbal's son Don Cristóbal de Oñate and Captain Don Juan de Medrano paid 1,654 pesos, 3 tomines, and 3 grains of 20 quintals of mercury in favor of Philip IV of Spain.", "His maternal grandfather Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez could be the brother of Diego de Medrano, born in Santo Domingo in the 16th century, who died in Guadalajara (Mexico), 1630.Diego was the Oidor in Guadalajara.", "Diego de Medrano was also the son of Diego de Medrano, from Soria, royal treasurer of Santo Domingo, and Doña Catalina de Velazquez, from Santo Domingo.", "Diego's paternal grandparents were Diego Alfonso de Medrano, from Soria, and Francisca Rodríguez Barrionueva.", "His brother Juan de Medrano served as the governor of the province of Chametla, Sinaloa.", "The Marriage of Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez with Doña Catalina de Temiño-Bañuelos y Oñate y Rivadeneira commenced in Zacatecas (Mexico).", "The wedding ceremony took place on the 24th of January, 1635.Captain Juan de Medrano y Ulloa y Velazquez is the father of Capitan General Diego de Medrano y Bañuelos Saldívar y Mendoza, maternal uncle, and Catalina de Medrano y Oñate, mother of Don Juan Bravo de Medrano.Juan Bravo de Medrano's maternal uncle Capitan General Don Diego de Medrano y Bañuelos, born in Madrid on May 14, 1636, baptized in the parish of San Nicolas, served as Chief Constable of the Holy Inquisition in Zacatecas and Provincial Alcalde of the Holy Brotherhood of Nueva Galicia.", "In 1666, the Royal Treasury requested 500 liters of salt from Captain Don Diego de Medrano.", "In 1674, The Count's uncle was the Provincial Mayor of the Holy Brotherhood; in 1679 he became perpetual provincial mayor.", "In 1676, Captain Don Diego de Medrano was the corregidor, with a salary of 500 pesos de minas, which is issued to him for said duty.", "General Diego de Medrano was the husband of Maria Correa de Silva (b. February 21, 1638 Madrid, Spain), married on May 23, 1661, in the Madrid parish of San Juan.", "He is the father of Margarita de Medrano y Correa de Silva and Nicolás de Medrano y Bañuelos.", "He passed away in Zacatecas on May 24, 1687, witnessed by Diego Vazquez.In Zacatecas, on December 17, 1708, the first cousins of Juan Bravo de Medrano are documented as the owners and patrons of the chapel of the Reyes in the church of Santa María, Zacatecas, in favor of Licentiate Nicolás de Medrano, commissioner of the Holy Office of the Inquisition; and his brothers, Captains José de Medrano and Juan de Medrano, and Doña Margarita Magdalena de Medrano, children of Captain General Diego de Medrano y Bañuelos, and his wife Doña María Correa de Silva, founders of the mentioned chapel in Zacatecas." ], [ "Marriage and Heir", "Juan Bravo de Medrano married Doña Juana Altamirano Castilla y Aguayo.", "His wife was the daughter of José Altamirano y Castilla and Juana de Soto Agredano y Carbajal Aguayo.Don Juan Bravo de Medrano and Doña Juana Altamirano Castilla y Aguayo had two children:* '''Don Felipe Bartolome Bravo de Medrano y Acuña Altamirano, II Count of Santa Rosa,''' (b. between 1669 and 1729, Zacatecas) husband of Dolores de Navarrete y Argote.", "He is the father of Ana Josefa Bravo de Medrano y Acuña y Navarrete Argote; and the grandfather of Don Jose Vicente Beltran y Bravo de Medrano y Acuña, III Count of Santa Rosa, Priest* '''Manuela Bravo de Medrano y Acuña Altamirano y Castilla''' (b. between 1669 and 1729, Zacatecas)" ], [ "Death", "Juan Bravo de Medrano died on May 15, 1710, without leaving a will.", "His debts, which his wife Juana Altamirano de Castilla and children committed to paying, amounted to 104,330 pesos 6 granos, primarily owed to the aviator Nicolás de Landa, a resident of Mexico." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Battle of the Sama Forest" ], [ "Introduction", "On July 16, 2015, the Malian army raided a jihadist base in the Sama Forest, in southern Mali's Sikasso Region.", "The raid is one of the few confrontations between jihadists and the Malian army in southern Mali, and marked the end of the Khalid ibn Walid katiba and jihadist expansion in southern Mali." ], [ "Background", "In 2015, Ansar Dine, a Malian jihadist group usually based in the north of the country, attempted to expand southwards and create a new front in southern Mali's Sikasso Region.", "On June 10, 2015, the Ansar Dine-affiliated katiba Khalid ibn Walid katiba attacked a Malian gendarmerie post in Misséni on the Ivorian border, killing one gendarme, torching vehicles, and raising their black flag over the camp.", "The second ever attack in Sikasso region occurred on June 28, when Ansar Dine-affiliated men captured the town of Fakola with no resistance, and retreated after a few hours.In July, more jihadists were captured headed southwards.", "An emissary of Ansar Dine commander Iyad Ag Ghaly was captured on July 9 near Bamako, and on July 13, twenty suspected jihadist recruits were arrested on a bus headed from Côte d'Ivoire into Mali.", "The suspects included thirteen Mauritanians, two Malians, two French, and two Franco-Malian dual nationals.", "Most were members of the Dawa sect of Islam." ], [ "Battle", "After the attacks in June, the Malian Army began combing operations in Sikasso, especially in the Sama Forest close to the Ivorian border.", "On July 16, intelligence from locals led Malian forces to a jihadist base in the forest.", "Two offensives were carried out by the 33rd Parachute Commando Regiment, considered an elite unit of the Malian army, and they captured weapons and equipment from the camp.", "Many of the jihadists ere killed or fled.The jihadists reportedly were from Ansar Dine and Katiba Macina and the \"barefoot\" sect.", "Souleymane Keita, the founder of the Khalid ibn Walid katiba, fled to Guinea." ], [ "Aftermath", "While the Malian government did not release a statement about the battle, French news agencies reported the injuries of two Malian soldiers.", "Ten jihadists were killed and ten were captured, according to the BBC, and Studio Tamani claimed the deaths of thirty fighters and fifteen taken prisoner.", "Jeune Afrique later reported that the katiba had thirty fighters, according to a Malian military official.", "Five of those were killed, fourteen were captured by Malian forces, and seven were arrested by Ivorian forces." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Drunk Elephant" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Drunk Elephant''' is an Houston-based skincare brand that was acquired by Shiseido in 2019 for $845 million.", "The brand was originally founded in 2012 by \"stay-at-home mom\" Tiffany Masterson as part of the clean beauty movement and had its public launch in August 2013.After its launch, Drunk Elephant became one of the fastest growing brands in the history of the cosmetics retailer Sephora, fueled in part by its popularity among younger consumers, including pre-teens.", "Drunk Elephant gained popularity on Tiktok from \"skincare smoothies\" and is the 4th rated skincare brand in the US." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Blue Lips (Schoolboy Q album)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Blue Lips''''' is the upcoming sixth studio album by American rapper Schoolboy Q.", "It is set to be released on March 1, 2024, through Top Dawg Entertainment and distributed by Interscope Records.", "It will mark his first studio album release in five years." ], [ "Background", "Following the release of ''Crash Talk'' (2019), the rapper first promised the follow-up record to his fifth studio album during a concert in January 2020.However, he would not release original solo material until April 2022, with the single \"Soccer Dad\".", "First specific updates about an upcoming project arrived on June 6, 2023, when the rapper revealed that his next album was \"in the mixing process\" at the time and a release would be \"coming very very soon\".", "In September 2023, he elaborated on his decision of not releasing albums as frequently as others by clarifying that he does not view \"it as a sport\" but instead wants to move off \"peace\" and his \"experiences\".", "He previously promised a return \"this year\" on August 29." ], [ "Release and promotion", "On February 1, 2024, Q set up a countdown finishing on March 1 on his website, alongside the display of the album title.", "He also released a trailer that plays an \"atmospheric beat\" and showcases the \"dictionary definition\" of the title ''Blue Lips''.", "Also included in the 37-second video is a tracklist, consisting of 17 tracks, projected on a \"film-studio wall\".", "It was also revealed that Q would start previewing the album every Tuesday and Thursday leading up to the album.On February 6, Q released music videos for the songs \"Blueslides\" and the Devin Malik-assisted \"Back n Love\", being classified as \"album previews\" that were not released on digital streaming platforms.", "Q would also post mini-vlogs on his social media platforms, as well as his YouTube channel, on February 8 and February 13 respectively.", "On February 15, the official lead single \"Yeern 101\" was released with a accompanying music video." ], [ "Track listing" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Veglio (surname)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Veglio''' is an Italian surname.", "Notable people with the surname include:* Antonio Maria Vegliò (born 1938), Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church* Bruno Veglio (born 1998), Uruguayan footballer* Carlos Veglio, (born 1946), former Argentine football striker* Filippo Veglio (born 1974), former professional tennis player from Switzerland* Pietro Veglio (born 1944), Swiss economist" ], [ "See also", "* Veglio" ] ]
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[ [ "Don't Look Down (Lindsey Buckingham song)" ], [ "Introduction", "\"'''Don't Look Down'''\" is a song by Lindsey Buckingham, released in 1993 as the final single from his third solo album ''Out of the Cradle''.", "It only charted in Canada, where it peaked at number 59." ], [ "Background", "On \"Don't Look Down\", Buckingham decided against using a standard drum kit, instead opting to record some rhythms on cardboard boxes.", "The vocal cadence on \"Don't Look Down\" follows a 1:1 motion-to-rest ratio where the melodic activity occurs for two measures and ends on the downbeat of the third measure during the four bar pattern.", "An instrumental guitar passage leads into the song's main riff.Buckingham originally wanted \"Don't Look Down\" to be the album's first single, although it was overlooked in favor of \"Wrong\" in North America and \"Countdown\" in Europe.", "After the first few singles from ''Out of the Cradle'' failed to chart, Warner Bros opted to lift \"Don't Look Down\" as the album's next single to coincide with its accompanying tour.The music video for \"Don't Look Down\" was recorded with Buckingham's touring band and took around 15 hours to film.", "Janet Robin, who was one of the guitarists on the ''Out of the Cradle'' tour, recalled that Buckingham made several of the creative decisions for the shots in the video.", "Buckingham commented that live performances of \"Don't Look Down\" varied in quality depending on the acoustics of the performance venue and the mixing levels.", "\"It fits together like a jigsaw, and its impact hinges on the level of things in relationship to each other, such as the vocals coming in loud enough.", "Certain things have to be really close to being right, at least in my mind, for it to come off.\"" ], [ "Critical reception", "''The New York Times'' said that \"Don't Look Down\" opens ''Out of the Cradle'' with a sense of \"frightened euphoria\".", "''Stereo Review'' wrote that the song begins \"with a crisp, pseudo-classical, acoustic-guitar intro that collapses into a tumble of notes before the actual song kicks in with a well-oiled, bossa-flavored beat.\"", "Timothy White of ''Billboard'' said that the song falls \"well within rock's melodic tradition\" and features \"eccentric constructions and sudden harmonic shifts, each surprise element enhancing their overall appeal.\"", "''BAM'' described \"Don't Look Down\" as \"an ode to hope\" that should \"appeal to an alternative audience.", "\"''The Capital Times'' highlighted the song's \"quirky touches\" and thought the song was \"instantly hummable\", positing that the song \"succeeds not only because of its melodicism, but also because that sound conveys the lyrics' wide-eyed optimism.\"", "''Philadelphia Daily News'' stated that \"a track like \"Don't Look Down\" contains a virtual hologram of hooks.", "Falsetto backup vocals hang in the air over cushiony rhythms, while sprightly guitar lines float in between them.\"", "J.D.", "Considine of ''Rolling Stone'' thought that \"the song effortlessly captures the balance between languor and lift found in many Fleetwood Mac singles, flowing easily from the measured cadences of the verse to the manic climax of the chorus.", "Buckingham doesn't stop there, though; he fills the track with all sorts of ear candy, from Mexicali string-band flourishes to sampled voices that bounce the tune along like pinball bumpers.\"" ], [ "Personnel", "*Lindsey Buckingham – guitars, bass, percussion, rhythm programming, vocals*Alex Acuña – percussion" ], [ "Chart performance", "Chart (1993)Peakposition" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "João Pedro Reginaldo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''João Pedro Reginaldo''' (born 14 March 2003) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defender for Major League Soccer club Charlotte FC.", "He is a Brazil U20 international." ], [ "Early life", "From Indaiatuba, in the state of São Paulo, he started playing football at the age of five years-old, at Mundo Bola school.", "He had spells at União Barbarense, Ponte Preta, Guarani and Red Bull Brasil before joining Juventude in 2017." ], [ "Career", "He spent two years at the Juventude academy, before moving to Athletico Paranaense in 2019 aged 16 years-old, initially on a two-year contract.He played for MLS Next Pro side Crown Legacy FC on loan in 2023, where he was named in the MLS NEXT Pro Best XI in 2023.He joined Charlotte FC ahead of the 2024 season, agreeing to a three-year contract with the option of a fourth." ], [ "International career", "He played for Brazil U20 in a 4–0 win over United States national under-20 soccer team in November 2021." ], [ "Style of play", "He is capable of playing centrally and as an attacking left back, and took set pieces for Crown Legacy." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Emirate of Banu Talis" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Banu Talis''', an Arab dynasty from Banu Abd al-Dar bin Qusayy, from the Arab tribe of Quraysh, appeared in Libya in the year 1228 AD and made the city of “Bani Walid” as their capital." ], [ "Rise", "The dynasty was founded by the scholar Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Rashid bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qayrawani, who was born in the Tunisian city of Mahdia and then moved to Kairouan, where he received his education.", "It was also said that he was Andalusian by African birth and grew up in Tunisia.Stories differed about the reason for this \"Ibn Tlis\" exodus to Tripoli, as some sources claim that he took refuge there on the run after a dispute that occurred between him and some scholars of Kairouan who conspired with the Sultan against him.", "He and those with him fled across the sea to Tripoli.While other sources claim that he was assigned the emirate of the country by the Hafsid Sultan of Kairouan, and perhaps this is the most likely opinion.In any case, Sheikh \"Ibn Talis\" arrived in Wadi Bani Walid in the year 1228 AD, and the residents of the region gathered around him (perhaps due to his noble Qurashi lineage) from the Berber tribes of Hawara and the Arab tribes of Bani Hilal, especially the Ithbaj and Zagha, and he became a major force in the country.He then made several reforms in the region, dug more than 300 or 360 wells, and built several palaces.", "The most famous of which was \"Ibn Tlis Palace\", which he used as the seat of his rule.He also built several zawiyas, and the emirate flourished during his reign.", "Trade, agriculture, and pottery making spread, and prominent scholars appeared, whose fame spread throughout North Africa and Sub-Saharan Sudan, such as Sheikh \"Abdul Salam al-Fitouri\", known as \"Abdul Salam al-Asmar\", to whom students come from all over Libya, Tunisia, Mali (Timbuktu), Chad, and others.The influence of the emirate extended during their reign from the borders of Cyrenaica in the east to Tajoura region in the west, and from the sea in the north to mainland Fezzan in the south, but its power was concentrated on or near the coast in the cities of: Bani Walid, Sirte, Tarhuna, Misrata, Zliten and Masalata.", "And the Mujahid Sheikh “Abdul Wahid Al-Doukali”, who was a student of the scholar \"Ibn Tlis\" himself, and Sheikh \"Karim Al-Din Al-Barmouni\" and many others.", "Sheikh Ibn Tellis died at the age of 53 and was buried in his hometown of Kairouan." ], [ "Fall", "The emirate suffered from foreign invasion more than once, the first of which was the Spanish invasion in 1510 AD, which targeted the city of Masalata, the cultural capital of the emirate, and the Banu Tellis were able to repel this occupation under the leadership of Sheikh \"Abdul Wahid Al-Doukali.", "\"Then there was the Ottoman Turkish invasion during the reign of the last prince, \"Ali II\", who resisted them for 26 years before they invaded in 1603 AD with an army of 10,000 fighters supported by some local tribes.", "As for the emirate's headquarters in Qasr Bin Talis, it was destroyed, the city was completely burned, and most of the members of the ruling family were killed, and after that an unknowen sheikhdom ruled.Those who remained alive fled to the southwest of the city of Tripoli and became part of a tribal alliance there known as \"Burshfana\", in which they are numbered to this day and are known as the \"Awlad Tallis\" tribe." ], [ "Cultural effect", "The Emirate of Ben Talis is considered one of the important periods in the modern history of Libya, as it formed many of the cultural features and popular folklore prevailing in the country.", "However, the Turks' destruction of Ben Talis Palace and burning of most of the documents in it buried several facts about the emirate and became difficult for historical researchers to access.", "To abstract historical information and purify it from myths, especially with regards to the lineage of the dynasty and how its rule ended." ], [ "List of rulers", "Sheikh Ahmed succeeded in ruling the emirate by 5 rulers who succeeded him are:1- Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Rashid bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qayrawani2- Ali bin Ahmed bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi.3- Hamouda bin Ali bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi4- Diab bin Hamouda bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi5- Ghalib bin Diab bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi6- Ali II bin Ghalib bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qurashi" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Klaus Tschütscher cabinet" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Klaus Tschütscher cabinet''' was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 25 March 2008 to 27 March 2013.It was appointed by regent Alois and chaired by Klaus Tschütscher" ], [ "History", "The 2009 Liechtenstein general election resulted in a win for the Patriotic Union.", "As a result, the Second Otmar Hasler cabinet was dissolved and succeeded by Klaus Tschütscher as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein.The government's term in office was marked by an effort to move the country away from being a tax haven.", "On 1 May 2011 two additional cabinet positions were established.Tschütscher did not stand for re-election in the 2013 Liechtenstein general election and was succeeded by Adrian Hasler in the First Adrian Hasler cabinet on 27 March 2013." ], [ "Members", "'''Picture''''''Name''''''Term''''''Role''''''Party'''Prime Minister80pxKlaus Tschütscher25 March 2008 – 27 March 2013Finances, FamilyPatriotic UnionDeputy Prime Minister80pxMartin Meyer25 March 2008 – 27 March 2013 Economy, Construction and TransportProgressive Citizens' PartyGovernment councillors80pxRenate Müssner25 March 2008 – 27 March 2013Health, Social affairs, Environment, Space, Agriculture and ForestryPatriotic Union80pxHugo Quaderer25 March 2008 – 27 March 2013Home Affairs, Education and SportPatriotic Union80pxAurelia Frick25 March 2008 – 27 March 2013 Foreign Affairs, Justice and CultureProgressive Citizens' PartyNorbert Hemmerle1 May 2011 – 27 March 2013Government SecretaryIndependentHorst Schädler1 May 2011 – 27 March 2013Head of the Government ChancelleryIndependent" ], [ "See also", "* Politics of Liechtenstein" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "1985 All-East football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1985 All-East football team''' consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1985 