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[
[
"Gorenjska Banka"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Gorenjska Banka''' is a bank in Slovenia, headquartered in Kranj and established in 1996 as a self-standing credit institution."
],
[
"Overview",
"Following a few years during which the National Bank of Yugoslavia was the only financial institution in the country, banks were established at the local level in 1955.A first municipal bank in Upper Carniola () was founded in Kranj on .",
"It was soon followed by other banks in Škofja Loka, Radovljica, Tržič and Bled.",
"These were then reorganized into a joint bank which in 1972 became part of the Ljubljana Bank system.",
"On , it was transformed into a limited company in the system of the sister banks of Ljubljana Bank.",
"A process of separation from the Ljubljana Bank group started in 1994 and led to Gorenjska Banka becoming an independent institution in 1996.By 2011 the Sava Group, a Slovenian conglomerate, held a controlling stake of 46 percent in Gorenjska Banka.In 2015, the Bank of Slovenia determined that the Sava Group was too financially vulnerable to be an appropriate owner of the bank.",
"In 2016, Serbian bank AIK Banka acquired a 21 percent stake in Gorenjska Banka, and raised it to 76 percent in 2018 by buying out Sava's stake and other shareholders.Gorenjska Banka subsequently became a full subsidiary of Agri Europe Cyprus Limited (est.2011), the holding entity of a privately owned conglomerate led by Serbian businessman Miodrag Kostić with activities in south-eastern Europe and Ukraine.",
"As a consequence, Gorenjska Banka became a sister company to AIK Banka, which is also controlled by Agri Europe.",
"In 2020, Agri Europe Cyprus Limited has been designated as a Significant Institution under European Banking Supervision, and therefore Gorenjska Banka has been directly supervised by the European Central Bank since ."
],
[
"See also",
"* NLB Group"
],
[
"Notes"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Fábio Alemão"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Fábio Augusto Schirmann''' (born 8 October 1996), known as '''Fábio Alemão''', is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for CRB."
],
[
"Career",
"Born in Três Passos, Rio Grande do Sul, Fábio Alemão played for the youth sides of Juventude and made his senior debut with the club in the 2015 Copa Metropolitana.",
"Ahead of the 2016 season, he moved to Internacional and returned to the youth setup.Fábio Alemão won the 2017 Campeonato Gaúcho Série B with the B-team before starting to feature in first team trainings in October of that year.",
"On 5 September 2018, after failing to make a first team appearance, he was loaned to Série B side Paysandu for one year.On 1 June 2019, after featuring rarely, Fábio Alemão returned to Inter after his loan ended.",
"After featuring again with the B-side, he moved to Bahia on loan on 22 November of that year.In July 2020, after again being rarely used, Fábio Alemão moved to Pelotas also in a temporary deal.",
"A regular starter, he was announced at Operário Ferroviário on 2 December 2020.On 11 January 2022, Fábio Alemão signed a permanent one-year contract with Sport Recife.",
"Mainly a backup option, he moved to fellow second division team CRB on 8 December."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"ClubSeasonLeagueState LeagueCupContinentalOtherTotalDivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsJuventude2015Série C00———7070Internacional B2017Gaúcho Série B—231———231Internacional2017Série B00—00—80802018Série A00—00—1010201900—00—100100Subtotal00—00—190190Paysandu (loan)2018Série B00————002019Série C105000——60Subtotal105000——60Bahia (loan)2020Série A002000—0020Pelotas (loan)2020Série D12120———141Operário Ferroviário (loan)2020Série B61————61202130213021——453Subtotal36313021——514Sport Recife2022Série B1406000—30230CRB2023Série B2418240—814442024003000—1141Subtotal24111240—92485'''Career total'''875623610035219011"
],
[
"Honours",
"'''Internacional B'''*Campeonato Gaúcho Série B: 2017'''Bahia'''*Campeonato Baiano: 2020'''CRB'''*Campeonato Alagoano: 2023"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Burnaby FC"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Burnaby Football Club''' is a Canadian semi-professional soccer club based in Burnaby, British Columbia that plays in League1 British Columbia."
],
[
"History",
"Burnaby FC was founded in 2023, through the merger of five youth clubs (Cliff Avenue United FC, Mountain United FC, Wesburn FC, Burnaby Girls SC and Burnaby District Metro Soccer).",
"In announcing their inaugural logo, the five wings represent each of the five clubs from the merger.",
"In the club's inaugural year, their U17 boys and U17 girls teams both won the Canadian national title.In February 2024, it was announced that the club would enter senior teams in the semi-professional League1 British Columbia in both the men's and women's divisions."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dulce Pereira"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dulce Pereira''' (born 1954) is a Brazilian adjunct professor at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP).",
"Among other activities she has been the president of the Palmares Cultural Foundation and, as a Brazilian diplomat, president of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.",
"As of 2024 she was employed by the Brazilian Ministry of Women.",
"Pereira is a long-time member of the Workers' Party (''Partido dos Trabalhadores'' - PT)."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Dulce Pereira was born in 1954 in São José do Rio Preto in the interior of São Paulo state in Brazil.",
"She was the daughter of a nurse and a housewife.",
"She studied at public schools in São José do Rio Preto, and has said that on occasions she lacked money to buy school uniforms.",
"During the Brazilian economic crisis of 1962 to 1968, she has been quoted as saying that she ate pasta every day.",
"At the age of seventeen she took part in a student competition, winning a scholarship to the United States, where she went to school at the South Milwaukee High School.",
"There, she lived with a family who supported the Democratic Party and she began to participate in the black student movement.",
"During that period, she met members of the African National Congress, with whom she maintained close friendships.Between 1975 and 1980 Pereira studied architecture and urbanism at the University of Brasília (UnB) and graduated with a thesis on a \"Project for a residential and commercial complex suited to ecology and local history\".",
"In 1979 she studied English at the University of Michigan.",
"Between 1984 and 1985 she studied at the ''Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Afro Brasileiros'' (Institute of Afro-Brazilian Research and Studies - IPEAFRO), and produced a thesis on \"Spatial occupation defined by historical inequalities in racist societies\".",
"In 2009 she started to study for a PhD.",
"on \"History and Atlantic Connections: cultures and powers\" from the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) in Maranhão state.",
"Her work on this degree was interrupted by several other periods of study, including at the ''Fundação Getulio Vargas'' (FGV) in São Paulo state in 2022, where she studied law and development; the University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto campus in 2018, where she studied \"networks and processes for comprehensive repair in areas affected by socio-technological disasters\"; and at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP) in 2012, where she studied materials engineering."
],
[
"Career",
"Following her studies at IPEAFRO, Pereira took various jobs, including in radio and TV, until in 1996, when she was appointed as president of the Palmares Cultural Foundation (''Fundação Cultural Palmares''), a Brazilian state-owned non-governmental organization that promotes Afro-Brazilian culture and which is linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Culture.",
"In 2000 she became the Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (''Comunidade dos Países de Lingua Portuguesa''), with ambassadorial status, serving for two years.",
"Until 2023 she was a professor at the Centre for Open and Distance Education at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (CEAD / UFOP), where she developed research and carried out teaching into ecotechnologies and materials to reduce the use of natural resources, with an emphasis on buildings and spatial organization.",
"She researches and writes about territoriality, risk, exclusion and inclusion mechanisms, especially relating to gender and the Brazilian population of African origin, with an emphasis on black women.",
"She was the coordinator of the Agenda 21 Programme and the Future Studies Centre of the Department of Production Engineering, Administration and Economics, of the ''Escola de Minas'' (UFOP) and of the Training Process in Environmental Education and Sustainable Schools of UFOP.In July 2023, Pereira was appointed as an advisor at the federal Ministry of Women to work on maintaining permanent channels of dialogue with women's social movements and other segments of civil society, in conjunction with the National Council for Women's Rights (CNDM), and to provide administrative support to the CNDM.",
"On taking up her appointment, she indicated that she also planned to develop more productive relationships between the ministry and universities.Pereira has worked closely with bodies such as the Unified Black Movement (''Movimento Negro Unificado'' - MNU), which is a political, cultural, and social activism group.",
"She has published widely, both in academic journals and in the mass media."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Pereira celebrating 40 years with the Partido dos Trabalhadores"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tarsy Carballas"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Center for Documentation and Feminist Resources of Vigo on October 8, 2013'''María Tarsy Carballas Fernández''' (born 2 June 1934 Taboada) is a Spanish scientist.",
"She is a pioneer in the study of soils in the humid temperate zone of Spain.",
"In 2009, she was awarded the Castelao Medal.",
"In 2012, she won a Chemical Excellence Award for a study of forest fire prevention.",
"In 2012, she won the María Josefa Wonenburger Planells Prize.She has been a member of the Agrarian Sciences Area Commission and the Government Board.",
"She does research at the Galicia Biological Mission, in Santiago de Compostela and is a recognized expert in forest fire prevention."
],
[
"Life",
"She graduated from the University of Santiago de Compostela , and the University of Nancy.",
"She began working in the 1960s, at the Spanish National Research Council , researching soil science.",
"She researched solutions to recover land in areas affected by fires.",
"She has more than two hundred publications, and about twelve books."
],
[
"Works",
"* * *"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Krystle Kaul"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Krystle Veda Kaul''' is an Indian-American foreign policy and national security scholar and writer."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Kaul was born in Long Island, New York to an immigrant family.",
"Her father is from Safapora, Kashmir and mother is from New Delhi.",
"Her early life was influenced by discussions about the Kashmir conflict.",
"She spent her early life in Wayne, New Jersey, where she studied at Vidyapith, learning about Sanskrit Vedic heritage, Hindi, mythology, and religion.",
"At the age of 17, she moved to Washington, D. C. for her college education.",
"At the age of 19, she participated in the Washington Leadership Program, where she worked on Capitol Hill and learned about legislative and governmental processes.Kaul received a Bachelor of Arts from American University, master's degrees from Brown University and Johns Hopkins University.Kaul is multilingual and is fluent in several languages including Dari and Arabic."
],
[
"Career",
"Kaul has served in various capacities within the U.S. defense and intelligence sectors.",
"She has worked as a Director at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency in the Department of Defense, as a Director of Strategic Communications for the U.S. Air Force and NATO at General Dynamics Information Technology, and as an intelligence political-military expert at the U.S. Central Command.As the former Director of Strategic Communications at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Kaul was responsible for managing national security communication strategies.",
"Additionally, she served as Chief of the Political-Military Intelligence Night Cell for the Department of Defense's ISIS Crisis Group under Secretary Lloyd Austin at US Central Command, focusing on defense strategies during a critical conflict period.",
"Her work in these roles has been centered around national security and defense policy.In December 2023, Kaul announced that she would run for the 10th Congressional District of Virginia as a Democratic Party candidate.",
"She is the first Kashmiri person running for US Congress.On the first quarter of her campaign, she raised over $604,000 and announced to have over $567,000 in cash on hand."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Pepperminta"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Pepperminta''' is the first feature film written and directed by Swiss video artist Pipilotti Rist from 2009.Filmed in Vienna and St. Gallen, the experimental film is commonly read as a modern fairy tale.",
"It depicts a group of friends who embark on a journey to save the world through color.",
"It premiered on September 5th, 2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival in the Horizons (''Orizzonti'') section."
],
[
"Content",
"Protagonist Pepperminta (Ewelina Guzik) at the beginning of the film is a 10 year old girl who lives alone in a rainbow colored villa and holds strawberries as pets.",
"Her educational substitute for a parent is an \"apple-sized talking eye which she calls Grandma\".",
"It gives her \"pithy advice\" such as: Always do what you're too scared to do!",
"Later, when she is grown up, her greatest wish is for everyone to see the world in their favorite colors, and she is gifted with unique powers to help people achieving it.",
"Together with her hypochondriac friend Werwen (Sven Pippig), her pansexual sister Edna NeinNeinNein Tulip (Sabine Timoteo), and the elderly Leopoldine (Elisabeth Orth), she sets out to free people from their grey and colorless life.",
"In the course of the film, they roam the swiss cities of Vienna and Zürich, a restaurant is turned upside down, students are literally painted with bright colors and police officers attacked with fruit."
],
[
"Background and Production",
"Rist's intention was to transfer her artistic signature from the medium of video to the medium of film, a long standing wish as she confessed to the online magazine ''swissinfo.ch''.",
"The main difference between Pepperminta and her video works is the existence of a feature film plot.",
"Rist said about the film, Pepperminta and her sister Edna existed in a space before the Fall of man, \"beyond social classes or time references\".",
"Since Pepperminta has a special relationship with colors and their effects on people and situations, fights social conventions and phobias, she follows the principles that, according to Rist, also characterize Rist's art.Rist worked on ''Pepperminta'' from 2005 to 2009.Chris Niemeyer, who co-wrote the screenplay with Rist, describes how they worked on the script every day from noon to 6 p. m. for six months.",
"The time frame was \"ironclad\" in his words.",
"Filming took place in the Alter Rhein and in the outdoor pool.",
"Other locations include the University of Vienna and the tram station at Maria-Theresien-Platz in Vienna.66th Venice International Film FestivalLike Rist's stage name, the title character's name can be traced back to Pippi Longstocking.",
"One of Longstocking's given names is ''Pepperminta''.",
"Chris Niemeyer, who worked on the screenplay together with Rist, sees the basic idea behind the fairy tale story in ''Pepperminta'' in the desire to free the world from fear."
],
[
"Release and Budget",
"The film premiered on September 5th, 2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival in the Horizons (''Orizzonti'') section and had its official release for german language cinemas on September 10th, 2009.The release in the french region of Switzerland was on February 3rd 2010.It was invited to the Sundance Film Festival, the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Filmfest Hamburg, Durban International Film Festival and the Leeds International Film Festival, among others.The budget was estimated at 2 million Euro."
],
[
"Critical response",
"Reactions to the film were ambivalent, but ''Pepperminta'' was consistently praised by people interested in contemporary art.Eduard Ulrich had mixed feelings about the film and gave it 3 out of 5 stars on the Swiss film portal ''cineman.ch'': \"Pepperminta, the artistically gifted sister of Pippi Longstocking and probably Pipilotti Rist's alter ego, seduces with her childlike charm and her naked body.",
"It doesn't hurt that the message is soon clear.",
"If you don't have to puzzle over a story, your head is free for an intoxication through the images.",
"They are clear and clean – Rist is a professional, she has mastered slow motion, fast motion and fisheye, and uses them extensively, almost excessively.",
"Dramaturgically, however, the series of episodes and video clips by the highly talented and highly educated Rist overestimates itself.\"",
"Geneviève Rossier states on the film portal ''cineuropa.org'': \"Rist's feminine universe depicted with extravagance and sensuality is certainly on full show in ''Pepperminta''.",
"\"Gini Brenner of the Austrian film magazin ''Skip'' wrote: \"Her first feature film is a cheerfully absurd, light-heartedly exaggerated trip full of grotesque scenes and beautiful images, which, as in her world-famous installations, combines apparent naivety with deep political awareness and great artistic density.\"",
"The German ''Lexikon des internationalen Films'' (Encyclopedia of International Film) concluded: \"A visually grandiose comedy with psychedelic echoes and many side blows against the establishment.\""
],
[
"Awards",
"* 2009: Festival de Cine Europeo de Sevilla, President of the Jury's Extraordinary Award (Nicolas Roeg)* 2010: Miami International Film Festival – Grand Jury Prize in the category ''Cutting the Edge & Cutting the Edge Video Art Competition'' as a \"Cutting the Edge Feature Film\"."
],
[
"Sequel",
"Rist used footage created for ''Pepperminta'' in her video ''Tender Room''.",
"It was shown in 2011 at the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, Ohio.",
"The images focus on Eve and a paradisical vegetation, creating a counterbalance to the emotional coldness of the architecture.",
"The video was projected onto six suspended screens.",
"Adhesive foil, mostly in pink, was attached to the curtain wall that closed off the viewing area.",
"Seating furniture in matching colors and sizes invited people to enjoy the art together.",
"Sylvia Lavin concluded in the magazine ''Artforum'': \"This intersection of two seemingly incompatible orders—Rist's uncertain vulnerability and Eisenman's hostile hyperrationality—catalyzed a new spatial economy generated by irreducible moments of experience to which no conventions of value can be attached.",
"\"In a conversation with Richard Julin, Rist placed ''Pepperminta'' in a generational line with later video works: In the feature film ''Pepperminta'', the protagonist lives in the space before the fall of man, in her art work ''Liberty, A Statue For Löndon'' she has returned to civilization, and in ''Tyngdkraft, var min vän'' she overcomes seasons and gravity, and, together with an androgynous person, she flies away from the world."
],
[
"External links",
"* * ''Pepperminta'' at swissfilms.ch * ''Pepperminta'' at prisma.de * '' Pepperminta'' at cineuropa.org* Interview with Pipilotti Rist at arttv.ch (Video, 3:19 min )"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Levittown Memorial High School"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Levittown Memorial High School''' was a public high school for grades 9-12 that was operated by the Levittown Union Free School District.",
"Opened in 1953, the school closed in 1983 and has been used by the district for its offices and as the site of the Gerald R. Claps Career and Technical Center.The school was the district's first high school, constructed to serve the influx of new residents who had moved in to the suburban development in Levittown, New York.",
"In the face of declining enrollment, the school was closed in 1983 and repurposed for district offices and as a career center."
],
[
"Notable alumni",
"* Ellie Greenwich (1940–2009), pop music singer, songwriter, and record producer* Kate Murray (born 1962), politician and attorney who served in the New York State Assembly and was Supervisor of the Town of Hempstead, New York"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2000 Clare Senior Hurling Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2000 Clare Senior Hurling Championship''' was the 107th staging of the Clare Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Clare County Board in 1887.St Joseph's Doora-Barefield entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Éire Óg in the semi-finals.The final was played on 15 October 2000 at Cusack Park in Ennis, between Sixmilebridge and Éire Óg, in what was their fourth meeting overall in the final and a first meeting in eight years.",
"Sixmilebridge won the match by 4–09 to 1–08 to claim their ninth championship title overall and a first title in five years."
],
[
"Results",
"===Final==="
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Stormy (2024 film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Stormy''''' is an upcoming American documentary film, directed and produced by Sarah Gibson.",
"It follows Stormy Daniels, as she navigates being a mother, artist, and advocate working hard to reinvent herself following the Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal.",
"It will have its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 8, 2024, and is scheduled to be released on March 18, 2024, by Peacock."
],
[
"Premise",
"Stormy Daniels navigates being a mother, artist, and advocate working hard to reinvent herself following the Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal."
],
[
"Production",
"Erin Lee Carr serves as producer, while Judd Apatow serves as an executive producer under his Apatow Productions banner."
],
[
"Release",
"It is scheduled to have its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 8, 2024.It is scheduled to be released on March 18, 2024, by Peacock."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of Constitutional Court opinions of Arthur Chaskalson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Arthur Chaskalson served in the Constitutional Court of South Africa from its inception in 1995 until his retirement in 2005."
],
[
"Majority opinions",
" No.",
"Case name Citation Notes2''Executive Council of the Western Cape Legislature v President''3''Zantsi v Council of State, Ciskei''Co-written with John Trengove.4''In re: National Education Policy Bill No 83 of 1995''5''Brink v Kitshoff''6''In re: KwaZulu-Natal Amakhosi and Iziphakanyiswa Amendment Bill of 1995''7''Transvaal Agricultural Union v Minister of Land Affairs''8''Minister of Justice v Ntuli''9''S v Pennington''10''S v Lawrence; S v Negal; S v Solberg''11''Soobramoney v Minister of Health, KwaZulu-Natal''12''Bruce and Another v Fleecytex Johannesburg''13''Amod v Multilateral Motor Vehicle Accidents Fund''14''Fraser v Naude''15''Fedsure Life Assurance v Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council''Co-written with Goldstone and O'Regan.16''Premier of the Western Cape v President''17''President v South African Rugby Football Union''18''S v Manyonyo''19''Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association in re: Ex Parte President''20''Dormehl v Minister of Justice''21''South African Association of Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath''22''Mkangeli v Joubert''23''Minister of Public Works v Kyalami Ridge Environmental Association''24''Prince v President of the Law Society of the Cape of Good Hope''Co-written with Ackermann and Kriegler.25''Bel Porto School Governing Body v Premier of the Western Cape''26''S v Van Rooyen''27''African National Congress v United Democratic Movement''28''Minister of Home Affairs v Eisenberg & Associates''29''Minister of Home Affairs v NICRO''30''Kaunda v President''"
],
[
"References",
"* South Africa: Constitutional Court of South Africa cases.",
"''SAFLII.''",
"Retrieved 7 February 2024.",
"* Author: \"Chaskalson P\".",
"''Constitutional Court of South Africa''.",
"Retrieved 7 February 2024."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Oleksandr Bilokon"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Oleksandr Hennadiyovych Bilokon''' (22 April 1991 – 2 February 2024) was a Ukrainian strongman, and a combatant of the Russian-Ukrainian war.",
"Oleksandr was a World and European champion in powerlifting and a record holder of the Book of Records of Ukraine."
],
[
"Biography",
"Oleksandr Hennadiyovych Bilokon was born in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region on 22 April 1991.He was holder of the title \"The Strongest Man of Ukraine\" (in the weight category of 95 kg) in 2020, Master of Sports (2020).Oleksandr was World and European champion in powerlifting, bronze medalist of the Cup of Ukraine.=== Russian-Ukrainian war ===Bilokon was mobilised in March 2023.In early June 2023, he received a severe shrapnel wound to his arm, but took part in the veteran competition \"Kyiv Unbreakable\", where he won the championship.Bilokon died in the conflict in February 2024, at the age of 32."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Tour de la Provence"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Tour de la Provence''' is a road cycling stage race taking place between 8 and 11 February 2024 in the French region of Provence.",
"The race is rated as a category 2.1 event on the 2024 UCI Europe Tour calendar, and is the eighth edition of the Tour de la Provence."
],
[
"Teams",
"Five UCI WorldTeams, four UCI ProTeams, and eight UCI Continental teams made up the 17 teams that participated in the race.",
"All but twoteams entered a full squad of seven riders each, with and entering six.",
"In total, 117 riders started the race.",
"'''UCI WorldTeams'''* * * * * '''UCI ProTeams'''* * * * '''UCI Continental Teams'''* * * * * * * *"
],
[
"Route",
"+ Stage characteristics and winners Stage Date Course Distance Type Stage winner P 8 February Marseille alt= Individual time trial 1 9 February Aix-en-Provence to Martigues alt= Hilly stage 2 10 February Forcalquier to Manosque alt= Hilly stage 3 11 February Rognac to Arles alt= Flat stage Total"
],
[
"Stages",
"=== Prologue ===;8 February 2024 – Marseille, (ITT)=== Stage 1 ===;9 February 2024 – Aix-en-Provence to Martigues, === Stage 2 ===;10 February 2024 – Forcalquier to Manosque, === Stage 3 ===;11 February 2024 – Rognac to Arles,"
],
[
"Classification leadership table",
"+ Classification leadership by stage Stage Winner General classification Points classification Mountains classification Young rider classification Team classification People's Favourite award P Mads Pedersen Mads Pedersen Mads Pedersen ''Not awarded'' Jakob Söderqvist Jérémy Cabot 1 Mads Pedersen Kévin Avoine Kévin Avoine 2 Mads Pedersen Marco Frigo Ewen Costiou Enzo Boulet 3 Tom Van Asbroeck Kévin Avoine Pierre Gautherat Final Mads Pedersen Pierre Gautherat ''Not awarded''"
],
[
"Classification standings",
" Legend Denotes the winner of the general classification Denotes the winner of the points classification Denotes the winner of the mountains classification Denotes the winner of the young rider classification Denotes the winner of the People's Favourite award=== General classification ===+ Final general classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 11h 52' 36\" 2 + 29\" 3 + 29\" 4 + 1' 36\" 5 + 1' 41\" 6 + 1' 46\" 7 + 2' 02\" 8 + 2' 14\" 9 + 2' 38\" 10 + 3' 45\"=== Points classification ===+ Final points classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 50 2 30 3 15 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 8 10 8=== Mountains classification ===+ Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 11 2 9 3 5 4 5 5 4 6 3 7 2 8 1 9 1 10 1=== Young rider classification ===+ Final young rider classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 11h 54' 22\" 2 + 28\" 3 + 2' 07\" 4 + 2' 17\" 5 + 7' 44\" 6 + 9' 11\" 7 + 9' 20\" 8 + 12' 24\" 9 + 14' 54\" 10 + 15' 09\"===Teams classification===+ Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time 1 35h 41' 20\" 2 + 26\" 3 + 3' 13\" 4 + 4' 54\" 5 + 5' 05\" 6 + 7' 00\" 7 + 11' 10\" 8 + 11' 56\" 9 + 19' 38\" 10 + 30' 26\""
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"BUA Foods"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''BUA Foods plc''' is a Nigerian company based in Lagos.",
"It is part of the Nigerian BUA conglomerate.",
"Its business activities include the production, processing and distribution of food products through its sugar, flour, pasta, rice and edible oils divisions.",
"The sugar division includes the production, processing, refining and distribution of raw sugar and its by-products.",
"The rice division has a rice mill with a capacity of over 200,000 tons per year.",
"The edible oils division specializes in the conversion of crude palm oil into oil products, including palm oil, stearin and distilled fatty acids.The company is listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and is part of the NSE index of the same name.",
"With a market cap of 2.6 billion US$ in 2022 it was one of the most valuable companies in Nigeria."
],
[
"History",
"In 1988, BUA International Ltd. was founded to import iron and steel as well as rice.",
"The own food production began after the takeover of Nigeria Oil Mills Ltd. with the edible oil business in 2000.Subsequently, BUA Sugar Refinery Ltd. was founded on April 13, 2005, for the refining of sugar.",
"In 2007, BUA Flour Mills in Kano was established with a capacity of 500 tons per day.",
"The rice division was founded in 2014 and the pasta division in 2019.In 2021, BUA Foods Limited was converted into a public limited company and the name was changed to BUA Foods plc.",
"The IPO took place in the same year."
],
[
"See also",
"* BUA Cement"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Machi Dilworth"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Machi Fukuyama Dilworth''' is a Japanese and American plant biologist whose research focuses on genetic and hormonal metabolism in plants and who has been instrumental in the ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' genome sequencing project.",
"Raised in Japan and attending university there, Dilworth moved to the United States for graduate studies and then worked at multiple universities as a research associate during the 1970s.",
"Later hired by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), she was placed into increasing positions of influence by program director Mary Clutter and put in charge of the various plant genome projects in progress.",
"She used this opportunity and later positions in Japan, such as at Riken or the NSF's Tokyo Office and later the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, to advance the prospects of women in science.",
"Her primary drive has been to increase the amount of women in Japan who go into STEM fields and contribute to scientific research.",
"Dilworth has been noted by the American Society of Plant Biologists for her work and for being a founding member of its Legacy Society."
],
[
"Childhood and education",
"Born in Japan, Dilworth attended International Christian University in Tokyo and received a Bachelor's degree in biology, during which she conducted undergraduate research in the lab of her adviser, Masayuki Katsumi.",
"Visited by UCLA professor Bernard Phinney, he suggested that Dilworth become a graduate student in his lab, which she accepted after Katsumi's approval and began attending in 1967 through the use of a Fulbright Fellowship.",
"She obtained a Ph.D. in plant physiology and biochemistry in 1971, with her thesis focusing on how gibberellins are biosynthesized."
],
[
"Career",
"===Postdoctorate and research associate===Instead of returning to Japan, because of her marriage, Dilworth moved to work at Michigan State University alongside him.",
"She then took a postdoctoral position at the MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory with Hans Kende as her sponsor.",
"She was later made the postdoctoral representative for the faculty search committee and was involved in the hiring of two assistant professors for the research laboratory.",
"After the birth of her first child and a year of maternity leave, Dilworth and her husband moved to the University of Georgia (UGA) in 1975.She obtained a research associate job in the lab of Leon Dure.",
"During her three years there, she learned about genetic modification of plants using ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'' after an interaction with Jozef Schell.",
"Dilworth and her family moved to Washington D.C. in 1978 after her husband obtained a position at the National Institutes of Health.",
"However, despite her past experience, she was unable to find a new research position for most of a year before becoming a research associate at the Smithsonian Radiation Biology Laboratory under Beth Gantt.",
"She only stayed for several months though before applying for and obtaining in 1979 by the approval of Mary Clutter a assistant program director position at the National Science Foundation (NSF) in charge of the Developmental Biology program.",
"Two years later in 1981, she became a associate program manager at the USDA Competitive Research Grants Office in charge of the Genetic Mechanisms Program.",
"She was involved in creating coordinating committees to focus on the multiple scientific fields needed to map the genomes of plants.",
"In 1987, she was a founding member of ''The Plant Cell'', remaining the reviews editor until 1991.===NSF and STEM for women===She spent most of a decade in the position navigating the proposal review panels before Clutter asked her to return to the NSF in 1990 to become a program director for the Biological Infrastructure Division (BIO) and to focus on supporting the Arabidopsis plant genome program.",
"This resulted in Dilworth working alongside DeLill Nasser to create multiple research projects within the NSF, including the Multinational Coordinated Arabidopsis thaliana Genome Research Project, the International Arabidopsis genome sequencing program and the Arabidopsis 2020 Project.",
"Taking a nine month sabbatical at the end of 1996 to return to Japan, she spent the time at Riken as a visiting fellow funded by the Japan Science and Technology Agency.",
"The purpose of the fellowship grant was to have her determine the current state of biotechnology research in Japan at various public and private institutions.This time period coincided with the United States government proposing the funding of the National Plant Genome Initiative, which Clutter accepted and had Dilworth begin work on creating the Plant Genome Research Program when she returned under the new funding system.",
"The research served as a collaboration between the USDA and the DOE.",
"Dilworth was also promoted in 1997 to acting division director for the Division of Biological Infrastructure and be made permanent in the position by 1999.In 2007, she left her position in NSF's biology divisions and ended up being made the science and technology attaché at the US embassy in Tokyo, while also being made the head of the NSF's Tokyo Office from 2007 until 2010.She used this opportunity to try and increase the amount of Japanese women involved in STEM fields in Japan.",
"After, she returned to the United States to become the acting executive officer for the NSF's Mathematical and Physical Sciences division from 2010 until 2011 and then top leadership in the NSF as head of the Office of International Science and Engineering from 2011 until 2012.Officially leaving the NSF in June 2012, Dilworth retired to Hawaii to join her husband's new home.",
"She then took up a part time position as a senior adviser for the University of Hawaii at Hilo's Office of the Chancellor while otherwise remaining retired.",
"During this time period, she served remotely as a member of the Board of Directors and the Scientific Advisory Board for the Boyce Thompson Institute.",
"She returned to a working position, however, in 2015 after the creation of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University to become the vice president for gender equality.",
"This position allowed her to continue her previous efforts of increasing the amount of Japanese women joining STEM fields.",
"She then retired again in 2019."
],
[
"Research",
"After her graduate work on gibberellins, her postdoctoral work moved to ''Agrostemma'' and the biochemistry involved in the genetic component of nitrate metabolism and hormonal impacts of nitrate that then leads to germination of the plant's seeds.",
"Once she had changed to a UGA lab, her research swapped to cottonseed and how the germinating seeds' storage proteins control their amino acid metabolism.",
"The Gantt lab saw her focus on ''Porphyridium cruentum'' and the biochemistry of its phycobilisomes."
],
[
"Organizations",
"Dilworth joined the American Society of Plant Biologists in the late 1960s and went on to become a founding member of the group's Legacy Society."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Dilworth met her husband, Greg Dilworth, while working on her Ph.D. at UCLA and they married the day after she successfully defended her thesis."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Military interventions in the politics of Pakistan"
],
[
"Introduction",
"In Pakistan, military interventions in politics have occurred both directly, through military coups, and indirectly, through the establishment of hybrid regimes.",
"The country has seen its military directly govern for over thirty years throughout its history.",
"Even during periods of civilian rule, the military has exerted considerable influence over critical areas such as foreign affairs, national security, and the economy, despite assertions from the military that it has ceased its involvement in political matters."
],
[
"History",
"The first military coup in Pakistan took place in 1958 when Iskander Mirza declared martial law and appointed the then Army Chief, General Ayub Khan, as the chief martial law administrator.",
"This arrangement was short-lived as Khan quickly deposed Mirza, exiling him to England, and assumed the presidency himself.Khan's tenure was marked by increasing unrest, particularly in East Pakistan, which eventually led to his replacement by Yahya Khan in 1969, under the pretext of maintaining order.",
"The general elections of 1970, regarded for their fairness, resulted in political turmoil when the Awami Muslim League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from East Pakistan, was prevented from assuming power, leading to a civil war and the subsequent creation of Bangladesh in 1971.Following the conflict, martial law was lifted in 1972, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became prime minister in 1973 after the enactment of a new constitution.",
"Bhutto's rule ended in 1977 when Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq staged a coup amid allegations of electoral fraud against Bhutto.",
"Zia-ul-Haq's regime extended until his death in 1988, after which Pakistan experienced intermittent civilian rule, primarily under Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto, though their administrations were marred by accusations of corruption.The last military coup occurred in 1999, led by Pervez Musharraf against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, in the context of the Kargil conflict with India.",
"Musharraf's government, which was later sanctioned by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, held elections in 2002, leading to a government formed by the Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid.In 2008, Musharraf resigned in the face of diminishing support and impeachment threats, ending the period of direct military rule."
],
[
"Causes",
"Military interventions in the politics of Pakistan, have been attributed to various factors including the military's vested interests, economic instability, poverty, weak institutional frameworks, widespread corruption, and a low level of political culture.",
"Samuel Huntington points out that these interventions are not solely due to the military's ambitions but also stem from the fragility of political institutions and an underdeveloped political culture in these nations, which provide the military with opportunities to seize state power.Huntington also observes that military regimes often present themselves as temporary solutions, yet historical patterns indicate challenges in transitioning power back to civilian governments.",
"These regimes tend to focus on their own class interests and seek to maintain their popularity, but they often lack the capacity to effectively address complex national issues.",
"This leads to the establishment of new political systems that may appear more robust than their predecessors but do not fundamentally resolve the initial problems.During military rule, the importance of traditional political processes and authority is diminished.",
"Politicians may engage with the military to further their own future goals, but such collaborations seldom lead to significant improvements in the political system.",
"This pattern has been observed in Pakistan, where military coups have hindered the development of a stable and democratic political framework, contributing to ongoing political instability."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* Shah, Aqil (2014).",
"''The Army and Democracy''"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchate"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchate''' ('''Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchy''', ) is subdivision of the Moscow Patriarchate, acting as a Synodal institution.",
"Since 1961 the '''Chancellor of the Moscow Patriarchate''' () is a permanent member and secretary of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church (ex officio)."
],
[
"History",
"After the establishment of the Provisional Patriarchal Holy Synod in 1927, the position of Chancellor of the Synod was created under the Deputy Patriarchal Locum Tenens Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky).",
"On May 18, 1935, due to the forced liquidation of the Provisional Patriarchal Holy Synod, the position of the Chancellor of the Provisional Patriarchal Holy Synod was renamed the Chancellor of the Moscow Patriarchate.On March 16, 1961, the Holy Synod decided to include among its permanent members the Chancellor of the Moscow Patriarchate and the chairman of the Department of External Church Relations, these positions were now to be filled by persons in the rank of bishop.",
"On July 18, 1961, the Council of Bishops, following a report by Metropolitan Pitirim (Sviridov) of Krutitsy, approved this resolution and made appropriate changes to paragraphs 18 and 19 of the \"Regulations on the Administration of the Russian Orthodox Church\".On March 5, 2010, the Holy Synod Russian Orthodox Church adopted a Regulation on the Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchate.On July 26, 2010, by the decision of the Holy Synod Russian Orthodox Church, the Control and analytical service for the Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchate was established.On May 30, 2019, the Holy Synod approved a new version of the Regulation on the Chancellery of the Moscow Patriarchate."
