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[
"Listed buildings in Barugh (Great and Little)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Barugh (Great and Little) is a civil parish in the former Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England.",
"It contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.",
"All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to \"buildings of national importance and special interest\".",
"The parish contains the villages of Great Barugh and Little Barugh and the surrounding countryside.",
"The listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, a former smithy, a bridge and two mileposts.__NOTOC__"
],
[
"Buildings",
"Name and locationPhotographDateNotesWestfield Farmhouse and outbuildingThe farmhouse and outbuilding are in sandstone with a pantile roof.",
"The main block has two storeys and two bays, and to the left is a single-storey wing with two bays.",
"Most of the windows are horizontally-sliding sashes.SmithyA smithy, cart shed and stables converted for residential use, it is in limestone with quoins and a pantile roof.",
"There is a single storey and five bays.",
"On the front is a double doorway, and to the right is a doorway flanked by glazed louvre windows under a continuous lintel.",
"At the rear are stable doors.Westfield Old FarmhouseThe farmhouse is in variegated brick, with a cogged eaves course, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and three bays.",
"The doorway has a fanlight, above it is a shallow segmental-arched recess, and the windows are sashes.Farm building northwest of Barugh HouseThe farm building consists of a threshing barn and granary, with a threshing shed at the rear.",
"The barn is in brick with quoins, pilasters, dentilled eaves, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and four bays, and it contains stable doors and pitching holes.",
"The shed is in limestone with brick piers, it has a pantile roof and a single storey.",
"The shed contains two cart entrances, and in the gable is a round-arched opening.Bragg Farmhouse and cottagecentreThe farmhouse and cottage are in limestone, and have pantile roofs with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"The farmhouse has two storeys and three bays, and the cottage has a single storey and single bay.",
"They both have a doorway, the windows are horizontally-sliding sashes, and all the openings have heavy lintels.Manor Farmhouse and barnThe farmhouse and the barn to the left are in brick, they have pantile roofs with coped gables and shaped kneelers, and two storeys.",
"The farmhouse has three bays and a cogged eaves band.",
"On the front is a doorway, above which is a top-hung window, and the other windows are horizontally-sliding sashes.",
"The barn has five bays, a dentilled eaves course, pilasters, and slit vents.",
"The second bay projects and contains a stable door.Prospect Farmhouse and outbuildingThe farmhouse is in variegated brick, with a cogged eaves course, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and two bays, and to the left is a single-storey two-bay wing.",
"In the centre is a porch with an ogee gable and a finial, and the windows are sashes.",
"The wing contains sash windows, a doorway and a pitching hole.",
"All the openings have cambered heads.Sevenfields FarmhouseA farmhouse in red brick, with sandstone quoins on the right, and a Roman tile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and two bays, and a rear service wing.",
"The doorway is on the right, the windows are sashes, and all the openings have wedge lintels.The CottageThe house is in sandstone at the front, in red brick elsewhere, on a brick plinth, with quoins, a projecting eaves cornice, and a slate roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and three bays.",
"In the centre is a doorway with a divided fanlight, it is flanked by sash windows, and all the openings have wedge lintels.",
"The windows in the upper floor are horizontally-sliding sashes with painted keystones.Barugh HousecentreThe house is in limestone on the front and the right return and brick elsewhere, with quoins, a coped parapet, and a pantile roof with coped gables.",
"There are two storeys and five bays.",
"In the fourth bay is a doorway with pilasters, a fanlight, and a cornice hood.",
"To its right is a canted bay window, in the left bay is a French window, above the doorway is a round-arched sash window, and the other windows are sashes with wedge lintels.Red HousecentreThe house is in red brick, and has a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers.",
"There are two storeys and three bays.",
"In the centre is a gabled porch, above it is a round-arched sash window with an archivolt, and the other windows are sashes with wedge lintels.Barugh BridgecentreThe bridge carries a road over a stream, and is in rusticated calcareous sandstone.",
"It consists of two semicircular arches with voussoirs, and a central pier with cutwaters.",
"The bridge has a band over the arches, and parapets with chamfered copings that end in low cylindrical piers with domed caps.Milepost (north)centreThe milepost on the north side of Barugh Lane is in white-painted cast iron with black raised lettering.",
"It has a triangular plan and a sloping top.",
"On the top is \"NR C CC\", on the left side is the distance to Malton, and on the right side to Kirkbymoorside.Milepost (south)centreThe milepost on the east side of Barugh Lane is in white-painted cast iron with black raised lettering.",
"It has a triangular plan, a sloping top and a semicircular back plate, and is about high.",
"On the back plate is \"NORTH RIDING OF YORKSHIRE\", on the sloping top is \"PICKERING\", on the left side is the distance to Malton, and on the right side to Kirkbymoorside."
],
[
"References",
"===Citations======Sources===***************"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Elisabeth Busse-Wilson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Elisabeth Johanna Auguste Busse-Wilson''', née ''Wilson'', (* 19 February 1890 in Sondershausen; † 11 November 1974 in Oberursel, Taunus) was a German historian.",
"She was one of the first generation of German women to receive a university education."
],
[
"Biography",
"Elisabeth Wilson was the daughter of a senior judicial officer; her mother had trained as a teacher.",
"She grew up in Frauensee.",
"She attended a girls' secondary school in Erfurt until the age of 15 and a grammar school from 1905.In 1909, she took her Abitur - as was customary at the time - as an external examination, which was so difficult that in later years she still described it as her \"greatest achievement\".From 1909, Wilson studied history, art history, social sciences and ethnography at several German universities.",
"During her studies at Jena, she was a member of the Sera Circle initiated by publisher Eugen Diederichs.",
"In 1914, she completed her doctorate in Leipzig on the subject of ''Ornament on an ethnological and prehistoric basis''.",
"The following year, she married the art historian Kurt Heinrich Busse, who was close to the left wing of the Freideutsche Jugend; their son Konrad was born in 1929.Together with her husband, Elisabeth Busse-Wilson was involved in the ''Freideutsche Jugend'', she gave lectures and worked as a chronologist of the movement.",
"Her book ''Die Frau und die Jugendbewegung'' was published in 1920, in which she assessed the \"socialisation conditions of the female youth of the bourgeoisie without exception as discriminatory and subject to male moral laws\".",
"She held the view that existing psychological divergences between the sexes were not due to biological differences, but to socialisation-related aspects.",
"Accordingly, she herself pursued the life plan of an academically educated woman throughout her life.From 1921 to 1931, Elisabeth Busse-Wilson worked at the Leibniz Academy in Hanover and the adult education centre there, where she also gave lectures and published.",
"In 1931, her essay ''The Moral Dilemma in Modern Girls' Education'' and the 300-page monograph ''The Life of St Elisabeth of Thuringia'' were published, the 700th anniversary of whose death fell in the same year.",
"The work on Elisabeth of Thuringia met with mixed reactions: Colleagues accused her of having a \"naive\" and \"sentimental\" view of Elisabeth.",
"Historian Ulrike Wiethaus, meanwhile, points to Busse-Wilson's feminist approach, according to which Elisabeth of Thuringia was a self-destructive young woman who, in the face of restrictive expectations and norms, developed suicidal tendencies that ended in an early death.",
"Many historians reject Busse-Wilson's demystifying view, Thomas Mann and Hermann Hesse, on the other hand, commented favourably on the book.",
"Despite these controversial discussions, Busse-Wilson's publication is regarded as the outstanding scholarly publication on Elisabeth of Thuringia in the 20th century.Due to financial hardship, Busse-Wilson had to \"capitulate in her persistent fight against giving up her 'educated middle-class status'\".",
"She earned some money by closing down a private library and had to move in with her son to live with his mother.",
"She worked for a short time as a teacher and housemother at the Lietzschen Landerziehungsheim Haubinda, and in 1942 she moved to the Landerziehungsheim Gaienhofen on Lake Constance.",
"During the last years of the war, she first lived in Überlingen on Lake Constance and later in Bonn.",
"In 1948, after more than ten years of work, she completed her book on Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, but was unable to find a publisher.",
"From the 1950s onwards, she was supported financially by her son Konrad († 2013), who was employed by UNESCO.",
"Elisabeth Busse-Wilson died in 1974 at the age of 84 in a retirement home in Oberursel."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in Bucharest, ?",
"on February 12 and 13."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Anvar Allakhiarov 557891011121314151617 Yaraslau Kardash 18"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Air Seven"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''AirSeven''' is a Danish charter airline that flyes under Copenhagen AirTaxi's AOC.The airline was founded in 2020 during the covid-19 pandemic.The airline operates out of Roskilde airport."
],
[
"Fleet",
"AirSeven's fleet consists of 4 aircraft (as of February 2023):* 3 Boeing 737-400* 1 Boeing 737-800* Their 737-400 has though been removed from their website, so it is possible that they only operate with 1 737-800."
],
[
"Sources"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Beda Regaus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Beda Regaus''' (1718–1808) was the provost of Affligem Abbey during the disturbances of the French Revolutionary Wars.",
"He was also active as a monastic historian, hymnwriter, and poet."
],
[
"Life",
"Baptised Martinus at the Church of St Nicholas in Brussels on 27 November 1718, Regaus studied at an Augustinian college in Brussels and briefly attended Leuven University before entering the Benedictine abbey of Affligem in 1739.He made his religious profession as a monk on 8 January 1741, taking the monastic name Beda.",
"After serving as librarian, novice master, and sub-prior, he was in 1763 appointed provost of the abbey.",
"In 1770 he commissioned Laurent-Benoît Dewez to renovate the monastic buildings in a neo-classical style.French forces had invaded the Low Countries in 1792, and on 11 November 1796 French revolutionary soldiers forcefully closed and seized the abbey.",
"For the next two years, Regaus was able to maintain a precarious community life outside the monastery.",
"He continued to regard himself as the provost of a scattered community until his death at Hekelgem on 11 April 1808."
],
[
"Works",
"* ''Liber Communis Zelatoris'' (1745) * ''Directorium ad usum RR.PP.",
"Hafflighemensium'' (1763)* ''Hafflighemum Illustratum'' (1766–1778)* ''Stellarium Marianum'' (1784)* ''Directorium Abbatiae Afflighemensis'' (1786)* ''Bona et Jura Monasterii Hafflighemensis'' (1790)* ''Regula Evangelica Christianorum'' (1793)* ''Liber Amoris'' (1800)."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Saudi Red Sea Authority"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Saudi Red Sea Authority (SRSA)''' was established by a Council of Ministers’ decision November 30, 2021, as an enabler and regulator of marine and navigational tourism activities within the geographical scope of Saudi Arabia's Red Sea."
],
[
"Introduction",
"SRSA's focus is on issuing the necessary licenses and permits, developing policies and plans, identifying areas and navigational maps for the conduct of navigational and marine tourism activities, identifying infrastructure requirements, putting in place a mechanism to protect the marine environment, supporting investors including SMEs, promoting the activities to practitioners, and enhancing human capability by providing training programs."
],
[
"Vision",
"A global leading sustainable experience, where natural and pristine wonders meet the authentic Saudi culture and heritage."
],
[
"Mission",
"Facilitating practitioners, investors & operators’ coastal tourism journeys through digital solutions, high-standard infrastructure, streamlined ecosystem governance, clear regulations & empowered human capabilities, while ensuring environmental protection & resilience."
],
[
"Board of Directors",
"# Minister of Sports.# Minister of Culture.# Undersecretary of the Ministry of Interior.# A representative from the Ministry of Interior (General Directorate of Border Guards).# A representative from the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture.# A representative from the Ministry of Tourism.# A representative from the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Housing.# A representative from the Saudi Ports Authority.# A representative from the Transport General Authority.# A representative from the Saudi Tourism Authority.# A representative from the Public Investment Fund.# Mayor of Jeddah Governorate.# CEO of NEOM.# CEO of Red Sea Global.# President of the Water Sports Association.# Specialists and experts, no less than (three) and no more than (five) in fields related to the Authority's work."
],
[
"SRSA mandates",
"* Developing policies, strategies, plans, programs, and initiatives.",
"* Issuing the necessary licenses and permits for operating navigational and marine tourism activities.",
"* Identifying areas, routes, and navigational maps for the conduct of navigational and marine tourism activities, in coordination with relevant entities.",
"* Identifying infrastructure requirements in cooperation with the relevant entities.",
"* Putting in place a mechanism to protect of the maritime environment in areas where navigation and marine tourism activities take place.",
"* Implementing measures to incentivize and attract investment in navigational and marine tourism activities, in collaboration with relevant entities.",
"* Promoting navigational and marine tourism activities to attract practitioners.",
"* Developing a technical system that includes databases and information relevant to Saudi Red Sea Authority's activities.",
"* Enhancing human capability by providing access to national training programs in fields relating to the Saudi Red Sea Authority's objectives and responsibilities."
],
[
"SRSA regulation",
"Regulation NamePurpose of RegulationActivity/StreamRegulation DetailsPrivate Visiting Yachts.This regulation aims to regulate the entry and exit of private foreign yachts visiting the Saudi territorial waters on the Red Sea coast.Yachting & Motorized.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167294Large Yachts Chartering Regulation.This regulation aims to allow large yachts carrying foreign flags to be chartered in Saudi territorial waters on the Red Sea coast through the chartering permit system.Yachting & Motorized.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167298 Cruise Ships Regulation.Define the terms, conditions and procedures that regulate the activity and business of cruise ships in the geographical location that falls within the jurisdiction of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.",
"It also aims to present the requirements necessary for the operator to practice the profession within the geographical scope and presenting the obligations and rights of each relevant party in the operation of cruise ships, taking into account safety, security, health, and environmental procedures.Cruising.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167300 Marinas Design and Operation Regulation.This regulation aims to establish the terms, conditions and procedures regulating the activity and business of marina operators and the design of the tourist marinas within the geographical scope.",
"It includes setting requirements for the operations of tourist marinas and present the main health, safety, and environmental, protection considerations required of the marina operator to obtain the operating license.Yachting & Motorized.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167294Maritime Tourism Agents Regulation.These requirements serve to present the required considerations from the maritime tourism agent and these conditions must be used in obtaining the operating license.Yachting & Motorized.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167287 Marine Tour Operator Regulation.This regulation aims to establish the terms, conditions and procedures that regulate the activity and work of tour operators within the geographical scope.Yachting, Cruising, Motorized, infrastructure and other activities.https://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167302Marine Tourism Watercraft Classification Regulation.This Regulation aims to classify the marine tourism watercrafts used in coastal tourism, in which related Regulations will be issued by the Authority that enables the practice of maritime and marine activities within the Geographical Scope.Yachting, Cruising & Motorizedhttps://redsea.gov.sa/en/node/167286"
],
[
"SRSA Achievements",
"=== 2023 ===* Approving and implementing the first strategy for costal tourism in Saudi Arabia, which include: 6 primary objectives and 24 KPIs.",
"* 7 Regulations have been issued for navigational tourism activities.",
"* 16 MoUs signed with public and private sectors both locally and internationally.",
"* 19 Government entities have been collaborated with to create the first geographical navigation map of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia.",
"* 30 Entities from the public and private sectors have been collaborated with to lead national initiatives through 7 subcommittees.",
"* Working with entities within the environmental ecosystem to oversea environmental protection.",
"* Participation in various local and international conferences and exhibitions.",
"* 14 On ground inspections have been completed in line with current regulations to facilitate license issuance."
],
[
"See also",
"* Ministry of Tourism* Tourism in Saudi Arabia"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Saudi Red Sea Authority official site"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Scott Barrie (filmmaker)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Scott Barrie''' is a Canadian film and television director, most noted as a three-time Genie Award nominee for his short films.Originally from Brantford, Ontario, he graduated from Conestoga College in 1978.He also directed episodes of the television series ''The Edison Twins'', and was a writer for ''Degrassi High'', ''The Campbells'', ''My Secret Identity'' and ''Mysterious Island''."
],
[
"Awards",
" Award Year Category Work Result Ref(s) Genie Awards 1983 Best Theatrical Short Film ''Footsteps'' 1985 ''I Think of You Often'' 1991 Best Short Documentary ''In Search of the Edge'' Yorkton Film Festival 1983 Certificate of Merit ''I Think of You Often''"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"1964 Westminster Titans football team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''1964 Westminster Titans football team''' was an American football team that represented Westminster College as a member of the West Penn Conference (WPC) during the 1964 NAIA football season.",
"In their 13th season under head coach Harold Burry, the Titans compiled a perfect 8–0 record, won the WPC championship, held seven opponents to seven or fewer points, and outscored all opponents by a total of 249 to 45.They were ranked No.",
"6 in the final NAIA poll.",
"It was Westminster's first undefeated season since 1956 and its seventh consecutive WPC championship.The team played its home games at Westminster College Memorial Field in New Wilmington, Pennsylvania."
],
[
"Schedule"
],
[
"Statistics",
"The team was strong in both rushing offense and rushing defense, outgaining opponents by a total of 1,591 to 405 in rushing yardage across all eight games.",
"Opponents averaged only 1.5 yards per rushing carry.",
"The margin in total offense was 2,626 yards to 1,037 yards.",
"Halfback Gib Armstrong led the team in rushing (88 carries for 454 rushing yards, 4.9 yards per carry), receiving (25 catches for 337 yards), and scoring (63 points on 10 touchdowns and three points after touchdown).",
"Quarterback Smitty Cornell led the team in passing, completing 63 of 113 passes (.558 completion percentage) for 906 yards, 15 touchdowns, and six interceptions."
],
[
"Awards and honors",
"Westminster players took 11 of the 22 first-team spots on the 1964 All-West Penn Conference football team.",
"Westminster's honorees on offense were: left halfback John Bailey; right halfback Gib Armstrong; right end Tony Jackson; center Bill Hazen; guard Larry Deibler; and tackle Dave Gura.",
"The honorees on defense were: defensive ends Doug Webb and Doug Kiefer; middle guard Larry Pugh; linebacker Bob Scarazzo; and defensive back Charles Smith.",
"Larry Pugh was also selected as a first-team NAIA All-American.",
"Burry was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1996.Dick Bestwick was an assistant coach for the team.",
"He persuaded Burry to implement a platoon system under which players played either offense or defense, but not both."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences''' ('''NAACLS''') is a US based educational accreditation organization that accredits clinical laboratory educational programs.",
"NAACLS is accredited by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).NAACLS has criticized the rise of non-accredited, on-the-job training(OTJ) programs as undermining the laboratory profession."
],
[
"History",
"It was founded in 1977, after the United States Department of Education pressured ASCP to disband their BOS in 1973.In 2023, there was an effort to standardize program nomenclature which did not pass."
],
[
"Programs",
" Name Abbr.",
"Notes Cytogentic Technologist CT Diagnostic Molecular Scientist DMS Histotechnician HT Histotechnologist HTL Medical Laboratory Assistant MLA Medical Laboratory Microbiologist MLM Medical Laboratory Scientist MLS Formerly Medical Technology (MT), then Clinical Laboratory Science(CLS) Medical Laboratory Technician MLT Pathologists' Assistant PATH A Phlebotomy PHLEB Public Health Microbiologist PHM Doctorate In Clinical Laboratory DCLS Biomedical Scientist BMS In progressDecreases in laboratory reimbursement have led to a decline in the number of NAACLS accredited MLS programs from ~700 in 1975 to ~240 programs in 2002, where it has held since."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Nagyhalász Speedway Ring"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Nagyhalász Speedway Ring''' is a motorcycle speedway track, located approximately 1 kilometre west of Nagyhalász on the Rétköz u road.",
"The track is 300 metres in length."
],
[
"Speedway",
"The stadium was opened in 2015 by József Albók.",
"It quickly became a significant venue for motorcycle speedway and was chosen to host important events.",
"It held rounds of the 2017 Speedway European Championship and 2019 Speedway European Championship before being selected for a round of the 2021 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship.The events proved to be a success, which led to a semi-final award of the 2022 European Pairs Speedway Championship, the qualifier for the 2022 Speedway Grand Prix.",
"and the 2022 European Under-19 Individual Speedway Championship final.The following year in 2023, the stadium continued to be chosen as a venue for major meetings and held three more leading events; the 2023 Speedway European Championship qualifier, a 2023 European Pairs Speedway Championship round and a 2023 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification round"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Usama Ghias Mela"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Usama Ghias Mela''', is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"He won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-83 Sargodha-II as an Independent candidate.",
"He received 136,566 votes while runner up Mohsin Shahnawaz Ranjha of Pakistan Muslim League (N) received 98,700 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Puri–Sonpur Express"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Puri - Sonpur Express''' is an Express train belonging to East Coast Railway zone that runs between Puri and Sonpur of Odisha in India.",
"It is currently operated with 18421/22 train numbers on a weekly basis."
],
[
"Service",
"● 18421/ Puri – Sonpur Express has an average speed of 52 km/h and covers 517 km in 9h 55m.● 18422/ Sonpur – Puri Express has an average speed of 45 km/h and covers 517 km in 11h 25m."
],
[
"Schedule",
"• 18421 : Puri (PURI) — 19:35 PM (Thursday)• 18422 : Sonpur (SNPU) — 19:30 PM (Friday)"
],
[
"Routes and halts",
"The Important Halts of the train are• • Khurda Road Junction• Bhubaneswar• Naraj Marthapur• Dhenkanal• Talcher• Angul• Boinda• Rairakhol• Sambalpur Junction• Bargarh Road• Balangir Junction• Bichhupali• Jhatarbha• Narasinghgarh•"
],
[
"Coach Composition"
],
[
"Traction"
],
[
"Rake Reversal",
"The train reversal its direction 2 times# Talcher # Balangir Junction"
],
[
"See also",
"Trains from Puri :# Puri–Rourkela Vande Bharat Express# Puri–Jodhpur Express# Puri–Digha Express# Puri–Durg Express# Puri–Howrah Garib Rath Express# Puri–Ahmedabad Express# Puri–Kamakhya Weekly Express (via Adra)# Puri–Ahmedabad Weekly Express# Puri–Tirupati Express# Puri–Jaynagar Express"
],
[
"Notes",
"a.",
"Runs one day in a week for every direction"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vjosa Berisha"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vjosa Berisha''' (23 July 1972, Prishtina - 23 June 2022, London) was a director, co-owner, and executive director of B2 – PR & Media Solutions, a production and public relations company established in 2003 with offices in Kosovo and Albania.",
"She was also a co-founder and director of PriFilmFest – the Prishtina International Film Festival in Pristina.",
"Since 2013, she has been a member of the European Film Academy."
],
[
"Biography",
"Vjosa Berisha was born in Prishtina on July 23, 1972, where she finished primary and secondary school.",
"Berisha earned a master's degree in arts in Media and Communication from the University of Westminster, London, in the United Kingdom, and a postgraduate diploma in Contemporary Diplomacy from the University of Malta.",
"With over 20 years of experience in the film industry, she played a significant role in various PR and media projects.",
"Her contributions were crucial during the Independence Declaration campaign in Kosovo in 2008, supported by USAID and the Kosovo Government.Together with her husband, director Fatos Berisha, she founded the International Film Festival in Prishtina with the inspiring motto \"Friendship.",
"Forever\" In addition to her organizational role, she produced two artistic films, \"Flying Circus\" (2019) and co-produced the Macedonian film \"The Happiness Effect\" (2019).",
"Berisha's filmography also includes producing television programs and documentaries.",
"She was known for her passion for film, and support for young talents in Kosovo and the region.",
"Beyond her contributions to the film industry, she was an advocate for human rights, women's rights, and LGBTQ rights.Vjosa Berisha died on June 23, 2022."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ignacio Xavier Keller"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ignacio Xavier Keller''' (November 11, 1702 – August 1759) was a Jesuit missionary to Mexico at Mission Santa María Suamca.",
"His treatment of Pima leader Luis Oacpicagigua was an inciting factor in the Pima Revolt of 1751."
],
[
"Biography",
"===Early life ===Keller was born on November 11, 1702 in Olomouc, Moravia.",
"He joined the Society of Jesus on October 17, 1717.Dispatched to the Americas as a missionary, Keller arrived in Veracruz, Mexico on April 19, 1731, alongside fellow missionaries Philipp Segesser and Juan Bautista Grazhoffer.",
"After recovering from a bout of typhus, he was accompanied by Juan Bautista de Anza to his assigned mission, where Keller remained for about a year.",
"In 1732, he was reassigned further north, at Mission Santa María Suamca, where he arrived on April 20.===Mission Santa María Suamca===Keller remained at Santa María Suamca for the rest of his life.",
"Historian Kevin Starr, describing the \"whippings and confinement in stocks\" with which the Jesuits punished the natives, characterizes Keller as \"notably harsh – and therefore particularly hated.\"",
"Keller himself described his experiences at the mission:In 1736 and 1737, Keller explored along the Gila River, visiting local Pima villages on the way.",
"He baptized fifty-two native children during his visits, naming all twenty-six girls Catalina and all twenty-six boys Ignacio.",
"Eventually, Keller was forced to turn back due to encounters with hostile Apaches.",
"He attempted the journey again in 1745, and was again repelled.=== Pima Revolt ===In 1751, Pima leader Luis Oacpicagigua visited Santa María Suamca along with his two sons and his ally Luis Batiutuc.",
"According to Oacpicagigua's later testimony, he gave Keller a letter from Diego Ortiz Parrilla, and asked him about the location of Santiago Ruiz de Ael.",
"Keller, who may have been drunk at the time, responded dismissively, threatening to burn the letter, publicly criticizing Oacpicagigua for his Spanish style of clothing and weapons.",
"Despite Oacpicagigua's attempts at compliance, Keller grew increasingly irate; he called Oacpicagigua \"effeminate\", \"good for nothing\", and a \"Chichimeca dog\", and accused him of forming an alliance with the Apache.Not long after, Oacpicagigua led the 1751 Pima Revolt.",
"His conditions for peace included the demand that Keller be removed from his position, and he did not ultimately surrender until informed that Keller would be sent away.",
"Once captured and interrogated, Oacpicagigua described Keller's insults as the main precipitating cause of his rebellion.",
"His right-hand man, Pedro de la Cruz, also accused the Jesuits, including Keller, of mistreating the natives:After the revolt, Keller was summoned before the viceroy in Mexico City on charges of abuse towards the natives.",
"At the end of a five-year investigation, the viceroy concluded that the Pima Revolt could not be attributed to the actions of any one person, and Keller was allowed to return to his post.=== Later life ===Records from December 1753 show that Keller baptized 28 Indian children in a single month.",
"These children were brought to him by Spanish settlers; the settlers would keep the children as (servants), or sell them to purchasers such as Juan Tomás de Beldarrain, captain of Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac.In 1756, Keller accompanied Miguel Gerstner and Francisco Hlava to the San Pedro Valley in the hope of establishing a mission church there, but the three priests were repelled by the natives.Keller died in August 1759."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2023–24 Penn Quakers women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 Penn Quakers women's basketball team''' represents the University of Pennsylvania during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Quakers, led by 15th-year head coach Mike McLaughlin, play their home games at The Palestra in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as members of the Ivy League."
],
[
"Previous season",
"The Quakers finished the 2022–23 season 17–12, 9–5 in Ivy League play to finish in a tie for third place.",
"They were defeated by top-seeded Princeton in the semifinals of the Ivy League tournament.",
"They received an at-large bid into the WNIT, where they would be defeated by Richmond in the first round."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule and results",
" Non-conference regular season Ivy League regular seasonIvy League tournamentSources:"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2001 in Switzerland"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Events during the year '''2001 in Switzerland'''"
],
[
"Incumbents",
"*Federal Council:**Moritz Leuenberger (president)**Kaspar Villiger**Ruth Metzler-Arnold**Joseph Deiss**Pascal Couchepin**Ruth Dreifuss**Samuel Schmid"
],
[
"Events",
"* 31 March–8 April – The 2001 World Men's Curling Championship and 2001 World Women's Curling Championship take place in Lausanne.",
"* 27 September – A gunman kills 14 people in a parliament building in Zug before killing himself."