NCAA Division I-A football season." ], [ "Offense", "===Quarterback===* John Shaffer, Penn State (AP-1)===Running backs===* Napoleon McCallum, Navy (AP-1)* Paul Palmer, Temple (AP-1)===Tight end===* Scott Gieselman, Boston College (AP-1)===Wide receivers===* Kelvin Martin, Boston College (AP-1)* Scott Schwedes, Syracuse (AP-1)===Tackles===* Randy Dixon, Pitt (AP-1)* Brian Jozwiak, West Virginia (AP-1)===Guards===* John Rienstra, Temple (AP-1)* Don Smith, Army (AP-1)===Center===* Ron Rice, Army (AP-1)===Placekicker===* Massimo Manca, Penn State (AP-1)" ], [ "Defense", "===Ends===* Shane Conlan, Penn State (AP-1)* Fred Smalls, West Virginia (AP-1)===Tackles===* Tim Green, Syracuse (AP-1)* Tim Johnson, Penn State (AP-1)===Middle guard===* Mike Ruth, Boston College (AP-1)===Linebackers===* Rogers Alexander, Penn State (AP-1)* Bill Romanowski, Boston College (AP-1)* Tyronne Stowe, Rutgers (AP-1)===Defensive backs=== * Lance Hamilton, Penn State (AP-1)* Doug Pavek, Army (AP-1)* Mike Zordich, Penn State (AP-1)===Punter=== * John Bruno, Penn State (AP-1)" ], [ "Key", "* AP = Associated Press" ], [ "See also", "* 1985 College Football All-America Team" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Tinuade Sanda" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Dr Tinuade Toyin Sanda''' (born August 6, 1979) is a Nigerian Executive business leader, Founder of EmHERging a mentorship platform and currently the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of EKo Electricity Distribution Company (EKEDC), the largest distribution company in the sub–SaharanAfrican.She was awarded by Nigerian Books of Record for her contributions to the Nigeria power sector and also Africa Safety Award for Excellence (AfriSAFE).She is listed among 5 most influential women in Nigeria and was a key member of the privatisation team that examined Eko Electricity Distribution's finances and taxes and ascended through the ranks to become Chief Finance Officer and Chief Treasury Officer before being named the Disco's first female managing director." ], [ "Education", "Tinuade holds a degree in accounting from the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.", "She obtained a Master's in Business Administration specializing in Strategic Planning from the Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Scotland, UK.", "In 2020, ICON University of Management Science & Technology, Benin Republic awarded her Doctor of Philosophy in Financial Management & Entrepreneurship." ], [ "Career", "Tinuade Sanda is the first female to be appointed as managing director in the history of the Electricity sector in Nigeria.", "She worked Within the banking sector Prior to joining EKEDC in 2013, she was the Head, Finance and Administration at Vanguard Energy Resources.", "She was part of the team that led the acquisition of EKO Disco.In 2023, She contributed to Nigeria's highest ever monthly collections of 16 billion Naira, the lowest ever ATC & C losses of 15.69% in the power sector and In recognition for contributions to the sustainability sector she was invited by The Women in the Sustainable Economy (WISE), launched by Vice President of the United States, Kamala Harris, as part of the Biden-Harris administration's efforts to advance the 2023 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).She initiated the launch of a fast-delivery mass metering programme (Mobile MAP Initiative) in Nigeria, resulting in the delivery of over 80,832 Electricity meter and also the purchase of statistical meters for monitoring all existing feeders, which effectively reduces losses.Tinuade is a member of the power- subcommittee for the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.", "She participates in the electricity market and is a member of the president power sub-committee of the Association of Nigerian Electricity Distributors (ANED), where her innovative ideas have led to positive changes introduced in the financial processes and systems of participants in the power sector." ], [ "Professional and Membership", "She is a fellow of the Institute of Directors Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria, Institute of Credit Management Administration, Institute of Consulting and Institute of Professional Financial Managers, United Kingdom.", "She is also an associate member of Risk Management Association of Nigeria." ], [ "Award and Recongnition", "She was awarded by Nigerian Books of Record, the Africa Safety Award for Excellence (AfriSAFE) as CEO Of the Year (2022) and The Peak Performing (TPP) Award - CEO of The Year." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Pluzhne rural hromada" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Pluzhne rural territorial hromada''' () is one of the hromadas of Ukraine, located in Shepetivka Raion in northern Khmelnytskyi Oblast.", "Its administrative centre is the village of Pluzhne.The hromada has a total population of 7,337 (), as well as an area of ." ], [ "Composition", "The community includes twenty-three villages:" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Amilcar Ferreira" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Amilcar Ferreira Acosta''' (born May 9, 1971) is a Paraguayan economist and politician.", "He is a member of the Partido Encuentro Nacional party in Paraguay.", "Ferreira was a candidate for senator in 2022." ], [ "Early life", "He was born in Yuty, Caazapá.", "He studied at the Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and the Organizacion de Estados Americanos.", "He graduated with a master's degree in business administration from the INCAE Business School." ], [ "Professional life", "He has a consulting firm, named Consultora SEI-Soluciones Empresariales Inteligentes.===Economist===As an economist, he has had his opinion on several economy subjects published.", "for example, he thinks that Paraguay's middle-class does not have a unique definition.In 2016, he was of the opinion that Venezuela had a legitimate claim over some payments that Paraguay owed Venezuela's government-owned petrol company, PDVSA.Other subjects that he has touched upon publicly as an economist are the ongoing situation involving Petropar, a Paraguayan petrol company,and their buying oil at cheaper prices: \"I hope they (the sellers) are not lying to Petropar's president\", he expressed in September 2023.Ferreira has in the past been optimistic about Paraguay's economic future.", "His opinion about the country's economy for 2023 was a positive one, as he expected it to improve due to an increase in production in the South American country.===Political career===According to him, Ferreira was invited to a meeting by three politicians, Soledad Núňez, Fernando Camacho and Kattya González, to join their party and run for senator.", "Núňez was one of the party's pre-candidates for the country's vice-presidential position and later ran for vice-president of Paraguay.", "Ferreira spoke to his family about it and decided to run for the position." ], [ "Personal life", "Ferreira is married and has two kids." ], [ "See also", "*List of Paraguayans" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Brian Merchant" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Brian Merchant''' is a technology journalist.He is the technology columnist at the ''Los Angeles Times''." ], [ "Biography", "Merchant is from Sacramento, California.", "He is a graduate of UC Santa Barbara.He co-founded Terraform at Vice.In January 2023, he became the technology columnist at the ''Los Angeles Times''." ], [ "Books", "*''The One Device: the Secret History of the iPhone'' (Little, Brown, 2017)*''Blood in the Machine: the Origins of the Rebellion against Big Tech (Little, Brown, 2023)" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", " Official website" ] ]
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[ [ "1986 All-East football team" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1986 All-East football team''' consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press as the best players at each position among the Eastern colleges and universities during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season." ], [ "Offense", "===Quarterback===* John Shaffer, Penn State (AP-1)* Lee Saltz, Temple (AP-2)===Running backs===* D. J. Dozier, Penn State (AP-1)* Paul Palmer, Temple (AP-1)* Craig Heyward, Pitt (AP-2)* Troy Stradford, Boston College (AP-2)===Tight end===* Mike Hinnant, Temple (AP-1)* Brian Siverling, Penn State (AP-2)===Wide receivers===* Kelvin Martin, Boston College (AP-1)* Scott Schwedes, Syracuse (AP-1)* Keith Gloster, Temple (AP-2)* Eric Hamilton, Penn State (AP-2)===Tackles===* Chris Conlin, Penn State (AP-1)* Randy Dixon, Pitt (AP-1)* Rob Dickerson, Army (AP-2)* Brian Smider, West Virginia (AP-2)===Guards===* Mark Stepnoski, Pitt (AP-1)* Steve Trapilo, Boston College (AP-1)* Dan Morgan, Penn State (AP-2)* Joe Wolf, Boston College (AP-2)===Center===* Keith Radecic, Penn State (AP-1)* Mike Dillon, Rutgers (AP-2)===Placekicker===* Massimo Manca, Penn State (AP-1)* Bill Wright, Temple (AP-2)" ], [ "Defense", "===Ends===* Shane Conlan, Penn State (AP-1)* Tony Woods, Pitt (AP-1)* Don Graham, Penn State (AP-2)* Jeff Ward, Temple (AP-2)===Tackles===* John Bosa, Boston College (AP-1)* Tim Johnson, Penn State (AP-1)* Harry Swayne, Rutgers (AP-2)* Bob White, Penn State (AP-2)===Nose guard===* Mike Russo, Penn State (AP-1)* Jim Brock, Army (AP-2)===Linebackers===* Bill Romanowski, Boston College (AP-1)* Tyronne Stowe, Rutgers (AP-1)* Tim Pidgeon, Syracuse (AP-2)* Matt Smith, West Virginia (AP-2)===Defensive backs=== * Duffy Cobbs, Penn State (AP-1)* Marc Firlie, Navy (AP-1)* Ray Isom, Penn State (AP-1)* Billy Owens, Pitt (AP-1)* Larry Brewton, Temple (AP-2)* Travis Curtis, West Virginia (AP-2)* Karl Kreshpane, Boston College (AP-2)* Gary Richard, Pitt (AP-2)===Punter=== * John Bruno, Penn State (AP-1)* Jim Fox, Syracuse (AP-2)" ], [ "Key", "* AP = Associated Press" ], [ "See also", "* 1986 College Football All-America Team" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Lasso (album)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Lasso''''' is the upcoming tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey.", "It is scheduled to be released in September 2024, through Interscope Records and Polydor Records.", "The album is set to mark the first official country project by the singer." ], [ "Background", "Based on her previous works, Lana Del Rey has been labeled an \"alt-pop\" or alternative pop artist by critics.", "She believed that after her 2019 album ''Norman Fucking Rockwell!", "'', things took a \"huge turn\"; she feared that she would be \"scared into making safe choices\" and decided to take \"cool-off\"s after releases to \"reevaluate things\".", "In November 2020, Del Rey considered releasing \"a digital record of American standards and classics for Christmas\" but ended up not doing so.The following year, Del Rey announced that she had recorded an entire cover album of country songs, inspired by her singles \"Ride\" (2012) and \"Video Games\" (2011); she elaborated: \"I went back and listened to 'Ride' and 'Video Games' and thought, you know they're kind of country.", "Maybe the way 'Video Games' got remastered, they're pop—but there's something Americana about it for sure.\"", "On September 20, 2023, half a year from the release of her album ''Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd'', Del Rey revealed that she had been working on an album concept that was more \"in an Americana vein\".For the remainder of the year, Del Rey decided to test \"the country waters\" by performing a cover of \"Stand by Your Man\" in September, a rendition of \"Unchained Melody\" in November and releasing a cover version of \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\" in December.", "During a speech at the NMPA Songwriter Awards on January 31, 2024, Del Rey paid tribute to long-time collaborator Jack Antonoff and announced that they would be \"going country\" for her next musical endeavour, spurred by numerous commercially successful mainstream releases in 2023.The change of genres would mark a significant departure from predominantly alternative pop musical output.", "The singer also announced the title to be ''Lasso'' and that it is slated for release in September 2024." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Voting Credential" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Voting Credential''' (Spanish: ''Credencial para Votar''), also known as '''Elector Credential''' (Spanish: ''Credencial de Elector''), '''INE Card''' (Spanish: ''Tarjeta INE''; formerly '''IFE Card''', Spanish: ''Tarjeta IFE''), and '''Mexican Voter ID Card''' (Spanish: ''Tarjeta de Identificación de Votación Mexicana''), is an official document issued by the National Electoral Institute (INE) that allows Mexican citizens of legal age to participate in local and federal elections in Mexico, in addition to being the most accepted document as official identification for all civil, administrative, commercial, labor, judicial and, in general, all acts in which, by law, the person must identify themselves.", "It is considered the '''Mexican Identity Card''' (Spanish: ''Cédula de Identidad Mexicana'')." ], [ "Procedure", "The voting credential is processed by Mexicans over 18 years of age who have Mexican Nationality either by birth or by naturalization.", "Once the terms established by law have been met, the procedure is carried out at the INE module closest to the interested party's domicile by presenting one of the following documents:===Documents to request the Credential===* Nationality document** Birth certificate.", "** Naturalization letter.", "* Photo identification** Mexican passport.", "** Professional license.", "** Driver's license.", "** National Military Service Card.", "** Public service credential.", "** Documents from public or private schools.", "** Credentials of beneficiaries.", "** Work identification credentials.", "* Proof of address" ], [ "Information displayed on the voting credential", "The voting credential contains the following information:* Full name* Sex* Address (Currently, the appearance of the address on the front is at the discretion of the applicant: If you receive a YES, the person who attends the window will add your address on the front of the plastic.", "If you receive a NO, the impression will be made without the address, for the greater convenience of the person requesting)* CURP (Unique Population Registry Code)* Elector key* Registration year* Birthdate* Electoral section* Validity* Photography* Signature" ], [ "Security elements", "===Obverse===On the front, the credential has the following security elements:;UV InkThe colors of ultraviolet inks are perceptible with black light, it contains printed fixed data (INE, MEXICO), images and variable data of the citizen.", ";Weakened PatternThe design of the security background is integrated with the border of the photograph, giving the appearance of merging this image with the rest of the credential design.", ";\"Guilloche\" DesignsAll credentials have a pattern of figures formed with fine lines that are generally difficult to imitate with printers or photocopiers; if you try, you get points and not lines.", ";MicrotextThey contain the legend: NATIONAL ELECTORAL INSTITUTE, which is not legible with the naked eye.", ";Rainbow PrintThey have line patterns printed with two or more simultaneous colors of ink that form representative images of each region of the country with a rainbow effect.", ";Touch ElementWhen you touch it with your fingertips, you can see the initials of the INE and the ballot entering the ballot box.", ";Ghost Photography with Variable DataGhost photography is strengthened as a security element by applying software that creates the image from citizen data with a variable pattern, which makes it unique and difficult to reproduce.", ";OVI InkSpecialized printing ink that changes color depending on the angle of light at which it is observed.", "On the Voting Credential you can see the change in color of the map of the Mexican Republic that is in the lower right, as well as the left strip that is located next to the citizen's photograph.", ";Embossed DesignAll badges have lines with special designs that simulate an embossed effect.", "This effect is very difficult to reproduce with a scanner or digital photographs.", "On the back of the credentials you can see an image formed with the names of all the entities in the country.", ";Optically Variable Element (OVD)The device changes color, depending on the angle of light at which it is observed, the images that are seen are.", "the INE logo, the ballot box, the coat of arms of Mexico and a flag effect.===Reverse===On the back, the credential has the following security elements:;UV InkOn the back, all credentials have the citizen's photograph printed with ink that reacts to ultraviolet light or black light.", ";MicrotextIn the outline where the boxes are located to mark the vote, there is a microtext that is not readable with the naked eye.embossed design Voting Credential;Embossed DesignAll credentials have lines with special designs that simulate a relief effect that is difficult to reproduce with a scanner or digital photographs.", "On the credentials you can see an image with the names of the country's entities.", ";Rainbow PrintThey have printed line patterns with two or more simultaneous colors of ink that simulate the effect of a rainbow.", ";QR CodeThis element can be scanned by a smart phone and directs you to a page of services offered by the INE for citizens, where you can access to schedule an appointment, locate the module that corresponds to you, and verify the validity of your Credential.", ";Two-Dimensional QR CodesThese elements can be scanned by an exclusive INE application that is more agile and easier to optimize the verification of the Voting Credential.", "In addition, the way in which the data is generated in the QR codes allows us to guarantee that they were issued by the INE, preventing the use of false or altered Credentials.", ";OVI InkThe credentials are printed with a special ink that generates a change in color variably depending on the angle of observation or lighting.", "This effect can be seen on the credential in the INE logo located in the upper right." ], [ "History", "After the creation of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) in 1990, the creation of an identification was promoted for Mexicans to exercise their electoral political rights.", "The first voting credential was called the '''Orange Credential''' (Spanish: ''Credencial Naranja'') in reference to its color.===First voting credential with photo===In 1992 the IFE created the first voting credential with a photograph; This implemented as another security measure to avoid misuse such as identity theft.===2014 IFE-INE Reform===After the electoral political reform of the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) to the National Electoral Institute (INE) in 2014, the credential did not undergo so many changes since only the logo and the name of the institution were updated.===2020 Voting Credential===After the voting credential was falsified and sold to migrants from Honduras and Guatemala, the INE updated the data on the voting credentials, registered the citizens' data in QR codes and created an application for verification against the electoral roll." ], [ "See also", "* Unique Population Registry Code (CURP)* Identity document* Mexican nationality law" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "Doctor Homer's Brother" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Doctor Homer's Brother''''' (Serbo-Croatian: ''Brat doktora Homera'', Serbian Cyrillic: ''Брат доктора Хомера'') is a 1968 Yugoslav feature film written and directed by Živorad \"Žika\" Mitrović.The film, which resembles some of Mitrović's earlier partisan films, was strongly influenced by Hollywood westerns, as well as the then-popular Yugoslav Black Wave, as evident in its depiction of corrupt government officials in postwar Yugoslavia." ], [ "Plot", "The films takes place in 1945 in Kosovo, a few months after the end of the Second World War, the consequences of which are still evident in general poverty, typhus epidemics, but also the activities of the remnants of defeated Ballists who are hiding in the mountains.", "The protagonist Simon Petrović is a young man who returns to his hometown after spending four years in a German prison camp and is faced with the fact that his fiancée Vera has left him and married his brother Homer.", "Simon is even more affected by the fact that his father, a respected judge, was killed in suspicious circumstances, and although the culprit was found and caught for the crime, he decides to reveal the truth and finally take revenge on the perpetrators." ], [ "Cast", "* Velimir Bata Živojinović as Simon Petrović* Voja Mirić as doctor Homer* Jovan Milićević as Captain Vuk* Ljuba Tadić as monk* Pavle Vuisić as Atanas* Zdravka Krstulović as Ana* Jelena Žigon as Vera* Petre Prličko as doctor* Stole Aranđelović as Kurteš* Boris Beginov* Faruk Begoli as peasant* Istref Begoli* Milan Bosiljčić Beli* Darko Damevski as bandit* Vukan Dinevski* Panče Kamdžik* Dragi Kostovski* Todor Nikolovski* Abdurahman Šalja as Major Fadilj* Zlatibor Stoimirov* Minja Vojvodić* Janez Vrhovec as Pera Špricer" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "2024 Étoile de Bessèges" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2024 Étoile de Bessèges – Tour du Gard''' () was a road cycling stage race that took place between 31 January and 4 February 2024 almost entirely within the French department of Gard.", "The race was rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar and was the 54th edition of the Étoile de Bessèges." ], [ "Teams", "Seven of the 18 UCI WorldTeams, eight UCI ProTeams, and four UCI Continental teams make up the 19 teams that participated in the race.", "Each team entered a full squad of seven riders with the exception of entering six, for a total of 132 riders who started the race.", "'''UCI WorldTeams'''* * * * * * * '''UCI ProTeams'''* * * * * * * * '''UCI Continental Teams'''* * * *" ], [ "Route", "+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Stage winner 1 31 January Bellegarde to Bellegarde alt= Flat stage ''Cancelled'' 2 1 February Marguerittes to Rousson alt= Hilly stage 3 2 February Bessèges to Bessèges alt= Hilly stage 4 3 February Méjannes-le-Clap to Méjannes-le-Clap alt= Hilly stage 5 4 February Alès to Alès alt= Individual time trial Total" ], [ "Stages", "=== Stage 1 ===;31 January 2024 – Bellegarde to Bellegarde, Cancelled due to requests from the prefecture because of ongoing farmers protests.