],
[
"Chancellors",
"* Archpriest Alexander Lebedev (18 May 1935 — 19 August 1937) was arrested on April 14, 1937* Archbishop Sergius (Voskresensky) (8 October 1937 — 24 February 1941)* Protopresbyter Nikolai Kolchitsky (1 April 1941 — 5 July 1960)* Archbishop Pimen (Izvekov) (5 July 1960 — 14 November 1961)* Archbishop Cyprian (Zernov) (14 November 1961 — 25 February 1964)* Metropolitan Pimen (Izvekov) (25 February — 22 December 1964)* Metropolitan Alexy (Ridiger) (22 December 1964 — 29 July 1986)* Metropolitan Sergius (Petrov) (29 July 1986 — 30 December 1987)* Metropolitan Vladimir (Sabodan) (30 December 1987 — 27 May 1992)* Metropolitan Sergius (Fomin) (17 July 1996 — 26 December 2003)* Metropolitan Clement (Kapalin) (26 December 2003 — 31 March 2009)* Metropolitan Barsanuphius (Sudakov) (31 March 2009 — 26 February 2019)* Metropolitan Sabbas (Mikheev) (26 February — 29 October 2019)* Metropolitan Dionysius (Porubay) (29 October 2019 — 11 October 2023)* Metropolitan Gregory (Petrov) (since 11 October 2023)"
],
[
"Reflist"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"William Robert Houghton"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''William Robert Houghton''' was an American writer, best known for ''Two Boys in the Civil War and After'' (1912), which he co-wrote with his younger brother, Mitchell Bennett Houghton."
],
[
"Biography",
"William Robert Houghton was born in 1842 in Heard County, Georgia.",
"His father, William Henry Houghton, practiced law, but moved to Alabama in the run-up to the American Civil War.",
"Houghton enlisted in the Confederate Army; he joined the Columbus Guards and served with the Second Georgia Regiment.",
"He saw combat in Virginia and Tennessee and was wounded during the Battle of Malvern Hill, and again at the Second Battle of Bull Run.",
"After the war was over, he studied law, passed the bar in 1866, and started a practice in Hayneville, Alabama.",
"He married Anna Streety in 1875; they had a son, Harry.",
"His wife died in 1882, and five years later he moved to Birmingham, where he died in 1906.His younger brother, Mitchell Bennett, was born in 1844 or 1845, attended Dover Academy, and signed up with the Glenville Guards of Barbour County, which became attached to the Fifteenth Alabama regiment.",
"He also fought at the Second Battle of Bull Run and was in Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley campaign.",
"He moved to Montgomery and started a career in business and banking after the war ended.The brothers wrote their war memoirs together: ''Two Boys in the Civil War and After'' was published in 1911 by a Montgomery publisher, after William's death.",
"Much of the content is William's, including many recollections and reflections of the war, and of life in the South after the war."
],
[
"Bibliography",
"*''Two Boys in the Civil War and After'' (Montgomery: Paragon Press, 1912)"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Struan Walker"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Struan Walker''' (born 6 July 2002) is a Scottish field hockey player."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Struan Walker grew up in Glasgow, Scotland.He is a former student of Hutchesons' Grammar School."
],
[
"Career",
"===Domestic league===Walker competes in the English Hockey League for Surbiton.===Under–21===He made his junior international debut for the Scotland U–21 team in 2019.He represented the team at the EuroHockey Junior Championship II in Plžen Litice, where he won a gold medal.===Senior national teams===Walker made his senior international debut for Scotland in 2021.He represented the team at the EuroHockey Championship II in Gniezno, where he won a silver medal, and the European Qualifier for the FIH World Cup in Cardiff.He made his first appearance at a major tournament in 2022, representing Scotland at the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham.In 2023 he was named in the Great Britain squad, making his debut during season five of the FIH Pro League."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2001–02 FK Sarajevo season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2001–02 Sarajevo season''' was the club's 53th season in history, and their 8th consecutive season in the top flight of Bosnian football, the Premier League of BiH.",
"Besides competing in the Premier League, the team competed in the National Cup and the qualifications for UEFA Cup."
],
[
"Squad information",
"===First-team squad===Source:"
],
[
"Kit",
"SupplierSponsor Umbro NAAI AurA"
],
[
"Competitions",
"===Overview======Premier League======= League table ========Results summary========Results by round=======Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina=======Round of 32========Round of 16========Quarter-finals========Semi-finals========Final=======UEFA Cup=======Qualifying round===="
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Alfred Irving (former slave)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alfred Irving''', (c 1900 – after 1942) was an American man believed to be the last person to be freed from slavery in the United States."
],
[
"Background",
"thumbAlex Skrobarcek and his daughter, Susie, were indicted in Laredo, Texas on October 2, 1942, for holding Irving in slavery for five years.",
"The pair were arrested at their secluded farm by representatives of the sheriff's office, the traffic police, and the FBI.They repeatedly whipped him, starved him, and beat him with chains and ropes so badly that he was physically disfigured."
],
[
"The verdict",
"The Skrobarcek family pleaded not guilty.",
"They were found guilty of violating 18 USC 77 §, Peonage, slavery, and trafficking in persons by a grand jury on March 18, 1943 in Corpus Christi, Texas''.''"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Highland Curling Club"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Highland Curling Club''' is a curling club located in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.",
"It is one of two clubs in the city, along with the Caledonian Curling Club."
],
[
"History",
"The club was founded in 1954 as the Imperial Curling Club, with three natural ice sheets, with a focus on access for students at Imperial School.",
"In 1958, the club switched to artificial ice.",
"In 1970, the club renamed itself the Highland Curling Club to avoid confusion with the town of Imperial.",
"In 1974, the club sold its rink to the Kronau Curling Club in nearby Kronau; the Kronau club dismantled and hauled the rink from Regina and rebuilt it, opening it by 1976.The Highland Club build a new six-sheet facility that opened in 1975.=== Provincial champions ===The Highland has produced a number of provincial men's and women's champions in recent years.",
"The Jolene Campbell rink was the first to win a provincial title, securing the 2016 Saskatchewan Tournament of Hearts to represent the province at the national Tournament of Hearts.",
"The following year, Adam Casey's team won the first provincial men's title for the club, defeating three-time defending champion Steve Laycock in the final.",
"In 2020, Matt Dunstone's rink advanced to the Tim Horton's Brier, where they amassed an 8–5 record en route to a third-place finish.",
"Most recently, Kelly Knapp's rink won the 2023 Tankard—Knapp went on to win the Ross Harstone Sportsmanship award, voted on by the players, at the 2023 Tim Hortons Brier.",
"Teams from the Highland also represented the province at the 2014 and 2015 Canadian Club Championships.+Provincial titles by Highland rinks Year Event Skip Third Second Lead Nationals record2023SaskTel TankardKelly KnappBrennen JonesMike ArmstrongTrent Knapp4–42020SaskTel TankardMatt DunstoneBraeden MoskowyCatlin SchneiderDustin Kidby8–52017SaskTel TankardAdam CaseyCatlin SchneiderShaun MeachemDustin Kidby5–62016Scotties Tournament of HeartsJolene CampbellAshley HowardCallan HamonAshley Williamson6–5"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of curling clubs in Saskatchewan"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Conostylis seminuda"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Habit'''''Conostylis seminuda''''' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia.",
"It has flat leaves and golden yellow, tubular flowers."
],
[
"Description",
"''Conostylis seminuda'' is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial grass-like plant or herb that typically grows to a height of .",
"It has flat leaves long, wide and glabrous, apart from bristles or hairs on the edges.",
"The flowers are long and borne on a flowering stem up to long, the flowers golden yellow with lobes long.",
"The anthers are long and the style is long.",
"Flowering occurs in September and October."
],
[
"Taxonomy and naming",
"''Conostylis seminuda'' was first formally described in 1987 by Stephen Hopper in the ''Flora of Australia'', from specimens he collected west of the Brand Highway, east of Jurien Bay in 1982.The specific epithet (''seminuda'') means \"half-naked\", referring to the sparsely-hairy leaves."
],
[
"Distribution and habitat",
"This conostylis grows in sand in low heath in a small area between Mount Lesueur and Alexander Morrison National Park in the Geraldton Sandplains and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia."
],
[
"Conservation status",
"''Conostylis seminuda'' is listed as \"not threatened\" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"1945–46 Derby County F.C. season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1945–46 season''' saw Derby compete in the wartime Southern Division, as well as the F.A.",
"Cup, which they went on to win.Derby broke a club record in this season, when they went matches 17 unbeaten, until losing to Coventry City in March 1946.Derby's sixth round FA cup tie against Aston Villa set an attendance record at Villa Park of 76,500 spectators, a record which remains to the present day.Left-half Tommy Eggleston, who had joined Derby 10 years prior in 1946, made his only senior appearance for the club in the FA Cup 3rd round second leg tie against Luton, before his transfer to Leicester City."
],
[
"Competitions",
"===South Region War League===Through the Second World War, the '''Football League North''' and '''Football League South''' divisions of the Football League were created temporarily to limit travel distances between games.",
"Despite starting in 1940, there was only one full season in 1945–46.Derby participated in the southern division.===F.A.",
"Cup===\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t===Friendlies==="
],
[
"Statistics",
"===Appearances and goals=== Goalkeepers Defenders Midfielders Forwards"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mohammed Khalil"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mohammed Abdulkarim Mohammed Khalil''' (; born 5 April 1998) is a Palestinian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Al-Nasr SC and the Palestine national team."
],
[
"Career",
"Khalil began his senior career with Al-Bireh in the Palestinian second division in 2015, in the 2016–17 season helped them earn promotion to the West Bank Premier League.",
"In 2018 he had a year-long stint with Hilal Areeha before returning to Al-Bireh.",
"In 2021, he transferred to Hilal Al-Quds.",
"On 7 July 2022, he extended his contract with Hilal Al-Quds for another season.",
"In February 2024, he transferred to the Libyan club Ascharara."
],
[
"International",
"Khalil debuted with the senior Palestine national team in a 2–0 friendly win over Bangladesh on 15 January 2020.He made the squad for the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup.",
"He made the final squad for Palestine for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Associação Prudentina de Esportes Atléticos"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Associação Pruedentina de Esportes Atléticos''', simply known as '''Prudentina''', is a Brazilian social club and a former professional football and basketball club based in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo."
],
[
"History",
"Founded in 1936, Prudentina reached its glory days during the 60s, when it won the third and second divisions of São Paulo, and played in the elite for six seasons (1962 to 1967, its last year as a professional).",
"Played at the Félix Ribeiro Marcondes Stadium, demolished in the 80s.",
"Prudentina also had a women's basketball team in the 80s, twice champion in the category."
],
[
"Honours",
"*'''Campeonato Paulista Série A2'''**'''Winners:''' 1961*'''Campeonato Paulista Série A3'''**'''Winners:''' 1960===Women's basketball===*''''''**'''Winners:''' 1982, 1983"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Hoby Anderson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Hobart \"Hoby\" Anderson''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1997 to 2001.Anderson was first elected in 1996 after incumbent representative Ron Cyrus did not seek reelection.",
"He was defeated for reelection in 2000 by Democrat Tanya Pullin."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mariana Aguilar Chávez"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mariana•Aguilar Chávez Peon''' (born 12 March 1999) is a Mexican sailor.",
"She won a gold medal in Women's IQFoil at the 2023 Pan American Games."
],
[
"Life",
"She competed at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, 2022 IqFoil European Championship, 2023 Sailing World Championships, and 2024 IqFoil World Championship.",
"She qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics.She is a student at Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Santa Fe ."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Rafael Alvira"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rafael Alvira''' (24 October 1942 – 4 February 2024) was a Spanish philosopher.",
"He died on 4 February 2024, at the age of 81."
],
[
"Publications",
"* ''¿Qué es la libertad?",
"'', Emesa, Madrid, 1976 (2ª edic.",
"en México D.F.",
")* ''La noción de finalidad'', Eunsa, Pamplona, 1978.",
"* ''Reivindicación de la voluntad'', Eunsa, Pamplona, 1988.",
"* ''Razón y libertad'', Rialp, Madrid 1990 (editor y colaborador)* ''El hombre: inmanencia y transcendencia'', Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 1991 (editor y colaborador).",
"* ''La razón de ser hombre.",
"Ensayo acerca de la justificación del ser humano'', Rialp, Madrid, 1998.",
"* ''El lugar al que se vuelve.",
"Reflexiones sobre la familia'', Eunsa, Pamplona, 1998.",
"* ''Filosofía de la vida cotidiana'', Rialp, Madrid, 1999.",
"* ''Sociedad civil.",
"La democracia y su destino'', Eunsa, Pamplona, 1999 (editor y colaborador).",
"* ''Humanidades para el siglo XXI'', Eunsa, Pamplona, 2006 (en colaboración con Kurt Spang)."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024–25 snooker season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024–25 snooker season''' is an upcoming professional snooker season with tournaments played between 2024 and 2025."
],
[
"Players",
"=== New professional players ===The players listed below have received a two-year tour card so far, for the 2024–25 and 2025–26 seasons.",
";Top 4 players from 2023–24 one year ranking list;International champions;Q Tour;CBSA China Tour;World Women's Snooker qualifiers;Q School;Event 1;Event 2;Asia-Oceania Event 1;Asia-Oceania Event 2"
],
[
"Calendar",
"The following tables outline the dates and results for all the World Snooker Tour, World Women's Snooker Tour, World Seniors Tour, Q Tour, and other events in the season.=== World Snooker Tour === Ranking event Non-ranking event Start Finish Tournament Venue Winner Runner-up ?",
"?",
"Jul ?",
"?",
"Jul Shanghai Masters Shanghai Grand Stage in Shanghai, China 19 Aug 25 Aug Xi'an Grand Prix Xi'an, China 31 Aug 7 Sep Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 16 Sep 22 Sep English Open Brentwood Centre in Brentwood, England 23 Sep 29 Sep British Open The Centaur in Cheltenham, England 7 Oct 13 Oct Wuhan Open Wuhan Gymnasium in Wuhan, China 20 Oct 27 Oct Northern Ireland Open Waterfront Hall in Belfast, Northern Ireland 3 Nov 10 Nov International Championship in Tianjin, China 23 Nov 1 Dec UK Championship York Barbican in York, England 9 Dec 15 Dec Scottish Open Meadowbank Sports Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland 12 Jan 19 Jan Masters Alexandra Palace in London, England 27 Jan 2 Feb German Masters Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany 3 Mar 9 Mar World Open Yushan, China 19 Apr 5 May World Championship Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England '''Note:''' The calendar only includes events that have been confirmed so far, and is subject to change before the start of the season.=== World Women's Snooker Tour === === World Seniors Tour====== Q Tour ==="
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official calendar at World Snooker Tour* 2024–25 season calendar at snooker.org"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Results of the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries"
],
[
"Introduction",
"This article contains the '''results of the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses,''' the processes by which the Democratic Party selects delegates to attend the 2012 Democratic National Convention."
],
[
"Maps",
"+Map legend Barack Hussein Obama John Wolfe, Jr. Keith Judd Bob Ely Randall Terry Jim Rogers ''Uncommitted'' ''Tie'' ''No votes reported''File:2012 Democratic presidential primary results by county.svg|First-place winners of each county"
],
[
"Overview of results",
"During the 2012 presidential primaries, 51 individuals sought the nomination of the Democratic Party.",
"Incumbent President Barack Obama won the nomination unanimously at the 2012 Democratic National Convention and was re-elected as president in the general election by defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney.As expected for the incumbent president, Obama won every primary election, but faced more difficulty than projected.",
"Fifteen additional candidates appeared on primary ballots, and of these, four appeared on more than one ballot.",
"Four qualified for convention delegates including: attorney John Wolfe, Jr., prison inmate Keith Russell Judd, perennial candidate Jim Rogers, and anti-abortion activist Randall Terry.",
"Each of these had their delegates stripped prior to the convention due to technicalities.The following candidates earned at least 5% of the popular vote in any contest: Legend: 1st place(popular vote) 2nd place(popular vote) 3rd place(popular vote) Candidate noton ballotDatePledgeddelegatesContestCandidates and resultsTotal votes castRefx170pxBarack Obamax170pxJohn Wolfe Jr. KJKeith Juddx170pxDarcy Richardson BEBob Elyx170pxRandall Terry JRJim Rogersx170pxOther/UncommittedJanuary 354Iowa'''94.0%'''''Unknown'''''6.0%'''January 1028New Hampshire'''80.9%''''''0.4%'''''Unknown'''''0.4%''''''0.5%''''''0.7%'''''Unknown'''''17.1%'''January 2136Nevada'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''January 2856South Carolina'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''February 791Minnesota'''96.3%'''''Not on ballot'''''3.7%'''February 789Missouri'''88.4%''''''1.4%'''''Not on ballot'''''1.2%'''''Not on ballot'''''2.7%'''''Not on ballot'''''6.3%'''February 2631Maine'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''February 28''None''Michigan'''89.3%'''''Not on ballot'''''10.7%'''March 5110Georgia'''100%'''''Not on ballot''March 6110Massachusetts'''81.2%'''''Not on ballot'''''18.8%'''174Ohio'''100%'''''Not on ballot''45Oklahoma'''57.1%'''''Not on ballot'''''6.4%''''''4.7%''''''18.0%''''''13.8%'''''Not on ballot''82Tennessee'''88.5%'''''Not on ballot'''''11.5%'''18Vermont'''98.2%'''''Not on ballot'''''1.8%'''106Virginia'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''6American Samoa'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''March 726Hawai'i'''96.9%'''''Not on ballot'''''3.1%'''March 1363Alabama'''84.1%'''''Not on ballot'''''15.9%'''March 1340Mississippi'''100%'''''Not on ballot''29Utah'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''March 20189Illinois'''99.9%'''''Not on ballot'''''nil%'''''Not on ballot''March 2464Louisiana'''76.5%''''''11.8%'''''Not on ballot'''''5.2%''''''6.6%'''''Not on ballot''March 3170Arizona'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''April 397Maryland'''88.5%'''''Not on ballot'''''11.5%'''100Wisconsin'''98.2%'''''Not on ballot'''''1.8%'''100Washington, D.C.'''96.2%'''''Not on ballot'''''3.8%'''April 1419Alaska'''100%'''''Not on ballot''24Idaho'''100%'''''Not on ballot''49Kansas'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''38Nebraska'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''12Wyoming'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''April 2473Connecticut'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''23Delaware'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''337 New York'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''228Pennsylvania'''97.0%'''''Not on ballot'''''3.0%'''32Rhode Island'''83.4%'''''Not on ballot'''''16.6%'''May 5276Florida'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''183Michigan'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''7Guam'''100%'''''Not on ballot''May 619Democrats Abroad'''99.1%'''''Not on ballot'''''0.9%'''May 896Indiana'''100%'''''Not on ballot''139North Carolina'''79.2%''' ''Not on ballot'''''20.8%''' 36West Virginia'''59.4%''' ''Not on ballot'''''40.6%''' ''Not on ballot''May 15''None''Nebraska'''100%'''''Not on ballot''40Oregon'''94.7%'''''Not on ballot'''''5.3%'''May 2247Arkansas'''58.4%''' '''41.6%''' ''Not on ballot''47Kentucky'''57.9%''' ''Not on ballot'''''42.1%''' May 268Wyoming'''100%'''''Not on ballot''May 29''None''Texas'''88.2%''''''5.1%'''''Not on ballot'''''4.3%''''''2.5%'''''Not on ballot''June 272Colorado'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''June 360Puerto Rico'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''June 5547California'''99.9%''' ''Not on ballot'''''nil%'''''Not on ballot'''''nil%''' 24Montana'''90.5%'''''Not on ballot'''''9.5%'''153New Jersey'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''39New Mexico'''100%'''''Not on ballot''22North Dakota'''100%'''''Not on ballot''''Unreported''22South Dakota'''100%'''''Primary cancelled''June 3105Washington'''100%'''''Not on ballot''7Virgin Islands'''100%'''''Not on ballot''June 9260Texas'''100%'''''Not on ballot''N/AN/ANorthern Mariana Islands''No convention held'''''Totals votes earned'''4,76160 contests'''91.0%''''''1.3%''''''0.8%''''''0.5%''''''0.3%''''''0.3%''''''0.2%''''''5.6%''''''Convention roll call''''''100%''''''0%'''"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"A Day in Turkey"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''A Day in Turkey''''' is a 1791 comedy by the English author Hannah Cowley.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 3 December 1791.The original cast included Joseph George Holman as Ibrahim, William Farren as Orloff, John Fawcett as A La Greque, Joseph Shepherd Munden as Mustapha, William Cubitt as Azim, Charles Incledon as Selim, William Macready as Muley, Charles Farley as Ismael, James Thompson as Old Man, Jane Pope as Alexina, Harriet Pye Esten as Paulina, Isabella Mattocks as Lauretta and Margaret Martyr as Fatima.",
"The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 16 May 1792"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Escott, Angela.",
"''The Celebrated Hannah Cowley: Experiments in Dramatic Genre, 1776–1794''.",
"Routledge, 2015.",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of Constitutional Court opinions of Johann van der Westhuizen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Johann van der Westhuizen served in the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 1 February 2004 until his retirement on 31 January 2016."
],
[
"Majority opinions",
"No.Case nameCitation1 ''Mashavha v President''2''S v Jaipal''3''Omar v Government''4''Ex Parte Minister of Social Development''5''Magajane v Chairperson, North West Gambling Board''6''Fraser v ABSA''7''Shilubana v Nwamitwa (No.",
"1)''8''Shilubana v Nwamitwa (No.",
"2)''9''Merafong Demarcation Forum v President''10''Weare v Ndebele''11''Gcaba v Minister for Safety and Security''12''Nokotyana v Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality''13''Road Accident Fund v Mdeyide''14''Falk and Another v National Director of Public Prosecutions''15''City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Blue Moonlight Properties''16''Van der Burg v National Director of Public Prosecutions''17''National Credit Regulator v Opperman''18''Ngewu v Post Office Retirement Fund''19''Tulip Diamonds FZE v Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development''20''Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v Masingili''21''Loureiro v iMvula Quality Protection''22''De Klerk v Griekwaland Wes Korporatief''23''Khohliso v S''24''Tronox KZN Sands v KwaZulu-Natal Planning and Development Appeal Tribunal''"
],
[
"References",
"* South Africa: Constitutional Court of South Africa cases.",
"''SAFLII.''",
"Retrieved 7 February 2024.",
"* Author: Van der Westhuizen, J.",
"''Constitutional Court of South Africa.''",
"Retrieved 7 February 2024."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Jan Svanberg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jan Viktor Svanberg''' (born 18 June 1935 in Stockholm), is a Swedish art historian specialized in medieval art."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Jan Svanberg is the son of the literary historian and Inga Esbjörnsson, and the nephew of the Nordist .",
"In 1965 he married the literary scholar and feminist ."
],
[
"Education and university career",
"Svanberg graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1960, a in 1965 and a Doctor of Philosophy in Stockholm in 1973.He was a teacher at the in 1961-1962 and a teacher in the Department of Art History at Stockholm University starting in 1962.He was a Lecturer between 1974 and 1993, a Docent between 1981 and 1986, between 1982-1989 and Professor between 1982-1983 and 1989.In 1994 he became a professor of art history at the University of Oslo.",
"He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1995.He is currently Professor Emeritus of Art History at Stockholm University."
],
[
"Honors and awards",
"In 1990, Jan Svanberg received the Samfundet S:t Erik plaque at the same time as ."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"****"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Triphenylbismuthine"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Triphenylbismuthine''' is an organobismuth compound with the formula .",
"It is a white, air-stable solid that is soluble in organic solvents.",
"It is prepared by treatment of bismuth trichloride with phenylmagnesium bromide.",
":Structurally it resembles related compounds such as triphenylstibine.",
"The C-Bi-C angles are 94°.Triphenylbismuthine serves as a phenyl donor in some cross coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd(0) complexes.",
"It reacts with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to give bismuth triflate::Triphenylbismuthine readily undergoes oxidative addition to form Bi(V) derivatives such as triphenylbismuthine dichloride.left"
],
[
"Related compounds",
"*Triphenylphosphine*Triphenylarsine*Triphenylstibine"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"FIBA AfroBasket 2025"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''FIBA AfroBasket 2025''' will be the 31st edition of the FIBA AfroBasket, a men's basketball continental championship of Africa.",
"Tunisia are the defending champion, having won the 2017 and 2021 tournaments."
],
[
"Host selection",
"FIBA Africa will announce the host country later."
],
[
"Qualification",
"The qualification draw was held on 24 November 2023 in South Africa.",
"Games will be played from February to November 2024, to determine the 16 nations who will qualify for the tournament."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of parks and gardens of Barcelona"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Floral arrangement with the coat of arms of Barcelona, gardens of Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer.The '''parks and gardens of Barcelona''' cover an area of 2,784 hectares.",
"Its management depends on the Municipal Institute of Parks and Gardens of Barcelona (in ), a body under the Barcelona City Council.",
"Since the 19th century —and especially in the 20th century— Barcelona has been committed to the development of green areas in the city, and is currently one of the European cities with the most roadside trees (150,000 units).",
"In 2001 the Institute of Parks and Gardens received ISO 14001 certification for the conservation and management of green spaces and public roadside trees.Gardening in Barcelona has had an uneven evolution over time: the first significant project, the Labyrinth of Horta park, dates back to the 18th century; the first large public park in Barcelona, the Citadel, was opened in the 19th century; but most of the green areas in the city date from the 20th century, a period in which public gardening in the Catalan capital was given a great boost.",
"In this last century gardening has developed mainly in four phases: the first planning carried out by Léon Jaussely in his plan of connections and by Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí, author of an ambitious plan of concentric green areas throughout the city, from Montjuïc to the Besòs; the post-war period saw a setback in the creation of green spaces, mainly due to real estate speculation that led to an increase in the population due to immigration, as well as the priority given to road traffic due to the increase in the number of cars.",
"With the arrival of democracy there was a new impulse to the creation of landscaped spaces, with a predominance of architectural design and a multipurpose sense of space, which added to the plant element service areas and leisure and recreational facilities for the population; finally, towards the end of the century a more naturalistic trend emerged, more in line with the new ideas of ecology and environmental sustainability, with concern not only for parks and large green areas but also for the placement of groves in streets and promenades of the city.Depending on their characteristics, Barcelona's parks and gardens are divided into several typologies: \"historical\", those created before 1950, such as the ''Parc del Laberint d'Horta'', the ''Parc de la Ciutadella'', ''Parc Güell'', the gardens of the University of Barcelona, those of Laribal and those of the ''Palau Reial de Pedralbes''; \"thematic\", which are dedicated to a certain type of plant species, such as the ''Parc de Cervantes'', dedicated to roses, the Mossèn Costa i Llobera gardens, specialized in cacti and succulents, and the Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer gardens, dedicated to aquatic, bulbous and rhizomatous plants; \"urban\" are the most common type, parks and gardens located in the city and open to all public, with services and multipurpose spaces for the enjoyment of all citizens; and \"forest\", green spaces of wide extension generally located in areas bordering the city, such as the Sierra de Collserola and the mountain of Montjuïc."