],
[
"Births",
"* 20 April – Nadja Kälin, cross-country skier* 1 June – Noè Ponti, swimmer* 17 August – Laura Felber, association footballer"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"National Intelligence and Security Service (Rwanda)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''National Intelligence and Security Agency''' is a Rwandan security and intelligence agency created in 1994 by the Rwandan Patriotic Front following the Rwandan genocide."
],
[
"Creation",
"The National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISS) of Rwanda was created in 1994 by the Rwandan Patriotic Front after it took power following the Rwandan genocide."
],
[
"Aims",
"The aims of NISS in 1994 were to monitor dissidents supportive of the previous government and refugees in neighbouring countries of Hutu ethnicity.",
", aims included monitoring of people of Hutu ethnicity, and tracing suspected perpetrators of the 1994 genocide."
],
[
"Presence",
", in addition to its presence in Rwanda, NISS was present in Eastern Africa, Belgium and the United States."
],
[
"Human rights violations",
"In 2011, according to Amnesty International and the Rwandan League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights, NISS was responsible for forced disappearances."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Alvania ellae"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Alvania ellae''''' is an extinct species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae."
],
[
"Distribution",
"Fossils were found in Mid Miocene strata in Central Europe"
],
[
"References",
"* Kowalke, T.; Harzhauser, M. (2004).",
"Early ontogeny and palaeoecology of the Mid-Miocene rissoid gastropods of the Central Paratethys.",
"Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.",
"49(1): 111–134."
],
[
"External links",
"* Boettger, O.",
"(1902).",
"Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der Mittelmiocänen Schichten von Kostej im Krassó-Szörénver Komitat.",
"(Mit einem Situationsplan der Fundpunkte).",
"II.",
"Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Siebenbürgischen Vereins für Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt.",
"(1901) 51: 1-200."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"AllPay v CEO of SASSA"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''AllPay Consolidated Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others v Chief Executive Officer of the South African Social Security Agency and Others''''' is the name of three related decisions of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, handed down in 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively.",
"The decisions led to the invalidation of an irregular contract between the South African Social Security Agency and Cash Paymaster Services for the administration of social grants nationwide, precipitating the grants crisis of 2017.Litigation continued in ''Black Sash v Minister of Social Development''."
],
[
"''AllPay'' ''I'': 2013",
"=== Background ===In February 2012, the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) awarded a R10-billion tender to Cash Paymaster Services, a subsidiary of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, under which Cash Paymaster was contracted to administer the payment of social grants to millions of beneficiaries countrywide.",
"An unsuccessful tenderer, AllPay Consolidated Holdings, contended that this contract was constitutionally invalid.",
"In particular, it alleged that there had been procedural irregularities, ''inter alia'', in the composition of the bid evaluation committee, in the due diligence conducted in respect of Cash Paymaster's black economic empowerment (BEE) compliance, and in SASSA's issuing of a \"bidders' notice\" in June 2011.AllPay therefore held that the tender process was inconsistent with section 217(1) of the Constitution, which required that public procurement processes must be carried out \"in accordance with a system which is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective\".",
"=== Prior action ===AllPay applied to the High Court of South Africa for judicial review of the tender award.",
"In August 2012, Judge Elias Matojane of the High Court's North Gauteng Division issued a declaratory order in AllPay's favour, holding that the tender process had indeed been invalid.",
"However, he declined to set the award aside, fearing that the practical effect of such a move would be to disrupt the delivery of social grants on which millions of residents relied.AllPay appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeal against the High Court's refusal to set the award aside, while Cash Paymaster cross-appealed the declaration of invalidity.",
"In March 2013, in a unanimous judgment authored by Judge of Appeal Robert Nugent, the Supreme Court found in Cash Paymaster's favour, overturning the declaratory order of the High Court.",
"The Supreme Court held, controversially, that it was not in the public interest to invalidate the tender because of what it called \"inconsequential irregularities\": procedural irregularities which had not affected the outcome of the tender process.",
"AllPay thus appealed to the Constitutional Court of South Africa.",
"The Constitutional Court heard argument on 10 September 2013, and it delivered judgment on 29 November 2013.Corruption Watch and the Centre for Child Law were admitted as amici curiae.",
"=== Judgment ===The Constitutional Court's judgment was written by Justice Johan Froneman on behalf of a unanimous bench which also included Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng, Deputy Chief Justice Dikgang Moseneke, Acting Justice Nonkosi Mhlantla, and Justices Edwin Cameron, Chris Jafta, Mbuyiseli Madlanga, Bess Nkabinde, Thembile Skweyiya, Johann van der Westhuizen, and Raymond Zondo.",
"The court found in AllPay's favour, upholding its appeal and reinstating the High Court's declaratory order to the effect that the award of the tender to Cash Paymaster was constitutionally invalid.",
"In reaching this conclusion, Froneman deviated markedly from the approach employed by the Supreme Court of Appeal.",
"He set out the following prescripts for evaluating the lawfulness of a tender award: * \"The suggestion that 'inconsequential irregularities' are of no moment conflates the test for irregularities and their import; hence an assessment of the fairness and lawfulness of the procurement process must be independent of the outcome of the tender process.",
"* The materiality of compliance with legal requirements depends on the extent to which the purpose of the requirements is attained.",
"* The constitutional and legislative procurement framework entails supply chain management prescripts that are legally binding.",
"* The fairness and lawfulness of the procurement process must be assessed in terms of the provisions of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act.",
"* Black economic empowerment generally requires substantive participation in the management and running of any enterprise.",
"* The remedy stage is where appropriate consideration must be given to the public interest in the consequences of setting the procurement process aside.Applying this framework, the court dismissed several of AllPay's arguments about alleged irregularities in aspects of the tender process.",
"However, it found that there had been two material irregularities, both in contravention of provisions of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act: SASSA had not required Cash Paymaster to substantiate its claim that its BEE partners would manage and execute over 74 per cent of the tender, and SASSA's bidders' notice of June 2011 had created \"vagueness and uncertainty\" about the criteria used in the tender process.",
"On these grounds, the award of the tender was invalid.",
"However, the court reserved judgment on the relief to be granted, pending a further hearing on 11 February 2014.Like the High Court, the court was perturbed by submissions which warned that setting aside the Cash Paymaster contract would cause \"great disruption\" to grant beneficiaries.",
"Moreover, Froneman found that the question of remedy raised \"difficult factual and legal issues\" which could not adequately be resolved with the information currently available to the court.",
"The court therefore suspended its order of invalidity and directed the disputants and amici curiae to furnish additional factual information and argument on the administration of social grants, the costs involved in implementing a new grants system, and possible means of ameliorating such costs."
],
[
"''AllPay'' ''II'': 2014",
"As it had directed in ''AllPay I'', the Constitutional Court heard argument on the question of relief on 11 February 2014.Deputy Chief Justice Moseneke (now acting as Chief Justice) and Justices Cameron, Froneman, Jafta, Madlanga, van der Westhuizen, and Zondo remained on the bench; they were newly joined by Justice Sisi Khampepe and Acting Justices Nambitha Dambuza and Steven Majiedt.",
"The court's judgment was handed down on 17 April 2014; like the judgment in ''AllPay I'', it was unanimous and was written by Justice Froneman.",
"=== Judgment ===In its order, the court ordered SASSA to initiate a new tender process for the administration of social grants, holding that Cash Paymaster \"has no right to benefit from an unlawful contract\".",
"In order to minimise the disruption to the delivery of social grants, it suspended its order of invalidity against the AllPay contract so that it would take effect only after SASSA had awarded a new tender.The court also imposed a structural interdict, an unusual remedy which required SASSA to make quarterly reports to the Registrar of the Constitutional Court on the progress of the tender evaluation process.",
"Cash Paymaster was also required to provide the court with an audited financial statement of the expenses and income it had incurred under the invalid contract."
],
[
"''AllPay III'': 2015",
"In ''AllPay Consolidated Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others v Chief Executive Officer of the South African Social Security Agency and Others'' (CCT 48/13) 2015 ZACC 7; 2015 (6) BCLR 653 (CC) (24 March 2015), the court heard a challenge lodged by AllPay against the new request for proposals that SASSA had issued to replace the invalidated tender."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"The invalidation of the Cash Paymaster contract in ''AllPay II'', and the intransigence of SASSA, led to the grants crisis of 2017 and to a related sequence of litigation in the Constitutional Court in ''Black Sash v Minister of Social Development''."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Further reading",
"* * *"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ardat-lilî"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Ardat-lilî''''' (Sumerian: '''''kisikillilla''''') was a Mesopotamian demon.",
"She is described as the ghost of a young woman who died without experiencing sexual fulfillment or getting married, and as a result attempts to seduce young men.",
"She is one of the members of the category of ''lil'' demons, who were considered subjects of Pazuzu.",
"A text placing her in the entourage of the god Erra is also known.",
"Incantations directed against her are attested as early as in the Old Babylonian period.",
"References to her are also known from other genres of texts."
],
[
"Name",
"In addition to the standard form ''ardat-lilî'', the variant ''wardat-lilîm'' appears in Old Babylonian sources.",
"The name can be translated as \"girl of the wind\" or \"phantom bride\".",
"The second half is derived from the Akkadian word ''lilû'', a loanword from Sumerian LIL2, which in turn depending on context can refer to winds, ghosts or demons.",
"It is possible that through folk etymologies it additionally came to be connected with Akkadian ''lilâtu'', \"night\".",
"''Ardat-lilî'' was also known under the Sumerian version of her name, ''kisikillilla'' or ''kisikillillaenna''.",
"However, Markham J. Geller notes that in bilingual incantations ''kisikillilla'' corresponds to a different demon, lilītu, while the Sumerian translation of ardat-lilî used in them ''kisikil-uddakarra'', \"maiden who the storm demon chose\".",
"However, this convention is not followed in an Old Babylonian lexical list, where kisikil uddakarra is given as the Sumerian name of a different demon, ''pāšittum''.",
"Despite phonetic similarities, the theonym Kilili is not related to ''kisikillila''."
],
[
"Character",
"While demons were typically less well defined than deities in Mesopotamian beliefs, stresses that in the case of ''ardat-lilî'' it is nonetheless possible to speak of a \"detailed, standardized set of motifs\".",
"Lorenzo Verderame notes that she was believed to have an \"appealing\" appearance, in contrast with other demons, who could be described as faceless, \"ever-changing\" (''uttakkarū'') or \"strange\" (''nakru'') She belonged to a class of supernatural beings designated by the term ''lil''.",
"It also included figures such as ''eṭel-lilî'' (\"phantom bridegroom\"), ''lilītu'' (\"female phantom\"), ''lilû'' (\"male phantom\") and possibly ''naššuqītu'' (\"phantom kisser\").",
"Additionally, Pazuzu was referred to as the king of the ''lil''.The ''lil'' demons were believed to be the ghosts of young people who died sexually unfulfilled.",
"Incantations focused on ''ardat-lilî'' accordingly describe her as a being who has never had sex, never got married and as a result had no family.",
"A single incantation additionally states that while still alive, ardat-lilî was unable to partake in a festival (''isinnu'') alongside other girls, which according to Julia Krul is most likely an allusion to a specific unidentified event which was focused on young women, as opposed to a general reference to religious celebrations.",
"''Ardat-lilî'' was believed to typically target young men, acting as a demonic seductress.",
"Her role can be compared to that of a succubus.",
"In a number of cases, exorcism formulas prescribe a mock marriage as a solution to problems caused by her.No evidence exists for any association between ''ardat-lilî'' and children."
],
[
"Attestations",
"===Incantations===Incantations dealing with ''ardat-lilî'' were already known in the Old Babylonian period.",
"The standard texts are bilingual, with Sumerian and Akkadian versions of the same formula listed side by side.",
"One of the early examples places her in the entourage of Erra.",
"''Ardat-lilî'' is also mentioned in incantations from the series ''Udug Hul''.",
"Markham J. Geller notes there is a degree of textual overlap between this corpus and independent ''ardat-lilî'' incantations.",
"She appears for example in a formula meant to prevent various demons from approaching their victims on tablet 6.However, on tablet 5 ''ardat-lilî'' is herself described as a victim of another demon and is placed under the protection of Ishtar.",
"The incantation is instead aimed against the ''utukku'' and ''alû''.",
"''Ardat-lilî'' appears alongside ''lilû'' and ''lilītu'' in an incantation targeting ''mimma lemnu'', \"any evil\", a personification of a formula referring to any possible cause of harm which has befallen a person.",
"Specific well known demons and illnesses are singled out as possible sources, but the cause ultimately remains undefined.",
"The formula was originally written in the seventh century by Nabû-kabti-aḫḫēšu, an exorcist from the temple of Ashur in Assur.",
"Later copies have been discovered during excavations of Uruk and Babylon as well.References to ''ardat-lilî'' have also been identified in medical incantations.",
"An illness called the \"''hand of ardat-lilî''\" (''qāt ardat lilî'') is known from multiple sources.",
"In the ''Assur Medical Catalogue'', it is described as the cause of ''la’bu'', which has been variously interpreted as a skin disease, a type of fever, or as a reference to an unidentified bodily fluid.===Other genres of texts===An astrological text from Sultantepe indicates that the twelfth day of the month was believed to be particularly suitable for performing rituals meant to ward off ''ardat-lilî''.Under her Sumerian name ''kisikillila'', ''ardat-lilî'' appears in the composition ''Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld''.",
"It belonged to the curriculum of Old Babylonian scribal schools, and as a result is well documented in the archeological record, with seventy four copies recovered as of 2014.",
"''Kisikillila'' is described in it as one of the three beings Gilgamesh has to drive away from the ''ḫalub'' tree planted by Inanna.",
"While part of the narrative was later translated into Akkadian and incorporated into the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'', the section dealing with the ''ḫalub'' tree was not, possibly due to thematically overlapping with the myth of the cedar forest.===Disputed or disproved examples===The Burney Relief.In the past identification of the figure depicted on the Burney Relief as ardat-lilî or lilītu has been proposed, but today it is considered implausible as it is unlikely a figure perceived negatively would be represented as a cultic image.",
"In ancient Mesopotamia demons were not an object of cult, and it was believed they are incapable of heeding prayers of humans the way gods were supposed to.",
"With the exception of first millennium BCE exorcist rituals which required the preparation of figures of demons such as Lamashtu, ''utukku'' or ''rābiṣu'', there is no evidence that demons known from exorcistic literature were depicted in Mesopotamian art.",
"Such figures would generally be destroyed as a part of the ceremony.While it has been suggested that a passage in the Old Babylonian hymn to Ishtar preserved on the tablet AO 6035 might refer to the eponymous deity as the mistress of ''ardat-lilî'' or another similarly named demon, Michael P. Streck and Nathan Wasserman conclude that the word ''līlu'', \"evening\", is meant instead."
],
[
"Notes"
],
[
"References",
"===Bibliography===** *********** **"
],
[
"External links",
"*'' Gilgameš, Enkidu and the nether world'' in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Duman Mukhammedkarim"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Duman Almasuly Mukhammedkarim''' (; born 9 July 1978) is a Kazakhstani journalist.",
"After decades working for the Qazaqstan Radio and Television Corporation, he founded his own YouTube channel, Ne Deidi, in 2015, from which he covered significant events in Kazakhstan, including most notably the January Events.",
"In 2023, Mukhammedkarim was arrested and detained multiple times over a three-month period, and since June 2023 has been detained under charges of funding and participating in extremist activities, which human rights organisations have described as \"dubious\" and a \"gross violation\" of his human rights."
],
[
"Early life and career",
"Mukhammedkarim was born in Urzhar, a village in what is now the Abai Region of Kazakhstan, to Aimaz Tilepov and Kalimash Rymbekovyna.",
"During the 1990s, he started working for Kazakhstan's state broadcaster, Qazaqstan Radio and Television Corporation, first at local stations in Semey and Astana, before working for national television channels and radio stations.",
"He also briefly acted as a press secretary for an akim in the West Kazakhstan Region."
],
[
"Independent journalism and activism",
"In 2015, Mukhammedkarim created his own YouTube channel entitled Ne Deydi (), which had 145, 000 subscribers as of February 2024.Through the channel, he reported on significant events within Kazakhstan, notably becoming one of the few journalists to report on the January Events of 2022, and the subsequent government crackdown, from the scene in Almaty.=== November 2022 arrests ===In November 2022, following the presidential election, in which the incumbent Kassym-Jomart Tokayev was re-elected, Mukhammedkarim described the process as \"illegal\" and called for peaceful protests, describing Tokayev as being just as repressive as his predecessor, Nursultan Nazarbayev, despite presenting himself as a reformist.",
"Following his comments, he was arrested for the first time and detained for 15 days before being released.=== 2023 arrests ===In March 2023, Mukhammedkarim ran as an independent candidate in local elections for the Almaty Regional Mäslihat as part of a broader coalition of activists running as independents.",
"Mukhammedkarim was initially rejected as a candidate, but after suing the electoral commission, he was added to the ballot; he was ultimately not elected as a deputy.",
"After the results were published, Mukhammedkarim called for a protest rally to dispute the results, and was subsequently arrested and detained for 25 days, being released on 15 April.On 1 May 2023, Mukhammedkarim was arrested again, and detained for a further 25 days, after mentioning in a YouTube video a rally that had been called for by Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, a political party officially denoted as \"extremist\" by the Kazakhstani government.",
"He was charged with \"violating the order of peaceful assembly\", and was released on 26 May.Two days after being released, on 28 May 2023, Mukhammedkarim was arrested for a third time that year, after calling for a rally to be held on 31 May to commemorate victims of the famine of 1930 to 1933.The following day, Mukhammedkarim went on hunger strike to protest his arrests and the charges against him.",
"His father also went on strike in front of the prosecutor's office in Ile District, but was forced to stop on 6 June due to high blood pressure; Mukhammedkarim ended his own strike on 12 June.On 22 June 2023, the date his detention was supposed to end, Mukhammedkarim's detention was extended for a further two months as two new charges were filed against him, of \"financing extremist activities\" and \"participating in the activities of a banned extremist organisation\" in breach of articles 405 and 258 of the criminal code, respectively.",
"The charges were linked to an interview Mukhammedkarim had posted on Ne Deidi with Mukhtar Ablyazov, the exiled head of the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, who had been considered an extremist since a 2018 court ruling.",
"Mukhammedkarim's solicitor, Ghalym Nurpeisov, appealed the decision, citing his poor health due to experiencing kidney issues following his hunger strike.",
"Mukhammedkarim was detained in Taldykorgan in Jetisu Region.In December 2023, Mukhammedkarim's detention was extended again for at least an additional month, according to Nurpeisov.",
"Nurpeisov also climaed that authorities had offered to sentence Mukhammedkarim to six years imprisonment if he agreed to give up his work as a journalist, an offer that had been declined by Mukhammedkarim.",
"That same month, the Minister of Information, Darkhan Kydyraly, publicly stated that Mukhammedkarim had been arrested for his political views and not due to his journalism.In January 2024, it was announced that Mukhammedkarim's trial would start on 12 February 2024.A state-commissioned psychological and philological analysis of Mukhammedkarim's interview with Ablyazov found that Mukhammedkarim's words \"promoted extremist ideas and views\" and \"showed signs of participation\" with the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan, though concluded he had also discussed the importance of peaceful protest and had not called for the forceful seizure of power.",
"Two additional videos from April 2023 were found to show \"signs of propaganda\" for extremist ideology.",
"Additional information cited by prosecutors as evidence of funding extremism stemmed from Mukhammedkarim commenting on his interview with Ablyazov with a link to donate to him.=== Response ===Human Rights Watch accused the Kazakhstani government of attempting to silence Mukhammedkarim due to his status as an independent journalist who frequently criticised Kazakhstani authorities.",
"They compared the charges against him as being similar to those levied against other government critics, including politician Marat Zhylanbayev, who had been sentenced to seven years in prison in 2023 on extremism charges widely considered to be fraudulent.The International Federation of Journalists called Mukhammedkarim's arrest as \"contrary to freedom of expression and freedom of the press\".The Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law identified that Mukhammedkarim's rights as a journalist were guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which had been ratified by Kazakhstan, and stated that the Kazakhstani government was \"grossly violating\" these rights."
],
[
"See also",
"* Marat Zhylanbayev: Kazakh politician similarly dubiously charged with extremism"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Multi-member districts in the United States"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Multi-member districts in the United States''' refers to electoral districts in the United States of America which can send multiple individuals to represent the same district.",
"Currently, these districts exist only at the level of state and local governments.",
"There are no Congressional districts which can elect more than one representative for a local district."
],
[
"State governmental systems",
"There are several states which allow one district to elect more than one representative to the state legislature.",
"Some states which employ this system appear below.",
"The states below always use multi-member districts.",
"*Arizona* New Jersey* South Dakota* Washington"
],
[
"See also",
"*Multi-member districts* State constitutions*State constitutions in the United States*State legislatures*State legislature (United States)* List of United States state legislatures===Specific states===* New Jersey General Assembly*Washington House of Representatives"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Criteria for state legislative districts article at Loyola University website.",
"* Multimember Districts' Effect on Collaboration between U.S. State Legislators, by Justin Kirkland, Legislative Studies Quarterly, Vol.",
"37, No.",
"3 (AUGUST 2012), pp.",
"329-353 (25 pages), Published By: Washington University"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"National Intelligence and Security Service (disambiguation)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''National Intelligence and Security Service''' is in Ethiopia.",
"'''National Intelligence and Security Service''' may also refer to:"
],
[
"Security agencies",
"* The National Intelligence and Security Service (Rwanda), created in 1994* General Intelligence Service (Sudan), which was named the National Intelligence and Security Service during the al-Bashir presidency of Sudan, prior to its change of name in 2019"
],
[
"Similarly named security agencies",
"*National Intelligence and Security Agency (Somalia)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"In Search of the Edge"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''In Search of the Edge''''' is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Scott Barrie and released in 1990.Conceived in part as an educational film on media literacy and critical thinking skills, the film is a mockumentary that aims to debunk flat earth theory by presenting it as if it were true, thus exposing its contradictions and absurdities.",
"It is based in part on the story of Andrea Barnes, a fictional scientist who purportedly disappeared in Antarctica while searching for the edge of the earth, and is claimed by the film's participants to have fallen off the edge.The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Short Documentary at the 12th Genie Awards in 1991."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2023–24 FC Viktoria Plzeň season"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2023–24 season''' is the FC Viktoria Plzeň's 113th year in existence and 19th consecutive season in the Czech First League.Viktoria Plzeň started their European campaign in the second qualifying round beating Drita 2–1 and then minnows Gżira United 6–0, before defeating Tobol 5–1 in play-off round to clinch a berth to the group stage.",
"They topped their group winning all six matches."
],
[
"Players",
"===Current squad===.===Out on loan==="
],
[
"Transfers",
"=== In ===PlayerTransferred fromFeeDateSource Slavia PragueUndisclosed KarvinaUndisclosed VyškovLoan VyškovLoan Slavia PragueUndisclosed Slavia PragueUndisclosed"
],
[
"Pre-season and friendlies"
],
[
"Competitions",
"=== Overall record ====== Czech First League ======= League table ======== Results summary ======== Results by round ======== Matches ====The league fixtures were unveiled on 21 June 2023.=== Czech Cup ======UEFA Europa Conference League=======Second qualifying round========Third qualifying round========Play-off round========Group stage====The draw for the group stage was held on 1 September 2023.====Knockout phase=========Round of 16====="
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kuntarahoitus"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Head office of Kuntarahoitus in Helsinki'''Kuntarahoitus Oyj''', variously branded '''Municipal Finance''' or '''Municipality Finance''' or '''MuniFin''' in English, is a public financial institution in Finland and the country's third-largest credit institution by total assets, behind Nordea and OP.Kuntarahoitus plays a central role in financing local government in Finland.",
"It is the first Finnish green and social bond issuer.",
"Its customers are Finnish municipalities, municipal associations, municipal-owned enterprises, and public-benefit housing companies that engage in state-supported social housing production and are approved by the Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland (ARA).",
"As of end-2022, it had €48 billion in total assets.Kuntarahoitus has been a member of the United Nations Global Compact since October 2020."
],
[
"Overview",
"Kuntarahoitus was established in 2001 by merger of two predecessor entities, the so-called the old Kuntarahoitus Oy (est.",
"1990) and Kuntien Asuntoluotto Oyj.",
"As of the mid-2010s, it financed around 80 percent of municipal debt in Finland.In late 2015, Kuntarahoitus has been designated as a Significant Institution under European Banking Supervision, and has been subsequently supervised by the European Central Bank.Kuntarahoitus has approximately 284 shareholders, including municipalities (53 percent in aggregate), the national pension agency Keva (31 percent), and the Finnish government (16 percent).",
"It is mainly funded by securities issuance, for which it benefits from the same rating as the Finnish government thanks to a guarantee provided by the Municipal Guarantee Board (MGB, ).",
"In both 2021 and 2022, Kuntarahoitus won the municipality green bond of the year award from Environmental Finance, a specialized publication."
],
[
"See also",
"* Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten* Crédit Communal de Belgique* SFIL"
],
[
"Notes"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Bartolomeo Arbotori"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Bartolomeo Arbotori''' (Piacenza, 20 April 1650 – Parma, 23 August 1732) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Piacenza and Parma.",
"He is known for still-life paintings of live and dead game, including animals, birds, and fish.",
"Felice Boselli painted in his studio."
],
[
"References",
"* Emilia Romagna by Touring club italiano.",
"This source lists Boselli's first master as Bartolomeo Arbotori."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Sophie Richardson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sophie Richardson''' is an American political scientist and human rights advocate.",
"Currently she is a visiting scholar at Stanford University Freeman Spogli Institute's Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law, where she researches global democratic responses to rising PRC authoritarian influence.",
"She is also a senior advisor at the University of Pennsylvania's Project on the Future of U.S.-China Relations and a senior China advisor at Climate Rights International.",
"Previously she served for 17 years as the China Director at Human Rights Watch."
],
[
"Education",
"Richardson holds a BA in East Asian studies from Oberlin College and a PhD in political science and government from the University of Virginia (UVA).",
"She also holds a graduate certificate from the Hopkins-Nanjing Center.",
"She speaks Mandarin Chinese."