=== Stage 2 ===;1 February 2024 – Marguerittes to Rousson, === Stage 3 ===;2 February 2024 – Bessèges to Bessèges, === Stage 4 ===;3 February 2024 – Méjannes-le-Clap to Méjannes-le-Clap, === Stage 5 ===;4 February 2024 – Alès to Alès, , (ITT)" ], [ "Classification leadership table", "+ Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Points classification Mountains classification Young rider classification Team classification 1 ''stage cancelled'' 2 Axel Laurance Axel Laurance Axel Laurance Jean-Louis Le Ny Axel Laurance 3 Mads Pedersen Mads Pedersen Mads Pedersen Jonas Abrahamsen 4 Samuel Leroux 5 Kévin Vauquelin Kévin Vauquelin Final Mads Pedersen Kévin Vauquelin" ], [ "Classification standings", " Legend Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the points classification Denotes the winner of the mountains classification Denotes the winner of the young rider classification=== General classification ===+ Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 11h 24' 34\" 2 + 2\" 3 + 32\" 4 + 43\" 5 + 51\" 6 + 51\" 7 + 54\" 8 + 56\" 9 + 58\" 10 + 59\"=== Points classification ===+ Final points classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 72 2 42 3 37 4 35 5 30 6 29 7 24 8 21 9 21 10 20=== Mountains classification ===+ Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 42 2 16 3 14 4 14 5 12 6 12 7 12 8 12 9 10 10 8=== Young rider classification ===+ Final young rider classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 11h 24' 36\" 2 + 52\" 3 + 54\" 4 + 1' 01\" 5 + 1' 29\" 6 + 2' 21\" 7 + 3' 54\" 8 + 4' 29\" 9 + 4' 38\" 10 + 5' 08\"===Teams classification===+ Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time 1 34h 16' 26\" 2 + 24\" 3 + 41\" 4 + 53\" 5 + 1' 55\" 6 + 1' 57\" 7 + 3' 12\" 8 + 3' 15\" 9 + 3' 21\" 10 + 3' 29\"" ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "Thomas Hacking" ], [ "Introduction", " '''Thomas James Hacking''' (23 June 1857 - 21 November 1934) was an English footballer, who was a goalkeeper for Blackburn Olympic in its FA Cup-winning side in 1883.The Blackburn Olympic side in 1882, Hacking in the back row, wearing the striped jersey" ], [ "Early life", "Hacking was born on 23 June 1857 in Blackburn, the son of William (a shoemaker) and Ellen Hacking.He trained as a dentist, and in 1878 was one of the first tranche of dentists to register with the General Medical Council, in accordance with the Dentists Act that year, having been in practice before 22 July." ], [ "Football career", "Hacking's first known appearance in the game was in goal for Blackburn Olympic in a 4–1 home friendly win over Welsh Cup holders Wrexham in October 1880; from February 1881, he was the first choice in the Olympic goal, replacing Baldwin.", "He appeared in the FA Cup for the first time in Olympic's second entry, in 1881–82; despite his \"grand vigilance\" in goal, Olympic went down 3–1 at Darwen in the first round.", "However he finished the season with a winners' medal in the 1881–82 East Lancashire Charity Cup, as Olympic beat Blackburn Rovers 5–2 in the final in August 1882, the final delayed significantly as Olympic successfully protested its defeat to Accrington on the basis that the Owd Reds had fielded an ineligible player.His second season in the FA Cup, in 1882–83, saw Olympic win the Cup, in large part to Hacking's performance in the 1883 FA Cup final against the Old Etonians, especially in the last minute when he ran out of goal to tackle Macaulay when he had gone clean through.", "Despite this national success, the Light Blues had less success on a local level.", "Hacking missed the 1882-83 East Lancashire Charity Cup final against Blackburn Rovers, which perhaps explains why Rovers won 6–2.Rovers also beat Olympic in the Lancashire Senior Cup finals of 1884 and 1885, Hacking only playing in the first final.Hacking refused to turn professional, his final FA Cup match coming in a 3–2 defeat to the now-dominant - and much better-backed - Rovers in 1884–85, and had more or less retired from the game by 1885; he was registered as an amateur player only for the 1885–86 season.", "He nearly came out of retirement to help Olympic after replacement goalkeeper Southworth had been deemed ineligible for the 1885–86 FA Cup, but a death in the family meant he had to withdraw from the first-round tie with Church, and the Olympic duly went out.", "His final games for the Olympic were in friendly matches in the 1886–87 season.", "His very last match in Olympic colours was in a match between former players of the Olympic and the Rovers in March 1892, in front of nearly 4,000 at Ewood Park, for the benefit of former Olympic chairman John Dixon, although he only played for the first half.Hacking never played international football, but he did represent the Lancashire Association in inter-county matches between 1881 and 1884." ], [ "Post-football", "Hacking worked as a dentist in Blackburn until he retired to run a boarding estalishment in Llandudno called \"Stratford\", on Craig-y-Don Parade, in 1922.He died there on 21 November 1934.He was survived by his two daughters." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Dundas baronets of Arniston (1898)" ], [ "Introduction", "Escutcheon of the Dundas baronets of ArnistonThe '''Dundas baronetcy''', of Arniston in the County of Midlothian, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 18 June 1898 for Robert Dundas, Chairman of the Midlothian County Council.", "The title became extinct on the death of the 7th Baronet in 1970." ], [ "Dundas baronets, of Arniston (1898)", "*Sir Robert Dundas, 1st Baronet (1823–1909)*Sir Robert Dundas, 2nd Baronet (1857–1910)*Sir Henry Herbert Philip Dundas, 3rd Baronet (1866–1930)*Sir Philip Dundas, 4th Baronet (1899–1952)*Sir Henry Matthew Dundas, 5th Baronet (1937–1963)*Sir James Durham Dundas, 6th Baronet (1905–1967)*Sir Thomas Calderwood Dundas, 7th Baronet (1906–1970).", "He left no heir." ], [ "Notes" ] ]
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[ [ "Cullen v. Pinholster" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Cullen v. Pinholster''''', 563 U.S. 170, is a 2011 United States Supreme Court case concerning evidentiary development in federal habeas corpus proceedings.", "Oral arguments in the case took place on November 9, 2010, and the Supreme Court issued its decision on April 4, 2011.The Supreme Court held 5–4 that only evidence originally presented before the state court in which the claim was originally adjudicated on the merits could be presented when raising a claim under (d)(1), and that evidence from a federal habeas court could not be presented in such proceedings.", "It also held that the convicted murderer Scott Pinholster, the respondent in the case, was not entitled to the habeas relief he had been granted by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit." ], [ "Background", "Scott Lynn Pinholster was convicted of two counts of first-degree murder in connection with the fatal stabbing of two men in the Tarzana neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on January 9, 1982.In 1992, the California Supreme Court unanimously affirmed his conviction and sentence.", "Pinholster filed a state habeas petition in 1993, which the California Supreme Court also unanimously denied.In November 1997, Pinholster again petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus, this time in the United States District Court for the Central District of California.", "This petition alleged that Pinholster had received ineffective assistance of counsel at the penalty phase of his trial, claiming that his lawyers during that trial had failed to adequately investigate and present mitigating evidence of his mental disorders.", "Pinholster also moved for an evidentiary hearing, which the District Court granted.", "After the hearing concluded, the District Court granted Pinholster habeas relief, but a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit subsequently reversed this decision.", "The entire Ninth Circuit then reheard the case ''en banc'', vacated the three-judge panel's opinion, and affirmed the District Court's decision to grant habeas relief.", "This decision was based on evidence presented to the District Court, and concluded that the California Supreme Court had unreasonably applied ''Strickland v. Washington'' when it decided to deny Pinholster habeas relief.", "Consequently, the en banc Ninth Circuit concluded that the California Supreme Court's decision to deny Pinholster such relief previously was \"contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law\" as per (d)(1).", "The Supreme Court granted certiorari in the case on June 14, 2010." ], [ "Opinion", "On April 4, 2011, the Supreme Court issued a 5–4 opinion reversing the Ninth Circuit's decision to grant habeas relief.", "The Court held that only evidence from the state court record could be considered when hearing a claim under (d)(1).", "It also reinstated Pinholster's death sentence, concluding that insofar as he had received ineffective assistance of counsel, that there was \"no reasonable probability\" that the evidence that was not presented at trial due to ineffective assistance would have changed the jury's verdict.", "The majority opinion was written by Clarence Thomas and joined by Chief Justice John Roberts as well as Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and (with the exception of part II) Samuel Alito.", "Justice Stephen Breyer joined only parts I and II of the majority opinion, and also filed his own opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part.", "Alito filed an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment.", "Sonia Sotomayor wrote the only dissenting opinion, in which she was joined by both Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan, but only in part II." ], [ "Impact", "The Supreme Court's decision in ''Pinholster'' prevented federal courts from considering new evidence when evaluating claims previously adjudicated in state court.", "This created a problem for some defendants whose state court proceedings lacked an adequately developed factual record, as they could no longer turn to federal courts to supplement that record.", "A 2013 article in the ''Stanford Law Review'' criticized the reasoning underlying ''Pinholster'', arguing that the decision \"takes advantage of AEDPA’s textual ambiguities to pursue its preferred set of background principles in ways which are both incorrect, in that its decision does not serve the interests it purports to, and incomplete, in that it ignores both the countervailing interests in remedying violations of defendants’ constitutional rights and the norm of counterfactual acceptance.\"", "Similarly, a 2015 article in the ''Michigan Law Review'' criticized ''Pinholster'' for preventing federal courts from considering evidence outside of the state court record, given that some state court habeas defendants receive ineffective assistance of counsel, and thus do not sufficiently develop the evidentiary record in state court." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Tibor Ág" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Tibor Ág''' (13 April 1928 – 29 August 2013) was a Hungarian-Slovak folk music researcher, choirmaster, composer and music educator.", "He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Arts, member of the Hungarian Scout Association of Slovakia, honorary troop commander of the Arany János 23rd Arany Scout Troop in Nagymegyer." ], [ "Career", "Tibor Ág was born on 13 April 1928 in Bratislava.", "He studied musicology and humanities at the Comenius University in Bratislava.", "His interests and research were focused on folk music, i.e.", "folk song and ballad collection.", "He made his first two-week ethnographic collecting trip with András Takács, a folk dance collector, in the last week of December and the first week of January 1951.During their journey they followed the paths of Zoltán Kodály, János Manga and László Adalbert Arany folk song collectors from Zoborod, supplemented by Martos.", "András Takács later said of their journey, \"Despite the hard experiences, the war, the evictions, the confiscations, the statelessness, we were welcomed by the common people, and this had a very positive influence on both of our professional lives.\"", "Tibor Ág became a member, later a leader and teacher of Hungarian art ensembles in Slovakia from 1953, and András Takács became a dance choreographer.", "In Easter 1952, he collected the living traditional heritage in the Bodrog and Ung regions of eastern Slovakia.", "Since 1967 the Csemadok Central Committee in Bratislava.", "He collected thousands of songs in the Hungarian-inhabited areas of Czechoslovakia, most of which are in the data archive of the Csemadok KB.He also has a lot of his own collected music, but also lyrics, which are waiting to be matched with melodies.", "He lived and worked in Nagymegyer, and he was enthusiastic about processing his own collections.He is a prominent leading figure in the Hungarian choral movement in Slovakia.", "In 1968, one year before the Hungary \"Fly the Peacock... (Röpülj páva)\" contest, he organised the nationwide folk song contest \"Spring Wind Floods Water...\", which is still alive today.", "There were years when more than 5,000 singer-performers were activated.", "His musical publications and studies have appeared in Irodalmi Szemle, A Hétben, Népművelás, Néprajzi Közlemények and in independent volumes.He became involved in the scout movement in his hometown as a youth.", "In 1938 he took the scout oath.", "When the Hungarian scout movement in the Highlands was re-established, he became involved in scouting again, and in the early years of the re-establishment of the Hungarian Scout Association of Slovakia he contributed a great deal to the development of the musical requirements of the SZMCS rehearsal system and its practical teaching.", "For many years he was a columnist for the newspaper \"Scout\", and he has published two methodological publications (the \"Come with me - pass it on!", "A handbook for traditional scouts and Who plays this?", "A selection from our folk children's play tradition), as well as being the curator, editor and producer of the songbook and cassette \"A Scout's Song in the Air\".", "In Nagymegyer, he helped to train the Scouts of Nagymegyer when the Scout Troop was re-established, and was the Scout Troop Commander from 1994-1998, later Honorary Troop Commander for life.Tibor Ág died on 29 August 2013 in Nagymegyer." ], [ "Main works", "*Dalolj velünk (folk songs, 1953)*00 szlovákiai magyar népdal (100 Hungarian folk songs from Slovakia) (1957)*Takács András-Ág Tibor: ''Folk dance and rhythm exercises''; Pedagogické Nakladatelstvo, Bratislava, 1966*Katalin Szakáll: ''The classical dance technique''/Tibor Ág: ''Music reading and writing''; Osvetovy ústav, Bratislava, 1973*My Mother's Rose Tree (Palóc folk songs, 1974, 1995)*Vétessék ki szóló szívem.", "Szlovákiai magyar népballadák :''Let my solo heart be taken out.", "Hungarian folk ballads from Slovakia''; published by Tibor Ág, Ferenc Sima; Gondolat-Madách, Bp.-Bratislava, 1979*Ág Tibor-Jarábik Imre.", "A collection of songs and choirs'' / ''Zbornik piesni a zborov.", "For primary school grades 5-8''; SPN, Bratislava, 1983" ], [ "References" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "1977–78 Northampton Town F.C. season" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''1977–78 season''' was Northampton Town's 81st season in their history and the first season back in the Fourth Division following relegation the previous season.", "Alongside competing in Division Four, the club also participated in the FA Cup and League Cup." ], [ "Players", " Name Position Nat.", "Place of Birth Date of Birth (Age) Apps Goals Previous club Date signed Fee GoalkeepersCarl JayesGK|Leicester|270Leicester CityNovember 1977Jeff PartonGK|Swansea|300BurnleySummer 1975 DefendersSteve BryantLB|London|742Birmingham CityDecember 1976Tony GeidmintisRB|London|180WatfordFebruary 1978£8,000Steve Litt (c)CB|Carlisle|220Minnesota KicksSeptember 1977Dave LyonCB|Altrincham|60Cambridge UnitedOctober 1977Peter MeadLB|Luton|391Luton TownAugust 1977Stuart RobertsonCB|Nottingham|23723Doncaster RoversSummer 1972 MidfieldersBilly BestU|Glasgow|27156Southend UnitedSummer 1973Derrick ChristieW|Bletchley|13617ApprenticeJanuary 1974N/AJohn FarringtonW|Lynemouth|17019Cardiff CitySummer 1974David LiddleCM|Bedford|322ApprenticeJuly 1977N/ADon MartinU|Corby|25281Blackburn RoversNovember 1975Andy McGowanCM|Corby|11114ApprenticeJune 1975N/AKim WassellW|Wolverhampton|70West Bromwich AlbionSeptember 1977Keith WilliamsCM|Dudley|493Aston VillaFebruary 1977 ForwardsKeith BowenFW|Northampton|10ApprenticeSummer 1976N/AJim HallFW|Northampton|13635Peterborough UnitedSummer 1975George ReillyFW|Bellshill|7224Corby TownJune 1976Paul StratfordFW|Northampton|18861ApprenticeSummer 1972N/A" ], [ "Competitions", "===Division Four=======League table========Results summary========League position by match========Matches=======FA Cup======League Cup======Appearances and goals=== Player Division Four FA Cup League Cup Total Starts Sub Goals Starts Sub Goals Starts Sub Goals Starts Sub Goals GK Carl Jayes 25 – – 2 – – – – – '''27''' '''–''' '''–''' GK Jeff Parton 10 – – – – – 2 – – '''12''' '''–''' '''–''' DF Steve Bryant 39 2 2 2 – – 3 – – '''44''' '''2''' '''2''' DF Tony Geidmintis 18 – – – – – – – – '''18''' '''–''' '''–''' DF Steve Litt 19 1 – 2 – – – – – '''21''' '''1''' '''–''' DF Dave Lyon 6 – – – – – – – – '''6''' '''–''' '''–''' DF Peter Mead 37 1 1 – – – – 1 – '''37''' '''2''' '''1''' DF Stuart Robertson 38 – 3 2 – – 3 – – '''43''' '''–''' '''3''' MF Billy Best 33 1 2 1 – – 3 – – '''37''' '''1''' '''2''' MF Derrick Christie 39 4 9 2 – 1 1 1 – '''42''' '''5''' '''10''' MF John Farrington 44 – 7 2 – – 3 – 1 '''49''' '''–''' '''8''' MF David Liddle 25 2 2 2 – – 3 – – '''30''' '''2''' '''2''' MF Andy McGowan 30 2 6 – – – 2 – – '''32''' '''2''' '''6''' MF Don Martin 16 9 7 2 – 1 2 – 1 '''20''' '''9''' '''9''' MF Kim Wassell 3 4 – – – – – – – '''3''' '''4''' '''–''' MF Keith Williams 25 3 1 – 1 – 3 – 1 '''28''' '''4''' '''2''' FW Keith Bowen – – – – – – – – – '''–''' '''–''' '''–''' FW Jim Hall 10 – 1 1 – – – – – '''11''' '''–''' '''1''' FW George Reilly 44 – 21 2 – – 3 – 1 '''49''' '''–''' '''22''' FW Paul Stratford 2 – – – – – – – – '''2''' '''–''' '''–''' ''Non-professional:'' DF Arthur Poppy 1 – – – – – – – – '''1''' '''–''' '''–''' ''Players who left before end of season:'' GK ''Stuart Garnham'' 11 – – – – – 1 – – '''12''' '''–''' '''–''' DF Barry Tucker 28 – 1 2 – – 3 – – '''33''' '''–''' '''1''' FW Ray Haywood 3 – – – – – 1 – – '''4''' '''–''' '''–'''" ], [ "References", "'''Books'''*" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Greater East Side, Saint Paul" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Greater East Side''' is a neighborhood and city district in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the United States.", "The community lies in the northeastern corner of the city and is bounded by Larpenteur Avenue on the north, Minnehaha Avenue on the south, McKnight Road on the east, and Johnson Parkway and English Street on the west.", "It is part of a group of neighborhoods collectively known as the East Side.The area is largely residential with an \"urban suburban\" mix, according to the neighborhood review site, Niche.", "A pair of adjacent parks in the neighborhood, Prosperity Park and Prosperity Heights Park, contain a playground, athletic fields, walking trails, and a 10-acre natural area.", "The southeast part of the neighborhood is home to a large 3M warehouse for receiving and storing raw materials." ], [ "History", "The East Side of Saint Paul was settled by waves of European immigrants beginning in the 1850s and drawn by manufacturing jobs in the area.", "The first wave was mostly from Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia.", "By the early 1900s, many immigrants were coming from southern and eastern Europe.", "The most recent immigrants have been Hmong refugees from Vietnam, beginning in the 1970s.The Greater East Side has always been a working-class neighborhood, with nearby Hamm’s and Whirlpool being major employers during the middle of the 20th Century." ], [ "Demographics", "According to the 2020 census, the population of the neighborhood was 31,104, with 46.8% being male and 53.2% being female.", "In terms of ethnic background, 33.9% of the population identifies as Asian or Pacific Islander, 33.1% of the population identifies as White, 14.7% identifies as Black or African American, and 11.6% identifies as Hispanic or Latino.", "In terms of language, 57.4% speak English only, 42.6% speak a language other than English, and 23.3% speak English less than \"very well.\"" ], [ "Education", "Public and charter schools in the Greater East Side neighborhood include Academia Cesar Chavez, Achieve Language Academy, Cornerstone Montessori, Frost Lake Elementary School, Hazel Park Preparatory, The Heights Community School, L'Etoile du Nord French Immersion Lower Campus, Nokomis Montessori Magnet School, and Txuj Ci Hmong Language and Culture Upper Campus.The Hayden Heights Library, a branch of the Saint Paul Public Library, is located in the neighborhood on White Bear Avenue." ], [ "References" ] ]