],
[
"List of parks and gardens",
"=== A ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1930Acclimatization Garden of Barcelona0,86 haEstadio Avenue s/n (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, between the Olympic Stadium and the Bernat Picornell Pools.",
"It was created in 1930 by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, the year after the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition, on the site where the Italian and Swedish pavilions had been located.",
"Its objective was to create a special protection zone for the acclimatization of foreign species.",
"The main nucleus was made up of species from the five continents that were brought for the exhibition, which were later expanded until 1937, when the Civil War interrupted the work.",
"Later, in 1945, the architect Lluís Riudor and the botanist Joan Pañella resumed the planting work, which continued until the 1980s.",
"This garden houses about 230 species of plants, some of them unique or of scarce presence in the city.",
"Its area is divided into two levels, connected by stone stairs, and next to the flowerbeds are a series of pergolas with vines, connected by paths of sablon.250x250px1978''Parc de les Aigües''1,95 haAlfonso X Square (Horta-Guinardó)The origin of this park is found in the old gardens and nurseries of the residence of the president of the company ''Aigües de Barcelona'', designed in the late 19th century by the Swiss gardener Nicolas Chevalier.",
"The residence of the ''Aigüesv''executive —known as Can Móra—, in neo-Mudejar style, is currently the headquarters of the district of Horta-Guinardó.",
"The gardens were remodeled by Joaquim Casamor in 1978, who established a series of staggered areas to save the slope of the land, and laid out a central walkway populated with ''yuccas'' and palm trees, as well as a pine forest at the top, where a pool for irrigation is located, which protrudes from the ground in the style of the Catalan ''safareig'' (\"washhouse\").",
"In the upper part of the park is the Mercè Rodoreda Library, next to an esplanade where the sculpture ''El submarino enterrado'', by Josep Maria Riera i Aragó (1991) is located.",
"Among the vegetation, with 44 species of trees, stands out a ''tulipero de Virginia'' (''Liriodendron tulipifera''), declared of local interest.250x250px2018''Parc d'Antoni Santiburcio''1,2 haGran de Sant Andreu Street n.º 484 (Sant Andreu)Dedicated to the socialist politician Antoni Santiburcio Moreno, it was created on the former site of an artillery barracks.",
"After its demolition, it was planned to create a green space next to various facilities for the neighborhood and social housing.",
"The park was built in two phases: in the first, completed in 2018, various differentiated areas were delimited, such as an esplanade, a parterre of aromatic plants, a zone of trees, exercise areas and ornamental fountains, as well as a path that forms small squares and viewpoints.",
"The vegetation incorporates a variety of shrubby plant species, with an irrigation system that incorporates sustainable drainage techniques to take advantage of rainfall.",
"In 2020, in a second phase of the works, the children's play area was inaugurated, with a surface area of 6706 m².250x250px=== B ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1995''Jardins del Baix Guinardó''1,79 haMarina Street, 372 (Horta-Guinardó)It is located in the old central courtyard of the Gerona Barracks, a former military cavalry barracks whose building is now occupied by municipal offices in the district of Horta-Guinardó.",
"It was created in 1995 with a project by Jordi Farrando.",
"The landscaped area is structured around a large square pond, which is the center of the park.",
"Around it, there is a wide esplanade of sablon, and plant elements are combined with leisure areas (a children's area, a bar, a picnic area, ping-pong tables and a series of fitness equipment).",
"On a slope of the terrain there are terraces with shrub species.250x250px1996''Parc de la Barceloneta''3,21 haPasseig Marítimo de la Barceloneta, 15-21 (Ciutat Vella)It is located in the neighborhood of La Barceloneta.",
"It was inaugurated in 1996, with a design by Jordi Henrich and Olga Tarrasó.",
"On this site there was formerly a factory of the ''Catalana de Gas'' company, in operation until 1989, of which remain a water tower and the metal structure of a gasometer, designed by the engineer Claudi Gil Serra in 1868.The tower is a work of modernist design by Josep Domènech i Estapà, from 1905.The office building, built in 1907 by Domènech i Estapà, which now houses the ''Fábrica del Sol'', headquarters of the ''Barcelona Sostenible Resource Center'', dedicated to environmental education, is also preserved from the old factory.",
"The park area comprises several areas with grassy parterres and sablon spaces, punctuated by plant areas dominated by regular plantings of trees such as pines, tipuanas, palms, ''bellasombras'' and taray trees.",
"Next to the promenade, which overlooks the Barceloneta beach, there is a ''Monument to Simón Bolívar'', a work by Julio Maragall (1996).250x250px2004''Parc Fluvial del Besòs''115 haBesòs With a length of 9 km, this park runs along the course of the Besòs river from Montcada i Reixac —at the confluence with the Ripoll River—to the mouth of the river in Sant Adrià de Besòs, passing through the municipalities of Barcelona and Santa Coloma de Gramenet.",
"There are ten bridges along its route: Moncada, B-20, Vell de Santa Coloma, Can Peixauet, Molinet, Guipúzcoa, A-19, Cristòfor de Moura, Ferrocarril and Maristany.",
"The park is divided into three areas: a wetlands area, located in Moncada (first 3 km); another for public use (5 km), with 22 ha of lawns; and the river mouth (450 m), restricted to the public.",
"It is managed by the Diputació de Barcelona.",
"This area suffered from the 1960s a strong degradation due to industrial discharges into the river.",
"Since the 1980s it has undergone environmental recovery, until it became a green space dedicated today to leisure and sports, in addition to the preservation of its natural habitat.",
"The park is home to some two hundred species of birds, as well as other animals such as mice, weasels, turtles and frogs.250x250px1999''Jardí Botànic de Barcelona''14 haDoctor Font i Quer Street, s/n (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, and was created in 1999 with the aim of being the main botanical garden of the city, since the previous one —henceforth known as the Historical Botanical Garden— was of small dimensions.",
"The authors of the project were Carlos Ferrater, Artur Bossy, Joan Pedrola and Bet Figueras.",
"This garden was dedicated to Mediterranean climate species from all over the world, grouped in five phytogeographic zones: California, Chile, Australia and South Africa, in addition to the Mediterranean.",
"There are also some homoclimatic species from China and Japan.",
"In total, some 7,000 species are catalogued, grouped on triangular platforms arranged in terraces to overcome the unevenness of the terrain.",
"The garden also has nursery areas, as well as a botanical laboratory, an auditorium, a library and a bar-restaurant.",
"It also houses the Salvador Museum, which conserves 800,000 specimens of botanical species collected since the 17th century.250x250px1930''Jardí Botànic Històric de Barcelona''1,92 haMuntanyans Avenue (Sants-Montjuic)This is the original botanical garden, which was replaced in 1999 by the new Botanical Garden; however, it can still be visited, and has the advantage of having the tallest trees in Barcelona.",
"It was created in 1930 at the bottom of a quarry located behind the National Palace of Montjuic, with a great collection of exotic plants compiled by the botanist Pius Font i Quer.",
"Due to the conditioning works of the Montjuic site for the 1992 Olympics, in 1986 its grounds were affected by several earthworks, which affected the stability of its surface and forced it to be closed to the public.",
"It was reopened in 2003 after restoration work.",
"Among the species preserved are plants from Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Pyrenees, as well as a group of medicinal plants.",
"On its grounds is located a farmhouse built for the International Exposition of 1929.250x250px=== C ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1991''Jardins de Ca n'Altimira''0,43 haMandri Street, 71 (Sarriá-Sant Gervasio)The origin of these gardens is located in the homonymous estate, owned by Dr. Josep Altimira, at the time when Sant Gervasi de Cassoles was a village that had not yet been added to Barcelona.",
"On the death of the doctor, the estate became the property of the Missionaries of the Immaculate Conception, who converted the building into a school.",
"In the 1980s it became public property, and in 1991 it was opened to the public after a remodeling carried out by María Luisa Aguado.",
"After accessing the main entrance on Mandri Street, the garden is lush with vegetation, especially the imposing presence of Aleppo pines.",
"A stepped path descends to a lower level, where there is a sablon square with a fountain and, at the back, a hypostyle hall, formerly covered by trees and today by a basketball court.",
"This area originally had grottoes and navigable water galleries, which unfortunately have been lost.",
"Both levels are connected by two bridges, one of stone and the other of iron.",
"In the upper part of the garden there is a children's area.250x250px1917-1923''Viver de Can Borni''Camino de Can Borni, 51-59 (Horta-Guinardó)It is located on the Tibidabo mountain.",
"The author of the project was the landscape architect Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, director of Parks and Gardens of Barcelona, who conceived it as an acclimatization garden for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition.",
"The design of the garden shows the influence of Hispano-Arabic gardening, as in other contemporary projects of the architect as the Laribal Gardens, which he designed in collaboration with Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier.",
"Thus, the terrain is structured in various terraces through which runs a water channel that flows from an upper pool, from a mountain spring.",
"The vegetation consists mainly of Mediterranean species.",
"The garden has a nature interpretation center.",
"The nursery was restored in 2006.250x250px1989''Jardins de Can Castelló''0,37 haC/ Castelló, 1-7 (Sarriá-Sant Gervasio)It was opened to the public in 1989 after a restoration carried out by Antoni Falcón.",
"The name comes from the ''masia'' that was owned by Josep Castelló-Galvany i Quadras, now a home for the elderly.",
"It is a romantic style garden, with paths and flowerbeds of curved shapes, marked with inlaid pebbles.",
"The land is delimited by a high wall from the old estate, and access is through an entrance gate.",
"Inside the enclosure is the building of the old ''masia'', with the traditional Catalan ancestral architecture.",
"The vegetation is exuberant, with trees of great size due to their age, among which palm trees and horse chestnut trees stand out.250x250px1993''Parc de Can Dragó''11,86 haMeridiana Avenue (Nou Barris)It is considered a \"sports park\", since a large part of its land is used for sports facilities, such as a soccer field, a sports center, athletics tracks and indoor swimming pools, as well as a lake that serves as an outdoor swimming pool in summer, in addition to pétanque courts and children's playgrounds.",
"In an environment degraded by heavy traffic, the park was built on a site that had previously belonged to RENFE, with a project by Enric Pericas in 1993.The vegetation is wild, without excessive manipulation, in the naturalist style, composed of groves, bushes and grassy areas.",
"At the top of a small hill there is a sculpture with two chariots of horses led by Olympic charioteers, a replica of the work done by Pablo Gargallo for the Olympic Stadium of Montjuic.",
"Also in the park is the monument to the victims of the 1987 Hipercor bombing, entitled ''Tall Irregular Progression'', a work by Sol LeWitt (2003).250x250px2012''Parc de Can Rigal''2 haAlbert Bastardas Avenue / Carlos Ferrer Salat Street (Les Corts)The area of the park is shared by Barcelona and the Hospitalet de Llobregat: in 2012 the two-hectare area in Barcelona was inaugurated, while the six-hectare Hospitalet area is still pending development.",
"It is a park with a modern design, featuring large solar panels which, while producing energy, also serve as aesthetic elements of the complex, as they have an almost sculptural appearance.",
"The park has two distinct areas: an area of Mediterranean forest with pines and holm oaks, along with the nearby Sierra de Collserola; and a meadow with various geometrically shaped plantations populated with deciduous trees, where the children's playgrounds are also located.",
"A central pathway has several rest areas and geometric flowerbeds planted with shrubs and herbaceous species, and pergolas with photovoltaic panels provide shade for the walkway.",
"The complex includes a bar, a dog area and a circuit of fitness equipment for the elderly.250x250px1984''Parc de Can Sabaté''1,76 haMinería Street, 18 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located in the Zona Franca, and was created in 1984 with a project by Neus Solé, Imma Jansana and Daniel Navas.",
"The name comes from the Sabaté family, owners of a metallurgical industry on the site.",
"It is a park of elongated rectangular shape, with a single access from Mining Street, and surrounded by buildings on three sides.",
"Upon entering, one first encounters an irregularly shaped pond, located next to a civic center.",
"Next comes a long paved platform located at a higher level than the rest of the park, where there is a green marble pyramid 2.40 meters high, from which a stream of water flows through a channel about 50 meters long to a pool surrounded by a colonnade of eight truncated columns.",
"Behind this colonnade is a small wood, and on the sides of this central platform there are lawns, children's areas, benches and fountains.250x250px1779''Jardins de Can Sentmenat''1 haCan Caralleu Street, 16-18 (Sarriá-Sant Gervasio)On this land there was a 14th century ''masía'', Mas Teixidó.",
"In the 17th century it was acquired by the Marquises of Sentmenat, who in 1779 built the palace, in neo-Gothic style, around which the gardens are structured: in front of the front façade there are gardens in classic Frenchified style, with a circular pond surrounded by broderie flowerbeds, and a walkway lined with statues that refer to the heraldic coats of arms of several families related to the Sentmenat family.",
"At the back there were romantic style gardens with an artificial waterfall, nowadays diluted in the forest area that opens to the Sierra de Collserola.",
"In 1960 the Sentmenat family rented the palace to the French consul, until 1974, when they sold it to a real estate company.",
"However, the Barcelona City Council became interested in the preservation of this architectural and artistic heritage, and after reaching an agreement with the developer acquired the estate in 1992.In 1994 the council rented the palace to the Eina design school, and the following year the gardens were opened to the public after a restoration by Patrizia Falcone.250x250px1992''Parc de Carles I''5,5 haIcaria avenue, 90 (Sant Martí)This park is the result of the urban renewal carried out along the coastline for the 1992 Olympic Games, on land previously used for industrial purposes.",
"The Olympic Port, New Icaria, Cascades and Poblenou parks were also created.",
"The project was designed by Pep Zazurca and Juli Laviña.",
"It is dedicated to Emperor Charles I of Spain and V of Germany, of whom there are fond memories in Barcelona, since in a visit in 1519 he commented that he preferred \"to be Count of Barcelona rather than Emperor of the Germanies\".",
"The park is shaped like an orange wedge, and along its outer circle runs a water channel that is interrupted by the streets that cross it, in one of its points in the form of a waterfall due to the unevenness, and has several bridges to cross it.",
"There are also grass dunes that isolate the environment from the surrounding noise, lined with rows of plane trees and crowned by cypress trees.",
"Among these vegetal elements is the sculpture ''El culo'' ''(A Santiago Roldán)'' (1999), by Eduardo Úrculo, a bronze work 6.5 meters high.250x250px1989''Parc del Carmel''15,32 haCarretera del Carmelo (Horta-Guinardó)It is located around the Carmel mountain, which is part of the ''Parc dels Tres Turons'', right next to ''Parc Güell''.",
"It was formerly a rural area, with a few ''masías'' scattered throughout its territory, of which the Can Móra masía —nowadays a geriatrics— stands out.",
"On its grounds is the ''Santuari de la Mare de Déu del Mont Carmel'' (1860-1864), which gave its name to the mountain and the neighborhood.",
"Nearby is also the ''Ermita de la Mare de Déu de Fàtima'', built in 1952.There are also two schools (Virolai and CEIP ''Coves d'en Cimany'') and two soccer fields, the Carmelo Municipal Sports Complex.",
"The part of the park corresponding to the entrance on Carretera del Carmelo is called ''Jardins de Juan Ponce'', where there is a home for the elderly, a children's playground and a petanque court.",
"In the central part of the park there is also a work of public art, ''El orden de hoy es el desorden de mañana (Saint-Just)'' (1999), by Ian Hamilton Finlay.250x250px1992''Parc de les Cascades''1,38 haLitoral Avenue, 12-14 (Ciutat Vella)This park is the result of the urban renewal carried out along the coastline for the 1992 Olympic Games, on land previously used for industrial purposes.",
"The Olympic Port, New Icaria, Charles I and Poblenou parks were also created.",
"The project was the work of Martorell-Bohigas-Mackay-Puigdomènech.",
"It is located on the Ronda Litoral, which is underground in that section, and is the entrance hall to the Olympic Village.",
"It is divided into two sections separated by Ramon Trias Fargas street, in each of which there is as a distinctive element a large sculpture and avant-garde style: ''David i Goliat'', by Antoni Llena, and ''El Poder de la Palabra'', by Auke de Vries.",
"The latter is located over a pond that overflows at the lower level in the form of a waterfall, hence the name of the park.250x250px1978''Parc del Castell de l'Oreneta''17 haMontevideo Street, 45 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasio)The park is located in the foothills of the Sierra de Collserola, so it is mostly a forest park, with an abundance of pines, oaks and carob trees, as well as areas of undergrowth, mainly ''retama'' and strawberry tree.",
"In the past there was a castle in this enclave, the ''Castell de l'Oreneta'', which gives its name to the park, originally from 1910 and destroyed during the Civil War, of which some remains remain.",
"On the land there was also a ''masía'', Can Bonavista.",
"Both ''masías'' were acquired by the Red Cross, which planned to build a hospital, but the project was not carried out and the land was bought by the City Council.",
"The park was inaugurated in 1978, and in 1993 it was restored by Patrizia Falcone.",
"Ascending along the paths there are several terraces and viewpoints, until reaching the upper area, where there are children's playgrounds, a pony track and a miniature train circuit —inaugurated in 1981— that runs around the Oreneta Station, with a 636-meter route that crosses three tunnels, two bridges and a metal viaduct.250x250px1997-2007''Parc Central de Nou Barris''17,7 haMajor de Nou Barris, 1 Square (Between ''Passeig Verdum'' and ''Plaça'' ''de Karl Marx'') (Nou Barris)This is the urbanization of an area that was previously quite degraded, with steep slopes that made it difficult for residents to walk.",
"The project was designed by architects Carme Fiol and Andreu Arriola, and was carried out in three phases: 1997-1999, 2000-2003 and 2007.The authors were inspired by Picasso's painting ''Horta de Sant Joan'', in the cubist style, so they fragmented the space into interconnected sections.",
"The park as a whole features ornamental elements in the form of a tuning fork that act as light panels, as well as the presence of water through three lakes with fountains.",
"The lower part of the park was formerly the site of the ''Manicomio de la Santa Creu'', which was reused for municipal facilities, such as the headquarters of the Nou Barris district, a public library and a police station for the Guàrdia Urbana.",
"A technology park, the ''Fòrum Nord de la Tecnologia'', was also built nearby.",
"In the upper lake, a section of the old Dosrius aqueduct was preserved in the form of a bridge.",
"The park was awarded the 2007 International Urban Landscape Award in Frankfurt (Germany).250x250px2008''Parc del Centre del Poblenou''5,56 haAvinguda Diagonal, 116-130 (Sant Martí)It was created in 2008 with a project of the French architect Jean Nouvel, author also of the skyscraper Torre Agbar, very close to this park.",
"It is divided into several thematic spaces, avant-garde design: first is a pneumatic waste collection plant, whose roof forms an artificial mountain covered with sand and rocks, the ''Rampa de Rocas'', which simulates a lunar landscape.",
"Next come the ''Bóvedas'', four vaults of banana trees of different heights.",
"From here opens a plain containing various elements, such as the ''Cabañas bajo la lluvia'', formed by metal structures covered with climbing plants; the ''Plaça'' ''de la Sardana'', a circular square surrounded by weeping willows, designed to practice the popular Catalan dance of the sardana; the ''Ramos'', a series of vertical elements in the form of sculptural planters; the ''Isla bajo la cúpula'', a space surrounded by a water channel that houses a metal dome surrounded by laurels; and the ''Chimenea'', a vestige of an old factory that recalls the industrial past of the area.",
"In another area is the ''Pozo del Mundo'', a crater formed by several spirals of earth, and a field of false pepper trees with a series of metal structures that represent a perfect integration of the sculpture in the natural environment, entitled ''Los Nidos and Pozos del Cielo'' (The Nests and Wells of Heaven).250x250px1965''Parc de Cervantes''9,15 haAvinguda Diagonal, 708-716 (Les Corts)It is a theme park dedicated to roses, with a collection of some 11,000 rose bushes of some 245 different varieties.",
"Designed by Lluís Riudor, it was inaugurated in 1965.Due to the Mediterranean climate of Barcelona, these rose bushes are in bloom practically from April to November, although between May and June they reach their flowering zenith, which gives this park a singular beauty.",
"Every year a competition of new roses is held in this park, which are baptized with different names by their creators.",
"In addition to the rose bushes, the park has several grassy areas and small groves, as well as a children's play area, ping-pong tables and a picnic area.",
"There are also several pergolas that provide shade, as well as several sculptures: ''Serenidad'', by Eulàlia Fàbregas de Sentmenat (1964); ''Adán'', by Jacinto Bustos Vasallo (1968); and ''Rombos gemelos'', by Andreu Alfaro (1977).250x250px1872''Parc de la Ciutadella''17,42 ha (31 with the zoo)Passeig Picasso, 1 (Ciutat Vella)It was established in 1872 on the former grounds of the city fortress, in the image and likeness of the ''Jardin du Luxembourg'' in Paris.",
"The project was designed by José Fontseré, who together with the green area designed a central square and a ring road, as well as a monumental fountain and various ornamental elements, two lakes and a wooded area, in addition to various auxiliary buildings and infrastructures.",
"Fontserè had the collaboration of the young Antoni Gaudí, who was involved in the Monumental Waterfall project, where he carried out the hydraulic project and designed an artificial grotto under the waterfall.",
"The monument stands out for its profusion of sculptures, in which several of the best sculptors of the time took part, such as Rossend Nobas, Venancio Vallmitjana, Francisco Pagés Serratosa, Josep Gamot, Manuel Fuxá, Rafael Atché and Joan Flotats.",
"The park was the epicenter of the Universal Exhibition of 1888, which left several buildings that are still preserved: the restaurant, known as ''Castell dels Tres Dragons'' and current Zoology Museum, designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner; the Hibernaculum, designed by Josep Amargós, made of iron and glass following the example of the Crystal Palace of the London Exhibition of 1851; the Martorell Museum of Geology, by Antoni Rovira i Trias; and the Umbráculo, by Josep Fontserè.",
"Within its enclosure is located the Barcelona Zoo, as well as several buildings that survive from the old fortress: the chapel, the governor's palace and the arsenal, current seat of the Parliament of Catalonia.",
"In the old parade ground there is an oval pond with the famous sculpture ''Desconsol'', the work of Josep Llimona.",
"One of the centers of the park is the lake, with several islets and a great profusion of exotic plants and aquatic animals; people can navigate in it with rowboats.",
"Next to the waterfall is the Romantic Garden, with a great variety of plant species.250x250px1994''Jardins de Clara Campoamor''0,54 haAvinguda Diagonal, 609-615 (Les Corts)Located at 609-615 Avinguda Diagonal, in the district of Les Corts, it was inaugurated on December 3, 1994.It is dedicated to the memory of Clara Campoamor, promoter of the recognition of women's suffrage in Spain during the Second Republic.",
"The space is bounded by the streets of Gandesa, Europa, Joan Güell and Avinguda Diagonal, and is very close to the Maria Cristina metro station and the ''Trambaix''.",
"It is located in an area with a lot of dynamism and affluence due to its commercial, business, health, tourist and university character.",
"Very close to the intersection of two of the busiest roads, Avinguda Diagonal and Ronda del Mig, and close to one of the main entrances to the city, by car, through Avinguda Diagonal.",
"The space houses the sculpture ''Citerea'', a children's play area, ornamental water fountains, a central grass parterre, sandy areas and hard paving on the sides, with specimens of ''almeces'' and Canary Island palm trees.",
"At the entrance of the gardens, inside the ornamental water fountains, is located the iconic sculpture ''Citerea'', work of the artist María Luisa Sierra Catalán, inaugurated on July 26, 1993, made of painted steel, inspired by the painting Embarkation for Cythera by the French painter Jean-Antoine Watteau.",
"The work won the public competition promoted by the Barcelona City Council to beautify public spaces in 1990, as part of the urban planning campaign ''Barcelona posa't guapa''.250x250px1986''Parc del Clot''4,03 haEscultors Claperós street, 36 (Sant Martí)It is a example of a park of architectural design and avant-garde conception, which combines urban aesthetics with a green space available to the general public.",
"The park was designed in 1986 by Daniel Freixes and Vicente Miranda.",
"It is located on the site of an old RENFE workshop, some of whose walls were used as ornamental elements, as can be seen in the arcade converted into a 25 m long aqueduct, which through a waterfall supplies water to the lake located on one side of the park.",
"Nearby is a sort of loggia also made up of walls of the old building, with a series of masonry arches with metal columns; inside is the sculpture ''Rites of Spring'', by the American sculptor Bryan Hunt (1986), a 4 m high bronze piece representing a waterfall.250x250px''Parc de Collserola''1795 haSierra de CollserolaThe Sierra de Collserola is the largest forest area of Barcelona, the main lung of the city and a center of leisure and sports.",
"It belongs to the ''Serralada Litoral Catalana'', and has its highest point in the mountain of Tibidabo (512 m).",
"It extends along the entire western fringe of the city, making it one of the natural borders of the city, next to the sea and the Besòs and Llobregat rivers.",
"Since 1976 it has been declared a metropolitan park of special protection, and some of its areas are natural reserves of flora and fauna.",
"It is an essentially wooded area, with a predominance of pines, holm oaks and oaks, as well as areas of maquis and kermes oaks.",
"Among the animal species that populate the area are wild boars, as well as some 130 species of birds, mammals, fish and reptiles.",
"Its surface is rich in natural springs (about 200), which for centuries have supplied water to the city.",
"In its space are located some buildings, such as the Tibidabo Amusement Park, the Expiatory Temple of the Sacred Heart, the Collserola Tower, the Fabra Observatory, the Hotel Florida, the pavilion of ''Ràdio Barcelona'', the ''Torre de les Aigües de Dos Rius'' and some hermitages and ''masías''.",
"There are nature trails in the park, and guided tours and nature observation workshops are organized.250x250px1987''Parc de la Creueta del Coll''1,68 haPº Mare de Déu del Coll, 77 (Gràcia)It is located on a hill that is part of the foothills of Tibidabo (Sierra de Collserola).",
"It was transformed into a public park thanks to a project by Martorell-Bohigas-Mackay, and was inaugurated in 1987.The main part of the park contains a large square of 6,000 m², with a pond that serves as a public swimming pool in summer.",
"The vegetation consists of palm trees (date palms and washingtonias), cypresses, plane trees, oaks, Judas trees, various species of flowers and a lawn.",
"The park is also notable for the placement of two magnificent sculptures: a monolith entitled ''Totem'' (1987), by Ellsworth Kelly, at the entrance to the park; and ''Elogi de l'aigua'' (1987), by Eduardo Chillida, a 54-ton concrete block suspended over the back of the lake with four steel cables hanging from the mountain, which is reflected in the water as in the myth of Narcissus, according to the author's intention.250x250px=== D ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto2007''Jardí dels Drets Humans''1,25 haFoneria Street, 19 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located in the Zona Franca, inside a rectangular block, where formerly there was a lamp factory of the Philips brand.",
"This space was intended as a recreation area for the factory workers, and as such was designed in 1960 by the Dutch landscape designer Van der Harst, wife of the factory director.",
"In 2007 it was opened to the public after a rehabilitation carried out by the municipal architect Jaume Graells.",
"The name comes from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, approved by the United Nations Organization on December 10, 1948.The most distinctive elements of the park are a small lake with a small island with palm trees in the center and a skating rink.",
"Also, along the entire perimeter of the park there is a set of 31 steel plafonds that contain each of the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as another one that includes the poem ''Como la Cigarra'', by the Argentine María Elena Walsh, dedicated to the disappeared of the military dictatorships of Chile and Argentina.250x250px2002''Parc Diagonal Mar''14,3 haLlull street, 362 (Sant Martí)It is so named because it is located at the confluence of Avinguda Diagonal with the Mediterranean Sea.",
"It is the work of architects Enric Miralles and Benedetta Tagliabue, and was built between 1999 and 2002.The land occupied by the park formerly belonged to the metallurgical and railway construction company MACOSA.",
"It is a park of modern design, in which various metallic structures similar to tubular filigree of whimsical shapes stand out, which, like sculptural pieces, mark out the entire area, and which at certain points support large planters made of colored ceramics, the work of the ceramist Antoni Cumella Vendrell.",
"The park is divided into three areas, two smaller ones next to the coastal area, both with a small pond, and another larger one with a larger lake, populated by ducks, geese and waterfowl.",
"A wooden bridge connects the two shores of the lake.",
"There are several grassy hills, one of which, called ''Magic Mountain'', has slides for children to go down.",
"The banks are shaped like sea waves, and are called ''lungomare'', an Italian word meaning \"to walk by the sea\".",
"The vegetation is composed of 51 different species of trees, including a 150-year-old Canary Island dragon tree.250x250px2019''Jardins del Doctor Pla i Armengol''3,6 haVirgen de Montserrat Avenue 114-132 (Horta-Guinardó)They are located on a former privately owned estate that housed the Ravetllat-Pla Institute, a tuberculosis research center founded in 1919 by Dr. Ramon Pla i Armengol and veterinarian Joaquim Ravetllat i Estech.",
"The house and gardens of the estate, in noucentist style, were designed in 1930 by the architect Adolfo Florensa and included a group of sculptures scattered throughout the gardens, pools and pergolas.",
"The gardens were opened to the public in 2019, with the house converted into the Núria Pla Museum, consisting of 800 pieces of furniture, painting, sculpture and goldsmithing.",
"After the rehabilitation of the complex, a children's area, an amphitheater, a gazebo, a Parks and Gardens Work Center, urban vegetable gardens, ponds with natural substrates and various pieces of street furniture were also included.",
"Among the sculptures, the ''Venus de Fréjus'' Fountain, also designed by Florensa, stands out, as well as the ''Monument to Ramon Pla i Armengol''.250x250px=== E ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1990''Jardí d'Escultures''0,33 haNeptuno Square (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, annexed to the Miró Foundation.",
"It was built in 1990 with an architectural project by Jaume Freixa and Jordi Farrando, and in 2002 it was rebuilt by Marina Salvador.",
"It arose as an initiative to place a sculpture garden in the space annexed to the Miró Foundation, formerly known as ''Plaza del Sol'', where the sculpture ''Manelic'' by Josep Montserrat, in homage to the writer Àngel Guimerà, had been located since 1909.The project was launched by Rosa Maria Marlet, director of the Miró Foundation, who chose the participants from a group of young artists who had already exhibited at the Foundation's ''Espai 10''.",
"The sculptures initially placed were eight: ''Aguja'', by Tom Carr; ''Transparente, el paisaje'', by Pep Duran; ''Ctonos'', by Gabriel Sáenz Romero; ''Tejado'', by Perejaume; ''Gran avión de hélice azul'', by Josep Maria Riera i Aragó; ''Dell'Arte'', by Jaume Plensa; ''Gran huso'', by Enric Pladevall; and ''Vuelo 169'', by Emma Verlinden, which was removed in 2002 due to its irreversible deterioration.",
"In the 2002 restoration, three more sculptures were added: ''Génesis'', by Ernest Altès; ''La clase de música'', by Cado Manrique; and ''DT'', by Sergi Aguilar.250x250px1985''Parc de l'Espanya Industrial''4,60 haMuntadas Street, 37 (Sants-Montjuic)It was built in 1985 by architects Luis Peña Ganchegui, Antón Pagola and Monserrat Ruiz, on land vacated by ''La España Industrial'' (also known as ''Vapor Nou de Sants''), a former textile factory founded in 1847 and moved to Mollet del Vallès in 1972.The year of its construction it received the FAD Architecture and Interior Design Award.",
"The park is inspired by the four primordial elements: water, earth, fire and air.",
"Along the ''Passeig de San Antonio'', the park is bordered by tall lighting towers, from which steps lead to an artificial lake, which can be crossed by boat.",
"The office building of the old factory, the ''Casa del Mig'', has been preserved and is now a youth center.",
"The park also has a sports center, ping-pong tables and a children's playground, as well as several sculptures: ''El Dragón'', by Andrés Nagel (1987); ''Neptuno'', by Manuel Fuxá (1881); ''Venus moderna'', by José Pérez Pérez \"Peresejo\" (1929); ''Torso de mujer'', by Enric Casanovas (1947); ''Los bueyes de la abundancia'', by Antoni Alsina (1926); ''Landa V'', by Pablo Palazuelo (1985); and ''Alto Rhapsody'', by Anthony Caro (1985).250x250px1988''Parc de l'Estació del Nord''3,58 haAlmogávares Street, 27-61 (Eixample)It is located on the grounds adjacent to the bus station of the same name, and was created in 1988 with a project by Andreu Arriola, Carme Fiol and Enric Pericas.",
"In 1999 it was expanded by Patrizia Falcone.",
"The park is structured on two levels: accessing from Lepanto Street there is a lower level where there is an area for dogs and a children's play area, as well as the ''Monument to Juan Pablo Duarte'', a work by Félix Tejada; after passing under a bridge that crosses Marina Street and climbing a slight slope, one reaches a higher area, which is the main part of the park, located in front of the station building.",
"Two sculptures integrated with nature stand out here, in the land-art style: ''Cielo caído'' and ''Espiral arbolada'', by Beverly Pepper.",
"The first looks like a giant wave emerging from the park's vegetation, made in blue ceramic with the Gaudí technique of ''trencadís''; the second is in the shape of a stone tree trunk, surrounded by linden trees.",
"The same artist designed the park's lighting elements, iron monoliths four meters high; and also the benches, made of artificial stone, which look like chess pieces.",
"The rest of the park alternates grassy areas with wooded spaces, in which acacias and cypresses stand out.250x250px=== F ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1926''Parc de la Font del Racó''1,29 haLluís Muntadas Street, 1 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasio)It is a forest park, located at the foot of Tibidabo.",
"It was created in 1926 by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí.",
"At the top of the park is the funicular up to the Tibidabo Amusement Park.",
"The terrain is on a steep slope, which forms a shady hollow at the bottom.",
"The area is traversed by winding paths that bridge the slope, sometimes with the help of wooden stairs and railings, in a rustic style that fits in with the surrounding nature.",
"The forest is in certain areas quite closed, with leafy trees among which stand out the oaks, the pines and the ''almeces''.",
"In the lower part there is a fountain, which gives the park its name, and nearby there is a plaque in memory of the artist Apel-les Mestres, the work of Francesc Socías i March, placed in 1938.250x250px1995''Parc de la Font Florida''2,29 haMinería Street, 50 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located next to the mountain of Montjuic, near the Zona Franca.",
"It was created in 1995 with a project by Carles Casamor, Ramon Marquès and Carles Fuentes.",
"The park has two distinct areas: a large tree-lined square, with benches, fountains, children's areas, petanque courts and a pool that brings freshness to the environment, surrounded by ombu trees; and a green area along the slope of a high hill, where a poplar plantation stands out, while at its base the lavender forms a blanket of blue in summer, which contrasts with the yellow of the ''tipuanas''.",
"The first zone is more urban, with trees lined up and spaces for people to enjoy, while the second is wilder, imitating the gardening style initiated on Montjuic mountain by Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier for the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition.250x250px2004''Parc del Fòrum''14 haPlaça del Fórum, 1 (Sant Martí)It is located on the border between Barcelona and Sant Adrià de Besòs, on the site where the Universal Forum of Cultures 2004 was held.",
"The main space is a large esplanade, the Forum Square, designed by Elías Torres and José Antonio Martínez Lapeña, presided over by a large photovoltaic panel, one of the most emblematic elements of the site.",
"The complex includes the 5.2-hectare ''Auditorium Park'', designed by Alejandro Zaera, named after two auditoriums with open-air bleachers designed for concerts and shows; the space between the two is formed by a series of dunes that combine green spaces with pink-toned, crescent-shaped concrete tile pavements.",
"Next to the park is the 2-hectare bathing area, designed by Beth Galí and Jaume Benavent, a sand-free beach with access by steps and ramps to the seashore, enclosed by posts to form a safe environment, like a swimming pool.",
"This area is protected from the waves by a reef, which in turn forms an artificial island called ''Pangea''.250x250px1916''Jardí de la Fundació Julio Muñoz Ramonet''3594 m²Muntaner Street, 282 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)Located on the Can Fabra estate, it was owned by Fernando Fabra y Puig, who in 1916 commissioned the French landscape designer Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier to design the garden.",
"In 1917 the main house was built by Enric Sagnier.",
"In 1945 the estate was acquired by the businessman Julio Muñoz Ramonet, who commissioned a remodeling of the garden to the landscape designer Joan Mirambell i Ferran, who worked on the project between 1956 and 1957.The garden has two levels: the \"lower garden\", presided over by a pond with the sculpture ''Seated Woman'', a work by Josep Dunyach from 1919; and the \"upper garden\", where there is another pond, populated by water lilies and flanked by two parallel pergolas with six sculptures by Josep Dunyach and Vicente Navarro.",
"In front of the house there are two other sculptures by Josep Cañas.250x250px=== G ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto2004''Parc lineal de Garcia Fària''5,2 haPasseig de Farcia Fària (Sant Martí)This park was created in 2004 in the context of the remodeling of the Diagonal Mar area for the celebration of the Universal Forum of Cultures, with a project by Pere Joan Ravetllat and Carme Ribas.",
"The name comes from Pere Garcia Fària (Barcelona, 1858-1927), civil engineer and architect, who was director of the Sanitation Service of the Barcelona City Council.",
"It is a promenade more than one kilometer long —hence the name ''linear'' park— which is located on the parking lot next to the Ronda del Litoral, between the streets Bilbao and Josep Pla, and links the Poblenou and Diagonal Mar parks.",
"The main part of its route is a hard-paved track, ideal for running on bicycles or roller skates, lined with green areas and children's playgrounds.",
"The vegetation is confined to trapezoidal-shaped flowerbeds, some with a double slope, with grass on one side and white oleander on the other, and several beds of grasses, such as ''Cenchrus setaceus'', ''Hyparrhenia sp''., ''Festuca sp''., ''Pennisetum villosum'' and ''Nassella tenuissima''.250x250px1992''Parc de les Glòries''2,12 ha''Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes'' (Sant Martí)It is located in the ''Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes'', at the confluence of ''Avinguda Diagonal'', ''Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes'' and ''Avinguda Meridiana''.",
"There was a former park here between 1990 and 1992, designed by architects Andreu Arriola, Bet Figueras and Artur Juanmartí.",
"After some remodeling works of the square to reduce traffic to underground levels, a new park of 20 400 m² was inaugurated in 2019, dominated by the Gran Clariana, a large grassy esplanade of 1.1 hectares located where the old road junction.",
"Adjacent to this central space are various plant areas, a play area for children's games, an area for dogs and a sports area, as well as a gardeners' hut, a nursery with various species of trees and two kiosk-bars.",
"A second phase of the park is still being planned, which will include more green areas, children's areas, sports areas and areas for dogs, as well as urban vegetable gardens, petanque courts, an exotic garden, a \"water mirror\" and an area for shows called the \"sensory agora\".",
"This second phase can be executed when the construction of the road tunnels for the undergrounding of traffic, scheduled for early 2021, is completed.250x250px2002-2007''Parc lineal de la Gran Via''25 ha''Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes'' (Sant Martí)It is located in a section of the Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes between ''Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes'' and Sant Adriàn de Besós.",
"It was designed by Andreu Arriola and Carme Fiol.",
"This is a highway with heavy traffic, so the first intervention consisted of installing a series of acoustic screens to dampen noise.",