],
[
"Career",
"Richardson joined Human Rights Watch (HRW) as its Washington, D.C.-based China Director in 2006 after completing her PhD at UVA.",
"Between then and 2023, she led HRW's China-related research and advocacy work.",
"She was named one of the \"U.S.-China 50\" by ''Foreign Policy'' in 2017.She has testified in front of the U.S. Congress, the Canadian Parliament, and the European Parliament.In July 2023, Richardson was disinvited from a U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce hearing titled \"Exposing the Dangers of the Influence of Foreign Adversaries on College Campuses,\" after she refused to remove \"the Trump administration’s fanning of anti-Chinese racism\" from her written testimony, at the request of committee staff members.",
"''PEN America'' criticized the move, noting the committee's decision to disinvite Richardson \"due to her criticism of an American president is deeply disappointing and contrary to the Committee’s legitimate interests.\"",
"''PEN'' continued: \"Eliminating the voice of Ms. Richardson as a witness on the basis of her expert analysis while Committee members simultaneously condemn China’s system of political and academic censorship sends precisely the wrong message.\""
],
[
"Publications",
"=== Books ===* China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, ''Columbia University Press'', December 2009=== Reports ===* China's influence on the global human rights system, ''Brookings Institution'', September 2020=== Articles ===* Beijing Is Pouring Resources into Its UN Human Rights Review—All to Prevent Any Real Review from Taking Place, ''ChinaFile'', January 22, 2024 (co-authored with Rana Siu Inboden)* Biden, Xi, and ‘Responsible Management’ of Atrocity Crimes, ''The Diplomat'', November 14, 2023* Democracies must stand firm against Xi Jinping’s next assault on human rights, ''Washington Post'', October 2022* Only an international effort can put an end to China’s crimes in Xinjiang, ''The Guardian'', May 16, 2021 (co-authored with Jewher Ilham)* Biden Must Stand Up to China on Human Rights, ''Foreign Affairs'', November 27, 2020* Foreign firms operating in Xinjiang need to consider human rights - or risk being complicit, ''Washington Post'', August 16, 2019* How to Deal With China's Human Rights Abuses, ''ChinaFile'', September 1, 2016* Since When Does Xi Rule Britannia?",
"''Foreign Policy'', October 20, 2015* U.S. Should Make More Public Statements About China's Human Rights, ''ChinaFile'', July 7, 2015* How the West Was Lost, ''Foreign Policy'', February 23, 2015* Hong Kong Gets Out the Vote, ''Foreign Policy'', June 25, 2014* The Head of China’s Petitioning Office, ''Foreign Policy'', June 6, 2013* \"Researching Sino-Cambodian Relations: Some Personal Reflections”, Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review, University of Hawai'i Press, Volume 1, Number 2, November 2012* Human Rights Now, ''Foreign Policy'', November 15, 2012* Let a Hundred Volunteers Bloom, ''Foreign Affairs'', October 11, 2012* State of Injustice, ''Foreign Policy'', April 30, 2012* April Is the Cruelest Month … for China, ''Foreign Policy'', April 19, 2012* The Forbidden Citizen, ''Foreign Policy'', February 2, 2012* Is Talking to Beijing About Human Rights a Waste of Time?",
"''Foreign Policy'', May 12, 2010* America Needs Human Rights in China, ''Wall Street Journal'', November 4, 2009* Hillary Clinton’s Beijing gaffe, ''Foreign Policy'', February 26, 2009=== Testimonies ===* House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party Hearing on \"CCP Transnational Repression: The Party’s Effort to Silence and Coerce Critics Overseas” – December 13, 2023 – Written testimony of Sophie Richardson, PhD, December 13, 2023* \"Rule by Fear: 30 Years After Tiananmen Square”, U.S. ''Senate Foreign Relations Committee'', June 2019* Testimony of Dr. Sophie Richardson, China Director, Human Rights Watch, before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, May 4, 2017 * Testimony of Sophie Richardson before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, June 2011* Testimony of Sophie Richardson before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, \"The Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China,\" February 2008"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* An Interview with Sophie Richardson, Columbia University Press"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tenda people"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Tenda''' or '''Tanda''' are an ethnolinguistic group living in the southern Senegal, northeastern Guinea-Bissau, and northern Guinea, comprising the Bassari, the Konyagui, the Bedik, and the Badiaranke."
],
[
"Etymology",
"''Tenda'' is the Mandinka word for a landing place or wharf, reflecting the Tenda region's historic importance as a river crossing."
],
[
"History",
"The Tenda historically occupied much of what is now southeastern Senegal.",
"In particular, the stretch of the Gambia river between the Nieriko and Niokolo Koba was not navigable by water but offered many excellent fords.",
"It was a preferred crossing place for caravans plying the trade routes that linked Kaabu, the Futa Jallon, the states of Senegambia, the gold fields of Bambouk and Bure, and the great Niger river cities such as Djenné.The area was a major source of slaves from the 1670s to the 1730s."
],
[
"Languages",
"The Tenda languages are a part of the Senegambian language family."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Sources",
"* ''Traditions et changements dans les populations tenda : colloque international : Kédougou (Sénégal Oriental), 9-16 février 1978'', Centre de recherches anthropologiques, Musée de l'homme, Paris, 1978, p. 17 (in French)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Mixed Doubles Players' Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Mixed Doubles Players' Championship''', also known as the '''Mixed Doubles Super Series Burford Heating and Curling Players Championship''' is an annual mixed doubles curling tournament on the Mixed Doubles Super Series curling tour.",
"It is held annually at the Brant Curling Club in Brantford, Ontario.The purse for the event is $20,000, and has attracted teams from across Canada and the world.",
"The event has been held since the 2022–23 season, the first season of the Mixed Doubles Super Series.",
"The event acts as the series' championship, and is the final event of series.",
"In 2022, the event was known as the '''Eppic Ale Players Championship''', and was streamed on CBC's website and on CBC Gem.",
"The first event was held using a triple knockout format.",
"The event is organized by Wayne Tuck Jr. and Jay Allen.",
"It idea behind the Super Series was to help mixed doubles teams in Canada in their road to qualifying for the 2026 Winter Olympics.",
"Prior to the Super Series, a Mixed Doubles Players' Championship was held at the Leduc Recreation Centre in Leduc, Alberta in March 2022.CurlingZone considers it to be the same event."
],
[
"Past champions",
" Year Winning pair Runner up pair Semifinalists Winners share ($CA) 2022 (Mar.)",
"Kelsey Rocque / John Epping Chelsea Carey / Rylan Kleiter Clancy Grandy / Patrick Janssen & Jennifer Jones / Brent Laing $5,000 2022 (Dec.) Marie Kaldvee / Harri Lill Jenny Perret / Martin Rios Kira Brunton / Brad Jacobs & Jennifer Armstrong / Brayden Stewart $7,500 2024 Marie Kaldvee / Harri Lill Kristin Moen Skaslien / Magnus Nedregotten Jennifer Jones / Brent Laing & Lisa Weagle / John Epping"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kansas City Pro Volleyball Team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kansas City Pro Volleyball Team''' is an expansion indoor volleyball team for the 2025 season."
],
[
"History",
"On November 8, 2023, Kansas City was announced as a 2025 expansion team in the Pro Volleyball Federation, owned by Missy and Kent McCarthy.",
"The team has named Lori Thomas as Team President."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Kansas City Pro Volleyball official website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Sophie Ottaway"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Sophie Ottaway''' (born 20 March 1986) is a British individual known for her gender being changed as a baby without her knowledge."
],
[
"Early life",
"Sophie Ottaway was born in 1986 with cloacal exstrophy, a rare medical condition.",
"This condition, a form of bladder exstrophy, involves abnormalities in the urinary and digestive systems.",
"Ottaway's bladder was externally located, along with portions of her intestines, and she also had a small split penis."
],
[
"Medical intervention",
"Shortly after Ottaway's birth, doctors recommended immediate surgery to alter her gender from male to female.",
"This was advised to be done before the official registration of birth, and was performed when Ottaway was two days old.",
"The doctors who performed this surgery on Ottaway told her parents this surgery would lead to fewer complications and a more \"normal\" childhood for their child, and that if they did not tell Ottaway she was assigned male at birth, she would not question her gender identity.",
"No psychological support was offered to Ottaway or her family.Up until 11 years old, Ottaway looked androgynous.",
"At 12 years old, Ottaway went to the doctor for feminising hormones; she was not told the nature of these hormones, instead told this was because her ovaries were removed as they were damaged at birth.",
"During her teens, Ottaway questioned her sexual orientation as she was sexually attracted to women."
],
[
"Legacy",
"As a result of her experiences, Ottaway has cautioned against \"rushing\" gender-affirming hormone therapy for \"vulnerable\" children and emphasising the importance of informed consent in medical decisions.",
"Regarding her own gender identity, she has said that \"I actually don't care about the body\" she is in at the moment."
],
[
"Discovery of birth sex",
"When Ottaway was 22 years old, she accidentally learned her birth sex during a routine doctor's appointment.",
"Ottaway struggled to come to terms with what happened and later developed substance abuse, becoming addicted to alcohol and cocaine."
],
[
"See also",
"* Intersex medical interventions"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"George Edward Robertson"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''George Edward Robertson''' (1864 – 1920) was a British painter, best remembered for his oil paintings of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.",
"He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts in London from 1885 to 1904."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"James Baldwin in France"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Baldwin in 1969James Baldwin was born in and lived his entire childhood and adolescence in Harlem.",
"He expatriated and lived most of his adult life in France, though he traveled frequently and had extended stays in other countries (Switzerland and Turkey).",
"He lived in Paris for 9 years and in Saint-Paul-de-Vence for 17 years.",
"France and his other stays abroad provided him with a vantage point for observing his own, American culture, which was the main subject of his work."
],
[
"Prelude to expatriation",
"Baldwin describes his primary motive for leaving left New York as one of self-preservation.",
"He was afraid that, if he stayed, his anger about the racial situation in the United States would inexorably lead to his own death.",
"For him, exile was a survival strategy preserving him from “madness, violence and suicide.”,.",
"A close friend of his, political activist Eugene Worth (whom Baldwin described as a “black man I loved with all my heart”), committed suicide in December 1946, an act that Baldwin saw as a inward-turning and self-destructive response to the ambient racism.His homosexuality further complicated his relationship with his home country (at the time, sodomy was a crime in many US states, including New York).Baldwin had supportive friends – the painter, Beauford Delaney, and the writer, Richard Wright.",
"Wright recognized his talent and, in 1948, helped Baldwin secure a fellowship in support of his work on his first novel, ''Go Tell it on the Mountain''.",
"The fellowship stipend financed his first trip to France, but he gave much of it to his mother because his stepfather had died several years earlier, leaving her with 8 younger children."
],
[
"Paris",
"Saint-Germain de Prés, where Baldwin wrote during his Parisian yearsBaldwin traveled to Paris, arriving in November 1948 with only forty dollars in his pocket.",
"He was 24 years old.During the first part of his stay in Paris, Baldwin lived in cheap hotels, mostly in the Saint-Germain-de-Prés district of Paris.",
"There, he joined a significant community of intellectuals and artists, including a number of Black Americans (e.g., Josephine Baker and Richard Wright) who were mainly involved in the arts and entertainment.",
"He was also acquainted with several French intellectuals such as Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre.",
"He wrote in the cafés of Saint-Germain de Prés, especially the Café de Flore.Baldwin seems to have found life in Paris congenial.",
"Freed from the anxieties of life as a black, gay man in New York, he appreciated “the arrogant indifference on the part of the Parisian, with its unpredictable effects on the traveler, which makes so splendid the Paris air, to say nothing whatever of the exhilarating effect it has on the Paris scene.” His stay was not without trouble, however.",
"Early on, he was jailed for having sheets that had been stolen from a hotel room by a friend of his.",
"He spent 8 days in jail over Christmas in 1949.Subsequent commentary shows that he was aware that the French legal system, like the American system, was run by people \"who consider themselves to be at a safe remove from all the wretched, for whom the pain of the living is not real.\"",
"Baldwin described his prison experience in a chapter of ''Notes of a Native Son''.",
"He also had a violent argument with his mentor, Richard Wright, after he published in ''Notes of a Native Son'' a highly critical chapter (''Everybody’s Protest Novel'') about Wright's major novel, ''Native Son;'' this led to a permanent estrangement between the two men.Although perhaps originally motivated by self-preservation, Baldwin quickly found that his exile to France was also a journey of self-discovery: “In America, the color of my skin had stood between myself and me; that barrier was down ... it turned out that the question of who I am was not solved because I had removed myself from the social forces that menaced me — anyway, these forces had become interior and I had dragged them across the ocean with me.",
"The question of who I was had at last become a personal question, and the answer was to be found in me.”Baldwin's time in Paris was fruitful — he completed a large portion of his first novel, ''Go Tell It on the Mountain''.",
"He also wrote there his bestseller, ''Giovanni's Room'' (which draws on his experiences with the gay scene in Paris) and an influential compilation of essays, ''Notes of a Native Son''."
],
[
"Saint-Paul-de-Vence",
"The house in Saint-Paul-de-Vence where James Baldwin lived and diedBy the 1970s, Baldwin was suffering from ill health, exhaustion and, possibly, alcoholism.",
"With the help of French film star, Simone Signoret, Baldwin moved to the Saint-Paul-de-Vence in 1971, following a serious bout of depression and illness.",
"He had long-standing problems with depression and tried to commit suicide several times during his life.",
"Baldwin initially stayed in hotels in Saint Paul, but later moved to a sprawling 17th century property, located a short distance from the Saint Paul's ramparts.",
"Using funds he earned from his writings, he gradually bought pieces of the property, which had a large garden.",
"Saint-Paul de-Vence became Baldwin's final and only settled home as an adult (although Baldwin himself stated that “home is not a place, but simply an irrecoverable condition”).As was typical for him, Baldwin's social life was active during the years he lived in Saint Paul.",
"Performers at the jazz festivals in nearby Nice and Juan-les-Pins would stay with him (e.g., Josephine Baker, Ray Charles, Miles Davis and Nina Simone).",
"Actor Bill Cosby also visited him and, every year for his birthday, sent him a bouquet with the same number of roses as his age.",
"He also befriended the French intellectuals and artists who had homes in Saint Paul, such as Yves Montand, Simone Signoret and Marguerite Yourcenar.Despite Baldwin's hectic socializing, the house provided a place where Baldwin could work, though he referred to the study where he wrote as his ‘torture chamber’.",
"Hé wrote, in full or in part, ''Just Above My Head'', ''If Beale Street Could Talk'', ''Harlem Quartet'' and ''Open Letter to My Sister, Angela Y. Davis'' in Saint-Paul.On 1 December 1987, Baldwin died at the Saint-Paul house."
],
[
"World traveler and “transatlantic commuter”",
"Go Tell it on the MountainBaldwin did not live a settled life in France — he was constantly on the move.",
"Paris and Saint-Paul-de-Vence were his bases of operation, from which he made visits of varying lengths to many countries as well as many stops in the United States.",
"Some of these stays served the purpose helping him escape from his many invitations and obligations.",
"=== Loèche-les-Bains ===Switzerland provided the first respite from his hectic way of life in France.",
"In the winter of 1951, he stayed for 3 months in a chalet owned by a friend in the tiny, isolated village of Loèche-les-Bains in the Swiss Alps in order to finish ''Go Tell it on the Mountain''.",
"He reported that he listened to Bessie Smith records while finishing the novel, explaining that her music helped him “to dig back to ... remember the things I had heard and seen and felt.” He stayed several more times at his friend’s house in Loèche, a village where most of the inhabitants had never seen a black man.",
"One of the chapters of ''Notes of a Native Son'' (Stranger in the Village) describes these stays and draws a parallel between the treatment he received there and his treatment as a black man in the United States.=== Istanbul ===Baldwin also made several lengthy visits to Istanbul.",
"For the first visit in the summer of 1961, he showed up unannounced at the home of a friend, Engin Cezzar, with whom he had worked in New York.",
"A party was going on, but the exhausted Baldwin soon fell asleep.",
"He had in his suitcase an unfinished manuscript of the novel, ''Another Country,'' which he had been working on for years''.''",
"He hoped to complete this novel during his stay in Istanbul and he succeeded.",
"For Baldwin, Istanbul was isolated in the sense that it removed him his usual professional and social contacts — he knew few people there and did not speak the language.",
"It afforded him a quiet space where he was able to complete his novel in 2 months.",
"The novel ends with the note, “Istanbul, Dec. 10, 1961”.",
"A history of Baldwin’s travels and writings states that he “returned to the city many times during the next ten years, making it a second or third not-quite-home.” Istanbul seems to have served mainly as a refuge that provided a context in which he could write; it does not directly feature in any of his fiction, though it could have indirectly influenced some of it.=== Transatlantic commuting and other travels ===During his 23-year stay in France, Baldwin frequently returned to the United States in order to conduct business, renew ties with the mother country and support in the Civil Rights movement.",
"In an interview with Studs Terkel, Baldwin states: I never intended to come back to this country .... (but) I am an American writer.",
"My subject is my country.",
"I had to come back to check my impressions, and, as it turned out, to be stung again, to look at it again, to bear it again, and to be reconciled to it again.",
"Now, I imagine, I will have to spend the rest of my life as a kind of transatlantic commuter.”In addition to Switzerland,Turkey and the United States, Baldwin’s travels included trips to England, Israel, Puerto Rico, Israel, Senegal and the Soviet Union."
],
[
"Role of expatriation in Baldwin's ''oeuvre''",
"Baldwin spent most of his adult life abroad and \"it is widely recognised that the Parisian and, more broadly, the European experience was crucial in Baldwin's personal and creative life.\"",
"His expatriation placed him in a long line of American writers whose stays in Europe had a profound influence on their work (e.g., Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein).",
"In the words of the National Museum of African-American History and Culture, \"Baldwin's time abroad nurtured his literary focus on the complexities of the human experience \".",
"His travels, and especially his decades-long stay in France, provided a vantage point from which to observe his own country, the main subject of his ''oeuvre''.",
"Coles describes America “as a country Baldwin insists he never really left, only crossed the ocean to look at more intently.\"",
"In this respect, Baldwin is frequently compared to James Joyce, who was an expatriate whose major works were exclusively about Ireland.Baldwin’s expatriation helped him see more clearly the interlinked roles of blacks and whites in American society and his own “role” as a black and gay man in this society.",
"As one critic puts it, his stay in Paris “enabled Baldwin to shed what he felt to be his oppressive and imposed ‘Negro’ identity and embrace a much more emancipated and individuated sense of himself as an American.",
"Intrinsic to this new sense of himself was his realization that he shared an identity and an experience of alienation common to all Americans”.",
"He had not realized how American he was until he stepped into another culture.",
"In Baldwin's own words:… expatriation brought home what it meant to be an American: In my necessity to find the terms on which my experience could be related to that of others, Negroes and Whites, writers and non-writers, I proved, to my astonishment, to be as American as any Texas G.I.” Baldwin’s view of the interlinked identities of white and black Americans and their shared American experience (but, an experience seen through two different lenses) explains why he felt comfortable writing novels that had few, if any, black characters (e.g., ''Giovanni's room'') and why he did not wish to be thought of as what was euphemistically referred to a “Negro writer”.",
"In an analysis of ''Giovanni's room'' (which has no black, but many gay characters and which draws on Baldwin's experience of gay life in Paris), a critic states: \"expatriation freed Baldwin to interrogate the complexities of his own identify as a writer, as an American, and as a homosexual, outside the sexually and politically repressive climate of postwar America.\"",
"In the words of another critic: This search for self identity led toward new insights into ... how his own national identity expressed a 'hybrid' cultural history, and how the social role of a writer must move from isolation back to a public identity and public interventions.",
"All these themes in Baldwin's Parisian work expressed his creative response to expatriate experiences, but they also lead to some of the most influential theories in our own era's intellectual culture."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Guilty or Not Guilty (play)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Guilty or Not Guilty''''' is an 1804 comedy play by the British author Thomas Dibdin.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 26 May 1804.The original cast included Robert Palmer as Major Corslet, William Chapman as Mr. Balance, Robert William Elliston as Edmond Rigid, Vincent De Camp as Sir Harry Pointer, Charles Mathews as Triangle and Maria Gibbs as Nancy."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Rakesh Varre"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Rakesh Varre''' is an Indian actor who works for Telugu cinema.",
"He played negative roles in some films including in the ''Baahubali'' film series.",
"He made his lead debut with ''Evvarikee Cheppoddu'' (2019)."
],
[
"Filmography",
"+Key Denotes films that have not yet been released Year Film Role Notes 2009 ''Josh'' Radha credited as Rakesh 2010''Vedam''2011''Badrinath''Nani2013''Mirchi''Rahul2015''Baahubali: The Beginning''Sethupathi2017''Baahubali 2: The Conclusion''Sethupathi2017Jai Lava KusaDeva2017Middle Class AbbayiRakesh2018''Goodachari''Mohammad Basha2019''Evvarikee Cheppoddu''HariAlso producer2023''Miss Shetty Mr Polishetty''AdityaPekamedalu"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Guntur Kaaram (soundtrack)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Guntur Kaaram''''' is the soundtrack to the 2024 film of the same name directed by Trivikram Srinivas starring Mahesh Babu, Sreeleela, Meenakshi Chaudhary, Ramya Krishna, Jayaram, Prakash Raj and Jagapathi Babu.",
"The film's musical score is composed by Thaman S whose soundtrack consisted of six songs written by Ramajogayya Sastry, Gongura and Trivikram.",
"Five of them were released as singles before the soundtrack's official release through Aditya Music label on 26 January 2024."
],
[
"Background",
"In August 2021, the producers revealed the film's prelimnary cast and crew with Thaman being confirmed to be the music director.",
"The film marked Thaman's fifth collaboration with Babu after ''Dookudu'' (2011), ''Businessman'' (2012), ''Aagadu'' (2014), and ''Sarkaru Vaari Paata'' (2022); third collaboration with Trivikram after ''Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava'' (2018) and ''Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo'' (2020).",
"Compositions for the film's music began in June 2022."
],
[
"Album information",
"\"Dum Masala\" is the first song from the album which was performed by Sanjith Hegde, with additional vocals by Jyoti Nooran.",
"The song is the introductory number for Ramana (Babu), that sings praises of his glory and charm.",
"The second track \"Oh My Baby\" is a romantic number picturized on Ramana and Ammu (Sreeleela), where the latter expresses her feelings for the former.",
"It is sung by Shilpa Rao.",
"\"Kurchi Madathapetti\" is the third song from the album; a dance number picturized on the lead pair, it was earlier reported to be an item number, contrary to Trivikram's earlier films where the director refrained the use of item numbers, before revealed to be a dance number.",
"Performed by Sri Krishna and Sahiti Chaganti, the song also featured Poorna in a special appearance as Ramola.",
"\"Kurchi Madathapetti\" is based on the viral catchphrase \"Aa kurchini madathapetti\" () by Kala Pasha who was referred to as \"Kurchi Thatha\" after the viral dialogue.",
"This was sampled in the song.The fourth song \"Mawaa Enthaina\" is a dance number picturized on Ramana, which was performed by Krishna, Komanduri Ramachari and Rahul Sipligunj.",
"The song was performed at the film's pre-release event held on 9 January 2024.The fifth song \"Ramana Aei\" was showcased on a fight sequence.",
"The song is performed by Gotte Kanakavva.",
"The sixth song \"Amma Song\" is a montage number performed by Vishal Mishra."
],
[
"Release",
"\"Dum Masala\" was released as the first single from the album on 7 November 2023, coinciding Trivikram's birthday.",
"The second single \"Oh My Baby\" was released on 13 December 2023.The third single \"Kurchi Madathapetti\" was released on the occasion of New Year's Eve (31 December 2023).",
"The fourth single \"Mawaa Enthaina\" was released on 10 January 2024.Post the film's release, the fifth song \"Ramana Aei\" was released as a single on 16 January, and the sixth song \"Amma Song\" was released along with the soundtrack on 26 January 2024.In late-January, Thaman announced that apart from the six songs, an additional seventh song is set to be released with a promotional lyric video by the following month."
],
[
"Track listing"
],
[
"Reception",
"Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''The Hindu'' wrote \"Thaman's score livens up things occasionally.\"",
"Anandu Suresh of ''The Indian Express'' described the songs being a \"delight\" and the background score, \"while powerful, seems somewhat disconnected from the visuals and narrative, particularly in the more intense moments\".",
"Paul Nicodemus of ''The Times of India'' described that Thaman's music \"mirrors the film's inconsistency\".",
"Swaroop Kodur of ''The Federal'' was more critical of the music as excluding the title track, the music \"fails to strike the chord\" and felt that Thaman \"misses the mark this time around\".",
"''Film Companion''-based critic Ram Venkat Srikar and ''Firstpost''-based Priyanka Sundar criticised the background score being \"flat\" and \"did not even gain miniscule attention\"."
],
[
"Controversy",
"With speculations regarding the replacement of the film's crew arose during production, Thaman was reported to be ousted from the film as Babu being disappointed with the former's music, after a series of tweets posted on X (formerly Twitter) from the composer.",
"Anirudh Ravichander and Hesham Abdul Wahab were intended to replace him as the composer.",
"However, the production team confirmed that Thaman is still on board for the film.The song \"Oh My Baby\" was criticised for its lyrics post release.",
"Ramajogayya Sastry, the song's lyricist, posted a series of tweets replying the trolls online and eventually deactivated his X account as a result of the backlash."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Maco landslide"
],
[
"Introduction",
"In Maco, Davao de Oro, Philippines, a landslide occurred after heavy rainfall on February 6, 2024, killing at least 98 people."
],
[
"Geology",
"The governor of Davao de Oro, Dorothy Gonzaga, blamed the disaster on heavy rains brought by a shear line and trough of a low pressure area that affected the Davao Region and other parts of Mindanao and had already killed 21 people due to flooding and landslides.",
"The Mines and Geosciences Bureau said that the landslide was due to natural causes, particularly persistent rains in the area since January 2024.The landslide area had been declared a \"no build zone\" after prior landslides in 2007 and 2008 that eroded the area, whose soil is made of remnants of a prehistoric volcanic eruption, and buried the original site of Barangay Masara.",
"It also added that the area where the landslide occurred was traversed by the Philippine Fault.",
"Department of Science and Technology secretary Renato Solidum Jr. also said that the region had been destabilized by major earthquakes in recent months.",
"An evacuation had previously been ordered in the area, but some residents returned to check on their belongings and prepare food."
],
[
"Landslide",
"The landslide occurred at around 7:50 pm on February 6.An estimated of land was buried by rocks, mud and trees that slid over down a steep mountainside near the Apex Mining Co concession in Zone 1 of Barangay Masara.",
"The landslide killed at least 98 people with nine others still missing.",
"At least 42 of the dead were residents while were 26 mine employees.",
"Among the those initially reported missing were 45 gold miners employed by Apex who were waiting in three buses to be driven home at the end of one of three shifts for the mine's 24-hour operation when the landslide started and were buried.",
"At least 32 injured people were rescued from the debris, some of whom were bus passengers who had managed to jump out before the landslide hit.",
"An official said that the height of the landslide was enough to \"almost cover a two-story building.\"",
"The landslide buried the transport terminal were the buses were located, as well as a jeepney, 62 houses and the barangay hall of Masara.",
"Most of the residents in the affected community worked either as miners or took jobs servicing the miners.",
"The landslide also blocked a tributary of the Hijo river that traverses the village, raising fears of a flash flood."
],
[
"Rescue operations",
"At least 474 people were involved in the rescue operation, mostly from units of the Philippine Army, the Bureau of Fire Protection, the Philippine Coast Guard, local government agencies and Apex Mining.",
"Sniffer dogs were also deployed to look for victims.",
"The operation was hampered by thick mud, heavy rain, thick mud and the danger of more landslides, as well as the absence of telecommunications signals and impassable roads.",
"Rescue and retrieval operations were interrupted by two earthquakes measuring magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.2 on the Richter scale that struck the area on February 10, as well as another landslide on February 13.Over 1,250 families, equivalent to 5,227 people, in Masara and four other barangays of Maco, were evacuated.A three-year old child and a two-month old infant were rescued on February 9 after being buried for more than 60 hours by the debris, prompting a 14-hour extension of rescue operations beyond the 48-hour limit.",
"Eleven of the injured were taken to a hospital in Tagum, while three people were evacuated by helicopter.",
"Rescue operations formally transitioned to the retrieval of bodies on February 14."
