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[
"Al Sadd SC"
] | easy | Masoud Shojaei played for which team from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Masoud_Shojaei#P54#6 | Masoud Shojaei Masoud Soleimani Shojaei ( ; born 9 June 1984 ) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays for Tractor . Mainly an attacking midfielder , he can also play as a winger or forward . After playing in his country for two clubs and with Al-Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates , he went on to spend several seasons in Spain with Osasuna , appearing in 112 official matches . An Iranian international since 2004 , Shojaei represented his country in three World Cups and four Asian Cups . Club career . Early years . Shojaei was born in Shiraz , and lived most of his life in Abadan and Tehran . He started his career with Sanat Naft F.C . before moving to Saipa F.C . of Karaj in the Iran Pro League ; having signed at the age of 19 , he went on to play three seasons with the latter . After the 2006 World Cup , Shojaei moved to the United Arab Emirates and signed for Al Sharjah SC . He scored his first goal for the club in the League on 3 October , against Emirates Club . Osasuna . On 23 June 2008 , after previous attempts from VfL Wolfsburg in Germany and Italys S.S.C . Napoli , Shojaei signed with Spanish side CA Osasuna for three years , teaming up with compatriot Javad Nekounam . The deal included a €6 million buyout clause for the first 18 months of his contract , being reduced to €3.5 million for the remainder of his stay . Shojaei made his La Liga debut on 31 August 2008 , playing 32 minutes in a 1–1 home draw against Villarreal CF . During his first two seasons he appeared almost always as a substitute , as the Navarrese managed to maintain its division status ; the player remained a regular even after the coaching change at the club , as José Ángel Ziganda was replaced by José Antonio Camacho . Shojaei – who was addressed by his first name during his spell in Spain – appeared regularly again for Osasuna in the 2010–11 campaign , but also spent one month at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup with his national team . In late May he renewed his contract with the club for another two seasons , also having the option of an annual renewal of his link . Shojaei spent the entire 2011–12 on the sidelines , due to injury . On 25 February 2013 , in only his fourth appearance since returning , he scored a stunning goal to help Osasuna win it 2–0 at Levante UD . Despite a solid start to his spell , Shojaei was eventually released in June 2013 . Shortly after , he was linked with a move to fellow league club Real Valladolid , but nothing came of it . Las Palmas . On 3 September 2013 , Shojaei moved clubs but stayed in Spain , joining Segunda División side UD Las Palmas on a one-year contract . He found the net in his debut , in a 3–1 away victory over CE Sabadell FC for the second round of the Copa del Rey . Shojaei scored twice and provided an assist in the first half of the league fixture against the same opponent on 15 March 2014 , in an eventual 5–0 home win . Qatar . After the 2014 World Cup , Shojaei turned down an offer from Real Zaragoza and moved to Al-Shahania Sports Club in the Qatar Stars League alongside compatriot Mehrdad Pooladi . On 14 December 2014 , he scored a hat-trick in a 3–1 away win against eventual runners-up Al Sadd SC ; one year later , after suffering relegation , he joined fellow league club Al-Gharafa Sports Club for $1 million . Greece . On 22 July 2016 , Shojaei joined Super League Greece side Panionios F.C . on a one-year contract . He enjoyed a successful first season , and subsequently extended his contract until June 2018 ; on 25 December 2017 , however , he severed his link by mutual consent and agreed to a six-month deal at fellow league team AEK Athens F.C . three days later , announcing on his Instagram he would be wearing number 24 in tribute of Hadi Norouzi who died in 2015 . He made his debut on 6 January , replacing Anastasios Bakasetas in the second half of the match against Panetolikos F.C . and later providing the assist for Hélder Lopes goal , in a 4–1 away win . He started his first match three days later against the same opponent , making another assist in a 1–0 victory for the Greek Football Cups round of 16 and being named as the most valuable player of the match for his performance . On 1 March 2018 , Shojaei put the visitors ahead in their domestic cup semi-final fixture away to Athlitiki Enosi Larissa FC , in an eventual 1–2 loss which marked his first goal for the club and the first loss in 26 matches for Manolo Jiménezs team . On 27 June , after he contributed to the clubs first national championship conquest in 24 years , his contract was terminated . Tractor . On 2 August 2018 , Shojaei joined Tractor S.C . on a three-year contract . 8 days later , he made his debut in a 3–0 defeat against Esteghlal F.C . in which he was chosen as the sides first captain . On 19 April 2019 , he was assaulted by a supporter of his own team who invaded the pitch after a 1–0 home defeat of Paykan FC . Midway through the 2019–20 campaign , Shojaei was offered the interim position after Mustafa Denizlis departure . He declined , instead being named assistant to Ahad Sheykhlari while also being involved in the taking of decisions in training . International career . Whilst at Saipa , Shojaei earned a place in Iranian national under-23 team , catching the eye of full side coach Branko Ivanković . He was first called up to play for the latter in November 2004 , for a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Laos – it was the only cap he would win until the training camp prior to the finals in Germany , held in Switzerland ; he was included in the final squad but only appeared once in the tournament , replacing injured Mohammad Nosrati in the early minutes of the 1–1 draw against Angola . Shojaei began appearing more regularly in the 2010 World Cup qualification stages , scoring in a 1–1 draw against South Korea in the final game . However , Team Melli did not qualify for the tournament in South Africa . Iran did manage to reach the 2014 World Cup , with Shojaei as a regular starter in the qualifiers . On 1 June 2014 , Shojaei was included in Carlos Queirozs list for the World Cup . He appeared as a substitute in the teams opening draw with Nigeria , and was selected in the starting line-up for the following group matches against Argentina and Bosnia-Herzegovina . On 30 December 2014 , Shojaei was called into Irans 2015 AFC Asian Cup squad . He scored the nations second goal in its opening 2–0 defeat of Bahrain , in Melbourne . Shojaei captained the squad in 2018 World Cup qualification home matches against China and Uzbekistan . On 10 August 2017 , Mohammad Reza Davarzani , Irans deputy sports minister , said on Iranian state television both Shojaei and teammate Ehsan Hajsafi would never be invited to the national team again for playing with their club Panionios against Israels Maccabi Tel Aviv FC ; however , the Iranian Football Federation later stated it would review the case and reach a decision after speaking with both , with Hajsafi eventually returning to the side in November and Shojaei stating that they were pressured by their club to play . On 18 March 2018 , Shojaei was called up for friendlies against Tunisia and Algeria , being criticised after his return against the former by an Iranian member of parliament who called for his life ban . He was eventually selected for the finals in Russia as team captain , becoming the first Iranian player to travel to three World Cups . He made his debut in the tournament on 15 June in a 1–0 group stage win against Morocco , but sat on the bench for the next two games in an eventual group stage elimination . In December 2018 , Shojaei was selected for Irans 23-man squad for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup . He became the only Iranian to participate in seven international tournaments . Activism . Shojaei expressed support for the Iranian Green Movement on 17 June 2009 , when he wore a green bracelet against South Korea in a World Cup 2010 qualifier along with five other players . During the match , he also wore a green undershirt previewing a possible goal celebration . Shojaei discussed corruption in Iranian football in an interview with Radio Farda , and also spoke out against child sexual abuses in December 2016 . He was subsequently summoned to the Ethics Committee of the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran . A vocal advocate of lifting stadium ban for women in Iran , Shojaei openly expressed his regret that his mother , sister and wife were unable to see him play . He reportedly called for repealing the ban , when he met with president Hassan Rouhani in July 2017 . Personal life . Shojaeis sister , Maryam , was also an activist campaigning for womens rights in Iran . Career statistics . International . - 1.Including six matches with Irans B team at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games that were not officially recognized by FIFA . Honours . Club . AEK Athens - Super League Greece : 2017–18 Tractor - Iranian Hazfi Cup : 2019–20 International . Iran - Islamic Solidarity Games : Bronze medal 2005 External links . - TeamMelli official profile |
[
"Muhammad bin Saud"
] | easy | Who was the president of Emirate of Diriyah from 1744 to 1765? | /wiki/Emirate_of_Diriyah#P35#0 | Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah ( ) , also transliterated as the Emirate of Diriyah and also known as the First Saudi State , was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 AH ) when the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and tribal chief Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula . In 1744 , both Abd al-Wahhab and Saud took an oath to achieve their goal . Early establishment . The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd , and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman . Furthermore , Sauds forces brought the highlands of Asir under their suzerainty , while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad . After many military campaigns , Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765 , leaving the leadership to his son , Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad . Sauds forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801 . Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians . In retribution , Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803 , having followed him back to Nejd . Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792 . In 1803 , eleven years after Wahhabs death , the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad , Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud , sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule . Taif was the first city to be captured , and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina . This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire , which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517 . Decline of sovereignty . The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt , Muhammad Ali Pasha , by the Ottomans . This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War , in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea . His son , Ibrahim Pasha , then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd , capturing town after town . Sauds successor , his son Abdullah bin Saud , was unable to prevent the recapture of the region . Finally , Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818 . Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud and Muhammed Ibn Abd Al Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital , Istanbul . Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus , marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State . However , both the Wahhabi sect and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed . They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891 , and later a third state , Saudi Arabia , which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day . List of Rulers . - Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1744–1765 ( 1157–1179 H ) - Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 ( 1179–1218 H ) - Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 ( 1218–1229 H ) - Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 ( 1229–1233 H ) |
[
"Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad"
] | easy | Who was the president of Emirate of Diriyah from 1765 to 1803? | /wiki/Emirate_of_Diriyah#P35#1 | Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah ( ) , also transliterated as the Emirate of Diriyah and also known as the First Saudi State , was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 AH ) when the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and tribal chief Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula . In 1744 , both Abd al-Wahhab and Saud took an oath to achieve their goal . Early establishment . The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd , and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman . Furthermore , Sauds forces brought the highlands of Asir under their suzerainty , while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad . After many military campaigns , Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765 , leaving the leadership to his son , Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad . Sauds forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801 . Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians . In retribution , Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803 , having followed him back to Nejd . Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792 . In 1803 , eleven years after Wahhabs death , the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad , Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud , sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule . Taif was the first city to be captured , and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina . This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire , which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517 . Decline of sovereignty . The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt , Muhammad Ali Pasha , by the Ottomans . This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War , in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea . His son , Ibrahim Pasha , then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd , capturing town after town . Sauds successor , his son Abdullah bin Saud , was unable to prevent the recapture of the region . Finally , Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818 . Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud and Muhammed Ibn Abd Al Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital , Istanbul . Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus , marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State . However , both the Wahhabi sect and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed . They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891 , and later a third state , Saudi Arabia , which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day . List of Rulers . - Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1744–1765 ( 1157–1179 H ) - Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 ( 1179–1218 H ) - Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 ( 1218–1229 H ) - Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 ( 1229–1233 H ) |
[
"Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud"
] | easy | Who was the president of Emirate of Diriyah from 1803 to 1814? | /wiki/Emirate_of_Diriyah#P35#2 | Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah ( ) , also transliterated as the Emirate of Diriyah and also known as the First Saudi State , was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 AH ) when the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and tribal chief Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula . In 1744 , both Abd al-Wahhab and Saud took an oath to achieve their goal . Early establishment . The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd , and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman . Furthermore , Sauds forces brought the highlands of Asir under their suzerainty , while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad . After many military campaigns , Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765 , leaving the leadership to his son , Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad . Sauds forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801 . Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians . In retribution , Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803 , having followed him back to Nejd . Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792 . In 1803 , eleven years after Wahhabs death , the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad , Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud , sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule . Taif was the first city to be captured , and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina . This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire , which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517 . Decline of sovereignty . The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt , Muhammad Ali Pasha , by the Ottomans . This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War , in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea . His son , Ibrahim Pasha , then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd , capturing town after town . Sauds successor , his son Abdullah bin Saud , was unable to prevent the recapture of the region . Finally , Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818 . Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud and Muhammed Ibn Abd Al Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital , Istanbul . Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus , marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State . However , both the Wahhabi sect and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed . They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891 , and later a third state , Saudi Arabia , which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day . List of Rulers . - Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1744–1765 ( 1157–1179 H ) - Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 ( 1179–1218 H ) - Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 ( 1218–1229 H ) - Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 ( 1229–1233 H ) |
[
"Abdullah bin Saud"
] | easy | Who was the president of Emirate of Diriyah from 1814 to 1818? | /wiki/Emirate_of_Diriyah#P35#3 | Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah ( ) , also transliterated as the Emirate of Diriyah and also known as the First Saudi State , was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 AH ) when the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and tribal chief Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula . In 1744 , both Abd al-Wahhab and Saud took an oath to achieve their goal . Early establishment . The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd , and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman . Furthermore , Sauds forces brought the highlands of Asir under their suzerainty , while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad . After many military campaigns , Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765 , leaving the leadership to his son , Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad . Sauds forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801 . Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians . In retribution , Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803 , having followed him back to Nejd . Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792 . In 1803 , eleven years after Wahhabs death , the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad , Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud , sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule . Taif was the first city to be captured , and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina . This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire , which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517 . Decline of sovereignty . The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt , Muhammad Ali Pasha , by the Ottomans . This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War , in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea . His son , Ibrahim Pasha , then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd , capturing town after town . Sauds successor , his son Abdullah bin Saud , was unable to prevent the recapture of the region . Finally , Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818 . Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud and Muhammed Ibn Abd Al Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital , Istanbul . Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus , marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State . However , both the Wahhabi sect and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed . They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891 , and later a third state , Saudi Arabia , which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day . List of Rulers . - Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1744–1765 ( 1157–1179 H ) - Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 ( 1179–1218 H ) - Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 ( 1218–1229 H ) - Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 ( 1229–1233 H ) |
[
"Eik-Tønsberg"
] | easy | Petter Furuseth played for which team from 1996 to 2000? | /wiki/Petter_Furuseth#P54#0 | Petter Furuseth Petter Furuseth ( born 14 August 1978 ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the top-flight in Norway , Sweden and Denmark . He used to be known as Petter Furuseth Olsen . Furuseth represented Norway at youth international level . Furuseth started his career in the local club Eik-Tønsberg , before he played for Brann , Örebro , Hammarby , Stabæk , Viborg and FC Midtjylland . Furuseth announced his retirement from football in August 2008 , but made a comeback five months later in Lyn . He later had spell with Swedish clubs Assyriska and Hammarby , before he returned to Norway where he has been playing and coaching at amateur level . Career . Furuseth was born in Tønsberg , and played for the local team IL Flint during his youth . He played four matches for the Norwegian under-15 team in 1994 , and one match for the under-16 the next year . Furuseth transferred to the Norwegian First Division side Eik-Tønsberg in 1996 . He played his first matches for Eik in 1997 , and played a total of 68 league-games for the club . After Eik was relegated in 2000 , Furuseth transferred to SK Brann . He made his debut in Tippeligaen against Moss on 16 April 2001 , and scored a total of 10 goals in 26 games in his first season at Brann . Furuseth stayed in Brann for three seasons , before he moved to Sweden and Örebro SK . During the first half of the 2004 season , Olsen was a great attraction in the Allsvenskan , and it did not take long until he caught the eye of Hammarby . In September 2004 , a Örebro in heavy debts was forced to sell him to league rivals Hammarby IF . In Stockholm , Furuseth Olsen was transformed from striker to right winger , and was awarded Player of the year 2006 by the Hammarby-fans . In October 2006 , Furuseth Olsen made it clear that if he were to leave Hammarby and Sweden , he would return to Norway to gain a spot on the Norway national team . He transferred to Stabæk Fotball ahead of the 2007-season , but because of a conflict with Daniel Nannskog and the other players , he only played 4 matches for Stabæk and signed for the Danish Viborg in June 2007 . The following winter , Furuseth transferred to FC Midtjylland , but after three rounds of the 2008–09-season he asked to be released the contract and decided to retire . Furuseth decided to make comeback in January 2009 , and signed a two-year contract with Lyn . He was transferred from FC Midtjylland , still formally his employer , for an undisclosed fee . Furuseth played only two matches for Lyn in Tippeligaen during the first half of the season , and he was loaned out to Assyriska so that Lyn , a club with mayor economic difficulties , could save some wage-expenses . On 10 March 2010 , his contract with Lyn was terminated by mutual consent , and Furuseth moved back to Hammarby . Furuseth moved back to Norway again , and was signed by Moss as a playing assistant coach in February 2012 , where he was working under the command of Tor Thodesen , the coach who signed Furuseth from Eik-Tønsberg to Brann in 2000 . Furuseth left Moss in August 2012 , citing personal reasons , and joined his old club Eik in the Third Division two weeks later , where he was a part of the coaching staff . Ahead of the 2013 season , Furuseth joined Husøy & Foynland IF as a player-coach . External links . - Career stats at Danmarks Radio |
[
"SK Brann"
] | easy | Which team did the player Petter Furuseth belong to from 2001 to 2003? | /wiki/Petter_Furuseth#P54#1 | Petter Furuseth Petter Furuseth ( born 14 August 1978 ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the top-flight in Norway , Sweden and Denmark . He used to be known as Petter Furuseth Olsen . Furuseth represented Norway at youth international level . Furuseth started his career in the local club Eik-Tønsberg , before he played for Brann , Örebro , Hammarby , Stabæk , Viborg and FC Midtjylland . Furuseth announced his retirement from football in August 2008 , but made a comeback five months later in Lyn . He later had spell with Swedish clubs Assyriska and Hammarby , before he returned to Norway where he has been playing and coaching at amateur level . Career . Furuseth was born in Tønsberg , and played for the local team IL Flint during his youth . He played four matches for the Norwegian under-15 team in 1994 , and one match for the under-16 the next year . Furuseth transferred to the Norwegian First Division side Eik-Tønsberg in 1996 . He played his first matches for Eik in 1997 , and played a total of 68 league-games for the club . After Eik was relegated in 2000 , Furuseth transferred to SK Brann . He made his debut in Tippeligaen against Moss on 16 April 2001 , and scored a total of 10 goals in 26 games in his first season at Brann . Furuseth stayed in Brann for three seasons , before he moved to Sweden and Örebro SK . During the first half of the 2004 season , Olsen was a great attraction in the Allsvenskan , and it did not take long until he caught the eye of Hammarby . In September 2004 , a Örebro in heavy debts was forced to sell him to league rivals Hammarby IF . In Stockholm , Furuseth Olsen was transformed from striker to right winger , and was awarded Player of the year 2006 by the Hammarby-fans . In October 2006 , Furuseth Olsen made it clear that if he were to leave Hammarby and Sweden , he would return to Norway to gain a spot on the Norway national team . He transferred to Stabæk Fotball ahead of the 2007-season , but because of a conflict with Daniel Nannskog and the other players , he only played 4 matches for Stabæk and signed for the Danish Viborg in June 2007 . The following winter , Furuseth transferred to FC Midtjylland , but after three rounds of the 2008–09-season he asked to be released the contract and decided to retire . Furuseth decided to make comeback in January 2009 , and signed a two-year contract with Lyn . He was transferred from FC Midtjylland , still formally his employer , for an undisclosed fee . Furuseth played only two matches for Lyn in Tippeligaen during the first half of the season , and he was loaned out to Assyriska so that Lyn , a club with mayor economic difficulties , could save some wage-expenses . On 10 March 2010 , his contract with Lyn was terminated by mutual consent , and Furuseth moved back to Hammarby . Furuseth moved back to Norway again , and was signed by Moss as a playing assistant coach in February 2012 , where he was working under the command of Tor Thodesen , the coach who signed Furuseth from Eik-Tønsberg to Brann in 2000 . Furuseth left Moss in August 2012 , citing personal reasons , and joined his old club Eik in the Third Division two weeks later , where he was a part of the coaching staff . Ahead of the 2013 season , Furuseth joined Husøy & Foynland IF as a player-coach . External links . - Career stats at Danmarks Radio |