"The pedestrian area is divided in two by the road, so numerous bridges and footbridges were built to connect the two sides of the Gran Via.",
"The resulting public space was furnished with various elements, such as an elevated water channel with waterfalls falling into various ponds, or a series of benches with different designs: snail, swallow, star, spiral or boomerang.250x250px1900-1914''Parc Güell''17,18 haOlot street, 1-13 (Gràcia)The work of the modernist architect Antoni Gaudí, it was commissioned by his patron, Count Eusebi Güell, to build a residential development in the style of English garden cities.",
"It is located in the so-called Montaña Pelada, in the neighborhood of La Salut.",
"The project was unsuccessful, as only one of the 60 plots into which the land was divided was sold.",
"Despite this, the accesses to the park and the service areas were built, and the land was developed.",
"It was a steep site, with steep slopes that Gaudí overcame with a system of viaducts integrated into the terrain.",
"The park has a monumental entrance, with two entrance pavilions for the porter's lodge and administration, surrounded by a wall of masonry and polychrome glazed ceramics; past the pavilions is a staircase leading to the upper levels, decorated with sculpted fountains featuring a dragon or salamander; This staircase leads to the Hypostyle Hall, which would have served as the market of the urbanization, made with large Doric columns; above this room is a large square in the form of a Greek theater, with the famous sliding bench covered with ceramic pieces (''trencadís''), the work of Josep Maria Jujol.",
"The show house in the park, designed by Francisco Berenguer, was Gaudí's residence from 1906 to 1926, and now houses the Gaudí House-Museum.",
"In the 1960s, the Austrian Garden, designed by Lluís Riudor, was added.",
"In 1984 Unesco included ''Parc Güell'' as a World Heritage Site.250x250px1918''Parc del Guinardó''15,90 haGarriga i Roca street, 1-13 (Horta-Guinardó)The park is located on the Guinardó hill, where there was formerly a rustic estate, Mas Guinardó, which housed Miguel de Cervantes when he visited Barcelona; it is also said to have been the home of the bandit Perot Rocaguinarda.",
"In 1910 it became municipal property, and the French landscape architect Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier, who was assisted by Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí, was commissioned to landscape the area, and the park was inaugurated in 1918.The intervention focused mainly on the eastern part of the hill, while the rest was left as a forest area.",
"Forestier's project was of a Mediterranean and classicist character, where water had a special role, which from a pool located on the highest point of the eastern slope of the hill poured down through a series of canals and terraces with small waterfalls and pools.",
"In this area there is also the ''Fuente del Cuento'' (Story Fountain), dating from 1739, and a sculpture called ''El niño del aro'' (1961), by Joaquim Ros i Bofarull.",
"The forest area is populated with typical Mediterranean species such as pines, cedars and oaks, as well as undergrowth areas.",
"In 1977 the park was remodeled by Joaquim Casamor, urbanizing the lower terraces with children's areas and a stage for open-air shows.250x250px1971''Parc de la Guineueta''3,01 ha''Plaça de la República'' (Nou Barris)It was created in 1971 by Joaquim Casamor, director of Parks and Gardens of Barcelona.",
"The park of the same name as its neighborhood takes its name from an old ''masía'' called Can Guineueta (''guineu'' is Catalan for \"fox\", and the suffix ''eta'' is a diminutive).",
"It extends in a linear fashion between the blocks of buildings of the La Guineueta and Verdum neighborhoods, on land that was once a ravine.",
"In the upper part, facing the Ronda de Dalt, there is a soccer field and several sports facilities, while in the lower part is the most landscaped part of the park, where next to a lake is the main monument of the park, the sculpture ''Guineu'', by Julià Riu i Serra, in honor of the neighborhood.",
"Also in its enclosure is the ''Monumento a Blas Infante'', composed of a frieze with eight truncated columns representing the eight Andalusian provinces, the work of Josep Lluís Delgado, paid for by the Andalusian Center of Barcelona in 1982, to which was added a bust of the Andalusian politician in 1995, the work of Xavier Cuenca Iturat.",
"The lower and upper parts are connected by two parallel paths that fork at the top of the park, between which is a landscaped grove.",
"On the right side there are several squares that serve as recreational and meeting spaces; one of them bears the name of ''Jardins de San Juan de Puerto Rico'', which was the initial name of the park.250x250px=== J ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1967''Jardins de Jaume Vicens i Vives''1,37 haAvinguda Diagonal, 639 (Les Corts)The gardens are located on Avinguda Diagonal, inside a block in which they are surrounded by buildings on three of its four sides.",
"It is the real estate complex called Barcelona-2, built in 1966.The gardens were commissioned to Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, who designed a set of grass parterres with some scattered trees.",
"These flowerbeds are at a higher level than the paths that cross the park, and in their interior he arranged several quadrangular-shaped squares with benches to sit on, which are like islands in the surrounding green sea.",
"The developer, Manuel de la Quintana, commissioned the sculptor Frederic Marès to place a set of decorative sculptures scattered throughout the garden area, all of them with figures of animals.",
"A group of 24 free-standing sculptures was installed, 12 in bronze, 9 in stone and 3 in marble, plus two reliefs, one in stone and the other in marble.",
"Among the animals represented, most of them linked to the theme of hunting, there are deer, bears, wild boars, roe deer, gazelles, fallow deer and goats, some of them currently mutilated due to acts of vandalism.250x250px2003''Jardins de Joan Brossa''5,3 haDante Square/ Miramar Avenue (Sants-Montjuic)They are located on the mountain of Montjuic, on the land formerly occupied by the Montjuic Amusement Park (1966-1998), which for years combined fairground attractions with various shows and musical concerts and made this area of Montjuic one of the main leisure areas of Barcelona.",
"With the end of the municipal concession of the land in 1998, the area was turned into a public park, with a project designed by Patrizia Falcone, which was inaugurated in 2003.The gardens are dedicated to the Catalan poet Joan Brossa, in line with other gardens in the Montjuic area dedicated to poets.",
"From the former amusement park, several facilities remain, such as the Damm kiosk and the Parasol, former bar-restaurant designed by Lluís Riudor and Antoni M. Riera Clavillé in 1965, as well as several sculptures that adorned the old leisure area: in 1966, with the inauguration of the park, were placed ''A Carmen Amaya'', by Josep Cañas, and ''A Joaquim Blume'', by Nicolau Ortiz; in 1972 were inaugurated ''El Payaso'' (''Charlie Rivel''), by Joaquim Ros i Sabaté, and ''Charlot'', by Núria Tortras.250x250px1970''Jardins de Joan Maragall''3,63 haEstadio Avenue, s/n (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, between the Olympic Stadium and the National Palace.",
"It is located around the Albéniz Palace, residence of the Spanish Royal Family during their visits to Barcelona.",
"The origin of the garden comes from the International Exhibition of Barcelona (1929), when the Royal Pavilion was built by Juan Moya, in baroque style inspired by the French palace architecture of the 18th century.",
"Next to it was the Palace of the Missions, which was demolished for the expansion of the gardens in the 1970s, a project by Joaquim Maria Casamor, who designed a set of French style, with abundant sculptural decoration.",
"The garden was dedicated to the Catalan poet Joan Maragall, in line with other gardens in the Montjuic area dedicated to poets.",
"The gardens are organized in three zones: one in front of the main facade of the palace, with two ponds at each end and a central area of flowerbeds, highlighting at the opposite end of the palace a pavilion with the sculpture ''Susanna in the bath'', by Théophile-Eugène-Victor Barrau; another on the sides of the palace, which corresponds to the old gardens of 1929, where two fountains with tritons and two sculptures entitled ''Reclining Woman'', by Enric Monjo stand out; and the northern area, facing the National Palace (home of the MNAC), where a peristyle courtyard with an Ionic colonnade, with the sculpture ''Serena'', by Pilar Francesch, stands out, and where the hermitage ''Santa Madrona'' is located.250x250px1983''Parc de Joan Miró''4,71 haTarragona Street, 74 (Eixample)It was formerly known as ''Parque del Matadero'', because it was the site of the old Municipal Slaughterhouse.",
"The project was the work of architects Antoni Solanas, Màrius Quintana, Beth Galí and Andreu Arriola, and was named in recognition of the surrealist painter Joan Miró.",
"The park has two distinct areas: a large square at street level, where there is a pond with the sculpture ''Dona i Ocell'' by Joan Miró; and the park itself, located at a lower level, with shaded paths of pergolas with climbing plants, and a grove populated mainly by pines, poplars, palms and oaks, planted symmetrically.",
"Next to Vilamarí Street there is a pond in the center of which is the Joan Miró Library, which has a curious door formed by two steel hinges in the shape of children walking, which bears the name of ''Escolares'' and was designed by the architects who designed the park.250x250px2009''Parc de Joan Reventós''2 haRàfols Street, 10 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)The park is located on the site of an old torrent, the ''Riera de les Monges'', which came down from the Sierra de Collserola.",
"Therefore, its initial name was Torrent de les Monges Park, although it was later changed in honor of the politician Joan Reventós.",
"It was created in 2008 with a project of Bagursa (''Barcelona Gestió Urbanística''), and inaugurated in 2009.Before its remodeling it was an abandoned forest area, which was recovered as a green area for the neighborhood.",
"Some of the previously existing architectural elements were maintained, such as a bridge that crosses the torrent, as well as most of the native vegetation, mainly pine trees.",
"A rainwater drainage system was installed to channel water from the old torrent.",
"The path along the torrent is a paved roadway that rises above the terrain and runs around the perimeter of the park.",
"In the upper part of the park —the widest—, there is a large esplanade dedicated to children's games.250x250px1994''Parc de Josep Maria Serra Martí''4,26 haAntonio Machado Street (Nou Barris)This park is dedicated to Josep Maria Serra Martí, deputy mayor of Urban Planning and Municipal Services of Barcelona and one of the promoters of the 1992 Olympic Games.",
"It was created in 1994 by Cinto Hom and Carles Casamor.",
"It is a neighborhood area, where one day a week an open-air market is organized.",
"As it is located on a sloping terrain, it is structured in platforms separated by green slopes, with a multipurpose esplanade in the center.",
"The focal point of the park is the Magic Fountain Manuel de Falla, the work of Pedro Barragan, consisting of a pond that houses a metal platform from which water cascades, and two large rocks next to some water jets, also has light and sound games, hence the name \"magic fountain\".",
"There is also a sculpture of a flamenco \"''bailaora''\" (flamenco dancer) entitled ''Alegrías'', a work by Ignasi Farreras.250x250px=== L ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1794-1808''Parc del Laberint d'Horta''9,10 haPasseig de los CastYears 1-17 (Horta-Guinardó)It is the oldest preserved garden in Barcelona.",
"It is a neoclassical garden created on the initiative of Joan Antoni Desvalls, sixth Marquis of Llupià, and built by the Italian architect Domenico Bagutti and the French gardener Joseph Delvalet between 1794 and 1808.The garden extends over three stepped terraces: on the lower one is the vegetal labyrinth that gives name to the park, formed by 750 meters of trimmed cypresses, with an area of 45 x 50 meters; on the intermediate terrace, which rises above the labyrinth, is the ''Mirador'' or ''Belvedere'', where two Italian-style temples with statues of Danae and Artemis and Tuscan columns, and two fountains decorated with reliefs and four busts stand out; on the third terrace rises the Pavilion of Charles IV, in neoclassical style and Italianate air —slightly reminiscent of the Villa Capra of Palladio—, crowned by a sculpture depicting Apollo and the muses.",
"Behind the pavilion is a large pond fed by the fountain of the nymph Egeria, inspired by Stowe's grotto.",
"In the 19th century, a romantic garden was added.",
"It was restored by Joaquim Casamor in 1971, and by Patrizia Falcone in 1994.250x250px1917-1924''Jardins de Laribal''3,16 haPº Santa Madrona, 2 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, and was built between 1917 and 1924, on the occasion of the International Exhibition of Barcelona in 1929.These gardens were the work of Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier and Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, who created an ensemble with a markedly Mediterranean character and classicist taste, with a style inspired by the Hispano-Arabic style that Forestier had developed in the Maria Luisa Park in Seville.",
"The gardens are structured through a series of terraces with pergolas, small squares and fountains, leading to the Greek Theater, an open-air theater inspired by the ancient Greek theaters, designed by Ramon Reventós.",
"The gardens are home to several unique spaces, such as the stairs of the Generalife, which connect the Laribal Gardens with those of the Greek Theater, designed by Forestier with inspiration from the Generalife; the ''Font del Gat'', a famous fountain next to which the former owner, Josep Laribal, built a neo-Arabic style villa, which is now a restaurant; and the ''Colla de l'Arròs'' rose garden, an oval courtyard surrounded by cypress trees, under a pergola with terracotta pillars and a gazebo with a fountain in the center and different varieties of rose bushes.",
"There are also several sculptures: ''Estival'', by Jaume Otero (1929); ''Joven de la trenza'', by Josep Viladomat (1928); and ''Reposo'' (1925), by Josep Viladomat on an original by Manolo Hugué.",
"The ''Museu Etnològic i de Cultures del Món'' is located within the gardens, and the Joan Miró Foundation is located nearby.250x250px1988''Parc de les Corts''0,71 haNumancia Street, 101-105 (Les Corts)It is located in the square of the same name, which bears the name of the district and the former municipality of ''Les Corts de Sarrià'', integrated in 1897 in the city of Barcelona.",
"It was created in 1988 with a project by Carme Fiol.",
"The park is located in a rectangular square, crossed diagonally by a meandering water channel as an artificial river, which can be forded by several pylon bridges over the water.",
"On this land there was formerly a brick factory called ''Can Macians'', honored in the park with two brick arches located at both ends of the river.",
"In addition to the water channel, there are several small squares with children's play areas, ping-pong tables, and a ''pipican''.",
"The vegetation consists of several flowerbeds in the form of slopes that serve to separate the different areas, populated by various species of trees, most of which are evergreen.",
"As an artistic element, the park includes a sculpture located in the water at one end of the canal, entitled ''Euclidea'' (1989), by Luis Gueilburt.250x250px=== M ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1998''Jardins de Maternitat''7,68 haTravessera de Les Corts, 131-159 (Les Corts)These are the gardens of the ''Casa Provincial de Maternitat i Expòsits de Barcelona'', a former hospital complex now converted into various social, institutional and welfare facilities.",
"It was built in several phases between 1883 and 1957, and several architects were involved in its construction, such as Camil Oliveras, General Guitart, Josep Bori, Manuel Baldrich, Juan Rubió and Josep Goday.",
"The interior of the hospital complex is home to extensive gardens that have been open to the public since 1998, structured along a longitudinal axis that runs from Travessera de Les Corts to Diagonal.",
"The gardens have a peaceful appearance despite the hustle and bustle of the people who constantly pass through them, with wide lawns lined with trees of various species, such as pines, elms, plum trees, cinnamon trees, catalpas and love trees.",
"There are several sculptures scattered around the grounds: ''Nuestra Señora embarazada'' (1944), by Vicente Navarro; ''Sagrado Corazón'' (1944), from the workshop ''El Arte Cristiano''; ''Maternidad.",
"Ayuda al desvalido'' (1956), by Luisa Granero; ''Sor Antonia'' (1963), by Antonio Sacramento; and ''Límite interior.",
"Libro abierto'' (1987), by Sergi Aguilar.250x250px2000''Parc de la Maquinista de Sant Andreu''2,1 haFerran Junoy street, 1 (Sant Andreu)The park is located on the grounds of La Maquinista Terrestre y Marítima, a railway machinery construction company founded in 1855, which moved to Santa Perpètua de Mogoda in 1993.The land then became public property, part of it being used for the park and part for the construction of a large shopping center, also known as ''La Maquinista''.",
"The park was designed by the L-35 team of architects (Juan Fernando de Mendoza and José Ignacio Galán) and inaugurated in 2000.In the center is a lake in the shape of an orange wedge, called Narcís Monturiol Pond, which is the most prominent feature of the park, at the end of it is an iron building in the shape of a boat, designed by Juan Fernando de Mendoza, which houses the ''Macosa MTM Museum''.",
"Also, a large wheel from the factory's machinery stands out from the water of the lake, positioned as if it were a sculpture.",
"It is the transmission wheel of the first steam engine that the factory had used at its first site in La Barceloneta, and which was brought to Sant Andreu in 1963 as a decorative element.250x250px1962-1969''Jardins del Mirador de l'Alcalde''1,37 haPlaça del Mirador (Sants-Montjuic)They are located on the mountain of Montjuic, and were developed between 1962 and 1969 with a garden project by Joaquim Casamor, while Carles Buïgas was in charge of the monumental fountain.",
"The starting point for these gardens was the concession in 1960 of Montjuic Castle to the Barcelona City Council.",
"Work then began on adapting the castle for its new use, which also involved the urbanization and landscaping of the surroundings of the fortress.",
"The name comes from the then mayor of Barcelona, José María de Porcioles.",
"The area is structured in a series of terraces at different levels, connected by stairs and gently sloping flowerbeds.",
"At the top is a pond with an ornamental fountain from which water cascades into a lower pond, where there is another ornamental fountain.",
"The paths and small squares of the Mirador are formed by a 420 m² mosaic pavement, designed by Joan Josep Tharrats.",
"On the upper level is also the sculpture ''Homenaje a Barcelona'' (1968), by Josep Maria Subirachs.250x250px1992''Parc del Mirador del Migdia''8,73 haPasseig de Migdia (Sants-Montjuic)It is a large forest area located on the southern slope of the mountain of Montjuic.",
"It was created in 1992 with a project by Beth Galí, Jaume Benavent and Andreu Arriola.",
"It is located between Montjuic Castle and the Lluís Companys Olympic Stadium, next to the Southwest Cemetery and the Fossar de la Pedrera, and includes the area of Sot del Migdia, an old quarry converted into a space for concerts and sporting events.",
"The steep slope of the park means that its paths are laid out in zig-zag, while the green areas recreate the typical Mediterranean forest, although at some points it has a more artificial appearance, such as the palm tree promenade at the top.",
"In the area known as ''Camí de l'Esparver'' are the remains of the ''Castillo del Puerto'', an ancient enclave of medieval origin of which only a few stones remain that were the base of a tower.",
"A plaque commemorating the ''Millennium of Catalonia'' was placed here in 1989.The park has magnificent views of the Port of Barcelona and El Prat de Llobregat, as well as the Mediterranean Sea.250x250px1995-1997''Parc del Mirador del Poble-sec''2,83 haPasseig de Montjuic, 28 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the northwest slope of the mountain of Montjuic, overlooking the neighborhood of ''El Poble-sec'', hence the name.",
"It was built between 1995 and 1997 with a project by Patrizia Falcone.",
"It is flanked by the Spring Park and the Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens, while after the ascent of the mountain comes to the Miramar Gardens, designed by Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier, who had planned on this side of the mountain a monumental access of which only the stairs were made, which go from the port to the ''Plaça de la Armada'', at the top of the viewpoint.",
"The park is classified as a forest park, since most of it is an area of forest typical of the mountain.",
"The most elaborate elements of the park are in the lower part, where there are petanque courts, ping-pong tables, children's play areas and a long pergola for shade.",
"Also in this area there is a pond planted with aquatic plants, where water falls through a stepped waterfall that spills from another pond located at a higher level.250x250px1919-1923''Jardins de Miramar''0,59 haCarretera de Miramar (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, and was built between 1919 and 1923, on the occasion of the International Exhibition of Barcelona in 1929, being the work of Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier and Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, in parallel to the Laribal Gardens and those of the Greek Theater.",
"The gardens are located on an esplanade in the ''Mirador de Miramar'', a balcony 60 m above sea level from where magnificent panoramic views of the city and the port of Barcelona are observed.",
"Behind this space is the Hotel Miramar, a building built as a restaurant for the International Exhibition of 1929, and that between 1959 and 1983 was the headquarters of TVE in Catalonia; in 2006 it was converted into a hotel.",
"The garden consists of several flower beds bordered by low hedges, as well as trees of various species.",
"In its central part there is a fountain, and three sculptures of female figures decorate this space: ''Fertilidad''(1929) and ''Serenidad'' (1929), by Josep Clarà, and ''La vendimiadora'' (or ''Pomona'', 1927), by Pablo Gargallo.250x250px1947''Turó de Monterols''1,94 haMuntaner street, 426 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)The park, classified as forest, is located on a hill called ''Turó de Monterols'' —also sometimes called ''Turó d'en Gil''—, 127.3 m above sea level, belonging to the foothills of Tibidabo.",
"The land was owned by the Gil family until 1940, when the City Council of Barcelona bought the property.",
"The park was inaugurated in 1947, after a remodeling carried out by Lluís Riudor.",
"The vegetation is of Mediterranean type, with pines and carob trees, as well as oaks, cypresses, holm oaks, olive and almond trees.",
"In a small hollow that was formerly a quarry there are palmettos and aromatic plants (rosemary, thyme, lavender and sage), as well as shrub species such as mastic, arbutus, broom and hazel.",
"The paths are circular and ascending, with stairs in some sections; sometimes they open onto small squares where children's areas or ping-pong tables are located.",
"Near the entrance to Gualbes Street there is a stone fountain with a relief of ''putti'' holding garlands of flowers and fruit, an anonymous work perhaps from the workshop of a stonemason.250x250px''Parc de Montjuic''234 ha''Muntaya de Montjuic''The mountain of Montjuic was for many centuries a forest area, used mainly for its quarries.",
"In the 18th century Montjuic Castle was built, a military fortress to dominate the city.",
"In 1883 the Montjuic Cemetery was installed.",
"It was in the 20th century when the mountain began to be urbanized: after some first attempts in 1894 and 1905, in 1914 the first effective action was made with the opening of an avenue that led from the Gran Via to the Miramar area, by Josep Amargós.",
"Finally, the definitive impulse came with the celebration of the Barcelona International Exposition of 1929: in 1917 the works of urbanization of the northern slope of the mountain began, in charge of the engineer Marià Rubió i Bellver, while the landscaping project was in charge of Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier and Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí, who elaborated the Laribal and Miramar Gardens.",
"The 1929 exposition bequeathed numerous constructions, such as the National Palace, the Spanish Village, the Greek Theater, the Magic Fountain and the Olympic Stadium.",
"Also in the 1920s, the ''Vivero de Tres Pins'' was located on the northwest slope of the mountain, where plants were grown to supply the city's gardens.",
"In 1930 the Botanical Garden was established, and in the 1940s the Acclimatization Garden was installed.",
"In 1960, with the donation to the city of the Montjuic Castle, the Mayor's Viewpoint was installed in its surroundings.",
"In the 1970s several thematic gardens were created, such as the Mossèn Costa i Llobera Gardens and the Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer Gardens, the work of Joaquim Casamor, as well as the Joan Maragall Gardens, located around the Albeniz Palace.",
"A final boost to gardening in the area came with the celebration of the 1992 Olympic Games, when the ''Mirador del Migdia'' was opened and a new Botanical Garden was installed, dedicated to Mediterranean plants from all over the world.",
"The Games also left behind facilities such as the ''Palau Sant Jordi'' and the Montjuic Telecommunications Tower.",
"Shortly after, the ''Mirador del Poble Sec'' was also opened, as well as the Sculpture Garden annexed to the Miró Foundation.",
"Finally, in 2003 the Joan Brossa Gardens were inaugurated, located on the land formerly occupied by the Montjuic Amusement Park.250x250px1959''Jardins de Moragas''0,39 haTavern street (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)It was created in 1959 with a project by Lluís Riudor and Joaquim Casamor.",
"It was named in honor of Fidel de Moragas i Tavern, former owner of the place.",
"It is a neighborhood garden, small in size but carefully designed and rich in plant species.",
"It is currently surrounded by buildings on three sides, with only one public access from Tavern Street.",
"After crossing the entrance a winding path leads to an upper level, where on the left is a children's play area, including a skating rink.",
"The rest is dominated by vegetation, arranged in quadrangular flowerbeds separated by sablon paths.",
"In a corner of the walls surrounding the garden there is a fountain in a niche.250x250px1970''Jardines de Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer''4,30 haDe los Naranjos street, 1-5 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located on the mountain of Montjuic, in the area between the Montjuic funicular and the Joan Brossa Gardens, where there used to be a quarry, located at the foot of Montjuic Castle.",
"The park was designed by Joaquim Maria Casamor, and dedicated to the Catalan poet Jacinto Verdaguer, in line with other gardens in the Montjuic area dedicated to poets.",
"The garden specializes in aquatic, bulbous and rhizomatous plants, which is why it is classified as a theme park.",
"Within the grounds of the park there are several sculptures, such as ''Maternidad'', by Sebastià Badia (1970), and ''Joven de los lirios.",
"Homenaje a Jacinto Verdaguer'', by Ramon Sabí (1970).250x250px1970''Jardins de Mossèn Costa i Llobera''6,15 haCtra.",
"de Miramar, near ''Plaça de la Armada'' (Sants-Montjuic)This park was created in parallel to the previous one, on the mountain of Montjuic, also the work of Joaquim Maria Casamor, and dedicated to another poet, Miquel Costa i Llobera.",
"It is also a thematic garden, in this case specialized in cacti and succulents.",
"Being located on a mountainside sheltered from the wind, this area has a microclimate about three degrees above the average temperature of Barcelona, so it can accommodate this type of plants that are not typical of the city.",
"The botanist Joan Pañella Bonastre was involved in the planting.",
"The gardens house several sculptures: ''L'au dels temporals, el pi de Formentor,'' by Joaquim Ros i Bofarull (1970); ''La encajera'', by Josep Viladomat (1972); and ''A Joan Pañella'', by Mertixell Duran (1991).",
"This garden was considered in 1987 one of the ten best in the world, according to a New York Times journalist.250x250px=== N ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1992''Parc de la Nova Icària''6,34 haArquitecte Sert street (Sant Martí)This park, designed by the Martorell-Bohigas-Mackay team, stems from the urban renewal carried out along the coastline for the 1992 Olympic Games, on land previously used for industrial purposes.",
"The name comes from the Greek island of Icaria, which Étienne Cabet recalled in his work ''Voyage en Icarie'', giving rise to the Utopian project of the Icarians.",
"Between 1846 and 1847 some of his followers in Barcelona settled in this area of the Poblenou neighborhood, which they called ''Nova Icària''.",
"Along its route runs the ''Ronda del Litoral'', part of which is underground and leads to the ''Plaza de los Campeones'', where one of the podiums used in the Olympic Games is located, and on whose pavement are inscribed the names of various athletes and Olympic champions in history.",
"The most distinctive element of the park is a large lake, shaped like the Greek island of Icaria, over which several wooden bridges cross to access from one side of the Ronda del Litoral to the other.250x250px=== P ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1926Gardens of the ''Palau Reial de Pedralbes''7,28 haAv.",
"Diagonal, 686 (Les Corts)The Palace has its origins in the old Can Feliu ''masía'', from the 17th century, bought in 1862 by Count Eusebi Güell.",
"The architect Joan Martorell was commissioned to renovate the house and built a small palace with a Caribbean air.",
"Later, Antoni Gaudí was commissioned to build a fence wall and the gatehouse pavilions, as well as the gardens, for which he built a pergola and two fountains —of which the Fountain of Hercules still survives— and planted various types of Mediterranean plants (pines, eucalyptus, palms, cypresses and magnolias).",
"In 1918 Eusebi Güell gave the house and part of the gardens to the Crown, so a new remodeling was undertaken to convert it into the Royal Palace (1919-1924), by the architects Eusebi Bona and Francesc Nebot, in noucentist style.",
"Then the gardens were remodeled, which were designed by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, based on a project that integrated, in a decorative geometric layout, most of the existing trees, with a pond and various decorative elements, such as Gaudí's fountain, bamboo benches, three luminous fountains by Carles Buïgas and various statues, such as the one of Queen Isabel II showing her son Alfonso XII in front of the main entrance of the palace, a work by Agapito Vallmitjana.250x250px1894-1898''Palau de les Heures''3,50 haPº Valle de Hebrón, 171 (Horta-Guinardó)The ''Palau de les Heures'' (\"ivy palace\" in Catalan) —also known as ''Casa Gallart''— was built between 1894 and 1898 by the architect Augusto Font Carreras.",
"It is currently the headquarters of the Bosch i Gimpera Foundation for postgraduate university studies, and is integrated into the Mundet Campus of the University of Barcelona.",
"It is a building inspired by the French ''château'' typology, with the façade presided over by a terracotta with an allegory of ''The Ivy'' by Josep Campeny.",
"The palace is located on top of a promontory that is accessed through a series of landscaped terraces, with ramps and balustrades elaborated in the style of the Italian Renaissance garden.",
"The gardens, designed by Adrià Piera, are structured on each level around central ponds with water fountains, and in the surrounding space there are broderie flowerbeds surrounded by tree species such as palms, magnolias and horse chestnut trees.",
"There are also rose bushes and terracotta pots with geraniums.",
"The gardens were restored in 1999 by Patrizia Falcone and opened to the public.250x250px1898-1903''Palau Robert''0,39 haPasseig de Gracia, 107 (Eixample)The ''Palau Robert'' is located at the crossroads between ''Passeig de Gracia'' and ''Avinguda Diagonal'', two of Barcelona's main thoroughfares.",
"It is a neoclassical palace built between 1898 and 1903 with a project by the French architect Henri Grandpierre —although the construction was directed by Joan Martorell— for the financier and politician Robert Robert i Surís.",
"The garden was designed by Ramón Oliva, author of the ''Campo del Moro'' in Madrid and the Campo Grande Park in Valladolid.",
"It has three large flowerbeds, two lateral and one central, separated by sablon paths.",
"It houses several species of scarce presence in the city, such as the Levante plane tree, the Arizona cypress or the golden willow.",
"Many of the palms in the garden came from the Universal Exposition of Barcelona in 1888.The garden also contains the sculpture ''La Luna'', by Kiku Mistu (2001).",
"The building is currently owned by the Generalitat de Catalunya and houses a cultural center and a tourist office.",
"The garden was opened to the public in 1998.250x250px1986''Parc de la Pegaso''3,65 haC/ de la Sagrera, 179-197 (Sant Andreu)This park is located on the site of the former ENASA factory (''Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones, Sociedad Anónima''), builder of the famous Pegaso trucks.",
"Some remains of the old factory are still preserved, such as the entrance gate and the office building, used as neighborhood facilities.",
"It was created in 1986 by Enric Batlle and Joan Roig, who designed a project that combines landscaping with recreational and sports spaces.",
"There are three main areas: the children's playground; a more architectural-looking area, with walls and columns with pergolas, which houses several sports courts; and the landscaped area, which is perhaps the most outstanding element of the park, with a winding pond that runs through much of the park like a canal, crossed by several bridges, one of them curved, in the Japanese style.",
"The canal surrounds an extensive green area that reaches a certain height at several points, with viewpoints that offer a wide view of the whole.250x250px2008''Jardins de Piscines i Esports''1,69 haC/ Ganduxer, 17-27 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)Its origins lie in the sports complex of the same name, inaugurated in 1935, part of which became a public garden in 2008, while the rest of the land still contains several sports facilities.",
"The grounds are rectangular in shape, and feature large grassy areas lined with trees, mainly pines and acacias.",
"In one corner is a pond with aquatic plants, bordered by willows.",
"There are paved paths arranged in a circular layout, inviting to stroll, as well as a children's play area.250x250px1991''Parc del Pla de Fornells''2,5 haC/ dels Nou Barris, 21 (Nou Barris)The park is located on a hillside of the Sierra de Collserola.",
"It was created in 1991 with a design by Pere Llimona Torras and Xavier Ruiz Vallés.",
"At the bottom is a paved square, which formerly had a hexagonal pond with a small island with aquatic plants in the center, which was later covered.",
"In its upper part, the park has sablon esplanades that are used as sports courts, as well as an amphitheater, while a large part of the park is made up of a large forest mass of vegetation.",
"On its grounds are the CEIP Antaviana school and the Ateneo Popular Nou Barris, as well as a theater school and a circus school.250x250px1992''Parc del Poblenou''11,92 haC/ Carmen Amaya-Passeig Calvell (Sant Martí)It is located by the sea, on land adjacent to the Bogatell beach, between the Olympic Village and the Diagonal Mar area.",
"It was created in 1992 with a project by Manuel Ruisánchez and Xavier Vendrell.",
"The park is divided into two zones, a smaller one located between the Ronda del Litoral and the ''Cementiri de Poblenou'', and separated by Llacuna Street, and a larger one located on the Ronda del Litoral, which in that section is underground.",
"The first has a lake as its most distinctive element, and includes a school (CEIP Vila Olímpica) and a soccer field.",
"The second is more rugged, with a predominance of vegetation, especially a pine forest.",
"The part closest to the sea is made up of grass dunes, with walkways made from the crossbeams of the old train tracks, and includes as an anecdotal element the remains of a shipwreck.",
"It is the Ashraf II, under the Lebanese flag, of which the smokestack and two pieces of the stern, one of the deck and the other with the propeller and rudder, remain stranded on land.",
"Among its trees, the tamarisk stands out, a tree resistant to sea salinity and which serves as a fixation for the sand dunes on the beach.250x250px2007''Parc de la Primavera''1,95 haC/ Nou de la Rambla, 203 (Sants-Montjuic)It is located between the neighborhood of El Poble-Sec and the northern slope of the mountain of Montjuic, next to the Mirador del Poble-Sec Park.",
"It was created in 2007 with a project by Patrizia Falcone.",
"It is an area of steep slope, resolved through a series of ramps and stairs.",
"Under the ground of the park is a waste treatment center, the ''Parque de Limpieza de la Zona Sur'', designed by architects Eileen Liebman and Fernando Villavecchia, built with the intention of placing a green area above it.",
"Several chimneys of this complex protrude from the roof of the building and are harmoniously integrated into the upper garden as decorative elements of the park.",
"The vegetation is typically Mediterranean, with white pines, poplars and willows.",
"The park has a children's play area and another for dogs, and houses an outpatient clinic, the CAP Les Hortes.",
"In its enclosure are the remains of an air raid shelter from the Civil War.250x250px1992''Parc del Port Olímpic''2,99 haAv.",
"Litoral, 30 (Sant Martí)This park, designed by the Martorell-Bohigas-Mackay-Puigdomènech team, is the result of the urban renewal carried out on the coastline for the 1992 Olympic Games, on land previously used for industrial purposes.",
"At its entrance on the ''Place des Volontaires'' is the sculpture ''Marc'' (1997), by Robert Llimós, dedicated to his son who died in an accident.",
"Then opens a long sablon promenade lined by the flagpoles that held the flags of all the countries participating in the Olympic Games.",
"Next to it there are pergola-like gates with terracotta pots and children's play areas.",
"Then there is a grassy area, where there is a monument to the Commemoration of the inauguration of the Olympic Village, consisting of a commemorative plaque and two steel plates in the shape of boat sails.",
"Next to it is a restaurant with a pond that houses a sculpture of Cobi, the mascot of the Olympic Games, designed by Javier Mariscal.",
"This is the area with the most vegetation, where some carob trees transplanted from a carob tree in Tarragona stand out, as well as a long bank of ''trencadís'' with undulating forms.250x250px=== R ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto2016''Jardins de la Rambla de Sants''31 300 m²C/ Antoni de Capmany s/n (Sants-Montjuïc)Designed by Ana Molino and Sergi Godia, they were inaugurated on August 20, 2016.The gardens are located on an elevated platform located over the train and metro tracks, in a stretch of 760 linear meters and an average width of 30.To facilitate mobility they have ramps, elevators and escalators.",
"Considered the \"first aerial boulevard in Barcelona\", the gardens are between 6 and 14 meters above street level.",
"They have been designed with sustainability criteria, with LED lighting, photovoltaic energy and groundwater irrigation.",
"For the vegetation, preferably native species have been chosen, which are signposted with a botanical route.",
"In the final part of the route, on the border with Hospitalet de Llobregat, there is a \"didactic garden\" that shows what the area was like in the 18th century.",
"It includes an ornamental fountain with several jets and LED lights, an umbraculum that generates a multipurpose space of 660 m², a children's area, fitness equipment, toilets, a bar and a library park.250x250px2013''Parc de les Rieres d'Horta''4 haAv.",
"de l'Estatut de Catalunya (Horta-Guinardó)It is located on a cleaning park and rainwater tank, which is buried under the street.",
"It has been designed with the highest criteria of sustainability, as can be seen in the energy produced by photovoltaic pergolas that supply the lighting network, which uses LED technology.",
"Likewise, irrigation is done with groundwater, and the vegetation is all of Mediterranean type, optimally adapted to the environment.",
"To learn more about this vegetation, there is a botanical tour with signs offering the scientific name of each species.",
"The park is located in a hilly area, so it is divided into several terraces: on the upper terrace is the photovoltaic pergola, measuring 642 m² and with a rated power of 66 kW, which is located above a series of petanque courts, to which it provides shade; on the second terrace there is a fitness circuit with equipment designed especially for the elderly; then another terrace houses a children's play area; finally, at the bottom there is a fountain with water fountains and a sablon square with a stage for popular festivals.250x250px1999''Jardins de Rosa Luxemburg''1,2 haAv.",
"del Estatuto de Cataluña, 15-39 (Horta-Guinardó)The gardens are located in the Vall d'Hebron neighborhood, near the Olympic area built for the 1992 Games.",
"They were created in 1999 with a design by Patrizia Falcone, and are dedicated to the Marxist politician and theorist Rosa Luxemburg.",
"They are located between two school facilities, the CEIP Pau Casals school and the L'Arquet kindergarten.",
"As they are located in a terrain with a certain unevenness, they are structured in a system of terraces delimited by slopes and connected by stairs, as well as by a main path that runs through the whole enclosure.",
"It is a quiet and cozy place, which invites to rest and meditation.",
"The vegetation is of forest type, with a predominance of trees, some of them fruit trees and flowers.",
"In the lower part there is a forest with a great variety of species, as well as an undergrowth of bushes.",
"There are also aromatic plants.",
"The garden includes a children's play area and a space for dogs.250x250px=== S ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1929Gardens of Salvador Espriu (''Jardinets de Gràcia'')0,32 haPasseig de Gracia, 118 (Gràcia)These are popular gardens formerly known as ''Jardinets de Gràcia'', until they were dedicated to Salvador Espriu in 1991, in memory of the poet who lived in front of them, at number 118 of Passeig de Gràcia .",
"They were made in 1929 by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí.",
"They are rectangular in shape, and their central part is occupied by long lawns, bordered by about twenty plane trees arranged in a row.",
"In its upper part there is a fountain with water jets.",
"In its space there are several works of public art: ''L'Empordà.",
"New ode to Barcelona'' (1961), by Ernest Maragall i Noble; ''La Lectura.",
"A Pompeu Fabra'' (1948), by Josep Clarà; and ''Surco.",
"A Salvador Espriu'' (2014), by Frederic Amat.250x250px1979-1992''Parc de Sant Martí''6,80 haC/ Menorca, 64 (Sant Martí)This park was developed in different phases: in 1979 work began on an original project by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí, although due to his death it was completed by the architects Antonio Armesto, Carles Martí and Miquel Sodupe, with the first phase completed in 1985 and the second in 1992.The park is structured in two zones: a square plaza framed by the streets Menorca, Huelva, Trabajo and Agricultura, which makes up a quarter of the total park; and the larger area, which is shaped like an irregular triangle, divided in turn into a green area with a lake and a perimeter area on the side of the street Menorca that houses various facilities and equipment: a soccer field, a market, a high school and the parish church of Sant Martí de Provençals.",