wikipedia
[ [ "Modern influence of Ancient Greece" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Modern influence of ancient Greece''' refers to the influence of Ancient Greece on later periods of history, from Medieval times up to the current modern era.", "Greek culture and philosophy has a disproprtionate influence on modern society and its core culture, in comparison to other ancient societies of similar settings." ], [ "Background", "The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, located on the Acropolis in Athens, is one of the most representative symbols of the culture and sophistication of the ancient Greeks.===Classics===Classics is the study of classical antiquity.", "In the Western world, ''classics'' traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin.", "Classics also includes Greco-Roman philosophy, history, archaeology, anthropology, art, mythology and society as secondary subjects.In Western civilization, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was traditionally considered to be the foundation of the humanities and has traditionally been the cornerstone of a typical elite European education.===Classical tradition===Vergil leading Dante on his journey in the ''Inferno'', an image that dramatizes the continuity of the classical tradition (''Dante and Vergil in Hell'' by Delacroix, 1823)The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture, cultural artifacts, rituals, practices, and sayings.", "Philosophy, political thought, and mythology are three major examples of how classical culture survives and continues to have influence.", "The West is one of a number of world cultures regarded as having a classical tradition, including the Indian, Chinese, and Islamic traditions.The study of the classical tradition differs from classical philology, which seeks to recover \"the meanings that ancient texts had in their original contexts.\"", "It examines both later efforts to uncover the realities of the Greco-Roman world and \"creative misunderstandings\" that reinterpret ancient values, ideas and aesthetic models for contemporary use.", "The classicist and translator Charles Martindale has defined the reception of classical antiquity as \"a two-way process ... in which the present and the past are in dialogue with each other.", "\"===Classical Greece===Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (the 5th and 4th centuries BC) in Ancient Greece, marked by much of the eastern Aegean and northern regions of Greek culture (such as Ionia and Macedonia) gaining increased autonomy from the Persian Empire; the peak flourishing of democratic Athens; the First and Second Peloponnesian Wars; the Spartan and then Theban hegemonies; and the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II.Much of the early defining politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature and philosophy of Western civilization derives from this period of Greek history, which had a powerful influence on the later Roman Empire.", "Part of the broader era of classical antiquity, the classical Greek era ended after Philip II's unification of most of the Greek world against the common enemy of the Persian Empire, which was conquered within 13 years during the wars of Alexander the Great, Philip's son.In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the '''Classical period''' corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC).", "The Classical period in this sense follows the Greek Dark Ages and Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.===Classical Era===The Classical Era, also known as the classical period, or classical age, is the period of history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD.", "It is the period in which ancient Greece and ancient Rome flourished and wielded huge influence throughout much of Europe, North Africa, and West Asia.", "These civilizations were centered on the Mediterranean Basin, and known together as the Greco-Roman World.Conventionally, it is taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Epic Greek poetry of Homer (8th–7th-century BC) and ends with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.", "Such a wide span of history and territory covers many disparate cultures and periods.", "''Classical antiquity'' may also refer to an idealized vision among later people of what was, in Edgar Allan Poe's words, \"the glory that was Greece, and the grandeur that was Rome\".The culture of the ancient Greeks, together with some influences from the ancient Near East, was the basis of art, philosophy, society, and education in the Mediterranean and Near East until the Roman imperial period.", "The Romans preserved, imitated, and spread this culture over Europe, until they were able to compete with it, and the classical world began to speak Latin along with Greek.", "This Greco-Roman cultural foundation has been immensely influential on the language, politics, law, educational systems, philosophy, science, warfare, poetry, historiography, ethics, rhetoric, art and architecture of the modern world.Surviving fragments of classical culture led to a revival beginning in the 14th century which later came to be known as the Renaissance, and various neo-classical revivals occurred in the 18th and 19th centuries.===Transmission of Greek Classics===The ideas of Aristotle and Plato, shown in Raphael's ''The School of Athens'', were partly lost to Western Europeans for centuries.The transmission of the Greek Classics to Latin Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe.", "Interest in Greek texts and their availability was scarce in the Latin West during the Early Middle Ages, but as traffic to the East increased, so did Western scholarship.Classical Greek philosophy consisted of various original works ranging from those from Ancient Greece (e.g.", "Aristotle) to those Greco-Roman scholars in the classical Roman Empire (e.g.", "Ptolemy).", "Though these works were originally written in Greek, for centuries the language of scholarship in the Mediterranean region, many were translated into Syriac, Arabic, and Persian during the Middle Ages and the original Greek versions were often unknown to the West.", "With increasing Western presence in the East due to the Crusades, and the gradual collapse of the Byzantine Empire during the Late Middle Ages, many Byzantine Greek scholars fled to Western Europe, bringing with them many original Greek manuscripts, and providing impetus for Greek-language education in the West and further translation efforts of Greek scholarship into Latin.The line between ''Greek'' scholarship and ''Arab'' scholarship in Western Europe was very blurred during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period.", "Sometimes the concept of the transmission of ''Greek Classics'' is often used to refer to the collective knowledge that was obtained from the Arab and Byzantine Empires, regardless of where the knowledge actually originated.", "However, being once and even twice removed from the original Greek, these Arabic versions were later supplanted by improved, direct translations by Moerbeke and others in the 13th century and after." ], [ "Political units and societies", "===Athens===The city of Athens was the major urban centre of the notable ''polis'' (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League.", "Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras.", "This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War).", "The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.In the classical period, Athens was a centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Plato, Pericles, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world.", "It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent." ], [ "Philosophers", "Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE with the pre-Socratics.", "They attempted to provide rational explanations of the cosmos as a whole.", "The philosophy following them was shaped by Socrates (469–399 BCE), Plato (427–347 BCE), and Aristotle (384–322 BCE).", "They expanded the range of topics to questions like how people should act, how to arrive at knowledge, and what the nature of reality and mind is.", "The later part of the ancient period was marked by the emergence of philosophical movements, for example, Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Neoplatonism.", "The medieval period started in the 5th century CE.", "Its focus was on religious topics and many thinkers used ancient philosophy to explain and further elaborate Christian doctrines.===Background===Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.", "Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason.", "It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric and aesthetics.", "Greek philosophy continued throughout the Hellenistic period and later evolved into Roman philosophy.Greek philosophy has influenced much of Western culture since its inception, and can be found in many aspects of public education.", "Alfred North Whitehead once noted: \"The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato\".", "Clear, unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers to Roman philosophy, Early Islamic philosophy, Medieval Scholasticism, the European Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment.Greek philosophy was influenced to some extent by the older wisdom literature and mythological cosmogonies of the ancient Near East, though the extent of this influence is widely debated.", "The classicist Martin Litchfield West states, \"contact with oriental cosmology and theology helped to liberate the early Greek philosophers' imagination; it certainly gave them many suggestive ideas.", "But they taught themselves to reason.", "Philosophy as we understand it is a Greek creation\".Subsequent philosophic tradition was so influenced by Socrates as presented by Plato that it is conventional to refer to philosophy developed prior to Socrates as pre-Socratic philosophy.", "The periods following this, up to and after the wars of Alexander the Great, are those of \"Classical Greek\" and \"Hellenistic philosophy\", respectively.===Role of Athens===The Golden Age of Athens, in the 5th century BCE, featured some of the most renowned Western philosophers of all time.", "Chief among these were Socrates, whose ideas exist primarily in a series of dialogues by his student Plato, who mixed them with his own; Plato; and Plato's student, Aristotle.Other notable philosophers of the Golden Age included Anaxagoras; Democritus (who first inquired as to what substance lies within all matter, the earliest known proposal of what is now called the atom or its sub-units); Empedocles; Hippias; Isocrates; Parmenides; Heraclitus; and Protagoras.In the second half of the 5th century BC the name of sophist (from the Greek ''sophistês'', expert, teacher, man of wisdom) was given to the teachers that gave instruction on diverse branches of science and knowledge in exchange for a fee.In this age, Athens was the \"school of Greece.\"", "Pericles and his mistress Aspasia had the opportunity to associate with not only the great Athenians thinkers of their day but also other Greek and foreign scholars.", "Among them were the philosopher Anaxagoras, the architect Hippodamus of Miletus, who reconstructed Peiraeus, as well as the historians Herodotus (484–425), Thucydides (460–400), and Xenophon (430–354).Athens was also the capital of eloquence.", "Since the late 5th century BC, eloquence had been elevated to an art form.", "There were the logographers () who wrote courses and created a new literary form characterized by the clarity and purity of the language.", "It became a lucrative profession.", "It is known that the logographer Lysias (460–380 BC) made a great fortune thanks to his profession.", "Later, in the 4th century BC, the orators Isocrates and Demosthenes also became famous.===Founding concepts===The four main branches of philosophy are considered to be metaphysics, epistemology, logic, and ethics.", "Metaphysics studies what it is for something to exist (to \"be\") and what types of existence there are.", "It seeks to answer, in an abstract and fully general manner, the questions of: What is that exists; and What is like.Monad or The Absolute.The first named Greek philosopher, according to Aristotle, is Thales of Miletus, early 6th century BCE.", "He made use of purely physical explanations to explain the phenomena of the world rather than the mythological and divine explanations of tradition.", "He is thought to have posited water as the single underlying principle (or ''arche'' in later Aristotelian terminology) of the material world.", "His fellow, but younger Miletians, Anaximander and Anaximenes, also posited monistic underlying principles, namely ''apeiron'' (the indefinite or boundless) and air respectively.Another school was the Eleatics, in southern Italy.", "The group was founded in the early fifth century BCE by Parmenides, and included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos.", "Methodologically, the Eleatics were broadly rationalist, and took logical standards of clarity and necessity to be the criteria of truth.", "Parmenides' chief doctrine was that reality is a single unchanging and universal Being.", "Zeno used ''reductio ad absurdum'', to demonstrate the illusory nature of change and time in his paradoxes.Heraclitus of Ephesus, in contrast, made change central, teaching that \"all things flow\".", "His philosophy, expressed in brief aphorisms, is quite cryptic.", "For instance, he also taught the unity of opposites.Democritus and his teacher Leucippus, are known for formulating an atomic theory for the cosmos.", "They are considered forerunners of the scientific method.===Pre-Socratic philosophy===Pre-Socratic philosophy also known as Early Greek Philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates.", "Pre-Socratic philosophers were mostly interested in cosmology, the beginning and the substance of the universe, but the inquiries of these early philosophers spanned the workings of the natural world as well as human society, ethics, and religion.", "They sought explanations based on natural law rather than the actions of gods.", "Their work and writing has been almost entirely lost.", "Knowledge of their views comes from ''testimonia'', i.e.", "later authors' discussions of the work of pre-Socratics.", "Philosophy found fertile ground in the ancient Greek world because of the close ties with neighboring civilizations and the rise of autonomous civil entities, ''poleis''.Pre-Socratic philosophy began in the 6th century BCE with the three Milesians: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes.", "They all attributed the ''arche'' (a word that could take the meaning of \"origin\", \"substance\" or \"principle\") of the world to, respectively, water, ''apeiron'' (the unlimited), and air.", "Another three pre-Socratic philosophers came from nearby Ionian towns: Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Pythagoras.", "Xenophanes is known for his critique of the anthropomorphism of gods.", "Heraclitus, who was notoriously difficult to understand, is known for his maxim on impermanence, ''ta panta rhei,'' and for attributing fire to be the arche of the world.", "Pythagoras created a cult-like following that advocated that the universe was made up of numbers.", "The Eleatic school (Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, and Melissus) followed in the 5th century BCE.", "Parmenides claimed that only one thing exists and nothing can change.", "Zeno and Melissus mainly defended Parmenides' opinion.", "Anaxagoras and Empedocles offered a pluralistic account of how the universe was created.", "Leucippus and Democritus are known for their atomism, and their views that only void and matter exist.", "The Sophists advanced philosophical relativism.The impact of the pre-Socratics has been enormous.", "The pre-Socratics invented some of the central concepts of Western civilization, such as naturalism and rationalism, and paved the way for scientific methodology.===Ancient Greek philosophy===Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.", "Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason.", "It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric and aesthetics.", "Greek philosophy continued throughout the Hellenistic period and later evolved into Roman philosophy.Greek philosophy has influenced much of Western culture since its inception, and can be found in many aspects of public education.", "Alfred North Whitehead once noted: \"The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato\".", "Clear, unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers to Roman philosophy, Early Islamic philosophy, Medieval Scholasticism, the European Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment.Greek philosophy was influenced to some extent by the older wisdom literature and mythological cosmogonies of the ancient Near East, though the extent of this influence is widely debated.", "The classicist Martin Litchfield West states, \"contact with oriental cosmology and theology helped to liberate the early Greek philosophers' imagination; it certainly gave them many suggestive ideas.", "But they taught themselves to reason.", "Philosophy as we understand it is a Greek creation\".Subsequent philosophic tradition was so influenced by Socrates as presented by Plato that it is conventional to refer to philosophy developed prior to Socrates as pre-Socratic philosophy.", "The periods following this, up to and after the wars of Alexander the Great, are those of \"Classical Greek\" and \"Hellenistic philosophy\", respectively.===Hellenistic philosophy===Hellenistic philosophy is Ancient Greek philosophy corresponding to the Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece, from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC to the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.", "The dominant schools of this period were the Stoics, the Epicureans and the Skeptics.===Thales===Thales of Miletus () was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor.", "Thales was one of the Seven Sages, founding figures of Ancient Greece, and credited with the saying \"know thyself\" which was inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.Many regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, breaking from the prior use of mythology to explain the world and instead using natural philosophy.", "He is thus otherwise credited as the first to have engaged in mathematics, science, and deductive reasoning.The first philosophers followed him in explaining all of nature as based on the existence of a single ultimate substance.", "Thales theorized that this single substance was water.", "Thales thought the Earth floated in water.In mathematics, Thales is the namesake of Thales's theorem, and the intercept theorem can also be known as Thales's theorem.", "Thales was said to have calculated the heights of the pyramids and the distance of ships from the shore.", "In science, Thales was an astronomer who reportedly predicted the weather and a solar eclipse.", "He was also credited with discovering the position of the constellation Ursa Major as well as the timings of the solstices and equinoxes.", "Thales was also an engineer; credited with diverting the Halys River.===Socrates===''The Death of Socrates'', by Jacques-Louis David (1787).", "Socrates was visited by friends in his last night at prison.", "His discussion with them gave rise to Plato's ''Crito'' and ''Phaedo''.", "Socrates ; (–399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.", "An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon.", "These accounts are written as dialogues, in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of question and answer; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre.", "Contradictory accounts of Socrates make a reconstruction of his philosophy nearly impossible, a situation known as the Socratic problem.Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity.", "They demonstrate the Socratic approach to areas of philosophy including epistemology and ethics.", "The Platonic Socrates lends his name to the concept of the Socratic method, and also to Socratic irony.", "The Socratic method of questioning, or elenchus, takes shape in dialogue using short questions and answers, epitomized by those Platonic texts in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine various aspects of an issue or an abstract meaning, usually relating to one of the virtues, and find themselves at an impasse, completely unable to define what they thought they understood.", "Socrates is known for proclaiming his total ignorance; he used to say that the only thing he was aware of was his ignorance, seeking to imply that the realization of our ignorance is the first step in philosophizing.Socrates exerted a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and has continued to do so in the modern era.", "He was studied by medieval and Islamic scholars and played an important role in the thought of the Italian Renaissance, particularly within the humanist movement.", "Interest in him continued unabated, as reflected in the works of Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche.", "Depictions of Socrates in art, literature, and popular culture have made him a widely known figure in the Western philosophical tradition.===Pythagoras ===Pythagoras of Samos () was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.", "His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general.", "Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend.", "Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton in southern Italy, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived a communal, ascetic lifestyle.", "This lifestyle entailed a number of dietary prohibitions, traditionally said to have included aspects of vegetarianism.The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is ''metempsychosis'', or the \"transmigration of souls\", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body.", "He may have also devised the doctrine of ''musica universalis'', which holds that the planets move according to mathematical equations and thus resonate to produce an inaudible symphony of music.", "Scholars debate whether Pythagoras developed the numerological and musical teachings attributed to him, or if those teachings were developed by his later followers, particularly Philolaus of Croton.", "Following Croton's decisive victory over Sybaris in around 510 BC, Pythagoras's followers came into conflict with supporters of democracy, and Pythagorean meeting houses were burned.", "Pythagoras may have been killed during this persecution, or he may have escaped to Metapontum and died there.In antiquity, Pythagoras was credited with many mathematical and scientific discoveries, including the Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, the five regular solids, the Theory of Proportions, the sphericity of the Earth, and the identity of the morning and evening stars as the planet Venus.", "It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher (\"lover of wisdom\") and that he was the first to divide the globe into five climatic zones.", "Classical historians debate whether Pythagoras made these discoveries, and many of the accomplishments credited to him likely originated earlier or were made by his colleagues or successors.", "Some accounts mention that the philosophy associated with Pythagoras was related to mathematics and that numbers were important, but it is debated to what extent, if at all, he actually contributed to mathematics or natural philosophy.Pythagoras influenced Plato, whose dialogues, especially his ''Timaeus'', exhibit Pythagorean teachings.", "Pythagorean ideas on mathematical perfection also impacted ancient Greek art.", "His teachings underwent a major revival in the first century BC among Middle Platonists, coinciding with the rise of Neopythagoreanism.", "Pythagoras continued to be regarded as a great philosopher throughout the Middle Ages and his philosophy had a major impact on scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Isaac Newton.", "Pythagorean symbolism was used throughout early modern European esotericism, and his teachings as portrayed in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' influenced the modern vegetarian movement.===Plato===''The School of Athens'' by Raphael (1509–1510), fresco at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City.Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period.", "In Athens, Plato founded the Academy, a philosophical school where he taught the philosophical doctrines that would later become known as Platonism.", "Plato, or Platon, was a pen name derived, apparently, from the nickname given to him by his wrestling coachallegedly a reference to his physical girth.", "According to Alexander Polyhistor, quoted by Diogenes Laërtius, his actual name was '''Aristocles''', son of Ariston, of the deme (suburb) Collytus, in Athens.Along with his teacher, Socrates, and student Aristotle, Plato is a central figure in the history of philosophy.", "Unlike the work of nearly all of his contemporaries, Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.", "Although their popularity has fluctuated, Plato's works have consistently been read and studied.", "Through Neoplatonism Plato also greatly influenced both Christian (through e.g.", "Augustine of Hippo) and Islamic philosophy (through e.g.", "Al-Farabi, Al-Kindi).", "In modern times, Alfred North Whitehead famously said: \"the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.", "\"====Plato's Republic====Symposium'' (Anselm Feuerbach, 1873)Plato's Republic (; ) is a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice (), the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man.", "It is Plato's best-known work, and one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.In the dialogue, Socrates discusses the meaning of justice and whether the just man is happier than the unjust man with various Athenians and foreigners.", "He considers the natures of existing regimes and then proposes a series of hypothetical cities in comparison, culminating in Kallipolis (Καλλίπολις), a utopian city-state ruled by a class of philosopher-kings.", "They also discuss ageing, love, theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the role of the philosopher and of poetry in society.", "The dialogue's setting seems to be the time of the Peloponnesian War.====Platonism====Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary Platonists do not necessarily accept all doctrines of Plato.", "Platonism had a profound effect on Western thought.", "In its most basic fundamentals, Platonism affirms the existence of abstract objects, which are asserted to exist in a third realm distinct from both the sensible external world and from the internal world of consciousness, and is the opposite of nominalism.", "This can apply to properties, types, propositions, meanings, numbers, sets, truth values, and so on (see abstract object theory).", "Philosophers who affirm the existence of abstract objects are sometimes called Platonists; those who deny their existence are sometimes called nominalists.", "The terms \"Platonism\" and \"nominalism\" also have established senses in the history of philosophy.", "They denote positions that have little to do with the modern notion of an abstract object.In a narrower sense, the term might indicate the doctrine of Platonic realism, a form of mysticism.", "The central concept of Platonism, a distinction essential to the Theory of Forms, is the distinction between the reality which is perceptible but unintelligible, associated with the flux of Heraclitus and studied by the likes of science, and the reality which is imperceptible but intelligible, associated with the unchanging being of Parmenides and studied by the likes of mathematics.", "Geometry was the main motivation of Plato, and this also shows the influence of Pythagoras.", "The Forms are typically described in dialogues such as the ''Phaedo'', ''Symposium'' and ''Republic'' as perfect archetypes of which objects in the everyday world are imperfect copies.", "Aristotle's Third Man Argument is its most famous criticism in antiquity.In the ''Republic'' the highest form is identified as the Form of the Good, the source of all other Forms, which could be known by reason.", "In the ''Sophist'', a later work, the Forms ''being'', ''sameness'' and ''difference'' are listed among the primordial \"Great Kinds\".", "Plato established the academy, and in the 3rd century BC, Arcesilaus adopted academic skepticism, which became a central tenet of the school until 90 BC when Antiochus added Stoic elements, rejected skepticism, and began a period known as Middle Platonism.In the 3rd century AD, Plotinus added additional mystical elements, establishing Neoplatonism, in which the summit of existence was the One or the Good, the source of all things; in virtue and meditation the soul had the power to elevate itself to attain union with the One.", "Many Platonic notions were adopted by the Christian church which understood Plato's Forms as God's thoughts (a position also known as divine conceptualism), while Neoplatonism became a major influence on Christian mysticism in the West through Saint Augustine, Doctor of the Catholic Church, who was heavily influenced by Plotinus' ''Enneads'', and in turn were foundations for the whole of Western Christian thought.", "Many ideas of Plato were incorporated by the Roman Catholic Church.===Aristotle===Alexander, Demetrius, Theophrastus, and Strato, in an 1888 fresco in the portico of the National University of AthensAristotle (384–322 BCE) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.", "His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology and the arts.", "As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.Aristotle's views profoundly shaped medieval scholarship.", "The influence of his physical science extended from late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and was not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics were developed.", "He influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophies during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church.Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as \"The First Teacher\", and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply \"The Philosopher\", while the poet Dante called him \"the master of those who know\".", "His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and were studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and Jean Buridan.", "Aristotle's influence on logic continued well into the 19th century.", "In addition, his ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics.====Metaphysics====Metaphysics (Greek: τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά, \"those after the physics\"; Latin: ''Metaphysica'') is one of the principal works of Aristotle, in which he develops the doctrine that he calls ''First Philosophy''.", "The work is a compilation of various texts treating abstract subjects, notably substance theory, different kinds of causation, form and matter, the existence of mathematical objects and the cosmos, which together constitute much of the branch of philosophy later known as metaphysics.The ''Metaphysics'' is considered to be one of the greatest philosophical works.", "Its influence on the Greeks, the Muslim philosophers, Maimonides thence the scholastic philosophers and even writers such as Dante was immense.In the 3rd century, Alexander of Aphrodisias wrote a commentary on the first five books of the Metaphysics, and a commentary transmitted under his name exists for the final nine, but modern scholars doubt that this part was written by him.", "Themistius wrote an epitome of the work, of which book 12 survivies in a Hebrew translation.", "The Neoplatonists Syrianus and Asclepius of Tralles also wrote commentaries on the work, where they attempted to synthesize Aristotle's doctrines with Neoplatonic cosmology.Aristotle's works gained a reputation for complexity that is never more evident than with the ''Metaphysics'' — Avicenna said that he had read the ''Metaphysics'' of Aristotle forty times, but did not understand it until he also read al-Farabi's ''Purposes of the Metaphysics of Aristotle''.The flourishing of Arabic Aristotelian scholarship reached its peak with the work of Ibn Rushd (Latinized: Averroes), whose extensive writings on Aristotle's work led to his later designation as \"The Commentator\" by future generations of scholars.", "Maimonides wrote the Guide to the Perplexed in the 12th century, to demonstrate the compatibility of Aristotelian science with Biblical revelation.The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) facilitated the discovery and delivery of many original Greek manuscripts to Western Europe.", "William of Moerbeke's translations of the work formed the basis of the commentaries on the ''Metaphysics'' by Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus.", "They were also used by modern scholars for Greek editions, as William had access to Greek manuscripts that are now lost.", "Werner Jaeger lists William's translation in his edition of the Greek text in the Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis (Oxford 1962).====Nicomachean Ethics====First page of a 1566 edition of the ''Aristotolic Ethics'' in Greek and LatinThe Nicomachean Ethics is Aristotle's best-known work on ethics: the science of the good for human life, that which is the goal or end at which all our actions aim.", "It consists of ten sections, referred to as books or scrolls, and is closely related to Aristotle's Eudemian Ethics.", "The work is essential in explaining Aristotelian ethics.Its theme is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, about how to best live.", "In Aristotle's ''Metaphysics'', he describes how Socrates, the friend and teacher of Plato, turned philosophy to human questions, whereas pre-Socratic philosophy had only been theoretical.", "Ethics, Aristotle claimed, is ''practical'' rather than ''theoretical'', in the Aristotelian senses of these terms.", "It is not merely an investigation about what good consists of, but it aims to be of practical help in achieving the good.It is connected to another of Aristotle's practical works, ''Politics'', which reflects a similar goal: for people to become good, through the creation and maintenance of social institutions.", "Ethics is about how individuals should best live, while politics adopts the perspective of a law-giver, looking at the good of a whole community.The ''Nicomachean Ethics'' had an important influence on the European Middle Ages, and was one of the core works of medieval philosophy.", "As such, it was of great significance in the development of all modern philosophy as well as European law and theology.", "Aristotle became known as \"the Philosopher\" (for example, this is how he is referred to in the works of Thomas Aquinas).", "In the Middle Ages, a synthesis between Aristotelian ethics and Christian theology became widespread, as introduced by Albertus Magnus.", "The most important version of this synthesis was that of Thomas Aquinas.", "Other more \"Averroist\" Aristotelians such as Marsilius of Padua were also influential.Until well into the seventeenth century, the ''Nicomachean Ethics'' was still widely regarded as the main authority for the discipline of ethics at Protestant universities, with over fifty Protestant commentaries published before 1682.During the seventeenth century, however, authors such as Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes argued that the medieval and Renaissance Aristotelian tradition in practical thinking was impeding philosophy.Interest in Aristotle's ethics has been renewed by the virtue ethics revival.", "Recent philosophers in this field include Alasdair MacIntyre, G. E. M. Anscombe, Mortimer Adler, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Martha Nussbaum.===Plutarch===Plutarch – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.", "He is known primarily for his ''Parallel Lives'', a series of biographies of illustrious Greeks and Romans, and ''Moralia'', a collection of essays and speeches.Plutarch's writings had an enormous influence on English and French literature.", "Shakespeare paraphrased parts of Thomas North's translation of selected ''Lives'' in his plays, and occasionally quoted from them verbatim.Jean-Jacques Rousseau quotes from Plutarch in the 1762 ''Emile, or On Education'', a treatise on the education of the whole person for citizenship.", "Rousseau introduces a passage from Plutarch in support of his position against eating meat: You ask me', said Plutarch, 'why Pythagoras abstained from eating the flesh of beasts...Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Transcendentalists were greatly influenced by the ''Moralia'' and in his glowing introduction to the five-volume, 19th-century edition, he called the ''Lives'' \"a bible for heroes\".", "He also opined that it was impossible to \"read Plutarch without a tingling of the blood; and I accept the saying of the Chinese Mencius: 'A sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.", "When the manners of Loo are heard of, the stupid become intelligent, and the wavering, determined.Montaigne's ''Essays'' draw extensively on Plutarch's ''Moralia'' and are consciously modelled on the Greek's easygoing and discursive inquiries into science, manners, customs and beliefs.", "''Essays'' contains more than 400 references to Plutarch and his works.James Boswell quoted Plutarch on writing lives, rather than biographies, in the introduction to his own ''Life of Samuel Johnson''.", "Other admirers included Ben Jonson, John Dryden, Alexander Hamilton, John Milton, Edmund Burke, Joseph De Maistre, Mark Twain, Louis L'amour, and Francis Bacon, as well as such disparate figures as Cotton Mather and Robert Browning.Plutarch's influence declined in the 19th and 20th centuries, but it remains embedded in the popular ideas of Greek and Roman history.", "One of his most famous quotes was one that he included in one of his earliest works.", "\"The world of man is best captured through the lives of the men who created history.\"" ], [ "Statesmen", "===Solon===Solon ( BC) was an archaic Athenian statesman, lawmaker, political philosopher, and poet.", "He is one of the Seven Sages of Greece and credited with laying the foundations for Athenian democracy.", "Solon's efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline resulted in his constitutional reform overturning most of Draco's laws.Solon's reforms included debt relief later known and celebrated among Athenians as the Seisachtheia (shaking off of burdens).", "He is described by Aristotle in the ''Athenian Constitution'' as \"the first people's champion.\"", "Demosthenes credited Solon's reforms with starting a golden age.Modern knowledge of Solon is limited by the fact that his works only survive in fragments and appear to feature interpolations by later authors.", "It is further limited by the general paucity of documentary and archaeological evidence covering Athens in the early 6th century BC.Ancient authors such as Philo of Alexandria, Herodotus, and Plutarch are the main sources, but wrote about Solon long after his death.", "Fourth-century BC orators, such as Aeschines, tended to attribute to Solon all the laws of their own, much later times.===Pericles===Pericles ( – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.", "He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as \"the first citizen of Athens\".", "Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War.", "The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the \"Age of Pericles\", but the period thus denoted can include times as early as the Persian Wars or as late as the following century.Pericles promoted the arts and literature, and it is principally through his efforts that Athens acquired the reputation of being the educational and cultural center of the ancient Greek world.", "He started an ambitious project that generated most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis, including the Parthenon.", "This project beautified and protected the city, exhibited its glory and gave work to its people.", "Pericles also fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics called him a populist.", "Pericles was descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically-influential Alcmaeonid family.", "He, along with several members of his family, succumbed to the Plague of Athens in 429 BC, which weakened the city-state during a protracted conflict with Sparta.