[
"Örebro SK",
"Hammarby IF"
] | easy | Which team did Petter Furuseth play for from 2004 to 2006? | /wiki/Petter_Furuseth#P54#2 | Petter Furuseth Petter Furuseth ( born 14 August 1978 ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the top-flight in Norway , Sweden and Denmark . He used to be known as Petter Furuseth Olsen . Furuseth represented Norway at youth international level . Furuseth started his career in the local club Eik-Tønsberg , before he played for Brann , Örebro , Hammarby , Stabæk , Viborg and FC Midtjylland . Furuseth announced his retirement from football in August 2008 , but made a comeback five months later in Lyn . He later had spell with Swedish clubs Assyriska and Hammarby , before he returned to Norway where he has been playing and coaching at amateur level . Career . Furuseth was born in Tønsberg , and played for the local team IL Flint during his youth . He played four matches for the Norwegian under-15 team in 1994 , and one match for the under-16 the next year . Furuseth transferred to the Norwegian First Division side Eik-Tønsberg in 1996 . He played his first matches for Eik in 1997 , and played a total of 68 league-games for the club . After Eik was relegated in 2000 , Furuseth transferred to SK Brann . He made his debut in Tippeligaen against Moss on 16 April 2001 , and scored a total of 10 goals in 26 games in his first season at Brann . Furuseth stayed in Brann for three seasons , before he moved to Sweden and Örebro SK . During the first half of the 2004 season , Olsen was a great attraction in the Allsvenskan , and it did not take long until he caught the eye of Hammarby . In September 2004 , a Örebro in heavy debts was forced to sell him to league rivals Hammarby IF . In Stockholm , Furuseth Olsen was transformed from striker to right winger , and was awarded Player of the year 2006 by the Hammarby-fans . In October 2006 , Furuseth Olsen made it clear that if he were to leave Hammarby and Sweden , he would return to Norway to gain a spot on the Norway national team . He transferred to Stabæk Fotball ahead of the 2007-season , but because of a conflict with Daniel Nannskog and the other players , he only played 4 matches for Stabæk and signed for the Danish Viborg in June 2007 . The following winter , Furuseth transferred to FC Midtjylland , but after three rounds of the 2008–09-season he asked to be released the contract and decided to retire . Furuseth decided to make comeback in January 2009 , and signed a two-year contract with Lyn . He was transferred from FC Midtjylland , still formally his employer , for an undisclosed fee . Furuseth played only two matches for Lyn in Tippeligaen during the first half of the season , and he was loaned out to Assyriska so that Lyn , a club with mayor economic difficulties , could save some wage-expenses . On 10 March 2010 , his contract with Lyn was terminated by mutual consent , and Furuseth moved back to Hammarby . Furuseth moved back to Norway again , and was signed by Moss as a playing assistant coach in February 2012 , where he was working under the command of Tor Thodesen , the coach who signed Furuseth from Eik-Tønsberg to Brann in 2000 . Furuseth left Moss in August 2012 , citing personal reasons , and joined his old club Eik in the Third Division two weeks later , where he was a part of the coaching staff . Ahead of the 2013 season , Furuseth joined Husøy & Foynland IF as a player-coach . External links . - Career stats at Danmarks Radio |
[
"Lyn"
] | easy | Which team did Petter Furuseth play for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Petter_Furuseth#P54#3 | Petter Furuseth Petter Furuseth ( born 14 August 1978 ) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder in the top-flight in Norway , Sweden and Denmark . He used to be known as Petter Furuseth Olsen . Furuseth represented Norway at youth international level . Furuseth started his career in the local club Eik-Tønsberg , before he played for Brann , Örebro , Hammarby , Stabæk , Viborg and FC Midtjylland . Furuseth announced his retirement from football in August 2008 , but made a comeback five months later in Lyn . He later had spell with Swedish clubs Assyriska and Hammarby , before he returned to Norway where he has been playing and coaching at amateur level . Career . Furuseth was born in Tønsberg , and played for the local team IL Flint during his youth . He played four matches for the Norwegian under-15 team in 1994 , and one match for the under-16 the next year . Furuseth transferred to the Norwegian First Division side Eik-Tønsberg in 1996 . He played his first matches for Eik in 1997 , and played a total of 68 league-games for the club . After Eik was relegated in 2000 , Furuseth transferred to SK Brann . He made his debut in Tippeligaen against Moss on 16 April 2001 , and scored a total of 10 goals in 26 games in his first season at Brann . Furuseth stayed in Brann for three seasons , before he moved to Sweden and Örebro SK . During the first half of the 2004 season , Olsen was a great attraction in the Allsvenskan , and it did not take long until he caught the eye of Hammarby . In September 2004 , a Örebro in heavy debts was forced to sell him to league rivals Hammarby IF . In Stockholm , Furuseth Olsen was transformed from striker to right winger , and was awarded Player of the year 2006 by the Hammarby-fans . In October 2006 , Furuseth Olsen made it clear that if he were to leave Hammarby and Sweden , he would return to Norway to gain a spot on the Norway national team . He transferred to Stabæk Fotball ahead of the 2007-season , but because of a conflict with Daniel Nannskog and the other players , he only played 4 matches for Stabæk and signed for the Danish Viborg in June 2007 . The following winter , Furuseth transferred to FC Midtjylland , but after three rounds of the 2008–09-season he asked to be released the contract and decided to retire . Furuseth decided to make comeback in January 2009 , and signed a two-year contract with Lyn . He was transferred from FC Midtjylland , still formally his employer , for an undisclosed fee . Furuseth played only two matches for Lyn in Tippeligaen during the first half of the season , and he was loaned out to Assyriska so that Lyn , a club with mayor economic difficulties , could save some wage-expenses . On 10 March 2010 , his contract with Lyn was terminated by mutual consent , and Furuseth moved back to Hammarby . Furuseth moved back to Norway again , and was signed by Moss as a playing assistant coach in February 2012 , where he was working under the command of Tor Thodesen , the coach who signed Furuseth from Eik-Tønsberg to Brann in 2000 . Furuseth left Moss in August 2012 , citing personal reasons , and joined his old club Eik in the Third Division two weeks later , where he was a part of the coaching staff . Ahead of the 2013 season , Furuseth joined Husøy & Foynland IF as a player-coach . External links . - Career stats at Danmarks Radio |
[
"Dakar , Senegal"
] | easy | Where was World Festival of Black Arts taking place in Apr 1966? | /wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts#P276#0 | World Festival of Black Arts The World Festival of Black Arts ( French : Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres ) , also known as FESMAN , is a month-long culture and arts festival that takes place in Africa . The festival features poetry , sculpture , painting , music , cinema , theatre , fashion , architecture , design and dance from artists and performers from around the African Diaspora . History . The festivals were planned as Pan-African celebrations , and ranged in content from debate to performance — particularly dance and theatre . Dakar , 1966 . The First World Festival of Black Arts or World Festival of Negro Arts was held in Dakar , Senegal , 1–24 April 1966 , initiated by former President Leopold Senghor , under the auspices of UNESCO , with the participation of 45 African , European , Caribbean , and North and South American countries , and featuring black literature , music , theater , visual arts , film and dance . It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and African diasporic artists , musicians and writers to a global audience . Participants included historian Cheikh Anta Diop ; dancers Arthur Mitchell and Alvin Ailey ; Mestre Pastinha , a Capoeira troupe from Bahia ; Duke Ellington ; Marion Williams ; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and Bella Bellow ; writers Aimé Césaire , Langston Hughes , Wole Soyinka , Amiri Baraka , and Sarah Webster Fabio . The filmmaker William Greaves made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled The First World Festival of Negro Arts ( 1968 ) . Italian journalist Sergio Borelli produced Il Festival de Dakar ( 1966 ) a 50-minute documentary for RAI . Lagos , 1977 . In 1977 , from 15 January to 12 February , the Second World Festival of Black Arts or Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture — known as FESTAC 77 — took place in Lagos , Nigeria , under the patronage of President Olusegun Obasanjo . Attended by more than 17,000 participants from over 50 countries , it was the largest cultural event ever held on the African continent . Among artists who took part were Stevie Wonder , the Sun Ra Arkestra , and Donald Byrd from the US , Tabu Ley and Franco from the Congo , Gilberto Gil from Brazil , Bembeya Jazz National from Guinea , and Louis Moholo , Dudu Pukwana , and Miriam Makeba from South Africa . Dakar , 2010 . The 2010 World Festival of Black Arts took place 10–31 December 2010 , and was initiated by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade with the theme of African Renaissance . In President Wades 2009 address at the UN , he said : I call all Africans , all the sons and daughters of the Diaspora , all my fellow citizens , all the partners that are ready to walk by our side , all States , all international organizations , foundations , firms , etc . for a shining success for this Festival , and for the rise of a new Africa . It was curated by Kwame Kwei-Armah , and participants at the opening ceremony included Youssou NDour , Baaba Maal , Angélique Kidjo , Toumani Diabaté , Wyclef Jean , Euzhan Palcy , Carlinhos Brown and the Mahotella Queens . As well as music and cinema , the festival featured art exhibitions , theatre and dance performances , fashion shows , photography and other events , with the participation of artists and intellectuals from dozens of African and African diaspora countries , including the US , Brazil , Haiti , France and Cuba . External links . - Facebook site for the 2009 festival - US FESMAN Committee - Black World Festival , Funnelme . - Festac 77 - Lagos Festival , UNESCO . - Festival mondial des arts nègres- World Festival of Black Arts by Sergio Borelli , 50 min . Report made for television of the Dakar Arts Festival of 1966 . Featuring Senghor , Duke Ellington and Langston Hughes . |
[
"Lagos , Nigeria"
] | easy | World Festival of Black Arts took place in which location in 1977? | /wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts#P276#1 | World Festival of Black Arts The World Festival of Black Arts ( French : Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres ) , also known as FESMAN , is a month-long culture and arts festival that takes place in Africa . The festival features poetry , sculpture , painting , music , cinema , theatre , fashion , architecture , design and dance from artists and performers from around the African Diaspora . History . The festivals were planned as Pan-African celebrations , and ranged in content from debate to performance — particularly dance and theatre . Dakar , 1966 . The First World Festival of Black Arts or World Festival of Negro Arts was held in Dakar , Senegal , 1–24 April 1966 , initiated by former President Leopold Senghor , under the auspices of UNESCO , with the participation of 45 African , European , Caribbean , and North and South American countries , and featuring black literature , music , theater , visual arts , film and dance . It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and African diasporic artists , musicians and writers to a global audience . Participants included historian Cheikh Anta Diop ; dancers Arthur Mitchell and Alvin Ailey ; Mestre Pastinha , a Capoeira troupe from Bahia ; Duke Ellington ; Marion Williams ; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and Bella Bellow ; writers Aimé Césaire , Langston Hughes , Wole Soyinka , Amiri Baraka , and Sarah Webster Fabio . The filmmaker William Greaves made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled The First World Festival of Negro Arts ( 1968 ) . Italian journalist Sergio Borelli produced Il Festival de Dakar ( 1966 ) a 50-minute documentary for RAI . Lagos , 1977 . In 1977 , from 15 January to 12 February , the Second World Festival of Black Arts or Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture — known as FESTAC 77 — took place in Lagos , Nigeria , under the patronage of President Olusegun Obasanjo . Attended by more than 17,000 participants from over 50 countries , it was the largest cultural event ever held on the African continent . Among artists who took part were Stevie Wonder , the Sun Ra Arkestra , and Donald Byrd from the US , Tabu Ley and Franco from the Congo , Gilberto Gil from Brazil , Bembeya Jazz National from Guinea , and Louis Moholo , Dudu Pukwana , and Miriam Makeba from South Africa . Dakar , 2010 . The 2010 World Festival of Black Arts took place 10–31 December 2010 , and was initiated by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade with the theme of African Renaissance . In President Wades 2009 address at the UN , he said : I call all Africans , all the sons and daughters of the Diaspora , all my fellow citizens , all the partners that are ready to walk by our side , all States , all international organizations , foundations , firms , etc . for a shining success for this Festival , and for the rise of a new Africa . It was curated by Kwame Kwei-Armah , and participants at the opening ceremony included Youssou NDour , Baaba Maal , Angélique Kidjo , Toumani Diabaté , Wyclef Jean , Euzhan Palcy , Carlinhos Brown and the Mahotella Queens . As well as music and cinema , the festival featured art exhibitions , theatre and dance performances , fashion shows , photography and other events , with the participation of artists and intellectuals from dozens of African and African diaspora countries , including the US , Brazil , Haiti , France and Cuba . External links . - Facebook site for the 2009 festival - US FESMAN Committee - Black World Festival , Funnelme . - Festac 77 - Lagos Festival , UNESCO . - Festival mondial des arts nègres- World Festival of Black Arts by Sergio Borelli , 50 min . Report made for television of the Dakar Arts Festival of 1966 . Featuring Senghor , Duke Ellington and Langston Hughes . |
[
"Dakar"
] | easy | Where was World Festival of Black Arts located in Dec 2010? | /wiki/World_Festival_of_Black_Arts#P276#2 | World Festival of Black Arts The World Festival of Black Arts ( French : Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres ) , also known as FESMAN , is a month-long culture and arts festival that takes place in Africa . The festival features poetry , sculpture , painting , music , cinema , theatre , fashion , architecture , design and dance from artists and performers from around the African Diaspora . History . The festivals were planned as Pan-African celebrations , and ranged in content from debate to performance — particularly dance and theatre . Dakar , 1966 . The First World Festival of Black Arts or World Festival of Negro Arts was held in Dakar , Senegal , 1–24 April 1966 , initiated by former President Leopold Senghor , under the auspices of UNESCO , with the participation of 45 African , European , Caribbean , and North and South American countries , and featuring black literature , music , theater , visual arts , film and dance . It was first state-sponsored festival to showcase the work of African and African diasporic artists , musicians and writers to a global audience . Participants included historian Cheikh Anta Diop ; dancers Arthur Mitchell and Alvin Ailey ; Mestre Pastinha , a Capoeira troupe from Bahia ; Duke Ellington ; Marion Williams ; singers Julie Akofa Akoussah and Bella Bellow ; writers Aimé Césaire , Langston Hughes , Wole Soyinka , Amiri Baraka , and Sarah Webster Fabio . The filmmaker William Greaves made a 40-minute documentary of the event entitled The First World Festival of Negro Arts ( 1968 ) . Italian journalist Sergio Borelli produced Il Festival de Dakar ( 1966 ) a 50-minute documentary for RAI . Lagos , 1977 . In 1977 , from 15 January to 12 February , the Second World Festival of Black Arts or Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture — known as FESTAC 77 — took place in Lagos , Nigeria , under the patronage of President Olusegun Obasanjo . Attended by more than 17,000 participants from over 50 countries , it was the largest cultural event ever held on the African continent . Among artists who took part were Stevie Wonder , the Sun Ra Arkestra , and Donald Byrd from the US , Tabu Ley and Franco from the Congo , Gilberto Gil from Brazil , Bembeya Jazz National from Guinea , and Louis Moholo , Dudu Pukwana , and Miriam Makeba from South Africa . Dakar , 2010 . The 2010 World Festival of Black Arts took place 10–31 December 2010 , and was initiated by Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade with the theme of African Renaissance . In President Wades 2009 address at the UN , he said : I call all Africans , all the sons and daughters of the Diaspora , all my fellow citizens , all the partners that are ready to walk by our side , all States , all international organizations , foundations , firms , etc . for a shining success for this Festival , and for the rise of a new Africa . It was curated by Kwame Kwei-Armah , and participants at the opening ceremony included Youssou NDour , Baaba Maal , Angélique Kidjo , Toumani Diabaté , Wyclef Jean , Euzhan Palcy , Carlinhos Brown and the Mahotella Queens . As well as music and cinema , the festival featured art exhibitions , theatre and dance performances , fashion shows , photography and other events , with the participation of artists and intellectuals from dozens of African and African diaspora countries , including the US , Brazil , Haiti , France and Cuba . External links . - Facebook site for the 2009 festival - US FESMAN Committee - Black World Festival , Funnelme . - Festac 77 - Lagos Festival , UNESCO . - Festival mondial des arts nègres- World Festival of Black Arts by Sergio Borelli , 50 min . Report made for television of the Dakar Arts Festival of 1966 . Featuring Senghor , Duke Ellington and Langston Hughes . |
[
"Homestead High School"
] | easy | Susan Brooks went to which school from 1977 to 1978? | /wiki/Susan_Brooks#P69#0 | Susan Brooks Susan Lynn Wiant Brooks ( born August 25 , 1960 ) is an American prosecutor and politician . She is a Republican and the former U.S . Representative for . She was elected in 2012 . The district includes the northern fifth of Indianapolis , as well as many of the citys affluent northern and eastern suburbs . Brooks served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 2001 to 2007 . She was a candidate to replace Mike Pence in the 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election after he withdrew from the race to be Donald Trumps running mate in the 2016 U.S . presidential election . However , Indiana Republicans gave the nomination to Eric Holcomb , Indianas lieutenant governor and Pences second in command during his administration , who was then elected governor . In the 116th Congress , she is a co-chair of the House moderate Republican faction , the Tuesday Group , alongside John Katko and Fred Upton . She is also recruitment chair for the National Republican Congressional Committee . On June 14 , 2019 , Brooks announced that she would not run for reelection to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2020 . Early life , education , and early law career . Brooks was born to Robert and Marilyn Wiant in Fort Wayne , Indiana . She was raised in Fort Wayne and graduated from Homestead High School . She earned a B.A . degree from Miami University , Ohio , where she was a part of the sorority Alpha Omicron Pi , and her J.D . degree from the Indiana University Robert H . McKinney School of Law . She practiced criminal defense law from 1985 to 1997 . Deputy Mayor of Indianapolis ( 1998–1999 ) . She was appointed by Mayor Steve Goldsmith in 1998 to be deputy mayor . She monitored the police , fire , and emergency response activities . She focused on crime , the criminal justice system , and social welfare issues . She served on the following boards : - Marion County Community Corrections - Indianapolis Downtown , Inc . - Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership - Greater Indianapolis Progress Committee - Race Relations Leadership Network Committee - Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis Board of Advisors - Marion County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council - United Way Strategic Planning Committee - Clarian Healths Community Plunge Steering Committee - Employers Against Domestic Violence Initiative Ice Miller ( 1999–2001 ) . After she was deputy mayor , she joined the Indianapolis-based law firm of Ice Miller in the Government Services Practice Group . In 1999 , she was named Influential Woman of Indianapolis . That year , she also earned a spot on Indianapolis Business Journals 40 under 40 list in 1999 . U.S . Attorney ( 2001–2007 ) . In 2001 , President George W . Bush appointed her as U.S . Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana . She earned an advisory-leadership role with two U.S . Attorneys General . She focused on mortgage fraud , gun violence , drug trafficking , gangs , child exploitation , and identity theft . In her first few weeks in office , she charged Dr . Randolph Lievertz of Indianapolis with illegally prescribing OxyContin . She said he was by far the biggest prescriber of that drug under Indianas Medicaid program . In 2000 , he prescribed six times more than the amount of Indianas second highest prescriber of Oxy . She earned the Whos Who in Law in 2002 , Super Lawyer from 2004 to 2008 , and Indiana Lawyer Leadership in 2006 . Ivy Tech Community College ( 2007–2011 ) . In October 2007 , she decided to resign her position as U.S . Attorney to become general counsel and senior vice president for workforce and economic development at the Ivy Tech Community College . According to their website , She is responsible for the leadership , direction and development of Ivy Techs statewide strategies and programming in workforce development . She is an integral part of the states strategic initiative to develop a trained workforce to attract and retain businesses in an effort to bolster the economic viability of the state . In 2007 , she earned the Sagamore of the Wabash . In 2008 , she earned the Touchstone Award and for the second time earned Influential Woman of Indianapolis . In 2011 , she also earned for the second time the Whos Who in Law . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 When she was U.S . Attorney , her Southern District covered two-thirds of Indiana , including the majority of the newly redrawn 5th District , after 2011 redistricting . Fifteen-term Republican U.S . Congressman Dan Burton decided to retire . Brooks entered a crowded seven-way primary—the real contest in this strongly Republican district . She had actually entered the race before Burtons retirement . New Jersey Governor and former U.S . Attorney Chris Christie endorsed and fundraised for Brooks . In May 2012 , she won the Republican primary with 30% of the vote , just one point ahead of the second-place finisher and former U.S . Congressman David McIntosh . With Brooks election in November 2012 , she became the second Republican woman elected to Congress from Indiana alongside Jackie Walorski ( the last having been Cecil Harden , who served from 1949 to 1959 ) and sixth overall ( Democrats having previously elected four : Virginia Jenckes from 1933 to 1939 ; Katie Hall from 1982 to 1985 ; Jill L . Long from 1989 to 1995 and Julia Carson from 1997 until her death in 2007 ) . Brooks won the 2012 election , defeating Democrat Scott Reske with 58% of the vote . - 2014 Brookss vote to end the October 2013 government shutdown led members of the Tea Party to support David Stockdales campaign for her seat . In the primary election on May 6 , Brooks defeated Stockdale and his fellow challenger , David Campbell , winning 73% of the vote . On November 4 , Brooks won the general election with 65% of the vote , defeating Democrat Shawn Denney and Libertarian John Krom . Brooks was held to 56 percent of the vote to Democrat Dee Thorntons 43 percent of the vote . It was the first time a Democrat had managed even 40 percent of the vote in the district since it assumed its present configuration as a north suburban district in 1983 ( it was numbered as the 6th from 1983 to 2003 , and has been the 5th since 2003 ) . - 2020 Brooks announced on June 14 , 2019 , that she will be retiring from Congress at the end of the current session and will not seek re-election . She retained her role as recruitment chairman for the Republican National Congressional Committee for the 2020 election . Committee assignments . - Energy and Commerce Committee - Subcommittee on Health - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Manufacturing & Trade - Committee on Ethics - House Select Committee on the Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi - Republican Study Committee - Bipartisan Congressional Caucus for Womens Issues Caucus memberships . - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus Legislation . On December 19 , 2017 , Brooks voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 . On May 4 , 2017 , Brooks voted for the American Health Care Act , reversing her position of February 2017 , when she claimed to oppose taking insurance from people with preexisting conditions . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 , bipartisan legislation that will dramatically transform and enhance the nations ability to respond to current and emerging biothreats . This legislation reforms our nations medical countermeasure acquisition process , incentivizes research to combat the next generation of deadly diseases , and increases accountability of preparedness spending . It is one of the legislative proposals highlighted by the bipartisan Blue Ribbon Panel Study on Biodefense as an important step towards shoring up our national security and preparedness for biothreats . On June 17 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Heroin and Prescription Opioid Abuse Prevention , Education , and Enforcement Act of 2015 , H.R . 2805 , which targets several areas of need critical to reducing the number of painkiller and heroin overdose deaths each year . The legislation will establish a working group to develop new guidance and best practices for members of the medical community , reauthorize prescription drug monitoring programs ( PDMP ) critical to local law enforcement efforts , increase access to life-saving Naloxone and raise public , provider , and patient awareness of opioid drugs . It is the companion bill to S . 1134 , legislation introduced by Senators Joe Donnelly ( D-IN ) and Kelly Ayotte ( R-NH ) in April 2015 . On March 14 , 2014 , Brooks introduced the Social Media Working Group Act of 2014 ( H.R . 4263 , 113th Congress ) ; H.R . 623 , 114th Congress ) , a bill that would direct the United States Secretary of Homeland Security to establish within the United States Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) a social media working group to provide guidance and best practices to the emergency preparedness and response community on the use of social media technologies before , during , and after a terrorist attack . This legislation was reintroduced in 2015 , and became law in November 2015 . On March 18 , 2014 , Rep . Brooks introduced the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act ( H.R . 4275 ; 113th Congress ) . The bill would allow some charities , schools , and volunteer organizations to remain exempt from pension plan rules under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) and the Internal Revenue Code . Brooks argued that the bill was needed because some charities , schools and cooperatives are actually shutting down summer camps , cutting back on services to the community , or raising prices just to meet their pension obligations . The bill passed the House on March 24 , 2014 . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced , along with Rep . Anna Eshoo , the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 . The bill would streamline government decisions and provide incentives for vaccines and treatment of dangerous pathogens and diseases . Brooks sponsored the bill in response to a report released in October 2015 by the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense . Brooks was ranked as the 44th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the first session of the 115th United States Congress by the Bipartisan Index , created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy to assess congressional bipartisanship . She is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership . In February 2018 , Brooks along with U.S . Rep . Anna Eshoo ( D-CA ) founded a new bipartisan caucus called the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . The group will work to focus in improving the preparedness of the United States to respond to a pandemic or chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats . Brooks and Eshoo launched the caucus during a reception in Washington with more than 50 attendees from Congress and the biodefense industry . Political positions . Susan Brooks was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership which presented what it described as centrist Republican policies and also described as a moderately conservative Congressional caucus . The non-partisan National Journal gave her a composite ideological rating of 78% conservative and 22% liberal . She has a lifetime 72% conservative score from the American Conservative Union . Fiscal . On fiscal issues , Brooks has an 85% lifetime rating from the fiscally conservative Americans for Prosperity . In 2015 , she was the only Indiana Republican in the House to vote for a bipartisan continuing resolution to fund the federal government . Social issues . On social issues , Brooks is pro-life and opposes abortion . She has a 100% rating from the National Right to Life Committee , which opposes legal abortion ; she also supports gun rights and has a grade from the National Rifle Association . Brooks is supportive of LGBT rights . In May 2019 , she voted for the Equality Act , which prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity . Brooks joined seven other Republicans and 228 Democrats in supporting the legislation , which passed the U.S . House of Representatives during the 116th United States Congress . Legalized marijuana . Regarding marijuana policy , Brooks has a D rating from NORML for her voting history regarding cannabis-related causes . Brooks opposes veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their Veterans Health Administration doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence . Sexual harassment . Brooks is opposed to any sexual harassment , whether in the workplace or out of the workplace . In a 2017 interview , she said that she had not personally experienced sexual harassment . She described the harassment allegations against Donald Trump as personally disgusting . She describes the federal process for investigating sexual harassment in federal workplaces as not...as effective as it should be . She supports creating an ombudsman or advocates office to handle reports , which would also provide a counselor to each victim . Biodefense . Brooks believes the U.S . is underprepared to fight bioterrorism and respond to other biological threats . She has introduced legislation that increases funding for federal biodefense activities . According to Brooks : ISIS and other terrorist groups are trying to get chemical and biological weapons ; the U.S . is vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics ; and the U.S . is more reactive than proactive when it comes to biological threats . The Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense released a report in 2015 that concluded that the countrys biodefense efforts needed to be improved . It gave 39 specific actionable recommendations . To help implement some of these recommendations , Brooks introduced H.R . 3299 - the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act , along with Congresswoman Anna Eschoo . The bill incentivizes the development of vaccines for pathogens identified as dangerous by the U.S . Department of Homeland Security . The bill was signed into law as part of the 21st Century Cures Act . In March 2018 , Brooks and Anna Eschoo launched the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . Within a week , the caucus had 21 Members of Congress as members . The caucus is “dedicated to strengthening our nations biodefense enterprise and national security.” The caucus will focus on chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats and pandemic outbreaks . Donald Trump . In July 2019 , Brooks was one of four Republican House members to vote in support of a motion to condemn remarks by President Trump made on Twitter calling on Progressive Democrat Congresswomen who originally came from countries that are described as failing to go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came . Personal life . She resides in Carmel , Indiana with her husband , David , and their two children . She is Catholic . |
[
"Miami University , Ohio"
] | easy | Which school did Susan Brooks go to in 1978? | /wiki/Susan_Brooks#P69#1 | Susan Brooks Susan Lynn Wiant Brooks ( born August 25 , 1960 ) is an American prosecutor and politician . She is a Republican and the former U.S . Representative for . She was elected in 2012 . The district includes the northern fifth of Indianapolis , as well as many of the citys affluent northern and eastern suburbs . Brooks served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 2001 to 2007 . She was a candidate to replace Mike Pence in the 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election after he withdrew from the race to be Donald Trumps running mate in the 2016 U.S . presidential election . However , Indiana Republicans gave the nomination to Eric Holcomb , Indianas lieutenant governor and Pences second in command during his administration , who was then elected governor . In the 116th Congress , she is a co-chair of the House moderate Republican faction , the Tuesday Group , alongside John Katko and Fred Upton . She is also recruitment chair for the National Republican Congressional Committee . On June 14 , 2019 , Brooks announced that she would not run for reelection to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2020 . Early life , education , and early law career . Brooks was born to Robert and Marilyn Wiant in Fort Wayne , Indiana . She was raised in Fort Wayne and graduated from Homestead High School . She earned a B.A . degree from Miami University , Ohio , where she was a part of the sorority Alpha Omicron Pi , and her J.D . degree from the Indiana University Robert H . McKinney School of Law . She practiced criminal defense law from 1985 to 1997 . Deputy Mayor of Indianapolis ( 1998–1999 ) . She was appointed by Mayor Steve Goldsmith in 1998 to be deputy mayor . She monitored the police , fire , and emergency response activities . She focused on crime , the criminal justice system , and social welfare issues . She served on the following boards : - Marion County Community Corrections - Indianapolis Downtown , Inc . - Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership - Greater Indianapolis Progress Committee - Race Relations Leadership Network Committee - Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis Board of Advisors - Marion County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council - United Way Strategic Planning Committee - Clarian Healths Community Plunge Steering Committee - Employers Against Domestic Violence Initiative Ice Miller ( 1999–2001 ) . After she was deputy mayor , she joined the Indianapolis-based law firm of Ice Miller in the Government Services Practice Group . In 1999 , she was named Influential Woman of Indianapolis . That year , she also earned a spot on Indianapolis Business Journals 40 under 40 list in 1999 . U.S . Attorney ( 2001–2007 ) . In 2001 , President George W . Bush appointed her as U.S . Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana . She earned an advisory-leadership role with two U.S . Attorneys General . She focused on mortgage fraud , gun violence , drug trafficking , gangs , child exploitation , and identity theft . In her first few weeks in office , she charged Dr . Randolph Lievertz of Indianapolis with illegally prescribing OxyContin . She said he was by far the biggest prescriber of that drug under Indianas Medicaid program . In 2000 , he prescribed six times more than the amount of Indianas second highest prescriber of Oxy . She earned the Whos Who in Law in 2002 , Super Lawyer from 2004 to 2008 , and Indiana Lawyer Leadership in 2006 . Ivy Tech Community College ( 2007–2011 ) . In October 2007 , she decided to resign her position as U.S . Attorney to become general counsel and senior vice president for workforce and economic development at the Ivy Tech Community College . According to their website , She is responsible for the leadership , direction and development of Ivy Techs statewide strategies and programming in workforce development . She is an integral part of the states strategic initiative to develop a trained workforce to attract and retain businesses in an effort to bolster the economic viability of the state . In 2007 , she earned the Sagamore of the Wabash . In 2008 , she earned the Touchstone Award and for the second time earned Influential Woman of Indianapolis . In 2011 , she also earned for the second time the Whos Who in Law . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 When she was U.S . Attorney , her Southern District covered two-thirds of Indiana , including the majority of the newly redrawn 5th District , after 2011 redistricting . Fifteen-term Republican U.S . Congressman Dan Burton decided to retire . Brooks entered a crowded seven-way primary—the real contest in this strongly Republican district . She had actually entered the race before Burtons retirement . New Jersey Governor and former U.S . Attorney Chris Christie endorsed and fundraised for Brooks . In May 2012 , she won the Republican primary with 30% of the vote , just one point ahead of the second-place finisher and former U.S . Congressman David McIntosh . With Brooks election in November 2012 , she became the second Republican woman elected to Congress from Indiana alongside Jackie Walorski ( the last having been Cecil Harden , who served from 1949 to 1959 ) and sixth overall ( Democrats having previously elected four : Virginia Jenckes from 1933 to 1939 ; Katie Hall from 1982 to 1985 ; Jill L . Long from 1989 to 1995 and Julia Carson from 1997 until her death in 2007 ) . Brooks won the 2012 election , defeating Democrat Scott Reske with 58% of the vote . - 2014 Brookss vote to end the October 2013 government shutdown led members of the Tea Party to support David Stockdales campaign for her seat . In the primary election on May 6 , Brooks defeated Stockdale and his fellow challenger , David Campbell , winning 73% of the vote . On November 4 , Brooks won the general election with 65% of the vote , defeating Democrat Shawn Denney and Libertarian John Krom . Brooks was held to 56 percent of the vote to Democrat Dee Thorntons 43 percent of the vote . It was the first time a Democrat had managed even 40 percent of the vote in the district since it assumed its present configuration as a north suburban district in 1983 ( it was numbered as the 6th from 1983 to 2003 , and has been the 5th since 2003 ) . - 2020 Brooks announced on June 14 , 2019 , that she will be retiring from Congress at the end of the current session and will not seek re-election . She retained her role as recruitment chairman for the Republican National Congressional Committee for the 2020 election . Committee assignments . - Energy and Commerce Committee - Subcommittee on Health - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Manufacturing & Trade - Committee on Ethics - House Select Committee on the Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi - Republican Study Committee - Bipartisan Congressional Caucus for Womens Issues Caucus memberships . - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus Legislation . On December 19 , 2017 , Brooks voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 . On May 4 , 2017 , Brooks voted for the American Health Care Act , reversing her position of February 2017 , when she claimed to oppose taking insurance from people with preexisting conditions . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 , bipartisan legislation that will dramatically transform and enhance the nations ability to respond to current and emerging biothreats . This legislation reforms our nations medical countermeasure acquisition process , incentivizes research to combat the next generation of deadly diseases , and increases accountability of preparedness spending . It is one of the legislative proposals highlighted by the bipartisan Blue Ribbon Panel Study on Biodefense as an important step towards shoring up our national security and preparedness for biothreats . On June 17 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Heroin and Prescription Opioid Abuse Prevention , Education , and Enforcement Act of 2015 , H.R . 2805 , which targets several areas of need critical to reducing the number of painkiller and heroin overdose deaths each year . The legislation will establish a working group to develop new guidance and best practices for members of the medical community , reauthorize prescription drug monitoring programs ( PDMP ) critical to local law enforcement efforts , increase access to life-saving Naloxone and raise public , provider , and patient awareness of opioid drugs . It is the companion bill to S . 1134 , legislation introduced by Senators Joe Donnelly ( D-IN ) and Kelly Ayotte ( R-NH ) in April 2015 . On March 14 , 2014 , Brooks introduced the Social Media Working Group Act of 2014 ( H.R . 4263 , 113th Congress ) ; H.R . 623 , 114th Congress ) , a bill that would direct the United States Secretary of Homeland Security to establish within the United States Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) a social media working group to provide guidance and best practices to the emergency preparedness and response community on the use of social media technologies before , during , and after a terrorist attack . This legislation was reintroduced in 2015 , and became law in November 2015 . On March 18 , 2014 , Rep . Brooks introduced the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act ( H.R . 4275 ; 113th Congress ) . The bill would allow some charities , schools , and volunteer organizations to remain exempt from pension plan rules under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) and the Internal Revenue Code . Brooks argued that the bill was needed because some charities , schools and cooperatives are actually shutting down summer camps , cutting back on services to the community , or raising prices just to meet their pension obligations . The bill passed the House on March 24 , 2014 . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced , along with Rep . Anna Eshoo , the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 . The bill would streamline government decisions and provide incentives for vaccines and treatment of dangerous pathogens and diseases . Brooks sponsored the bill in response to a report released in October 2015 by the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense . Brooks was ranked as the 44th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the first session of the 115th United States Congress by the Bipartisan Index , created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy to assess congressional bipartisanship . She is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership . In February 2018 , Brooks along with U.S . Rep . Anna Eshoo ( D-CA ) founded a new bipartisan caucus called the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . The group will work to focus in improving the preparedness of the United States to respond to a pandemic or chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats . Brooks and Eshoo launched the caucus during a reception in Washington with more than 50 attendees from Congress and the biodefense industry . Political positions . Susan Brooks was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership which presented what it described as centrist Republican policies and also described as a moderately conservative Congressional caucus . The non-partisan National Journal gave her a composite ideological rating of 78% conservative and 22% liberal . She has a lifetime 72% conservative score from the American Conservative Union . Fiscal . On fiscal issues , Brooks has an 85% lifetime rating from the fiscally conservative Americans for Prosperity . In 2015 , she was the only Indiana Republican in the House to vote for a bipartisan continuing resolution to fund the federal government . Social issues . On social issues , Brooks is pro-life and opposes abortion . She has a 100% rating from the National Right to Life Committee , which opposes legal abortion ; she also supports gun rights and has a grade from the National Rifle Association . Brooks is supportive of LGBT rights . In May 2019 , she voted for the Equality Act , which prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity . Brooks joined seven other Republicans and 228 Democrats in supporting the legislation , which passed the U.S . House of Representatives during the 116th United States Congress . Legalized marijuana . Regarding marijuana policy , Brooks has a D rating from NORML for her voting history regarding cannabis-related causes . Brooks opposes veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their Veterans Health Administration doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence . Sexual harassment . Brooks is opposed to any sexual harassment , whether in the workplace or out of the workplace . In a 2017 interview , she said that she had not personally experienced sexual harassment . She described the harassment allegations against Donald Trump as personally disgusting . She describes the federal process for investigating sexual harassment in federal workplaces as not...as effective as it should be . She supports creating an ombudsman or advocates office to handle reports , which would also provide a counselor to each victim . Biodefense . Brooks believes the U.S . is underprepared to fight bioterrorism and respond to other biological threats . She has introduced legislation that increases funding for federal biodefense activities . According to Brooks : ISIS and other terrorist groups are trying to get chemical and biological weapons ; the U.S . is vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics ; and the U.S . is more reactive than proactive when it comes to biological threats . The Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense released a report in 2015 that concluded that the countrys biodefense efforts needed to be improved . It gave 39 specific actionable recommendations . To help implement some of these recommendations , Brooks introduced H.R . 3299 - the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act , along with Congresswoman Anna Eschoo . The bill incentivizes the development of vaccines for pathogens identified as dangerous by the U.S . Department of Homeland Security . The bill was signed into law as part of the 21st Century Cures Act . In March 2018 , Brooks and Anna Eschoo launched the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . Within a week , the caucus had 21 Members of Congress as members . The caucus is “dedicated to strengthening our nations biodefense enterprise and national security.” The caucus will focus on chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats and pandemic outbreaks . Donald Trump . In July 2019 , Brooks was one of four Republican House members to vote in support of a motion to condemn remarks by President Trump made on Twitter calling on Progressive Democrat Congresswomen who originally came from countries that are described as failing to go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came . Personal life . She resides in Carmel , Indiana with her husband , David , and their two children . She is Catholic . |
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] | easy | Where was Susan Brooks educated from 1982 to 1985? | /wiki/Susan_Brooks#P69#2 | Susan Brooks Susan Lynn Wiant Brooks ( born August 25 , 1960 ) is an American prosecutor and politician . She is a Republican and the former U.S . Representative for . She was elected in 2012 . The district includes the northern fifth of Indianapolis , as well as many of the citys affluent northern and eastern suburbs . Brooks served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana from 2001 to 2007 . She was a candidate to replace Mike Pence in the 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election after he withdrew from the race to be Donald Trumps running mate in the 2016 U.S . presidential election . However , Indiana Republicans gave the nomination to Eric Holcomb , Indianas lieutenant governor and Pences second in command during his administration , who was then elected governor . In the 116th Congress , she is a co-chair of the House moderate Republican faction , the Tuesday Group , alongside John Katko and Fred Upton . She is also recruitment chair for the National Republican Congressional Committee . On June 14 , 2019 , Brooks announced that she would not run for reelection to the U.S . House of Representatives in 2020 . Early life , education , and early law career . Brooks was born to Robert and Marilyn Wiant in Fort Wayne , Indiana . She was raised in Fort Wayne and graduated from Homestead High School . She earned a B.A . degree from Miami University , Ohio , where she was a part of the sorority Alpha Omicron Pi , and her J.D . degree from the Indiana University Robert H . McKinney School of Law . She practiced criminal defense law from 1985 to 1997 . Deputy Mayor of Indianapolis ( 1998–1999 ) . She was appointed by Mayor Steve Goldsmith in 1998 to be deputy mayor . She monitored the police , fire , and emergency response activities . She focused on crime , the criminal justice system , and social welfare issues . She served on the following boards : - Marion County Community Corrections - Indianapolis Downtown , Inc . - Indianapolis Violence Reduction Partnership - Greater Indianapolis Progress Committee - Race Relations Leadership Network Committee - Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis Board of Advisors - Marion County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council - United Way Strategic Planning Committee - Clarian Healths Community Plunge Steering Committee - Employers Against Domestic Violence Initiative Ice Miller ( 1999–2001 ) . After she was deputy mayor , she joined the Indianapolis-based law firm of Ice Miller in the Government Services Practice Group . In 1999 , she was named Influential Woman of Indianapolis . That year , she also earned a spot on Indianapolis Business Journals 40 under 40 list in 1999 . U.S . Attorney ( 2001–2007 ) . In 2001 , President George W . Bush appointed her as U.S . Attorney for the Southern District of Indiana . She earned an advisory-leadership role with two U.S . Attorneys General . She focused on mortgage fraud , gun violence , drug trafficking , gangs , child exploitation , and identity theft . In her first few weeks in office , she charged Dr . Randolph Lievertz of Indianapolis with illegally prescribing OxyContin . She said he was by far the biggest prescriber of that drug under Indianas Medicaid program . In 2000 , he prescribed six times more than the amount of Indianas second highest prescriber of Oxy . She earned the Whos Who in Law in 2002 , Super Lawyer from 2004 to 2008 , and Indiana Lawyer Leadership in 2006 . Ivy Tech Community College ( 2007–2011 ) . In October 2007 , she decided to resign her position as U.S . Attorney to become general counsel and senior vice president for workforce and economic development at the Ivy Tech Community College . According to their website , She is responsible for the leadership , direction and development of Ivy Techs statewide strategies and programming in workforce development . She is an integral part of the states strategic initiative to develop a trained workforce to attract and retain businesses in an effort to bolster the economic viability of the state . In 2007 , she earned the Sagamore of the Wabash . In 2008 , she earned the Touchstone Award and for the second time earned Influential Woman of Indianapolis . In 2011 , she also earned for the second time the Whos Who in Law . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . - 2012 When she was U.S . Attorney , her Southern District covered two-thirds of Indiana , including the majority of the newly redrawn 5th District , after 2011 redistricting . Fifteen-term Republican U.S . Congressman Dan Burton decided to retire . Brooks entered a crowded seven-way primary—the real contest in this strongly Republican district . She had actually entered the race before Burtons retirement . New Jersey Governor and former U.S . Attorney Chris Christie endorsed and fundraised for Brooks . In May 2012 , she won the Republican primary with 30% of the vote , just one point ahead of the second-place finisher and former U.S . Congressman David McIntosh . With Brooks election in November 2012 , she became the second Republican woman elected to Congress from Indiana alongside Jackie Walorski ( the last having been Cecil Harden , who served from 1949 to 1959 ) and sixth overall ( Democrats having previously elected four : Virginia Jenckes from 1933 to 1939 ; Katie Hall from 1982 to 1985 ; Jill L . Long from 1989 to 1995 and Julia Carson from 1997 until her death in 2007 ) . Brooks won the 2012 election , defeating Democrat Scott Reske with 58% of the vote . - 2014 Brookss vote to end the October 2013 government shutdown led members of the Tea Party to support David Stockdales campaign for her seat . In the primary election on May 6 , Brooks defeated Stockdale and his fellow challenger , David Campbell , winning 73% of the vote . On November 4 , Brooks won the general election with 65% of the vote , defeating Democrat Shawn Denney and Libertarian John Krom . Brooks was held to 56 percent of the vote to Democrat Dee Thorntons 43 percent of the vote . It was the first time a Democrat had managed even 40 percent of the vote in the district since it assumed its present configuration as a north suburban district in 1983 ( it was numbered as the 6th from 1983 to 2003 , and has been the 5th since 2003 ) . - 2020 Brooks announced on June 14 , 2019 , that she will be retiring from Congress at the end of the current session and will not seek re-election . She retained her role as recruitment chairman for the Republican National Congressional Committee for the 2020 election . Committee assignments . - Energy and Commerce Committee - Subcommittee on Health - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Subcommittee on Commerce , Manufacturing & Trade - Committee on Ethics - House Select Committee on the Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi - Republican Study Committee - Bipartisan Congressional Caucus for Womens Issues Caucus memberships . - Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus Legislation . On December 19 , 2017 , Brooks voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 . On May 4 , 2017 , Brooks voted for the American Health Care Act , reversing her position of February 2017 , when she claimed to oppose taking insurance from people with preexisting conditions . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 , bipartisan legislation that will dramatically transform and enhance the nations ability to respond to current and emerging biothreats . This legislation reforms our nations medical countermeasure acquisition process , incentivizes research to combat the next generation of deadly diseases , and increases accountability of preparedness spending . It is one of the legislative proposals highlighted by the bipartisan Blue Ribbon Panel Study on Biodefense as an important step towards shoring up our national security and preparedness for biothreats . On June 17 , 2015 , Brooks introduced the Heroin and Prescription Opioid Abuse Prevention , Education , and Enforcement Act of 2015 , H.R . 2805 , which targets several areas of need critical to reducing the number of painkiller and heroin overdose deaths each year . The legislation will establish a working group to develop new guidance and best practices for members of the medical community , reauthorize prescription drug monitoring programs ( PDMP ) critical to local law enforcement efforts , increase access to life-saving Naloxone and raise public , provider , and patient awareness of opioid drugs . It is the companion bill to S . 1134 , legislation introduced by Senators Joe Donnelly ( D-IN ) and Kelly Ayotte ( R-NH ) in April 2015 . On March 14 , 2014 , Brooks introduced the Social Media Working Group Act of 2014 ( H.R . 4263 , 113th Congress ) ; H.R . 623 , 114th Congress ) , a bill that would direct the United States Secretary of Homeland Security to establish within the United States Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) a social media working group to provide guidance and best practices to the emergency preparedness and response community on the use of social media technologies before , during , and after a terrorist attack . This legislation was reintroduced in 2015 , and became law in November 2015 . On March 18 , 2014 , Rep . Brooks introduced the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act ( H.R . 4275 ; 113th Congress ) . The bill would allow some charities , schools , and volunteer organizations to remain exempt from pension plan rules under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( ERISA ) and the Internal Revenue Code . Brooks argued that the bill was needed because some charities , schools and cooperatives are actually shutting down summer camps , cutting back on services to the community , or raising prices just to meet their pension obligations . The bill passed the House on March 24 , 2014 . On July 29 , 2015 , Brooks introduced , along with Rep . Anna Eshoo , the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act of 2015 , H.R . 3299 . The bill would streamline government decisions and provide incentives for vaccines and treatment of dangerous pathogens and diseases . Brooks sponsored the bill in response to a report released in October 2015 by the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense . Brooks was ranked as the 44th most bipartisan member of the U.S . House of Representatives during the first session of the 115th United States Congress by the Bipartisan Index , created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy to assess congressional bipartisanship . She is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership . In February 2018 , Brooks along with U.S . Rep . Anna Eshoo ( D-CA ) founded a new bipartisan caucus called the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . The group will work to focus in improving the preparedness of the United States to respond to a pandemic or chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats . Brooks and Eshoo launched the caucus during a reception in Washington with more than 50 attendees from Congress and the biodefense industry . Political positions . Susan Brooks was a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership which presented what it described as centrist Republican policies and also described as a moderately conservative Congressional caucus . The non-partisan National Journal gave her a composite ideological rating of 78% conservative and 22% liberal . She has a lifetime 72% conservative score from the American Conservative Union . Fiscal . On fiscal issues , Brooks has an 85% lifetime rating from the fiscally conservative Americans for Prosperity . In 2015 , she was the only Indiana Republican in the House to vote for a bipartisan continuing resolution to fund the federal government . Social issues . On social issues , Brooks is pro-life and opposes abortion . She has a 100% rating from the National Right to Life Committee , which opposes legal abortion ; she also supports gun rights and has a grade from the National Rifle Association . Brooks is supportive of LGBT rights . In May 2019 , she voted for the Equality Act , which prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity . Brooks joined seven other Republicans and 228 Democrats in supporting the legislation , which passed the U.S . House of Representatives during the 116th United States Congress . Legalized marijuana . Regarding marijuana policy , Brooks has a D rating from NORML for her voting history regarding cannabis-related causes . Brooks opposes veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their Veterans Health Administration doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence . Sexual harassment . Brooks is opposed to any sexual harassment , whether in the workplace or out of the workplace . In a 2017 interview , she said that she had not personally experienced sexual harassment . She described the harassment allegations against Donald Trump as personally disgusting . She describes the federal process for investigating sexual harassment in federal workplaces as not...as effective as it should be . She supports creating an ombudsman or advocates office to handle reports , which would also provide a counselor to each victim . Biodefense . Brooks believes the U.S . is underprepared to fight bioterrorism and respond to other biological threats . She has introduced legislation that increases funding for federal biodefense activities . According to Brooks : ISIS and other terrorist groups are trying to get chemical and biological weapons ; the U.S . is vulnerable to epidemics and pandemics ; and the U.S . is more reactive than proactive when it comes to biological threats . The Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense released a report in 2015 that concluded that the countrys biodefense efforts needed to be improved . It gave 39 specific actionable recommendations . To help implement some of these recommendations , Brooks introduced H.R . 3299 - the Strengthening Public Health Emergency Response Act , along with Congresswoman Anna Eschoo . The bill incentivizes the development of vaccines for pathogens identified as dangerous by the U.S . Department of Homeland Security . The bill was signed into law as part of the 21st Century Cures Act . In March 2018 , Brooks and Anna Eschoo launched the Congressional Biodefense Caucus . Within a week , the caucus had 21 Members of Congress as members . The caucus is “dedicated to strengthening our nations biodefense enterprise and national security.” The caucus will focus on chemical , biological , radiological , and nuclear ( CBRN ) threats and pandemic outbreaks . Donald Trump . In July 2019 , Brooks was one of four Republican House members to vote in support of a motion to condemn remarks by President Trump made on Twitter calling on Progressive Democrat Congresswomen who originally came from countries that are described as failing to go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came . Personal life . She resides in Carmel , Indiana with her husband , David , and their two children . She is Catholic . |
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] | easy | What position did Bryan Magee take from Feb 1974 to Sep 1974? | /wiki/Bryan_Magee#P39#0 | Bryan Magee Bryan Edgar Magee ( ; 12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019 ) was a British philosopher , broadcaster , politician and author , best known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience . Early life . Born of working-class parents in Hoxton , London , in 1930 , within a few hundred yards of where his paternal grandparents were born , Magee was brought up in a flat above the family clothes shop , where he shared a bed with his elder sister , Joan . He was close to his father but had a difficult relationship with his abusive and overbearing mother . He was evacuated to Market Harborough in Leicestershire , during World War II , but when he returned to London , much of Hoxton had been bombed flat . Magee was educated at Christs Hospital school on a London County Council scholarship . During this formative period , he developed a keen interest in socialist politics , while during the school holidays he enjoyed listening to political orators at Speakers Corner , Hyde Park , London , as well as regular visits to the theatre and concerts . During his National Service he served in the British Army and in the Intelligence Corps seeking possible spies among the refugees crossing the border between Yugoslavia and Austria . After demobilisation he won a scholarship to Keble College , Oxford , where he studied History as an undergraduate and then Philosophy , Politics and Economics in one year . His friends at Oxford included Robin Day , William Rees-Mogg , Jeremy Thorpe and Michael Heseltine . While at university , Magee was elected president of the Oxford Union . He later became an honorary fellow at Keble College . At Oxford , Magee had mixed with poets as well as politicians and in 1951 published a volume of verse through the Fortune Press . The publisher did not pay its writers and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies . The slim volume was dedicated to the memory of Richard Wagner , with a quote from Rilkes Duino Elegies : .. . das Schöne ist nichts als des Schrecklichen Anfang , den wir noch grade ertragen ( .. . beauty is nothing but the beginning of terror , that we are still able to bear ) . Magee said later : Im rather ashamed of the poems now , although I have written poems since which I havent published , which I secretly think are rather good . It has always been a dimension of what I do . ( Later he would also publish fiction , including a spy novel To Live in Danger in 1960 and then a long work Facing Death . The latter , initially composed in the 1960s but not published until 1977 , would be shortlisted for an award by The Yorkshire Post ) . In 1955 he began a year studying philosophy at Yale University on a postgraduate fellowship . He had expected to hate America but found that he loved it . His deep admiration of the countrys equality of opportunity was expressed in a swift series of books , Go West , Young Man ( 1958 ) , The New Radicalism ( 1963 ) and The Democratic Revolution ( 1964 ) . Politician . Magee returned to Britain with hopes of becoming a Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) . He twice stood unsuccessfully for Mid Bedfordshire , at the 1959 general election and the 1960 by-election , and instead took a job presenting the ITV current affairs television programme This Week . He made documentary programmes about subjects of social concern such as prostitution , sexually transmitted diseases , abortion and homosexuality ( illegal in Britain at the time ) . Interviewed in 2003 , Magee said : British society was illiberal in a number of areas that are now taken for granted.. . Roy Jenkins changed them and he was bitterly opposed by the Tories . But if you were liberal with a small L there was a menu of social change and I believed very strongly in that whole liberal agenda . He was eventually elected MP for Leyton at the February 1974 general election , but found himself out of tune with the Labour Partys direction under Michael Foot . On 22 January 1982 he resigned the Labour whip and in March joined the defection of centrist Labour MPs to the newly founded Social Democratic Party . He lost his seat at the 1983 general election . Magee returned to writing and broadcasting which , indeed , he had continued during his parliamentary career and would also serve on various boards and committees . He notably resigned as chairman of the Arts Council music panel in 1994 in protest at funding cuts . He also returned to scholarship at Oxford , first as a fellow at Wolfson , then at New College . He also found more time to write classical music reviews and worked on his own compositions . He admitted that , while his own work was whistleable , it was also inherently sentimental . Interviewed in 2003 , Oxford contemporary William Rees-Mogg recalled we never knew which way Bryan would jump . And as his life later demonstrated , there was always a question of whether he was basically at heart an intellectual or someone interested in public life . So it wasnt a surprise that he went into public life , but the intellectual was really the predominant element in his personality and the books seemed to represent the real Bryan more than the political activity did . Broadcaster and writer . Interviews with philosophers . Magees most important influence in popular culture were his efforts to make philosophy accessible to the layman . In 1970–71 he presented a series for BBC Radio 3 entitled Conversations with Philosophers . The series took the form of Magee in conversation with a number of contemporary British philosophers , discussing both their own work , and the work of earlier 20th-century British philosophers . The series began with an introductory conversation between Magee and Anthony Quinton . Other programmes included discussions on Bertrand Russell , G . E . Moore and J . L . Austin , Ludwig Wittgenstein , and the relationship between philosophy and religion , among others . Extracts of each of the conversations were printed in The Listener shortly after broadcast . And extensively revised versions of all the discussions would be made available in the 1971 book Modern British Philosophy . Karl Popper would appear in the series twice and Magee would soon after write an introductory book on his philosophy that was first published in 1973 . In 1978 Magee presented 15 dialogues with noted philosophers for BBC Television in a series called Men of Ideas . This was a series that , as noted in The Daily Telegraph , achieved the near-impossible feat of presenting to a mass audience recondite issues of philosophy without compromising intellectual integrity or losing ratings and attracted a steady one million viewers per show . Following an Introduction to Philosophy , presented by Magee in discussion with Isaiah Berlin , Magee discussed topics like Marxist philosophy , the Frankfurt School , the ideas of Noam Chomsky and modern Existentialism in subsequent episodes . During the broadcast run , edited shorter versions of the discussions were published weekly in The Listener magazine . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues within the Men of Ideas series ( which featured Iris Murdoch ) were originally published in a book of the same name that is now sold under the title of Talking Philosophy . DVDs of the series are sold to academic institutions with the title Contemporary Philosophy . Neither this series nor its 1987 sequel are available for purchase by home users but most of the episodes are freely available on Youtube . Another BBC television series , The Great Philosophers , followed in 1987 . In this series , Magee discussed the major historical figures of Western philosophy with fifteen contemporary philosophers . The series covered the philosophies of Plato , Aristotle , and Descartes , among others , including a discussion with Peter Singer on the philosophy of Marx and Hegel , and ending with a discussion with John Searle on the philosophy of Wittgenstein . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues were published in a book of the same name that was published that same year . Magees 1998 book The Story of Thought ( also published as The Story of Philosophy ) would also cover the history of Western philosophy . Between the two series , Magee released the first edition of the work he regarded as closest to his academic magnum opus : The Philosophy of Schopenhauer ( first published in 1983 , substantially revised and extended , 1997 ) . This remains one of the most substantial and wide-ranging treatments of the thinker and assesses in-depth Schopenhauers influence on Wittgenstein , Wagner and other creative writers . Magee also addresses Schopenhauers thoughts on homosexuality and the influence of Buddhism on his thought . Later work and interest in Wagner . In 1997 Magees Confessions of a Philosopher was published . This essentially offered an introduction to philosophy in autobiographical form . The book was involved in a libel lawsuit as a result of Magee repeating the rumour that Ralph Schoenman , a controversial associate of Bertrand Russell during the philosophers final decade , had been planted by the CIA in an effort to discredit Russell . Schoenman successfully sued Magee for libel in the UK , with the result that the first printing of the British edition of the book was pulped . A second defamation suit , filed in California against Random House , was settled in 2001 . The allegations were expunged by settlement , and a new edition was issued and provided to more than 700 academic and public libraries . In Confessions of a Philosopher , Magee charts his own philosophical development in an autobiographical context . He also emphasizes the importance of Schopenhauers philosophy as a serious attempt to solve philosophical problems . In addition to this , he launches a critique of analytic philosophy , particularly in its linguistic form over three chapters , contesting its fundamental principles and lamenting its influence . Magee had a particular interest in the life , thought and music of Richard Wagner and wrote two notable books on the composer and his world , Aspects of Wagner ( 1968 ; rev . 1988 ) , and The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy ( 2001 ) . In Aspects of Wagner Magee outlines the range and depth of Wagners achievement , and shows how his sensational and erotic music expresses the repressed and highly charged contents of the psyche . He also examines Wagners detailed stage directions , and the prose works in which he formulated his ideas , and sheds interesting new light on his anti-semitism . The revised edition includes a fresh chapter on Wagner as Music . In 2016 , approaching his 86th birthday , Magee had his book Ultimate Questions published by Princeton University . Writing in The Independent , Julian Baggini said Magee doesnt always match his clarity of expression with rigour of argument , sometimes ignoring his own principle that the feeling Yes , surely this must be right is not a validation , not even a credential . But this can be excused . Plato and Aristotle claimed that philosophy begins with wonder . Magee is proof that for some , the wonder never dies , it only deepens . In 2018 Magee , who was then living in one room in a nursing hospital in Oxford , was interviewed by Jason Cowley of New Statesman and discussed his life and his 2016 book Ultimate Questions . Magee said that he believed he lacked originality and , until Ultimate Questions , had struggled to make an original contribution to philosophy , saying : Popper had this originality , Russell had it , and Einstein had it in spades . Einstein created a way of seeing things which transformed the way we see the world and the way we even understand such fundamental things as time and space . And I fundamentally understand that I could never do that , never . I wish I was in that class – not because I want to be a clever chap but because I want to do things that are at a much better level than Ive done them . He explained that he followed the news and politics closely and that he considered the vote for Brexit to have been a historic mistake . Personal life . In 1953 , Magee was appointed to a teaching job in Sweden and while there met Ingrid Söderlund , a pharmacist in the university laboratory . They married and had one daughter , Gunnela and , in time , three grandchildren . Magee later said : The marriage broke up pretty quickly and it was a fairly disastrous period of my life . I came back to Oxford as a postgraduate . But since then Sweden has been a part of my life . I go there every year and my daughter visits me . I always assumed that sooner or later Id get married again but it never quite happened , although I had some very long relationships . And now I dont want to get married again . I like the freedom . His memoir , Clouds of Glory : A Hoxton Childhood , won the J . R . Ackerley Prize for Autobiography in 2004 . Death . Magee died on 26 July 2019 , at the age of 89 , at St Lukes Hospital in Headington , Oxford . He is survived by his Swedish daughter Gunnela and her children and grandchildren . His funeral took place on 15 August . The last of Magees books to be published during his lifetime – Making the Most of It ( 2018 ) – closes : A celebration of his life was held in the chapel of Keble College , Oxford , on 29 October 2019 . The event was opened by Sir Jonathan Phillips , Warden of Keble College , and was introduced by Magees executor , the academic , author and editor Henry Hardy . It included audio and video clips of Magee , music chosen by him and played by the Amherst Sextet , and addresses by David Owen and Simon Callow . The music choices were the sextet from Strausss Capriccio , the largo from Elgars Serenade for Strings and the prelude to Wagners Tristan und Isolde . The addresses by Owen and Callow were published together with a notice of Magees life by Hardy in the Oldie . Filmography . Television . - Men of Ideas ( BBC , 1978 ) , host - Thinking Aloud ( 1984-1985 ) , host - The Great Philosophers ( BBC , 1987 ) , host Bibliography . Books . - Crucifixion and Other Poems , 1951 , Fortune Press , ASIN : B0039UQCKK - Go West , Young Man , Eyre And Spottiswoode , 1958 , - To Live in Danger , Hutchinson , 1960 ( softcover Random House ) - The New Radicalism , Secker & Warburg , 1962 , ASIN B0006D7RZW - The Democratic Revolution , Bodley Head , 1964 , - Towards 2000 : The world we make , Macdonald & Co , 1965 , ASIN B0000CMK0Y - One in Twenty : A Study of Homosexuality in Men and Women , Stein and Day , 1966 . ( later published as The Gays Among Us ) - The Television Interviewer , Macdonald , 1966 , ASIN B0000CN1D4 - Aspects of Wagner , Secker and Warburg , 1968 ; rev . 2nd ed , 1988 , Oxford University Press , 1988 , - Modern British Philosophy , Secker and Warburg , 1971 , ; Oxford University Press , [ Available for loan on Internet Archive ] - Karl Popper , Penguin , 1973 , ( Viking Press , ; also titled Popper , and later titled Philosophy and the Real World , 1985 ) - Facing Death , William Kimber & Co . Ltd. , 1977 , - Men of Ideas : Some Creators of Contemporary Philosophy , Oxford University Press , 1978 ( later titled Talking Philosophy : Dialogues With Fifteen Leading Philosophers ) - The Philosophy of Schopenhauer , Oxford University Press , 1983 ( revised and expanded , 1997 ) , - The Great Philosophers : An Introduction to Western Philosophy , BBC Books 1987 , Oxford University Press , 2000 , - On Blindness : Letters between Bryan Magee and Martin Milligan , Oxford University Press , 1996 , ( also published as Sight Unseen , Phoenix House , 1998 , ) - Confessions of a Philosopher , Random House , 1997 , reprinted 1998 , - The Story of Thought : The Essential Guide to the History of Western Philosophy , The Quality Paperback Bookclub , 1998 , ( later titled The Story of Philosophy , 2001 , ) - Wagner and Philosophy , Penguin , 2001 , ( also published as The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy , Owl Books , 2001 ) - Clouds of Glory , Pimlico , 2004 , - Growing up in a War , Pimlico , 2007 , - Ultimate Questions , Princeton University Press , 2016 , - Making the Most of It , Studio 28 , 2018 , Journal articles . At JSTOR - free to read online with registration : - Richard Wagner Died 13 February 1883 . Producing a New Ring The Musical Times , vol . 124 , no . 1680 , 1983 , pp . 86–89 . [ Interview with Peter Hall ] - Schopenhauer and Professor Hamlyn Philosophy , vol . 60 , no . 233 , 1985 , pp . 389–391 . - A Note on J . L . Austin and the Drama . Philosophy , vol . 74 , no . 287 , 1999 , pp . 119–121 . - What I Believe Philosophy , vol . 77 , no . 301 , 2002 , pp . 407–419. . - Philosophys Neglect of the Arts Philosophy , vol . 80 , no . 313 , 2005 , pp . 413–422 . - The Secret of Tristan and Isolde Philosophy , vol . 82 , no . 320 , 2007 , pp . 339–346 . - Intimations of Mortality Philosophy , vol . 86 , no . 335 , 2011 , pp . 31–39 . External links . Obituaries . - Bryan Magee - Obituary by Henry Hardy for Wolfson College ( 26 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , author , broadcaster , MP and academic with an unsurpassed ability to render complex philosophical ideas easily digestible . The Telegraph ( 26 July 2019 ) . - Bryan Magee , Who Brought Philosophy to British TV , Dies at 89 Obituary by Palko Karasz for The New York Times ( 28 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee : 1930-2019—the champion of philosophical wonderment Obituary by Julian Baggini for Prospect ( 29 July 2019 ) - Obituary : Bryan Magee , MP , presented philosophy programme on Television and Wagner authority The Herald ( 10 August 2019 ) - OBITUARY : Bryan Magee , ex-Oxford Union president and BBC presenter by James Roberts for The Oxford Times ( 15 August 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , philosopher , writer and broadcaster , 1930-2019 by Jonathan Derbyshire for the Financial Times ( 17 August 2019 ) Further resources . - Sense and nonsense Prospect magazine article by Bryan Magee ( 2009 ) - Extracts of Homosexuals ( 1964 ) and Lesbians ( 1965 ) posted on Youtube by the British Film Institute - Photograph of Magee by Sijmen Hendriks , Amsterdam , 2011 - MP3 files of Magees interviews with philosophers - Philosophy : Bryan Magee from Free Thinking , BBC Radio 3 , 2016 - Bryan Magee : a tribute . by David Herman for TheArticle . ( 26 July 2019 ) |