],
[
"Aftermath",
"The remains of several unidentified victims were buried in a mass grave on February 14 due to health concerns.",
"Authorities announced that displaced residents were to be moved to tent cities pending permanent resettlement.",
"Eighteen fatalities remain unidentified as of February 17."
],
[
"Reactions",
"Apex Mining clarified that the landslide occurred outside its mining concession, but pledged to provide assistance and cooperate with authorities.President Bongbong Marcos conducted a flyover of the affected site on 7 February.",
"He also approved the release of P265 million to help victims of the landslide as well as other disasters brought about by the heavy rains in Mindanao.",
"Vice President Sara Duterte visited an evacuation center in Mawab for those displaced by the landslide on 9 February.",
"A command center was set up to deal with the disaster at the office of congressional representative Ruwel Peter Gonzaga, while an incident command post was established in Barangay Elizalde, five kilometers from where the landslide occurred.",
"The Department of Social Welfare and Development released P46 million worth of aid and 69,007 food packs in Davao de Oro.",
"The province was also placed under a state of calamity.",
"All schools in Maco were closed.The Armed Forces of the Philippines announced that two KC-130J Hercules aircraft of the United States Marine Corps stationed at Villamor Air Base in Pasay were utilized to delivery humanitarian aid to the affected area as part of the US-PH Maritime Cooperative Activity.",
"The National Bureau of Investigation was also deployed to help identify fatalities.Caritas Philippines opened bank accounts to collect donations for victims of the landslide and flooding in Mindanao.Kilusang Mayo Uno called for an investigation as to whether the mine itself and Apex mining company's labor practices contributed to the scale of the disaster."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Loren Lott"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Loren Lott''' (born September 9, 1992) is an American actress and singer.",
"Lott appeared in a regular role as Ana Hamilton on the ''The Young and the Restless'' (2018–2019) and as Lucy Conrad on ''The Porter'' (2022)."
],
[
"Filmography",
"===Film=== Year Title Role Notes 2008 ''Edges of Darkness'' Undead Soldier 2009 ''Devil's Creek'' Church Member Short 2014 ''Far from the Altar'' Felicia ''Quick Trip'' Neicy 2016 ''Deficiency Notice'' Sierra ''Elephant in the Room'' Zoey Short 2017 ''Men of God'' Andrea Short 2018 ''The Products of the American Ghetto'' Rose ''Tag'' Sable's Girlfriend 2020 ''Turnt'' Singer ''Stay'' Bella Short 2021 ''Favorite Son'' Amber ''Star Trek Renegades Ominara'' Young Ominara 2022 ''A Wesley Christmas'' Cydney Wesley TV movie ''The Night Before Christmas'' Simone Adam 2023 ''Praise This'' Kelly ''Binged to Death'' Lexy ''A Wesley Christmas Wedding'' Cydney Wesley TV movie ''Favorite Son Christmas'' Amber TV movie===Television=== Year Title Role Notes 2014 ''The Game'' Girl in Crowd Episode: \"He's a No-Good, Lyin', Cheatin', Honky-Tonk Man!\"",
"''Fatal Attractions'' Chantelle Hopkins Episode: \"Sins and Secrets\" 2014–16 ''College Boyfriends: The Web Series'' Teyanna Griffin Recurring Cast: Season 2–3 2015 ''American Idol'' Herself/Contestant Contestant: Season 14 2016 ''Powers'' Torch Singer Episode: \"Funeral of the Century\" 2017 ''Greenleaf'' Soloist Episode: \"Strange Bedfellows\" ''The Quad'' Michelle Episode: \"The Caged Bird Sings\" ''Tales'' Kristi Episode: \"A Story to Tell\" ''Twisted Mines'' Tara Episode: \"Episode #2.1\" 2018–19 ''The Young and the Restless'' Ana Hamilton Regular Cast 2020 ''Cherish the Day'' Rika Recurring Cast: Season 1 2022 ''The Porter'' Lucy Conrad Main Cast 2023 ''A House Divided'' Adia Recurring Cast: Season 5"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Sawkill mill"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Sawkill mill''' was a sawmill and slave quarters established by the Dutch West India Company in 1626, as part of the construction of New Netherland, a colonial province in North America.",
"The mill was located at the mouth of the Sawkill, a stream that originated in what is now Central Park in New York City, and flowed into the East River.",
"The slaves, who were mostly men, cut wood for the new colony and floated the logs which were guided by boat to New Amsterdam, the capital of New Netherland.",
"The mill and the slave quarters are depicted on The Manatus map of 1639, the oldest map of Manhattan Island, which shows the Saw-Kill as a slave settlement of the Dutch West India Company, not as a mill site.",
"This implies that by 1639, the Saw-Kill mill had reduced its wood-cutting activities."
],
[
"History",
"A map, ''Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier'' (Manhattan situated on the North River) with windmills at Paggank and Manna Hata marked in legend, the 4th was at '''F''', site of the slave quartersThe Saw-Kill or Colondonck's kill (the Dutch place-name for Saw Mill Creek)was the largest hydrological network on Manhattan island in New York City before the Dutch colony of New Netherland was founded in 1624.The stream received its name from the saw mill that existed for some time “in the bed of 74th Street, about 250 ft east of Avenue A”.",
"The workers of the saw mill are thought to have been primarily the slaves of the Dutch West India Company, whose lodgings, stationed at the mouth of the Sawkill until at least 1639, were referenced as “the quarter of the blacks, the West India company’s slaves” in the first landmark map of Manhattan Island, the Manatus Map of 1639.The creek originated at the present day site of the American Museum of Natural History and ran through the park site, south of Seneca Village, originally exiting the park under Fifth Avenue near 74th Street, where Conservatory Water lies today, before emptying in the East River.",
"To create the Central Park Lake the outlet was dammed with a broad, curving earth dam, which carries the East Carriage Drive past the Kerbs Boathouse (1954), at the end of the Lake's eastern arm, so subtly that few visitors are aware of the landform's function.Before the Dutch colonized '''Manhates''', the island was home to many Native American communities, with more than fifty sites of living, camping, and town-building recorded in what is now New York City.",
"Most of the islanders, about 15,000 people, were part of the Lenni-Lenape, a group of different bands who spoke the Munsee language of the Delaware people.",
"They influenced the environment of Manhattan along with the climate, creating forests and grasslands on the island.",
"Researchers have found that these rich habitats were created by fires that the native people started “to clear the underbrush to ease travel and to increase levels of game”In December 1626, the Dutch settlers got permission from the Native Peoples, whose names are unknown, to cut wood on the island.",
"This was surprising, because one month earlier, on 5 November 1626, Peter Minuit had supposedly bought Manhates from the “wild men”.",
"This shows that the Native Peoples of Manhates had some power in the Dutch colony in the 1600s.",
"The Dutch settlers and the West India Company's slaves cut down the big Oak, Pine and nut trees of Manhates to make masts for the Dutch Navy and merchant ships, and to build houses.The Dutch built many mills near the dense woods and the new fort of New Amsterdam, which they founded in 1626.The Manatus Map shows some of these early mills, like the Saw-Kill, in the forested area of Eastern Manhattan."
],
[
"Slavery and Timber Production in Dutch New York",
"The Dutch had a complicated view of slavery in the 1600s.",
"Slavery may have always been part of Manhates, but the first record of slaves on the island was around 1625 or 1626, when the Company brought eleven men, including Paulo d’Angola, Simon Congo, Anthrony Portuguese, and John Francisco, and later three women from Angola to Manhates.",
"In 1635, the Company hired Jacob Stoffelsen to look after their “negroes”.",
"The slaves also had Native Americans and “Spanish or Portuguese sailors” who were captured, making them a diverse group like the free people they lived with.",
"Slaves had some rights, like owning property, getting married, having weapons, going to church, celebrating holidays, and following the same laws and rules as other colonists in New Netherland, but they were still not treated fairly.",
"Men usually did hard work, like fixing infrastructure in New Amsterdam and cutting wood.The West India Company housed their slaves at the Saw-Kill's mouth as early as 1626, where they lived near a small creek and the Wiechquaesgecks Trail.",
"The mill's main workers were the slaves at the Saw-Kill.",
"They cut wood in the forests and used the mill to saw logs, which they put in the Saw-Kill.",
"The logs floated down the stream and were shipped to New Amsterdam or the Netherlands.",
"The Manatus Map of 1639 called the Saw-Kill “the quarter of the blacks, the company’s slaves.” The slaves’ work at the Saw-Kill and other places on Manhates helped build New Amsterdam."
],
[
"Bonnel’s mill",
"In 1664 Jan van Bonnel built a sawmill on East 74th Street and the East River, where a creek or stream, which began in the north of today's Central Park and became known as Saw Kill or Saw Kill Creek, emptied into the river.The Saw-Kill mill was still a key mill in the late 1600s, as shown by two roads that linked the mill to New Amsterdam and New Harlem.",
"The Saw-Kill was important even though there were two other mills on the east side of Manhates and the West India Company built three more costly mills after settlers came to Manhates in 1626.The Dutch also built mills at '''Turtle Bay''' (DeVoor’s mill) (now East 45th- 48th Streets) and '''Montagne's Kill''', also known as Harlem Mill Creek (East 108th Street), using the water power of the creeks on the island's east side.",
"The Saw-Kill was between these two mills.",
"The Dutch built their first sawmill on Noten Island, which had many nut trees in the Dutch Colonial Period.",
"The mill on Nut Island was taken down for iron in 1648.These saw mills, some using water and some using wind, helped build New Amsterdam, make homes for the Dutch colonists, and improve the Dutch Navy and trade ships in the 1600s.",
"The Saw-Kill, which was called “''the well known Saw-kill, which played an important part in the early days of Manhattan'',” was forgotten over time."
],
[
"The Saw-Kill’s later years",
"A surveyor called the property “''ye run of water formerly called ye saw mill creeke''” in 1677, showing that the sawmill that gave the stream its name had stopped working long ago.",
"George Elphinstone and Abraham Shotwell, became owners of the property and replaced the sawmill with a leather mill that year.Finally, the Saw-Kill was moved into a culvert, “arched over, and its trickling little stream was called '''Arch Brook'''”.",
"Before this happened, though, the Saw-Kill Bridge was built over the creek which ran through the park site, south of Seneca Village, originally exiting the park under Fifth Avenue near 74th Street, where Conservatory Water lies today, before emptying near 75th Street in the East River.The crossing, what was known as “'''The Kissing Bridge''',” was first called that in 1806.Built for the Eastern Post Road, it approximately ran along what today is Third Avenue.",
"It was four miles north of town, in a beautiful and quiet area, near the present Third Avenue and 77th Street and that made the Saw-Kill Bridge the best Kissing Bridge of three such in Manhattan in the 1700s.",
"People still thought that in the 1800s.Remnant of the Sawkill in Central ParkThe waters of the Saw-Kill are still in Central Park, even though Arch Brook is gone.",
"When Central Park was built in the middle of the 1800s, the planners used the Saw-Kill's source waters, under the American Museum of Natural History, to make the 22-acre Lake that New Yorkers like today.",
"The Saw-Kill kept flowing into Ladies Pond until the early 1900s.",
"Ladies Pond was a small pond for ice skating, with two bays joined by the Saw-Kill.",
"It was for women only, so they could change their shoes without men looking at them.",
"But things changed, and Ladies Pond was not used anymore.",
"In 1930, they filled up the Pond to make a path for people to walk on.",
"That was the end of the Saw-Kill's last waterway.Frederick Ambrose Clark developed a good portion of West 74th Street in 1902–04, the Saw-kill's culvert was just south of the roadway."
],
[
"See also",
"* New Amsterdam's windmills* List of windmills in New York"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*'' Early Days at the 74th Street Power Plant Site: The Story of 300 Years'', Susan Elizabeth Lyman (1951)"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku"
],
[
"Introduction",
" '''Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku''' was a Māori ''upoko ariki'' (head chieftain) of the Ngāti Kahungunu ''iwi'' and Ngāi Tamaterangi ''hapū'' in the Wairoa area of Hawke Bay of New Zealand.",
"He developed a fierce rivalry with his brother, Te Maaha, and as a result, their father, Te Okuratawhiti, split the Wairoa River valley between them, giving Tapuwae the eastern bank.",
"The brothers are said to continue their rivalry as a pair of taniwha at the river's mouth.",
"Tapuwae established eight pā (fortified villages) along the river, which he split between his two wives, Te Rauhina and Ruataumata.",
"Later, he led a war party to Tologa Bay to get revenge for the murder of his great-grandfather Tama-te-rangi.",
"Mostly, however, he was a man of peace.",
"In his later life, he exercised great forbearance when his position was challenged by two tohunga Manawa and Kowhaki and treated the visiting chief Taharakau in a generous and friendly manner."
],
[
"Life",
"Tapuwae was born in the pā of Te Whatakoau at Taumata o Hinepehinga, near Whakamahi, to Te Okuratawhiti and Hinepehinga.",
"Through both of his parents, he was a descendant of Ruapani and Kahungunu, and thence from Pawa and Kiwa who captained the ''Horouta'' waka and Tamatea Arikinui, who captained the ''Takitimu''.",
"His mother, Hinepehinga had originally been married to Te Okuratawhiti's brother Tukutuku, but he was killed by Parua in the swamp at Te Poti on the east side of the Wairoa River mouth, while he was trying to avenge the murder of his grandfather Tama-te-rangi.",
"The name Tapuwae Poharutanga o Tukutuku, which means \"the bogged feet of Tukutuku\" referred to this event.",
"Tapuwae had an older half-sister, Hine-awhi, and a younger full brother, Te Maaha.",
"Tapuwae's maternal grandfather, Kotore had also been killed in battle, by Apanui, founder of Te Whānau-ā-Apanui.===Rivalry with Te Maaha===From childhood, Tapuwae and Te Maaha were bitter rivals.",
"One day they went to Whakamahia beach to practice building a fortress out of sand.",
"They quarrelled over which of them should design it, so turned it into a competition to see who could build their sand castle most quickly.",
"Te Māha finished first and Tapuwae angrily smashed his sand castle.",
"The two fought and it became clear that they would not be able to coexist.Therefore, when they grew up, Te Okuratawhiti took the two of them to the village of Rangihoua, on the west side of the Wairoa River mouth and divided the river valley between them, ordering Te Māha to cross over to the eastern bank and Tapuwae to stay on the western bank, and telling each of them to \"never show your shadow\" on the other side.",
"The east bank of the river was thereafter known as Te ari a Te Maaha and the west bank as Te ari a Tapuwae.",
"The descendants of the brothers were rivals for several generations.",
"The shifting of the western and eastern sandbars at the Wairoa river mouth is said to be caused by Tapuwae and Ta Maaha continuing their rivalry as taniwha inhabiting opposite sides of the river.===Pā of Tapuwae===After this division of territory, Tapuwae took two wives: Te Rauhina and Ruataumata.",
"Te Rauhina was known as Te Wahine korero āio a Tapuwae (\"the peace-talking wife of Tapuwae), because she always supported a peaceful course of action and ensured the protection of any supplicants who arrived in her villages.",
"By contrast, Te Ruataumata was called Te Wahine kai-tangata a Tapuwae (\"the man-eating wife of Tapuwae\") because she engaged in cannibalism Tapuwae maintained eight pā along the Wairoa for his family.",
"The southern four belonged Te Rauhina and her children and the northern four for Ruataumata and hers:# Rangihoua, later known as Pilot Hill, located at the river mouth.",
"As of 1947, part of this pā had been destroyed by the sea, but some remains were still visible.# Motu o te Rauhina, an island ca.",
"1.2 km upriver from the mouth, which was a centre for fishing.",
"It has washed away, but as of 1947, remains were visible underwater.# Kaimango, located at the bend of the river, later known as Spooners point, which was site of Wairoa's first courthouse, hotel, and general store.",
"# Manukanui, subsequently the site of the Wairoa post office (destroyed in the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake), which was named Tapuwae in honour of this history.",
"# Pohonui o hine, later moved to the east bank of the river and renamed as Whereinga by Te Kapuamatatoru.",
"# Pohoriaka, located at Hikawai, just south of Te Mira (the first flour mill built on the Wairoa River).",
"# Hikukoekoea, where the Kauhouroa stream flows into the Wairoa.",
"# Omaruhakeke, near Marumaru, where Tapuwae and Te Ruataumata's grandfather Kotore had been killed.===Avenging Tama-te-rangi===Tapuwae decided to get revenge on the descendants of Parua, who were living at Tologa Bay, for the deaths of his great-grandfather Tama-te-rangi and his uncle Tukutuku.",
"As an ally he recruited one Te Whakahu.",
"Tapuwae's war party travelled past Tiniroto and met up with Te Whakahu's forces at Waerenga o kuri, near the Te Ārai River.",
"When he met Te Whakahu, he was surprised by his ugliness and said (\"what a strange kind of man to lead us to destruction!\").",
"Te Whakahu did not react, but when they reached a fork in the path, which led to two different settlements held by Parua's descendants, Te Whakahu chose the opposite one from Tapuwae, saying (\"go, you handsome man, and leave this ugly man to go to destruction\").",
"The place is named Te Kaikape (\"the separation\") in memory of this event.",
"The two forces therefore attacked both fortresses simultaneously.",
"Te Whakahu took the one he attacked very quickly, but Tapuwae met strong resistance at Ohaoko and was almost defeated, when Te Whakahu and his force arrived and took the fortress.",
"Two important local chiefs were killed.",
"Tapuwae declared this sufficient vengeance and returned home.",
"===Challenge of Manawa and Kowhaki===bellbird (''kōpara'').grey duck (''pārera'').One of Tapuwae's grandsons was adopted by Manawa and Kowhaki, two elderly tohunga who lived at Ohinepakā, west of Wairoa (where State Highway 2 now enters the Wairoa river valley).",
"They named the grandson Te Atua-noho-riu (\"the god living in the valley\") and planned for him to overthrow Tapuwae and become leader of the local region.",
"They made a boast about their adopted son: This has become a famous proverb for people seeking to gain leadership and was quoted to soldiers by Henare Wepiha Te Wainohu at Gallipoli during the First World War.",
"Although people suggested that Tapuwae should take action against the tohunga, he refused, saying, \"leave them be; just cough at them.\"",
"When Te Atua-noho-riu had grown older, Manawa and Kowhaki stole Tapuwae's ''heru'' (comb), put it in the cooking fire and served Te Atua-noho-riu food that had been cooked over it.",
"This was a serious attack, intended to destroy Tapuwae's tapu and again the people called on him to take violent revenge, but Tapuwae said, (\"no, just drive them off like grey ducks\").",
"When they heard this, Manawa and Kowhaki fled south to Heretaunga.",
"At Mohaka, they were served dinner, but Te Atua-noho-riu took food for himself before everyone else, a shocking breach of protocol, which Kohaki took as a sign that they should return and seek to seize power for Te Atua-noho-riu.",
"They went first to Poututu, where they recruited Manawa's allies Whakamae and Kaike, then proceeded to Whakamahi (just west of the Wairoa River mouth).",
"Manawa gave this land to Te Atua-noho-riu and married him to Tapuwae's daughter Kai-momona.",
"After this, Manawa and Kowhaki withdrew eastward and established a fortress called Wairoro at Te Kokohu on the Tahaenui River.",
"===Visit of Taharakau===sandfly (''namu'') feeding on human blood.Rongomaitahuna and Tumokonui, two brothers from Manutūkē in Turanganui-a-kiwa, attacked Tapuwae's territory on a raid and were killed at Parawera.",
"Although the bodies were his property as prizes of war, Tapuwae generously returned the brothers' bodies to their father, Taharakau.",
"He travelled to Wairoa with Te Angiangi of Ngāti Kahungunu, arriving at Hikukoekoea, where they were met by Tapuwae's wife Te Rauaumata, who planned to have the visitors cooked and eaten.",
"Tapuwae prevented this and brought them to Kaimango, where his other wife Te Rauhina was in residence.",
"The two chiefs held a discussion, which produced important proverbs.",
"When Tapuwae asked what the true sign of a ''rangatira'' (chief) is, Taharakau said: This demonstrated that Taharakau had come in peace.",
"Tapuwae then asked what the main food was at Turanganui-a-kiwa and Taharakau said: (\"cabbage tree leaves in the day, sex at night\"), a modest response.",
"Taharakau asked the same question about Wairoa and Tapuwae responded with even more modesty: (\"sunshine in the day, sandflies at night\").",
"===Old age and death===In his old age, Tapuwae still wished to avenge the death of his mother's father Kotore at the hands of Apanui.",
"He therefore sent his main commander, Takapuwai to attack the fortress of his nephew, Te-O-Tane at Taramarama.",
"When Te-O-Tane was victorious, Tapuwae invited him to Hikukoekoea and recruited him to get revenge on Apanui's descendants.",
"Tapuwae's forces, led by Te Wainohu, who was later renamed Te Kahu-o-te-rangi, joined up with those of Te-O-Tane and marched to Te Kaha in the eastern Bay of Plenty.",
"There, they utterly defeated Te Whānau-ā-Apanui at the Battle of Whawhapō.",
"Tapuwae died peacefully in old age and was interred at the prestigious burial ground called Tahuna mai Hawaiki, to the west of the Wairoa River mouth, where Ruawharo, the tohunga on the ''Takitimu'' waka had left some sand from Hawaiki."
],
[
"Family",
"Tapuwae first married Te Rauhina Te Wahine korero āio, daughter of Tureia and sister of Te Huki and had three sons:* Te Rangituanui, who married Ratuaiterangi, daughter of Te Hikawera and had one son and two daughters::* Tane-te-kohurangi Moewhare (son):* Te Whewhera, who married her cousin Te Kapuamatotoru:* Patupuku, who married her cousin Te-O-Tane.",
"* Hikatu* WhenuaHe also married Ruataumata Te Wahine kai-tangata, who was the daughter of Tamahikawai, son of Kotore.",
"She was his cousin, since Kotore was also the father of Tapuwae's mother.",
"They had eight children:* Te Matakainga-i-te-tihi (daughter), whose name means \"a face to be gazed at as the highest pinnacle.\"",
"Tapuwae named her the leader of his children at birth and gave her the title of ''hei tihi'' (\"as the top-knot\").",
"She married Puruate, son of Te Huki and had two sons::* Te Kahu-o-te-rangi, ancestor of Ngāti Pahauwera:* Te Kapuamatotoru* Te Wainau (son)* Kai-momona (daughter), who married Te Atua-noho-riu.",
"* Hikawai (son)* Matawhaiti (son)* Toione (son), who married Te Patu-whakarawe::* Punehu:::* Kopua, great-grandfather of James Carroll (1857-1926, MP for Eastern Maori)::* Te Kaingaahuhu:::* Ngarangi Mataeo* Whiu-ite-taepa (daughter)* Kaaka-ite-taepaAccording to J. H. Mitchell, only descendants of Tapuwae and his cousin Te Huki are traditionally considered to be aristocrats among the Ngāti Kahungunu of the Wairoa area."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Vitaliy Aleksandrovich Yuzhilin"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Vitaliy Aleksandrovich Yuzhilin''' (born December 10, 1965, Chelyabinsk, RSFSR) served as the chairman of the Association of Commercial Seaports for twenty years (2002–2022).",
"He was a State Duma deputy for the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth convocations."
],
[
"Biography",
"He graduated from the Admiral Makarov Leningrad Higher Marine College in 1988, with a specialization as an engineer-oceanologist."
],
[
"Career",
"In 1988, he took a position at the A.O.",
"Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences.",
"He was involved in scientific research and participated in expeditions.",
"He submerged to the bottom of the Black Sea in the deep-sea craft Mir.Later, he worked as an engineer in the Oceanography Department of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.In 1993, the Nizhnevartovsk Trading House was established, where Vitaliy Yuzhilin became the head of the foreign trade department.",
"In this position, he established contacts with oil refining structures.In the mid-90s, he entered the stevedoring business, becoming one of the first private investors in the port industry.In 1997, he joined the Board of Directors of JSC Sea Port of St. Petersburg, where he remained for two years.",
"In 1998, he became a co-owner of the port.As a businessman, he was involved in the development of cargo transportation: transshipment of oil, chemical cargoes, and container transportation.",
"He invested in the development and construction of ports and also worked on solving social problems in Saint Petersburg.From 1998 to 2003, he was a deputy of the State Duma for the third convocation.He worked on the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes.In 2002, he co-founded the National Container Company.",
"In the same year, Yuzhilin proposed to the administration of Saint Petersburg to build a passenger port on Vasilyevsky Island to receive large liners, to unload the cargo port, and to increase tourist flow.",
"In 2008, the grand opening of the Marine Façade passenger port took place, which became the largest passenger port in Europe.In 2002, he took the position of chairman of the Board of Directors of the Association of Commercial Seaports.",
"Yuzhilin's main focus was on increasing the competitiveness of domestic ports.",
"During this period, he worked on the text of the Law \"On Seaports.",
"\"In 2003, he was elected to the State Duma for the fourth convocation for the Kingisepp single-mandate electoral district 101 of the Leningrad Region, and then he was a member of the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes.In 2007, he was re-elected as a deputy of the State Duma.",
"He was a member of the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes.The main focus of the work of Deputy Vitaliy Yuzhilin was the development of maritime infrastructure and logistics at the legislative level.In 2010, under the leadership of Yuzhilin, specialists and experts of the Association of Commercial Seaports actively participated in the preparation of important legislative projects and regulations for the port sector, namely: \"On Amendments to Chapter 21, Part Two of the Tax Code\" concerning the refinement of the mechanism for applying a 0% tax rate on works (services).",
"The list includes clarifications and a definition of \"cargo transshipment\"; \"On Amendments to Chapters 30 and 31 Part Two of the Tax Code,\" according to which newly built (commissioned) port hydraulic structures are exempt from property tax for 15 years; the decision of the Customs Union Commission, which introduced new customs codes for specialized port equipment (which have no analogues in the domestic market), and established a 0 import customs rate.Since 2010, he has been a member of the council of the National Association of Builders (NOSTROY).From September 2011 to 2016, he was a deputy of the State Duma of the sixth convocation and member of the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes.Since 2016, he has been a member of the board of the self-regulated organization (SRO) Interregional Association of Railway Construction Organizations.From 2016 to 2018, he was vice president of NOSTROY.",
"In this position, he oversaw the reform of the institute of self-regulation in the construction industry.",
"Previously, a self-regulatory organization's compensation funds could be placed in any account in any bank, which made it difficult for the state to properly control transactions on such accounts.As a result of the reform, compensation funds must be placed only in special bank accounts in domestic credit organizations authorized by the federal government, and the list of operations with them is strictly regulated by the Urban Planning Code.",
"Thus, one of the most important results of the reform of the institute of self-regulation was the protection of compensation funds, performing a public function – ensuring that a self-regulated organization is responsible for harm caused to third parties during the construction of capital construction facilities by members of the SRO, thereby increasing the level of safety in the construction industry.Additional subsidiary liability of self-regulating organizations for the non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their members' obligations under state and municipal contracts was also introduced (an additional compensation fund for ensuring contractual obligations was formed).",
"Additionally, the National Registry of Specialists in Construction, managed by NOSTROY, was created.",
"Only specialists included in this registry can sign documents during the construction, reconstruction, major repair, or demolition of capital construction facilities, which increases the level of contractors' responsibility to the end consumer.Yuzhilin left the post of chairman of the Association of Commercial Seaports in 2022.He participated in the preparation of the draft for the construction of the Ust-Luga container terminal."