===Demosthenes===Demosthenes (384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens.", "His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC.", "Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators.", "He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance.", "For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.Demosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches.", "He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion.", "He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate his compatriots against Philip II of Macedon.", "He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southward, conquering the Greek states.After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great.", "However, his efforts failed, and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction.", "To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor in this region, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down.", "Demosthenes killed himself to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant.The ''Alexandrian Canon'', compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace, called Demosthenes one of the ten greatest Attic orators and logographers.", "Longinus likened Demosthenes to a blazing thunderbolt and argued that he had \"perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed.", "\"* D. C. Innes, 'Longinus and Caecilius\", 277–279.Quintilian extolled him as (\"the standard of oratory\").", "Cicero said of him that (\"he stands alone among all the orators\"), and also praised him as \"the perfect orator\" who lacked nothing.", "* D. C. Innes, 'Longinus and Caecilius\", 277.====Rhetorical legacy====Demosthenes is widely considered one of the greatest orators of all time, and his fame has continued down the ages.", "Authors and scholars who flourished at Rome, such as Longinus and Caecilius, regarded his oratory as sublime.", "Juvenal acclaimed him as \"largus et exundans ingenii fons\" (a large and overflowing fountain of genius), and he inspired Cicero's speeches against Mark Antony, also called the Philippics.", "According to Professor of Classics Cecil Wooten, Cicero ended his career by trying to imitate Demosthenes' political role.", "Plutarch drew attention in his ''Life of Demosthenes'' to the strong similarities between the personalities and careers of Demosthenes and Marcus Tullius Cicero:The divine power seems originally to have designed Demosthenes and Cicero upon the same plan, giving them many similarities in their natural characters, as their passion for distinction and their love of liberty in civil life, and their want of courage in dangers and war, and at the same time also to have added many accidental resemblances.", "I think there can hardly be found two other orators, who, from small and obscure beginnings, became so great and mighty; who both contested with kings and tyrants; both lost their daughters, were driven out of their country, and returned with honour; who, flying from thence again, were both seized upon by their enemies, and at last ended their lives with the liberty of their countrymen.", "''Phryne Going to the Public Baths as Venus and Demosthenes Taunted by Aeschines'' by J. M. W. Turner (1838).During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Demosthenes had a reputation for eloquence.", "He was read more than any other ancient orator; only Cicero offered any real competition.", "French author and lawyer Guillaume du Vair praised his speeches for their artful arrangement and elegant style; John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, and Jacques Amyot, a French Renaissance writer and translator, regarded Demosthenes as a great or even the \"supreme\" orator.", "For Thomas Wilson, who first published translation of his speeches into English, Demosthenes was not only an eloquent orator, but, mainly, an authoritative statesman, \"a source of wisdom\".In modern history, orators such as Henry Clay would mimic Demosthenes' technique.", "His ideas and principles survived, influencing prominent politicians and movements of our times.", "Hence, he constituted a source of inspiration for the authors of ''The Federalist Papers'' (a series of 85 essays arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution) and for the major orators of the French Revolution.", "French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau was among those who idealised Demosthenes and wrote a book about him.", "For his part, Friedrich Nietzsche often composed his sentences according to the paradigms of Demosthenes, whose style he admired.", "* P. J. M. Van Tongeren, ''Reinterpreting Modern Culture'', 92." ], [ "Historians and academics", "===Thucydides==='Thucydides ( BC) was an Athenian historian and general.", "His ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC.", "Thucydides has been dubbed the father of \"scientific history\" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work.He also has been called the father of the school of political realism, which views the political behavior of individuals and the subsequent outcomes of relations between states as ultimately mediated by, and constructed upon, fear and self-interest.", "His text is still studied at universities and military colleges worldwide.", "The Melian dialogue is regarded as a seminal text of international relations theory, while his version of Pericles' Funeral Oration is widely studied by political theorists, historians, and students of the classics.More generally, Thucydides developed an understanding of human nature to explain behavior in such crises as plagues, massacres, and wars." ], [ "Scientists", "===Hippocrates===Hippocrates of Kos (), also known as '''Hippocrates II''', was a Greek physician of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.", "He is traditionally referred to as the \"Father of Medicine\" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field, such as the use of prognosis and clinical observation, the systematic categorization of diseases, or the formulation of humoral theory.", "The Hippocratic school of medicine revolutionized ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.However, the achievements of the writers of the Hippocratic Corpus, the practitioners of Hippocratic medicine, and the actions of Hippocrates himself were often conflated; thus very little is known about what Hippocrates actually thought, wrote, and did.", "Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant and in use today.", "He is also credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools, and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Corpus and other works." ], [ "Mathematics", "An illustration of Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean theoremGreek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the late 7th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean.", "Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire region, from Anatolia to Italy and North Africa, but were united by Greek culture and the Greek language.", "The development of mathematics as a theoretical discipline and the use of deductive reasoning in proofs is an important difference between Greek mathematics and those of preceding civilizations.===Archimedes===Archimedes of Syracuse ) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily.", "Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity.", "Considered the greatest mathematician of ancient history, and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitely small and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems.", "These include the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, the area of an ellipse, the area under a parabola, the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution, the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution, and the area of a spiral.Archimedes' other mathematical achievements include deriving an approximation of pi, defining and investigating the Archimedean spiral, and devising a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers.", "He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena, working on statics and hydrostatics.", "Archimedes' achievements in this area include a proof of the law of the lever, the widespread use of the concept of center of gravity, and the enunciation of the law of buoyancy known as Archimedes' principle.He is also credited with designing innovative machines, such as his screw pump, compound pulleys, and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion.Archimedes died during the siege of Syracuse, when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed.", "Cicero describes visiting Archimedes' tomb, which was surmounted by a sphere and a cylinder that Archimedes requested be placed there to represent his mathematical discoveries.Unlike his inventions, Archimedes' mathematical writings were little known in antiquity.", "Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him, but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until by Isidore of Miletus in Byzantine Constantinople, while commentaries on the works of Archimedes by Eutocius in the 6th century opened them to wider readership for the first time.The relatively few copies of Archimedes' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance and again in the 17th century, while the discovery in 1906 of previously lost works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results.===Euclid===Euclid BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician.", "Considered the \"father of geometry\", he is chiefly known for the ''Elements'' treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.", "His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved new innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, and Theaetetus.", "With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity, and one of the most influential in the history of mathematics.Very little is known of Euclid's life, and most information comes from the scholars Proclus and Pappus of Alexandria many centuries later.", "Medieval Islamic mathematicians invented a fanciful biography, and medieval Byzantine and early Renaissance scholars mistook him for the earlier philosopher Euclid of Megara.", "It is now generally accepted that he spent his career in Alexandria and lived around 300 BC, after Plato's students and before Archimedes.", "There is some speculation that Euclid studied at the Platonic Academy and later taught at the Musaeum; he is regarded as bridging the earlier Platonic tradition in Athens with the later tradition of Alexandria.In the ''Elements'', Euclid deduced the theorems from a small set of axioms.", "He also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and mathematical rigour.", "In addition to the ''Elements'', Euclid wrote a central early text in the optics field, ''Optics'', and lesser-known works including ''Data'' and ''Phaenomena''.", "Euclid's authorship of two other texts—''On Divisions of Figures'', ''Catoptrics''—has been questioned.", "He is thought to have written many now lost works.====Euclidean geometry====Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry, ''Elements''.", "Euclid's approach consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these.", "Although many of Euclid's results had been stated earlier, Euclid was the first to organize these propositions into a logical system in which each result is ''proved'' from axioms and previously proved theorems.The ''Elements'' begins with '''plane geometry''', still taught in secondary school (high school) as the first axiomatic system and the first examples of mathematical proofs.", "It goes on to the solid geometry of three dimensions.", "Much of the ''Elements'' states results of what are now called algebra and number theory, explained in geometrical language.For more than two thousand years, the adjective \"Euclidean\" was unnecessary becauseEuclid's axioms seemed so intuitively obvious (with the possible exception of the parallel postulate) that theorems proved from them were deemed absolutely true, and thus no other sorts of geometry were possible.", "Today, however, many other self-consistent non-Euclidean geometries are known, the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century.", "An implication of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is that physical space itself is not Euclidean, and Euclidean space is a good approximation for it only over short distances (relative to the strength of the gravitational field).Euclidean geometry is an example of synthetic geometry, in that it proceeds logically from axioms describing basic properties of geometric objects such as points and lines, to propositions about those objects.", "This is in contrast to analytic geometry, introduced almost 2,000 years later by René Descartes, which uses coordinates to express geometric properties by means of algebraic formulas.====Euclid's Elements====Euclid's Elements' ( ) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid 300 BC.", "It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions.", "The books cover plane and solid Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, and incommensurable lines.", "''Elements'' is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics.", "It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science, and its logical rigor was not surpassed until the 19th century.Euclid's ''Elements'' has been referred to as the most successful and influential textbook ever written.", "It was one of the very earliest mathematical works to be printed after the invention of the printing press and has been estimated to be second only to the Bible in the number of editions published since the first printing in 1482, the number reaching well over one thousand.For centuries, when the quadrivium was included in the curriculum of all university students, knowledge of at least part of Euclid's ''Elements'' was required of all students.", "Not until the 20th century, by which time its content was universally taught through other school textbooks, did it cease to be considered something all educated people had read." ], [ "Artists", "===Theatre ===A theatrical culture flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC.", "At its centre was the city-state of Athens, which became a significant cultural, political, and religious place during this period, and theatre was institutionalised there as part of a festival called the Dionysia, which honoured the god Dionysus.", "Tragedy (late 500 BC), comedy (490 BC), and the satyr play were the three dramatic genres to emerge there.", "Athens exported the festival to its numerous colonies.Modern Western theatre comes, in large measure, from the theatre of ancient Greece, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements.===Sophocles===Sophocles ( 497/496 – winter 406/405 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian, known as one of three from whom at least one play has survived in full.", "His first plays were written later than, or contemporary with, those of Aeschylus; and earlier than, or contemporary with, those of Euripides.", "Sophocles wrote over 120 plays, but only seven have survived in a complete form: ''Ajax'', ''Antigone'', ''Women of Trachis'', ''Oedipus Rex'', ''Electra'', ''Philoctetes'', and ''Oedipus at Colonus''.", "For almost fifty years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens which took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia.", "He competed in thirty competitions, won twenty-four, and was never judged lower than second place.", "Aeschylus won thirteen competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles; Euripides won four.The most famous tragedies of Sophocles feature Oedipus and Antigone: they are generally known as the Theban plays, though each was part of a different tetralogy (the other members of which are now lost).", "Sophocles influenced the development of drama, most importantly by adding a third actor (attributed to Sophocles by Aristotle; to Aeschylus by Themistius), thereby reducing the importance of the chorus in the presentation of the plot.", "He also developed his characters to a greater extent than earlier playwrights.===Euripides===Euripides () was a tragedian of classical Athens.", "Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full.", "Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the ''Suda'' says it was ninety-two at most.", "Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (''Rhesus'' is suspect).", "There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays.", "More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances.", "This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance.", "He also became \"the most tragic of poets\", focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown.", "He was \"the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of Shakespeare's ''Othello'', Racine's ''Phèdre'', of Ibsen and Strindberg,\" in which \"imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates\".", "But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism.", "Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes.", "Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence.", "Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia, but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources.===Aristophanes===Aristophanes (), son of Philippus and Zenodora, of the deme Kydathenaion (), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy.", "Eleven of his forty plays survive virtually complete.", "These provide the most valuable examples of a genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy and are used to define it, along with fragments from dozens of lost plays by Aristophanes and his contemporaries.Also known as \"The Father of Comedy\" and \"the Prince of Ancient Comedy\", Aristophanes has been said to recreate the life of ancient Athens more convincingly than any other author.", "His powers of ridicule were feared and acknowledged by influential contemporaries; Plato singled out Aristophanes' play ''The Clouds'' as slander that contributed to the trial and subsequent condemning to death of Socrates, although other satirical playwrights had also caricatured the philosopher.Aristophanes' second play, ''The Babylonians'' (now lost), was denounced by Cleon as a slander against the Athenian ''polis''.", "It is possible that the case was argued in court, but details of the trial are not recorded and Aristophanes caricatured Cleon mercilessly in his subsequent plays, especially ''The Knights'', the first of many plays that he directed himself.", "\"In my opinion,\" he says through that play's Chorus, \"the author-director of comedies has the hardest job of all.\"" ], [ "See also", "===General===* Ancient Greek literature*Mythology*Cosmology* Ancient philosophy* Byzantine philosophy* Definitions of philosophy* English words of Greek origin* International scientific vocabulary* List of ancient Greek philosophers===Language and linguistics===* Translingualism* Transliteration of Greek into English* Classical compound* Cyrillization of Greek* English words of Greek origin* Greek alphabet* List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names* Wiktionary's articles on Ancient Greek romanization and pronunciation, numerals, punctuation and Modern Greek transliteration.===Arts===* Drama* Tragedy* Comedy" ], [ "Notes", "===Notes bene======Special notes===" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* The Canadian Museum of Civilization—Greece Secrets of the Past* Ancient Greece website from the British Museum* Economic history of ancient Greece (archived 2 May 2006)* The Greek currency history* Limenoscope, an ancient Greek ports database (archived 11 May 2011)* The Ancient Theatre Archive, Greek and Roman theatre architecture* Illustrated Greek History, Janice Siegel, Department of Classics, Hampden–Sydney College, Virginia" ] ]
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[ [ "Massimiliano Pavan" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Massimiliano Pavan''' (30 August 1920, in Venice – 17 January 1991, in Padua) was an Italian historian, who served as director of the ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'' for the Treccani Institute.", "A graduate of the University of Padua alongside Aldo Ferrabino, he was taught by Concetto Marchesi and Manara Valgimigli, and was a professor of Greek and Roman history at the University of Perugia.", "His library and archives are at the Museo Canova." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Kab Hoi Gawna Hamar" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Kab Hoi Gawna Hamar''''' is a 2005 Indian Bhojpuri-language film produced by Deepa Narayan and directed by Anand D. Ghatraj.", "''Kab Hoi Gawna Hamar'' won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bhojpuri in 2005.This film is based on family drama that harkens back to traditional values and modern day sensibilities.It is the first Bhojpuri film which has won the national film award and also the first film to come from Bihari cinema which won the national award." ], [ "Cast", "* Ravi Kishan* Divya Desai* Udit Narayan* Deepali* Madhuri Mishra" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "*" ] ]