[
""
] | easy | Bryan Magee took which position from Oct 1974 to Apr 1979? | /wiki/Bryan_Magee#P39#1 | Bryan Magee Bryan Edgar Magee ( ; 12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019 ) was a British philosopher , broadcaster , politician and author , best known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience . Early life . Born of working-class parents in Hoxton , London , in 1930 , within a few hundred yards of where his paternal grandparents were born , Magee was brought up in a flat above the family clothes shop , where he shared a bed with his elder sister , Joan . He was close to his father but had a difficult relationship with his abusive and overbearing mother . He was evacuated to Market Harborough in Leicestershire , during World War II , but when he returned to London , much of Hoxton had been bombed flat . Magee was educated at Christs Hospital school on a London County Council scholarship . During this formative period , he developed a keen interest in socialist politics , while during the school holidays he enjoyed listening to political orators at Speakers Corner , Hyde Park , London , as well as regular visits to the theatre and concerts . During his National Service he served in the British Army and in the Intelligence Corps seeking possible spies among the refugees crossing the border between Yugoslavia and Austria . After demobilisation he won a scholarship to Keble College , Oxford , where he studied History as an undergraduate and then Philosophy , Politics and Economics in one year . His friends at Oxford included Robin Day , William Rees-Mogg , Jeremy Thorpe and Michael Heseltine . While at university , Magee was elected president of the Oxford Union . He later became an honorary fellow at Keble College . At Oxford , Magee had mixed with poets as well as politicians and in 1951 published a volume of verse through the Fortune Press . The publisher did not pay its writers and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies . The slim volume was dedicated to the memory of Richard Wagner , with a quote from Rilkes Duino Elegies : .. . das Schöne ist nichts als des Schrecklichen Anfang , den wir noch grade ertragen ( .. . beauty is nothing but the beginning of terror , that we are still able to bear ) . Magee said later : Im rather ashamed of the poems now , although I have written poems since which I havent published , which I secretly think are rather good . It has always been a dimension of what I do . ( Later he would also publish fiction , including a spy novel To Live in Danger in 1960 and then a long work Facing Death . The latter , initially composed in the 1960s but not published until 1977 , would be shortlisted for an award by The Yorkshire Post ) . In 1955 he began a year studying philosophy at Yale University on a postgraduate fellowship . He had expected to hate America but found that he loved it . His deep admiration of the countrys equality of opportunity was expressed in a swift series of books , Go West , Young Man ( 1958 ) , The New Radicalism ( 1963 ) and The Democratic Revolution ( 1964 ) . Politician . Magee returned to Britain with hopes of becoming a Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) . He twice stood unsuccessfully for Mid Bedfordshire , at the 1959 general election and the 1960 by-election , and instead took a job presenting the ITV current affairs television programme This Week . He made documentary programmes about subjects of social concern such as prostitution , sexually transmitted diseases , abortion and homosexuality ( illegal in Britain at the time ) . Interviewed in 2003 , Magee said : British society was illiberal in a number of areas that are now taken for granted.. . Roy Jenkins changed them and he was bitterly opposed by the Tories . But if you were liberal with a small L there was a menu of social change and I believed very strongly in that whole liberal agenda . He was eventually elected MP for Leyton at the February 1974 general election , but found himself out of tune with the Labour Partys direction under Michael Foot . On 22 January 1982 he resigned the Labour whip and in March joined the defection of centrist Labour MPs to the newly founded Social Democratic Party . He lost his seat at the 1983 general election . Magee returned to writing and broadcasting which , indeed , he had continued during his parliamentary career and would also serve on various boards and committees . He notably resigned as chairman of the Arts Council music panel in 1994 in protest at funding cuts . He also returned to scholarship at Oxford , first as a fellow at Wolfson , then at New College . He also found more time to write classical music reviews and worked on his own compositions . He admitted that , while his own work was whistleable , it was also inherently sentimental . Interviewed in 2003 , Oxford contemporary William Rees-Mogg recalled we never knew which way Bryan would jump . And as his life later demonstrated , there was always a question of whether he was basically at heart an intellectual or someone interested in public life . So it wasnt a surprise that he went into public life , but the intellectual was really the predominant element in his personality and the books seemed to represent the real Bryan more than the political activity did . Broadcaster and writer . Interviews with philosophers . Magees most important influence in popular culture were his efforts to make philosophy accessible to the layman . In 1970–71 he presented a series for BBC Radio 3 entitled Conversations with Philosophers . The series took the form of Magee in conversation with a number of contemporary British philosophers , discussing both their own work , and the work of earlier 20th-century British philosophers . The series began with an introductory conversation between Magee and Anthony Quinton . Other programmes included discussions on Bertrand Russell , G . E . Moore and J . L . Austin , Ludwig Wittgenstein , and the relationship between philosophy and religion , among others . Extracts of each of the conversations were printed in The Listener shortly after broadcast . And extensively revised versions of all the discussions would be made available in the 1971 book Modern British Philosophy . Karl Popper would appear in the series twice and Magee would soon after write an introductory book on his philosophy that was first published in 1973 . In 1978 Magee presented 15 dialogues with noted philosophers for BBC Television in a series called Men of Ideas . This was a series that , as noted in The Daily Telegraph , achieved the near-impossible feat of presenting to a mass audience recondite issues of philosophy without compromising intellectual integrity or losing ratings and attracted a steady one million viewers per show . Following an Introduction to Philosophy , presented by Magee in discussion with Isaiah Berlin , Magee discussed topics like Marxist philosophy , the Frankfurt School , the ideas of Noam Chomsky and modern Existentialism in subsequent episodes . During the broadcast run , edited shorter versions of the discussions were published weekly in The Listener magazine . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues within the Men of Ideas series ( which featured Iris Murdoch ) were originally published in a book of the same name that is now sold under the title of Talking Philosophy . DVDs of the series are sold to academic institutions with the title Contemporary Philosophy . Neither this series nor its 1987 sequel are available for purchase by home users but most of the episodes are freely available on Youtube . Another BBC television series , The Great Philosophers , followed in 1987 . In this series , Magee discussed the major historical figures of Western philosophy with fifteen contemporary philosophers . The series covered the philosophies of Plato , Aristotle , and Descartes , among others , including a discussion with Peter Singer on the philosophy of Marx and Hegel , and ending with a discussion with John Searle on the philosophy of Wittgenstein . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues were published in a book of the same name that was published that same year . Magees 1998 book The Story of Thought ( also published as The Story of Philosophy ) would also cover the history of Western philosophy . Between the two series , Magee released the first edition of the work he regarded as closest to his academic magnum opus : The Philosophy of Schopenhauer ( first published in 1983 , substantially revised and extended , 1997 ) . This remains one of the most substantial and wide-ranging treatments of the thinker and assesses in-depth Schopenhauers influence on Wittgenstein , Wagner and other creative writers . Magee also addresses Schopenhauers thoughts on homosexuality and the influence of Buddhism on his thought . Later work and interest in Wagner . In 1997 Magees Confessions of a Philosopher was published . This essentially offered an introduction to philosophy in autobiographical form . The book was involved in a libel lawsuit as a result of Magee repeating the rumour that Ralph Schoenman , a controversial associate of Bertrand Russell during the philosophers final decade , had been planted by the CIA in an effort to discredit Russell . Schoenman successfully sued Magee for libel in the UK , with the result that the first printing of the British edition of the book was pulped . A second defamation suit , filed in California against Random House , was settled in 2001 . The allegations were expunged by settlement , and a new edition was issued and provided to more than 700 academic and public libraries . In Confessions of a Philosopher , Magee charts his own philosophical development in an autobiographical context . He also emphasizes the importance of Schopenhauers philosophy as a serious attempt to solve philosophical problems . In addition to this , he launches a critique of analytic philosophy , particularly in its linguistic form over three chapters , contesting its fundamental principles and lamenting its influence . Magee had a particular interest in the life , thought and music of Richard Wagner and wrote two notable books on the composer and his world , Aspects of Wagner ( 1968 ; rev . 1988 ) , and The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy ( 2001 ) . In Aspects of Wagner Magee outlines the range and depth of Wagners achievement , and shows how his sensational and erotic music expresses the repressed and highly charged contents of the psyche . He also examines Wagners detailed stage directions , and the prose works in which he formulated his ideas , and sheds interesting new light on his anti-semitism . The revised edition includes a fresh chapter on Wagner as Music . In 2016 , approaching his 86th birthday , Magee had his book Ultimate Questions published by Princeton University . Writing in The Independent , Julian Baggini said Magee doesnt always match his clarity of expression with rigour of argument , sometimes ignoring his own principle that the feeling Yes , surely this must be right is not a validation , not even a credential . But this can be excused . Plato and Aristotle claimed that philosophy begins with wonder . Magee is proof that for some , the wonder never dies , it only deepens . In 2018 Magee , who was then living in one room in a nursing hospital in Oxford , was interviewed by Jason Cowley of New Statesman and discussed his life and his 2016 book Ultimate Questions . Magee said that he believed he lacked originality and , until Ultimate Questions , had struggled to make an original contribution to philosophy , saying : Popper had this originality , Russell had it , and Einstein had it in spades . Einstein created a way of seeing things which transformed the way we see the world and the way we even understand such fundamental things as time and space . And I fundamentally understand that I could never do that , never . I wish I was in that class – not because I want to be a clever chap but because I want to do things that are at a much better level than Ive done them . He explained that he followed the news and politics closely and that he considered the vote for Brexit to have been a historic mistake . Personal life . In 1953 , Magee was appointed to a teaching job in Sweden and while there met Ingrid Söderlund , a pharmacist in the university laboratory . They married and had one daughter , Gunnela and , in time , three grandchildren . Magee later said : The marriage broke up pretty quickly and it was a fairly disastrous period of my life . I came back to Oxford as a postgraduate . But since then Sweden has been a part of my life . I go there every year and my daughter visits me . I always assumed that sooner or later Id get married again but it never quite happened , although I had some very long relationships . And now I dont want to get married again . I like the freedom . His memoir , Clouds of Glory : A Hoxton Childhood , won the J . R . Ackerley Prize for Autobiography in 2004 . Death . Magee died on 26 July 2019 , at the age of 89 , at St Lukes Hospital in Headington , Oxford . He is survived by his Swedish daughter Gunnela and her children and grandchildren . His funeral took place on 15 August . The last of Magees books to be published during his lifetime – Making the Most of It ( 2018 ) – closes : A celebration of his life was held in the chapel of Keble College , Oxford , on 29 October 2019 . The event was opened by Sir Jonathan Phillips , Warden of Keble College , and was introduced by Magees executor , the academic , author and editor Henry Hardy . It included audio and video clips of Magee , music chosen by him and played by the Amherst Sextet , and addresses by David Owen and Simon Callow . The music choices were the sextet from Strausss Capriccio , the largo from Elgars Serenade for Strings and the prelude to Wagners Tristan und Isolde . The addresses by Owen and Callow were published together with a notice of Magees life by Hardy in the Oldie . Filmography . Television . - Men of Ideas ( BBC , 1978 ) , host - Thinking Aloud ( 1984-1985 ) , host - The Great Philosophers ( BBC , 1987 ) , host Bibliography . Books . - Crucifixion and Other Poems , 1951 , Fortune Press , ASIN : B0039UQCKK - Go West , Young Man , Eyre And Spottiswoode , 1958 , - To Live in Danger , Hutchinson , 1960 ( softcover Random House ) - The New Radicalism , Secker & Warburg , 1962 , ASIN B0006D7RZW - The Democratic Revolution , Bodley Head , 1964 , - Towards 2000 : The world we make , Macdonald & Co , 1965 , ASIN B0000CMK0Y - One in Twenty : A Study of Homosexuality in Men and Women , Stein and Day , 1966 . ( later published as The Gays Among Us ) - The Television Interviewer , Macdonald , 1966 , ASIN B0000CN1D4 - Aspects of Wagner , Secker and Warburg , 1968 ; rev . 2nd ed , 1988 , Oxford University Press , 1988 , - Modern British Philosophy , Secker and Warburg , 1971 , ; Oxford University Press , [ Available for loan on Internet Archive ] - Karl Popper , Penguin , 1973 , ( Viking Press , ; also titled Popper , and later titled Philosophy and the Real World , 1985 ) - Facing Death , William Kimber & Co . Ltd. , 1977 , - Men of Ideas : Some Creators of Contemporary Philosophy , Oxford University Press , 1978 ( later titled Talking Philosophy : Dialogues With Fifteen Leading Philosophers ) - The Philosophy of Schopenhauer , Oxford University Press , 1983 ( revised and expanded , 1997 ) , - The Great Philosophers : An Introduction to Western Philosophy , BBC Books 1987 , Oxford University Press , 2000 , - On Blindness : Letters between Bryan Magee and Martin Milligan , Oxford University Press , 1996 , ( also published as Sight Unseen , Phoenix House , 1998 , ) - Confessions of a Philosopher , Random House , 1997 , reprinted 1998 , - The Story of Thought : The Essential Guide to the History of Western Philosophy , The Quality Paperback Bookclub , 1998 , ( later titled The Story of Philosophy , 2001 , ) - Wagner and Philosophy , Penguin , 2001 , ( also published as The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy , Owl Books , 2001 ) - Clouds of Glory , Pimlico , 2004 , - Growing up in a War , Pimlico , 2007 , - Ultimate Questions , Princeton University Press , 2016 , - Making the Most of It , Studio 28 , 2018 , Journal articles . At JSTOR - free to read online with registration : - Richard Wagner Died 13 February 1883 . Producing a New Ring The Musical Times , vol . 124 , no . 1680 , 1983 , pp . 86–89 . [ Interview with Peter Hall ] - Schopenhauer and Professor Hamlyn Philosophy , vol . 60 , no . 233 , 1985 , pp . 389–391 . - A Note on J . L . Austin and the Drama . Philosophy , vol . 74 , no . 287 , 1999 , pp . 119–121 . - What I Believe Philosophy , vol . 77 , no . 301 , 2002 , pp . 407–419. . - Philosophys Neglect of the Arts Philosophy , vol . 80 , no . 313 , 2005 , pp . 413–422 . - The Secret of Tristan and Isolde Philosophy , vol . 82 , no . 320 , 2007 , pp . 339–346 . - Intimations of Mortality Philosophy , vol . 86 , no . 335 , 2011 , pp . 31–39 . External links . Obituaries . - Bryan Magee - Obituary by Henry Hardy for Wolfson College ( 26 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , author , broadcaster , MP and academic with an unsurpassed ability to render complex philosophical ideas easily digestible . The Telegraph ( 26 July 2019 ) . - Bryan Magee , Who Brought Philosophy to British TV , Dies at 89 Obituary by Palko Karasz for The New York Times ( 28 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee : 1930-2019—the champion of philosophical wonderment Obituary by Julian Baggini for Prospect ( 29 July 2019 ) - Obituary : Bryan Magee , MP , presented philosophy programme on Television and Wagner authority The Herald ( 10 August 2019 ) - OBITUARY : Bryan Magee , ex-Oxford Union president and BBC presenter by James Roberts for The Oxford Times ( 15 August 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , philosopher , writer and broadcaster , 1930-2019 by Jonathan Derbyshire for the Financial Times ( 17 August 2019 ) Further resources . - Sense and nonsense Prospect magazine article by Bryan Magee ( 2009 ) - Extracts of Homosexuals ( 1964 ) and Lesbians ( 1965 ) posted on Youtube by the British Film Institute - Photograph of Magee by Sijmen Hendriks , Amsterdam , 2011 - MP3 files of Magees interviews with philosophers - Philosophy : Bryan Magee from Free Thinking , BBC Radio 3 , 2016 - Bryan Magee : a tribute . by David Herman for TheArticle . ( 26 July 2019 ) |
[
""
] | easy | Which position did Bryan Magee hold from May 1979 to May 1983? | /wiki/Bryan_Magee#P39#2 | Bryan Magee Bryan Edgar Magee ( ; 12 April 1930 – 26 July 2019 ) was a British philosopher , broadcaster , politician and author , best known for bringing philosophy to a popular audience . Early life . Born of working-class parents in Hoxton , London , in 1930 , within a few hundred yards of where his paternal grandparents were born , Magee was brought up in a flat above the family clothes shop , where he shared a bed with his elder sister , Joan . He was close to his father but had a difficult relationship with his abusive and overbearing mother . He was evacuated to Market Harborough in Leicestershire , during World War II , but when he returned to London , much of Hoxton had been bombed flat . Magee was educated at Christs Hospital school on a London County Council scholarship . During this formative period , he developed a keen interest in socialist politics , while during the school holidays he enjoyed listening to political orators at Speakers Corner , Hyde Park , London , as well as regular visits to the theatre and concerts . During his National Service he served in the British Army and in the Intelligence Corps seeking possible spies among the refugees crossing the border between Yugoslavia and Austria . After demobilisation he won a scholarship to Keble College , Oxford , where he studied History as an undergraduate and then Philosophy , Politics and Economics in one year . His friends at Oxford included Robin Day , William Rees-Mogg , Jeremy Thorpe and Michael Heseltine . While at university , Magee was elected president of the Oxford Union . He later became an honorary fellow at Keble College . At Oxford , Magee had mixed with poets as well as politicians and in 1951 published a volume of verse through the Fortune Press . The publisher did not pay its writers and expected them to buy a certain number of copies themselves – a similar deal had been struck with such writers as Dylan Thomas and Philip Larkin for their first anthologies . The slim volume was dedicated to the memory of Richard Wagner , with a quote from Rilkes Duino Elegies : .. . das Schöne ist nichts als des Schrecklichen Anfang , den wir noch grade ertragen ( .. . beauty is nothing but the beginning of terror , that we are still able to bear ) . Magee said later : Im rather ashamed of the poems now , although I have written poems since which I havent published , which I secretly think are rather good . It has always been a dimension of what I do . ( Later he would also publish fiction , including a spy novel To Live in Danger in 1960 and then a long work Facing Death . The latter , initially composed in the 1960s but not published until 1977 , would be shortlisted for an award by The Yorkshire Post ) . In 1955 he began a year studying philosophy at Yale University on a postgraduate fellowship . He had expected to hate America but found that he loved it . His deep admiration of the countrys equality of opportunity was expressed in a swift series of books , Go West , Young Man ( 1958 ) , The New Radicalism ( 1963 ) and The Democratic Revolution ( 1964 ) . Politician . Magee returned to Britain with hopes of becoming a Labour Member of Parliament ( MP ) . He twice stood unsuccessfully for Mid Bedfordshire , at the 1959 general election and the 1960 by-election , and instead took a job presenting the ITV current affairs television programme This Week . He made documentary programmes about subjects of social concern such as prostitution , sexually transmitted diseases , abortion and homosexuality ( illegal in Britain at the time ) . Interviewed in 2003 , Magee said : British society was illiberal in a number of areas that are now taken for granted.. . Roy Jenkins changed them and he was bitterly opposed by the Tories . But if you were liberal with a small L there was a menu of social change and I believed very strongly in that whole liberal agenda . He was eventually elected MP for Leyton at the February 1974 general election , but found himself out of tune with the Labour Partys direction under Michael Foot . On 22 January 1982 he resigned the Labour whip and in March joined the defection of centrist Labour MPs to the newly founded Social Democratic Party . He lost his seat at the 1983 general election . Magee returned to writing and broadcasting which , indeed , he had continued during his parliamentary career and would also serve on various boards and committees . He notably resigned as chairman of the Arts Council music panel in 1994 in protest at funding cuts . He also returned to scholarship at Oxford , first as a fellow at Wolfson , then at New College . He also found more time to write classical music reviews and worked on his own compositions . He admitted that , while his own work was whistleable , it was also inherently sentimental . Interviewed in 2003 , Oxford contemporary William Rees-Mogg recalled we never knew which way Bryan would jump . And as his life later demonstrated , there was always a question of whether he was basically at heart an intellectual or someone interested in public life . So it wasnt a surprise that he went into public life , but the intellectual was really the predominant element in his personality and the books seemed to represent the real Bryan more than the political activity did . Broadcaster and writer . Interviews with philosophers . Magees most important influence in popular culture were his efforts to make philosophy accessible to the layman . In 1970–71 he presented a series for BBC Radio 3 entitled Conversations with Philosophers . The series took the form of Magee in conversation with a number of contemporary British philosophers , discussing both their own work , and the work of earlier 20th-century British philosophers . The series began with an introductory conversation between Magee and Anthony Quinton . Other programmes included discussions on Bertrand Russell , G . E . Moore and J . L . Austin , Ludwig Wittgenstein , and the relationship between philosophy and religion , among others . Extracts of each of the conversations were printed in The Listener shortly after broadcast . And extensively revised versions of all the discussions would be made available in the 1971 book Modern British Philosophy . Karl Popper would appear in the series twice and Magee would soon after write an introductory book on his philosophy that was first published in 1973 . In 1978 Magee presented 15 dialogues with noted philosophers for BBC Television in a series called Men of Ideas . This was a series that , as noted in The Daily Telegraph , achieved the near-impossible feat of presenting to a mass audience recondite issues of philosophy without compromising intellectual integrity or losing ratings and attracted a steady one million viewers per show . Following an Introduction to Philosophy , presented by Magee in discussion with Isaiah Berlin , Magee discussed topics like Marxist philosophy , the Frankfurt School , the ideas of Noam Chomsky and modern Existentialism in subsequent episodes . During the broadcast run , edited shorter versions of the discussions were published weekly in The Listener magazine . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues within the Men of Ideas series ( which featured Iris Murdoch ) were originally published in a book of the same name that is now sold under the title of Talking Philosophy . DVDs of the series are sold to academic institutions with the title Contemporary Philosophy . Neither this series nor its 1987 sequel are available for purchase by home users but most of the episodes are freely available on Youtube . Another BBC television series , The Great Philosophers , followed in 1987 . In this series , Magee discussed the major historical figures of Western philosophy with fifteen contemporary philosophers . The series covered the philosophies of Plato , Aristotle , and Descartes , among others , including a discussion with Peter Singer on the philosophy of Marx and Hegel , and ending with a discussion with John Searle on the philosophy of Wittgenstein . Extensively revised versions of the dialogues were published in a book of the same name that was published that same year . Magees 1998 book The Story of Thought ( also published as The Story of Philosophy ) would also cover the history of Western philosophy . Between the two series , Magee released the first edition of the work he regarded as closest to his academic magnum opus : The Philosophy of Schopenhauer ( first published in 1983 , substantially revised and extended , 1997 ) . This remains one of the most substantial and wide-ranging treatments of the thinker and assesses in-depth Schopenhauers influence on Wittgenstein , Wagner and other creative writers . Magee also addresses Schopenhauers thoughts on homosexuality and the influence of Buddhism on his thought . Later work and interest in Wagner . In 1997 Magees Confessions of a Philosopher was published . This essentially offered an introduction to philosophy in autobiographical form . The book was involved in a libel lawsuit as a result of Magee repeating the rumour that Ralph Schoenman , a controversial associate of Bertrand Russell during the philosophers final decade , had been planted by the CIA in an effort to discredit Russell . Schoenman successfully sued Magee for libel in the UK , with the result that the first printing of the British edition of the book was pulped . A second defamation suit , filed in California against Random House , was settled in 2001 . The allegations were expunged by settlement , and a new edition was issued and provided to more than 700 academic and public libraries . In Confessions of a Philosopher , Magee charts his own philosophical development in an autobiographical context . He also emphasizes the importance of Schopenhauers philosophy as a serious attempt to solve philosophical problems . In addition to this , he launches a critique of analytic philosophy , particularly in its linguistic form over three chapters , contesting its fundamental principles and lamenting its influence . Magee had a particular interest in the life , thought and music of Richard Wagner and wrote two notable books on the composer and his world , Aspects of Wagner ( 1968 ; rev . 1988 ) , and The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy ( 2001 ) . In Aspects of Wagner Magee outlines the range and depth of Wagners achievement , and shows how his sensational and erotic music expresses the repressed and highly charged contents of the psyche . He also examines Wagners detailed stage directions , and the prose works in which he formulated his ideas , and sheds interesting new light on his anti-semitism . The revised edition includes a fresh chapter on Wagner as Music . In 2016 , approaching his 86th birthday , Magee had his book Ultimate Questions published by Princeton University . Writing in The Independent , Julian Baggini said Magee doesnt always match his clarity of expression with rigour of argument , sometimes ignoring his own principle that the feeling Yes , surely this must be right is not a validation , not even a credential . But this can be excused . Plato and Aristotle claimed that philosophy begins with wonder . Magee is proof that for some , the wonder never dies , it only deepens . In 2018 Magee , who was then living in one room in a nursing hospital in Oxford , was interviewed by Jason Cowley of New Statesman and discussed his life and his 2016 book Ultimate Questions . Magee said that he believed he lacked originality and , until Ultimate Questions , had struggled to make an original contribution to philosophy , saying : Popper had this originality , Russell had it , and Einstein had it in spades . Einstein created a way of seeing things which transformed the way we see the world and the way we even understand such fundamental things as time and space . And I fundamentally understand that I could never do that , never . I wish I was in that class – not because I want to be a clever chap but because I want to do things that are at a much better level than Ive done them . He explained that he followed the news and politics closely and that he considered the vote for Brexit to have been a historic mistake . Personal life . In 1953 , Magee was appointed to a teaching job in Sweden and while there met Ingrid Söderlund , a pharmacist in the university laboratory . They married and had one daughter , Gunnela and , in time , three grandchildren . Magee later said : The marriage broke up pretty quickly and it was a fairly disastrous period of my life . I came back to Oxford as a postgraduate . But since then Sweden has been a part of my life . I go there every year and my daughter visits me . I always assumed that sooner or later Id get married again but it never quite happened , although I had some very long relationships . And now I dont want to get married again . I like the freedom . His memoir , Clouds of Glory : A Hoxton Childhood , won the J . R . Ackerley Prize for Autobiography in 2004 . Death . Magee died on 26 July 2019 , at the age of 89 , at St Lukes Hospital in Headington , Oxford . He is survived by his Swedish daughter Gunnela and her children and grandchildren . His funeral took place on 15 August . The last of Magees books to be published during his lifetime – Making the Most of It ( 2018 ) – closes : A celebration of his life was held in the chapel of Keble College , Oxford , on 29 October 2019 . The event was opened by Sir Jonathan Phillips , Warden of Keble College , and was introduced by Magees executor , the academic , author and editor Henry Hardy . It included audio and video clips of Magee , music chosen by him and played by the Amherst Sextet , and addresses by David Owen and Simon Callow . The music choices were the sextet from Strausss Capriccio , the largo from Elgars Serenade for Strings and the prelude to Wagners Tristan und Isolde . The addresses by Owen and Callow were published together with a notice of Magees life by Hardy in the Oldie . Filmography . Television . - Men of Ideas ( BBC , 1978 ) , host - Thinking Aloud ( 1984-1985 ) , host - The Great Philosophers ( BBC , 1987 ) , host Bibliography . Books . - Crucifixion and Other Poems , 1951 , Fortune Press , ASIN : B0039UQCKK - Go West , Young Man , Eyre And Spottiswoode , 1958 , - To Live in Danger , Hutchinson , 1960 ( softcover Random House ) - The New Radicalism , Secker & Warburg , 1962 , ASIN B0006D7RZW - The Democratic Revolution , Bodley Head , 1964 , - Towards 2000 : The world we make , Macdonald & Co , 1965 , ASIN B0000CMK0Y - One in Twenty : A Study of Homosexuality in Men and Women , Stein and Day , 1966 . ( later published as The Gays Among Us ) - The Television Interviewer , Macdonald , 1966 , ASIN B0000CN1D4 - Aspects of Wagner , Secker and Warburg , 1968 ; rev . 2nd ed , 1988 , Oxford University Press , 1988 , - Modern British Philosophy , Secker and Warburg , 1971 , ; Oxford University Press , [ Available for loan on Internet Archive ] - Karl Popper , Penguin , 1973 , ( Viking Press , ; also titled Popper , and later titled Philosophy and the Real World , 1985 ) - Facing Death , William Kimber & Co . Ltd. , 1977 , - Men of Ideas : Some Creators of Contemporary Philosophy , Oxford University Press , 1978 ( later titled Talking Philosophy : Dialogues With Fifteen Leading Philosophers ) - The Philosophy of Schopenhauer , Oxford University Press , 1983 ( revised and expanded , 1997 ) , - The Great Philosophers : An Introduction to Western Philosophy , BBC Books 1987 , Oxford University Press , 2000 , - On Blindness : Letters between Bryan Magee and Martin Milligan , Oxford University Press , 1996 , ( also published as Sight Unseen , Phoenix House , 1998 , ) - Confessions of a Philosopher , Random House , 1997 , reprinted 1998 , - The Story of Thought : The Essential Guide to the History of Western Philosophy , The Quality Paperback Bookclub , 1998 , ( later titled The Story of Philosophy , 2001 , ) - Wagner and Philosophy , Penguin , 2001 , ( also published as The Tristan Chord : Wagner and Philosophy , Owl Books , 2001 ) - Clouds of Glory , Pimlico , 2004 , - Growing up in a War , Pimlico , 2007 , - Ultimate Questions , Princeton University Press , 2016 , - Making the Most of It , Studio 28 , 2018 , Journal articles . At JSTOR - free to read online with registration : - Richard Wagner Died 13 February 1883 . Producing a New Ring The Musical Times , vol . 124 , no . 1680 , 1983 , pp . 86–89 . [ Interview with Peter Hall ] - Schopenhauer and Professor Hamlyn Philosophy , vol . 60 , no . 233 , 1985 , pp . 389–391 . - A Note on J . L . Austin and the Drama . Philosophy , vol . 74 , no . 287 , 1999 , pp . 119–121 . - What I Believe Philosophy , vol . 77 , no . 301 , 2002 , pp . 407–419. . - Philosophys Neglect of the Arts Philosophy , vol . 80 , no . 313 , 2005 , pp . 413–422 . - The Secret of Tristan and Isolde Philosophy , vol . 82 , no . 320 , 2007 , pp . 339–346 . - Intimations of Mortality Philosophy , vol . 86 , no . 335 , 2011 , pp . 31–39 . External links . Obituaries . - Bryan Magee - Obituary by Henry Hardy for Wolfson College ( 26 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , author , broadcaster , MP and academic with an unsurpassed ability to render complex philosophical ideas easily digestible . The Telegraph ( 26 July 2019 ) . - Bryan Magee , Who Brought Philosophy to British TV , Dies at 89 Obituary by Palko Karasz for The New York Times ( 28 July 2019 ) - Bryan Magee : 1930-2019—the champion of philosophical wonderment Obituary by Julian Baggini for Prospect ( 29 July 2019 ) - Obituary : Bryan Magee , MP , presented philosophy programme on Television and Wagner authority The Herald ( 10 August 2019 ) - OBITUARY : Bryan Magee , ex-Oxford Union president and BBC presenter by James Roberts for The Oxford Times ( 15 August 2019 ) - Bryan Magee , philosopher , writer and broadcaster , 1930-2019 by Jonathan Derbyshire for the Financial Times ( 17 August 2019 ) Further resources . - Sense and nonsense Prospect magazine article by Bryan Magee ( 2009 ) - Extracts of Homosexuals ( 1964 ) and Lesbians ( 1965 ) posted on Youtube by the British Film Institute - Photograph of Magee by Sijmen Hendriks , Amsterdam , 2011 - MP3 files of Magees interviews with philosophers - Philosophy : Bryan Magee from Free Thinking , BBC Radio 3 , 2016 - Bryan Magee : a tribute . by David Herman for TheArticle . ( 26 July 2019 ) |
[
"Prime Minister of Namibia"
] | easy | Which position did Hage Geingob hold from Mar 1990 to Aug 2002? | /wiki/Hage_Geingob#P39#0 | Hage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob ( born 3 August 1941 ) is the third and current president of Namibia , in office since 21 March 2015 . Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 , and served as Prime Minister again from 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015 . Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry . He is also the current president of the ruling SWAPO Party since his election to the position in November 2017 . In November 2014 , Geingob was elected president of Namibia by an overwhelming margin . In November 2017 , Geingob became the third president of SWAPO after winning by large margin at the partys 6th Congress . In August 2018 , Geingob began a one-year term as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community . Early life . Geingob was born in Otjiwarongo , South West Africa ( present day Namibia ) , in 1941 . He received his early education at Otavi in South West Africa under the Bantu Education System . He joined the Augustineum , where most of todays prominent political leaders of Namibia were educated , in 1958 . In 1960 , he was expelled from Augustineum for having participated in a march in protest at the poor quality of education . He was , however , readmitted and finished the teacher-training course in 1961 . Subsequently , he took up a teaching position at the Tsumeb Primary School in Central Namibia , but soon discovered that his thirst for knowledge was unlikely to be quenched in Namibia . As a teacher , he also hated being an unwilling instrument in perpetuating the Bantu Education System . Therefore , at the end of the school year , he left his job to seek knowledge and instruction that could help him change the system . He and three of his colleagues walked and hitchhiked to Botswana to escape the system . From Botswana , he was scheduled to go to Dar es Salaam , Tanzania , on a plane chartered by the African National Congress ( ANC ) , but the plane was blown up by South Africans while still on the ground because the time bomb went off prematurely . Subsequently , the apartheid regime also tightened up the underground railway . As a result , Geingob stayed in Botswana , where he served as Assistant South West Africa Peoples Organization ( SWAPO ) Representative ( 1963–64 ) . University years . In 1964 Geingob left for the United States to study at Temple University in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he was granted a scholarship . Subsequently , he obtained a BA degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1970 and an MA degree in International Relations from the Graduate Faculty of The New School , New York in 1974 . In 1964 , he was appointed SWAPO Representative at the United Nations and to the Americas . He served in this position until 1971 . He travelled extensively , criss-crossing the United States , talking with people , and addressing gatherings . He and his colleagues were not always successful , but ultimately the United Nations General Assembly recognised SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the people of Namibia . Namibians struggle at the international fora , and their armed struggle launched in 1966 , eventually led to the independence of Namibia in 1990 . Career as politician and educationist . In 1972 Geingob was appointed to the United Nations Secretariat as political affairs officer , a position he held until 1975 , when he was appointed director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia . He and his team were responsible for starting the institute , whose primary function was to train cadres who could take over the civil service of Namibia upon independence . Another important component of the institute was to carry out sectoral research to develop a policy framework for the government of independent Namibia . Over the years , it grew in stature and institutional relations were established with various institutions of higher learning in Europe , including the University of Warwick , University of East Anglia , and University of Sussex . These and other institutions recognized the institutes diploma and admitted its graduates for further studies . Geingob was director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia until 1989 . At the same time , he continued to be a member of both the Central Committee and the Politburo of SWAPO . In 1989 , he was elected by the Politburo of SWAPO to spearhead SWAPOs election campaign in Namibia . To carry out this assignment , he returned to Namibia with many of his colleagues on 18 June 1989 , after 27 years absence from the country . As SWAPOs Director of Elections , Geingob , along with other members of his directorate , established SWAPO election centres throughout the country and spearheaded an election campaign that brought SWAPO to power in Namibia . On 21 November 1989 , subsequent to the elections , he was elected chairman of the Constituent Assembly , which was responsible for formulating the Namibian Constitution . But before a constitution could be formulated , he had to ensure that the Constituent Assembly went through a process of confidence building between the people , who were known for their hatred of each other . Subsequently , national reconciliation became government policy . Under Geingobs chairmanship , the Constituent Assembly unanimously adopted the Namibian Constitution on 9 February 1990 . On 21 March 1990 , Geingob was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Namibia , and on 21 March 1995 , he was sworn in for a second term . He served in this capacity for 12 years . As prime minister Geingob introduced modern management approaches to the government ; he was also committed to nature conservation coupled with tourism , and in the early 1990s opened the Ongava Lodge , just south of Etosha National Park . In a cabinet reshuffle on August 27 , 2002 , Geingob was replaced as Prime Minister by Theo-Ben Gurirab and appointed Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing , but declined to accept this lesser position . He had placed ninth , with 368 votes , in the election to the Central Committee of SWAPO at the partys August 2002 congress , but on September 15 , he failed to be reelected to the SWAPO Politburo ; he received 33 votes from the 83-member Central Committee , while the lowest scoring successful candidate received 35 votes . In 2003 Geingob was invited to be Executive Secretary of the Global Coalition for Africa based in Washington , D.C . The Global Coalition for Africa is an intergovernmental forum that brings together top African policymakers and their partners in the international community to build consensus on Africas priority development issues . It is based on the premise that Africa can grow only from within , but to do so it needs outside support . His focus was to work with African continental and regional organizations and Africas development partners toward conflict resolution in Africa , promotion of good governance in African states , and integration of African economies in the global economy . In the nomination of SWAPO parliamentary candidates by party delegates on October 2 , 2004 , Geingob , at the time still in Washington working for the Global Coalition for Africa , placed 28th out of 60 . He then left the Global Coalition for Africa and returned to Namibia to participate in the November 2004 parliamentary election , in which he won a seat . Geingob became the party Chief Whip of SWAPO in the National Assembly on April 18 , 2007 . He was brought back into the SWAPO Politburo in mid-2007 , filling one of two vacancies . In November 2007 , a few weeks before a party congress , the Politburo named Geingob its sole candidate for the position of Vice-president of SWAPO . At the congress , he was accordingly elected without opposition on November 29 , 2007 and appointed Minister of Trade and Industry on April 8 , 2008 . At SWAPOs 2012 party congress , Geingob was reelected as Vice-president of SWAPO on 2 December , a result considered likely to make him the successor of Hifikepunye Pohamba as President of Namibia in 2015 . Geingob received 312 votes from the delegates , while Jerry Ekandjo received 220 and Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana 64 . Following the congress , Pohamba appointed Geingob prime minister on 4 December 2012 . As the SWAPO candidate , Geingob was elected President of Namibia by an overwhelming margin on 28 November 2014 , receiving 87% of the vote . He was sworn in as president on 21 March 2015 ; the ceremony was attended by 15 regional Heads of State and Government . In November 2019 Geingob was reelected with 56.3% of the vote . While speaking to newspaper The Namibian in December 2016 , he dared the United States to join the International Criminal Court to reassure the court is not particularly targeting Africans . He is the current chairperson of SADC after being elected to the position in 2018 . In April 2021 , the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and The Namibian reported that Geingob was involved in the Fishrot scandal by allegedly instructing a government official to divert funds from a state-run fishing company to bribe attendees of the 2017 SWAPO electoral congress to vote for him . Personal life . Geingob is known to be a die-hard football fan and has attended many high-profile games . He also regularly attends the Namibia Annual Music Awards ( NAMAs ) , and in his youth sang in a choir , and played in a band . In 1967 Geingob married Priscilla Charlene Cash , a New York City native ; the couple had one daughter , Nangula Geingos-Dukes . Geingob later married Loini Kandume , a businesswoman , on September 11 , 1993 , in Windhoek , in a high-profile marriage which resulted in two children : a daughter and a son . Geingob initiated divorce proceedings against Kandume in May 2006 , and he was granted a provisional divorce order in July 2008 . Geingob married Monica Kalondo on February 14 , 2015 . Hage Geingob Rugby Stadium in Windhoek is named after him . Awards , honours and recognition . - In 1980 , awarded the Palmes Academiques ( Officer Class ) by the French Government in recognition of valuable services in education . - In 1987 , awarded Omugulugwombashe Medal ( SWAPO ) for bravery and long service . - In 1994 , awarded LL.D . Honoris Causa by Columbia College , Illinois . - In 1994 , awarded the second highest order in Cuba , Carlos Manuel de Céspedes . - In 1994 , awarded the Order of the Sun , 1st Class by the Government of Namibia for providing outstanding political leadership . - In 1995 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Delhi , India . - In 1997 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Namibia . - In 1998 , awarded Doctorate of Humane Letters ( Honoris Causa ) by The American University of Rome . - In 2001 , a new school aimed at educating deprived children was opened in Katutura and named after the president . The Hage G . Geingob High School educates many from the informal settlements around Windhoek . - In 2015 , was conferred the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis by then-President Hifikepunye Pohamba , upon Geingobs inauguration as Namibias third President on 21 March 2015 Research activities and publications . Hage Geingob received his Ph.D . from the University of Leeds . His thesis was entitled State Formation in Namibia : Promoting Democracy and Good Governance . In his thesis , he examined significant events in the process of state formation in Namibia and provided an insight into the role played by various actors involved in shaping the evolution of Namibia as a state . He also examined the efforts of Namibians to build a reconciled society out of ethnically and racially stratified , diverse and often antagonistic groups , to promote democracy and a policy of reconciliation , to improve the life condition of the previously disadvantaged groups through affirmative action , to encourage good governance , to promote a culture of human rights , and to build state institutions to support these policies . Finally , he carried out a democratic audit of Namibia . As the director of the Institute for Namibia and as the chairman of the Research Coordinating Committee , Hage Geingob oversaw all research activities at the United Nations Institute for Namibia . The result of this effort resulted in 22 published research studies . He was also the chairman of the most comprehensive study ever undertaken on Namibia , Namibia : Perspectives for National Reconstruction and Development , which was undertaken by the United Nations Institute for Namibia in pursuance of the mandate given to it by the United Nations General Assembly . This study covered all aspects of socio-economic reconstruction and development for independent Namibia . This study came to be known as the Blue Bible , referring to the colour of its cover , among the researchers and planners of Namibia . Indeed , this study provided the blueprint for setting up the new government in independent Namibia . In addition , Hage Geingob has contributed numerous articles to various publications , including monographs , periodicals and newspapers . He has travelled extensively covering all the continents and has attended , chaired , and presented papers at numerous UN and other international conferences . He also regularly attended the General Assembly sessions from 1965 to 1985 . External links . - Official Twitte |
[
"Minister of Trade and Industry"