],
[
"Personal life",
"He has four children.His grandmother, Saniya Gabdrakhmanovna Yarulina, was the first woman pilot of the Tatar ASSR.",
"She was part of the Kazan Aeroclub.",
"In 1934, together with her future husband, she made the Red Tatary campaign flight across the districts of the republic.His grandfather, Alexander Grigorievich Yuzhilin (1917–1976), fought in the World War II as a pilot.",
"He made over 260 flights.",
"During air battles he shot down three enemy fighters.",
"In 1944, he was recognized as a national hero for his valor and heroism.According to Forbes magazine, as of April 19, 2012, Vitaliy Yuzhilin was ranked 200th among the richest people in the country, with an estimated fortune of $450 million."
],
[
"Titles and Awards",
"* Honorary badge \"For Merit in the Development of Science and Economics\" of the Presidium of the Academy of Natural Sciences (2002)* Medal \"For Distinction in Maritime Activities\" of the Marine Collegium (2011)* Order of Friendship (December 3, 2011), for merits in legislative activity and many years of conscientious work* Badge of distinction of the Union of Transport Workers, 1st degree, for merits in the development of transport (2019)"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Endospermum macrophyllum"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Endospermum macrophyllum''''' is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae.",
"It is a tree endemic to Fiji, where it grows in tropical moist forests."
],
[
"Description",
"''Endospermum macrophyllum'' is a small tree, growing to 15 metres in height, with flowers and fruits observed throughout the year."
],
[
"Habitat",
"''Endospermum macrophyllum'' grows in dense forests from sea level to 900 metres elevation, where it is locally abundant.",
"It is a characteristic canopy tree of montane rain forests on windy slopes from 400 to 600 meters elevation.",
"These forests are 4 to 6 °C cooler than the coastal lowlands, and the windy conditions create a low, stunted forest.",
"Other characteristic trees are ''Agathis vitiensis, Podocarpus'' spp., ''Calophyllum vitiense, Myristica castaneifolia, Didymocheton'' spp., and ''Metrosideros vitiensis''.In the coastal lowlands it grows in thickets near mangrove swamps."
],
[
"Uses and conservation",
"''Endospermum macrophyllum'' is harvested for its timber, which is used for construction and more frequently for banana crates.Although it is harvested for timber, the species is generally abundant and there are protections in place to prevent its decline, so the IUCN does not consider it threatened.",
"The species is subject to Fiji's Endangered and Protected Species Act (2002), and a quota is placed on export of its timber.",
"There are also government efforts to replant the species."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Acanalonia fasciata"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Acanalonia fasciata''''' is a species of planthopper in the family Acanaloniidae.",
"It can be found in the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.",
"Possible predators include several local species of dryinid wasp.",
"It is a smaller species with a length varying from 4.2 to 6.2 mm.",
"It is often confused with ''Acanalonia bivittata'', but can be differentiated by its smaller size, lack of reticulation on the base of its elytra, and by its range being farther west."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Scheduled monuments in Oxfordshire"
],
[
"Introduction",
"There are 379 '''scheduled monuments''' in the county of Oxfordshire, England.",
"These protected sites date in some cases from the Neolithic period, and include stone circles, a medieval tithe barn, ruined abbeys, castles, and Roman villas.In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of \"nationally important\" archaeological sites and historic buildings.",
"Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979."
],
[
"Notable scheduled monuments in Oxfordshire",
"''This is a partial list of scheduled monuments in Oxfordshire''.Image Name Location DateNotes 120px Carfax Conduit 1610 AD Stone water conduit that supplied the city of Oxford with water until 1787.120px Devil's Quoits 4000–5000 BC The monument is an important class II circle henge monument of the Late Neolithic era.",
"120px Great Coxwell Barn 1292 AD notes 120px North Leigh Roman Villa c. 100 AD Large courtyard-style Roman villa.",
"120px Oxford Castle 1071 AD Ruined medieval castle.",
"Mostly destroyed during the English Civil War.",
"120px Rollright Stones 3800–3500 BC A group of Neolithic and Bronze Age stone monuments.",
"120px Uffington White Horse 1380–550 BC Carved into the chalk hillside, the monument is the oldest prehistoric hill figure in Britain.",
"120px Wayland's Smithy c. 3600 BC ACotswold-Severn style chambered long barrow of the Early Neolithic era."
],
[
"See also",
"*Grade I listed buildings in Oxfordshire*List of scheduled monuments in the United Kingdom"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Melva K. Wallace"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Melva K. Wallace''' (formerly '''Williams''') is an American academic administrator specialized in emotional intelligence development.",
"She has served as the seventh president and chief executive officer of Huston–Tillotson University since 2022."
],
[
"Life",
"Wallace earned a B.A.",
"(1999) in mass communication and a M.A.",
"(2001) in public administration from Grambling State University.",
"She received a Ph.D. in urban higher education at Jackson State University in 2008.Her dissertation was titled, ''How African American Students from Rural Communities Choose College''.Wallace was a professor and associate dean at Centenary College of Louisiana.",
"She worked at the Southern University System as an assistant vice president for academic and student affairs.",
"She was also the first chief of staff to manage five campuses.",
"She was an administrator at Grambling State University.",
"Wallace is trained in emotional intelligence development.",
"She was a senior director of programming for the Clinton Presidential Center.",
"In 2022, Wallace was the vice chancellor for student affairs and enrollment management at Southern University at Shreveport.",
"On August 15, 2022, she became the seventh president and chief executive office of Huston–Tillotson University.",
"Succeeding interim president Archibald W. Vanderpuye, Wallace is its second female president."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"LXI (61)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''LXI (61)''''' is a 2021 Peruvian drama film directed by Rodrigo Moreno del Valle who co-wrote with llary Alencastre Pinilla.",
"It stars Javier Saavedra, Cynthia Moreno, Rodrigo Palacios and Sebastián Rubio.",
"It is about 4 friends who meet again to talk about what happened to another of their friends."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"Humberto, Cristian, Daniel and Gabriela meet again after 15 years after the suicide of their friend Bernal, \"El Muerto.\"",
"Over the course of one night, the four of them must face the circumstances that separated them so long ago and understand the reason for their friend's decision."
],
[
"Cast",
"The actors participating in this film are:* Javier Saavedra as Humberto* Cynthia Moreno as Gabriela* Rodrigo Palacios as Daniel* Sebastián Rubio as Cristian"
],
[
"Release",
"''LXI (61)'' had its world premiere at the end of August 2021 as part of the fiction competition selection at the 25th Lima Film Festival.",
"It was commercially released on April 21, 2022, in Peruvian theaters."
],
[
"Accolades",
"YearAward / FestivalCategoryRecipientResultRef.202125th Lima Film FestivalBest Picture''LXI (61)''Trujillo Film FestivalSpecial Jury Prize - Fiction Feature Film202213rd APRECI AwardsBest Peruvian Feature FilmBest Supporting ActorRodrigo PalaciosSebastián RubioBest Supporting ActressCynthia MorenoBest ScreenplayRodrigo Moreno del Valle & Illary Alencastre Pinilla"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Konyagui people"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Konyagui''' or '''Konyaji''' are an ethnic group native to eastern Senegal and northern Guinea.",
"They refer to themselves as '''Mey''', and their language as ''Wamey''.Historically they lived throughout what is now the Tambacounda region, and were conquered and persecuted by the Mandinka Kingdom of Wuli.",
"In recent decades many of the remaining Koyaguis have emigrated from the Youkounkoun area of Guinea to Senegal to work and remained there.",
"Konyaguis tend to hold on to their religious traditions, although many have converted to Catholicism."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Jay Rodríguez Sierra"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jay Rodríguez Sierra ('''Hernán Ramiro Rodríguez Sierra, Barranquilla, Colombia, September 17, 1967), is a sax, flute and clarinet player, a composer, producer and arranger from New York with Colombian origins.",
"A co-founder of the 2007 Grammy-nominated band NYC's Groove Collective, Jay has stood out through his career for his freedom with musical experimentation, which has roots in his early development, playing with the likes of Vicente Pacheco, Tito Puente, Ray Barretto, Paquito D Rivera, Victor Venegas and Marco Rizo.",
"Jay has just released her latest album Muthaflower."
],
[
"Biography",
"=== 1967-1989, Childhood and artistic debut ===The son of Ángel Rodríguez Ortega and Gladys Rodríguez Sierra, Jay Rodríguez was born in Barranquilla, in the historic district of Barrio el Carmen where he lived until age three.",
"In 1970, his family migrated to Weehawken, NJ, in Hudson County where he grew up under the influence of Latin American music and dance.",
"His father listened to Vallenato and Papayera records by Colombian artists such as Lucho Bermúdez, Alejo Durán and Rafael Escalona.",
"In the streets of his neighborhood it was common to hear Cuban percussions, next to the sounds of the Black Latin Soul Movement.At the age of seven his mother gifted him a clarinet and later the older brother of his best friend (Jesus Garcia) sold him his saxophone and gave him his first classes.",
"At age ten, the percussionist Narciso Valdés took him to Tito D Rivera, who taught him music theory and (an instrument).",
"After a family lunch with musicians Paquito and Tito D Rivera, Jay's parents started to see their son's musical curiosity as a possible professional path.In 1980 Jay entered New York's '''High School of Performing Arts''' (currently LaGuardia High School) where he studied the saxophone, theory, composition and performance, graduating with honors.",
"Jay Rodriguez o “Hernandito” as the more veteran musicians call him, performed on jazz and Latin music stages of Manhattan and Newark such as Roseland, Manhattan Center, Blue Note, The Village Gate, Uptown's Trocadero Club and Fuego Fuego, amongst others.",
"At that time he met Mark Friedman and Phil Woods who helped him pursue an education in traditional jazz.He completed his graduate studies (1986 to 1989) at The New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music in New York, NY, where he studied contemporary music and composition.",
"During those years he kept playing at various New York City clubs and toured in Europe with Celia Cruz and José Alberto (1986).",
"He also played with Henry Fiol (1987-2000), with the Gil Evans Orchestra (1989-1991) and Charlie Sepúlveda.",
"He started to experiment with Latin jazz and other styles like funk, soul and dance music.=== Groove Collective ===In 1990 Jay Rodríguez, together with musicians Josh Roseman, Genji Siraisi, Jonathan Maron, Itaal Shur, Richard Worth, Bill Ware, Gordon Clay (Nappy G), Fabio Morgera y Chris Theberge, founded the band NYC's Groove Collective.",
"In their 25 of existence, they have recorded 8 albums in jazz, Latin music, hip-hop, dance and funk.",
"The Groove Collective's musical style reflects the wide range of backgrounds and interests of its individual members, and Jay brought his influence of traditional jazz, soul and Latin music.",
"In a review about the launch of the 1996 album “We The People”, critic Michael Casey referred to the numerous influences at work in Groove Collective's sound, specifically the presence of Afro-pop, Latin jazz, hip-hop, and traditional jazz stylings.Among its distinctions is a nomination for a Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year for the release ''People People Music Music'' on the Savoy Jazz label.",
"They also appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation album, ''Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool'', with the song ''Rent Strike 9''.",
"The album was heralded as \"Album of the Year\" by ''Time'' magazine.==== Discography With Groove Collective.",
"====YEARALBUMCREDITS1993Groove CollectiveBass Clarinet.",
"Sax (Soprano-Tenor-Baritone).",
"Bansuri.",
"Composer and arranger.1994Nerd (CD/vinyl Single)Composer all saxophones.1995I Got no Kick Against Modern JazzBerimbau.",
"Sax (Soprano-Tenor)1996We The peopleVocals.",
"Berimbau.",
"Gaita.",
"Clarinet.",
"Sax (Alto-Soprano-Tenor-Baritone).",
"Bass.",
"Composer.1998Dance of the Drunken MasterVocal.",
"Bass Clarinet.",
"Sax (Soprano-Tenor-Baritone).",
"Composer and Arranger.1999DeclassifiedVocals.",
"Flute.",
"Saxophones.",
"Composer and Arranger.",
"Bass Clarinet.2001It's All in Your mindCo-Producer.",
"Composer.",
"Arranger all woodwinds.2006People People Music MusicMember of attributed artist, flute, bass clarinet, Saxophone.2007PS 1 Warm Up: Brooklyn.",
"NY July 2nd 2005Flute and Saxophone.=== 1990 – 2023 ===In 1995 Jay obtains a two-year scholarship in Venice (Italy) to compose, write scores, teach and create multimedia projects in collaboration with photographer Oliviero Toscani, directors Godfrey Reggio and Jeffrey Lew and composer Francis Kuipers.",
"The experience of working alongside sculptures and painters in Italy helped him understand music from a wider spectrum and experiment further.",
"He then returns to the United States where he collaborates with artists such as Ray Barretto, The Mingus Big band, Medeski, Martin and Wood, Gil Evans, Prince and Miles Davis, Widespread Panic, Chucho Valdes, Bobby Sanabria, Miles Cyrus, Teruo Nakamura; Mike Snow; Roy Hargrove; Guru's Jazzmatazz; Roy Nathanson and the Jazz Passengers y Jason Miles.",
"He also worked with DJs including François K, Spinna, DJ Logic, Nicodemus, Dennis Ferrer, Ron Trent, DJ Premier, DJ Smash.",
"He is currently working with Marc Ribot, Craig Harris and Fred Wesley.Throughout his career Jay Rodríguez Sierra has also worked on soundtracks, as mentor and teacher in various institutions, and has performed most of the prominent jazz festivals of the Americas, Europe and Asia.Currently Jay Rodríguez is the saxophonist and flutist for Fred Wesley and the New JB's and Craig Harris.",
"In December 2023 he played in Paris with Will Calhoun and Vernon Reid.=== Muthaflower.",
"===The title is a play on the words “''Motherf''...” a term used in the 60s to describe a great musician or virtuoso whose prowess elicited responses such as “That motherf... can play!” And ''Flower'', a healing and rejuvenating force Muthaflower is divided into two volumes:* MUTHA Volume 1 consists of thirteen songs that run the gamut, such as Giacomo Puccini's “Nessum Dorma,” Bob Dylan's “Blowin’ in the Wind,” Bruce Fisher and Billy Preston's “You Are So Beautiful,” and Procul Harums “A Whiter Shade of Pale,” among others and features the bassist Alex Blake and drummer Victor Jones.",
"* “FLOWER” Volume 2 consists of twelve original, exploratory tracks.Muthaflower Artists: -Alex Blake -Acoustic Bass/ Victor Jones-Drums/ Marvin Sewell- Guitar/ Giovanni Hidalgo-Percussion/ Fred Wesley-Trombone/ Julie Patton-Spoken Word/ Ehab Omar-percussion/ Chris Andrew and Misha Theberge -Percussion/ Jay Rodriguez Sierra – woodwinds, composer and arranger.",
"Produced by Jay Rodriguez Sierra and Ehab Omar.",
"Recorded at Bunker Studios , and Loove Labs.",
"Mixed by ( Mutha) Aaron Nevezie and (Flower) Ehab Omar"
],
[
"Discography",
"YEARALBUMLABEL2003Live at the Fez NYC 07.03.03Kufala Records2007Live in Italy Featuring, Chucho Valdéz.Explorer Records2010Brooklyn ConnectionsPony Canyon/Japan2019Your Sound (Live at Dizzy's)Whaling Sounds2023MuthaflowerBunker Studios – Loove Labs"
],
[
"Awards",
"YEARAWARDDESCRIPTION2007GRAMMYGroove Collective: Best Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year for the release People People Music Music.2013Jazz Masters World in Odessa, UkraineBest Saxophone soloist"
],
[
"Collaborations Highlights",
"Throughout his career Jay Rodríguez has participated in over thirty musical projects.",
"Below is are the most prominent:YEARALBUMARTIST / CREDITS2003NorthElvis Costello.Produced and arranged “Impatience”Recorded horns in “When I Was Cruel”2008Global NoiseDJ Logic and Jason Miles2015Kind of NewJason Miles and Ingrid Jensen2006SuperflyLouie Vega's Remix of Superfly by Curtis MayfieldGrammy Award for Best Remixed Recording2001Fire at Keaton's BarDebbie Harry, Elvis Costello, Roy Nathanson y The Jazz Passengers2019NakedMiley CyrusArrangements2018Jimmy Fallon ShowPerformed with The Roots for Michael Kiwanuka5"
],
[
"Social & Community Engagement.",
"Jay Rodríguez was acknowledged in 2007 by the United Nations University and the World Bank in Tokyo (Japan) for his consistent work toward AIDS awareness through music in the Pacific basin.",
"He was also acknowledged for his commitment to the youth and children through his classes in Guadalajara (2008), in the school district of Nyack Free (2008), for the Jewish Board of Children Services as a music and production mentor and teacher (2010).",
"In 2013 he directed the first Youth Jazz Orchestra for the Jalisco International Jazz Fest."
],
[
"Festivals.",
"Over the course of his career, Jay Rodríguez Sierra has participated in countless jazz festivals worldwide.",
"Below are the most prominent ones:* La Havana Jazz Festival (1998).",
"With Chucho Valdés and Roy Hargrove.",
"* La Havana Jazz Festival as soloist with Chucho Valdes, Irakere and Roy Hargrove (December 1999);* Monterey Jazz festival with George Porter Jr. Falguni Shah and Jason Miles (2009);* The Red Sea Jazz Festival Ilat, Israel (Summer 2000);* The Mount Fuji Jazz Festival (2008);* Jalisco International Jazz Festival (July 2013);* The BAM New Wave Fest (October 2013);* Winter Jazz Festival in NYC (2015-2016)"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in ?",
"on February 13 and 14."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze''' Sadyk Lalaev"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Sadyk Lalaev 55789 Hleb Makaranka 101112131415161718"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tommy Todd (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Thomas W. \"Tommy\" Todd''' (1927 – May 13, 2018) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1982 to 1997.Todd was first elected in 1981 after incumbent representative Marshall Davenport retired.",
"He was defeated for renomination in 1996 by Jeff Hoover.He died in May 2018 at age 90."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2004–05 Irish First Division"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2004–05 Irish First Division''' was the tenth season of second-tier football in Northern Ireland under the league system at the time.",
"The division consisted of 12 clubs.Armagh City were the champions and were promoted to the 2005–06 Irish Premier League.",
"Glenavon finished second and entered the promotion play-off, defeating Crusaders 3–2 on aggregate and gaining promotion.",
"Ballinamallard United were relegated to the Irish Second Division.",
"Ballymoney United were also due to be relegated, but were given a reprieve due to Omagh Town (who were relegated from the Premier League) going out of business."
],
[
"League table"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kopčić family"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Kopčić family''' was a noble Ottoman Bosnian family that held possessions in the region of Rama, Duvno and Uskoplje.The oldest known member of the Kopčić family is Kasim Bey, who owned a ziamet, a form of land tenure, in the nahiyah of Osat, Borač and Vratar, all located in the kaza of Višegrad.",
"The ziamet consisted of six villages.",
"It produced akçe as revenue.",
"During the Battle of Mohács, when most of the Ottoman Bosnian landlords went for the battle, Kasim Bey was ordered to stay to defend the Bosnia Eyalet.",
"He had two sons – Murat Bey and Džafer Bey.Murat Bey was a sanjak-bey of Klis and resided in Livno.",
"He owned a ziamet in the nahiyah of Neretva, consisting of several villages.",
"Murat Bey built a maqtab in Prozor.",
"He had three sons – Džafer Bey, Kasim Bey and Nuh Bey.",
"All of them were beys and owned land in the Rama region.",
"Murat Bey's brother Džafer is mentioned in several folk songs.",
"Mehmed Bey, his only known child, was a landowner in the nahiyah of Neretva.The Kopčić family traditionally was in good relations with the Catholic populace."
],
[
"Footnotes"
],
[
"References",
"=== Books ===* === Journals ===*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Ihor Skybiuk"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Ihor Skybiuk''' (born 1976) is a Ukrainian serviceman, Brigadier General of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a participant of the Russian-Ukrainian war.",
"Commander of the Air Assault Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (since 2024).",
"Hero of Ukraine (2022).",
"Recipient of the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, II and III degrees (2022)."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Jo Elizabeth Bryant"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Jo Elizabeth Bryant''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1991 to 1995.Bryant was first elected in 1990 after defeating incumbent representative Charlie Siler in the May primary election.",
"She did not seek reelection in 1994."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"The Seven Kennings"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''The Seven Kennings Series''''' is a series of epic fantasy novels written by Kevin Hearne and published by Del Rey Books.",
"All of the books have been recorded as audiobooks narrated by Luke Daniels and Xe Sands."
],
[
"Synopsis",
"An epic fantasy series set in a world inhabited by fire-wielding Giants, bards that can shape-shift, and children that can speak to the more unusual inhabitants of the realm."
],
[
"Novels",
"'''''A Plague of Giants''''' (Del Rey, June 2018)'''''A Blight of Blackwings''''' (Del Rey, Feb 2020)'''''A Curse of Krakens''''' (Del Rey, Nov 2023)"
],
[
"Reception",
"Reviews for '''''A Plague of Giants''''' include Publisher's Weekly'''''''''', Elitist Book Reviews, and The Tattooed Book GeekReviews for '''''A Blight of Blackwings''''' include Kirkus Reviews, Reading Reality, and Waiting For FairiesReviews for A Curse of Krakens include USA Today, The Storygraph, and Los Angeles Book Reviews"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 67 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 67 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in ?",
"on February 13 and 14."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''' Ruslan Bichurin '''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Ruslan Bichurin 55789101112131415 Maksim Nehoda 16171819202122"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Women's U18 Volleyball European Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Women's Youth European Volleyball Championship''' will be the 16th edition of the Girls' Youth European Volleyball Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) the girls' under-18 national teams of Europe.",
"The tournament will be held in Romania and Greece from 1 to 13 July 2024."
],
[
"Qualification",
"Means of qualificationQualifierHost countryQualification 1st roundBVAEEVZAMEVZANEVZAWEVZAQualification 2nd roundPool ATBDPool BTBDPool CTBDPool DTBDPool ETBDBest runner upTBDTBDTBDTBD"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Errors Excepted"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Errors Excepted''''' is an 1807 comedy play by the British writer Thomas Dibdin.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket in London on 13 August 1807.The original cast included Charles Mayne Young as Frank Woodland, John Fawcett as Commodore Convoy, Charles Mathews as Lawyer Verdict, John Waddy as Mr Grumley, William Chapman as Old Mannerly, Vincent De Camp as Young Mannerly, Mr. Carles as Gabriel Invioice, John Liston as Richard, Harriett Litchfield as Sylvia, Jane Powell as Betty Barnes, Sarah Liston as Mrs Hall and Maria Gibbs as Fanny Freeman."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Torbjørg Utne"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Torbjørg Utne''' (1812 – 22 May 1903) was a Norwegian hotelier."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Torbjørg Johannesdatter Utne was born in Utne in 1812, a daughter of farmer Johannes Lutro and Torbjørg Helland.",
"She married merchant and hotelier Johan Winess Utne in 1832."
],
[
"Career",
"Serving as hostess at the in Utne, Hardanger for 70 years, Torbjørg Utne got legendary status, nicknamed ''Mor Utne''.",
"The hotel became a gathering point for scientists from Norway and other countries, and eventually for tourists.Her portrait, painted by Eilif Peterssen in 1888, is located at the National Museum of Norway.",
"Torbjørg Utne died in Utne on 22 June 1909."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"V. Shantaram Award"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''V.",
"Shantaram Award''' is the highest award in Marathi cinema, established by the Government of Maharashtra, India.",
"It is presented annually by the Department of Cultural Affairs, Maharashtra.",
"Award instituted in 1994 to recognises individual for their \"Lifetime Achievement to Marathi Cinema\".The Government of Maharashtra created the award to commemorate the contribution of Indian filmmaker V. Shantaram."
],
[
"Recipients",
"+ List of award recipientsYearImageRecipientField of work 1994 120x120px Chandrakant MandareActor 1995 Sudhir PhadkeMusic composer 1996 108x108px Lalita PawarActress 1997 126x126px Sulochana Latkar 1998 Dinkar D. PatilDirector, writer 1999 Sumati JoglekarActress 2000 120x120px Bhagwan DadaActor Vasant PainterDirector 2001 No award 2002 118x118px Chandrakant GokhaleActor 2003102px102pxJayshree GadkarActress 2004 90x90px Vanamala 2005 Annasaheb DeulgaonkarScreenwriter, producer 2006 110x110px Ashok SarafActor 2007 102x102px RajduttDirector 2008 114x114px Ramesh DeoActor 141x141px Seema DeoActress 2009 Jagdish KhebudkarWriter, lyricist 2010 Asha KaleActress 2011 120x120px Jabbar PatelDirector 2012 Leela GandhiActress 2013 Pandharinath JukarMake-up artist2014File:Portrait of Shashikala in the film Krorepati.jpg ShashikalaActress Suryakant LavandeCinematographer 2015 V.N Mayekar Editor 2016 90x90pxVikram Gokhale Actor 2017 Vijay Chavan 2018 Sushma Shiromani Actress 2019 Not awarded2020Ravindra MahajaniActor 2021Usha ChavanActress 202290x90pxUsha NaikActor"
],
[
"See also",
"* Dadasaheb Phalke Award"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 72 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 72 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in ?",
"on February 13 and 14."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''''''Bronze''' Narek Oganian"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall* '''R''' — Retired===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Narek Oganian 5578910 Aliaksandr Liavonchyk 111213141516171819"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"EagleCam"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''EagleCam''' is a deployable CubeSat camera system designed especially to photograph the anticipated upcoming landing of the IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus lander on the moon.",
"Photographs taken during the lunar landing of the Odysseus lander may also enable a better understanding of the dynamics of lunar landings on the lunar regolith and rock surfaces in the vicinity of the south pole of the Moon.",
"Such a better understanding of the local lunar surface features should assist with preparations for upcoming additional landings in the lunar south pole area which are scheduled to take place.The cubesat was piggybacked with the lander and launched on Falcon 9 rocket to Moon via direct-intercept trajectory.",
"This lunar landing is scheduled to take place on 22 February 2024.Just before landing, at approximately above the lunar surface, ''Odysseus'' will eject this CubeSat.",
"Once ejected, the EagleCam will land on the lunar surface somewhere near the lander.",
"From the surface the EagleCam will attempt to capture the first third-person images of a lunar landing.",
"The EagleCam will utilize a Wi-Fi connection with the ''Odysseus'' lander to relay its images back to Earth.The EagleCam CubeSat was designed and manufactured by staff and students at the Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Larry Brandstetter"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Lawrence W. \"Larry\" Brandstetter''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999.Brandstetter was first elected in 1994 after incumbent representative Bill Lear retired.",
"He was defeated for reelection in 1998 by Democrat Susan Westrom."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Infectious disease on cruise ships"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Infectious disease on cruise ships''' is a hazard associated with cruises.",
"Outbreaks of contagious diseases can spread quickly due to the confined cruise ship environment, reliance on shared spaces, the lack of healthcare facilities, and the large number of passengers and crew members from disparate points of origin.Outbreaks of diseases including norovirus, Legionnaire’s, cyclosporiasis, and COVID-19 have all occurred on cruise ships."