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[ [ "Shah Buruj" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Shah Buruj''' also known as '''Laman Buruj''', is a historical tower situated in Ambajogai.", "The tower had a radio installed by the government in 1942.Nizam's troops maintained a permanent base camp.", "The soldiers were intended to hear the war news, which is why this radio was erected.", "This news was made available for regular individuals to hear." ], [ "History", "During the Nizam era, Ambajogai was known by the Nizam name Mominabad.", "At Ambajogai, Nizam's troops maintained a permanent base.", "To let the soldiers to hear about the conflict, Ambajogai freedom warrior Srinivas Khot smashed the radio on the Shah Buruj, sparking an uprising against the British and the Nizam.", "Ambajogai saw a significant movement during that time to liberate Marathwada from the Nizam's authority.", "Following Mahatma Gandhi's 1942 announcement of ''Chale Jao'' (), many of Indians began taking part in the campaign, which spread to several Indian institutions.", "This is how Swami Ramanand Tirtha and his adherents initiated the Satyagraha movement in Hyderabad.", "Some instructors and students from the Yogeshwari New Vidyalaya, which Swamiji revived in Ambajogai, participated in this campaign after being inspired by this Satyagraha.", "Slogans against the Nizam and the British, Vande Mataram and Jai Hind slogans, slogan painting on walls, ransacking mail boxes in post offices, severing phone and light wires, and demolishing radio station centers were some of the ways that symbolic agitation was carried out.The flag was hoisted on the tower for the first time in 2022.On this occasion, tributes were paid to the martyrs of Marathwada Liberation Day." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Baedeker (surname)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Baedeker''' is an German surname.", "Notable people with the surname include:* Karl Baedeker (1801–1859), German publisher* Karl Baedeker (scientist) (1877–1914), was a German physicist* F. W. J. Baedeker (1788–1865), German pharmacist, collector of bird eggs and a bird illustrator" ], [ "See also", "* Baedeker* Baedeker Blitz" ] ]
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[ [ "Alejandro Bran" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Alejandro Jesús Bran Flores''' (born 5 March 2001) is a Costa-Rican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for MLS side Minnesota United." ], [ "Career", "From San Jose, Costa Rica, Bran debuted in the Costa Rican first division, Liga FPD with Jicaral.", "He also played on loan at Municipal Grecia and Guanacasteca, before earning a place in CS Herediano first team.In January 2024, he signed for Major League Soccer side Minnesota United on loan for the 2024 season, with the option to make the deal permenant." ], [ "International career", "He is a Costa Rica international.", "He made his debut for Costa Rica's senior team in August 2021, when he was 20 years-old." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "List of Brazilian Federal Police operations" ], [ "Introduction", "Number of special operations by the Federal Police of Brazil from 2003 to 2001This is a list of the special operations conducted by the Federal Police of Brazil released since 2003" ], [ "2003 - 2009", "=== 2003 ===Number of Operations: 16=== 2004 ===Number of Operations:: 49*Operation Feliz (January 22) - Operation Happy*Operation Fraude Zero (February 10) - Operation Fraud Zero*Operation Soro (March 5) - Operation Serum*Operation Pandora (March 19) - Operation Pandora*Operation Matusalém (April 15) - Operation Methuselah*Operation Mamoré (April 20) *Operation Barrilha (April 26)*Operation Pindorama (May 13)*Operation Shogun (June 1)*Operation Rosa dos Ventos (June 5) - Operation Compass Rose*Operation Tamar (June 19)*Operation Lince II (June 23) - Operation Lynx*Operation Pensacola (June 23)*Operation Caso Unaí (July 27)*Operation Orcrim Esa (August 5)*Operation Zumbi (August 6) - Operation Zombie*Operation Albatroz (August 10) - Operation Albatross*Operation Farol da Colina (August 17) - Operation Lighthouse of the Hill*Operation Cavalo de Troia II (October 20) - Operation Trojan Horse II*Operation Pardal (October 25) - Operation Sparrow*Operation Mucuripe (October 25)*Operation Pororoca (November 4) - *Operation Capela (November 5) - Operation Chapel*Operation Poeira no Asfalto (November 8) - Operation Dust on the Asphalt*Operation Cataratas (November 8) - Operation Waterfalls/Cataracts*Operation Midas (November 10) - *Operation Catuaba (November 12)*Operation Faraó (November 18) - Operation Pharaoh*Operation Águia II - Operation Eagle II*Operation São José dos Campos (November 24)*Operation Mascates (November 29) - Operation Merchants*Operation Perseu (December 1) - Operation Perseus*Operation Sentinela (December 2) - Operation Sentinel*Operation Castelo (December 3) - Operation Castle*Operation Mar Azul (December 7) - Operation Blue Sea*Operation Cavalo de Aço (December 7) - Operation Steel Horse*Operation Saia Justa (December 13) - Operation Tight Skirt*Operation Chacal (December 13) - Operation Jackal*Operation Fênix (December 15) - Operation Phoenix=== 2005 ===Number of Operations: 67=== 2006 ===Number of Operations: 167=== 2007 ===Number of Operations: 188=== 2008 ===Number of Operations: 235=== 2009 ===Number of Operations: 288" ], [ "2010 - 2019", "=== 2010 ==='''Number of Operations: 252'''* Operação Maet* Operação Voltante - Operation Steering Wheel=== 2012 ==='''Number of Operations: 295'''* Operação Intolerância - Operation Intolerance* Operation Porto Seguro - Operation Safe Harbor* Operation Durkheim* Operation Crackalves=== 2013 ==='''Number of Operations: 303'''=== 2014 ==='''Number of Operations:''' '''390'''}=== 2015 ==='''Number of Operations: 516'''=== 2016 ==='''Number of Operations:''' '''550'''=== 2017 ====== 2018 ====== 2019 ===* Operation Quinto Ano - Operation Fifth Year* Operation Ad Infinitum, 60º fase da Operação Lava Jato - Operation Ad Infinitum* Operation Disfaces de Mamom - Operation Mammon's Disguises* Operation Inter Fratrem - Operation Among Brothers* Operation Juntos e Shallow Now - Operation Together and Shallow Now* Operation Escobar* Operation Tergiversação - Operation Misrepresentation* Operation Octopus* Operation Alcatraz* Operation Rock City* Operation Chabu* Operation Harpia Fase 1 - Operation Harpy Phase 1* Operation Lamanai* Operation Lobos I - Operation Wolves I* Operation Faroeste - Operation Wild West" ], [ "2020 - 2029", "=== 2020 ===* Operation Último Lance* Operation Narcos* Operation Hórus* Operation Calvário* Operation Virus Infectio* Operation Mercadores do Caos* Operation Favorito* Operation Dispneia* Operation Placebo* Operation Para Bellum* Operation Probitas* Operation Fiat Lux* Operation Dark Side* Operation Rei do Crime* Operation Triângulo das Bermudas* Operation Enterprise=== 2022 ===* Operation Contumácia - Operation Persistent Defiance* Operation Galopeira=== 2023 ===* Operation Trapiche - Operation Pier* Operation Lesa Pátria - Operation National Betrayal* Operation Última Milha - Operation Last Mile=== 2024 ===* Operation Vigilância Aproximada - Operation Close Surveillance* Operation Cheating * Operation Acervo Illegal - Operation Illegal Archive* Operation Harpia - Fase 2 - Operation Harpy - Phase 2" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "The Transat" ], [ "Introduction", "'''The Transat''' (also known as '''The Transat CIC''' or '''The English Transat''')is a transatlantic yacht race first held in 2004 as a spin-off for professional sailors from the Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race which is limited to amateurs since." ], [ "History", "After the 2000 event, The Royal Western Yacht Club, organizer of the Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, decided to split the race into two separate events.", "As a result, in 2004 professional edition of the race featured a new title '''The Transat'''.The professional event has been run as The Transat from 2004, while the race smaller boats is run as the OSTAR.", "Throughout its history, however, the essentials of the race have remained the same.", "It has also become known as a testbed for new innovations in yacht racing; many new ideas started out in \"the STAR\"." ], [ "Yacht classes", "Class2004200820162024Multihull – Ultim 32/23'''•'''Multihull – ORMA 60'''•'''Multihull – Multi 50 / Open Fifty'''•''''''•''''''•'''Monohull – IMOCA 60'''•''''''•''''''•''''''•'''Monohull – Class 40'''•''''''•'''Monohull – Open 50'''•'''Vintage Multihull'''•'''Vintage Monohull'''•'''sailing-cargo'''•'''" ], [ "The Transat, 2004", "The 2004 professional edition of the race featured a new title — '''The Transat''' — and a new finish, at Boston, Massachusetts.", "37 boats entered, in four classes: ORMA 50 and multihulls; and IMOCA 50 and monohulls.", "Despite stormy conditions, all four classes of boats broke records; seven of the Open 60 monohulls broke the previous monohull record.", "Of the first four IMOCA Open 60's, Ecover, Pindar AlphaGraphics and Skandia (ex Kingfisher) were all designed by the British designers, Owen Clarke Design.", "This office also designed the first IMOCA 50, Artforms, which broke the 'Class 2' record.", "Several boats suffered damage, however.Pos.SkipperBoatTime'''ORMA 60 Multihulls'''1''Geant''8 days 08 hours 29 min2''Sodebo''8 days 10 hours 38 min3''Groupama''8 days 14 hours 16 min4''Foncia''9 days 07 hours 05 min5''Sergio Tacchini''9 days 12 hours 36 min6''Banque Populaire''9 days 14 hours 05 min7''TIM Progetto Italia''10 days 06 hours 26 min8''Sopra''10 days 09 hours 28 min9''Gitana XI''11 days 09 hours 20 min10''Banque Covefi''12 days 04 hours 27 min11''Mediatis Region Aquitaine''13 days 07 hours 11 minRET''Gitana X''retired – broken centerboard'''IMOCA 60 Monohulls'''1''Ecover 2''12 days 15 hours 18 min2''Temenos (1)''12 days 18 hours 22 min3''Pindar Alphagraphics''12 days 20 hours 54 min4''Skandia''13 days 09 hours 13 min5''Hellomoto''13 days 20 hours 24 min6''Pro-Form''14 days 01 hours 41 min7''UUDS''14 days 03 hours 58 min8''VMI''14 days 10 hours 02 min (corrected)9''Atlantica-Charente Maritime''17 days 17 hours 12 min10''Austria One''17 days 18 hours 35 min11''Objectif 3''18 days 04 hours 12 min12''Quicksilver''19 days 14 hours 27 minRET''Virbac-Paprec (1)''retired – dismastedRET''PRB 2''dismastedRET''Cheminees Poujoulat Armour Lux''capsized'''ORMA 50 Multihulls'''1''Trilogic''14 days 01 hours 23 min2''Great American II''15 days 00 hours 19 min3''Gify''15 days 13 hours 13 min4''PiR2''19 days 13 hours 45 minRET''Crepes Whaou!", "''retired – broke daggerboardRET''Nootka''retired – broken autopilot'''IMOCA 50 Monohulls'''1''Artforms''15 days 05 hours 20 min2''Wells Fargo''16 days 14 hours 21 min3''Okami''17 days 23 hours 17 minDNF''Branec III''over time limit" ], [ "The Artemis Transat, 2008", "The 2008 Transat race was named after its sponsor, Artemis.", "On Thursday 15 May, Frenchman Michel Desjoyeaux (''Foncia'') had to retire from the race after a collision with a whale.", "Sebastien Josse (''BT''), who was leading, had to retire owing to damage to the mainsail carriage on Saturday 17 May, leaving Vincent Riou (''PRB'') take the lead on the Sunday morning.", "Loïck Peyron, on ''Gitana Eighty'', caught up with Vincent Riou, who had to abandon the race due to serious keel damage after a collision with a basking shark on the night of Monday 12 / Tuesday 13 May.", "The race jury decided to grant two and a half hours of bonus time to Loïck Peyron after he rescued Vincent Riou.", "Starting on 11 May from Plymouth, Peyron spent 12 days, 11 hours, 15 minutes and 35 seconds (not including the time bonus) to cover the 2,992 miles of the race (averaging 8.7 knots), thus improving previous record of 12 days, 15 hours, 18 minutes and 8 seconds, which was held by Mike Golding (''Ecover'').PositionSkipperBoatTime'''IMOCA 60 Monohulls'''1''Gitana Eighty''12 days 08 hours 45 min2''Brit Air''12 days 12 hours 28 min 40 s3''Generali''13 days 14 hours 30 min 22 s4''Safran (2)''14 days 21 hours 18 min 47 s5''Roxy (2)''15 days 10 hours 00 min 51 s6''Cervin EnR''15 days 14 hours 31 min 17 s7''Akena Vérandas (2)''15 days 16 hours 00 min 03 s8''Aviva''16 days 02 hours 05 min 34 s9''Spirit Of Weymouth''16 days 15 hours 04 min 54 sDNF''Foncia''retired – broken skegDNF''BT''retired – sail damageDNF''PRB 3''retired – broken keelDNF''Pakea Bizkaia'''''Class40 Monohulls'''1''Telecom Italia''16 days 22 hours 11 min 27 s2''Beluga Racer''17 days 12 hours 09 min 47 s3''Mistral Loisirs – Pole Santé ELIOR''17 days 21 hours 42 min 57 s4''Groupe Royer''18 days 02 hours 51 min 15 s5''Custo Pol''18 days 03 hours 05 min 7 s6''Fujifilm''18 days 05 hours 53 min 2 s7''40 Degrees''18 days 19 hours 19 min 34 s8''Prévoir Vie''18 days 21 hours 21 min 02 s9''Groupe Partouche''19 days 00 hours 28 min 20 s10''Clarke Offshore Racing''19 days 06 hours 15 min 36 sRET''Appart City''" ], [ "The Transat Bakerly 2016", "Pos.SkipperBoatTimeRef.", "'''IMOCA 60 Monohulls'''1Banque Populaire VIII12d 02h 28m 39s2PRB (4)3St.Michel-Virbac4SMADNFEdmond De RothschildDNF88Abandoned boat'''Class40 Monohulls'''1No.137 – Solidaires en peloton ARSEP17 days 12 hrs 42 mins 56 secs2No.65 – CARAC3No.130 – IMERYS4No.135 – NORMANDIE5No.", "81 – ESPRIT SCOUT6No.138 NIVEA7No.", "146 KIHODNFNo.144 – VANDBDNFNo.", "131 – GENERALI-HORIZON MIXITEDNFNo.", "134 – BLACKPEPPER'''Ultim Multihull'''1MACIF8-day 8 hours 54 min 39 secs2SODEBO3Actual'''Multi 50'''1La French Tech Rennes Saint-Malo12 days 7 hrs 51 min 17 secs234DNF" ], [ "The Transat CIC 2020", "The 2020 races were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic." ], [ "The Transat CIC 2024", "The start of the 15th edition of the race is announced for the 28th of April 2024.IMOCA 60, Class40 and Ocean Fifty Classes as well as Vintage monohull and multihull and sailing-cargo categories will be allowed to participate." ], [ "See also", "* Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race* IMOCA 60" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* thetransat.com (official website)" ] ]
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[ [ "Ataliba (footballer, born 1956)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Édson Ataliba Cândido''' (born 9 July 1956), simply known as '''Ataliba''', is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a right winger." ], [ "Career", "A skilled winger, Ataliba gained notoriety playing for CA Juventus, being the team's highlight mainly in games against the big clubs in the state of São Paulo, especially versus Corinthians, a club he would defend in 1982 and would become an idol, becoming champion of the state in 1982 and 1983.He would become champion once again with Santos FC, this time as a reserve.", "Unable to repeat the same level of performances, he played for several clubs until retiring in 1993." ], [ "Honours", ";Corinthians*Campeonato Paulista: 1982, 1983;Santos*Campeonato Paulista: 1984" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Ataliba at ogol.com.br" ] ]
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[ [ "Erika McEntarfer" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Erika L. McEntarfer''' is the Commissioner of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.", "Her previous work had been as an economic researcher at the U.S. Census Bureau.McEntarfer was nominated for the BLS post in July, 2023, and confirmed to the position by the U.S. Senate in January, 2024.She started in the position on January 31, 2024." ], [ "Career", "McEntarfer received a bachelor's degree in Social Science from Bard College and a Ph.D. in economics from Virginia Tech University.She took a position as a labor economist at the Census Bureau's Center for Economic Studies (CES).", "She was promoted to senior supervisory economist for the Labor Markets section of the CES.", "She focused on employment, promotion patterns, and earnings of U.S. workers, particularly using the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) data set which has matched data on employers and employees." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse''''' (1962), edited by Thomas Parry, is an anthology of Welsh-language poetry stretching from Aneirin in the 6th century to Bobi Jones in the 20th.", "No translations of the poems are provided, but the introduction and notes are in English.", "It was the first anthology to give the reader a thorough idea of Welsh poetry in its entirety through 1400 years, containing as it does 370 poems, of which 59 cannot be securely attributed while the rest are the work of 146 named poets.", "It went through eight editions in its first 21 years, and was supplemented in 1977 by the publication of Gwyn Jones's ''Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English''." ], [ "Poets included", "The names in brackets are bardic names." ], [ "Editorial principles", "''The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse'' presents its poems in the original Welsh without translation, though the introduction and notes are in English.", "It is an anthology intended for the general Welsh-speaking reader rather than the professional Celticist, and Parry's editorial practice reflects that fact.", "It has no ''apparatus criticus'', the endnotes are brief, poems are sometimes printed in abridged form without the use of ellipses or any other indication of cuts, and spelling and punctuation are both modernized.", "The poems are chosen for their intrinsic literary merit, rather than for their historical interest as representing the various genres prevalent at different periods.", "Preference is given to poems in the traditional meters, in keeping with the introduction's stress on the continuity of Welsh poetry through the centuries, though the editor also includes hymns, lyrics and other works in the free metres." ], [ "Reception", "The publication of ''The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse'' was widely acclaimed.", "Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson, writing in ''The Modern Language Review'', welcomed its appearance as long overdue and congratulated Oxford University Press on its choice of Thomas Parry, an eminent Celticist and an accomplished poet in his own right, as editor.", "He praised Parry's choice of poems, saying he wished nothing in the book left out, and admired the notes and the historical survey of Welsh poetry in the introduction.", "Édouard Bachellery, in the journal ''Études Celtiques'', likewise acknowledged Parry to be a man of taste and a great scholar, and he considered the book's publication an event of importance.", "He felt that certain poets were underrepresented, but admitted that limitations of space made some such niggles inevitable.", "Parry has since been criticised for including only one woman poet, Ann Griffiths, if dubious attributions to women are left aside, and for insufficiently representing the overtly Christian strand in Welsh verse.", "Nevertheless, despite the later appearance of similar anthologies, it is still considered the most authoritative collection of the best in Welsh poetry, and it remains much used in Welsh universities and schools." ], [ "Footnotes" ], [ "References", "* * *" ] ]
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[ [ "Verna Sinimbo" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Verna Sinimbo''' is a Namibian politician from the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO).", "She is Deputy Minister of Industrialisation and Trade in the Government of Namibia." ], [ "References" ], [ "See also", "* List of members of the 7th National Assembly of Namibia" ] ]