"The area also contains three old ''masías'', Ca l'Arnó, Can Planas and Can Cadena, which have been converted into civic spaces for the residents.",
"The area next to the lake has large meadows with alders, aspens and poplars, which recall the agricultural past of the area, while the area with facilities has paved spaces and small squares with orange and olive trees, which also have children's playgrounds and sports courts.250x250px1992''Parc de Sant Pau del Camp''1,6 haC/ Sant Pau, 89-97 (Ciutat Vella)This park is located around the Monastery of Sant Pau del Camp, in the neighborhood of El Raval.",
"Founded at the end of the 9th century, it is one of the best preserved Romanesque buildings in the city.",
"The park dates from 1992, with a design by Lluís Nadal, and has large grassy areas next to small groves of trees, mainly mulberry, poplar and tipuanas.",
"Among these plant elements there are sandy squares, children's play areas and petanque courts, along with a system of circular paths dug into the ground and bordered by half-height walls, which give the sensation of walking through the vegetation.",
"On one side stands a tall chimney from an old factory, which today is a vocational school.",
"Next to the church there is also an urban vegetable garden.250x250px=== T ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1918''Jardins de la Tamarita''1,4 haPº de Sant Gervasi, 47-49 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)It was one of the first projects of Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí.",
"The gardens are divided into two areas: the gardens of the manor house and a forest hollow, enabled for children's play area.",
"The most outstanding part is the one designed by Rubió as a recreational garden, with various areas that combine flowerbeds and hedges with fountains and statues, in two different styles: on the right a garden with a landscape style and romantic atmosphere, and on the left a classicist garden.",
"At the entrance there is a pond with a fountain, figures of sleeping lions and climbing plants of the ''Muehlenbeckia complexa'' type; from here a path leads to a series of squares around the manor house, the work of Melcior Vinyals, which now houses the Blanquerna Foundation.",
"In the main square in front of the building there are four sculptures dedicated to continents —all except Oceania—, the work of Virginio Arias, as well as a fountain with sculpted children, while in one of the surrounding squares there is a fountain with sculpted frogs that act as jets, and in another a waterfall made of rockwork and covered with seashells.250x250px1917-1924''Jardins del Teatre Grec'' 1,65 haPº Santa Madrona, 38 (Sants-Montjuic)They are located on the mountain of Montjuic, next to the Greek Theater, an open-air theater inspired by the ancient Greek theaters, designed by Ramon Reventós within the set of the International Exhibition of 1929.They were designed by Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier in conjunction with the Laribal Gardens, between 1917 and 1924.They were formerly called ''Rosaleda de Amargós'', in honor of Josep Amargós, the architect who designed the first urbanization project for Montjuic mountain.",
"The area is divided into terraces: a first one with a rectangular floor plan and geometrically shaped flowerbeds with aromatic plants, next to a group of bitter orange trees; another one that serves as a viewpoint, with a pergola full of climbing plants; and finally the main level, where the theater is located.",
"Here is the main part of the gardens, with several geometric flowerbeds that form a mosaic, planted with different varieties of roses, and with a fountain in the center.",
"On one of the sides there is a pond with aquatic plants.",
"On an upper level is a pavilion that serves as a restaurant, in front of which is a pool with water fountains.250x250px1987''Jardins de Torre de les Aigües''0,16 haC/ Roger de Lauria, 56 (Eixample)They are located inside a block of blocks of apartments located between the streets Consejo de Ciento, Diputación, Roger de Lauria and Bruch, one of the few examples of block interiors landscaped as Ildefonso Cerdá, the author of the project of the Eixample of Barcelona, wanted.",
"The most outstanding element that gives its name to the garden is a tall brick tower built in 1867 by Josep Oriol Mestres to supply drinking water to the right side of the Ensanche.",
"Nowadays it stands in the middle of a swimming pool that in summer is enabled for the neighbors to bathe.",
"Around it is a space with sand and a paved square, and the plant presence is provided by magnificent magnolia trees that shade the secluded space.",
"The set, enabled as a public garden in 1987, also houses a bar and showers and changing rooms as a complement to the pool.250x250px1860Jardins de Torre Girona3 haC/ de John Maynard Keynes 30 (Les Corts)It was once the summer estate of the banker and politician Manuel Girona y Agrafel, mayor of Barcelona between 1876 and 1877, and consisted of a neoclassical style house by Josep Oriol Mestres and romantic style gardens, which included a lake with a windmill, Chinese pavilions and various sculptures.",
"In 1940 a classicist style chapel was built next to the house.",
"The land now belongs to the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), which houses its rectorate in the old house, while the chapel houses the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), which includes the MareNostrum 4 supercomputer.",
"In 2019, the UPC and the Barcelona City Council signed an agreement to cede the gardens with a view to establishing a public park.",
"The gardens house a faithful replica of the ''Cabeza colosal olmeca 1'', the original of which is housed in the Museum of Anthropology of Xalapa (Veracruz, Mexico).250x250px2013''Parc Torrent Maduixer''0,41 haC/ de Josep Garí, 7 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)It is located in the foothills of the Sierra de Collserola, next to the Ronda de Dalt.",
"The park is located on the roof of a building of the maintenance and cleaning area of the Barcelona City Council, built with criteria of efficiency and sustainability, as it has a geothermal pump for energy consumption, which offers high performance with low power consumption.",
"The terrain has a 9-meter slope, so it is organized in a series of five terraces that bridge the height difference, connected with stairs and paved paths.",
"These terraces generate a series of small squares of sablon, and between them there are slopes covered with vegetation, mainly shrubs, ground cover and climbing plants, as well as some Mediterranean type trees.",
"Irrigation is automatic, and is carried out by means of an electrovalve programmer.",
"In the upper part of the park there is an urban vegetable garden, and in the lower part there is a children's play area.250x250pxEn desarrollo''Parc dels Tres Turons''122 haGràcia and Horta-Guinardó districtsThese are three hills belonging to the Litoral mountain range that overhang the Barcelona plain, and form a privileged balcony with magnificent views of the city: they are the Turó de la Creueta del Coll, the Turó del Carmel and the Turó de la Rovira; the first belongs administratively to the district of Gràcia, while the other two belong to the district of Horta-Guinardó.",
"Since 1953 the Barcelona City Council has planned to create in this area a large green area that would serve as a lung for the city, and as a leisure and rest center for residents and tourists.",
"However, since then the plan has not yet been fully implemented, partly due to the resistance of some neighborhood associations, since the final project foresees the demolition of several residential buildings located on the grounds of the future park.",
"Each of the three hills has its own green area: the Turó de la Creueta del Coll the Creueta del Coll Park, the Turó del Carmel the Carmel Park and the Turó de la Rovira the Guinardó Park.250x250px1995''Jardins de les Tres Xemeneies''0,90 haParalelo Avenue, 49 (Sants-Montjuic)These gardens with a distinctly urban appearance are located on the land formerly occupied by the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, limited —popularly known as ''La Canadiense''—, one of the pioneers in the city.",
"They were created in 1995 with a design by Pere Riera and Josep Maria Gutiérrez.",
"Of the old power plant, only the chimneys (dated 1897, 1908 and 1917) remain, surrounded today by a FECSA office building.",
"Next to it are several paved plazas separated by cement walls decorated with graffiti.",
"One of these squares is set up for skateboarding, next to which there is a cube that serves as a stage for open-air shows.",
"Scattered around the grounds are several pieces of the old power plant that have been preserved and placed as sculptures, such as a boiler and electric turbines, as well as a huge concrete chair at the entrance to the park, designed by the architects who designed the project.",
"At one end of the park there is an area with a sablon floor, where there is a children's play area, petanque courts and ping-pong tables.",
"On this side are planted a series of poplars, which is the only plant species in the park.250x250px1993''Vivero de Tres Pins''8,80 haMiramar Avenue, s/n (Sants-Montjuic)It is the nursery of new plants of the Institute of Parks and Gardens of Barcelona, where all kinds of species are grown to be transferred to other parks in the city.",
"It is located on the northwest slope of Montjuic mountain, and occupies a large space located between the Montjuic Olympic Stadium and Montjuic Castle, next to the Botanical Garden of Barcelona and the Gardens of Mossèn Cinto Verdaguer.",
"It was founded in the 1920s to supply plants for the 1929 International Exposition.",
"In 1985 its grounds were enlarged, and in 1993 it was opened to the public, after a remodeling carried out by Enric Batlle and Joan Roig.",
"On its grounds is also the Petra Kelly Garden, dedicated to the German ecologist Petra Kelly, founder of the Green Party, in which there are two small monuments: ''A Petra Kelly'' (1993), by Olga Ricart; and ''A Joseph Beuys'' (1992), by Lluís Boada and Carles Hac Mor, a stone monolith dedicated to the German artist Joseph Beuys, a staunch defender of environmentalism.250x250px1993''Parc de la Trinitat''7,04 haVia de Bàrcino, s/n (Sant Andreu)This park is located within the space formed by the Nus de la Trinitat, an important road axis that connects the Ronda de Dalt with the Ronda del Litoral, bordering the municipality of Santa Coloma de Gramanet.",
"It was created by Enric Batlle and Joan Roig in 1993.With 14,000 trees, the creation of the park placed the district of Sant Andreu in fifth place in number of trees per district in the city.",
"In the center of the park stands a hill populated with trees, designed to muffle the noise of traffic.",
"At its foot lies a 245 m long, semicircular lake, which was originally navigable, although nowadays there are no more boats.",
"From the lake stands out the sculpture ''Woman bathing'', by Rafael Bartolozzi, while in the wooded area there is a sculptural frieze of ''Rampaging Horses'', by Joaquim Ros i Sabaté.",
"There is also an amphitheater for 500 people, an urban orchard, picnic area with barbecues, bar, sports areas, children's area and a model car track.250x250px1936''Parc Turó de la Peira''7,71 haPº Fabra i Puig, 396-408 (Nou Barris)This park is located on the hill of the same name, one of the foothills of the Sierra de Collserola.",
"The original project comes from the purchase of an estate known as Can Peguera from the Marquise de Castellvell in 1933.The landscaping project, from 1936, was the work of Lluís Riudor.",
"Later, after several decades of neglect, it was restored by Joaquim Casamor in 1977.The park has large forest areas, including a lush pine forest, and is structured on different levels due to the orography of the terrain, linked by macadam paths.",
"There are also grassy areas, and a steeply sloping area houses a small collection of cacti.",
"At the top of the hill, with magnificent views of the city, stands a tall iron cross.",
"The park has a children's playground, picnic area, petanque courts, ping-pong tables and a dog area.250x250px1970''Jardins del Turó del Putxet''3,97 haC/ Manacor, s/n (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)The Putxet hill, 178 meters high, belongs to the foothills of Tibidabo (Sierra de Collserola).",
"This area was urbanized and converted into a public park in 1970, with a project by Joaquim Casamor.",
"In the past, a chapel from the 17th century was located in this place.",
"The area began to be populated around 1870, with the construction of several summer residences for the Barcelona bourgeoisie.",
"The grounds of the gardens belonged to an old estate called Torre Espanya, belonging to the Morató family.",
"In 1917 the area was included in a plan for the preservation of green areas, although it was not until 1970 that it was formalized as a public park.",
"The gardens have a lookout point, a geodesic observatory and a weather station at the top of the hill, as well as a picnic area, a children's play area, a dog area, petanque courts, ping-pong tables and public toilets.",
"The paths are made of macadam, surrounded by lush vegetation, preferably of Mediterranean type.",
"In 2011 the park was enlarged by Patrizia Falcone.250x250px1934''Turó Parc''2,88 haPau Casals avenue, 19 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)The official name of the park is ''Jardins de Eduard Marquina'', but it is better known as Turó Park, after a former amusement park on the site (1912-1929), owned by the Bertrand-Girona family.",
"The park was inaugurated in 1934, with a design by Nicolás María Rubió y Tudurí.",
"At the main entrance there is a ''Monument'' to Pau Casals, a work by Apel-les Fenosa, which leads to a circular plaza bordered by holm oaks trimmed in topiary, from which five radial axes lead to different areas of the park.",
"The vegetation is composed of 38 species of trees, including a grove of holm oaks and a grove of false pepper trees, as well as a meadow with lime trees.",
"On one side there is an oval pond filled with water lilies and surrounded by poplars and plane trees, perhaps the most characteristic element of the park, from the old amusement park and Rubió respected when remodeling the area.",
"There is also an outdoor theater, and in the center of the park is the so-called parterre of Boulangrin, with a pool of Arabian appearance and surrounded by magnolias.",
"There are several sculptures in the grounds: ''A Francesc Viñas'', by Josep Clarà; ''Helios, biga de la fuente de la Aurora'', by Joan Borrell i Nicolau; ''La bien plantada'', by Eloïsa Cerdan; and ''Un oiseau'', by Jean-Michel Folon.",
"Scattered throughout the grounds are also panels with poems by authors such as Dylan Thomas, Walt Whitman, Salvador Espriu, Joan Vinyoli, Alfonsina Storni, Fernando Pessoa and Federico García Lorca, which constitute a poetic itinerary in the open air.250x250px=== U ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1924''Jardins de l'Umbracle''Passeig de Santa Madrona (Sants-Montjuïc)They are located on the mountain of Montjuic, and were built between 1917 and 1924, on the occasion of the International Exhibition of Barcelona in 1929, being the work of Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier and Nicolás María Rubió Tudurí.",
"Its name comes from the ''Umbráculo de la Font del Gat'', a greenhouse that disappeared in a fire in the 1960s.",
"In its central part there is a circular pond with a central fountain, behind which are the remains of the old umbraculum, of which the walls remain, with openings in the form of semicircular arches at the front.",
"This umbraculum was built in 1928, with a design by Rubió i Tudurí, semicircular in shape, with a porticoed gallery and lattice ceilings.",
"In 1929 a sculpture entitled ''Marinada'' or ''Danzarina'', by Antoni Alsina, representing a nude young woman dancing, in the noucentist style, was placed here.250x250px1859''Jardins de Universitat de Barcelona''1,08 haC/ Diputación, 230 (Eixample)The set of gardens of the University of Barcelona was created at the same time as the building, in 1859, by the architect Elías Rogent.",
"It is made up of the landscaped areas of the side cloisters of the building, as well as —to the greatest extent— the botanical garden located at the rear of the architectural complex.",
"Its original purpose was as a botanical garden for students, although in 1995 it was opened to the general public, when the gardens were dedicated to the historian Ferran Soldevila.",
"It is an intimate, secluded place, an oasis in the midst of the surrounding urbanism.",
"In addition to its magnificent collection of exotic plants and species, there is a greenhouse that houses the most delicate species.",
"It also contains a pond with fish and frogs, and several fountains and fountains, so the presence of water is paramount in the whole.250x250px=== V ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto1992''Parc de la Vall d'Hebron''8,22 haPlaça de la Clota (Horta-Guinardó)It is located in the neighborhood of the same name, and was created in 1992 in the context of the Olympic Games, with a project developed by Eduard Bru.",
"It is a heterogeneous space that links various green spots in the area, located between the different sports facilities built for the Games.",
"It is structured in a series of squares at different levels, some shaded with pergolas, while other spaces host a rural-looking vegetation, such as reedbeds and hills upholstered with ivy.",
"It was built with a post-modern style design, which is evident in details such as the rubber pavement in some areas, which sinks when stepped on as if it were natural terrain, or the use in some places of synthetic grass, in colors as unique as yellow.",
"Within the park is a replica of the Pavilion of the Spanish Republic built for the International Exhibition of Paris in 1937, the work of architects Josep Lluís Sert and Luis Lacasa, where Picasso's ''Guernica'' was exhibited for the first time.",
"It also houses three large sculptures: ''Form and Space'', by Eudald Serra; ''Tell me, tell me, dear'', by Susana Solano; and ''Matches'', by Claes Oldenburg.250x250px1970''Jardins de Vil·la Amèlia''2,33 haC/ de Eduardo Conde, 22 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)On this land was formerly the Quinta Amelia, a part of the Girona family estate, which was expropriated in 1969.The name comes from Amelia de Vilanova, wife of Ignacio Girona.",
"It was then remodeled by Joaquim Casamor, who respected the winding layout of the paths and the shape of the flowerbeds.",
"The focal point of the park is a circular pond, in the center of which there is a small island with the sculpture ''Dríade'', by Ricard Sala.",
"Next to the pond there is a promontory that serves as a viewpoint —formerly a waterfall—, surrounded by cypresses.",
"Among the plant species it is worth mentioning several centenary trees, such as a eucalyptus that is part of the Catalog of Trees of Local Interest of Barcelona.",
"Next to a Passeig de palms washingtonias is the statue ''The snake charmer'', by Jules Anthone (1887).",
"There is also an earthen hill with old white pines, and a children's play area lined with love trees.250x250px1986''Jardins de Vil·la Cecília''1,47 haC/ de Eduardo Conde, 42 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)This land was part of the Girona family estate next to Villa Amelia, and was later owned by Eduardo Conde, founder of Almacenes El Siglo, whose house is still preserved as the Casal de Sarrià civic center.",
"The name comes from Cecilia Gómez del Olmo, Conde's wife.",
"It was created in 1986 with a project by José Antonio Martínez Lapeña and Elías Torres, whose design was awarded the FAD prize that year.",
"The gardens have a postmodern style, with a somewhat labyrinthine structure, which seeks to enhance the various squares that punctuate the enclosure.",
"Of the street furniture, the benches, similar to large colorful scooters, and the lampposts, with tree-like shapes, stand out.",
"At the entrance on Santa Amelia Street there is a metal fence that imitates the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, and next to it is a water channel in the center of which stands the sculpture ''Ophelia drowned'', by Francisco López Hernández (1964), in allusion to the Ophelia of Shakespeare's Hamlet.250x250px=== W ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto2012''Jardins de Winston Churchill''0,07 haRonda del General Mitre 69-71, / Vía Augusta, 257 (Sarrià-Sant Gervasi)They are located at the lower corner of the intersection of Via Augusta 257 and Ronda del General Mitre 69-71, in the district of Sarrià-Sant Gervasi and, more specifically, in the neighborhood of Las Tres Torres, very close to the Las Tres Torres FGC station.",
"They were inaugurated on December 15, 2012.With a total area of 0.07 ha, they contain grass parterres, sandy areas and hard paving.",
"The site pays tribute to Winston Churchill, British politician and writer, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and the post-war years, as well as Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.At one of its ends there is a sculpture in the form of a basalt stone monolith, 2.20 m high, with the sculpted effigy of the prime minister, dressed in his characteristic bow tie, the work of sculptor Pep Codó, made in 2012.The plant species planted are abelia grandiflora, white poplar, common ivy, lantana camara, magnolia, hawthorn and privet.255x255px=== X ===YearNameAreaLocationDescriptionPhoto2007''Parc de Xavier Montsalvatge''2 haC/ Síndic Rahola (Horta-Guinardó)The park is located above the Ronda de Dalt, on the border with the Sierra de Collserola.",
"It was created in 2007 with a project by Jaime Coll and Judith Leclerc.",
"It is dedicated to the composer Xavier Montsalvatge, National Music Prize in 1985.It is located on the Horta depot, a bus parking lot of Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona.",
"When the depot was built, the construction of an ecological roof was already foreseen, which takes advantage of the slope of the land and is at street level in its upper area.",
"At the same time as a park, this roof serves to collect rainwater through a system of concrete funnels that channel the water to a central drain.",
"These funnels, circular in shape, mark the topography of the terrain, as they create a series of islands of different configurations, some hard and others of grass or other types of vegetation, creating a tapestry of various shades of color.",
"On the other hand, the different materials used generate two types of landscape: a cold one, derived from concrete, sand, marble and ivy, ideal for activities such as skating, bike trails or remote-controlled cars; and a warm one, derived from rubber, grass and vines, designed for leisure, walking or picnics.250x250px"
],
[
"See also",
"* Gardening in Spain* History of Barcelona* Public art in Barcelona* Street furniture in Barcelona* Urban planning of Barcelona"
],
[
"References",
"=== Notes ====== References ====== Bibliography ===* * * * * * * * * *"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Chuck Schmidt (American football)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Chuck Schmidt''' (born 1947) is an American football executive, best known for his 25-year association with the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL)."
],
[
"Career",
"After graduating from the University of Michigan with a bachelor's degree in business administration and from Wayne State University with a master's degree in finance, Schmidt joined the front office of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) in the mid-1970s.",
"By 1988, he was appointed as vice president for finance and worked under general manager Russ Thomas.",
"In December 1989, Thomas announced his retirement and Schmidt was appointed in a new joint position of executive vice president and chief operating officer.",
"Vice president of player personnel Jerry Vainisi was speculated to succeed Thomas, but they fell out over the course of the season, resulting in Schmidt's promotion.",
"Because of his lack of football experience, Schmidt was not considered a general manager, so the Lions allowed their head coaches to run football operations during his tenure.Schmidt's position with the Lions coincided with the rise of running back Barry Sanders.",
"However, the Lions struggled to find a franchise quarterback to accompany Sanders, despite drafting Heisman Trophy winner Andre Ware in the first round, who ended up as a third-string behind Rodney Peete and Erik Kramer.",
"In back-to-back off-seasons, Schmidt passed on Joe Montana and Warren Moon, perceiving them to be too old; Montana continued his career with the Kansas City Chiefs, while Moon's career lasted until 2000.Schmidt instead opted for free agent Scott Mitchell, who had backed up Dan Marino of the Miami Dolphins, but his time in Detroit is considered to be largely unsuccessful.",
"In January 2001, Schmidt resigned from his role with the Lions, a day after Matt Millen was announced as the new general manager.",
"In his ten seasons as executive vice president, the Lions made the playoffs on six occasions but never made it to the Super Bowl, coming up short in the 1991 NFC Championship Game.In 2006, Schmidt joined the Baker Group, a financial planning company based in Southfield, Michigan.",
"He currently serves as vice president and heads the company's Western Florida Office."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vaja Azarashvili"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vaja Azarashvili''' (; 13 July 1936 – 7 February 2024) was a Georgian composer, pianist, and teacher.",
"He was notably an Honored Worker of Art (1979), a (1988), a Knight of the Order of Honor (1998) and an Honorary Citizen of Tbilisi."
],
[
"Biography",
"Azarashvili was born in Tbilisi.",
"His father, Shalva Azarashvili, was enthusiastic about folk music.",
"Vaja attended the Tbilisi State Conservatoire under the tutelage of and Iona Tuskiya.",
"He earned his post-graduate degree in 1961 under the direction of Andria Balanchivadze.",
"He then taught at his alma mater and notably chaired the from 1998 to 2007.He had one daughter, Natia Azarashvili.In 1969, Azarashvili created a concerto for cello and the chamber orchestra.",
"He expanded his repertoire in the 1970s and 1980s, venturing into operettas and ballet.",
"In the 1990s, despite the poor economic situation in the newly independent Republic of Georgia, he created symphonic suites and several pieces for piano.",
"He dedicated many songs to his native city of Tbilisi, some of which were performed by the likes of Nani Bregvadze, Giuli Chokheli, Vakhtang Kikabidze, , Tamara Gverdtsiteli, , , VIA Iveria, and .",
"His personal archives were saved in the .",
"On 22 December 2011, his star was revealed in front of the Tbilisi State Concert Hall.Vaja Azarashvili died on 7 February 2024, at the age of 87."
],
[
"Discography",
"*''Важа Азарашвили – Песни Важа Азарашвили '' (1976)*''Важа Азарашвили / Рамаз Карухнишвили – Грузинская Камерная Музыка'' (1984)*''ვაჟა აზარაშვილი – სიმღერები'' (1985)*''ვაჟა აზარაშვილი – მე და ჩემი სიმღერა'' (1988)"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Jorge Simes"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jorge Simes''' (born 1960) is an Argentine-born American painter."
],
[
"Education",
"Simes attended the Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes in Córdoba, obtaining a master's degree in drawing and printmaking."
],
[
"Career",
"Simes met his wife Cindy Simes (née Mrozek), an American, in Buenos Aires.",
"The pair co-founded Simes Studios, a decorative painting company.",
"In 1988, the business was moved to the United States when Jorge and Cindy Simes settled in Chicago.Simes has been involved in solo or group shows at the Centro Cultural Recoleta in Buenos Aires, as well as galleries in Argentina, United States, France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Mexico, Uruguay and Japan."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Simes lives in Chicago."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Port of Szczecin-Świnoujście"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Port of Szczecin-Świnoujście''' (in Polish generally ''Port Szczecin-Świnoujście'' ) is a Polish seaport complex in Szczecin and Świnoujście, within northwestern part of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.The complex was created by a 1977 merger of two ports, namely Port of Szczecin and Port of Świnoujście.It serves containers, liquid and dry bulk, gas, RoRo cargo and project shipments and holds an important ferry terminal, connecting Scandinavia with the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.In 2023, cargo traffic in the seaport equaled tons, making it the 6th largest port complex of the Baltic Sea."
],
[
"See also",
"* Port of Szczecin* Port of Świnoujście* Ports of the Baltic Sea"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Szczecin and Świnoujscie Seaports Authority Website (English)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Píndaro (footballer, born 1925)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Píndaro Possidonti Marconi''' (12 March 1925 – 7 August 2008), simply known as '''Píndaro''', was a Brazilian footballer who played as a defender."
],
[
"Career",
"One of the main players in Fluminense's history, he formed a trio with Carlos Castilho and Pinheiro that became known as \"Santissima Trindade\" (Holy Trinity).",
"He stood out for his clean tackles, never being warned by the referee.",
"Píndaro was called up to the Brazil national football team in 1950, but because he disagreed with the style of play proposed by Flávio Costa, resigned, never playing for Brazil.",
"He retired at the age of 31 to take over a pharmacy, his father's business."
],
[
"Honours",
";Fluminense*Campeonato Carioca: 1951*Copa Rio: 1952*Taça da Prefeitura do Distrito Federal: 1948"
],
[
"Death",
"Píndaro died on 7 August 2008, at Hospital Evangélico, Rio de Janeiro, victim of multiple organ failure."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Píndaro at ogol.com.br"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Barberton rail crash"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Barberton rail crash''' was a train derailment that occurred near Barberton, South Africa in 1902."
],
[
"Background",
"At the time of the incident, the Second Boer War was near the end of the conflict (with the war itself ending around two months after the accident).",
"The 2nd Hampshire Regiment was ordered to move from their post in Barberton, to Johannesburg on March 24th, 1902.The train consisted of seven cars; while mostly being used to transport the military regiment, it was also being used for civilian transport."
],
[
"Accident",
"On 8:00 a.m. March 30, 1902, Easter Sunday, the train had departed from a station in Barberton.",
"The train had left without delay, but soon gained excess speed while traveling down an incline.",
"By the time the train had sped to 80 mph (148 kph), it began to lose control.",
"The cars began to violently shake causing many of the occupants to lose their footing.",
"Knowing a crash was imminent, the soldiers were ordered to lay down on the floor.",
"One of the soldiers who disobeyed orders leapt from the train instead and perished.The train reached a curve at the bottom of the incline that proved to be too much for it to handle.",
"Every vehicle of the train derailed.",
"The train continued to slide down a gully, but this resulted in the boiler of the train exploding.",
"The cars of the train shattered and splintered.",
"One of the cars, a 'boy' truck, landed on its side and had its door sealed shut as a result of the impact.",
"Survivors would describe the scene as quiet as if they were anticipating death, but also silent in anticipation of further military orders.",
"44 passengers died as a result of the accident and approximately 40 others were injured."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"The 44 who were killed in the accident were buried the day after the crash in Barberton Cemetery.",
"They were given full military honors.",
"A memorial was erected in the cemetery with a wall listing the names of all of those who perished in the disaster."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Walter Gee (American politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Walter Gee''' (1927 – May 28, 1998) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1991 to 1998.Gee was first elected in 1990, defeating incumbent Democratic representative Gene Cline.",
"He died in office in May 1998 and was succeeded by Democrat Robin L. Webb, who defeated his wife Ramona in the general election."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2023–24 West Indies Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 West Indies Championship''' is the 56th edition of the Regional Four Day Competition, the domestic first-class cricket competition for the countries of the Cricket West Indies (CWI).",
"It began on 7 February and the last game will finish by 20 April 2024.The six franchise teams from the previous season participated as well as two new teams were added to the circuit time.",
"The West Indies Academy team made their debut in the West Indies First-Class season and the Combined Campuses and Colleges team, made a return after a few years’ absence.The prize money of the was set at US$ 250,000 for the winner and US$ 100,000 for the runners up."
],
[
"Points table",
"Team Windward Islands 2 2 0 0 0 -0.308 '''42.4''' Leeward Islands 2 1 1 0 0 -0.074 '''25.8''' Jamaica 2 1 1 0 0 0.507 '''24.4''' Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 0 1 0 -0.714 '''23.2''' Barbados 2 1 1 0 0 1.442 '''22.8''' West Indies Academy 2 1 1 0 0 1.220 '''19.4''' Guyana 2 0 1 1 0 -0.810 '''10.4''' Combined Campuses and Colleges 2 0 2 0 0 -1.533 '''9.6''' Champions*12 points for a win, 3 for a draw, 0 for a loss.=== Match Summary ===Each teams cumulative total points at the end of each round are listed.+TeamRoundTotal1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Windward Islands 21.4 42.4 42.4Leeward Islands 5.6 25.8 25.8Jamaica 4.4 24.4 24.4Trinidad and Tobago 3 23.2 23.2Barbados 19 22.8 22.8West Indies Academy 17.4 19.4 19.4Guyana 4.4 10.4 10.4Combined Campuses and Colleges 3 9.6 9.6 Win Loss Draw Abandoned"
],
[
"Fixtures",
"===Round 1===------------===Round 2===------------===Round 3===------------===Round 4===------------"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Series home at ESPN Cricinfo"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Aleksey Poteleshchenko"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Aleksey Aleksandrovich Poteleshchenko''' (; ; 3 December 1976 – 3 February 2024) was a Ukrainian Russian collaborationist military officer and politician.",
"He served as Minister of Emergency Situations of the Luhansk People's Republic from 2023 to 2024.Poteleshchenko died in Lysychansk during a Ukrainian shelling, at the age of 47."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Canada All-Stars"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Canada All-Stars''', also referred to as '''All-Canada''', were one of the earliest college football teams.",
"Representing the Football Association of Canada, it was composed of some of the top Canadian players at the time, and was best known for having played several games against the Harvard Crimson in the 1870s."
],
[
"Background",
"The 1869 Princeton vs. Rutgers football game is generally regarded as the \"first college football game\", although it was more similar to association football than present-day gridiron football.",
"The Harvard Crimson, one of the earliest teams, played under a code known as the \"Boston game\" before adopting rugby football, which was played by Canadians, after a game under those rules in May 1874 with the McGill Redmen."
],
[
"History",
"===1875–76 season===At the start of October 1875, it was reported that the Harvard Crimson received an invitation for an \"international football contest\" from a team in Canada.",
"They traveled to Montreal, Quebec, with 20 students on October 21, and practiced at the McGill field on October 22 in preparation for the game on October 23.The Canada All-Stars team, also referred to as All-Canada, featured 20 players from a \"picked array of champions\".",
"The 15-man starting lineup for Canada was made up of the following players: Esdale, Wilmot, Clouston, Creighton, Tatlow, Thomas, Gough, Taylor, McGibbon, Price, McGachen, Campbell, McLaren, Stewart and Ross; ''The Boston Globe'' noted that Taylor and McGibbon were both from McGill, Price \"resides in Quebec\", while the others each were players from Montreal.",
"The game was played on the Montreal cricket ground, under the Canadian rules, with 15 players on the field for each side in the positions of \"tenders\", \"half-tenders\" and \"rushers\".",
"Harvard ultimately won by a score of 1–0; the ''Boston Evening Transcript'' noted that Harvard \"badly discomfited the picked array of champions ... at their own game\", and ''The Boston Globe'' called it a \"very decisive victory\".By April 1876, another game had been scheduled between Harvard and the All-Stars.",
"In practicing, the All-Stars was divided up into two teams, \"East Ontario\" and \"West Ontario\", and played \"trial matches\" against each other.",
"Unlike the first game, which was played at Canada, the second game – on May 8, 1876 – was played at Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on Jarvis Field.",
"The All-Stars left for Massachusetts on May 6, and the squad was composed of the following players: H. Hope, Greenfield, Perram, Hilliwell, Young, Palmer, Hare, Murray, Ker, S. Campbell, Eardley, K. E. Wilmot, E. K. Gough, P. Gross, H. S. Smith and Stewart.",
"The game was described as having \"excited so much interest and attracted so much attention,\" with it taking place in front of 5,000 spectators at 3:00 p.m.",
"The play was noted to be \"hotly contested\" and \"very exciting\", with Harvard ultimately winning by one goal.",
"The All-Stars–Harvard match took one hour and 30 minutes to complete, and at halftime the teams switched sides.",
"''The Gazette'' reported that after the coin toss, \"the game commenced in earnest, each side doing their level best for supremacy.",
"The Canadians appeared to have the advantage during the first three quarters of an hour, and kept the ball well down to their opponents' goals, the defence being very strong, however.",
"The ball would come up, and the Canadian defence, in the nick of time, would seize their opportunity, and by a 'rush' bring it to mid-field, and by a little sharp play pass it to one of the rushers, and down it would go, making things lively ...",
"But soon the Canadians began to show the effects of the knocking about of the train, while the superb condition of the Harvards served them in good stead ... after three-quarters of an hour's hard play ... with the wind in their favor, the Harvard men in a short time put the ball down to the Canadians' goal; there was a short, sharp scrimmage, and the ball was cleverly thrown to Seamans, that prince of kickers, who kicked the goal for his side ...",
"Both sides were pretty well exhausted by the severity of the play, and though the Canadians did not secure a victory, they had the best of play nearly all through.\"",
"The ''Ottawa Daily Citizen'' said that Canada was at a \"great disadvantage\" due to having not practiced enough together, and also noted that several players from Ontario were not as well-trained as advertised, although it stated that Perram, captain, was an exception, whom they described as playing a \"splendid game ... there was admittedly no rival for him on the Harvard side.\"",
"The All-Stars thus finished with a record of 0–2, while Harvard went undefeated with four wins in four games and became the college football champions for the 1875–76 season.====Schedule=======1876 season===By mid-October 1876, arrangements were being made for a third game between Harvard and the All-Stars.",
"Although initially scheduled for October 30, it was played at the Montreal Cricket Club Grounds on October 28, at 3:00 p.m.",
"It was reported that \"The attendance was large, and a great interest manifested in the game.\"",
"The Canadian team consisted of the following players, listed with their residence or club team: Perram, Toronto; K. Eardley and Wilmot, Ottawa; E. Gough, J. D. Molson and Stuart Campbell, Montreal Football Club; A. R. Irwin and S. M. Blaiklock, Brittania Football Club; J. Scriver, E. T. Taylor and H. Abbott, McGill University; as well as five others from Ontario.",
"Harvard ultimately won the third and final game of the series by a score of 2–0, with two goals and two touchdowns, and the All-Stars nothing.One source also mentioned a victory for the All-Stars against a team known as \"All-England\"; however, this has not been verified.====Schedule===="
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Pinbury"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Pinbury''' was a settlement in the Hundred of Cirencester and County of Gloucester.Pinbury is mentioned in the ''Domesday Book'' as containing 18 households.Pinbury contained a church in the 12th century however, this church disappears from the records after 1170.Before the Norman Conquest, Minchinhampton and presumably also Pinbury belonged to Goda, sister of Edward the Confessor, and the manor may have been in royal hands.",
"William the Conqueror and his wife Matilda granted it to the nuns of Caen in 1082."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 North Dakota State Bison football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 North Dakota State Bison football team''' will represent North Dakota State University as a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) during the 2024 NCAA Division I FCS football season.",
"The Bison will be led by first-year head coach Tim Polasek.",
"Polasek joins the Bison after being an offensive coordinator at NDSU, Iowa, and most recently - Wyoming.",
"Polasek will be assisted by first year offensive coordinator Jake Landry, who joins the Bison from St. Thomas, as well as co-defensive coordinators Grant Olson and Nick Goeser.",
"The Bison play home games at the Fargodome in Fargo, North Dakota."
],
[
"Schedule"
],
[
"Game summaries",
"===Regular season=======Colorado (FBS)========Tennessee State========East Tennessee State========Towson========Illinois State========North Dakota========Southern Illinois========South Dakota State========Murray State========Northern Iowa========Missouri State========South Dakota===="
],
[
"Rankings"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Brooke Aspin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Brooke Aspin''' (born 1 July 2005) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Women's Super League club Bristol City (on loan from Chelsea), and the England U23 team.",
"A product of the Bristol City academy, she has captained England at both under-17 and under-19 youth levels."
],
[
"Club career",
"=== Bristol City ===Aspin is a product of the Bristol City academy, having joined at the age of 14, and began training with the frirst team in August 2021, making her senior debut at the age of 16.She missed the majority of the 2022–23 season after contracting sepsis, spending time in hospital and receiving surgery, before making her season debut from the bench against Durham.On 3 April 2023, Aspin scored her first goal for the club against Charlton Athletic in a 4–0 victory, helping the team to win the Women's Championship, and secure promotion back to the WSL.=== Chelsea ===In July 2023, Aspin signed a four-year contract with Chelsea on a free transfer, after manager Emma Hayes described tracking the player for the past three years.==== Bristol City (loan) ====In July 2023, Aspin was loaned back to Bristol City for the 2023–24 season.On 5 November 2023, Aspin scored her first WSL goal from a header in a 3–2 victory over West Ham, helping to secure City's first WSL win the 2023–24 WSL season."