] | easy | What was the position of Hage Geingob from Apr 2008 to Dec 2012? | /wiki/Hage_Geingob#P39#1 | Hage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob ( born 3 August 1941 ) is the third and current president of Namibia , in office since 21 March 2015 . Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 , and served as Prime Minister again from 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015 . Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry . He is also the current president of the ruling SWAPO Party since his election to the position in November 2017 . In November 2014 , Geingob was elected president of Namibia by an overwhelming margin . In November 2017 , Geingob became the third president of SWAPO after winning by large margin at the partys 6th Congress . In August 2018 , Geingob began a one-year term as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community . Early life . Geingob was born in Otjiwarongo , South West Africa ( present day Namibia ) , in 1941 . He received his early education at Otavi in South West Africa under the Bantu Education System . He joined the Augustineum , where most of todays prominent political leaders of Namibia were educated , in 1958 . In 1960 , he was expelled from Augustineum for having participated in a march in protest at the poor quality of education . He was , however , readmitted and finished the teacher-training course in 1961 . Subsequently , he took up a teaching position at the Tsumeb Primary School in Central Namibia , but soon discovered that his thirst for knowledge was unlikely to be quenched in Namibia . As a teacher , he also hated being an unwilling instrument in perpetuating the Bantu Education System . Therefore , at the end of the school year , he left his job to seek knowledge and instruction that could help him change the system . He and three of his colleagues walked and hitchhiked to Botswana to escape the system . From Botswana , he was scheduled to go to Dar es Salaam , Tanzania , on a plane chartered by the African National Congress ( ANC ) , but the plane was blown up by South Africans while still on the ground because the time bomb went off prematurely . Subsequently , the apartheid regime also tightened up the underground railway . As a result , Geingob stayed in Botswana , where he served as Assistant South West Africa Peoples Organization ( SWAPO ) Representative ( 1963–64 ) . University years . In 1964 Geingob left for the United States to study at Temple University in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he was granted a scholarship . Subsequently , he obtained a BA degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1970 and an MA degree in International Relations from the Graduate Faculty of The New School , New York in 1974 . In 1964 , he was appointed SWAPO Representative at the United Nations and to the Americas . He served in this position until 1971 . He travelled extensively , criss-crossing the United States , talking with people , and addressing gatherings . He and his colleagues were not always successful , but ultimately the United Nations General Assembly recognised SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the people of Namibia . Namibians struggle at the international fora , and their armed struggle launched in 1966 , eventually led to the independence of Namibia in 1990 . Career as politician and educationist . In 1972 Geingob was appointed to the United Nations Secretariat as political affairs officer , a position he held until 1975 , when he was appointed director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia . He and his team were responsible for starting the institute , whose primary function was to train cadres who could take over the civil service of Namibia upon independence . Another important component of the institute was to carry out sectoral research to develop a policy framework for the government of independent Namibia . Over the years , it grew in stature and institutional relations were established with various institutions of higher learning in Europe , including the University of Warwick , University of East Anglia , and University of Sussex . These and other institutions recognized the institutes diploma and admitted its graduates for further studies . Geingob was director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia until 1989 . At the same time , he continued to be a member of both the Central Committee and the Politburo of SWAPO . In 1989 , he was elected by the Politburo of SWAPO to spearhead SWAPOs election campaign in Namibia . To carry out this assignment , he returned to Namibia with many of his colleagues on 18 June 1989 , after 27 years absence from the country . As SWAPOs Director of Elections , Geingob , along with other members of his directorate , established SWAPO election centres throughout the country and spearheaded an election campaign that brought SWAPO to power in Namibia . On 21 November 1989 , subsequent to the elections , he was elected chairman of the Constituent Assembly , which was responsible for formulating the Namibian Constitution . But before a constitution could be formulated , he had to ensure that the Constituent Assembly went through a process of confidence building between the people , who were known for their hatred of each other . Subsequently , national reconciliation became government policy . Under Geingobs chairmanship , the Constituent Assembly unanimously adopted the Namibian Constitution on 9 February 1990 . On 21 March 1990 , Geingob was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Namibia , and on 21 March 1995 , he was sworn in for a second term . He served in this capacity for 12 years . As prime minister Geingob introduced modern management approaches to the government ; he was also committed to nature conservation coupled with tourism , and in the early 1990s opened the Ongava Lodge , just south of Etosha National Park . In a cabinet reshuffle on August 27 , 2002 , Geingob was replaced as Prime Minister by Theo-Ben Gurirab and appointed Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing , but declined to accept this lesser position . He had placed ninth , with 368 votes , in the election to the Central Committee of SWAPO at the partys August 2002 congress , but on September 15 , he failed to be reelected to the SWAPO Politburo ; he received 33 votes from the 83-member Central Committee , while the lowest scoring successful candidate received 35 votes . In 2003 Geingob was invited to be Executive Secretary of the Global Coalition for Africa based in Washington , D.C . The Global Coalition for Africa is an intergovernmental forum that brings together top African policymakers and their partners in the international community to build consensus on Africas priority development issues . It is based on the premise that Africa can grow only from within , but to do so it needs outside support . His focus was to work with African continental and regional organizations and Africas development partners toward conflict resolution in Africa , promotion of good governance in African states , and integration of African economies in the global economy . In the nomination of SWAPO parliamentary candidates by party delegates on October 2 , 2004 , Geingob , at the time still in Washington working for the Global Coalition for Africa , placed 28th out of 60 . He then left the Global Coalition for Africa and returned to Namibia to participate in the November 2004 parliamentary election , in which he won a seat . Geingob became the party Chief Whip of SWAPO in the National Assembly on April 18 , 2007 . He was brought back into the SWAPO Politburo in mid-2007 , filling one of two vacancies . In November 2007 , a few weeks before a party congress , the Politburo named Geingob its sole candidate for the position of Vice-president of SWAPO . At the congress , he was accordingly elected without opposition on November 29 , 2007 and appointed Minister of Trade and Industry on April 8 , 2008 . At SWAPOs 2012 party congress , Geingob was reelected as Vice-president of SWAPO on 2 December , a result considered likely to make him the successor of Hifikepunye Pohamba as President of Namibia in 2015 . Geingob received 312 votes from the delegates , while Jerry Ekandjo received 220 and Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana 64 . Following the congress , Pohamba appointed Geingob prime minister on 4 December 2012 . As the SWAPO candidate , Geingob was elected President of Namibia by an overwhelming margin on 28 November 2014 , receiving 87% of the vote . He was sworn in as president on 21 March 2015 ; the ceremony was attended by 15 regional Heads of State and Government . In November 2019 Geingob was reelected with 56.3% of the vote . While speaking to newspaper The Namibian in December 2016 , he dared the United States to join the International Criminal Court to reassure the court is not particularly targeting Africans . He is the current chairperson of SADC after being elected to the position in 2018 . In April 2021 , the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and The Namibian reported that Geingob was involved in the Fishrot scandal by allegedly instructing a government official to divert funds from a state-run fishing company to bribe attendees of the 2017 SWAPO electoral congress to vote for him . Personal life . Geingob is known to be a die-hard football fan and has attended many high-profile games . He also regularly attends the Namibia Annual Music Awards ( NAMAs ) , and in his youth sang in a choir , and played in a band . In 1967 Geingob married Priscilla Charlene Cash , a New York City native ; the couple had one daughter , Nangula Geingos-Dukes . Geingob later married Loini Kandume , a businesswoman , on September 11 , 1993 , in Windhoek , in a high-profile marriage which resulted in two children : a daughter and a son . Geingob initiated divorce proceedings against Kandume in May 2006 , and he was granted a provisional divorce order in July 2008 . Geingob married Monica Kalondo on February 14 , 2015 . Hage Geingob Rugby Stadium in Windhoek is named after him . Awards , honours and recognition . - In 1980 , awarded the Palmes Academiques ( Officer Class ) by the French Government in recognition of valuable services in education . - In 1987 , awarded Omugulugwombashe Medal ( SWAPO ) for bravery and long service . - In 1994 , awarded LL.D . Honoris Causa by Columbia College , Illinois . - In 1994 , awarded the second highest order in Cuba , Carlos Manuel de Céspedes . - In 1994 , awarded the Order of the Sun , 1st Class by the Government of Namibia for providing outstanding political leadership . - In 1995 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Delhi , India . - In 1997 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Namibia . - In 1998 , awarded Doctorate of Humane Letters ( Honoris Causa ) by The American University of Rome . - In 2001 , a new school aimed at educating deprived children was opened in Katutura and named after the president . The Hage G . Geingob High School educates many from the informal settlements around Windhoek . - In 2015 , was conferred the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis by then-President Hifikepunye Pohamba , upon Geingobs inauguration as Namibias third President on 21 March 2015 Research activities and publications . Hage Geingob received his Ph.D . from the University of Leeds . His thesis was entitled State Formation in Namibia : Promoting Democracy and Good Governance . In his thesis , he examined significant events in the process of state formation in Namibia and provided an insight into the role played by various actors involved in shaping the evolution of Namibia as a state . He also examined the efforts of Namibians to build a reconciled society out of ethnically and racially stratified , diverse and often antagonistic groups , to promote democracy and a policy of reconciliation , to improve the life condition of the previously disadvantaged groups through affirmative action , to encourage good governance , to promote a culture of human rights , and to build state institutions to support these policies . Finally , he carried out a democratic audit of Namibia . As the director of the Institute for Namibia and as the chairman of the Research Coordinating Committee , Hage Geingob oversaw all research activities at the United Nations Institute for Namibia . The result of this effort resulted in 22 published research studies . He was also the chairman of the most comprehensive study ever undertaken on Namibia , Namibia : Perspectives for National Reconstruction and Development , which was undertaken by the United Nations Institute for Namibia in pursuance of the mandate given to it by the United Nations General Assembly . This study covered all aspects of socio-economic reconstruction and development for independent Namibia . This study came to be known as the Blue Bible , referring to the colour of its cover , among the researchers and planners of Namibia . Indeed , this study provided the blueprint for setting up the new government in independent Namibia . In addition , Hage Geingob has contributed numerous articles to various publications , including monographs , periodicals and newspapers . He has travelled extensively covering all the continents and has attended , chaired , and presented papers at numerous UN and other international conferences . He also regularly attended the General Assembly sessions from 1965 to 1985 . External links . - Official Twitte |
[
"Prime Minister of Namibia"
] | easy | Which position did Hage Geingob hold from Dec 2012 to Mar 2015? | /wiki/Hage_Geingob#P39#2 | Hage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob ( born 3 August 1941 ) is the third and current president of Namibia , in office since 21 March 2015 . Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 , and served as Prime Minister again from 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015 . Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry . He is also the current president of the ruling SWAPO Party since his election to the position in November 2017 . In November 2014 , Geingob was elected president of Namibia by an overwhelming margin . In November 2017 , Geingob became the third president of SWAPO after winning by large margin at the partys 6th Congress . In August 2018 , Geingob began a one-year term as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community . Early life . Geingob was born in Otjiwarongo , South West Africa ( present day Namibia ) , in 1941 . He received his early education at Otavi in South West Africa under the Bantu Education System . He joined the Augustineum , where most of todays prominent political leaders of Namibia were educated , in 1958 . In 1960 , he was expelled from Augustineum for having participated in a march in protest at the poor quality of education . He was , however , readmitted and finished the teacher-training course in 1961 . Subsequently , he took up a teaching position at the Tsumeb Primary School in Central Namibia , but soon discovered that his thirst for knowledge was unlikely to be quenched in Namibia . As a teacher , he also hated being an unwilling instrument in perpetuating the Bantu Education System . Therefore , at the end of the school year , he left his job to seek knowledge and instruction that could help him change the system . He and three of his colleagues walked and hitchhiked to Botswana to escape the system . From Botswana , he was scheduled to go to Dar es Salaam , Tanzania , on a plane chartered by the African National Congress ( ANC ) , but the plane was blown up by South Africans while still on the ground because the time bomb went off prematurely . Subsequently , the apartheid regime also tightened up the underground railway . As a result , Geingob stayed in Botswana , where he served as Assistant South West Africa Peoples Organization ( SWAPO ) Representative ( 1963–64 ) . University years . In 1964 Geingob left for the United States to study at Temple University in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he was granted a scholarship . Subsequently , he obtained a BA degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1970 and an MA degree in International Relations from the Graduate Faculty of The New School , New York in 1974 . In 1964 , he was appointed SWAPO Representative at the United Nations and to the Americas . He served in this position until 1971 . He travelled extensively , criss-crossing the United States , talking with people , and addressing gatherings . He and his colleagues were not always successful , but ultimately the United Nations General Assembly recognised SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the people of Namibia . Namibians struggle at the international fora , and their armed struggle launched in 1966 , eventually led to the independence of Namibia in 1990 . Career as politician and educationist . In 1972 Geingob was appointed to the United Nations Secretariat as political affairs officer , a position he held until 1975 , when he was appointed director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia . He and his team were responsible for starting the institute , whose primary function was to train cadres who could take over the civil service of Namibia upon independence . Another important component of the institute was to carry out sectoral research to develop a policy framework for the government of independent Namibia . Over the years , it grew in stature and institutional relations were established with various institutions of higher learning in Europe , including the University of Warwick , University of East Anglia , and University of Sussex . These and other institutions recognized the institutes diploma and admitted its graduates for further studies . Geingob was director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia until 1989 . At the same time , he continued to be a member of both the Central Committee and the Politburo of SWAPO . In 1989 , he was elected by the Politburo of SWAPO to spearhead SWAPOs election campaign in Namibia . To carry out this assignment , he returned to Namibia with many of his colleagues on 18 June 1989 , after 27 years absence from the country . As SWAPOs Director of Elections , Geingob , along with other members of his directorate , established SWAPO election centres throughout the country and spearheaded an election campaign that brought SWAPO to power in Namibia . On 21 November 1989 , subsequent to the elections , he was elected chairman of the Constituent Assembly , which was responsible for formulating the Namibian Constitution . But before a constitution could be formulated , he had to ensure that the Constituent Assembly went through a process of confidence building between the people , who were known for their hatred of each other . Subsequently , national reconciliation became government policy . Under Geingobs chairmanship , the Constituent Assembly unanimously adopted the Namibian Constitution on 9 February 1990 . On 21 March 1990 , Geingob was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Namibia , and on 21 March 1995 , he was sworn in for a second term . He served in this capacity for 12 years . As prime minister Geingob introduced modern management approaches to the government ; he was also committed to nature conservation coupled with tourism , and in the early 1990s opened the Ongava Lodge , just south of Etosha National Park . In a cabinet reshuffle on August 27 , 2002 , Geingob was replaced as Prime Minister by Theo-Ben Gurirab and appointed Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing , but declined to accept this lesser position . He had placed ninth , with 368 votes , in the election to the Central Committee of SWAPO at the partys August 2002 congress , but on September 15 , he failed to be reelected to the SWAPO Politburo ; he received 33 votes from the 83-member Central Committee , while the lowest scoring successful candidate received 35 votes . In 2003 Geingob was invited to be Executive Secretary of the Global Coalition for Africa based in Washington , D.C . The Global Coalition for Africa is an intergovernmental forum that brings together top African policymakers and their partners in the international community to build consensus on Africas priority development issues . It is based on the premise that Africa can grow only from within , but to do so it needs outside support . His focus was to work with African continental and regional organizations and Africas development partners toward conflict resolution in Africa , promotion of good governance in African states , and integration of African economies in the global economy . In the nomination of SWAPO parliamentary candidates by party delegates on October 2 , 2004 , Geingob , at the time still in Washington working for the Global Coalition for Africa , placed 28th out of 60 . He then left the Global Coalition for Africa and returned to Namibia to participate in the November 2004 parliamentary election , in which he won a seat . Geingob became the party Chief Whip of SWAPO in the National Assembly on April 18 , 2007 . He was brought back into the SWAPO Politburo in mid-2007 , filling one of two vacancies . In November 2007 , a few weeks before a party congress , the Politburo named Geingob its sole candidate for the position of Vice-president of SWAPO . At the congress , he was accordingly elected without opposition on November 29 , 2007 and appointed Minister of Trade and Industry on April 8 , 2008 . At SWAPOs 2012 party congress , Geingob was reelected as Vice-president of SWAPO on 2 December , a result considered likely to make him the successor of Hifikepunye Pohamba as President of Namibia in 2015 . Geingob received 312 votes from the delegates , while Jerry Ekandjo received 220 and Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana 64 . Following the congress , Pohamba appointed Geingob prime minister on 4 December 2012 . As the SWAPO candidate , Geingob was elected President of Namibia by an overwhelming margin on 28 November 2014 , receiving 87% of the vote . He was sworn in as president on 21 March 2015 ; the ceremony was attended by 15 regional Heads of State and Government . In November 2019 Geingob was reelected with 56.3% of the vote . While speaking to newspaper The Namibian in December 2016 , he dared the United States to join the International Criminal Court to reassure the court is not particularly targeting Africans . He is the current chairperson of SADC after being elected to the position in 2018 . In April 2021 , the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and The Namibian reported that Geingob was involved in the Fishrot scandal by allegedly instructing a government official to divert funds from a state-run fishing company to bribe attendees of the 2017 SWAPO electoral congress to vote for him . Personal life . Geingob is known to be a die-hard football fan and has attended many high-profile games . He also regularly attends the Namibia Annual Music Awards ( NAMAs ) , and in his youth sang in a choir , and played in a band . In 1967 Geingob married Priscilla Charlene Cash , a New York City native ; the couple had one daughter , Nangula Geingos-Dukes . Geingob later married Loini Kandume , a businesswoman , on September 11 , 1993 , in Windhoek , in a high-profile marriage which resulted in two children : a daughter and a son . Geingob initiated divorce proceedings against Kandume in May 2006 , and he was granted a provisional divorce order in July 2008 . Geingob married Monica Kalondo on February 14 , 2015 . Hage Geingob Rugby Stadium in Windhoek is named after him . Awards , honours and recognition . - In 1980 , awarded the Palmes Academiques ( Officer Class ) by the French Government in recognition of valuable services in education . - In 1987 , awarded Omugulugwombashe Medal ( SWAPO ) for bravery and long service . - In 1994 , awarded LL.D . Honoris Causa by Columbia College , Illinois . - In 1994 , awarded the second highest order in Cuba , Carlos Manuel de Céspedes . - In 1994 , awarded the Order of the Sun , 1st Class by the Government of Namibia for providing outstanding political leadership . - In 1995 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Delhi , India . - In 1997 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Namibia . - In 1998 , awarded Doctorate of Humane Letters ( Honoris Causa ) by The American University of Rome . - In 2001 , a new school aimed at educating deprived children was opened in Katutura and named after the president . The Hage G . Geingob High School educates many from the informal settlements around Windhoek . - In 2015 , was conferred the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis by then-President Hifikepunye Pohamba , upon Geingobs inauguration as Namibias third President on 21 March 2015 Research activities and publications . Hage Geingob received his Ph.D . from the University of Leeds . His thesis was entitled State Formation in Namibia : Promoting Democracy and Good Governance . In his thesis , he examined significant events in the process of state formation in Namibia and provided an insight into the role played by various actors involved in shaping the evolution of Namibia as a state . He also examined the efforts of Namibians to build a reconciled society out of ethnically and racially stratified , diverse and often antagonistic groups , to promote democracy and a policy of reconciliation , to improve the life condition of the previously disadvantaged groups through affirmative action , to encourage good governance , to promote a culture of human rights , and to build state institutions to support these policies . Finally , he carried out a democratic audit of Namibia . As the director of the Institute for Namibia and as the chairman of the Research Coordinating Committee , Hage Geingob oversaw all research activities at the United Nations Institute for Namibia . The result of this effort resulted in 22 published research studies . He was also the chairman of the most comprehensive study ever undertaken on Namibia , Namibia : Perspectives for National Reconstruction and Development , which was undertaken by the United Nations Institute for Namibia in pursuance of the mandate given to it by the United Nations General Assembly . This study covered all aspects of socio-economic reconstruction and development for independent Namibia . This study came to be known as the Blue Bible , referring to the colour of its cover , among the researchers and planners of Namibia . Indeed , this study provided the blueprint for setting up the new government in independent Namibia . In addition , Hage Geingob has contributed numerous articles to various publications , including monographs , periodicals and newspapers . He has travelled extensively covering all the continents and has attended , chaired , and presented papers at numerous UN and other international conferences . He also regularly attended the General Assembly sessions from 1965 to 1985 . External links . - Official Twitte |
[
"president of Namibia"