],
[
"Diseases",
"Respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases are more likely to be communicated on cruise ships.===Norovirus===Norovirus is a virus that can cause gastroenteritis and is also a cause of gastroenteritis on cruise ships.",
"It is typically transmitted from person to person.",
"Symptoms usually last between 1 and 3 days and generally resolve without treatment or long term consequences.",
"The incubation period of the virus averages about 24 hours.Norovirus outbreaks are often perceived to be associated with cruise ships.",
"According to the American CDC, factors that cause norovirus to be associated with cruise ships include the closer tracking and faster reporting of illnesses on cruise ships compared to those on land; the closer living quarters that increases the amount of interpersonal contact and the turnover of passengers that may bring the viruses on board.Outbreak investigations by the CDC have shown that transmission of norovirus among cruise ship passengers is primarily person-to-person; potable water supplies have not been implicated.",
"In a study published in the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'', the CDC reported that, \"Perceptions that cruise ships can be luxury breeding grounds for acute gastroenteritis outbreaks don't hold water.",
"A recent CDC report showed that from 2008 to 2014, only 0.18% of more than 73 million cruise passengers and 0.15% of some 28 million crew members reported symptoms of the illness.",
"\"Ships docked in port undergo surprise health inspections.",
"In 2009, ships that underwent unannounced inspections by the CDC received an average CDC Vessel Sanitation Program score of approximately 97 out of a total possible 100 points.",
"The minimum passing inspection score is 85.Collaboration with the CDC's Vessel Sanitation Program and the development of Outbreak Prevention and Response Plans has been credited in decreasing the incidence of norovirus outbreaks on ships.===Legionnaires' disease===''Legionella'', the bacterium which causes Legionnaires' disease, and in particular the most virulent strain, ''Legionella pneumophila'' serogroup 1, can cause infections when inhaled as an aerosol or aspirated.",
"50 passengers across nine cruises in 1994 either contracted Legionnaire's or likely contracted the disease due to exposure to whirlpool spas contaminated with the pathogen.===Enterotoxigenic ''Escherichia coli'' ===Enterotoxigenic ''Escherichia coli'' is a form of ''E.",
"coli'' and the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in the developing world, as well as the most common cause of diarrhea for travelers to those areas.",
"Since 2008 there has been at least one reported incident each year of ''E.",
"coli'' on international cruise ships reported to the Vessel Sanitation Program of the Centers for Disease Control, though there were none in 2015.Causes of ''E.",
"coli'' infection include the consumption of contaminated food or water contaminated by human waste.=== COVID-19 ===Cases and suspected cases of COVID-19 occurred on cruise ships in early 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"Authorities across the world turned away ships or quarantined them; cruise operators cancelled some port visits and ultimately suspended global cruise operations.",
"People aboard cruise ships played a role in spreading the disease in some countries."
],
[
"Outbreaks",
"===2020s===Cruise launch yearCruise datesOwner/OperatorShipDiseaseCasesDeathsLocationNotes and References20202 February - 16 FebruaryPrincess Cruises''Caribbean Princess''Norovirus4030No information202016 February - 1 MarchPrincess Cruises''Caribbean Princess''Norovirus2590No information20201 March - 16 MarchHolland America Line''Westerdam''Unknown270No information20207 March - 19 MarchRoyal Caribbean International''Grandeur of the Seas''Norovirus1050No information202129 November - 13 DecemberViking Cruises''Viking Sea''Vibrio and ''E.",
"coli''1200No information202228 April - 5 MaySeabourn Cruise Line''Seabourn Odyssey''Unknown200No information202224 May - 31 MayCarnival Cruise Line''Carnival Splendor''Norovirus800No information202221 December - 6 JanuarySilversea Cruises''Silver Moon''Unknown280No information202229 December - 3 JanuaryP&O Cruises''MV Arcadia''Norovirus940No information20231 January - 13 AprilP&O Cruises''MV Arcadia''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202316 January - 21 JanuaryRoyal Caribbean International''Brilliance of the Seas''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202328 January - 3 FebruaryRoyal Caribbean International''Jewel of the Seas''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20232 February - 5 MarchPrincess Cruises''Ruby Princess''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20236 March - 17 MarchCelebrity Cruises''Celebrity Constellation''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20239 March - 18 MarchCelebrity Cruises''Celebrity Equinox''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202311 March - 23 MarchRoyal Caribbean International''Enchantment of the Seas''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202323 March - 31 MarchRoyal Caribbean International''Enchantment of the Seas''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202317 March - 1 AprilPrincess Cruises''Emerald Princess''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202331 March - 28 AprilPrincess Cruises''Grand Princess''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202331 March - 28 AprilPrincess Cruises''Grand Princess''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20236 May - 21 MayHolland America''Nieuw Amsterdam''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202315 May - 25 MayCelebrity Cruises''Celebrity Summit''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20236 June - 20 JuneViking Cruises''Viking Neptune''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo informationViking Cruises blamed the outbreak on an Icelandic restaurant visited by some passengers.20238 October - 13 OctoberVirgin Voyages''Scarlet Lady''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information20243 January - 12 JanuaryCelebrity Cruises''Celebrity Constellation''NorovirusNo informationNo informationNo information202422 January - 6 FebruaryCunard Line''Queen Victoria''Unknown150+No informationNo informationAs of 8 February 2024, the disease had not been identified."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Pompeo Provana del Sabbione"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Count '''Rufo Pompeo Provana del Sabbione''' (Turin, 10 April 1816 – Turin, 1 January 1884) was an Italian admiral and senator who briefly served as Minister of the Navy in 1867 and 1868."
],
[
"Early life and career",
"Pompeo was the son of Count Casimiro Provana Del Sabbione and his wife Adelaide Romagnano.",
"He was born into an old and distinguished house of the Piedmontese nobility.",
"One of his uncles, Luigi, was also a senator and a member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin; another uncle, Michele, was mayor of Turin, as was his grandfather Francesco.On 1 September 1828 he enrolled at the Royal Navy School of Genoa from which he graduated and on 13 March 1833 was appointed ensign second class in the general staff corps.",
"He took part in the First Italian War of Independence as a lieutenant second class, and in the Crimean War as frigate captain in command of the paddle corvette ''Malfatano'', towing the '':it: Azzardoso'' from Genoa to the Black Sea.",
"In 1859, as commander of the second-rate wheeled pyrofrigate ''Governolo'' he transported French troops from Toulon to Genoa to fight in the Second Italian War of Independence.On 19 June of that same year he joined the naval division in the Adriatic.",
"On 10 July ignoring the armistice agreed two days earlier, he captured four small Austrian merchant units near the Bay of Kotor but had to release them after protests from the Habsburg government.",
"On 16 October 1859 he was promoted to captain second class and given command of the first-rate frigate ''San Michele'', on board which in September 1860 he took part in the siege of Ancona, earning the officer's cross of the Military Order of Savoy.Provana del Sabbione’s next command was modern first-rate propeller-driven pyrofrigate ''Vittorio Emanuele'' and distinguished himself during the siege of Gaeta, earning the silver medal for military valor, and the siege of Messina.On 1 April 1861 he was promoted to rear admiral and in 1863 he was given command of the first-rate propeller frigate ''Maria Adelaide''.",
"He made a tour of the western Mediterranean, sailed to Portugal and took part in the first naval review in Naples after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.",
"After the defeat at the Battle of Lissa, he was invited to assume command of the fleet but refused."
],
[
"Ministerial career",
"In December 1867 Provana Del Sabbione agreed instead to serve as Minister of the Navy in the first Menabrea government.",
"Menabrea had held the portfolio himself on an interim basis after the resignation of Federico Pescetto amid accusations of collusion with other Freemasons and with opponents of the disgraced admiral Carlo Pellion di Persano.His brief tenure was marked by three main initiatives.",
"He supported the early phase of Italian colonialism, sending captain Luigi Bertelli to explore the coasts of the Red Sea.",
"He also drafted a bill to create a single institute in Livorno for training Navy officers in the old quarantine hospital, but was opposed by the Ministry of the Interior which wanted to preserve its public health use.",
"Last, he withdrew the bill laid before the chamber by his predecessor Pescetto concerning the reorganization of the Marine infantry.",
"The cabinet in which Provana Del Sabbione served was short-lived, losing a vote of confidence in the chamber.",
"Menabrea was obliged to form a new cabinet that was more politically balanced and less reliant on courtiers, senators and senior officials from outside the chamber.",
"Provana Del Sabbione resigned with his colleagues and was replaced in the new cabinet by Augusto Riboty."
],
[
"Later career",
"After resigning as Minister of the Navy, Provana Del Sabbione returned to active service as vice admiral and resuming command of the second Maritime Department.",
"Four days later he was appointed to the Senate.",
"On 25 February 1869 he became a member of the commission for the examination of the maritime penal code.",
"He retired when he reached the age limit for active service on 1 December 1870.He died in Turin on 2 January 1884."
],
[
"Honours",
" Grand'Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia - ribbon for ordinary uniform Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy Commendatore dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro - ribbon for ordinary uniform Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Medaglia d'argento al valor militare - ribbon for ordinary uniform Silver Medal of Military Valor Commendatore dell'Ordine del Leone dei Paesi Bassi (Paesi Bassi) - ribbon for ordinary uniform Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion Medaglia inglese della Guerra di Crimea - ribbon for ordinary uniform British Crimea Medal"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Women's U20 Volleyball European Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Women's U20 Volleyball European Championship''' will be the 29th edition of the Women's Junior European Volleyball Championship, a biennial international volleyball tournament organised by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) the women's under-20 national teams of Europe.",
"The tournament will be held in Bulgaria and Ireland from 5 to 17 August 2024."
],
[
"Qualification",
"Means of qualificationQualifierHost countryQualification 1st roundBVAEEVZAMEVZANEVZAWEVZAQualification 2nd roundPool ATBDPool BTBDPool CTBDPool DTBDPool ETBDBest runner upTBDTBDTBDTBD"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Official website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Khushal Khan Kakar"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Khushal Khan Kakar''' (), is a Pakistani politician who is member-elect of the National Assembly of Pakistan."
],
[
"Political career",
"Kakar won the 2024 Pakistani general election from NA-251 Sherani-cum-Zhob-cum-Killa Saifullah as a Pashtunkhwa National Awami Party Pakistan candidate.",
"He received 45,712 votes while runner up Syed Samiullah of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) received 44,763 votes."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Miss Grand South Africa 2024"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Miss Grand South Africa 2024''' will be the ninth edition edition of the Miss Grand South Africa pageant, scheduled for mid-2024 at the Atterbury Theatre, Pretoria.",
"Thirty-two candidates from different districts of the country will compete for the title.",
"The winner of the contest will be crowned by Miss Grand South Africa 2023 Gugulethu Mayisela and obtain the right to represent the country at the international parent stage, Miss Grand International 2024, to be held in Myanmar on 25 October."
],
[
"Pageant",
"Before entering the final stage, all qualified finalists attended several pageant-related workshops starting on 16 March in Centurion.",
"The pageant's grand final round was expected to happen in mid-2024.In this edition, the winner of the Public Choice Award, determined via bank transfer-paid voting, will receive an extra 3 points in the grand final round as well as automatically qualify for the top 11 finalists regardless of the accumulated scores."
],
[
"Result",
" Position DelegateMiss Grand South Africa 2024*''TBD''1st runner-up*''TBD''2nd runner-up*''TBD''3rd runner-up*''TBD''4th runner-up*''TBD''Top 11*''TBD''Special awardsPublic Choice*''TBD'';Notes"
],
[
"Candidates",
"Thirty-two candidates will compete for the title, none from the provinces of the Free State and the Northern Cape.Team Eastern Cape Team KwaZulu-Natal Team Gauteng* * * Durban – Sinamile Dlamini* Ladysmith – Nokwanda Bila* Musgrave – Sivuyisile Malinga* Newcastle – Sharné Dheochand* Umlazi – Alicia Mthembu* Alberton – Thenjiwe Khatle* Benoni – Mandisa Khumalo* Boksburg – Melissa Moyani* Boksburg – Nandipha Nqati* Ennerdale – Odwa Nyeke* Hazelwood – Kefiloe Kolopang* Johannesburg – Juane Bekker* Linden – Naledi Mphahlele* Pretoria – Karabo Lawal* Sandton – Chanel Rautenbach* Sandton – Lesego Nyathela* Soweto – Fhulufhelo Bilankulu* Soweto – Lethaukuthula Maseko* Vanderbijlpark – Suhané Bosch* Vereeniging – Dikeledi Mokwane* Vereeniging – Sherlain HolmesTeam Limpopo Team Mpumalanga * Phalaborwa – Zinhle Mkhabela* Polokwane – Pertunia Mathole* Leandra – Portia NdabaTeam North West Team Western Cape* Brits – Relebogile Muruvi* Ganyesa – Letlhogonolo Basime* Mahikeng – Kgakollo Dithipe* Rustenburg – Galaletsang Phuti * Cape Town – Candy-lee Duarttee* Stellenbosch – Colleen Stafford"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Joe Henson (video game designer)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Joe Henson''' (born August 26, 1991), is a British video game designer and marketing consultant.",
"His projects include ''Don't Scream'', and ''Paranormal Tales''."
],
[
"Career",
"Henson's career in the video game industry began in 2015 with British independent developer Digital Cybercherries.",
"He has served in dual capacities at the company, fulfilling roles as both a creative gameplay designer and marketing director.",
"His early work contributed to projects like ''New Retro Arcade: Neon'' and ''Hypercharge: Unboxed''.",
"''Paranormal Tales'' was unveiled on October 25, 2022.On November 10, 2022, Henson announced that Digital Cybercherries would be developing and publishing ''Paranormal Tales''.",
"''Don't Scream'' was released in Steam Early Access for Microsoft Windows in October 2023."
],
[
"Games",
" Title Released Role(s) ''Paranormal Tales'' Upcoming Founder and creative gameplay designer ''Don't Scream'' 2023 Founder and game designer ''Hypercharge: Unboxed'' 2020 Creative gameplay and marketing director ''New Retro Arcade: Neon'' 2016 Marketing director"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 82 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 82 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in ?",
"on February 13 and 14."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''' Islam Aliev '''Bronze'''"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Islam Aliev 557 Stanislau Shafarenka 891011121314151617181920"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Bill Lear (politician)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''William M. Lear''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1985 to 1995.Lear was first elected in 1984 after incumbent representative Hank List retired.",
"He did not seek reelection in 1994 and was succeeded by Republican Larry Brandstetter."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"List of Alpha Chi Omega members"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Alpha Chi Omega is an American collegiate women's fraternity founded at DePauw University in 1885.Following is a '''list of Alpha Chi Omega members'''."
],
[
"Academia",
"* Llerena Friend: librarian, teacher, author, and founding director of the Barker Center for Texas History * Condoleezza Rice (''Gamma Delta''): former U.S. Secretary of State and director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University"
],
[
"Art",
"* Bonnibel Butler (''Theta''): illustrator of children's books and magazines, including ''St.",
"Nicholas''* Carol Haerer (''Kappa Kappa''): artist known for abstract painting"
],
[
"Business",
"* Sherron Watkins (''Alpha Phi''): Enron whistleblower, former vice president of Corporate Development of Enron Corporation, ''USA Today'' and ''Time'' Person of the Year 2002* Barbara W. Winder (''Beta Nu''): president of the Relief Society"
],
[
"Entertainment",
"* Jayne Atkinson (''Gamma''): actress known for her Tony Award–nominated roles in ''The Rainmaker'' and ''Enchanted April''* Laura Berman (''Alpha Iota''): relationship therapist and television host of ''In the Bedroom with Dr. Laura Berman'' * Rita Braver (''Kappa''): CBS news correspondent* Hannah Brown (''Alpha Upsilon''): 2018 Miss Alabama USA winner and star of ''The Bachelorette''* Linda Cavanaugh (''Psi''): news anchor* Eleanor Coppola (''Alpha Psi''): Emmy award-winning documentarian* Jen Corey (''Beta Rho''): 2009 Miss District of Columbia winner, top 10 Miss America 2010 contestant* Melissa d'Arabian (''Alpha Iota''): ''The Next Food Network Star'' winner and host of ''Ten Dollar Dinners''* Deidre Downs (''Zeta Lambda''): 2005 Miss America winner* Carol Duvall (Beta Epsilon): host of ''The Carol Duvall Show''* Simone Esters (''Alpha Nu''): 2019 Miss Missouri; 2nd runner up Miss America* Ruth Brooks Flippen (''Gamma''): screenwriter and television writer* Elle Fowler (''Beta Tau''): co-creator of beauty and style-related tutorials on YouTube as ''AllThatGlitters21'' * Georgia Frazier (''Psi''): Miss Oklahoma's Outstanding Teen 2009 and Miss Oklahoma 2015* Kathi Goertzen (''Omega''): television news anchor* Alyson Hannigan (''Theta Xi''): actress known for ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' and ''How I Met Your Mother''* Jenilee Harrison (''Epsilon''): actress known for ''Dallas'' and ''Three's Company''* Nancy Hoyt (''Delta Kappa''): participant in ''The Amazing Race''* Janet Hsieh (''Theta Omicron''): television host, Golden Bell Award winner, model, and violinist* Laura Innes (''Gamma''): actress (''ER'')* Natalie Jacobson (''Alpha Tau''): television news anchor* Jane Anne Jayroe (''Gamma Tau''): 1967 Miss America* Sarah Jones (''Epsilon Kappa''): contestant on ''Survivor''* Taylor Kessler (''Delta Kappa''): Miss Texas USA 2020* Tami Lane (''Zeta Eta''): make-up artist and Academy Award winner* Audra Levi (''Alpha Psi''): a star of ''Kid's Beat'' and co-founder of the SoCal VoCals* Jean Martirez (''Alpha Nu''): news anchor* Beth Mitchell (''Zeta Xi''): dancer and 1998 National Shag Dancing Champion* Meredith Monroe (''Upsilon''): actress known for ''Dawson's Creek''* Agnes Nixon (''Gamma''): four-time Daytime Emmy–winning TV writer and producer* Aubrey O'Day (''Epsilon Psi''): former member of Danity Kane and cast member of ''MTV's Making The Band 3''* Martha Quinn: MTV VJ, radio host and actress* Melissa Rycroft (''Psi''): former Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader and contestant on ''The Bachelor'' and ''Dancing with the Stars''* Sarah Shahi (''Iota Sigma''): actress known for ''The L Word''* Trista Sutter (''Alpha Mu''): former star of ''The Bachelorette''* Dawn Wells (''Rho''): actress known for ''Gilligan's Island''"
],
[
"Law",
"* Robin S. Rosenbaum (''Zeta Phi''): judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit* Victoria Toensing (''Alpha Mu''): Republican Party operative and deputy assistant attorney general in the U.S. Justice Department"
],
[
"Literature and journalism",
"* Kristen Soltis Anderson (''Gamma Iota''): Republican pollster, blogger, and author* Ronda Carman (''Delta Kappa'') author* Margaret Cousins (''Alpha Phi''): editor, journalist, and writer* Shannon Fisher (''Beta Delta''): journalist* Georgie Anne Geyer (''Gamma''): journalist and author* Atoosa Rubenstein (''Theta Psi''): magazine editor* Gail Sheehy (''Alpha Iota''): author"
],
[
"Music",
"* Amy Beach: composer and pianist* Edith Bideau: soprano singer* Winifred Byrd: concert pianist* Helen Hopekirk: pianist and classical composer* Margaret Ruthven Lang: composer who was affiliated with the Second New England School* Marian MacDowell: pianist and co-founder of the MacDowell Colony* Adele aus der Ohe: concert pianist and composer* Maud Powell (''Alpha''): violinist* Julie Rivé-King: concert pianist, composer, and teacher* Antoinette Szumowska: pianist* Margaret Hoberg Turrell: composer and organist* Ellen Beach Yaw: coloratura soprano* Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler (''Alpha''): pianist"
],
[
"Politics",
"* Jari Askins (''Psi''): Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma* Megan Barry (''Omicron''): mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County* Stephanie Bice (''Gamma Epsilon''): U.S. Representative for * Nan Campbell (''Rho''): first woman to be elected mayor in the city of Bellevue, Washington* Kathryn F. Clarenbach (''Kappa''): first chairperson of the National Organization for Women * Stephanie Hilferty (''Zeta Psi''): Louisiana House of Representatives * Kymberly Pine (''Pi''): Hawaii House of Representatives* Condoleezza Rice (''Gamma Delta''): former U.S. Secretary of State and director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University* Emma Ridgway: member of the Washington House of Representatives for five terms* Victoria Toensing (''Alpha Mu''): Republican Party operative and deputy assistant attorney general in the U.S. Justice Department"
],
[
"Science and engineering",
"* Wally Funk (''Gamma Epsilon''): first female Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board inspector, one of the Mercury 13, and oldest woman in space as of July 2021* Anna Menon (''Iota Lambda''): mission director at SpaceX and NASA biomedical flight controller for the International Space Station"
],
[
"Sports",
"* Maddy Curley (''Epsilon Chi''): collegiate gymnast* Julia Marino (''Nu''): freestyle skier and the first Winter Olympian to represent the South American country"
],
[
"See also",
"* List of Alpha Chi Omega chapters"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Beggar My Neighbour (play)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Beggar My Neighbour''''' is an 1802 comedy play by the British author Thomas Morton.",
"It premiered in London at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, then under the management of George Colman, on 10 July 1802.It received a poor reception from audiences."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Macqueen-Pope, Walter.",
"''Haymarket: Theatre of Perfection''.",
"W.H.",
"Allen, 1948.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Walled town of Riyadh"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''walled town of Riyadh''' was the original core of Riyadh, the present-day capital of Saudi Arabia, located on the western edge of Wadi al-Batʼha.",
"The town emerged from the ruins of Migrin in 1746 when Daham bin Dawwas erected a wall around it, built a palace for himself and ruled as the settlement's chieftain until his overthrow by the First Saudi State in 1773.It was later the center of power of the Second Saudi State for most of 19th century following brief Ottoman presence in Najd.",
"Abdulaziz ibn Saud captured the town in 1902 and made it the base for his 30-year long unification wars that led to the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932.The town served as the administrative center of the Saudi government until 1938, when Ibn Saud moved his workplace and residence to Murabba Palace.",
"In 1950, he instructed the dismantling of the fortifications in order to expand the settlement into a metropolis and the walled town eventually ceased to exist.",
"The area covering the perimeters of the erstwhile town was renamed as the Qasr al-Hukm District in 1973 with the aim of preserving its historical and architectural significance since the metropolis outgrew as an offshoot of the walled town in the 1950s."
],
[
"History",
"The walled town of Riyadh succeeded from the town of Migrin in the 1740s, when Daham bin Dawwas, a tribal leader from Manfuhah, consolidated his rule by constructing an earth-structured fortified wall that encircled the town and building a palace for himself, which was later known as the al-Hukm Palace.",
"He reigned as the town's chieftain until his overthrow by the forces of Muhammad ibn Saud, the leader of the First Saudi State.The town was later occupied by the Ottoman-backed Egyptian forces led by Muhammad Ali Pasha and Ibrahim Pasha launched a retaliatory offensive into Najd, pressing hard and subsequently laying siege to Diriyah and vanquishing the First Saudi State in the process in the aftermath of the Najd expedition and Wahhabi War of 1818.In 1824, Turki bin Abdullah al-Saud regained control of Najd and shifted the royal family's center of power to the walled town, in the al-Hukm Palace as the infrastructure in Diriyah was razed to the ground.",
"The House of Saud continued to control the town until the Ha'il-based Rashidi Emirate deposed the royal family in the 1880s.",
"Its last emir, Abdul Rahman bin Faisal al-Saud and his family, were sent to exile and later settled themselves in Kuwait.1922 map of RiyadhAlmost ten years later in 1901, Ibn Saud, the son of the exiled emir Abdul Rahman al-Saud, embarked on a raiding spree into Nejd where he began targeting tribes associated with the Rashidis in an attempt to avenge his father's exile.",
"Within months, he was able to capture Riyadh in January 1902 and subsequently establish the Emirate of Riyadh.",
"Ibn Saud would go on to reclaim the territories of his ancestors, launching offensives into Hasa in 1913, Ḥa'il in 1921, Hejaz in 1924, and Yemen in 1934 as part of his unification campaigns and establishing several iterations of the Third Saudi State.",
"In 1932, he renamed his annexes and dependencies by unifying them under the name of Saudi Arabia with Riyadh at its capital.=== Urbanization around the walled town (1930s–1940s) ===Ibn Saud's consolidation of power following the takeover of Hejaz brought unprecedented stability to the major settlements within his territory.",
"The defensive fortifications built around various towns to ward off external and internal threats slowly turned out to be redundant.",
"Following the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932, Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman al-Saud, the brother of Ibn Saud commissioned the Atiqah Palace, the first building constructed outside the city walls.Between 1936 and 1938, Ibn Saud built the Murabba Palace out of the walls of Riyadh as the town had started to become unprecedently congested and almost uninhabitable.",
"Ibn Saud restored the Margab Fort in 1936 and also built the Thulaim Palace between 1936 and 1939, that served as one of the quarantine facilities for treating patients during the smallpox epidemic of the 1940s.",
"In 1943, the Red Palace was built for Saud bin Abdulaziz, the first structure erected using reinforced concrete in the history of Saudi Arabia and resulted in the direct development of the Fouta district.city walls around early 1950sSettlements like Hillat al-Gusman emerged in the 1930s, which was inhabited mostly by traders who came from Qassim.",
"In the 1940s, several Kuwaiti merchants and traders set up an auction market just outside the northeastern fringes of the city walls, that later got evolved into the al-Batʼha commercial area.",
"In 1948, Ibn Saud established the Memorial School in the present-day Margab neighborhood, the first public school established in Riyadh to provide formal education to the city's residents.In 1950, Ibn Saud ordered the dismantling of the city walls and the city began to rapidly urbanize in the aftermath, especially between 1950s and 1970s.",
"As a result, several quarters and neighborhoods such as Duhairah and Dakhna were abandoned by its residents in pursuit of better opportunities in the north of the capital metropolis.=== Qasr al-Hukm District ===The surrounding area of the al-Hukm Palace had slowly begun to decline in importance.",
"In March 1973, King Faisal bin Abdulaziz issued directives to Sheikh Abdulaziz Thunayyan, then mayor of Riyadh to conduct an extensive study of the area surrounding the al-Hukm Palace and implementing the project of its renovation the following year.",
"In 1976, the High Commission for the Development of Arriyadh commissioned the Qasr Al-Hukm District Development Project and agreed on developmental programs that were prepared to transform the Qasr al-Hukm District into a cultural center.",
"The designs were completed by 1979 and the construction lasted between 1983 and 1992 in broadly two phases, costing around US$500 million.",
"The project was overseen by Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud, the-then governor of Riyadh and was completed between 1983 and 1992."