],
[
"International career",
"Aspin has captained the under-17s and under-19s, and currently represents the under-23s.In November 2021, Aspin was first named as part of England's development youth team.In March 2022, she was named as part of the under-17 squad for 2022 U -17 Championship qualification, where she captained the team against France and Poland, followed by scoring the final goal in an 8–0 victory against Croatia as a substitute.In September 2023, Aspin was included in the under-19 squad, playing against Denmark in a 3–3 victory, and captaining the team against Germany to a 3–3 draw.On 22 November 2023, she was named as part of the under-23 squad for matches against France and Spain, although remained at Bristol City awaiting injury assessment.Her international career ambitions include captaining the senior team to win a World Cup final."
],
[
"Honours",
"* FA Women's Championship: 2022–23"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Profile at Chelsea F.C.",
"website* Profile at Bristol City F.C.",
"website* Brooke Aspin at Soccerway"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Iron Chest"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Iron Chest''''' is a 1796 play by the British writer George Colman the Younger, with music by the composer Stephen Storace.",
"Inspired by the novel ''Things as They Are'' by William Godwin, it premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 12 March 1796.The original cast included John Philip Kemble as Sir Edward Mortimer, Richard Wroughton as Fitzharding, John Bannister as Wilford, James William Dodd as Adam Winterton, William Barrymore as Rawbold, Richard Suett as Samson Rawbold, Robert Palmer as Orson, Charles Bannister as Third Robert, Elizabeth Farren as Lady Helen, Maria Gibbs as Blanch, Charlotte Tidswell as Dame Rawbold, Nancy Storace as Barbara and Maria Theresa Kemble as Judith.",
"The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 6 March 1797."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Power Struggle (film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Power Struggle''''' is a 2016 American documentary film directed by Robbie Leppzer.",
"Filmed over the course of five years, the documentary follows a political struggle between activists, elected officials, the US government, and the Entergy corporation, that led to the closure of the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant in Vernon, Vermont.",
"The film features peace activist Frances Crowe.Filming for ''Power Struggle'' began in the winter of 2010.",
"''Power Struggle'' premiered on November 3, 2016, at the Latchis Theatre in Brattleboro."
],
[
"References",
"===Bibliography===*"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"H. Scott Landry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''H.",
"Scott Landry Jr.''' (born 1948 or 1949) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives since December 2016.He also owns a small farm."
],
[
"Electoral history",
"Scott Landry was first elected to the 113th district in the 2016 Maine House of Representatives election.",
"He was reelected in the 2018 Maine House of Representatives election.",
"He was reelected in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election.",
"He was redistricted and elected to the 75th district in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election."
],
[
"Biography",
"Landry earned a Bachelor of Science in elementary education from the University of Maine at Farmington in 1970."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Changchun Yatai F.C. season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Changchun Yatai F.C.",
"season''' is Changchun's 29th season in existence and 4th consecutive season in the Chinese Super League.",
"Changchun will also be competing in the Chinese FA Cup."
],
[
"Players",
"===First team squad=== (Captain)"
],
[
"Competitions",
"===Chinese Super League==="
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official Site"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Geoffrey B. Small"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Geoffrey B.",
"Small''' is an American fashion designer and head of his eponymous made in Italy luxury clothing brand.",
"Production is entirely hand-made in Carvazere, Veneto, Italy.In 2003 Small founded the Area Paris show to showcase independent designers."
],
[
"Clientele",
"Veruschka, Winona Ryder, Halle Berry, Jeremy Strong, and David Beckham are clients of the brand."
],
[
"Awards and honors",
"Small won the 2005 MTV Germany's Designerama award for menswear.",
"In 1979 and 1980 ILGWU Americas recognized him in the \"Next Great Designer Awards\".",
"He was the third American recognized by France's Chambre Syndicale."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"*List of grand couturiers"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Christos Fotiou"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Christos Fotiou''' (; 1939 – 2 February 2024) was a Greek lawyer and politician.",
"A member of Pasok and the United Democratic Left, he served in the Hellenic Parliament from 1981 to 1989.Fotiou died in Piraeus on 2 February 2024, at the age of 85."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Quince, Cabbage, Melon and Cucumber"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber''''', commonly known as '''''Quince, Cabbage, Melon and Cucumber''''', is a c. 1602 oil on canvas painting by Spanish painter Juan Sánchez Cotán.",
"It is a still life painting of various fruits and vegetables.",
"It is considered to be Cotán's masterpiece, and is on display at the San Diego Museum of Art."
],
[
"Background",
"Juan Sánchez Cotán was a wealthy Spanish still life painter, active in Toledo in the early 17th century.",
"His best paintings are considered to be of fruits and vegetables.",
"He later abandoned still lifes for religious figures after joining a Carthusian monastery."
],
[
"Composition",
"''Still Life with Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber'', commonly known as ''Quince, Cabbage, Melon and Cucumber'', was painted c. 1602.It is an oil on canvas painting.",
"In the painting, the titular food items are displayed on a window ledge, left to right.",
"The quince and cabbage are suspended above the ledge by a thread, which was a common way of preserving food in the 17th century.",
"It is classified as a ''bodegón.",
"''The painting is notable for its sculpture-like rendering of the food, as well as its illusory perspective; the cabbage and quince seem to be pushed backward from the melon, and the cucumber in front of it.",
"Author Hanneke Grootenboer notes a strong contrast between the detail of the objects and the black background; even without any depth portrayed in the background, the depth can still be felt.",
"Author Norman Bryson notes how the objects seem to be divorced from their purpose as a means of people's nourishment, which is derived from the objects' motionless and weightlessness, comparative to other still lifes.",
"The order of the geometric shapes are used in the painting not as a tool to help illustrate the subject, but the geometrical order seems to be \"explored for its own sake\".",
"The separation between the objects and their purpose as nourishment may be intentional, as fasting was practiced by the Carthusians in an attempt to distance the human body from the material world.",
"The black background may add to this idea.",
"As author Siri Hustvedt writes, \"This space can't be seen as a reference to any actual space.",
"It is intentionally unreal and abstract, and it the background represents not a solid wall but infinity.",
"This is food as sacred gift shining inside a system of precise relations ordained by God\".",
"Cotán joined the Carthusians in 1603 or 1604, yet they are still seen as an influence."
],
[
"Legacy",
"In 1818, the exiled former king of Spain, Joseph Bonaparte, sold the painting to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.",
"The painting is currently on display at the San Diego Museum of Art.",
"John Marciari, the museum's curator of European art, said the painting is \"universally acclaimed\" as Cotán's masterpiece.",
"For many years, the painting's purpose and historical background have been debated.American painter John Clem Clarke did a photorealistic version of the artwork in 1970.In 2006, Israeli photographer Ori Gersht recreated the painting, but replaced the quince with a pomegranate, which was then hit with a bullet to represent violence in Jerusalem."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"*Shimamura, Arhur (2015).",
"''Experiencing Art: In the Brain of the Beholder'', Oxford University Press.",
"ISBN 9780199791538* Grootenboer, Hanneke (2005.)",
"''The Rhetoric of Perspective: Realism and Illusionism in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Still-Life Painting'', University of Chicago Press.",
"ISBN 9780226309705* Bryson, Norman (2013).",
"''Looking at the Overlooked: Four Essays on Still Life Painting'', Reaktion Books.",
"ISBN 9781780232522* Hustvedt, Siri (1998).",
"''Yonder: Essays'', Henry Holt and Company.",
"ISBN 9780805050110* Hustvedt, Siri (2006).",
"''Mysteries of the Rectangle: Essays on Painting'', Princeton Architectural Press.",
"ISBN 9781568986180* Hodge, A.N.",
"(2016).",
"''The History of Art'', Rosen Publishing Group.",
"ISBN 9781499464030* Kallendorf, Hilaire (2018).",
"A Companion to the Spanish Renaissance, Brill.",
"ISBN 9789004360372 * Robbins, Jeremy (2022).",
"''Incomparable Realms: Spain During the Golden Age, 1500–1700'', Reaktion Books.",
"ISBN 9781789145380* Jane Milosch, Nick Pearce (2019).",
"''Collecting and Provenance: A Multidisciplinary Approach'', Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.",
"ISBN 9781538127582* Holt, Elizabeth Gilmore (2022).",
"''A Documentary History of Art, Volume 2: Michelangelo and the Mannerists, The Baroque and the Eighteenth Century'', Princeton University Press.",
"ISBN 9780691242910"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Courtauld bag"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Image of the Courtauld bagOther side of the bag.",
"The rectangular hole was added later for a padlock.The '''\"Courtauld bag\"''' is a medieval handbag made of brass and inlaid with gold, silver, and an unidentified black material.",
"Tentatively attributed to Mosul, sometime between 1300 and 1330 when it was ruled by the Ilkhanate, it is believed to be the oldest surviving handbag in the world."
],
[
"Construction",
"The bag is made out of five brass sheets soldered or hinged together.",
"It is inlaid with gold, silver, and a black material that is probably bitumen or conifer resin.",
"The current rings on the bag's sides were probably too small for a strap to fit through, so the original rings were probably larger.",
"The strap is now missing.",
"The inside of the bag is now bare, but it was probably originally lined with fabric or colored leather.The bag's top panel features a court scene with a rhyming Arabic inscription.",
"The court scene features a man and woman seated on a dais, probably representing a Mongol royal couple.",
"To the right of the woman is a servant carrying a mirror and a napkin, with a handbag over his shoulder; this may represent the Courtauld bag itself."
],
[
"Identification",
"The Courtauld bag is tentatively attributed to Mosul under Ilkhanate rule, sometime between 1300 and 1330.According to Rachel Ward, it is the oldest known surviving handbag in the world.",
"Ward says it may specifically have been made during the reign of Öljaitü, between 1304 and 1316, based on stylistic similarities to other items made during his reign.",
"She writes that, based on the court scene on the top, the bag likely belonged to an Ilkhanid noblewoman, since contemporary manuscript illustrations depict page boys carrying handbags next to noblewomen but never next to men.",
"as She writes that the bag may have been commissioned as a diplomatic gift for an Ilkhanid khatun or princess by the ''shihna'' of Mosul during a visit by the royal court to the city.",
"If this was the case, it may have been rarely if ever used, which would explain the relative lack of wear on the bag's reverse.",
"If it was used, the bag would have carried similar items to handbags today: \"a few gold coins in case of tips, makeup, and items the holder does not want on display\"."
],
[
"History",
"At some point after it was originally made, the Courtauld bag seems to have been modified for use as a lockable jewelry box.",
"For example, a ring was added to the top of the lid, and a square of solder was added at the bottom of the inside, which was probably for a metal compartment being soldered inside the bag.",
"There are also traces that a padlock was added on the flap.The bag was acquired by the British art collector Thomas Gambier Parry in 1858, probably in Venice, and his grandson donated it to the Courtauld Institute of Art in 1966.Before its current identification as a woman's handbag, it was variously thought by male academics to be a man's work basket, document wallet, or saddlebag."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Muhammad Abbas Sheikh"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Muhammad Abbas Sheikh''' (also known as Umar Mukhtar) was a militant commander and founder and Chief of The Resistance Front , a separatist organization involved in the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir.",
"He was killed in an encounter with the Indian security forces on August 23, 2021.He had joined militancy in 1996 and was previously associated with Hizbul Mujahideen.",
"He was accused of several attacks on security forces and civilians in Kashmir.",
"He was one of the ten most wanted terrorists in Kashmir.",
"He was also known for reviving militancy in Srinagar and recruiting new militants.",
"He was considered a potent and experienced militant commander with a low profile and a secular stance."
],
[
"Biography",
"Muhammad Abbas Sheikh was born in 1975 in Rampora village, South Kashmir, Kulgam, to farmer Ghulam Hassan Sheikh.",
"He first joined militancy in 1996 by joining Hizbul Mujahideen.",
"In 2004, he was arrested, and after his release in 2005, he rejoined militancy the same year, leading to another arrest in 2007.After being released in 2011, he briefly worked as a tailor but returned to militancy in March 2014.Since then, he has been actively involved.In the last two years, he shifted his focus to establishing The Resistance Front (TRF) and played a significant role in its formation after leaving Hizbul Mujahideen.",
"According to a police officer, who wished to remain anonymous, Abbas Sheikh was known for his ability to procure weapons.",
"He commanded great respect among militants, who regarded him as a spiritual leader.",
"This reputation contributed to the rapid growth of TRF and attracted several new recruits in a short time.",
"Sheikh was listed among the 'ten most wanted' militants shared by the police in July 2021.In the past six years, Sheikh managed to escape several times during gunfights by breaking through the security cordons.More than two dozen members of his extended family have been militants.",
"He was the sixteenth militant from the immediate family to have been killed in a gunfight.",
"His sister, Naseema Bano, was booked under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) in June 2020 for allegedly aiding militants.",
"Her son, Touseef Sheikh, was involved in militancy and was killed in a gunfight.According to police officials, Sheikh played a crucial role in the insurgency by providing the capability to recruit, motivate, and survive.",
"Police sources also revealed that Sheikh was instrumental in revitalizing militancy in Srinagar, the capital city.",
"Within six months of being declared militancy-free in 2020, Srinagar saw the recruitment of seven new militants, attributed to Sheikh's influence."
],
[
"Other Family members Militancy Record",
"The Sheikh family's involvement in militancy spans generations, with 17 young men lost over the past two decades.",
"Ibrahim, Abbas Sheikh's elder brother, was among the first to take up arms in the early '90s, meeting his end in 1996.Despite the loss, Abbas remained committed to militancy, enduring arrests in 2004 and 2007.His younger brother, Ashraf, also succumbed to the allure of militancy, purchasing an AK-47 but meeting a swift demise within 40 days.",
"The family's anguish deepened as 15 more close relatives, including nephews Asiful Islam and Tawseef Sheikh, followed a similar path, with Tawseef's mother herself facing arrest for alleged involvement.This extends beyond Kulgam, with casualties including paternal cousins Shabir Ahmad Sheikh and Maqbool Ahmad Sheikh.",
"The family's compound bore witness to their sacrifices, highlighting the intimate nature of their losses.",
"Despite the absence of active militants for the first time in decades, the family's sorrow persists, compounded by the memory of Irshad Ahmad Lone, a cousin killed in a non-militant-related army shootout.",
"The resilience of the Sheikh family underscores the enduring impact of militancy on Kashmiri communities, a painful legacy etched into their shared history.Ashraf's involvement in militancy was short-lived, as he was killed within 40 days of joining the militant rank Between Ibrahim and Sheikh, the family has lost 15 other young men who became militants.",
"\"In fact, this is the first time since the early 1990s that the family does not have an active militant.All 15 of the slain militants were close relatives of Sheikh and his family, not distant ones.",
"This included their two nephews, Asiful Islam and Tawseef Sheikh, who were sons of their sisters.Tawseef's mother was arrested and spent over a year in jail.",
"She was accused of motivating young men to join militants ranks.Shabbir Ahmad Sheikh and Maqbool Ahmad Sheikh, paternal cousins of Sheikh, both lost their lives after joining the militant ranks.",
"They lived in the same compound as Abbas Sheikh's family.The Sheikh family has tragically lost 15 close relatives, including two nephews, to militancy.",
"Tawseef's mother was jailed for allegedly motivating young men to join militants.",
"Paternal cousins Shabir Ahmad Sheikh and Maqbool Ahmad Sheikh were among the casualties.",
"The chain of militants extended beyond Kulgam, including relatives from Bijbehara, Tral, and Shopian districts.",
"Despite the losses, the family's tragedy also included a cousin, Irshad Ahmad Lone, killed in a non-militant-related army shootout."
],
[
"Death",
"In a brazen daylight operation, Abbas Sheikh and his associate Saqib Manzoor Dar were killed by Jammu and Kashmir Police Aloochi bagh in Srinagar on August 23, 2021.Inspector General Vijay Kumar stated that 10 plainclothes officers warned the militants before exchanging gunfire.",
"Abbas, known for inciting youth to join militants, was buried far from home in Wudder Payeen Handwara, with restricted attendance at the funeral.",
"Eyewitnesses described chaos as police surrounded the scene, emptying the area within moments."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"St Matthew's Baths"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''St Matthew's Baths''' was a swimming venue in Ipswich that opened in 1924 and closed in 1984."
],
[
"Design, construction and funding",
"The original brick building cost around £22,770 when it opened in 1924.The pool consisted of a 75x30 ft (22.9x9.1m) 6-lane.",
"It had a balcony for 200 spectators and 21 slipper baths, which were useful for a time when many houses had no bathrooms.",
"The pool was used for recreational swimming, swimming lessons, as a music venue, competitions and even the annual Ipswich Police swimming gala.",
"The pool closed for use in 1984.The building is currently hidden behind a Tesco store."
],
[
"Baths Hall - Music venue and other events",
"During the winter months a sprung maple floor, which was known to bounce, would cover the pool for concerts and other events It was in heavy demand after the local Public Hall burned down in 1947.In the winter months in late 11958, promoters Nanda and Ron Lesley ran the very successful Ipswich Jazz Club, called Ipswich Bluesville, held on a Monday evening.",
"During this tenure, Ipswich Bluesville hosted the TV show Ready Steady Go.During the late 1960s up to 1975, notable jazz musicians and rock legends played Bath Halls.",
"Live acts included - * Eric Clapton with Cream, * Rod Stewart* The Move* The Who* Deep Purple* Jimmy James and the Vagabonds* John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers* Sweet* Camel* Focus*Status Quo*Brian Auger*John Baldry*Graham Bond*Chicken Shack*Keith Emerson*Fleetwood Mac*Jethro Tull*Zoot Money*Spencer Davies*Steampacket*The Equals*The Herd*Traffic*Kenny Ball*Chris Barber*Acker Bilk*Mike Cotton*Ken Colyer*Mike Daniels and the Delta Jazz Band*Alan Elsden*Terry Lightfoot*Humphrey Lyttelton*Bob WallisLed Zeppelin.",
"Led Zeppelin opened the night with Immigrant Song and gig went on to be named \"Suffolk's greatest gig\" and a poster for the gig taken off the wall that night sold for £2000 in 2014.During the 1960s and 70s, events also ranged from boxing, wrestling, a model engineering exhibition to a table tennis club, keep fit sessions, a hairdressing competitions, the WI AGM, youth club, skiffle group competition, and the News of the World Darts Tournament."
],
[
"Closure",
"In the 1970s the Ipswich Corn Exchange became the entertainment centre, so all year round swimming took place at St Matthew's until it was sold to developers after the opening the new Crown Pools in 1984."
],
[
"Recent developments",
"The Bath Hall's original pool was permanently covered and a first floor created.",
"It re-opened as The Gym Ipswich on the upper level but closed in 2020, due to COVID19 restrictions.In 2021, the Baths Hall was opened again and the ground floor was turned into a new music venue for Ipswich, named The Baths.",
"It brings music back to the venue full circle and has hosted Pigsx7, The Orielles, Field Music, This Is The Kit, Porridge Radio, and The Orb.The original arches and ceiling windows can still be viewed on the upper floor."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* The Baths"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Cairns Unity Team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Cairns Unity Team''', also known as '''Cairns Unity''', the '''Unity Team''' or simply '''Unity''', is an Australian political party that competes in local elections for Cairns Regional Council.",
"Since 2012, it has been the dominant group on council, currently holding a majority.Kevin Byrne, a former mayor who was defeated in 2008, had previously run his team under the name of \"Cairns Unity Team\"."
],
[
"History",
"In January 2012, Bob Manning announced his intention to run for mayor of Cairns at the local government elections with a team of candidates under the name \"Unity 2012\".",
"Manning considered the team to be apolitical.",
"He was elected mayor with 55.61% of the vote, and six Unity councillors were successful.Manning was re-elected in 2016, with Unity running in seven of nine wards.In 2020, Manning was elected to a third term with 81.25% of the vote after preferences.",
"Six Unity councillors were elected, giving the party a majority on the council.Manning resigned as mayor in November 2023.Unity councillor Terry James was appointed as his replacement until the 2024 election, while Jeremy Neal (also a Unity member) was appointed to replace James in Division 4."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ilihue"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ilihue''' is a village located in the commune of Lago Ranco in Los Ríos Region, southern Chile.",
"According to the 2013 census, it had a population of approximately 650 inhabitants.It is an area known for being a highly touristic place because it is located in front of Lago Ranco, being a popular place to host hotels, cabins and restaurants.",
"Currently, it is divided into two sectors, which are '''Ilihue Alto''' and '''Ilihue Bajo'''.In this village is the Ilihue Private School, as well as green areas and the Ilihue Bajo Golf Course.",
"In Ilihue, there is also the Salto Los Mañíos, a trail that stands out for its nature and for the waterfall that flows into the Iculpe River."
],
[
"History",
"The village of Ilihue gained recognition in February 2024, where it was announced that it was the place where the helicopter of the politician, commercial engineer and former president of Chile, Sebastián Piñera, crashed in Lake Ranco due to a helicopter accident, while he was accompanied by three other people, resulting in Piñera himself killed and three injured.",
"The event occurred on 6 February 2024 at 14:57 (UTC-3), being confirmed that same day around 17:00."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Patricio Ricketts"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Patricio Ricketts Rey de Castro''' (19 May 1924 – 3 February 2024) was a Peruvian journalist and politician.",
"He served as Minister of Labor and Social Promotion from July to August 1983 and Minister of Education from 1983 to 1984.Ricketts died in Lima on 3 February 2024, at the age of 99."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Columbus Didn't Discover Us"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Columbus Didn't Discover Us''''' is a 1992 American short documentary film directed and co-edited by Robbie Leppzer.",
"It was filmed at the First Continental Conference on 500 Years of Indian Resistance in Quito, Ecuador, in 1990.",
"''Columbus Didn't Discover Us'' screened on May 16, 1992, in Deerfield, Massachusetts, as part of an exhibition titled ''1492–1992: Many Voices Many Views''.",
"The exhibition coincided with the Columbus Quincentenary, the 500th anniversary of the first of the voyages of Christopher Columbus."
],
[
"Home media",
"''Columbus Didn't Discover Us'' was released on VHS."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2007 CAR Women's Sevens"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2007 CAR Women's Sevens''' was a regional tournament that took place on 16 June 2007 at the Kyadondo Rugby Club in Kampala, Uganda.",
"Emerging South Africa won the tournament after defeating Uganda in the Cup final."
],
[
"Teams",
"Ten teams competed at the tournament:"
],
[
"Pool Stages",
"=== Pool One === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 4 0 0 125 24 3 0 1 98 38 2 0 2 37 47 1 0 3 90 41 0 0 4 0 200Source: === Pool Two === Nation Won Drawn Lost For Against 4 0 0 129 10 3 0 1 109 27 Pretoria University Tukkies 2 0 2 85 40 1 0 3 24 122 0 0 4 5 153Source:"
],
[
"Classification Stages",
"=== Plate Semi-finals ====== Cup Semi-finals ===Source:"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Collective Pictures"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Collective Pictures''' is a Canadian production company founded in 2010 by Jeff Chan and based in Toronto, ON.Notable work includes the ''Code 8'' sci-fi film franchise and the romantic drama ''Float''.",
"Collective was formerly known as Colony Pictures."
],
[
"History",
"Chan, one of ''Playback''‘s “5 to Watch” in 2014, rose to prominence after creating the viral Activision short film ''Find Makarov''.",
"Activision initially threatened to sue Chan because fans believed a new version of the game was being released.",
"But after seeing the strong audience response, Activision hired him to create its first and only short film for ''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare III'', entitled ''Find Makarov: Operation Kingsfish''.=== Code 8 Series ===Collective Pictures released a 10-minute short film entitled ''Code 8'' on YouTube in March 2016.Centred around the 4% of people living in fictional Lincoln City who possess special abilities, the sci-fi fantasy stressed individual power over technological superiority and military authority.",
"The short has accumulated over 6.9 million views as of January 2024.The short acted as a teaser for the potential feature film.",
"An Indiegogo fundraising campaign, spearheaded by Collective, Robbie Amell, and Stephen Amell, asking for $200,000 was launched on March 23, 2016.The campaign reached its goal within 36 hours and reached $2.4 million by April 24, 2016.Fundraising closed with $3.4 million on December 31, 2019, with the continued campaign helping recover costs of DVD pressings and the distribution to contributors of perks, wardrobe and props from the production.",
"A four-minute segment of the film's closing credits shows a list of only some of the 30,810 contributors to the fundraising campaign.",
"The first announcement of additional cast came on June 12, 2017, when Laysla De Oliveira joined the film.",
"''Code 8'' set the record for the highest grossing day-and-date release for Elevation Pictures in Canada and Vertical Entertainment in the U.S., eventually earning $5 million in VOD revenue through Apple, Amazon and Vudu.",
"The film, also financed by Telefilm and U.K. based Fyzz Facility, reached No.",
"1 on Netflix's Top 10 list in the U.S., France, Australia, UK, Mexico and Brazil.",
"Following ''Code 8'''s success, a sequel was announced in June 2021.On June 1, 2021, it was announced Robbie Amell and Stephen Amell would produce the sequel alongside Collective and reprise their roles from the original film.",
"On June 14, Ted Sarandos announced Netflix had acquired the rights to the feature film and would release it exclusively to their platform.",
"Filming was scheduled to begin in Toronto in October 2021.Cast members confirmed filming had begun in November 2021, with Amell teasing the possibility of ''Code 8: Part III''.",
"''Code 8: Part II'' began filming in the fourth quarter of 2021 and will be released February 28, 2024 on Netflix.=== Other projects ===In September 2020, it was announced that Wattpad and Collective Pictures would team up to develop ''Float,'' a film based on the story written by Kate Marchant on the Wattpad social storytelling platform.",
"The film, directed by Sherren Lee, was released on February 9, 2024."
],
[
"Crowdfunding",
"Collective raised $2.4 million CAD (US$1.1 million) from more than 30,000 supporters for ''Code 8'' (2016) on the crowdfunding site Indiegogo.",
"This far exceeded its initial $200,000 goal, making it the largest-ever crowdfunded campaign for a Canadian film on any crowdfunding platform."
],
[
"Filmography",
" Film Year Film title Director Notes 2016 ''Code 8 (short film'') Jeff Chan distributed by YouTube2019 ''Code 8''Jeff Chan distributed by Vertical Entertainment2024 ''Float''Sherren Lee distributed by Lionsgate Films and Elevation Pictures ''Code 8: Part II''Jeff Chan distributed by Netflix and XYZ Films"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"John Malcolm (Canadian farmer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Advertisement made by Robert Malcolm'''John Malcolm''' (May 21, 1830August 24, 1865) was a farmer and an early Scottish settler of Malvern, Canada.",
"Malcolm and his brother, Robert (1832-1908) co-operated the Speed the Plough Inn, and Malcolm's other brother, Duncan Malcolm (1834-1909) was a merchant in the community."
],
[
"Early life",
"John Malcolm was born May 21, 1830, in Glasgow, Scotland to Archibald Malcolm (1784-1861) and Elizabeth Waddell (1797-1884), and was baptized on June 20, 1830 at the know defunct Hutchesontown United Presbyterian Church.",
"In 1834, His family immigrated from Glasgow via sailing boat and docked at Kingston, Ontario.",
"From there, the family journeyed by ox-team and wagon to Scarborough, Ontario.",
"Archibald Malcolm bought a 200-acre farm near modern-day Malvern, and later sold the northern half of the farm to John in 1855."
],
[
"Family",
"John Malcolm married Letitia Moyle (1830-1891), who was the niece of Hugh and Edward Thomson, on July 18, 1850, and together they had 7 children:* Archibald (1852-1910)* Elizabeth (1853-1919)* James (1855-1937)* Christina (1858-1891)* John (1859-1935)* Andrew (1861-1914)* Robert \"Alex\" (1864-1933)=== Ancestry ===The Malcolm family had lived in the city of Auchterarder for several generations, the earliest confirmed member of the Malcolm family was Andrew Malcome, who was born in Lennoxtown around 1421, but later moved to Auchterarder.",
"John's great-grandfather, Andrew Malcolm Sr. (born 1711) who was a descendant of Clan Moncreiffe, moved from Auchterarder to Killearn in the 1730s."
],
[
"Career",
"Malcolm was a successful farmer and was a breeder of livestock.",
"Malcolm is known to have won several ribbons at the annual ''Scarborough Fall Fair'', due to his entries of several animals, such as horses, sheep, cattle, and more.",
"Malcolm named the farm \"Clydebank\", named after the Scottish town of Clydebank.",
"Malcolm, along with his brother Robert, who was known as ''Malcolm the Saddler'', co-operated the Speed the Plough Inn and a harness shop near their home.",
"John operated the Inn until he purchased the northern half of the Clydebank farm."
],
[
"Death and legacy",
"John Malcolm died from unknown causes on August 24, 1865, and was buried at ''Saint Andrew's Presbyterian Church Cemetery''.",
"After Malcolm's death, his property was purchased by another Scottish-Canadian farmer named William Purdie.",
"According to the book \"The Ontario Village of Brougham: Past!",
"Present!",
"Future?\"",
"by ''Robert Miller'', There is a legend in John's family that he was born on the boat his family immigrated on."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Spike Fearn"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Spike Fearn''' is an English actor."
],
[
"Early life and career",
"Born in Leicestershire, Fearn began his career with small roles in films such as ''Sweetheart'', ''The Batman'' and ''Aftersun''.In August 2021, he was cast as one of the leads in the ITV2 drama series ''Tell Me Everything''.",
"In October 2022, he was cast in a television series adaptation of the Kazuo Ishiguro novel ''Never Let Me Go'' greenlit at FX, however the series was cancelled before production began in February 2023.Fearn will next star in ''Alien: Romulus'', a new instalment in the ''Alien'' franchise directed by Fede Álvarez, and in the James L. Brooks film ''Ella McCay''."
],
[
"Filmography",
"===Film=== Year Title Role Notes 2021 ''Sweetheart'' Elvis 2022 ''The Batman'' Vandal ''Aftersun'' Olly 2024 Post-production TBA Filming===Television=== Year Title Role Notes 2021 ''The Amazing Mr. Blunden'' Tom Television film 2022 ''Newark, Newark'' Jack 3 episodes 2022 ''Tell Me Everything'' Louis Main role, 6 episodes"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Spike Fearn at the Internet Movie Database"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Márcia Marinho"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Márcia Regina Serejo Marinho''' (22 October 1963 – 3 February 2024) was a Brazilian doctor and politician.",
"A member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party and the Democrats, she served in the Chamber of Deputies from 1995 to 2001.Marinho died of cancer in Teresina on 3 February 2024, at the age of 60."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Dependent"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Dependent''''' is a 1795 comedy play by the British writer Richard Cumberland.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 20 October 1795.The original cast included Thomas King as Lord Leverington, Richard Suett as Sir Clement Canteser, John Philip Kemble as Edmund D'Alincourt, James Aickin as Carrington, John Bannister as Gabriel Wrinkle, George Wathen as Isaac, John Phillimore as Thomas, Walter Maddocks as Harry, Jane Pope as Mrs Margaret and Elizabeth Farren as Jane."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Rui Patrício (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rui Manuel de Medeiros d'Espinay Patrício''' (17 August 1932 – 4 February 2024) was a Portuguese jurist and politician.",
"A member of the National Union, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1970 to 1974.Patrício died in Rio de Janeiro on 4 February 2024, at the age of 91."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Andrea Del Santo"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Andrea Carlo Agostino Del Santo''' (Genoa, 16 October 1830 – Genoa, 7 February 1905) was an Italian admiral and politician who briefly served as Minister of the Navy of the Kingdom of Italy."
],
[
"Early life and Sardinian navy",
"Andrea was the son of Angelo Del Santo, a general of the Kingdom of Sardinia and his wife Rosa Millelire.",
"He studied at the Royal Navy School in Genoa, graduating on 20 April 1848 with the rank of ensign.",
"He took part in the First Italian War of Independence with the Royal Sardinian Navy on board the frigate ''San Michele'', blockading Trieste, bombing Austrian forts near Venice and intercepting Austrian merchant ships.",
"Promoted to second lieutenant in June 1850 he was sent on the brig ''Colombo'' to Montevideo; here he took command of the armed schooner ''Generoso'' and from August to October 1851 he was involved in the protection of Sardinian subjects in Uruguay during the Platine War.Promoted to Lieutenant in July 1855, he took part in the Sardinian expeditionary corps in the Crimean War.",
"In 1859 he was sent to the Adriatic again under the command of :it: Edoardo Tholosano to attack Venice but the Armistice of Villafranca was signed before the action began."
],
[
"Italian navy",
"The ''Maria Adelaide'' at the seige of AnconaServing aboard the steam frigate ''Maria Adelaide'', he earned a silver medal for military valor during the bombardment of the Ancona batteries under Carlo Pellion di Persano, and an honourable mention at Mola di Gaeta (Formia) where the Sardinian ships supported troops crossing the Garigliano.",
"Soon after, in command of the ''Ichnusa'' he was made responsible for monitoring the movements of Garibaldi who had retreated to the island of Caprera.",
"In 1860 he took part in the siege of Gaeta and was promoted to frigate captain in 1861.the ''Re d’Italia'' sinking after being rammed at LissaIn 1864 Del Santo was made an Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus for his role in rescuing the ''Re Galantuomo'' which had been damaged by storms.",
"He chartered a steamer, the ''Northern Star'', to join the international search for the ship which was feared lost in the Atlantic with 400 people on board, and spent eleven days looking for it.",
"It was eventually found and returned safely to Naples.",
"In 1866 as Admiral Persano's deputy chief of staff, he took part in the battle of Lissa aboard the ironclad ''Re d'Italia''.",
"When the ship was rammed and sinking he continued to fight and threw himself into the water only a few moments before it went down; clinging to a makeshift raft of debris he was spotted just before nightfall and picked up by a launch from the ''Principe Umberto''.",
"He was later called to testify at the Senate trial of Admiral Persano.the ''Garibaldi''Del Santo was promoted to full captain in December 1867, and assigned to supervise the scientific and technical education of Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa.",
"With Del Santo in command, the prince on board as an ensign and the botanist Federico Delpino leading the scientific work, the frigate ''Garibaldi'' left Naples on 16 November 1872 to circumnavigate the globe.",
"The voyage took 705 days.",
"After a stop in Gibraltar, the ship headed for Rio de Janeiro, from where, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, it arrived in Australia.",
"From there, passing near Fiji, it arrived in Japan in August 1873.After two months in Japanese waters, the ''Garibaldi'' resumed its journey towards San Francisco.",
"From there it then stopped in Callao and Valparaíso, rounded Cape Horn and arrived in Montevideo before making back for La Spezia.On his return Del Santo assumed new duties.",
"He had already served as commander of the second division of the naval school and was now appointed commander in chief of the maritime department of Naples.",
"In 1878 he became aide-de-camp to king Umberto I.",
"Later general secretary at the Ministry of the Navy, he became the first commander of the new Naval Academy of Livorno in November 1881.He was promoted to rear admiral in 1877 and then to vice admiral on 17 November 1883 at the same time as he was made a minister."
],
[
"Ministerial career",
"Del Santo had never been elected to Parliament and had no links to any political party.",
"This allowed Prime Minister Agostino Depretis to bring him into the cabinet so as to dissipate the political tensions attracted by his predecessor Ferdinando Acton.",
"Partly for reasons of economy and partly because he wanted to scale up Italy’s navy rapidly, Acton focused on building up a force of small, fast and affordable ships.",
"His persistent critics Benedetto Brin and Simone Antonio Saint-Bon urged the building of large battleships instead.",
"Eventually the polemic against Acton became unbearable, and he resigned.Del Santo hesitated to take his place, and did nothing to attract controversy during the brief months in which he served in cabinet.",
"In order to serve he ran for office in a by election in Genoa on 16 December and was sworn in in 28 January 1884.His uneventful tenure as minister ended in March 1884 when the government resigned; when Depretis immediately formed his sixth government, he gave Benedetto Brin the navy portfolio.",
"Del Santo remained in the Chamber of Deputies until 1886.He was nominated as a senator in 1890 but never took his oath of office or served as such."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Alma Larson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Alma Larson''' (May 21, 1932 – September 2, 2012) was an American politician.",
"She served as Secretary of State of South Dakota from 1965 to 1973."