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[ [ "Leopoldo Bertrand" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Leopoldo Bertrand''' (born 1943) is a Spanish military engineer and politician.", "He served at the Parliament for the People's Party representing Asturias between 2004 and 2008." ], [ "Early life and education", "Bertrand was born in Gijón in 1943.His mother was Concepción de la Riera who died at the age of 99 in May 2019.He has three siblings.Bertrand graduated from the Colegio de la Inmaculada in his hometown in 1962.He attended the Naval Military Academy in Marín, Pontevedra and graduated as a second lieutenant." ], [ "Career", "Bertrand worked in the shipyards of the Marítima del Musel company before he attended the Naval Military Academy.", "Following his graduation from the academy he worked in the Spanish Navy based in Gijón.", "He retired from the Navy and worked at the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society in Madrid.", "Bertrand became the councilor of the Gijón City Council and then was elected as a deputy for the People's Party in 2004.While he was serving at the Parliament he was appointed dean of the Official College of Naval and Oceanic Engineersin 2007 which he held for eight years.", "Then he served as a board member of the college." ], [ "Personal life", "Bertrand is married to María Antonia del Río and has four children." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Ireland Eurovision Song Contest entries discography" ], [ "Introduction", "This is a '''discography''' of the entries for the Eurovision Song Contest, featuring the highest chart placing attained on the Irish Singles Chart." ], [ "Irish Singles Chart", " Year Artist Song Chart Position Butch Moore \"I'm Walking the Streets in the Rain\" 1 Dickie Rock \"Come Back to Stay\" 1 Sean Dunphy \"If I Could Choose\" 2 Pat McGeegan \"Chance of a Lifetime\" 1 Muriel Day \"The Wages of Love\" 1 Dana \"All Kinds of Everything\" 1 Angela Farrell \"One Day Love\" 4 Sandie Jones \"\" 1 Maxi \"Do I Dream?\"", "7 Tina Reynolds \"Cross Your Heart\" 1 The Swarbriggs \"That's What Friends Are For\" 2 Red Hurley \"When?\"", "4 The Swarbriggs Plus Two \"It's Nice to Be in Love Again\" 1 Colm C. T. Wilkinson \"Born to Sing\" 8 Cathal Dunne \"Happy Man\" 5 Johnny Logan \"What's Another Year?\"", "1 Sheeba \"Horoscopes\" 3 The Duskeys \"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow\" 12 Linda Martin \"Terminal 3\" 7 Maria Christian \"Wait Until the Weekend Comes\" 15 Luv Bug \"You Can Count On Me\" 2 Johnny Logan \"Hold Me Now\" 1 Jump the Gun \"Take Him Home\" 3 Kiev Connolly and the Missing Passengers \"The Real Me\" 17 Liam Reilly \"Somewhere in Europe\" 6 Kim Jackson \"Could It Be That I'm in Love?\"", "7 Linda Martin \"Why Me?\"", "1 Niamh Kavanagh \"In Your Eyes\" 1 Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan \"Rock 'n' Roll Kids\" 2 Eddie Friel \"Dreamin'\" 5 Eimear Quinn \"The Voice\" 3 Marc Roberts \"Mysterious Woman\" 2 Dawn Martin \"Is Always Over Now?\"", "24 The Mullans \"When You Need Me\" Failed to chart Eamonn Toal \"Millennium of Love\" Failed to chart Gary O'Shaughnessy \"Without Your Love\" Failed to chart Mickey Harte \"We've Got the World\" 1 Chris Doran \"If My World Stopped Turning\" 1 Donna and Joe \"Love?\"", "2 Brian Kennedy \"Every Song Is a Cry for Love\" 4 Dervish \"They Can't Stop the Spring\" Failed to chart Dustin the Turkey \"Irelande Douze Pointe\" 5 Sinéad Mulvey and Black Daisy \"Et Cetera\" 6 Niamh Kavanagh \"It's for You\" 8 Jedward \"Lipstick\" 1 Jedward \"Waterline\" 5 Ryan Dolan \"Only Love Survives\" 13 Can-linn Kasey Smith \"Heartbeat\" 39 Molly Sterling \"Playing with Numbers\" 77 Nicky Byrne \"Sunlight\" 68 Brendan Murray \"Dying to Try\" Failed to chart Ryan O'Shaughnessy \"Together\" 17 Sarah McTernan \"22\" Failed to chart Lesley Roy \"Story of My Life\" 12 Lesley Roy \"Maps\" 76 Brooke \"That's Rich\" 54 Wild Youth \"We Are One\" 93 Bambie Thug \"Doomsday Blue\" 37Chart positions sourced from 'Irish Charts Archive'" ], [ "See also", "* Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest" ], [ "Notes and references", "===Notes====== References ===" ] ]
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[ [ "Hans von Hammerstein-Loxten" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''Hans'' Christian Friedrich Wilhelm, Freiherr von Hammerstein-Loxten''' (April 27, 1843 – March 20, 1905) was a Prussian civil servant and politician who served as Interior Minister." ], [ "Early life", "Hammerstein-Loxten was born on April 27, 1843, in Lüneburg in the Kingdom of Hanover.", "He came from the younger branch of the Loxten line of the Hammerstein noble family.", "He was a son of Julia, Baroness von dem Knesebeck (1811–1889), and Wilhelm von Hammerstein (1808–1872), who served as Minister of Finance and Interior in Hanover, until 1865, and then Minister of State in Mecklenburg-Strelitz until 1872.His maternal grandfather was Hanoverian Major-General .", "His uncles included Maj.-Gen. Bernhard von dem Knesebeck, and Lt.-Gen. Ernst Julius Georg von dem Knesebeck.", "Distantly related to Ernst von Hammerstein-Loxten, his paternal grandparents were Dorothea Agnies Sophie von Plato and landowner and soldier Christian von Hammerstein.He studied law in Heidelberg, Bonn and Göttingen." ], [ "Career", "In 1864 he passed the auditor's examination in Hanover.", "In 1866 he became Federal War Commissioner for the Hanoverian Army.", "After the annexation of 1866 where it became the Prussian Province of Hanover, he entered the Prussian judicial service and after the Franco-Prussian War into the service of the judiciary of Alsace-Lorraine.", "From 1869 he was an assessor with the government in Koblenz, in 1870 with the government in Nancy, in 1871 with the government in Strasbourg and in 1871 he was appointed district director in the Colmar district.", "He later switched to an administrative career.", "Between 1878 and 1883, Hammerstein-Loxten was district and police director in Mulhouse.", "He then became district president of the District of Lorraine, based in Metz.", "In 1896 he was appointed Real Privy Councilor.", "From 1901 until his death, Hammerstein-Loxten was the Prussian Minister of the Interior.", "He was also a member of the State Council and a representative of the Federal Council.Hammerstein-Loxten took a tough line in Polish policy.", "The police and administration were strictly anti-Polish, especially in the eastern provinces.", "The settlement policy was intended to Germanize Polish areas.", "The language policy he helped to implement led to the Wreschen school strike in 1906.Hammerstein-Loxten basically acted in the spirit of Bernhard von Bülow, but the Interior Minister's uncompromising manner often went too far for the prime minister." ], [ "Personal life", "On September 14, 1872, Hammerstein married Marie Elisabeth Charlotte von Rabiel (1849–1922).", "Together, they were the parents of:* Günther von Hammerstein-Loxten (1885–1963), who was a board member of the headquarters of the Debt Relief Associations of the German East GmbH in Berlin.Baron von Hammerstein-Loxten died on March 20, 1905, in Berlin." ], [ "Honors and legacy", "Hammersteinstrasse () in Berlin was named after Hammerstein-Loxten - along with other streets that were dedicated to Prussian ministers in connection with the exploitation of the Dahlem domain." ], [ "Notes" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* Hammerstein-Loxten, Hans Freiherr von at Deutsche Biographie" ] ]
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[ [ "Tohmajärvi Church" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Tohmajärvi Church''' () is the 18th-century wooden church located on the shores of Lake Tohmajärvi, about southeast of Kemie, the administrative center of the Tohmajärvi municipality in North Karelia, Finland.", "The building is the oldest wooden church in North Karelia." ], [ "History", "The construction of the church started in 1751 under the direction of the architect and it was completed five years later.", "A separate three-jointed belfry was built in 1760.The altarpiece of the church called ''The Crucified'' was painted by Mikael Toppelius in 1783.The church's 17+2 tone pipe organ was manufactured by the Kangasala's organ factory in 1956." ], [ "Sources", "===References===" ], [ "External links", "* Tohmajärvi Church at Tohmajärven seurakunta (in Finnish)* Sights and Exhibitions at Tohmajärvi Municipality (in English)" ] ]
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[ [ "2023 America East men's soccer tournament" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2023 America East Conference men's soccer tournament''' was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from November 4 through November 12, 2023.The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting.", "The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play.", "The defending champions were the New Hampshire Wildcats, who were unable to defend their title.", "New Hampshire lost in overtime to Bryant 1–0.It was the first America East tournament victory for the Bryant Bulldogs soccer program, and first for Head Coach Ruben Resendes.", "As tournament champions, Bryant earned the America East's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament." ], [ "Seeding", "The top six teams in the regular season earned a spot in the tournament, with the top two seeds receiving byes into the Semifinals.", "A tiebreaker was required as UMBC and Vermont finished tied for third, both with twelve points in conference play.", "UMBC was awarded the third seed by virtue of their 2–1 victory over Vermont on October 21.All other teams finished with a unique number of conference regular season points.SeedSchoolConference RecordPoints 1 New Hampshire 4–0–3 15 2 Bryant 4–1–2 14 3 UMBC 3–1–3 12 4 Vermont 4–3–0 12 5 NJIT 3–2–2 11 6 Binghamton 2–2–3 9" ], [ "Bracket" ], [ "Schedule", "=== Quarterfinals ====== Semifinals ====== Final ===" ], [ "Statistics", "=== Goalscorers ===" ], [ "All-Tournament team", "Source: Player Team Will Noecker Binghamton Markos Touroukis Jonas Lyshoj Bryant '''Antreas Hadjigavriel''' Herman Sukia Inigo Villalder Liam Bennett New Hampshire Isaac Heffess Georgios Koliniatis Maximus Barboto NJIT Samuel Reisgys Jordan Ehart UMBC Daniel Pacella VermontMVP in '''bold'''" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Hansa Stadium" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Hansa Stadium''' was a multi-use stadium used primarily for motorcycle speedway, in the south of Bremen, Germany.", "It was located in the Kattenturm district of Bremen, off the Arsterdamm street.", "It was one of the largest sports venues in Bremen with up to 15,000 seats." ], [ "History", "In May 1952, the Motorsport Club (MSC) Hansa was founded and they leased the 28,000 square meter site of the former Potthast brickworks at Arsterdamm 70.Construction on a track began in December 1952, with club members filling the disused clay pit on the site with building rubble and war debris.", "The track was 398 meters long, ten meters wide on the straights and 15 meters wide on the curves, making it the only northern German sand track that met international regulations at the time of its opening.", "At times there was a football pitch for VfB Komet Bremen inside the speedway track.The first race in the new Hansastadion was held on 20 September 1953, with 8,000 spectators.", "The stadium was a significant venue for major speedway events, including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship in 1974, 1977 and 1985 and qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1975 and 1980.Additionally, the semi-final of the 1983 Speedway World Pairs Championship was held at the stadium.From 1973, MSC Hansa took part in the then new Speedway Bundesliga.", "A comprehensive renovation of the stadium took place in the spring of 1978; the capacity of the stands was increased to 15,000.The racetrack itself was renovated by a British specialist company.", "After the reopening, the Master of Speedway competition took place for the first time.The decline of the MSC Hansa, and with it the Hansastadion, began in the early 1980s.", "Fuel and motorcycle prices rose sharply and race attendances dropped.", "In the wake of the emerging environmental movement, high-emission motorsport was also seen as a contributor to environmental problems and the requirements for holding noise-intensive events became increasingly stricter.", "MSC Hansa deregistered its team from the Bundesliga in the spring of 1983.In addition, after the death of the farmer Wilhelm Bredehöft, who had leased the stadium site to the club, a dispute arose over its continued use.The property was put up for sale at 2.2 million German marks and several years later in March 1991, Bremer Gewerbebau GmbH offered the site to commercial users for purchase and the stadium was demolished." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "This Devastating Map" ], [ "Introduction", "'''''This Devastating Map''''' is the eleventh studio album by American indie rock band Helvetia.", "The album was released on August 7, 2020, on Joyful Noise Recordings." ], [ "Track listing" ], [ "References" ], [ "External links", "* This Devastating Map on Bandcamp*" ] ]
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[ [ "Ahmet Kaya (politician)" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Ahmet Kaya''' (born 1971, Trabzon), Turkish politician and mechanical engineer." ], [ "Life and career", "He was born in Trabzon in 1971.He graduated from Karadeniz Technical University (KTÜ) Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Mechanical Engineering in 1994.He held positions as SHP Trabzon Youth Branch Board Member, CHP Trabzon Center District Vice President, CHP Trabzon Province Vice President, CHP Trabzon Center District President and CHP Trabzon Ortahisar District Founder President.", "He held offices as Ataturkist Thought Association Trabzon Branch Chairperson and Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) Chamber of Mechanical Engineers, Trabzon Branch Board Member.", "He is also a congress member of Trabzonspor.On 9 April 2023 he was included in deputy candidacy lists of Republican People's Party (CHP) in Trabzon.", "However, he failed to be elected in Turkish general elections.He announced on 21 December 2023, that he became the Ortahisar Municipality President candidate from Republican People's Party for 2024 Turkish local elections." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Agni Chopra" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Agni Dev Chopra''' (born 4 November 1998) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Mizoram cricket team.", "He is a left-handed batsman and right arm off break bowler." ], [ "Career", "He represented Mumbai cricket team at Under-19 level, where he was captain, before moving to their Under-23 team, when it was suggested he get additional playing time elsewhere.", "He made his first class debut for Mizoram cricket team against Sikkim cricket team and made 166.Playing for Mizoram he struck five centuries in his first four matches in the Ranji Trophy, in January 2024, at an average of 95.87, with a strike rate of 111.80.This gave him the distinction of being the first cricketer in Ranji Trophy history to score a century in each of his first four matches of his career.", "He also played 7 matches for Mizoram in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, and scored 234 runs at a strike rate of 150.96." ], [ "Personal life", "He is the son of filmmaker Vidhu Vinod Chopra and film critic Anupama Chopra." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Defiant Records" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Defiant Records''' is a joint venture record label formed in 2023 between Warner Records and Steven \"Steve-O\" Carless, President of A&R at Warner Records.", "It focuses on genres such as hip-hop, R&B, Jersey club, and drill.The label was launched in September 2023 by Carless, who was previously worked at Atlantic Records, Def Jam Recordings, Republic Records, and Uptown Records.", "He has worked on projects with artists Pusha-T, Big Sean, YG, 2 Chainz, Nipsey Hussle, and Polo G." ], [ "Discography", "===Mixtapes===+ List of mixtapes with selected details Title Details Peak chart positionsUS ''Face of the What''* Release date: September 3, 2022 (US)* Label: Warner/Defiant* Format: Digital download189''Return of the Jiggy''* Release date: December 9, 2022* Label: Warner/Defiant* Format: Digital download—===Singles===+ List of singles as a lead artist with selected details Title Year Album \"D&D\" 2020 ''Face of the What'' \"We Droppin'\" 2022* Crank Dat Too Oppy 2023* Shot in the Party 2023" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Football Club Les Aigles du Congo" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''Football Club Les Aigles du Congo''' is a football club founded in 2023 and based in Kinshasa." ], [ "History", "In 2023, businessman and politician Vidiye Tshimanga bought a spot in the congolese first division from the sports team of the Jeunesse sportive de Kinshasa ; in a press conference held on the 21st of August 2023, he precises that the club is omnisports and not a continuation of the JFK." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "2025 FIFA Arab Cup" ], [ "Introduction", "The '''2025 FIFA Arab Cup''' () will be the 11th edition of the Arab Cup, the Arab world's national team football tournament.", "It will be the second edition under FIFA's jurisdiction, with previous editions having been organized by the Union of Arab Football Associations (UAFA).", "It will take place between November and December 2025 in Qatar.", "Algeria is the defending champion." ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "List of Mexico international footballers" ], [ "Introduction", "Andrés Guardado is Mexico's most capped international of all time with 181 caps.The Mexico national football team has represented Mexico in men's international football since 1923, when they played their first international, a 3–2 win over Guatemala.", "The team is organized by the Mexican Football Federation, a member of FIFA and a founding member of CONCACAF.", "They competed in the first World Cup, and have reached the quarter-final stage of the tournament twice, in 1970 and 1986, and are 12-time champions of the CONCACAF Championship and its successor, the Gold Cup.This list includes all players who have represented the Mexico national team in at least 30 matches." ], [ "Players", "Guillermo Ochoa has made 149 appearances for the Mexico national team.+ Key'''Bold'''Played for the national team in the past year+Mexico national team footballers with at least 30 appearancesNo.NameNational careerCapsGoals2005–2022181281992–20061786''''''2005–14901997–2018147171996–2009147111999–20131466''''''2007–13251991–200313002004–201412491991–2000121151995–2014120391988–2002110212009–2019109522004–201510812007–201810719''''''2013–10633''''''2012–105101996–2011990''''''2016–9721984–199790351997–200889461995–200285351988–200184301996–20058401996–20068421961–19748232003–20118211984–19948121996–200979121991–19997729''''''2017–7642013–20207262007–201872192014–20227191996–20067071998–20126981960–19706816''''''2011–6732003–20136715''''''2016–67192005–20186725''''''2016–6691996–20026601988–19986551966–197565311983–199765282011–20196521992–19956461983–199362291965–19746001983–199259131999–20065913''''''2019–58142009–2021585Sinha2004–20125871967–19725812000–20075751981–199057122007–20135661983–19915622003–20105652009–20165551966–19735521965–19705581997–20105501977–199855271973–19805552011–20185451992–20005402007–20105432005–20185301980–19865311979–19865291996–20065231968–19775201983–19915111993–20005131968–19805013''''''2019–5001991–19954901956–196649142008–20164911999–20054981983–19914802015–20214812003–20134772009–20184711950–19664701965–197047191996–20014592007–20124511981–1988455''''''2018–4451972–19784411967–19714402004–20084412011–20184392004–20084321''''''2017–4311989–199943161967–19734362000–2006431''''''2019–4231990–19954141965–1970414''''''2015–4191973–19814031958–19684001991–1996403''''''2019–4012011–20224001967–197339111996–20003902002–201038101965–197038131980-19773832009–20123812014–20223851971–19783802015–20223821948–19623731991–19963701987–1993372''''''2016–3611980–19863601983–19943571965–19713501985–19903542003–20103412003–20083402001–20023411959–19673212003–200832122001–20103222010–20183211956–19673121988–19993101996–19993131963–19703102011–20163121983–19863001977–19903002001–2004300" ], [ "References" ] ]
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[ [ "Birch triterpenes" ], [ "Introduction", "'''Birch triterpenes''' is an extract of birch bark used as a topical medication for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.", "It sold under the brand name '''Filsuvez'''.", "The active ingredients are triterpenes extracted from the outer bark of silver birch (''Betula pendula'') and downy birch (''Betula pubescens'')." ], [ "Uses", "Epidermolysis bullosa is an inherited disease of the skin that makes the skin very fragile and causes severe blistering and scarring.", "Filsuvez is used in two types of epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and junctional epidermolysis bullosa, to treat partial-thickness skin wounds.", "These are wounds where the upper layers of the skin have been damaged.Filsuvez is indicated for the treatment of partial thickness wounds associated with dystrophic and junctional epidermolysis bullosa in people aged six months of age and older.", "The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication." ], [ "Side effects", "The most common side effects with Filsuvez include wound complications.", "Other common side effects include skin reactions at the application site, wound infections, pruritus (itching), and hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions." ], [ "Legal status", "In April 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Filsuvez, intended for the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.", "The applicant for this medicinal product is Amryt Pharmaceuticals DAC.", "Filsuvez will be available as a gel for cutaneous use.", "The active substance of Filsuvez is birch bark extract (as dry extract, refined) from ''Betula pendula'' Roth/''Betula pubescens'' Ehrh.", "(equivalent to 0.5‑1.0 g birch bark), including 84‑95 mg triterpenes calculated as the sum of betulin, betulinic acid, erythrodiol, lupeol, and oleanolic acid.", "It is thought to work by modulating inflammatory mediators and stimulating keratinocyte differentiation and migration, thereby promoting wound healing and closure.", "Filsuvez was approved for medical use in the European Union in June 2022, and in the United States in December 2023." ], [ "References" ] ]
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