],
[
"Landmarks",
"Al-Hukm Palace, 1943=== Al Hukm Palace ===Al-Hukm Palace (), also known as the al-ʽAdl Palace (), so called from the public square it overlooks from the south, is a historic palace located directly opposite to Grand Mosque in the erstwhile walled town.",
"It is the ''de facto'' site where tribal leaders and members of the Saudi royal family pledge allegiance to the country's political leadership.",
"Built in 1747, it was known as Ibn Dawwas Palace'''''' until the 1820s, when Turki bin Abdullah, after gaining control of Najd, shifted the royal family's center of power from Diriyah to the walled town of Riyadh due to the former's severe destruction in a brutal siege during the Ottoman–Wahhabi War of 1818 as well as the town's Ottoman sacking in 1821.Once the administrative headquarters of the old city within the former walls, it was built by Daham bin Dawwas in 1747 and is the oldest structure in Riyadh that was razed and rebuilt on numerous occasions over the course of time.",
"It was also the official residences of several royals of the first and second Saudi states and today serves as the main office of the governor of Riyadh.=== Masmak Fort ===Masmak Fort () is a clay and mudbrick fort located in close proximity to the al-Hukm Palace in the erstwhile walled town.",
"It was constructed in 1865 and was the main site of the battle for the walled town by Ibn Saud in 1902.It consists of four mudbrick cylindrical watchtowers.=== Justice Square ===Justice Square () or Safa Square ()'''''' is a public space in the erstwhile walled town, located adjacent to the al-Hukm Palace compound and Grand Mosque.",
"It is known as the historic site of public executions, where those sentenced to death in Saudi Arabia are publicly beheaded.=== Grand Mosque ===Grand Mosque (), is a congregational mosque located adjacent to al-Hukm Palace while overlooking the Justice Square in the erstwhile walled town.",
"It was established in the 1820s during the reign of Turki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Saud, the founder and ''Imam'' of the Second Saudi State.=== Dakhna Grand Mosque ===Dakhna Grand Mosque is a congregational mosque and an active place of worship located south of Souq al-Zal in the former Dakhna quarter of the erstwhile walled town.",
"It was built in 1773 by Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab and later got evolved into a center of learning for Hanbali Sunni scholars."
],
[
"Quarters",
"=== Duhairah ===Hillat al-Duhairah was a neighborhood and a douar partially within the former city walls.",
"The ruins of the area today constitute a large chunk of ad-Dirah neighborhood.",
"Bordered by al-Suwailem Street to the west and ad-Duhairah Street to the east, most of its residents abandoned the area during Riyadh's multiple phases of expansion and modernization, especially between 1950s and 1970s.=== Ajnab ===Hillat Al-Ajnab () was a quarter and a douar within the city walls located in the northeastern corner of the walled town.",
"It was situated east of Masmak Fortress, at the entrance of Bab al-Thumairi.",
"The ruins of the settlement today include most of Souq al-Suweigah in the ad-Dirah neighborhood and its name was derived from ''al-ājānib'' (), the Arabic word for outsiders as most of its residents where foreigners who were given accommodation as guests or advisors of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud, such as John Philby and Muhammad Asad.=== Gadimah ===Hillat al-Gadimah (), originally known as Hayy al-Aamir (), was a settlement and a douar within the city walls, located in the southeastern corner of the walled town.",
"It was built on a farm owned by a farmer named Ibn Issa and was later incorporated into the capital metropolis of Riyadh following the dismantling of the city walls in 1950.The quarter hosted the al-Hilla Mosque.=== Mugailiyah ===Hillat al-Mugailiyah () was a residential quarter and a douar within the city walls, located west of Duhairah in the northwestern corner of the walled town.",
"It contained the sub-quarter of Hillat al-Ata'if () and al-Muʼeiqiliah Mosque, al-Ata'if Mosque as well as Ibn Suleiman School.",
"The douar ceased to exist in the aftermath of the demolition of city walls in 1950 and subsequent expansion of Riyadh into a metropolis between the 1950s and 1970s.",
"It is today largely situated on the site of Souq al-Maigliah in the ad-Dirah neighborhood.Souq al-Mughaibrah, 1943=== Muraighib ===Hillat al-Muraighib () was a quarter and a douar within the city walls, located in the southwestern corner of the walled town.",
"It contained the sub-quarter of Hillat al-Mughaibrah (), which mostly included a cemetery and an eponymous souq.",
"The al-Mughaibrah sub-quarter hosted one of the two cemeteries that catered the needs of the town's inhabitants, other being Shalaga.",
"It hosted the Muraighib School and Muraighib Mosque.=== Al Ghanaiy ===Hillat al-Ghanaiy () was a quarter and a douar within the city walls located between Mugailiyah and Muraighib in the northwestern part of the walled town.",
"The quarter was attributed to the family of al-Qanaiʼy, who owned the land in the area and hosted two small markets, Qaisiriya Ibn Qulaib (later Souq al-Ushaiger) and Qaisiriya Prince Saad bin Abdullah.=== Al Sharqiyah ===Hillat Al Sharqiyah () was a quarter and a douar within the city walls, located west of Dakhna and east of Muraighib in the southwestern part of the walled town.",
"It included the Sharqiyah Mosque, Khalid bin Saud Mosque, Souq Sidrah and al-Jufrah Mosque.=== Dakhna ===Hillat al-Dakhna (), alternatively transliterated as Dekhna or Dukhnah, was a quarter and a douar within the former city walls, located west of al-Gadimah and south of al-Duhairah in southern part of the walled town.",
"The quarter contained the 18th century Dakhna Grand Mosque, due to which it was nicknamed as ''Hayy al-ʿUlamāʾ'' () and was located in close proximity to the Dakhna Gate.",
"It was a prominent settlement and a major commercial center until the early 1960s and was incorporated into the metropolis of Riyadh between the 1950s and 1970s.It was named after Dakhna well and was itself attributed to a tribe from Asir named Bani Sharif.",
"In 1773, following the House of Saud-led takeover of the walled town, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab built a mosque in the area, which later became a center of learning for Hanbali Sunni scholars and was dubbed as Hayy al-Ulama.Dakhna Grand Mosque, 1952=== Doho ===Al-Doho (), formerly Haara al-Hilla () and alternatively transliterated as al-Daho or al-Dahu, is a historic neighborhood situated within the former old city walls in the southernmost part of the walled town.",
"It is the only quarter that survived following the dismantling of the city walls in 1950."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2013–14 Old Dominion Monarchs women's basketball team"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2013–14 Old Dominion Monarchs women’s basketball team''' represented Old Dominion University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season.",
"The Monarchs, led by third year head coach Karen Barefoot, played their home games at Ted Constant Convocation Center and were members of Conference USA.The Monarchs finished the season 18–16, 9–7 in C-USA play to finish in a two-way tie for sixth place.",
"They advanced to the semifinals of the C-USA women's tournament where they lost to WKU.",
"They were invited to the Women's National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Navy in the first round before losing to Auburn in the second round."
],
[
"Roster"
],
[
"Schedule",
"Non-conference regular seasonC-USA regular season C-USA tournamentWNIT*'''Source:''' Old Dominion Athletics"
],
[
"See also",
"*2013–14 Old Dominion Monarchs men's basketball team"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Bob Moore (American food executive)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Robert Gene Moore''' (February 15, 1929 – February 10, 2024) was an American food executive and philanthropist.",
"He and his wife Charlee founded Bob's Red Mill, a brand of whole-grain foods and baking products, in 1978.An illustration of Moore's face is found on all of the company's products, alongside the salutation \"To Your Good Health\".Born in Portland, Oregon and raised in San Bernardino, California, he had a number of jobs throughout his life, including serving in the United States Army, owning a pair of gas stations, and working at J.C. Penney.",
"He discovered his passion for whole-grain milling in the mid-1960s, when he started up Moores' Flour Mill in Redding, California in 1974.After planning to retire and learn to read the Bible in its original languages, Charlee and Bob ended up opening up another flour mill in Milwaukie, Oregon that became Bob's Red Mill.",
"The company grew to $100 million in revenue by 2010, at which point he transitioned the company to an employee stock ownership plan.",
"He retired from the company in 2018, remaining a board member until his death at age 94."
],
[
"Early life and education",
"Robert Gene Moore was born in Portland, Oregon on February 15, 1929, to Ken and Doris Moore.",
"He had a younger sister named Jeannie.",
"He was raised in San Bernardino, California.",
"His father had a job driving a Wonder Bread truck.Moore graduated from high school and then served in the United States Army for three years, building roads and bridges on Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands."
],
[
"Career",
"Bob's Red Mill products on grocery store shelves.After the Army, Moore worked as an electronics technician at U.S. Electrical Motors Company, where he met his eventual wife Charlee Lucille Coote.",
"He later managed gas stations in Gardena and Mammoth Lakes, California.",
"After those failed, he moved with his wife to Sacramento, where he worked at Sears.",
"By the mid-1940s, Moore had moved to Redding, California where he managed a J.C. Penney auto shop.Moore's drive for healthier foods started with his father's death of a heart attack at age 49, and his grandmother's healthy eating obsession.",
"He began experimenting with stone-ground flours in the mid-1960s after reading ''John Goffe's Mill'' by George Woodbury, a book about an archeologist who rebuilt a flour mill and went into business with no prior experience.Bob, Charlee, and two of their sons, Bob Jr. and Ken, opened Moores' Flour Mill in Redding, California in 1974.The business was located in a vacant Quonset hut.",
"Following a desire to read the Bible in its original languages, they left the business to their children to study at Western Evangelical Seminary, a seminary school in Oregon.",
"They originally intended this to be their retirement.",
"Soon after moving though, the couple came upon an old feed mill that was set to be torn down.",
"They founded Bob's Red Mill Natural Foods in 1978 in the old feed mill in Milwaukie, Oregon.",
"An illustration of Moore, who was described as a \"folksy, almost Santa-like figure who often donned a red vest or coat\" by ''The Washington Post'', is found on all of the company's products, alongside the salutation \"To Your Good Health\".In 1988, the mill was torched by an arsonist.",
"The company reopened in 1989, growing to national distribution and, in 2000, international distribution.",
"Bob's Red Mill grew to $100 million in revenue by 2010, with business expanding globally.",
"Moore transitioned the company of then 209 workers to an employee stock ownership plan that year.",
"By April 2020, the company was entirely owned by its more than 700 employees.",
"Moore described his plan for employee ownership and profit-sharing as rooted in his Christian belief that “The Bible says to do unto others as you would have them do unto you.",
"\"Moore retired in 2018, remaining a board member at Bob's Red Mill until his death."
],
[
"Philanthropy",
"In 2011, the Moores donated $5 million to Oregon State University to develop a center to study whole grains called the Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition, and Preventive Health.",
"Their donation also helped establish the Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness at Oregon Health & Science University."
],
[
"Personal life",
"In 1953, Moore married Charlee Lucille Coote, with whom he had three sons: Ken, Bob Jr., and David.",
"She died in October 2018.Bob Moore died at his home in Milwaukie, Oregon on February 10, 2024, five days before his 95th birthday.",
"He had nine grandchildren and six great-grandchildren at the time of his death.Moore was a Christian.",
"He was known for his white beard, red vest, bolo tie, and newsie cap and playing the piano."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship''' was the 130th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.The draws for the group stage pairings took place on 6 February 2024.The championship is scheduled to run from August to October 2024.Na Piarsaigh will be the defending champions."
],
[
"Team changes",
"===To Championship===Promoted from the Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship* Dromin/Athlacca===From Championship===Relegated to the Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship* Garryspillane"
],
[
"Group 1",
"===Group 1 table===TeamMatchesScorePtsPldWDLForAgainstDiffNa Piarsaigh0000000'''0'''Patrickswell0000000'''0'''Doon0000000'''0'''Kilmallock0000000'''0'''Mungret/St Paul's0000000'''0'''Ahane0000000'''0'''"
],
[
"Group 2",
"===Group 2 table===TeamMatchesScorePtsPldWDLForAgainstDiffKildimo-Pallaskenry0000000'''0'''Adare0000000'''0'''Dromin/Athlacca0000000'''0'''South Liberties0000000'''0'''Monaleen0000000'''0'''Ballybrown0000000'''0'''"
],
[
"Knockout stage",
"===Quarter-finals======Semi-finals======Final==="
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 European Wrestling Championships – Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg''' is a competition featured at the 2024 European Wrestling Championships, and will held in ?",
"on February 13 and 14."
],
[
"Medalists",
"'''Gold''''''Silver''' Magomed Murtazaliev '''Bronze''' Abubakar Khaslakhanau"
],
[
"Results",
"; Legend* '''F''' — Won by fall===Final======Top half======Bottom half======Repechage==="
],
[
"Final standing",
"RankAthlete Magomed Murtazaliev Abubakar Khaslakhanau 55789101112131415161718192021222324"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Draw"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Tetralithiomethane"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Tetralithiomethane''', also known as '''tetralithium carbide''', is an organolithium compound with the formula CLi4.It is an extremely pyrophoric red solid and is the lithium analog of methane."
],
[
"Production",
"Its main route of production is by the lithiation of tetrakis(chloromercurio)methane by tert-butyllithium.",
"It can also be produced by the reaction of lithium metal and carbon tetrachloride at 900 °C::8 Li + CCl4 → CLi4 + 4 LiClHowever, this method also produces byproducts, such as lithium carbide."
],
[
"Reactions",
"Tetralithiomethane hydrolyzes vigorously in contact with water producing methane gas and lithium hydroxide::CLi4 + 4 H2O → CH4 + 4 LiOHDeuterated methane can also be produced by reacting heavy water with tetralithiomethane.",
"When tetralithiomethane is heated to 225 °C, it decomposes to lithium carbide and lithium metal.Due to the known affinity of lithium ions for hydrogen molecules and therefore potential applications in hydrogen storage materials, tetralithiomethane has been studied computationally for its aggregation, H2 affinity, and binding to various graphene-type surfaces."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Kingsley Eguakun"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Kingsley Eguakun''' is an American football center for the Florida Gators."
],
[
"Early life and high school",
"Eguakun attended high school at Sandalwood.",
"Coming out of high school, Eguakun was rated as a three-star recruit where he decided to commit to play college football for the Florida Gators."
],
[
"College career",
"In Eguakun's first season in 2019, he would redshirt and only appear in two games.",
"During the 2020 season, Eguakun played in 12 games while making no starts.",
"Eguakun opened the 2021 season as the Gators starting center.",
"Eguakun finished the 2021 season by playing in and starting all 13 games for the Gators.",
"During the 2022 season, Eguakun played in and started all 13 games for Florida.",
"During the 2023 season, Eguakun only played in and started four games as he was limited with an ankle injury most of the season.",
"Eguakun accepted invites to both the 2024 East-West Shrine Bowl and to the 2024 Senior Bowl.",
"After the conclusion of the 2023 season, Eguakun decided to declare for the 2024 NFL Draft."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Florida Gators bio"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Begone Dull Care (play)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Begone Dull Care''''' is an 1808 comedy play by the English writer Frederick Reynolds.",
"It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 9 February 1808.The original Covent Garden cast included Alexander Pope as Sir Arthur St Albyn, Charles Kemble as Algernon St Albyn, William Thomas Lewis as Modern, John Brunton as Danvers, John Fawcett as Lord Blushdale, John Emery as Solace, William Chapman as Trusty, Samuel Simmons as Geoffrey, Sarah Smith as Selina, Mary Ann Davenport as Deborah.",
"The Irish premiere took place at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin on 30 March 1808."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Greene, John C. ''Theatre in Dublin, 1745-1820: A Calendar of Performances, Volume 6''.",
"Lexington Books, 2011.",
"* Nicoll, Allardyce.",
"''A History of English Drama 1660–1900: Volume IV''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2009."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Yalemtsehay Mekonnen"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Yalemtsehay Mekonnen''' (born 30 May 1955) is a Ethiopian physiologist and pharmacologist who specializes in the use and safety of medicinal plants.",
"In 2009, she became the first woman in Ethiopia to become a full professor.",
"She is Professor of Cell & Human Physiology at Addis Ababa University (AAU)."
],
[
"Biography",
"Yalemtsehay Mekonnen was born on 30 May 1955 in Asella, Arsi Province.",
"She was educated at Addis Ababa University, where she got her BSc in Biology in 1977 and her MSc in Zoology in 1980, and at Heidelberg University, where she got her PhD in Human Physiology in 1992.She later returned to Addis Ababa University and eventually become full professor in January 2009, becoming the first woman in Ethiopia to do so.",
"She is Professor of Cell & Human Physiology at Addis Ababa University.Yalemtsehay worked at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (2001–2002) as a Georg Forster Research Fellow.",
"She served as president of the Biological Society of Ethiopia from 2004 until 2006.She also serves as treasurer and a board member at the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences and as president of the Society of Ethiopian Women in Science & Technology Executive Board.",
"In addition to being head of the Biology Department at AAU, she is also head of the Gender Office at the College of Natural Sciences, saying she began doing so because \"as a role model, promoting women is more than close to her heart\".As an academic, Yalemtsehay specializes in the use and safety of medicinal plants.Yalemtsehay was awarded the African Union's Kwame Nkrumah Award for Excellence in Science for Women in 2015.She was elected a TWAS Fellow in 2022.She was elected Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences in 2020.She is a Fellow of the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences.She is married with two children."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Cal Taggart"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Cal Taggart''' (January 6, 1924 – April 21, 2004) was an American politician.",
"He served as a Republican member of the Wyoming Senate."
],
[
"Life and career",
"Taggart was born in Cowley, Wyoming.",
"He attended Cowley High School and Brigham Young University.Taggart served in the Wyoming Senate from 1973 to 1984.Taggart died on April 21, 2004, at the age of 80."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Lucifer Morningstar (Hazbin Hotel)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''King Lucifer Morningstar''' is a fictional character created by Vivienne \"VivziePop\" Medrano who appears in the musical adult animated series ''Hazbin Hotel'', set in the Hellaverse shared fictional universe.",
"The king of Hell and the embodiment of the sin of Pride, he is primarily voiced by Jeremy Jordan.",
"Lucifer appears as the ex-husband of Lilith and the estranged father of Charlie Morningstar, who is attempting to run a hotel, known as the \"Hazbin Hotel,\" to rehabilitate sinners for a chance for them to enter Heaven.The character has received a universally positive critical reception, receiving particular attention as both a sex symbol and for Jordan's singing performances."
],
[
"Development",
"===Origins and concept===Lucifer is based on the biblical character Lucifer, who was cast out from Heaven into Hell as a fallen angel.",
"The Bible states that the Devil uses the name Lucifer and Satan, but in the Hellaverse they are separate entities.",
"Both of the characters embody a sin with Lucifer's being Pride and Satan's being Wrath.",
"Lucifer is also given the surname \"Morningstar\", the Latin translation of \"Lucifer\".",
"This concept of the devil's surname was introduced by Neil Gaiman in 1989.===Design===In November 2022, following the promotional reveal of Lucifer's ''Hazbin Hotel'' design, the depiction went viral as \"the embodiment of a Tumblr sexyman,\" with the character's marketing over the following year in the lead-up to his debut in \"Dad Beat Dad\" subsequently being centered around this concept.===Voice and characterisation===Jeremy Jordan.Lucifer Morningstar is voiced by Jeremy Jordan, with Medrano originally imagining him as having a voice similar to \"Weird Al\" Yankovic.",
"On Lucifer's characterization in ''Hazbin Hotel'', Jordan described it as:\"Lucifer's kind of a mysterious figure at the top.",
"We don't really know much about him except that he doesn't have the best relationship with his daughter Charlie.",
"When we meet him, he's clearly been pent-up and alone for quite some time.",
"What's really cool is because the show has kind of turned everything else on its head, we've definitely turned the character of Lucifer on his head, as well… He's very zany.",
"He's not like the sort of evil overlord that you would imagine him to be.",
"He's still very much all powerful, but what would someone be like if they were just stuck in a place forever and slowly went crazy?",
"Also, his relationship with his daughter is a little bit strained because he just doesn't know how to be a good father.",
"I think he wants to be, and Charlie and this hotel sort of offers him an opportunity to make up for not being there as much in the past.",
"\"Jordan further noted Robin Williams' performance as the Genie in ''Aladdin'' \"constantly going on\" as a major influence on the character, noting that \"Everything Lucifer says is trying to be a joke, trying to be funny.",
"But also, very much insecure.",
"I got to just rattle on a million different lines and line readings, and it was probably very exhausting on the other side of the table, but I was having a great time with it.",
"Then you leave it for two years and they make something really cool out of it,\" describing the concept of the character as \"sort of spun on its heels\" as compared to biblical depictions."
],
[
"Fictional character biography",
"===''Hazbin Hotel''=======\"That's Entertainment\" (2019)====Lucifer makes multiple cameo appearances in the ''Hazbin Hotel'' pilot, \"That's Entertainment.\"",
"The most notable occurs while his daughter is singing about the recent Extermination.",
"He appears in shadow in a room with several overlords of Hell.",
"He also is seen in several portraits that are hung up at the titular hotel.====Season One (2024)====In the first episode of ''Hazbin Hotel'', \"Overture,\" Lucifer makes an appearance while Charlie is explaining his backstory.",
"She explains that Lilith, the first woman, didn't want to be subservient to Adam, the first man, so she left him.",
"During this time, Lucifer descended from Heaven into the Garden of Eden, where the two would meet and fall in love.",
"With both of them dreaming of sharing the power of free will, they offered Adam's second wife, Eve, the Fruit of Knowledge, which introduced evil to Earth.",
"For their sins, Lucifer and Lillith were then cast into Hell.",
"Lilith thrived, but Lucifer suffered and lost the will to dream.",
"Later in the episode, Lucifer calls Charlie to ask her to meet the leader of the Exterminations, who is later revealed to be Adam, in his place.Lucifer's true debut was in the episode \"Dad Beat Dad,\" in which he is established to have been divorced by Lilith sometime after Charlie was born, leading him to sink into a deep depression.",
"Charlie calls him, five months after they last spoke.",
"During the call, Charlie asks for his help to get a meeting with Heaven, prompting him to refuse her request.",
"She then invites him to the hotel, which excites him.",
"On arriving at the hotel, Lucifer is unimpressed, quickly clashing with Charlie's hotelier, Alastor, whom he sees as a rival for Charlie's attention (\"Hell's Greatest Dad\").",
"Charlie and Alastor eventually give Lucifer a tour of the hotel.",
"As Charlie attempts to convince her father of the hotel's merits, he ridicules the concept of redemption.",
"However, when the hotel is attacked, Alastor defends the hotel, which Lucifer dismisses as proof of how sinners are \"terrible.\"",
"However, upon observing how Charlie feels that Alastor stood up for her where he himself had not, he realizes she believes in her dream because she is like him (\"More Than Anything\").",
"After sharing a hug, Lucifer agrees to organize a meeting with Heaven for her before departing and wishing her luck.Lucifer returns in the first season's finale, \"The Show Must Go On,\" saving Charlie from Adam after she engages the angel in combat.",
"Lucifer nearly kills Adam before Charlie stops him.",
"Lucifer then orders Adam's lieutenant, Lute, and the rest of the angels to \"go home,\" before assisting Charlie in rebuilding the hotel, now believing redemption to be possible (\"Finale\")."
],
[
"Reception",
"''Collider'' lauded \"Jeremy Jordan's Lucifer for having stolen every single scene he was in.",
"I did not know what to expect from the King of Hell, but he got the biggest laugh out of me by far and my favorite songs of the season.\"",
"''MXDWN'' lauded the \"emotional scenes\" between Lucifer and Charlie as \"feeling impactful and real within the story,\" while praising the \"incredible chemistry\" between Jordan as Lucifer and Amir Talai as Alastor; ''The Review Geek'' likewise complimenting the \"emotional punch in Jordan's beautiful voice.\"",
"''Comic Book Resources'' noted \"what makes Lucifer interesting as his air of mystery, which later evolves into his complexity as a charismatic guy with a few flaws that make the angelic man a little bit more human in being an insecure man who wants the best for his daughter, but his fears of being bad push him away,\" in particular praising Jordan's performance for how \"that fear of not being good enough shines on through.\"",
"''Screen Rant'' described the character as \"quirky\" and \"bringing depth\" to the story, calling him \"an easy-to-like character\" and praising his design \"with its multiple apples cleverly incorporated into his outfit.\"",
"''Catholic Review'' noted his depiction as \"a mostly sympathetic figure and misunderstood rebel.\"",
"''The Illuminerdi'' lauded Jordan's vocal and acting abilities in his performance of \"Hell's Greatest Dad\" as \"really adding a comedic level we hadn’t seen before while shining a light on the type of fantasy filled dreamer Lucifer can be.\""
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Lesotho at the 2024 Summer Olympics"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Lesotho is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024.It will be the nation's thirteenth appearance at the Olympics since its debut in 1972, except in 1976 in Montreal, where the nation joined the rest of the African nations to boycott."
],
[
"Competitors",
"The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.SportMenWomenTotalTaekwondo 0 1 1Total 0 1 1"
],
[
"Taekwondo",
"For the first time since 2004, Lesotho qualified one athlete to compete at the games.",
"2019 African games silver medalist, Michelle Tau, qualified for Paris 2024 following the triumph of her victory in semifinal round, and successfully obtained one of two availabe spots through 2024 African Qualification Tournament in Dakar, Senegal.AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsRepechageFinal / OppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultRankMichelle TauWomen's −49 kg"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Leslie Trapp"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Leslie Trapp''' is an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995.Trapp was elected in 1992 after incumbent Republican representative Pat Freibert retired.",
"In 1994 he was defeated for reelection by Republican Ernie Fletcher."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Wohl denen, die da wandeln"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Stanzas 1, 4, 14, 16 and 45 of Cornelius Becker's psalm paraphrase'''Wohl denen, die da wandeln''' (Blessed are those who walk) is a hymn with a text by Cornelius Becker, who paraphased Psalm 119 in 1602.The common melody was composed by Heinrich Schütz in 1661.Versions of it are part of modern Protestant and Catholic hymnals in German."
],
[
"History",
"Becker was professor of theology professor at the Leipzig University and pastor at the Lutheran Nikolaikirche in Leipzig.",
"He used a vacation time to write a psalter of metric paraphrases of all psalms, as a Lutheran pendant to the reformed Genevan Psalter.",
"Psalm 119 has 176 verses in Hebrew which he rendered in 88 stanzas of seven lines each.",
"The first line was originally \"Wol denen die da leben Für Gott in Heiligkeit\".Becker had known Lutheran hymn tunes in mind for his psalms, and associated \"Wol denen die da leben\" with \"Hilff Gott das mir gelinge\", a tune that first appeared in a 1545 Leipzig hymnal and that was later sung with the text \"Wenn meine Sünd' mich kränken\", EG 82 in the Protestant hymnal ''Evangelisches Gesangbuch''.",
"Both songs are Passion songs, in a modale key with minor charakter.Heinrich Schütz published a choral collection with new melodies and four-part settings of Becker's texts, which became known as the ''Becker Psalter''.",
"In the revised edition of 1661 Schütz divided the 88 stanzas of the song in eight sections with different melodies.",
"The melody that he created for stanzas 21 to 32 is the one used in modern hymnals.",
"It is marked by simplicity and even rhythm in a mood of cheerful trust, which matches the text.At the beginning of the 20th century, Theodor Goldschmid, a pastor in Zürich, chose four stanzas (1, 4, 16 und 45) for Otto Riethmüller's song books, which were widely distributed between the world wars.",
"The Protestant hymnal in German ''Evangelisches Kirchengesangbuch'' of 1950 contains these four stanzas, retained in the ''Evangelisches Gesangbuch'' of 1993 as EG 295, including the four-part setting by Schütz.",
"The Catholic ''Gotteslob'' of 1975 had a version in three stanzas as GL 614, with stanzas 1 and 45 and in-between a combination from stanzas 14 and 19.The second edition of 2013 has as GL 543 five stanzas, the combination stanza and the four stanzas from the EG.<!-- (wie bereits das KG und das RG von 1998) diese sowie alle vier Strophen des EG (Nr.",
"543; ö-Fassung)."
],
[
"Inhalt",
"Wie der biblische Psalm 119 ist Beckers Liedfassung eine Seligpreisung: „Wohl denen“, das heißt: auf dem Weg zur Fülle des Lebens sind die, die sich an Gottes Wort ausrichten und damit Gott selbst in ihrem Dasein gegenwärtig sein lassen.",
"Das „Wort“ ist hier die Tora, nicht als einengendes Gesetz verstanden, sondern als raumschaffende Weisung weit über fixierte Buchstaben hinaus.",
"Und wie im Psalm wird im Lied aus dem Heilsruf über alle Hörer ein Gebet des Einzelnen, der seinen vertrauenden Gehorsam bekennt und zugleich darum bittet."