],
[
"Life and career",
"Larson was born in Vivian, South Dakota.",
"She attended Vivian High School.Larson served as Secretary of State of South Dakota from 1965 to 1973.Larson died on September 2, 2012, at the age of 80."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ira Branham"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ira Edsel Branham''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1999 to 2003.Branham was first elected in 1998 after incumbent representative Herbert Deskins retired.",
"He did not seek reelection in 2002 when redistricting moved fellow incumbent Howard Cornett from the 91st to the 94th district."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Beaugerais Abbey"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Beaugerais Abbey''' (or '''Baugerais Abbey''') is a former Cistercian abbey, located in what is now the commune of Loché-sur-Indrois, in the Indre-et-Loire département of France.Founded in the mid-11th century by a hermit supported by the Augustinians of Sainte-Barbe-en-Auge Abbey (Mézidon-Canon, Calvados), it soon came under the control of the Cistercians of Louroux Abbey; Two centuries of wealth followed, thanks to numerous donations from lords and wealthy landowners, but Beaugerais was located in an area where abbeys and priories were already numerous, leading to a number of \"neighborhood conflicts\".",
"From the first half of the 14th century onwards, the situation changed dramatically: donations stopped, the abbey had to contribute financially to the Hundred Years' War, the buildings were looted and possibly partially destroyed by the English in the 1360s, or at least the buildings were extensively refurbished and a new abbey church built.",
"A century later, Beaugerais Abbey came under the commende regime, one of its most famous abbots being Michel de Marolles in the 17th century.",
"The abbey recovered temporarily, and its buildings were rebuilt, but the number of monks declined inexorably.",
"By the time of the French Revolution, only two monks remained.",
"The abbey was sold as ''bien national'' in 1792 and most of the buildings destroyed less than ten years later.In the 21st century, all that remains of the Beaugerais buildings is the nave of the first abbey church, with one of its bays removed - the choir and transept have disappeared -, a few sections of wall attributable to a second abbey church and a very small part of the cloister.",
"These remains are listed as monument historique."
],
[
"Location",
"In modern geographic terms, Beaugerais Abbey is located in the south-western part of the vast territory of the Loché-sur-Indrois commune, 4.5 km south-south-west of the main town and 1.5 km north-east of the communal boundary with Saint-Cyran-du-Jambot in the neighboring Indre department, these distances being indicated \"as the crow flies\".The abbey site at the edge of the Beaugerais woods.The abbey is set slightly above the Beaugerais stream, on the edge of the Beaugerais woods, the last outcrop of the Loches forest.",
"At the time of the establishment's foundation, the forest was much more present in the immediate vicinity of Beaugerais, but it was cleared on the initiative of the monks; the abbey was then directly served by the road from Montrésor to Châtillon-sur-Indre, still visible on the , which put its isolation into perspective.",
"In the 21st century, this road has been reduced to a simple footpath, with access to the site via a dead-end road branching off the road from Loché-sur-Indrois to Châtillon-sur-Indre.",
"This road was probably used by pilgrims traveling from northern France to Santiago de Compostela via Orléans and Limoges."
],
[
"History",
"=== Toponymy ===The name ''Beaugerais'' could be an evolution of the Gallic ''balcos'', designating the muddy, vegetation-trodden lodging of a wild animal; it could also be derived from the anthroponym Bauger, common in the region.",
"The same Beaugerais toponym is found in Argy and Arpheuilles, in the Indre department, where it refers to former possessions of the Cistercian abbey of Loché.=== Foundation ===In the early 1150s, a man named Serlon and a few companions settled on the edge of the Loches forest, perhaps on the banks of the Beaugerais stream.",
"The proximity of a pilgrimage route may have been a factor in their choice of this location, as the hermits occasionally served as guides for travelers crossing the forest in exchange for alms.",
"As early as 1153, this settlement was confirmed by donations made by four local knights leaving for the Holy Land after the Second Crusade, Renaud de Sennevières, Ulric de Châtillon, Archambaud d'Argy and Guillaume de Montrésor - and by some forty other local notables; Barthélémy, perhaps the parish priest of Loché, was also involved in this foundation.",
"Shortly afterwards, Augustinian canons from Sainte-Barbe-en-Auge (Mézidon-Canon) reinforced the hermitage, which was transformed into a monastery, as confirmed by a charter from Henry II of England, who refers to the site as ''Baugeseyum''.By 1172, the spiritual and material situation of the new monastery appeared to be precarious, both because of dissensions among the monks over the direction to be taken by their community, and because of the limited means at their disposal.",
"The Cistercians of Louroux were called in to help Beaugerais.",
"It was a true refoundation, which took place at an undefined date between 1177 and 1189, probably accompanied by a transfer of the abbey site to new buildings a little further away from the stream, affiliation to the Cistercian order having perhaps been the condition imposed for the abbey's material recovery.",
"A charter establishing the monks' new rights was drawn up after the fact, and solemnly signed by Henry II, King of England, who ruled the western half of France at the time.",
"The abbey church may have been consecrated in 1184, as was its high altar; it is possible, however, that at this date, construction of the abbey church had not yet been completed, but that its choir had been built and the consecration of its altar made it possible to celebrate services there.",
"On this occasion, the church would have been endowed with relics of Saint Eusice from Selles-en-Berry, Saint Julien of Le Mans and Saint Ours from Loches, as well as Thomas Becket and the True Cross.=== Initial prosperity ===The Beaugerais outbuildings around 1630.The number of monks originally present is not specified.",
"However, the Carta Caritatis (\"charter of charity\") drawn up under the leadership of Étienne Harding clearly states that any new foundation, in order to qualify as an \"abbey\", must be served, in addition to the abbot, by twelve monks (not counting the lay brothers).The abbey benefited from numerous donations (farms, land) from local lords, and its possessions extended far beyond the present-day Indre-et-Loire department, as it controlled estates in the Indre berrichonne.",
"However, the abbeys of Landais (in Frédille) and (in Poulaines), other Cistercian foundations in the Indre region, seemed concerned by the presence of this newcomer; under the terms of an agreement signed as early as 1171, they ensured that Beaugerais' possessions could no longer extend in their direction, and in exchange undertook not to expand towards Beaugerais, without however calling into question the donations made in the past.",
"As the Chartreuse du Liget, also created at Henry II's instigation, the Abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin, founded in the 9th century, and the Grandmont priory of Villiers, a contemporary of Beaugerais, were already blocking access to the territories to the north, donations to Beaugerais were mainly concentrated to the west and in the Indre valley, to the southwest.",
"The figure \"Beaugerais dependencies circa 1630\", although based on data from the modern era, shows how Beaugerais territories fit into the existing monastic network.",
"In addition to its numerous territorial possessions, the abbey also acquired a substantial library, much of which was found in Caen before the end of the 11th century by Geoffroy de Breteuil, prior of Beaugerais from Sainte-Barbe-en-Auge, who died in 1194.Correspondence between Geoffroy de Breteuil and Jean, the first abbot of Beaugerais, provides valuable information on the early history of the abbey.Throughout the 13th century, donations to the abbey continued to be made by lords from Berry and Touraine, but it is difficult to draw up an accurate, detailed inventory at any given date, as Beaugerais ceded part of its holdings in return for rent.=== Financial difficulties and conflicts ===From the beginning of the 14th century, donations to the abbey began to dwindle, and abbots had to insist on recovering the sums owed to the abbey for, among other things, the upkeep and refurbishment of the buildings.",
"Some abbots, such as Denis at the beginning of the 14th century, were so insistent (with threats of excommunication, exaggerated demands) that a letter from Philip the Fair was needed to encourage them to use \"softer\" methods.",
"Around the middle of the 14th century, donations to the abbey ceased for good, as the monastery had to pay taxes to the kingdom to finance the Hundred Years' War.",
"Beaugerais suffered directly from the consequences of this conflict, its buildings being devastated - their partial destruction, mentioned in chronicles of the period, cannot be attested to by available archaeological sources - and the monks certainly forced to take refuge in one of the abbey's possessions at Beaulieu-lès-Loches.",
"In a charter dated August 23, 1438, King Charles VII granted Beaugerais the right to build fortifications to protect the abbey; in the complete absence of remains, it is not known whether this authorization was followed by action, even though other letters from Charles VII appoint Jean de Prie as captain of the fortress.In 1333, a document listing the financial resources of all Cistercian abbeys in the kingdom of France, by virtue of their contribution to the decime, revealed that Beaugerais was one of a group of around twenty male abbeys (out of almost two hundred) whose tax payments amounted to just one hundred sous per annum, placing it among the poorest of the French Bernardine establishments.Representation of the tomb of Jean II Le Meingre, known as Boucicaut, former basilica of Saint-Martin de Tours.The abbey's financial situation in the 15th century was a real cause for concern: around 1450, faced with major building repairs, it was only able to contribute 30 sous to a request for financial aid from the abbot general of Cîteaux, and was repeatedly exempted from various taxes and contributions.",
"From this time on - and the situation would persist over the centuries - conflicts arose between the monks of the abbey and the secular clergy of the parish of Loché, each anxious to preserve their prerogatives in the areas of processions, feasts, burials, but above all with regard to the taxes to be levied.The most recent studies (1998-1999) and the re-reading of ancient texts suggest that the first church, whose nave has survived into the 21st century, was disused at a relatively early date (14th or 15th century) and refurbished on several levels with the construction of floors; the installation of a stone sink shows that its new use was domestic.",
"In place of the transept and nave, another, larger abbey church was built, the layout of which is unknown; it has almost completely disappeared.",
"The reasons for this transfer of the place of worship have yet to be defined, as the dilapidated state of the original building does not seem to be a valid reason.",
"Moreover, no formal link has been established between the restructuring and any damage caused by the Hundred Years' War.According to an ancient tradition, the abbey church was the tomb of Jean II Le Meingre, known as or , who died in 1421.Jacques-Xavier Carré de Busserolle even states that, \"according to tradition\", the tomb was destroyed in 1789 and the bones buried in a pit.",
"Most authors agree, however, that Boucicaut was buried in the Basilica of Saint-Martin in Tours, where his tomb is described in the choir's axial chapel.",
"Other historians support a third theory, that the body was buried in the Basilica of Saint-Martin after the heart had been removed and deposited in Beaugerais.=== Commendation regime ===Michel de MarollesLike almost all abbeys at the same time, towards the end of the Middle Age, the Beaugerais abbey came under the commende regime, probably in 1473.This new regime was generally unfavorable to abbeys whose commendatory abbots, whether religious or lay, used part of the community's income for their own purposes; as they were not resident on site, they generally delegated to the prior the task of de facto administration of the abbey.One of the few mentions of the Wars of Religion in the history of Loché-sur-Indrois concerns Beaugerais: Claude de la Rue, abbot commendataire appointed in 1552, converted to Protestantism in 1560, but only relinquished his office a few years later.",
"Michel de Marolles was only nine years old when he was appointed in 1609, and it was probably his family who managed the abbey during his childhood.",
"As an adult, and although he was abbot commendatory, he took his task very seriously, at least initially: it was he who ordered the reconstruction of part of the buildings.",
"Around this time, at least six or seven monks lived at the abbey (Michel de Marolles mentions a dormitory with ten cells), a number which fell to three at the beginning of the 18th century.",
"The Beaugerais abbey is geographically close to the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Sauveur de Villeloin (10 km as the crow flies) and these two monasteries, although belonging to different orders, have the distinction of having, from 1626 onwards, the same commendatory abbot in the person of Michel de Marolles.",
"However, he soon seemed to abandon Beaugerais in favor of Villeloin, an abbey where the worldly abbot, who liked to associate with the nobility, felt more at ease.=== Revolution and the end of the abbey ===Coat of arms of Beaugerais Abbey in the 18th century.In 1762, the total income of Beaugerais Abbey was 7,300 livres per year, while that of Villeloin amounted to 18,000 livres per year; twelve years later, the abbots commendataires of these two establishments received 2,000 and 4,000 livres per year respectively.",
"At the time of the Revolution, Beaugerais Abbey was closed - after an inventory of the apparently reduced furniture, the seals were affixed on November 12, 1790 - and the last two monks, aged seventy-one (the prior) and fifty-five, left the abbey in exchange for a pension; in any case, it was no longer possible for them to support the monastery.",
"The buildings were sold as ''biens nationaux'' in 1792 and bought back by the former prior, who died before he could benefit from them.",
"In 1799, the new owner transformed the abbey into a farm, after most of the buildings had been demolished and their stones reused in surrounding constructions.",
"The church was even unsuccessfully excavated in search of a hypothetical treasure, before the vaults were demolished.Beaugerais Abbey is listed under number CCCCXXI (421) by Leopold Janauschek in his 1877 work Originum Cisterciensium, a nomenclature of Cistercian abbeys.The nave of the first church and the remains of a cloister gallery have been listed as ''monuments historique'' since January 17, 1938.Beaugerais Abbey is the only one of Touraine's three Cistercian abbeys to have preserved part of its abbey church."
],
[
"Description and architecture",
"Proposed schematic plan of Beaugerais AbbeyThere are no plans of the abbey prior to its destruction, nor are there any early illustrations of the abbey.",
"Abbé Michel Bourderioux proposed a reconstruction in 1984, based on Michel de Marolles' descriptions of the abbey in the 17th century, but apart from the abbey church and cloister, none of the other features can be identified with any certainty.",
"Two documents dated 1678, inspection reports and estimates for building repairs, also give a partial description of the facilities.Despite the paucity of written sources and the scarcity of in situ remains, the buildings of Beaugerais Abbey seem to have been organized in the usual way for a Cistercian abbey, according to a plan that combines a spiritual pole (abbey church, cloister, strictly monastic buildings) to the southwest with a unit that allows the abbey's economic life and the reception of visitors around a bailey to the northeast.Examination of the Napoleonic cadastre (1831) and the modern cadastre (2014) shows that the buildings have changed very little in the intervening years.=== Abbeys ===The first abbey church was dedicated to Notre-Dame.",
"It does not follow the traditional east-west orientation but, exploiting the natural topography of the site, its choir faces north-east; it occupies the highest part of the site.",
"Only the remains of the nave of the first abbey church (11th or 13th century) are still standing and can be described with any certainty.The second abbey church, dating from the 14th century, almost completely disappeared after the French Revolution, having been dismantled by purchasers of this .==== Nave of the first abbey church ====The north-east gable of the former medieval nave.Plan simplifié des vestiges des abbatiales de Beaugerais.The contemporary nave was built at the end of the 11th or beginning of the 13th century, a hypothesis based on the correspondence between written sources and the architectural style of the capitals.",
"It comprises three bays of slightly differing lengths, punctuated by exterior buttresses.",
"At least one additional bay would have extended it to the west, but in its current configuration, it is 18 m long and less than 8 m wide.",
"The gutter walls are just under a metre thick, except in the southernmost bay, where they are 1.20 m thick; this disparity is not explained.",
"The masonry of the walls is a blend of the original regular medium-structure and irregular rubble stone from the restoration campaigns that lasted until the 20th century.",
"The height of the nave is now divided into three levels and an attic, and the interior of the building has been significantly altered by the construction of new wooden floors and dividing walls.",
"However, examination of the vaults confirms that the nave must have extended to the west and east.Each gutter wall is pierced by round-arched bays, one per bay, some of which are partially or completely walled in; these bays are not all set into the walls at the same height.",
"In the second bay, on the south-east side, a door provided access to the cloister.",
"Each nave bay is vaulted with a curved ribbed cross vault, the joints of which were highlighted with red and yellow ochre; the vault supports, engaged pillars, are higher on the north side, and this asymmetry cannot be explained.",
"A tiled gable roof and a hipped roof on the south-west side complete the edifice.While the general plan of Beaugerais seems to conform to the usual layout of Cistercian abbeys, the plan of the abbey church, with its single elongated but relatively narrow nave, seems to be closer to Grandmont's constructions; the austerity of the decoration reinforces this impression - the capitals on which the vaults rest and a saw-tooth molded band running under the bays are the only decorative elements in the abbey church.",
"The vaulting, on the other hand, seems to make use of the Angevin Gothic style in a way unprecedented for a Cistercian building.==== Potential remains of the second abbey church ====Third-point bay at the northeast end of the nave.While the nave of the first abbey church, albeit modified, has been preserved, its transept and choir have disappeared, and the details of their construction are unknown.",
"According to Michel Bourderioux's interpretation, a few rare remains could be linked to them: a pointed arch on the northeast gable of the nave, a third-point bay in the extension and then the beginning of a corner return wall.",
"These would appear to be those of the nave and aisle of the second abbey church, built in the late 14th or early 15th century on the site of the transept and choir of the first building.",
"Michel de Marolles specifies that this \"new church is \"... based on a cross in the form of several of the Order of Cisteaux, is fourteen toises long and four wide inside by seven high\" (27 × 8 m for a height of over 13 m).",
"A slate-and-timbered bell tower, housing two bells at the time of the French Revolution, was to be built over the nave of this new abbey church.The precise layout of this new abbey church is unknown; however, it is highly probable, based on the rare remains, that its nave, of which two bays are still discernible, was built as a continuation of the previous one, but was enlarged by the addition of side aisles.=== Cloister ===All that remains of this layout are four pillars forming part of the northern gallery, against the south-east eaves wall of the abbey church; these pillars, massive in medium thickness and mounted on a small rubble wall, still bear part of the gallery's lean-to roof, which rested on corbels in the nave's eaves wall.",
"This may be the result of the reorganization of the cloister ordered by Michel de Marolles, who had its dimensions reduced.",
"Although this interpretation raises architectural questions, the dimensions of the cloister estimated from the archaeological remains do not correspond to those indicated by Michel de Marolles.=== Other convent facilities ===Known only from written sources, such as those of Michel de Marolles, the buildings have been proposed for reconstruction, but there is no evidence of their location or use.",
"Only a small, recent pavilion with a bread oven remains; the other buildings mentioned are the dormitory and the boiler room - perhaps built as an extension of the south transept - the kitchen, the prior's lodgings and annex buildings, probably around the cloister.",
"Michel de Marolles situated his abbot's dwelling, comprising \"two upper and two lower rooms with their closets\", in the southern part of the monastery enclosure, perhaps independent of the other buildings.",
"A garden, also mentioned by Michel de Marolles, is located in the southern part of the enclosure.To the northeast of the abbey enclosure, various buildings were erected between the 11th and 18th centuries, including barns, stables, a mill, a bakery and a small chapel dedicated to St. John, which was intended for visitors and underwent repairs in the 17th century.",
"The layout of these destroyed buildings is unknown, but the modern buildings erected on their sites still show the layout.One of the buildings, perhaps the guest quarters, was destroyed by fire in 1693 and rebuilt in the early 18th century.Two cemeteries appear to have existed: one within the monastic enclosure, reserved for the monks - some prominent figures even obtained permission to be buried in the abbey church itself - and the other outside, perhaps a few dozen meters to the northwest near the \"métairie des Loges\" buildings, where visitors and pilgrims were buried."
],
[
"The abbey's influence",
"The Cistercian abbey of Beaugerais is a small one, inhabited by a small number of monks.",
"There is no formal evidence to suggest that it had a major spiritual influence in southern Touraine, as did its Benedictine neighbors at Villeloin and the Cartusian abbey at Le Liget.",
"No priories are known to have depended on the abbey.",
"The only building outside the abbey itself that can be attributed to the monks of Beaugerais has not a spiritual but a purely logistical function: it is the Gratte-Paille farm, 2.5 km south of Beaugerais, a Cistercian barn attached to the abbey probably shortly after its foundation.",
"No other building with the same function is attested in the south of the département.However, the existence of buildings, including a chapel, and a cemetery reserved for visitors seems to indicate that Beaugerais exerted an influence on neighboring populations, of a nature and within a perimeter that it is not possible to define.",
"It is also stated that in the 17th century \"processions and an annual fair attracted large numbers of people on certain days\"."
],
[
"Abbés de Beaugerais",
"Seal of the abbots of Baugerais in the 12th and 13th centuries.According to available sources, since joining the Cîteaux Order, thirty-five abbots have succeeded each other as abbot of Beaugerais, nineteen as abbot regular from 1173 to 1472, sixteen as commendatory abbot from 1473 to 1790, two of the latter having served two terms separated by an interruption.Some of the commendatory abbots were laymen.",
"Claude de la Rue, for his part, has the distinction of having been, for at least four years between 1560 and 1564, at the head of a Catholic abbey, even though he was Protestant.",
"Three of the Beaugerais abbots also depended on the Louroux abbey, which can be explained by the special links between the two establishments.",
"For some Beaugerais abbots, the dates of their abbatiate are unknown; for others, only a date during their term of office is attested.In the 12th and 13th centuries, the abbots of Beaugerais all used the same shuttle seal, depicting an arm emerging from a sleeve, holding a crozier and bearing the inscription \"+ SIGILLVM.ABATTIS.DE.BEAVGESEIO\".",
"(seal of Abbé de Beaugerais)."
],
[
"Recent historical and archaeological studies",
"Three studies carried out in the second half of the 20th century shed light on the history and architecture of Beaugerais.In 1970-71, historian Don Guy-Marie Oury set out to study the religious foundations of eremitical origin in Indre-et-Loire, including Beaugerais Abbey, whose early history he described through an analysis of written archives.",
"The study was published in the journal Mabillon.In 1984, Abbé Michel Bourderioux, historian and parish priest of Loché-sur-Indrois, published a long article on the history and architecture of the abbey in the Bulletin de la (SAT).In 1998-1999, Franck Tournadre, as part of his master's thesis in art history and archaeology on the Cistercian abbeys of Touraine, carried out a refined archaeological study of the abbey and a re-reading of ancient texts, enabling him to review the chronology of the abbey and the layout of its architecture; although his thesis was not published in full, he summarized the main information in an article that also appeared in the SAT bulletin in 2000."
],
[
"Bibliography",
"=== Publications dedicated entirely or partially to Beaugerais Abbey ===* * * * === Publications on Touraine history ===* * * *"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"See also",
"* Cistercians* List of Cistercian monasteries in France* Louroux Abbey"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Salman Akram Raja"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Salman Akram Raja''' (), is a Pakistani attorney who has provided legal counsel to numerous prominent Pakistani political figures, including past Prime Ministers of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif and Imran Khan."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Raja was born to Raja Muhammad Akram, who was a senior advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and a member of the Lahore Bar Association, into a Punjabi Rajput family of the Bangial clan with roots in the village of Arazi Hasnal in the Rawalpindi District.He completed his B.A at University of Cambridge, and earned his LL.M degree from Harvard Law School and the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London."
],
[
"Career",
"=== Legal career ===Raja has been practicing law since 1992 and is an advocate at the Supreme Court of Pakistan.",
"He is widely recognized as a leader in dispute resolution, specializing in corporate, taxation, commercial banking, and competition law.",
"With extensive experience in constitutional and administrative law, he has represented clients in notable cases before the Supreme Court of Pakistan, involving constitutional interpretation.",
"Raja was part of the legal team that advocated for Nawaz Sharif during the Panama Papers case.",
"Additionally, Raja provided legal representation for Imran Khan in the Nikah during Iddah case, among other legal matters.=== Academic career ===Raja has served as a Visiting Lecturer in Company and Commercial Law at the Law School of Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan's leading university, focusing his expertise on Constitutional Law.=== Political career ===Raja was a candidate for NA-128 Lahore-XII in the 2024 Pakistani general election, running as a PTI-affiliated independent candidate.",
"Independent journalists such as Secunder Kermani expected him to overwhelmingly win the seat, on the basis of voter interviews.",
"However, while Form 45 from the Election Commission of Pakistan showed Raja with a decisive lead, the more final Form 47 reported Aun Chaudhry of Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party as having won 172,576 votes to Raja's 159,024 votes.",
"Raja, PTI supporters, and independent journalists claimed the ECP Form 47 results showed clear evidence of rigging by the Army, and the Lahore High Court issued a stay on a final declaration of the results by ECP until a hearing could be fixed to investigate the matter."
],
[
"Views",
"=== Human rights and women's rights ===Raja is recognized for his advocacy for human rights and women’s rights in Pakistan.",
"Referring to the 2021 Minar-e-Pakistan mass sexual assault involving a female social media celebrity, he commented that contrary to Pakistan's perceived cultural values of decency, the perpetrators at Minar-e-Pakistan displayed a lack of self-restraint, deviating from societal expectations to protect the victim, or any TikToker.",
"Raja criticized the reactions across various media platforms, which swiftly shifted blame onto the victim, labeling her as an attention-seeking conspirator against Pakistan.",
"He noted how a superficial examination of approved Pakistani textbooks under the Single National Curriculum since 2020 reflects a normative portrayal of girls and women in hijab or purdah, who abstain from activities like music and singing, as the idealized standard of a 'good woman/child', a standard the assaulted woman failed to meet.",
"This portrayal contrasts with Raja's own upbringing and the freedoms he wants for his daughters, who are musicians."
],
[
"Writings",
"Raja has written articles and op-eds for English-language newspapers such as ''Dawn News'' and ''The News International.''",
"His academic publications include:*'Islamisation of Laws in Pakistan,' ''South Asian Journal'', vol.",
"1, no.",
"2, October–December, 2003, pp.",
"94–109."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Treatise of Shem"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''''Treatise of Shem''''' is a pseudepigraphon, likely written in the first century B.C.E, attributed to Shem, the son of Noah.",
"This document is an example of a ''Kalandologion'', and each of the twelve chapters correspond with a sign of the Zodiac, with the writer predicting what will occur if a year falls under a given sign.",
"The text of the Treatise of Shem is preserved in a single fifteenth century Syriac manuscript, currently held at the John Rylands University Library.",
"Alphonse Mingana was the first to translate the document in 1917, but it remained obscure until James H. Charlesworth, then associate professor at Duke University, discovered the treatise among a bundle of papers labeled \"Aesthetica\".",
"Charlesworth initially believed the manuscript to be a medieval forgery, but upon closer examination determined it to be an authentic Jewish document dating to the Roman period."
],
[
"Structure",
"Each chapter of the Treatise of Shem corresponds with an astrological symbol:*Chapter 1 - Aries*Chapter 2 - Taurus*Chapter 3 - Gemini*Chapter 4 - Cancer*Chapter 5 - Leo*Chapter 6 - Virgo*Chapter 7 - Libra*Chapter 8 - Scorpio*Chapter 9 - Sagittarius*Chapter 10 - Capricorn*Chapter 11 - Pisces*Chapter 12 - AquariusThe chapters follow an ascending order of positive outcomes, with the least beneficial sign being Aries, and the most beneficial being Pisces.",
"The Treatise of Shem was originally ordered this way, but the scribe copying the manuscript skipped over Aquarius before inserting in at the end."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"*Alessandro Mengozzi.",
"Trattato di Sem e altri testi astrologici.",
"Testi del vicino oriente antico 7.Paideia Editrice.",
"Brescia.",
"1997.ISBN 9788839405524.NLI catalogue.",
"*Kenneth R Atkinson, \"Astrology and History in the Treatise of Shem: Two Astrological Pseudepigrapha and Their Relevance for Understanding the Astrological Dead Sea Scrolls\" (2006) 14 Qumran Chronicle 37 to 55"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mangiwang F.C."
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Mangiwang Football Club''' is an Indonesian football club based in Makassar, South Sulawesi.",
"They currently compete in the Liga 3 South Sulawesi zone.The name \"Mangiwang\" is taken from the Makassarese language which means \"Shark\"."
],
[
"Honours",
"* '''Liga 3 South Sulawesi'''** Champions: 2023–24"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Catalyst (album)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Catalyst''''' is the upcoming seventh studio album by Swedish heavy metal band Amaranthe.",
"It will be released on 23 February 2024 via Nuclear Blast.",
"It is the first album to feature Mikael Sehlin on harsh vocals."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Personnel",
"===Amaranthe===* Olof Mörck – guitars, keyboards, synthesizers* Elize Ryd – clean vocals (female)* Morten Løwe Sørensen – drums* Johan Andreassen – bass* Nils Molin – clean vocals (male)* Mikael Sehlin – unclean vocals"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mihkel Härms"
],
[
"Introduction",
"thumb'''Mihkel Härms''' (8 February 1874 – 20 September 1941) was an Estonian ornithologist.",
"He worked at the zoological museum of the University of Tartu and became the first professional ornithologist in Estonia.",
"He was a founding member of the Estonian ornithological society (Eesti Ornitoloogiaühing) in 1921."
],
[
"Life and work",
"Härms was born in Vanaküla village, Vana-Koiola Parish (present-day Põlva Parish), in the family of a farmer.",
"He studied in the Otepää parish and at Tartu gymnasium.",
"The family originated in the village of Himmaste, where a maternal uncle of Mihkel, Jakob Hurt, lived and worked as a tutor for the Middendorf family in Hellenurme.",
"His namesake father died in 1890 and his mother Ann died in 1900 and he was then raised by his uncle.",
"He learned to collect and preserve natural history specimens as an eighteen year old from Ernst von Middendorff (1851–1916) and by 1820 the 4000 specimens of the bird collection held in Hellenurme manor came under his care.",
"Along with Middendorf and later on his own he conducted bird surveys to Matsalu Bay (1897), Kuramaa (1898), Northwest Estonia and the Pakri Islands (1898), Arkhangelsk Governorate (1899), Trans-Caspia, Turkestan and Eastern Persia (1900-01).",
"He met and worked with Nikolai Zarudny and corresponded with many other ornithologists around Europe.",
"In 1921 he was involved, along with Johannes Piiper, in the establishment of the Estonian ornithological society in collaboration with the university rector Heinrich Koppel who was married to his sister Sophie Härms.",
"He was involved in organizing the museum of the University of Tartu in 1922.In 1927 he published a catalogue of the birds of Estonia.",
"He retired in 1939.Härms was married firstly in 1903 to Adele Caroline Kõrs (1882–1914).",
"Secondly he married Nadezhda Siirak (born 1888) in 1934.He died from a heart failure in Elva."
],
[
"Published notes",
"* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Kodumaa kullilised (1935)* Eesti linnustik : kodumaa lindude määramise tabelid : süstemaatiline ülevaade ja elu-olu kirjeldus (1927)* Kodumaa röövlindude määraja (1922)* Albinootilisi linde (1935)* Author search"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Navasyellye, Minsk District"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Navasyellye''' (; ) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus.",
"It serves as the administrative center of Harani selsoviet.",
"It is located west of the capital Minsk.",
"In 1999, it had a population of 1,221.In 2010, it had a population of 1,231."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tony Puccio"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Anthony Puccio''' was a professional wrestler best known under the ring names '''Tony Puccio''' and '''Henchman''' and teaming with his brother Val Puccio as \"The Undertakers\" and later as \"Double Trouble\"."
],
[
"Professional wrestling career",
"Trained by Tony Altomare, Puccio began his wrestling career in 1987 and worked for various northeast U.S. independent promotions.===International World Class Championship Wrestling (1989 - 1991)===Teaming with his brother Val the duo formed a tag team called \"The Undertakers\", with Val using the ring name Henchman and Tony worked as Punisher.",
"The duo started in International Championship Wrestling (ICW; later renamed International World Class Championship Wrestling or IWCCW).",
"On December 11, 1989, the Undertakers defeated a team known as the S & S Express (Vic Steamboat and Joe Savoldi to win the ICW Tag Team Championship.",
"Their run with the championship only lasted 17 days as the Dynamic Duo (Phil Apollo and Eric Sbraccia) defeated them on a show in Portland, Maine.",
"In March 1990 the Undertakers won the championship again, this time renamed the IWCCW Tag Team Championship.",
"Almost a year later, on February 20, 1991, the Undertakers lost the championship to a team known as The Billion Dollar Babies (Mike Sampson and G.Q.",
"Stratus).===Japan (1991-1992)===After this the twins toured Japan, working for All Japan Pro Wrestling in February and March 1991.Their first match came on February 23, 1991, when they faced \"The Land of Giants\" duo of Butch Masters and Nitron.",
"They also faced Mighty Inoue & Rusher Kimura, as well as Dean Malenko and Joe Malenko.",
"In November 1992 they wrestled for Wrestle Association R losing the teams of Haku and The Berzerker; and Genichiro Tenryu and Takashi Ishikawa.===World Wrestling Federation (1991-1994)===At this point in time the team changed their name after the World Wrestling Federation bought the rights to their original name to ensure there would be no confusion between the team and the WWF wrestler Mark Calaway who worked as \"the Undertaker\".",
"The team took the name \"Double Trouble\", making their first appearance on September 30, 1991, at a dark match in Wheeling, WV where they defeated a preliminary team at a Wrestling Challenge taping.",
"They won another dark match against preliminary opposition in Huntington, WV at a WWF Superstars taping.In June 1992 they began teaming regularly on WWF house shows.",
"The tour was part of the settlement that they reached with the WWF over \"The Undertaker\" name.",
"They were winless in house show encounters with The Bushwhackers.",
"In August they entered a house show series against High Energy, and in September they received title matches against WWF Tag-Team Champions The Natural Disasters.",
"After going winless, Double Trouble finally gained their first victory of the year on October 2, 1992, in Poughkeepsie, NY when they defeated Mark Thomas and Phil Apollo.",
"They finished the year facing Road Warrior Animal in handicap matches.In 1993 they wrestled only one match, losing to The Steiner Brothers on January 30 in Providence, RI.",
"After a lengthy absence they returned on July 7, 1994, to face the tag-team champions The Headshrinkers in Landover, MD.",
"Following two more matches against The Headshrinkers the duo left the promotion.===Century Wrestling Alliance (1993-1997)===During their hiatus from the WWF in 1993, the duo also worked in the CWA.",
"On September 23, 1993, the duo defeated The Interns to become the first ever CWA Tag Team Champions for Century Wrestling Alliance.",
"On March 25, 1994, the team of Vic Steamboat and Ray Odyssey defeated Double Trouble to end their title run.",
"In 1994 the team worked as \"the Trouble Makers\" with Val being known as Chaos and Tony working as Mayhem.",
"Their final match in the CWA came on December 12, 1994, when they defeated Alex Shane & Cherokee Renegade in Elizabethton, Tennessee.In 1995, his brother Val worked in Extreme Championship Wrestling and they split up.",
"Tony would go on his own working for Northeast Wrestling and Century Wrestling Alliance until his last match in 1997."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Tony made the announcement on Facebook that his brother, Val passed away on January 7, 2011, at 45.It was believed to be from obesity."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* *** *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Peace Patriots"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Peace Patriots''''' is a 2005 American documentary film directed by Robbie Leppzer about opposition to the Iraq War.",
"Narrated by actress Janeane Garofalo, the film follows students, teachers, clergy, and veterans in Massachusetts as they protest against the US government's 2003 invasion of Iraq, the first stage of the Iraq War.In addition to original music composed by John Sheldon, ''The Peace Patriots'' features music by Billy Bragg, Jonatha Brooke, Ani DiFranco, Steve Earle, Pete Seeger, Stephan Smith, and Saul Williams.",
"A work-in-progress version of the film was screened on September 27, 2004, at Greenfield Community College in Greenfield, Massachusetts.",
"The finished film premiered on September 22, 2005, at the Calvin Theater in Northampton."
],
[
"References",
"===Bibliography===*"
],
[
"External links",
"* *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Battle of Eddington"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Battle of Eddington: Or, British Liberty''''' is a 1796 historical tragedy play written by the English author John Penn.",
"It first appeared at Richmond Theatre before its West End premier at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 28 March 1796.It featured songs by the composer John Wall Callcott.",
"It is inspired by the Battle of Edington in 874 when the English forces of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated a Viking army.",
"Penn dedicated the play to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom William Pitt."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume III''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009.",
"* Hogan, C.B (ed.)",
"''The London Stage, 1660–1800: Volume V''.",
"Southern Illinois University Press, 1968."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Toplu Konutlar (M3, Istanbul Metro)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Toplu Konutlar''' is an underground rapid transit station on the M3 line of the Istanbul Metro.",
"It is located on Kayaşehir Boulevard in the Kayabaşı district of Başakşehir.",
"It was opened on 8 April 2023 with the Onurkent-Kayaşehir Merkez expansion built by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure."
],
[
"Layout",
"'''Northbound'''← 20px toward Kayaşehir Merkez (terminus)'''Southbound'''20px toward Kirazlı (Şehir Hastanesi) →"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Clapham alkali attack"
],
[
"Introduction",
"On the evening of 31 January 2024, 35-year-old Abdul Shokoor Ezedi attacked a 31-year-old woman and her two children with a corrosive alkaline substance on a street in Clapham, London.",
"Ezedi fled the area, and was last seen at 23:27 GMT on CCTV on Chelsea Bridge.Nine others were injured in the attack, including members of the public and police who assisted those initially assaulted.",
"On 9 February, police said that the absence of sightings of Edezi, since he was last seen near Chelsea Bridge, led them to a hypothesis that he entered the River Thames.",
"On 20 February, police recovered a body, believed to be that of Edezi."
],
[
"Background",
"London has been described as a \"hotspot\" for corrosive fluid attacks, with a peak of 472 in the city in 2017.Since then, the number of reported attacks has declined steeply.",
"The Offences Against the Person Act 1861 governs such attacks; Section 29 refers to \"sending, throwing or using explosive or corrosive substance or noxious thing with intent to do grievous bodily harm\" and can carry a sentence of life imprisonment.",
"Similarly, Section 1 of the Prevention of Crime Act 1953 makes it an offence to possess \"acid in a public place with intent to use it to cause harm\".",
"The Offensive Weapons Act 2019 introduced the offence of \"having a corrosive substance in a public place without a good reason or lawful authority\".",
"This carries a prison sentence of up to four years' imprisonment.=== Perpetrator ===Abdul Shokoor Ezedi (born ) is believed to originally be from Afghanistan, and arrived in the United Kingdom via lorry in 2016 as an asylum seeker and settled in the Newcastle area; his application for asylum was refused.",
"At a currently unknown date, Ezedi's sister was shot dead in Afghanistan, with a friend of Ezedi stating he was \"not the same\" after her murder.In 2020, Ezedi was discharged from supervision from the probation service, having completed his unpaid work order.",
"Ezedi stayed in the Newcastle area, finding work at a pizza shop.",
"He applied for asylum again, stating that he had converted to Christianity and would be at risk from the Taliban if he returned to Afghanistan.",
"This second application was refused.",
"He appealed the decision by the Home Office at a tribunal in October 2020; the decision was overturned.",
"The tribunal heard from a Baptist minister in the North East of England who stated his belief that Ezedi had become a Christian and was \"wholly committed\".",
"Ezedi was a client of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle's Justice and Peace Refugee Project, where he was provided with toiletries and food tokens.",
"The project provided Ezedi accommodation between April 2021 and March 2022, as part of their \"Action Letting\" project for refugees granted leave to remain which Ezedi had secured in 2021 or 2022.After leaving the accommodation, Ezedi moved into homeless accommodation.",
"He later lived in a social housing block, having moved there in approximately October 2023.He was described as \"keeping himself to himself\", \"unassuming and quiet\", and \"very respectful\".==== Criminal history ====In 2017, Ezedi sexually assaulted a woman by grabbing her buttocks.",
"In the same year, he exposed himself.",
"On 9 January 2018 he was sentenced at Newcastle Crown Court to nine weeks' imprisonment and 200 hours of unpaid work for sexual assault and 45 weeks' imprisonment for indecent exposure, with both custodial sentences being suspended for two years.",
"He was placed on the sex offender register for ten years."
],
[
"Attack",
"In the early hours of 31 January 2024, Ezedi drove from the Newcastle area to London, where his car was seen in Tooting at 06:30 GMT.",
"At 16:30, his car was seen in Croydon, and at approximately 19:00 it was seen being driven in Streatham.",
"He then met with a 31-year-old woman, with whom he had previously been in a relationship, on Lessar Avenue in Clapham.",
"The meeting had been arranged earlier that day, and the woman arrived in a car along with her two young children.Video footage appears to show Ezedi running a person over in his car.",
"At approximately 19:25, residents of Lessar Avenue saw him twice \"throwing a child on the floor\", having removed the child from the rear passenger seat.",
"After attacking the child, Ezedi threw an alkali substance at the mother.",
"A resident rescued the child, and suffered burns to her face and arm.",
"A witness described the mother as walking up the road, crying \"I can't see, I can't see\".",
"Ezedi attempted to flee in his car, but in doing so crashed into a parked car.",
"He fled from the scene on foot, initially chased by a member of the public.At 19:29, the London Ambulance Service were called and sent two incident response officers, three ambulance crews and members of the hazardous area response team to the scene.",
"At approximately 19:30, police were called to the scene, with Metropolitan Police officers arriving shortly afterwards.=== Ezedi ===Ezedi's movements after the attack were subject to police scrutiny of CCTV footage.",
"At 19:33, he boarded a northbound train at Clapham South, alighting at King's Cross St Pancras.",
"He was next seen on CCTV at a supermarket on Caledonian Road at 20:42, before returning to King's Cross and boarding a southbound Victoria line train.",
"He interchanged at Victoria, taking a District line train travelling eastbound, before alighting at Tower Hill at 21:33.On foot, Ezedi was seen on CCTV in the Southwark Bridge area, before walking along Upper Thames Street and Paul's Walk near the Millennium Bridge.",
"He continued west onto the Victoria Embankment, being seen near Unilever House at 22:04, before crossing Westminster Bridge eastward at 22:33.At 23:00, he re-crossed the Thames at Vauxhall Bridge, before continuing west to Chelsea Bridge.",
"At 23:25, he was seen crossing the bridge southbound, momentarily entering Battersea Park, before returning to the bridge The last sighting of Ezedi was on the bridge at 23:27, where CCTV showed him pacing on the bridge and leaning over the railings.=== Victims ===The woman and her children were taken to hospital; the woman and her youngest child had injuries described as \"life-changing\".",
"Nine other people were injured, including witnesses and police officers.",
"Some were hospitalised at a major trauma centre to treat burn injuries.On 5 February, police confirmed that the woman was in a critical but stable condition.",
"The following day, the BBC reported that the woman was still in hospital and was sedated.",
"They added that she may lose her sight in her right eye.",
"It was reported that the woman's children have since been discharged from hospital.",
"On 7 February, at a press conference, Commander Jon Savell reiterated that the woman was still sedated and was still \"very poorly\".",
"As a result, police had not been able to speak to her, although her children had been able to give an account to police as to what occurred."
],
[
"Investigation",
"Over the night after the attack, search warrants were conducted at addresses in east London and Newcastle.",
"Ezedi left both his car and mobile phone at the scene, which were examined by forensic teams.Whilst not being treated as a terror-related incident, the Metropolitan Police's Counter Terrorism fugitive team became involved in the investigation, tracing Ezedi's movements.",
"In order to locate him, detectives scrutinised CCTV from Transport for London.",
"Ezedi's bank card was not used after he took the underground from King's Cross to Tower Hill.As well as investigations in London and Newcastle, police forces across the country were put on \"high alert\", with the Border Force and National Crime Agency (NCA) assisting the Metropolitan Police.Superintendent Gabriel Cameron, attached to Lambeth Police Station, briefed the press on the morning of 1 February.",
"He named the suspect as Ezedi, describing how he had significant injuries to the right side of his face.",
"He explained that the woman and children were in a stable condition and that their injuries could be life-changing, and that Ezedi should not be approached if seen.",
"Cameron stated that the Metropolitan Police were working with other agencies in order to local Ezedi, including Northumbria Police and British Transport Police believing that Ezedi could be returning to the Newcastle area.",
"That day, the Metropolitan Police confirmed that the substance used during the attack was alkaline.On 2 February, police raided an address in the Leyton area and the following day footage was released of officers searching Ezedi's address in Newcastle, where they discovered a number of empty containers with corrosive warning labels.On 4 February a £20,000 was offered for information that led to Ezedi's arrest.",
"Former senior counter-terrorism police officer Nick Aldworth told the BBC Radio 4 ''Today'' programme that rewards were offered by police for information, \"when there is a sense someone is hiding within the community, possibly with help from others\".On 5 February it was reported that a 22-year-old man had been arrested on suspicion of assisting Ezedi, contrary to Section 4 of the Criminal Law Act 1967.He was taken to a south London police station, interviewed and later bailed the same day.",
"At this point, the Metropolitan Police's theories were that Ezedi had come to harm or was being harboured.",
"On the former theory, Ezedi's route on leaving the attack scene appeared to follow the River Thames, with investigators keeping an open mind as to whether Ezedi entered the water, either by jumping or having been pushed, although the police were not searching the River Thames.",
"A former senior counter-terrorism police officer stated that it was \"not unlikely or improbable\" that Ezedi may have killed himself.",
"On the latter theory, police previously warned that anyone found assisting him faced arrest.",
"Former Metropolitan Police Detective Chief Inspector Peter Kirkham stated he believed that Ezedi was \"being sheltered by an ally or had escaped abroad\".On 6 February, police reported that they had received and discounted more than 200 calls from the public.",
"Speaking to the press, Commander Jon Savell stated that as no-one had spotted Edezi, it was \"realistic\" that \"he has either come to harm and is lying somewhere and yet to be found, or someone's looking after him, as he's not been outside for some time\".At a press conference on 7 February, Savell told reporters that investigators had been working continuously since the incident, with early enquiries being on port alerts alongside officeers at border agencies.",
"Members of the press questioned how Ezedi could not have been found in a city like London, with a dense population of CCTV.",
"In response, Savell stated that if Ezedi was hiding' it would be difficult to find him, although hundreds of Metropolitan Police were following lines of enquiries, including examining huge amounts of CCTV footage.",
"Savell added that, through work with the NCA, the Metropolitan Police had been in contact with medical experts who stated that Ezedi's injuries could be very serious or fatal.",
"If he did not receive medical attention, his health would continue to deteriorate through infection.",
"As a result, Savell appealed to Ezedi to hand himself in for medical attention, adding that hospitals remained on high-alert.",
"Savell told the press that the victim and Ezedi were in a relationship and that the relationship appeared to have broken down, with this being an indication of the motive of the attack.At a further press conference on 9 February, police said their main working hypothesis was that Ezedi had entered the River Thames in the Chelsea Bridge area.",
"Police said Ezedi could be seen \"walking with purpose\" for to the Thames.",
"At Chelsea Bridge his behaviour changed and he was seen to lean over the railings.",
"From this point, CCTV sightings of Ezedi stopped.",
"Police began searching the Thames at low tide on 10 February.On 20 February, police recovered a body from the River Thames, but, pending the outcome of DNA tests, no definitive information was given as to who it was.",
"However, police believe that it is the body of Ezedi because of distinctive clothes the deceased person was wearing and property found on the body."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2023–24 Oakland Golden Grizzlies women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 Oakland Golden Grizzlies women's basketball team''' represents Oakland University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Golden Grizzlies, led by eleventh-year head coach Jeff Tungate, play their home games at the OU Credit Union O'rena in Rochester, Michigan as members of the Horizon League."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Golden Grizzlies finished the 2022–23 season 13–17, 8–12 in Horizon League play to finish in a tie for seventh place.",
"In the Horizon League tournament, they were defeated by Wright State in the first round."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" Regular seasonHorizon League tournamentSources:"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Chris Ratliff"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Christopher Ratliff''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1997 to 2001.Ratliff was first elected in 1996, defeating Democratic incumbent Kelsey Friend Jr.",
"He ran for the Kentucky Senate in 2000, losing to Democrat Ray Jones II."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Holden Hernández Carmenate"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Holden Hernández Carmenate''' is a Cuban-American chess grandmaster."
],
[
"Chess career",
"In October 2006, Hernández achieved his final GM norm at the Open de Alca de Henares in Spain.",
"He was later awarded the Grandmaster title in 2007.In 2011, Hernández was considered one of the top 10 players in Cuba.In September 2012, Hernández won the Óliver González Chess Memorial ahead of Martyn Kravtsiv and Andrey Vovk.In December 2013, Hernández transferred federations from Cuba to the United States.In February 2015, Hernández tied for first in the Texas Southwest Class Masters with Gata Kamsky, Yaroslav Zherebukh, and Anton Kovalyov, but lost to Kamsky on tiebreaks."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Hernández studied at the University of Texas at Dallas, where he was the captain of the chess team."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Moby Dyke"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Moby Dyke''''' is a 2023 book by Krista Burton that documents America's remaining lesbian bars and tries to identify the sources of the industry's decline amid a growing proportion of the population identifying as LGBTQ+.",
"Burton visited each of the twenty profiled bars at least twice.Burton's interest in the industry's decline began in 2010 when she and her girlfriend sought out a Chicago lesbian bar shortly after moving to the city.",
"During the COVID-19 pandemic, Burton was asked what she missed the most – dyke bars – and found an agent but then learned the depth of the industry's decline."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vrbaite"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vrbaite''' (symbol: Vrb) is an opaque to subtranslucent brittle mineral with chemical formula Tl4Hg3Sb2As8S20 and pyramidal crystals.",
"It is names after Czech mineralogist .",
"It is bluish white with red internal reflections and dark red in translucent thin fragments.",
"It is classified in the class \"sulfides and sulfosalts\".Type locality: Allchar deposit, , Kavadarci Municipality, North Macedonia."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"1969 Colorado State–Greeley Bears football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1969 Colorado State–Greeley Bears football team''' was an American football team that represented Colorado State College (now known as the University of Northern Colorado) as a member of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC) during the 1969 NCAA College Division football season.",
"In their fourth year under head coach Bob Blasi, the Bears compiled an overall record of 10–0 record (5–0 in conference play), won the RMAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 435 to 132.It was the first perfect season in program history and the first RMAC championship in 21 years.The team broke multiple team records, including points scored (435), total yards gained (3,898), most touchdowns scored (63), most passing yards (1,875), most rushing yards (2,023), fewest yards allowed (1,729), most passes intercepted (27), and fewest rushing yards allowed per game (57.4).",
"Quarterback George Kaplan broke the school's single-season records with 19 touchdown passes, 1,525 passing yards, 1,420 yards of total offense, 102 passes completed, and a 57.0% pass completion percentage.",
"Back Mickey Holmes also broke multiple single-season records, including 38 pass receptions, 517 receiving yards, and 80 points scored.",
"Tailback Ben Pyatt led the team with 583 rushing yards on 127 carries.",
"Defensive tackle Joe Drew tallied six fumble recoveries and received All-America honors.",
"Four Greeley players were named to the All-RMAC team: end Dennis Becking; defensive end Grail Kister; linebacker Randy Thompson; and defensive back Rick Pierson.Mickey Holmes, Randy Thompson, and Joe Drew were the team captains.",
"Jerry McMillen, Buck Rollins, Vince Zimmer, and Bob Aylward were the team's assistant coaches.The team played its home games at Jackson Field in Greeley, Colorado."
],
[
"Schedule"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Dan Hynes (New Hampshire politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Dan Hynes''' is an American politician.",
"He served as an Independent member for the Hillsborough 2nd district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.",
"He was elected as a Republican but left the party and registered as an Independent in June 2023.He resigned from the New Hampshire House in February 2024."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"All Life Long"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''All Life Long''''' is an album by American composer Kali Malone, released on February 9, 2024, through Ideologic Organ.",
"It was recorded between 2020 and 2023, with contributions from the Macadam Ensemble and Anima Brass.",
"It received acclaim from critics."
],
[
"Background",
"Several of the organ drone recordings on the album were first performed by Malone and Stephen O'Malley during a live-streamed performance as part of the 2021 Variations Festival in Nantes, France, accompanied by the Macadam Ensemble."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"''All Life Long'' received a score of 84 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic based on four critics' reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\".",
"''Mojo'' felt that Malone's \"ability to dominate a room with minimal musical movement is astonishing; this record lowers the temperature, heightens the sense, slows down life, frame by frame\".",
"''Uncut'' stated that \"the likes of 'No Sun to Burn' (for brass) or the nine-minute title track, will pull on the listener's heartstrings at least as much as it endorses the composer's process\".",
"''The Skinny''s Patrick Gamble wrote that Malone's \"rebellious sensibility, particularly in relation to the interplay between the sacred and the profane, continues throughout ''All Life Long'', elaborating that the \"cumulative effect is sublime and will leave even the most agnostic listener in a state of transcendental bliss\".",
"Jon Buckland of ''The Quietus'' found that ''All Life Long'' \"eschews the electro acoustics of recent albums ''Living Torch'' and last year's epic ''Does Spring Hide Its Joy'' in favour of the organ dirges of breakthrough record, ''The Sacrificial Code''\" as \"these carefully intoned shifts are allowed to hold court for lengthy periods.",
"Giving us space and time to sit and consider the softly undulating nuances that creep into our attention throughout ''All Life Long''\".",
"John Amen of ''Beats Per Minute'' commented that \"the project often trades depth for breadth\", concluding, \"At times, Malone’s 'magic eye' seems elusive.",
"Other times, it comes gloriously into focus, shimmering like an elegant mirage\"."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Charts",
"+ Chart performance for ''All Life Long'' Chart (2024) Peakposition"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"All Shall Be Well (film)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''All Shall Be Well''''' () is a 2024 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Ray Yeung.",
"The film starring Patra Au, Maggie Li Lin Lin revolves around Angie and Pat, who are a well-off lesbian couple in their mid-60s.It had its premiere in the Panorama section at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival on 16 February 2024."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"Angie and Pat have been a happy and wealthy lesbian couple in their 60s for last 30 years, living in Pat's flat in Hong Kong.",
"Their friends and relatives respect and adore their relationship.",
"One night, when Pat suddenly passes away, Angie receives comfort from her friends and initially from Pat's family as well.",
"But soon, disputes over Pat's funeral and estate cause a rift between them.",
"Angie has no legal claim to the flat and depends on the fading kindness of Pat's family.",
"Pat was the one who handled everything in their relationship, even though they split the costs equally.",
"With the help of her chosen family, Angie starts a journey of self-reliance in her later years."
],
[
"Cast",
"* Patra Au as Angie* Maggie Li Lin Lin as Pat* Tai Bo as Shing* Leung Chung Hang as Victor* Fish Liew as Fanny* Hui So Ying as Mei* Rachel Leung as Kitty* Luna Shaw as Yvonne"
],
[
"Release",
"''All Shall Be Well'' had its world premiere on 16 February 2024, as part of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival, in Panorama.In December 2023, Berlin-based company Films Boutique has acquired the sales rights of the film prior to its Berlinale premiere."
],
[
"Reception",
"Clotilde Chinnici writing in Loud And Clear Reviews rated the film with four stars and said, \"If there is a film that could capture this same feeling of this mundane and yet world-shattering grief, it is this one.",
"''All Shall Be Well'' will break your heart for its entire 90-minute runtime, but by the end of it, we realise it is all worth it.\"",
"Fionnuala Halligan reviewing at Berlinale for ScreenDaily criticized the score by Veronica Lee writing, \"score often un-necessarily re-stresses the emotions onscreen as opposed to nourishing them.\"",
"Halligan praised the editing of Lai.",
"Appreciating performances she opined, \"Strong performances and an unshakeable sense of place lure the audience into a picture of an unfair society and a plea for equal standing – not to mention making a will.\"",
"Concluding she wrote, \"''All Will Be Well'' is undoubtedly an old-fashioned drama, but it is no less effective for that classic structure.",
"\"Josh Slater-Williams of IndieWire reviewing at Berlinale graded the film A and wrote, \"the deeply moving fourth feature from writer-director Ray Yeung tenderly explores the aftermath of unexpected loss, where the uncertainty and chaos of the immediate grieving period is compounded by delicate negotiations that need addressing amid a very specific set of circumstances.\""
],
[
"Accolades",
" Award Date Category Recipient Result Berlin International Film Festival25 February 2024 Panorama Audience Award for Best Feature Film''All Shall Be Well'' Teddy Award for Best Feature Film"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* * ''All Shall Be Well'' at Teddy Award * ''All Shall Be Well'' at Berlinale"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Lorene Toring"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lorene Grace Montebon Toring''' (born February 17, 2000) is a Filipino volleyball player.",
"She last played for the Adamson Soaring Lady Falcons in the UAAP."
],
[
"Early life",
"The Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc. (CESAFI) honored Toring as the Best Blocker in 2014 and 2015 before being recruited by UP, Ateneo, UE, and Adamson where she and her sister Ella ended up playing for its Lady Baby Falcons in the UAAP, a decision reached with prodding from their parents."
],
[
"Career",
"===College===Toring's fifth and last playing year was cut short by an ACL injury in January 2024 made known only a month thereafter.",
"Before that, she helped the Adamson Lady Falcons won several podium finishes in the UAAP and pre-season leagues, as well as a title when they beat the UST Growling Tigresses, 2–0, in the Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference Season 3 championships in 2019.She received 1st Best Middle Blocker honors from the PVL.When Adamson won over the Akari Chargers to rule an invitational cup last February 7, 2024, Toring was no longer in the Lady Falcons' lineup.She was part of the Philippine Team which participated in the 22nd Asian Senior Women's Volleyball Championship in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand from August 30 to September 6, 2023.===Club Career===On February 15 2024, Toring joined former Adamson players in the professional Premier Volleyball League (PVL) as an injured middle blocker for the Farm Fresh Foxies."
],
[
"Awards",
"===Individual===* ''2023 Shakey's Super League Collegiate Pre-Season Championship – \"2nd Best Middle Blocker\"''* ''2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference – \"1st Best Middle Blocker\"''===Collegiate team===* UAAP Season 85 volleyball tournaments – Image:Med 3.png 2nd runners-up, with Adamson Soaring Lady Falcons* 2019 Premier Volleyball League Collegiate Conference − File:Med 1.png Gold medal, with Adamson Soaring Lady Falcons"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Atolina"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Atolina''' (; ) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus.",
"It is administratively part of Syenitsa selsoviet.",
"It is located about from the Minsk Ring Road, south of the capital Minsk.",
"In 2010, it had a population of 1,418."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"How Māui Found His Father and the Magic Jawbone"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''How Māui Found His Father and the Magic Jawbone''''' is a 1975 New Zealand children’s book and the first published book by Peter Gossage, a New Zealand author.",
"The book is a retelling of one of the many stories about the mythical culture hero Māui.",
"A new edition of this book was published and popularised in 2011 by Penguin Books New Zealand.",
"This book is a prequel to many of Gossage's novels."
],
[
"Plot summary",
"At this point in the storyline, Māui has found his mother, Taranga, and bought her home with him to his village but was still curious who his father was.",
"Taranga snuck out each day in the early morning.",
"Māui decided to follow her and watched her leave the pā and leap into a hole down the hill.",
"He followed her, chanting a karakia to turn himself into a rupe as he fell, before landing in a tunnel.",
"Creeping along, he ventured into a vast underground land and spotted his mother under a pūriri tree with a man.",
"He flew into the tree and dropped berries onto the man to make him look up but was stopped when the man got angry, demanding people of the underworld to throw stones at the cheeky bird.",
"Māui dodged the stones and flopped to the man's feet.",
"Before the man could pick up the rupe, Māui transformed back into his human form.",
"Looking at one another, Maui and his father knew they were father and son.",
"His father, Makeatutara, took him to a sacred waterfall, bathed him in the waters and chanted a karakia to give Māui more magical powers and everlasting power.",
"Māui was happy to have his family altogether but unbeknownst to him, his father was upset because made a mistake while chanting the karakia that he knew would one day cost Māui his life.",
"Muriranga-whenua, Māui's grandfather, lived in the underworld with his father and Maui would visit him each day to give him food.",
"However, Maui was scheming and told his grandfather he would not give him anymore food if he did not give him the magic jawbone.",
"His grandfather refused but at last he became too hungry and relented, so he slipped his magic jawbone from his mouth and gave it to Maui.",
"He gave Māui special instructions on what to do and not to do with it, warning him about the wrath of Hine, the goddess of death.",
"With the jawbone in his possession, Māui felt its power course through him and says:I will tame the Sun!I will find the Secret of Fire!I will even defy Death!In Gossage's later novels, Māui returns to the land above and does it all."
],
[
"Characters",
"* Māui – the hero* Taranga – Māui's mother* Makeatutara – Māui's father* Muriranga-whenua– Māui's grandfather"
],
[
"Mythology",
"As seen in the book, Māui follows his mother into the Underworld and his father later performs the magical baptismal and purifying ceremonies.",
"In Māori mythology, his father made a slip in uttering the incantations because he was being hurried and this was ultimately the destruction of Māui.",
"In myths, Muri-Ranga-Whenua is actually a woman and not a man.",
"In some tales she is an ancestress, in others she is an old chief but more commonly, she is his grandmother."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Fish of Māui"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Fish of Māui''''', also known as '''''Te-Ika-a-Māui''''', is a 1981 New Zealand children’s book by Peter Gossage, a New Zealand author.",
"The book is retelling of the traditional Māori legend of how Māui fished up the North Island ''(Te Ika a Maui)'' of New Zealand when he sneaks onto his brothers' canoe after they have refused to take him fishing."
],
[
"Plot summary",
"The book introduces Māui, who has magical powers and is much better at everything than his brothers.",
"As a result, his four foster brothers were jealous of his skills and set out one day to go fishing, without telling him.",
"However, early the next morning Māui would hide himself in the bottom of his brother's canoe.",
"The brothers called him ''Nukurau'', the trickster, and had no clue he was in the canoe with them.",
"The brothers travelled out into the water but before they could settle in an open space, Māui jumped up from his hiding space, telling them to go further.",
"The brothers did as ''Atamai'', the quick-witted, Māui said.",
"Māui paddled by the light of ''Marama'', the moon, so even when all his brothers fell asleep, he continued to wade in the water until morning, when he was finally satisfied.",
"His brothers did not share their bait with Māui and so instead he struck himself on the nose and smeared his own blood all over the magic jawbone hook, given to him by his ancestors.",
"When Māui swung his hook, it descended into the sea and caught onto what Māui thought was a big fish but was actually a Tekoteko of a whare.",
"He was not landing a fish; he was fishing a land.",
"Māui chanted a karakia that passed down the line as the fish fought him.",
"His terrified brothers made no move to help but Māui hauled the line in and with will stronger than the fish's fury, Māui pulled the giant fish to the surface.",
"Its tail stretched north, and his head lay in the south.",
"Māui told his brothers he would go retrieve his hook from the sea and warned them not to damage the smooth, flat surface of the giant fish.",
"The four brothers did not listen and hacked out their share of the fish.",
"In no time, the once smooth back was a jagged mess of valleys and ranges.",
"The fish of Maui was now a rugged land.",
"This land was ''Te Ika a Maui'', more commonly known as the North Island of New Zealand."
],
[
"Characters",
"* Māui - The trickster* Roto - One of Māui's foster brothers.",
"* Mua - One of Māui's foster brothers.",
"* Pae - One of Māui's foster brothers.",
"* Taha - One of Māui's foster brothers."
],
[
"Mythology",
"Like many of Gossage's other publications, this book was inspired by Māori mythology and the legend of the North Island.",
"Just like the book says, the Māori myth recites how Māui's brothers began carving out pieces of the huge fish, creating the many valleys, mountains, and lakes that you see today on the North Island.",
"Over many thousands of years, those valleys and mountains became part of the landscape of New Zealand, ''Aotearoa'', as we know it today and in time birds, plants, animals and people populated the giant fish of Māui.",
"Since then, the magical hook, according to legend, became the cape which now forms the southernmost tip of Hawke's Bay.",
"Te Rangihaeata of the Ngāti Toarangatira tribe dictated that if the brother's had not fought over the fish, then the land would have retained its fish shape.",
"As well as this, in the myth, the whare that Māui's hook fastened onto was the underwater house of Tonganui, the grandson of Tangaroa, God of the sea.",
"When looked at today, the head of the fish sits on the southern end of the North Island, now recognised as Wellington, while the tail stretches to the very tip of the country in what we know as the Northland region.",
"Just next to the tail is a wedge which is now the modern day Coromandel Peninsula.The left fin represents Taranaki and the right fin represents the East Coast."
],
[
"See also",
"* Māui* Te Ika a Maui* North Island"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of accolades received by Loki (TV series)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"''Loki'' is an American television series created by Michael Waldron for the streaming service Disney+, based on Marvel Comics featuring the character of the same name.",
"It is the third television series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) produced by Marvel Studios, sharing continuity with the films of the franchise.",
"Waldron served as head writer and Kate Herron directed the first season, with Eric Martin and the duo Justin Benson and Aaron Moorhead serving as head writer and leading the directing team for the second season, respectively.",
"Tom Hiddleston reprises his role as Loki from the film series, starring alongside Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Wunmi Mosaku, Eugene Cordero, Tara Strong, Owen Wilson, Sophia Di Martino, Jonathan Majors, and Neil Ellice.",
"Sasha Lane, Jack Veal, DeObia Oparei, and Richard E. Grant also star in the first season, with Rafael Casal, Kate Dickie, Liz Carr, Ke Huy Quan and Richard Dixon joining for the second.",
"The series takes place after the events of the film ''Avengers: Endgame'' (2019), in which an alternate version of Loki created a new timeline.",
"''Loki'' premiered on June 9, 2021.Its first season, consisting of six episodes, concluded on July 14 and is part of Phase Four of the MCU.",
"The second season, also consisting of six episodes, ran from October 5 to November 9, 2023, as part of Phase Five.",
"The series garnered numerous awards and nominations; it was nominated for six Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.",
"From major guilds, it was nominated for two Art Directors Guild Awards, three Costume Designers Guild Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and two Writers Guild of America Award.",
"''Loki'' was nominated for four Critics' Choice Television Awards and in genre awards, the series won one Critics' Choice Super Award and one Saturn Award, and was nominated for a Harvey Award, a Hugo Award, and a Dragon Award."
],
[
"Accolades",
"+ Award Date(s) of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Art Directors Guild Awards Excellence in Production Design for a One-Hour Period or Fantasy Single-Camera Series Kasra Farahani (for \"Glorious Purpose\") One-Hour Fantasy Single-Camera Series Kasra Farahani (for \"Ouroboros\") ASCAP Composers' Choice Awards Television Score of the Year Natalie Holt Television Theme of the Year British Academy Television Craft Awards Best Original Music Natalie Holt Costume Designers Guild Awards Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy Television Christine Wada (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Excellence in Sci-Fi/Fantasy TelevisionChristine Wada Excellence in Costume Illustration Felipe Sanchez Critics' Choice Super Awards Best Superhero Series ''Loki'' Best Actor in a Superhero Series Tom Hiddleston Best Actress in a Superhero Series Sophia Di Martino Gugu Mbatha-Raw Best Villain in a Series Jonathan Majors Critics' Choice Television Awards Best Drama Series ''Loki'' Best Actor in a Drama Series Tom Hiddleston Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Ke Huy Quan Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series Sophia Di Martino Dorian Awards Most Visually Striking Show ''Loki'' Dragon Awards Best Science Fiction or Fantasy TV Series ''Loki'' Harvey Awards Best Adaptation from Comic Book/Graphic Novel ''Loki'' Hollywood Critics Association TV Awards Best Streaming Series, Drama ''Loki'' Best Actor in a Streaming Series, Drama Tom Hiddleston Best Supporting Actress in a Streaming Series, Drama Sophia Di Martino Best Supporting Actor in a Streaming Series, Drama Owen Wilson Best Writing in a Streaming Series, Drama Michael Waldron (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Best Directing in a Streaming Series, Drama Kate Herron (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Hollywood Music in Media Awards Score – TV Show/Limited Series Natalie Holt Hollywood Professional Association Awards Outstanding Visual Effects – Episodic (Under 13 Episodes) or Non-theatrical Feature Dan DeLeeuw, David Seager, Alexandra Greene, George Kuruvilla, Dan Mayer (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Hugo Awards Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form Eric Martin, Kate Herron, Michael Waldron (for \"The Nexus Event\") MPSE Golden Reel Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Limited Series or Anthology Various (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Broadcast Long Form Effects and Foley Bjørn Ole Schroeder, David Chrastka, Andre Zweers, Malcolm Fife, Jamey Scott, Alyssa Nevarez, Dawit Zemene, Sandra Fox (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Outstanding Achievement in Music Editing – Broadcast Long Form Anele Onyekwere, Nashia Wachsman, Richard Armstrong, Ed Hamilton (for \"Glorious Purpose\") MTV Movie & TV Awards Best Show ''Loki'' Breakthrough Performance Sophia Di Martino Best Team Tom Hiddleston, Sophia Di Martino and Owen Wilson Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Family TV Show ''Loki'' Favorite Male TV Star (Family) Tom Hiddleston People's Choice Awards Show of 2021 ''Loki'' Male TV Star of 2021 Tom Hiddleston Bingeworthy Show of 2021 ''Loki'' Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show of 2021 Sci-Fi/Fantasy Show of the Year ''Loki'' Male TV Star of the Year Tom Hiddleston Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards September 3–4, 2022 Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Contemporary Program (One Hour or More) Kasra Farahani, Natasha Gerasimova, and Claudia Bonfe (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour) Autumn Durald Arkapaw (for \"Lamentis\") Outstanding Fantasy/Sci-Fi Costumes Christine Wada, Nora Pederson, Tamsin Costello, and Carol Beadle (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Original Dramatic Score) Natalie Holt (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music Natalie Holt Outstanding Sound Editing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour) Various (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Series (Streaming) ''Loki'' Best Actor in a Streaming Series Tom Hiddleston Best Guest Performance in a Streaming Series Jonathan Majors Best Television Home Media Release ''Loki'' (Season 1) – 4K Steelbook Screen Actors Guild Awards Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Comedy or Drama Series ''Loki'' Set Decorators Society of America Awards Best Achievement in Décor/Design of a One Hour Fantasy or Science Fiction Series Claudia Bonfe and Kasra Farahani Society of Composers & Lyricists Outstanding Original Score for a Television ProductionNatalie Holt Visual Effects Society Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode Dan DeLeeuw, Allison Paul, Sandra Balej, David Seager (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a CG Project \"Race to the Ark\" – Jesse Lewis-Evans, Luke Avery, Autumn Durald Arkapaw, Scott Inkster (for \"Lamentis\") Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Episode, Commercial, or Real-Time Project \"Alioth Cloud\" – George Kuruvilla, Menno Dijkstra, Matthew Hanger, Jiyong Shin (for \"Journey into Mystery\") Outstanding Compositing and Lighting in an Episode \"Shuroo City Destruction\" – Paul Chapman, Tom Truscott, Biagio Figliuzzi, Attila Szalma (for \"Lamentis\") Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Episode Christopher Townsend, Allison Paul, Matthew Twyford, Christopher Smallfield and John William Van Der Pool (for \"Glorious Purpose\") Outstanding Created Environment in an Episode, Commercial, Game Cinematic or Real-Time Project Christian Waite, Ben Aickin, Francesco Ferraresi, Pieter Warmington (for \"1893\") Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Episode, Commercial, Game Cinematic or Real-Time Project Rafael Camacho, Jonathan Lyddon-Towl, Julien Legay, Benedikt Roettger (for \"Science/Fiction\") World Soundtrack Awards TV Composer of the Year Natalie Holt Writers Guild of America Awards Drama Series Bisha K. Ali, Elissa Karasik, Eric Martin, Michael Waldron New Series"
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
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