],
[
"Heute gebräuchlicher Text",
"1.Wohl denen, die da wandelnvor Gott in Heiligkeit,nach seinem Worte handelnund leben allezeit.Die recht von Herzen suchen Gottund seiner Weisung folgen,sind stets bei ihm in Gnad.2.Von Herzensgrund ich spreche:Dir sei Dank allezeit,weil du mich lehrst die Rechtedeiner Gerechtigkeit.Die Gnad auch ferner mir gewähr,zu halten dein Gebote;verlass mich nimmermehr.3.Mein Herz hängt treu und festean dem, was dein Wort lehrt.Herr, tu bei mir das Beste,sonst ich zuschanden werd.Wenn du mich leitest, treuer Gott,so kann ich richtig gehenden Weg deiner Gebot.4.Lehr mich den Weg zum Leben,führ mich nach deinem Wort,so will ich Zeugnis gebenvon dir, mein Heil und Hort.Durch deinen Geist, Herr, stärke mich,dass ich dein Wort festhalte,von Herzen fürchte dich.4./5.Dein Wort, Herr, nicht vergehet,es bleibet ewiglich,so weit der Himmel gehet,der stets beweget sich.Dein Wahrheit bleibt zu aller Zeitgleichwie der Grund der Erdedurch deine Hand bereit′."
],
[
"Further reading",
"* -->"
],
[
"External links",
"* Text of Becker-Psalter im Choral Public Domain Library"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Never Make Me Cry"
],
[
"Introduction",
"\"'''Never Make Me Cry'''\" is a song by Fleetwood Mac from the 1979 double LP ''Tusk''.",
"It was one of six songs from the album composed and sung by Christine McVie.",
"The song was released a B-side to the album's title track in September 1979."
],
[
"Background",
"Work on \"Never Make Me Cry\" began in February 1979, although McVie wrote the song several months earlier on Dennis Wilson's boat.",
"Producers Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut positioned a Yamaha grand piano in the middle of the recording space and miked the room before McVie's arrival.",
"Engineer Hernan Rojas remembered that it was difficult to settle on a proper tempo, but ultimately settled on 77 BPM.McVie played through the song several times on a grand piano and in the process worked out an introduction and ascending melodic pattern that leads into the third verse.",
"After working through the song several times with Buckingham strumming an acoustic guitar.",
"Only three takes were required to achieve satisfactory piano and guitar tracks.",
"McVie recorded a scratch vocal separately from the piano so that she could primarily focus on her singing.",
"After this, Buckingham doubled his guitar strums and John McVie added some bass guitar.",
"Originally, the song featured parts on a Hammond organ and a Chamberlin during the bridge, although these instruments were removed in favor of a nylon string guitar and some cymbals, the latter of which was played by Mick Fleetwood, which replaced the claves and timpani that he previously recorded.Although originally conceived as a piano ballad akin to \"Songbird\", Buckingham conducted a significant overhaul on the song several months later, scrapping all of the keyboards in favor of nine electric guitar tracks primarily played on his Fender Stratocaster.",
"The guitars were sent through Caillat's Fat Box to boost the output of the instrument and sent into the console, and another line was sent through a Fender Twin amplifier in an isolation room.",
"To provide additional character to the guitar strums, arpeggios, and volume swells, Caillat, Dashut, and Rojas applied reverb amongst other effects to the guitars, which according to Rojas, created the impression of a \"sun-shimmering seabed.\"",
"Buckingham thought that the song could have worked well with a beat, but held off on this idea out of deference to McVie.The final lead vocal take was not recorded until July to avoid some of the consequences associated with colder weather, namely nasal congestion.",
"During this recording session, Rojas said that McVie was in good spirits because Dennis Wilson had created a rose shaped garden for her birthday.",
"McVie later said of the incident that \"he had all these people holding a candle around the edge of it, slowly sinking into the mud.",
"Then he got up on the balcony and proposed to me.",
"Then he sent me the bill for the work.",
"I suppose his heart was in the right place.\"",
"The producers wanted McVie to deliver the song with maximum emotion, so she recorded her lead vocal five times from start to finish without any cuts or punch-ins."
],
[
"Critical reception",
"Contemporary music critics only briefly mentioned the song in reviews for ''Tusk''.",
"Ed Harrison of ''Billboard'' thought that the song's \"minimal orchestration shows off McVie's vocal range.\"",
"Robert Hilburn of ''Los Angeles Times'' thought that several of McVie's compositions, including \"Never Make Me Cry\", benefited from \"ore tailored arrangements.\"",
"Retrospective reviews have remained mostly positive, with PopMatters identifying the song as one of the album's \"emotional centerpieces\", although they were critical of the \"unpleasant\" echo on McVie's voice.",
"''Far Out'' characterized the song's instrumentation as \"almost ambient, leaving McVie in complete control of the song from start to finish.",
"\"Following McVie's death in 2022, several publications have listed \"Never Make Cry\" as one of McVie's best songs.",
"Lindsay Zoladz of ''The New York Times'' labeled the song as an \"underappreciated gem buried on the C side of ''Tusk'' that \"places McVie's angelic voice front and center.\"",
"Gwen Ihnat of ''Entertainment Weekly'' called the song a \"beautiful, near-a cappella McVie showcase that underlines her eternal, emotional strength.\"",
"Rob Sheffield of ''Rolling Stone'' called the piano demo of \"Never Make Me Cry\" \"one of her mightiest heartbreakers.\"",
"He further noted the contrast between the delivery of the \"defiant and victorious\" first chorus and the end of the song, where her \"refusal to cry\" is the \"saddest part\" of the song."
],
[
"Personnel",
"*Christine McVie – vocals*Mick Fleetwood – cymbals*John McVie – bass guitar*Lindsey Buckingham – guitars"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"High Stakes 2021"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''High Stakes 2021''' was a professional wrestling event produced by Revolution Pro Wrestling that took place on September 19, 2021, in Bethnal Green, London, England."
],
[
"Storylines",
"The event featured eleven professional wrestling matches that involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines.",
"Wrestlers portray heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.",
"Storylines are produced on RevPro's weekly tour-based shows."
],
[
"Results"
],
[
"See also",
"* 2021 in professional wrestling"
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"* Revolution Pro Wrestling official website"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Gabon at the 2024 Summer Olympics"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Gabon is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024.It will be the nations twelfth appearance since its debut in 1972."
],
[
"Competitors",
"The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.SportMenWomenTotalTaekwondo 0 1 1 Total 0 1 1"
],
[
"Taekwondo",
"Gabon qualified one athlete to compete at the games.",
"Emmanuella Atora qualified for Paris 2024, following the triumph of her unexpected winning, in the semifinal rounds of women's below 57 kg class at the 2024 African Qualification Tournament in Dakar, Senegal.AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsRepechageFinal / OppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultRankEmmanuella AtoraWomen's −57 kg"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2003–04 Irish First Division"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2003–04 Irish First Division''' was the ninth season of second-tier football in Northern Ireland under the league system at the time.",
"The division consisted of 12 clubs.Loughgall were the champions and were promoted to the 2004–05 Irish Premier League.",
"Armagh City finished second and entered the promotion play-off, losing to Cliftonville 4–1 on aggregate.",
"Lurgan Celtic and Brantwood were relegated to the Irish Second Division."
],
[
"League table"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Baiyu Zhang"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Baiyu''' ('''Helen''') '''Zhang''' () is a Chinese-Canadian civil engineer who studies pollution in coastal marine areas, including wastewater, oil spills, and microplastics, the effects of pollution on the environment, and pollution mitigation measures including the use of biosurfactants.",
"She is a professor and Canada Research Chair in Coastal Environmental Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Memorial University of Newfoundland, and the founder of the university's Coastal Environmental Research Laboratory."
],
[
"Education and career",
"Zhang studied environmental science and engineering at Jilin University in China, earning a bachelor's degree in 1997 and a master's degree in 2000.Originally planning to work as an environmental engineer, she was invited to move to the University of Regina in Canada for doctoral research after a recommendation by a Chinese colleague.",
"She completed her Ph.D. in environmental systems engineering there in 2006.After postdoctoral research at Dalhousie University, supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council post-doctoral fellowship, she joined the Memorial University of Newfoundland as an assistant professor in 2010.She was promoted to associate professor in 2015, given a tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Coastal Environmental Engineering in 2015, and promoted to full professor in 2020."
],
[
"Recognition",
"Zhang was named as a Fellow of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering in 2021, and as a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada in 2023.She was named to the Royal Society of Canada's College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists in 2022."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"External links",
"*"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Niger at the 2024 Summer Olympics"
],
[
"Introduction",
"Niger is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024.It will the nation's fourteenth appearance at the Summer Olympics.",
"Since the nation made its debut in 1964, Nigerien athletes have participated in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two occasions, the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the African and the US-led boycotts, respectively."
],
[
"Competitors",
"The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.SportMenWomenTotalTaekwondo 2 0 2 Total 2 0 2"
],
[
"Taekwondo",
"Niger qualified two athletes to compete at the games.",
"Rio 2016 silver and Tokyo 2020 Olympian Abdoul Razak Issoufou; and his compatriot Nouridine Issaka, qualified for their games by, by virtue of their victory in the semifinal results, in their own division, at the 2024 African Qualification Tournament in Dakar, Senegal.AthleteEventQualificationRound of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsRepechageFinal / OppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultOppositionResultRankNouridine IssakaMen's −58 kgAbdoul Razak IssoufouMen's 80+ kg"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Transnational repression by China"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Transnational repression by China''' refers to efforts by the Chinese government to exert control and silence dissent beyond its national borders.",
"This phenomenon targets groups and individuals perceived as threats or critics of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).",
"The methods include digital surveillance, physical intimidation, coercion, and misuse of international legal systems."
],
[
"Background",
"From 2014 to 2021, Freedom House documented at least 735 direct, physical incidents of transnational repression globally, including assassinations, assault, abductions, detentions, and unlawful deportation.",
"The People's Republic of China (PRC) was responsible for 229 of these incidents, making it the most extensive practitioner of transnational repression.",
"The estimate was conservative, as non-physical incidents, such as threatening messages and phone calls, were common.",
"Transnational repression conducted by China also escalated since 2014 under Xi Jinping."
],
[
"Target groups",
"=== Uyghurs ===The Chinese government's transnational repression of Uyghurs includes detentions and forced deportations from countries like Thailand, Turkey, and Egypt, often without due process.",
"Domestically, Uyghurs face passport confiscations in Xinjiang, limiting their travel.",
"Abroad, they encounter digital surveillance and intimidation, where their families in China are sometimes being used as leverages.",
"These actions are part of China's larger strategy in dealing with the Uyghur community under the banner \"terrorism, infiltration, and separatism.",
"\"=== Tibetans ===Tibetan communities in countries like the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands report surveillance and intimidation from the Chinese government.",
"Chinese agents are involved in monitoring and threatening Tibetans, affecting their ability to criticize China's policies towards Tibet.",
"Family members in China are sometimes used as leverage.",
"The Chinese government also disrupts traditional Tibetan refugee routes in Nepal to India, increasing the risk of repatriation.=== Falun Gong practitioners ===Practitioners of Falun Gong globally face intense scrutiny under China's expansive transnational repression efforts.",
"Chinese operatives, bolstered by foreign pro-Beijing proxies, work to suppress the practitioners' efforts to highlight the ongoing persecution.",
"These individuals have been subjected to a range of coercive tactics including cyberattacks, surveillance, harassment, defamation via misinformation campaigns, and physical violence.",
"Notably, instances of detention involving Falun Gong adherents have been reported in several countries, including Thailand, Indonesia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc.",
"A 2021 study by the Institute for Strategic Research (IRSEM) documented 79 separate instances of transnational repression targeting Falun Gong practitioners.=== Hongkongers ===Hongkongers are relatively new targets of transnational repression.",
"Small scale repression has been found since 2016 and expanded significantly following Hong Kong's National Security Law in 2019.The erosion of democracy triggered a massive exodus.",
"Until early 2022, over 100,000 Hongkongers went on exile with more expected to leave.",
"Advocates that participated in the protests are especially targeted.",
"They are being followed, harassed, and issued bounty.=== Former Chinese government officials ===Operation Fox Hunt and Operation Sky Net are part of Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign after he came into power in 2014.Their goal is to repatriate Chinese \"economic criminals that fled abroad.",
"The operation spans across 56 countries, including countries where China does not have extradition treaties, such as the United States and Canada.=== Pro-democracy groups/Chinese critics ===China targets the broad group of people with harassments, coercion, disinformation, and threats of violence and death.",
"According to a CNN report on a Chinese online operation, \"Victims face a barrage of tens of thousands of social media posts that call them traitors, dogs, and racist and homophobic slurs.",
"They say it’s all part of an effort to drive them into a state of constant fear and paranoia.\""
],
[
"Methods of repression",
"* '''Surveillance''': Monitoring activities of diaspora communities, employing spyware, stalking, and hacking telecommunications networks.",
"* '''Intimidation and threats''': Using family members in China to coerce individuals abroad, physical intimidation, death threats, and phone calls.",
"* '''Legal and diplomatic pressure''': Misusing Interpol Red Notices and leveraging diplomatic ties to influence foreign governments.",
"* '''Digital harassment''': Deploying cyber tactics to track and intimidate individuals.",
"* '''Control of mobility''': Confiscating passports and controlling visa access to limit movement of target groups."
],
[
"Notable cases",
"* '''January 2024''': A British pianist YouTuber Brendan Kavanagh was confronted by a group of Chinese nationals in London's St. Pancras railway station.",
"They asked him to stop his livestream and delete the video as they do not want to show their faces.",
"Days after the incident, the piano, donated by Elton John, was sealed off and guarded, allegedly for maintenance.",
"In protest, the pianist returned after the seal was removed with Winnie the Pooh plushie and references to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, both banned by China.",
"He received various threats from CCP supporters online, including death threats.",
"* '''December 2023''': Hong Kong Police issued a 1 million Hong Kong dollar ($128,000) reward for information on five individuals involved in the 2019 Hong Kong protests against China's National Security Law, including a U.S. citizen.",
"U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken criticized this initiative, referring to it as a \"bounty list,\" and expressed the United States' rejection of such attempts to intimidate and target those who advocate for freedom and democracy.",
"* '''May 2023''': the U.S. Department of Justice charged Los Angeles residents John Chen and Lin Feng with \"acting and conspiring to act in the United States as unregistered agents of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), conspiring to bribe and bribing a public official, and conspiracy to commit money laundering.\"",
"The two were allegedly part of a PRC government-directed scheme that attempted to manipulate the Internal Revenue Service's Whistleblower Program in order to strip the tax-exempt status of a U.S. entity run by Falun Gong practitioners.",
"Chen first filed a defective whistleblower complaint with the IRS.",
"The two then paid $5,000 in cash bribes to a purported IRS official who was an undercover agent, and promised to pay substantially more for the official's assistance in advancing the complaint.",
"* '''April 2023''': In a press release, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it had charged 40 officers from China's national police in cases involving transnational repression schemes targeting individuals in the United States.",
"These officers face charges related to illegal surveillance, harassment, and conspiring to coerce U.S. residents into returning to China.",
"Assistant Attorney General Matthew G. Olsen of the Department of Justice National Security Division commented that “these cases demonstrate the lengths the PRC government will go to silence and harass U.S. persons who exercise their fundamental rights to speak out against PRC oppression, including by unlawfully exploiting a U.S.-based technology company.”* '''April 2023''': Lu Jianwang and Chen Jinping were arrested in New York City for operating an illegal police station on behalf of China's Ministry of Public Security.",
"They were charged with “conspiring to act as agents of the PRC government as well as obstructing justice by destroying evidence of their communications with an MPS official.” The station, located in Manhattan's Chinatown, was shut down in 2022 when Lu and Chen became aware of the FBI investigation.",
"The defendants were accused of various activities, including locating dissidents and a pro-democracy activist, under the direction of Chinese officials.",
"* '''April 2023''': In a report published by the University of Sheffield, the authors noted several case studies of Chinese transnational repression of Uyghurs:# Najmudin Ablet traveled to Turkey from Xinjiang in 2016.His family members were later detained and sentenced by Chinese authorities.",
"He was contacted by the Chinese police in 2019 offering him a glimpse of his family and proposing cooperation in exchange for their release, involving spying on Uyghurs in Turkey.",
"Skeptical of their credibility, Ablet refused the proposal.# Erbaqyt Otarbay, an ethnic Kazakh from Xinjiang, endured conditions akin to those faced by Uyghurs during his internment from July 27, 2017, to May 23, 2019.Upon release, he was coerced into signing a nondisclosure agreement about the camp's operations.",
"Despite this, Otarbay shared his ordeal upon his return to Kazakhstan, where he faced harassment from both Xinjiang and Kazakhstan authorities through calls and visits.",
"Seeking refuge from this intimidation, he ultimately escaped to the UK, where he testified about his experiences at the Uyghur Tribunal on September 12, 2021.",
"* '''May 2016''': A last-minute court ruling in Seoul canceled a series of music and dance performances by Shen Yun scheduled for the KBS hall.",
"Shen Yun presents traditional Chinese culture, such as stories from classics and scenes from imperial dynasties, alongside portrayals of religious persecution of Falun Gong in today's world.",
"The court's ruling explicitly cited “threats by the Chinese embassy aimed at the theater owner, including implicit references to financial reprisals if the shows go on as planned.”* '''2014''': Operation Fox Hunt started under Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign.",
"Chinese operators in the US had stalked, threatened U.S. residents and their relatives, including pressuring immigrants to become spies.",
"The U.S. has been bringing cases against some Chinese operators with federal crimes.",
"* '''May 2005''': Chen Yonglin, “a former PRC first secretary and consul in Sydney, Australia” defected to Australia.",
"He spelled out the Chinese tactics to “monitor, harass, and disrupt the activities of ‘hostile elements,' \" applicable to both Australia and the United States.",
"Hostile elements referred to “Falun Gong members, Tibetan separatists, Uighur separatists, Taiwan pro-independence activists, and pro-democracy activists.” He described a specific case where China levied “quid pro quo economic pressure on Australian officials and lobbying pressure placed on Sydney-area education officials to deny public funding to a school whose principal was a Falun Gong member.”* '''June 1990''': Lin Xu, a former PRC consular official, testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee that Chinese Ministry of State Security officials visited the US following the Tiananmen Square massacre.",
"They were assigned to “monitor and harass Chinese students within the United States who were perceived to have reformist or pro-democracy sympathies.”"
],
[
"Responses",
"Due to China's actions being perceived as intrusive to national sovereignty, they have prompted international backlashes with legal actions and calls for hardline measures and strict legal frameworks.",
"* U.S. lawmakers called for sanctions after Hong Kong bounties.",
"* In 2023, the Justice Department charged 40 Chinese national police officers on accounts of transnational repression.",
"* The FBI's “The China Threat” page lists transnational repression as a major infringement of fundamental human rights.",
"It provides a pathway to report such actions to the FBI.",
"* The U.S. has drafted reports and held hearings on China's transnational repression by the United States–China Economic and Security Review Commission, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party, etc.",
"* The Transnational Repression Policy Act was introduced by a group of bipartisan Senators on March 16, 2023.",
"* The U.S. government under the Obama Administration warned and negotiated with China about their Fox Hunt operations on US soil."
],
[
"See also",
"* Transnational repression* Extraterritorial operation* Cyberwarfare by China* China threat theory"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Stonehenge of the Netherlands"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The ''''Stonehenge of the Netherlands'''' is an ancient site that is over 4000 years old.",
"It was used as a burial mound and for religious practices.",
"It is located at Tiel, Gelderland, Netherlands, and its excavation started in 2017.According to the town's website, this was the first such discovery in the Netherlands."
],
[
"Discoveries",
"The mound contained remains of around 60 individuals.",
"Three mounds were discovered; the main one is about 20 metres (65 ft) in diameter.",
"Its passages align with the sun at equinoxes and solstices, and according to the archeologists it served as a solar calendar.Around one million objects, dating from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman Empire and throughout the Middle Ages, have been found.",
"The oldest artifacts can be traced back to 2500 BCE.One of the most interesting finds was a glass bead which is the oldest ever discovered in the Netherlands.",
"The archeologists think it originated in Mesopotamia, modern day Iraq.",
"The group assumes that the Bronze Age inhabitants of this area had contact with groups more than 3,000 miles away.The archaeologists also discovered offerings like animal skeletons, human skulls and bronze spearheads."
],
[
"Name",
"The structure shows a similarity to Stonehenge in southern England; so it was dubbed '''\"Stonehenge of the Netherlands\"''' by the local media."
],
[
"See also",
"* Prehistory of the Netherlands* Bell Beaker culture"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''''Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph''''' is a 1761 novel by the Irish writer Frances Sheridan, published in three volumes.. A sentimental novel, it was strongly influenced by Samuel Richardson's 1748 novel ''Clarissa''.",
"Sheridan became acquainted with Richardson through her husband Thomas Sheridan's acting, and handed him the manuscript.",
"Richardson was impressed and arranged for the book's publication.",
"Like ''Clarissa'' it takes the form of an epistolary novel, in these case featuring its heroine's supposed memoirs.",
"Sheridan was working on the a sequel to the story at her death in 1766, and a fourth volume known as the '''''Conclusion of the Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph''''' was published posthumously in 1767.It inspired the 1772 play ''Die Entführung oder die zärtliche Mutter'' by German actress and playwright Friederike Sophie Seyler."
],
[
"References"
],
[
"Bibliography",
"* Kelly, Linda.",
"''Richard Brinsley Sheridan''.",
"Faber and Faber, 2012.",
"* Rivero, Albert J (ed.)",
"''The Sentimental Novel in the Eighteenth Century''.",
"Cambridge University Press, 2019.",
"* Turner, Chery.",
"''Living by the Pen: Women Writers in the Eighteenth Century''.",
"Psychology Press, 1992."
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"2024 League of Ireland First Division"
],
[
"Introduction",
"The '''2024 League of Ireland First Division''', known as the '''SSE Airtricity Men's First Division''' for sponsorship reasons, is the 40th season of the League of Ireland First Division.",
"The competition began on 16 February 2024, and will conclude in October 2024."
],
[
"Teams",
"The league consisted of ten teams; eight teams remaining from the previous season, and two teams relegated from the League of Ireland Premier Division.",
"The two relegated teams were Cork City (losers of the 2023 League of Ireland Premier Division play-off) and UCD (the bottom-placed team of the 2023 League of Ireland Premier Division).",
"They replaced the two teams promoted from the 2023 League of Ireland First Division (champions Galway United and Premier Division play-off winners Waterford)."
],
[
"League table"
],
[
"Results",
"Teams play each other four times (twice at home and twice away)."
],
[
"See also",
"* 2024 League of Ireland Premier Division"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Marie-Soleil Frère"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Marie-Soleil Frère''' (1969–2021) was a Belgian journalism and media researcher.",
"An expert on the media in Francophone Africa, she was remembered in one obituary as a \"gifted academic giant\"."
],
[
"Life",
"Frère was born in Canada.",
"She gained her degree from the Université libre de Bruxelles and became maître-assistant at the University of Ouagadougou.At the time of her death Frère was Senior Research Associate at the National Fund for Scientific Research in Belgium and Professor at the Université libre de Brussels.She died on 18 March 2021."
],
[
"Books",
"* ''The Media and Conflicts in Central Africa''.",
"2007.",
"* ''Elections and the Media in Post-conflict Africa: Votes and Voices for Peace''.",
"2011.",
"* ''Politics and Journalism in Francophone Africa: Systems, Practices and Identities''.",
"2022."
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
[
[
"Justin Hill (basketball)"
],
[
"Introduction",
"'''Justin Alexander Hill''' (born October 19, 2001) is an American college basketball player for the Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).",
"Hill spent his first two seasons at Longwood."
],
[
"Early life and high school",
"Hill was born on October 19, 2001.He was raised in Houston, Texas and attended Travis High School in the city of Pecan Grove, Texas inside the Greater Houston metropolitan area, where he played basketball.As a senior, Hill averaged 24.0 points, 7.0 rebounds, and 4.0 assists, helping Travis achieve a 31–7 record and win two playoff games before the remainder of the season was canceled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.",
"Hill was named the most valuable player in his Texas 6A district and named to the Texas 6A All-State team as a result of his production.",
"Additionally, Hill was a finalist for the Greater Houston Area Player of the Year award.",
"In total, Hill was named an all-district player three of his four years in high school."
],
[
"College career",
"===Longwood=======2020–21 season====Hill first committed to Longwood to play basketball.",
"In his collegiate debut, Hill scored 11 points with 2 rebounds and 4 assists in a loss against Wake Forest.",
"Hill recorded his first 20-point game with 20 points on January 20 in a win against High Point.",
"On February 25, Hill scored a season-high 25 points in a win against Gardner-Webb.",
"Hill finished the season averaging 11.0 points, 4.2 rebounds, and 3.1 assists, with the average for both points and assists being the second-highest for a freshman in Longwood history.",
"Additionally, Hill was named Big South Freshman of the Week three times and was named to the Big South All-Freshman Team.====2021–22 season====Hill was named a starter before the beginning of the season for Longwood.",
"On January 29, Hill set a season and career-high in points with 29 in a win against Winthrop.",
"On February 17, Hill recorded his first double-double, scoring 18 points along with 10 rebounds in a win against High Point.",
"By the end of the season, Hill averaged 14.2 points, 4.8 rebounds, and 4.1 assists, helping Longwood win the Big South Tournament and make their first-ever NCAA Tournament appearance.",
"Hill was also named first-team All-Big South and a finalist for the Lou Henson Award.===Georgia=======2022–23 season====Following two years at Longwood, Hill opted to transfer to Georgia and play basketball there.",
"In his debut game for Georgia, Hill scored 8 points with 4 rebounds and 3 assists in a win against Western Carolina.",
"On February 4, Hill scored a season-high 20 points in a loss against Texas A&M.",
"In his first year at Georgia, Hill averaged 8.6 points, 2.7 rebounds, and 2.9 assists.====2023–24 season====As a part of the ACC–SEC Challenge, Hill scored 13 points and hit a game-winning shot with less than a second remaining to win against Florida State.",
"Hill scored season-high points in both games against Arkansas, with 19 on January 10 in a win, and 18 on February 10 in a loss."
],
[
"Personal life",
"Hill is the son of Keith and Donna Hill.",
"Keith played college basketball for Michigan State and New Mexico State while Donna played for Virginia and was the 1988 ACC Player of the Year there."
],
[
"Career statistics",
"===College=== 2020–21 Longwood 27 10 26.7 '''.430''' .329 .725 4.2 3.1 .9 .0 11.0 2021–22 Longwood 31 '''30''' '''30.9''' .419 '''.343''' '''.797''' '''4.8''' '''4.1''' '''1.5''' '''.1''' '''14.2''' 2022–23 Georgia '''32''' 10 22.2 .380 .297 .793 2.7 2.9 .7 '''.1''' 8.6 2023–24 Georgia 24 2 24.3 .366 .310 .631 1.9 3.7 .6 .0 9.0 Career 114 52 26.1 .404 .322 .749 3.4 3.4 .1 .9 10.8"
],
[
"References"
]
]
| wikipedia |
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