] | easy | What was the position of Hage Geingob from Mar 2015 to Mar 2016? | /wiki/Hage_Geingob#P39#3 | Hage Geingob Hage Gottfried Geingob ( born 3 August 1941 ) is the third and current president of Namibia , in office since 21 March 2015 . Geingob was the first Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 , and served as Prime Minister again from 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015 . Between 2008 and 2012 Geingob served as Minister of Trade and Industry . He is also the current president of the ruling SWAPO Party since his election to the position in November 2017 . In November 2014 , Geingob was elected president of Namibia by an overwhelming margin . In November 2017 , Geingob became the third president of SWAPO after winning by large margin at the partys 6th Congress . In August 2018 , Geingob began a one-year term as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community . Early life . Geingob was born in Otjiwarongo , South West Africa ( present day Namibia ) , in 1941 . He received his early education at Otavi in South West Africa under the Bantu Education System . He joined the Augustineum , where most of todays prominent political leaders of Namibia were educated , in 1958 . In 1960 , he was expelled from Augustineum for having participated in a march in protest at the poor quality of education . He was , however , readmitted and finished the teacher-training course in 1961 . Subsequently , he took up a teaching position at the Tsumeb Primary School in Central Namibia , but soon discovered that his thirst for knowledge was unlikely to be quenched in Namibia . As a teacher , he also hated being an unwilling instrument in perpetuating the Bantu Education System . Therefore , at the end of the school year , he left his job to seek knowledge and instruction that could help him change the system . He and three of his colleagues walked and hitchhiked to Botswana to escape the system . From Botswana , he was scheduled to go to Dar es Salaam , Tanzania , on a plane chartered by the African National Congress ( ANC ) , but the plane was blown up by South Africans while still on the ground because the time bomb went off prematurely . Subsequently , the apartheid regime also tightened up the underground railway . As a result , Geingob stayed in Botswana , where he served as Assistant South West Africa Peoples Organization ( SWAPO ) Representative ( 1963–64 ) . University years . In 1964 Geingob left for the United States to study at Temple University in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he was granted a scholarship . Subsequently , he obtained a BA degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1970 and an MA degree in International Relations from the Graduate Faculty of The New School , New York in 1974 . In 1964 , he was appointed SWAPO Representative at the United Nations and to the Americas . He served in this position until 1971 . He travelled extensively , criss-crossing the United States , talking with people , and addressing gatherings . He and his colleagues were not always successful , but ultimately the United Nations General Assembly recognised SWAPO as the sole and authentic representative of the people of Namibia . Namibians struggle at the international fora , and their armed struggle launched in 1966 , eventually led to the independence of Namibia in 1990 . Career as politician and educationist . In 1972 Geingob was appointed to the United Nations Secretariat as political affairs officer , a position he held until 1975 , when he was appointed director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia . He and his team were responsible for starting the institute , whose primary function was to train cadres who could take over the civil service of Namibia upon independence . Another important component of the institute was to carry out sectoral research to develop a policy framework for the government of independent Namibia . Over the years , it grew in stature and institutional relations were established with various institutions of higher learning in Europe , including the University of Warwick , University of East Anglia , and University of Sussex . These and other institutions recognized the institutes diploma and admitted its graduates for further studies . Geingob was director of the United Nations Institute for Namibia until 1989 . At the same time , he continued to be a member of both the Central Committee and the Politburo of SWAPO . In 1989 , he was elected by the Politburo of SWAPO to spearhead SWAPOs election campaign in Namibia . To carry out this assignment , he returned to Namibia with many of his colleagues on 18 June 1989 , after 27 years absence from the country . As SWAPOs Director of Elections , Geingob , along with other members of his directorate , established SWAPO election centres throughout the country and spearheaded an election campaign that brought SWAPO to power in Namibia . On 21 November 1989 , subsequent to the elections , he was elected chairman of the Constituent Assembly , which was responsible for formulating the Namibian Constitution . But before a constitution could be formulated , he had to ensure that the Constituent Assembly went through a process of confidence building between the people , who were known for their hatred of each other . Subsequently , national reconciliation became government policy . Under Geingobs chairmanship , the Constituent Assembly unanimously adopted the Namibian Constitution on 9 February 1990 . On 21 March 1990 , Geingob was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of the Republic of Namibia , and on 21 March 1995 , he was sworn in for a second term . He served in this capacity for 12 years . As prime minister Geingob introduced modern management approaches to the government ; he was also committed to nature conservation coupled with tourism , and in the early 1990s opened the Ongava Lodge , just south of Etosha National Park . In a cabinet reshuffle on August 27 , 2002 , Geingob was replaced as Prime Minister by Theo-Ben Gurirab and appointed Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing , but declined to accept this lesser position . He had placed ninth , with 368 votes , in the election to the Central Committee of SWAPO at the partys August 2002 congress , but on September 15 , he failed to be reelected to the SWAPO Politburo ; he received 33 votes from the 83-member Central Committee , while the lowest scoring successful candidate received 35 votes . In 2003 Geingob was invited to be Executive Secretary of the Global Coalition for Africa based in Washington , D.C . The Global Coalition for Africa is an intergovernmental forum that brings together top African policymakers and their partners in the international community to build consensus on Africas priority development issues . It is based on the premise that Africa can grow only from within , but to do so it needs outside support . His focus was to work with African continental and regional organizations and Africas development partners toward conflict resolution in Africa , promotion of good governance in African states , and integration of African economies in the global economy . In the nomination of SWAPO parliamentary candidates by party delegates on October 2 , 2004 , Geingob , at the time still in Washington working for the Global Coalition for Africa , placed 28th out of 60 . He then left the Global Coalition for Africa and returned to Namibia to participate in the November 2004 parliamentary election , in which he won a seat . Geingob became the party Chief Whip of SWAPO in the National Assembly on April 18 , 2007 . He was brought back into the SWAPO Politburo in mid-2007 , filling one of two vacancies . In November 2007 , a few weeks before a party congress , the Politburo named Geingob its sole candidate for the position of Vice-president of SWAPO . At the congress , he was accordingly elected without opposition on November 29 , 2007 and appointed Minister of Trade and Industry on April 8 , 2008 . At SWAPOs 2012 party congress , Geingob was reelected as Vice-president of SWAPO on 2 December , a result considered likely to make him the successor of Hifikepunye Pohamba as President of Namibia in 2015 . Geingob received 312 votes from the delegates , while Jerry Ekandjo received 220 and Pendukeni Iivula-Ithana 64 . Following the congress , Pohamba appointed Geingob prime minister on 4 December 2012 . As the SWAPO candidate , Geingob was elected President of Namibia by an overwhelming margin on 28 November 2014 , receiving 87% of the vote . He was sworn in as president on 21 March 2015 ; the ceremony was attended by 15 regional Heads of State and Government . In November 2019 Geingob was reelected with 56.3% of the vote . While speaking to newspaper The Namibian in December 2016 , he dared the United States to join the International Criminal Court to reassure the court is not particularly targeting Africans . He is the current chairperson of SADC after being elected to the position in 2018 . In April 2021 , the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and The Namibian reported that Geingob was involved in the Fishrot scandal by allegedly instructing a government official to divert funds from a state-run fishing company to bribe attendees of the 2017 SWAPO electoral congress to vote for him . Personal life . Geingob is known to be a die-hard football fan and has attended many high-profile games . He also regularly attends the Namibia Annual Music Awards ( NAMAs ) , and in his youth sang in a choir , and played in a band . In 1967 Geingob married Priscilla Charlene Cash , a New York City native ; the couple had one daughter , Nangula Geingos-Dukes . Geingob later married Loini Kandume , a businesswoman , on September 11 , 1993 , in Windhoek , in a high-profile marriage which resulted in two children : a daughter and a son . Geingob initiated divorce proceedings against Kandume in May 2006 , and he was granted a provisional divorce order in July 2008 . Geingob married Monica Kalondo on February 14 , 2015 . Hage Geingob Rugby Stadium in Windhoek is named after him . Awards , honours and recognition . - In 1980 , awarded the Palmes Academiques ( Officer Class ) by the French Government in recognition of valuable services in education . - In 1987 , awarded Omugulugwombashe Medal ( SWAPO ) for bravery and long service . - In 1994 , awarded LL.D . Honoris Causa by Columbia College , Illinois . - In 1994 , awarded the second highest order in Cuba , Carlos Manuel de Céspedes . - In 1994 , awarded the Order of the Sun , 1st Class by the Government of Namibia for providing outstanding political leadership . - In 1995 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Delhi , India . - In 1997 , awarded LL.D . ( Doctorate of Laws ) Honoris Causa by the University of Namibia . - In 1998 , awarded Doctorate of Humane Letters ( Honoris Causa ) by The American University of Rome . - In 2001 , a new school aimed at educating deprived children was opened in Katutura and named after the president . The Hage G . Geingob High School educates many from the informal settlements around Windhoek . - In 2015 , was conferred the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis by then-President Hifikepunye Pohamba , upon Geingobs inauguration as Namibias third President on 21 March 2015 Research activities and publications . Hage Geingob received his Ph.D . from the University of Leeds . His thesis was entitled State Formation in Namibia : Promoting Democracy and Good Governance . In his thesis , he examined significant events in the process of state formation in Namibia and provided an insight into the role played by various actors involved in shaping the evolution of Namibia as a state . He also examined the efforts of Namibians to build a reconciled society out of ethnically and racially stratified , diverse and often antagonistic groups , to promote democracy and a policy of reconciliation , to improve the life condition of the previously disadvantaged groups through affirmative action , to encourage good governance , to promote a culture of human rights , and to build state institutions to support these policies . Finally , he carried out a democratic audit of Namibia . As the director of the Institute for Namibia and as the chairman of the Research Coordinating Committee , Hage Geingob oversaw all research activities at the United Nations Institute for Namibia . The result of this effort resulted in 22 published research studies . He was also the chairman of the most comprehensive study ever undertaken on Namibia , Namibia : Perspectives for National Reconstruction and Development , which was undertaken by the United Nations Institute for Namibia in pursuance of the mandate given to it by the United Nations General Assembly . This study covered all aspects of socio-economic reconstruction and development for independent Namibia . This study came to be known as the Blue Bible , referring to the colour of its cover , among the researchers and planners of Namibia . Indeed , this study provided the blueprint for setting up the new government in independent Namibia . In addition , Hage Geingob has contributed numerous articles to various publications , including monographs , periodicals and newspapers . He has travelled extensively covering all the continents and has attended , chaired , and presented papers at numerous UN and other international conferences . He also regularly attended the General Assembly sessions from 1965 to 1985 . External links . - Official Twitte |
[
"MP for Carmarthenshire"
] | easy | What was the position of David Pugh (British politician) from Jun 1857 to Nov 1868? | /wiki/David_Pugh_(British_politician)#P39#0 | David Pugh ( British politician ) David Pugh ( 1806 – 12 July 1890 ) was a Welsh landowner and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1857 until 1868 and again from 1885 until his death in 1890 . Early life and career . Pugh was born at Green Hill , Llandeilo , Carmarthenshire ( which was later renamed Manoravon ) , the eldest son of Colonel David Heron Pugh , who was High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1819 , and his wife Elizabeth Beynon , daughter of William Beynon of Trewern , Llanddewi Velfrey , Pembrokeshire . His brother , John William Pugh , was Vicar of Llandeilo for fifteen years . Pugh was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College , Oxford , graduating in 1828 . In 1837 he was called to the Bar at Inner Temple and for some years he practiced on the Northern Circuit . Local Government and Administration . From an early age , Pugh took a close interest in the life of his locality and never devoted himself fully to a legal career . From 1843 until 1852 he was Chairman of the Carmarthesnhire Quarter Sessions , and also served as a Justice of the Peace for Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire and as Deputy Lieutenant . He held a commission as a captain in the Carmarthenshire Rifle Volunteers . Following the death of his brother in 1852 , Pugh abandoned his legal career and settled at Manoravon , where he set about developing the estate . He purchased a considerable proportion of the neighbouring Gulston estate for £45,000 and also owned property through his mothers family in the Teifi valley and at St Clears . He was regarded as a popular landlord , partly due to his practice of supporting local tradesmen rather than those based in London . At the time of his death it was said that he regularly granted rent abatements at times of agricultural depression . This was often cited as a reason for his political success , particularly in later life . Pugh owned nearly of land.and was a well known breeder of shorthorn cattle . He was patron and speaker at the Carmarthen Eisteddfod of 1867 . He was owner of the Pwll Perkins mine , or Garnant Colliery where a disaster led to the loss of 10 lives in 1884 . In 1887 he presented a church clock to Llandeilo Parish Church , although the issue of its upkeep caused controversy in the locality . Political career : MP for Carmarthenshire , 1857-1868 . In 1857 , following the death of David Saunders Davies , Pugh emerged as a candidate for Carmarthenshire and served until 1868 . The local Conservative newspaper , the Carmarthen Journal , favoured John Lloyd Davies , former member for Cardigan , and regarded Pugh as an untried man . However , Pugh carried the day , having been proposed at the hustings at Llandeilo by W.R.H . Powell . Although Pugh attracted some criticism for his support of the abolition of church rates , he was returned unopposed , along with David Jones of Pangals , at the General Election of 1859 . During this period his politics were often regarded as somewhat ambiguous and he was described as both a Liberal and a Conservative . This proved his undoing at the 1868 General Election when he was defeated in a four-cornered contest for the two seats . On the one hand , Edward Sartoris , a radical Liberal actively sought the support of both the radical wing of the Liberal Party and the powerful nonconformist interest . The Conservatives , meanwhile , fielded both John Jones ( brother of the previous member , David Jones , who stood down ) and Henry Puxley , a landowner with extensive interests in Ireland . There was much focus during the campaign upon disestablishment of the Church of England in Ireland and Pughs views were regarded as vague , thus alienating both traditional Conservatives who supported Jones and Puxley , and the more radical Liberals who were supported Sartoris . Pugh , who had been returned unopposed at previous elections , fought a lacklustre campaign , which was chiefly brought to life by the active support of Pughs close friend , W.R.H . Powell . Although the result was determined to a great extent by a significant increase in the number of industrial workers who were enfranchised , Pughs defeat was later ascribed to his hazy and indefinite opinions . He was said to have accepted his defeat with good humour but was thereafter regarded as a supporter of Gladstone . Later political career : MP for East Carmarthenshire , 1885-1890 . Following his defeat , Pugh withdrew from active political life for some years , but served as High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1874 . In later years , Pughs political views became more radical , and in 1884 he presided at a great demonstration , attended by hundreds of agricultural labourers , in Carmarthen in favour of franchise reform . By 1885 he fully supported disestablishment of the Church of England in Wales . Following the boundary changes introduced as a result of the 1884 Reform Act , the Carmarthenshire parliamentary constituency was divided into eastern and western divisions . The sitting Liberal member , W.R.H . Powell chose to contest the Western division against the other sitting member , Lord Emlyn . However , the Eastern division which contained industrial settlements emerging as a result of the anthracite coal-mining and tinplate industries was considered to be the strongest for the Liberals , as a result of the increased numbers of working-class voters in these communities . For example , the number of voters in that part of the parish of Llanelli that was outside the borough constituency rose from 615 to 1,500 , Similarly , the electorate in Pembrey increased from 377 to 1,000 , in Hendy from 190 to 620 , in Brynamman from 175 to 450 , and in Cwmamman from 164 to 550 . Nearing eighty years of age , Pugh emerged as a contender for the Liberal nomination and addressed the inaugural meeting of the new Liberal association at Ammanford alongside Lewis Morris and John Lloyd Morgan . Some weeks later , the first gathering of the Council of the new Liberal Association saw Pugh unanimously selected as candidate . He was elected with a large majority over Sir Marteine Lloyd of Bronwydd . Pugh supported Gladstones Irish Home Rule Bill and was re-elected unopposed when a further general election was held in 1886 . Within two years , however , there was increasing criticism within the Liberal Association of Pughs conduct as member , and particularly his absence from what were perceived to be important divisions in the Commons . He made no recorded contributions to Commons debates during his post-1885 Commons service . It was claimed in January 1888 that , apart from a short speech when re-elected in 1886 , he had made no political speeches in the constituency since his election . Following the annual meeting of the Liberal Association at Ammanford on 23 May 1888 , when these criticisms were aired by younger members of the Association , a special meeting was called on 30 June to consider the representation of the division . A number of alternative candidates were suggested for the next election and the Rev . Towyn Jones declared that any future candidate should be a radical and a nonconformist . His attendance at the Commons again led to criticism at the annual meeting the following year . In June 1890 , Pugh announced that he would not be seeking re-election . He died soon afterwards . Pugh never married . He died at the Metropole Hotel in London , aged 84 . He left the bulk of his estate to his kinsman , John Beynon of Trewern , Pembrokeshire . |
[
"MP for East Carmarthenshire"
] | easy | What was the position of David Pugh (British politician) from Dec 1885 to Jun 1886? | /wiki/David_Pugh_(British_politician)#P39#1 | David Pugh ( British politician ) David Pugh ( 1806 – 12 July 1890 ) was a Welsh landowner and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1857 until 1868 and again from 1885 until his death in 1890 . Early life and career . Pugh was born at Green Hill , Llandeilo , Carmarthenshire ( which was later renamed Manoravon ) , the eldest son of Colonel David Heron Pugh , who was High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1819 , and his wife Elizabeth Beynon , daughter of William Beynon of Trewern , Llanddewi Velfrey , Pembrokeshire . His brother , John William Pugh , was Vicar of Llandeilo for fifteen years . Pugh was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College , Oxford , graduating in 1828 . In 1837 he was called to the Bar at Inner Temple and for some years he practiced on the Northern Circuit . Local Government and Administration . From an early age , Pugh took a close interest in the life of his locality and never devoted himself fully to a legal career . From 1843 until 1852 he was Chairman of the Carmarthesnhire Quarter Sessions , and also served as a Justice of the Peace for Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire and as Deputy Lieutenant . He held a commission as a captain in the Carmarthenshire Rifle Volunteers . Following the death of his brother in 1852 , Pugh abandoned his legal career and settled at Manoravon , where he set about developing the estate . He purchased a considerable proportion of the neighbouring Gulston estate for £45,000 and also owned property through his mothers family in the Teifi valley and at St Clears . He was regarded as a popular landlord , partly due to his practice of supporting local tradesmen rather than those based in London . At the time of his death it was said that he regularly granted rent abatements at times of agricultural depression . This was often cited as a reason for his political success , particularly in later life . Pugh owned nearly of land.and was a well known breeder of shorthorn cattle . He was patron and speaker at the Carmarthen Eisteddfod of 1867 . He was owner of the Pwll Perkins mine , or Garnant Colliery where a disaster led to the loss of 10 lives in 1884 . In 1887 he presented a church clock to Llandeilo Parish Church , although the issue of its upkeep caused controversy in the locality . Political career : MP for Carmarthenshire , 1857-1868 . In 1857 , following the death of David Saunders Davies , Pugh emerged as a candidate for Carmarthenshire and served until 1868 . The local Conservative newspaper , the Carmarthen Journal , favoured John Lloyd Davies , former member for Cardigan , and regarded Pugh as an untried man . However , Pugh carried the day , having been proposed at the hustings at Llandeilo by W.R.H . Powell . Although Pugh attracted some criticism for his support of the abolition of church rates , he was returned unopposed , along with David Jones of Pangals , at the General Election of 1859 . During this period his politics were often regarded as somewhat ambiguous and he was described as both a Liberal and a Conservative . This proved his undoing at the 1868 General Election when he was defeated in a four-cornered contest for the two seats . On the one hand , Edward Sartoris , a radical Liberal actively sought the support of both the radical wing of the Liberal Party and the powerful nonconformist interest . The Conservatives , meanwhile , fielded both John Jones ( brother of the previous member , David Jones , who stood down ) and Henry Puxley , a landowner with extensive interests in Ireland . There was much focus during the campaign upon disestablishment of the Church of England in Ireland and Pughs views were regarded as vague , thus alienating both traditional Conservatives who supported Jones and Puxley , and the more radical Liberals who were supported Sartoris . Pugh , who had been returned unopposed at previous elections , fought a lacklustre campaign , which was chiefly brought to life by the active support of Pughs close friend , W.R.H . Powell . Although the result was determined to a great extent by a significant increase in the number of industrial workers who were enfranchised , Pughs defeat was later ascribed to his hazy and indefinite opinions . He was said to have accepted his defeat with good humour but was thereafter regarded as a supporter of Gladstone . Later political career : MP for East Carmarthenshire , 1885-1890 . Following his defeat , Pugh withdrew from active political life for some years , but served as High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1874 . In later years , Pughs political views became more radical , and in 1884 he presided at a great demonstration , attended by hundreds of agricultural labourers , in Carmarthen in favour of franchise reform . By 1885 he fully supported disestablishment of the Church of England in Wales . Following the boundary changes introduced as a result of the 1884 Reform Act , the Carmarthenshire parliamentary constituency was divided into eastern and western divisions . The sitting Liberal member , W.R.H . Powell chose to contest the Western division against the other sitting member , Lord Emlyn . However , the Eastern division which contained industrial settlements emerging as a result of the anthracite coal-mining and tinplate industries was considered to be the strongest for the Liberals , as a result of the increased numbers of working-class voters in these communities . For example , the number of voters in that part of the parish of Llanelli that was outside the borough constituency rose from 615 to 1,500 , Similarly , the electorate in Pembrey increased from 377 to 1,000 , in Hendy from 190 to 620 , in Brynamman from 175 to 450 , and in Cwmamman from 164 to 550 . Nearing eighty years of age , Pugh emerged as a contender for the Liberal nomination and addressed the inaugural meeting of the new Liberal association at Ammanford alongside Lewis Morris and John Lloyd Morgan . Some weeks later , the first gathering of the Council of the new Liberal Association saw Pugh unanimously selected as candidate . He was elected with a large majority over Sir Marteine Lloyd of Bronwydd . Pugh supported Gladstones Irish Home Rule Bill and was re-elected unopposed when a further general election was held in 1886 . Within two years , however , there was increasing criticism within the Liberal Association of Pughs conduct as member , and particularly his absence from what were perceived to be important divisions in the Commons . He made no recorded contributions to Commons debates during his post-1885 Commons service . It was claimed in January 1888 that , apart from a short speech when re-elected in 1886 , he had made no political speeches in the constituency since his election . Following the annual meeting of the Liberal Association at Ammanford on 23 May 1888 , when these criticisms were aired by younger members of the Association , a special meeting was called on 30 June to consider the representation of the division . A number of alternative candidates were suggested for the next election and the Rev . Towyn Jones declared that any future candidate should be a radical and a nonconformist . His attendance at the Commons again led to criticism at the annual meeting the following year . In June 1890 , Pugh announced that he would not be seeking re-election . He died soon afterwards . Pugh never married . He died at the Metropole Hotel in London , aged 84 . He left the bulk of his estate to his kinsman , John Beynon of Trewern , Pembrokeshire . |
[
"MP for East Carmarthenshire"
] | easy | David Pugh (British politician) took which position from Jul 1886 to Jul 1890? | /wiki/David_Pugh_(British_politician)#P39#2 | David Pugh ( British politician ) David Pugh ( 1806 – 12 July 1890 ) was a Welsh landowner and Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1857 until 1868 and again from 1885 until his death in 1890 . Early life and career . Pugh was born at Green Hill , Llandeilo , Carmarthenshire ( which was later renamed Manoravon ) , the eldest son of Colonel David Heron Pugh , who was High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1819 , and his wife Elizabeth Beynon , daughter of William Beynon of Trewern , Llanddewi Velfrey , Pembrokeshire . His brother , John William Pugh , was Vicar of Llandeilo for fifteen years . Pugh was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College , Oxford , graduating in 1828 . In 1837 he was called to the Bar at Inner Temple and for some years he practiced on the Northern Circuit . Local Government and Administration . From an early age , Pugh took a close interest in the life of his locality and never devoted himself fully to a legal career . From 1843 until 1852 he was Chairman of the Carmarthesnhire Quarter Sessions , and also served as a Justice of the Peace for Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire and as Deputy Lieutenant . He held a commission as a captain in the Carmarthenshire Rifle Volunteers . Following the death of his brother in 1852 , Pugh abandoned his legal career and settled at Manoravon , where he set about developing the estate . He purchased a considerable proportion of the neighbouring Gulston estate for £45,000 and also owned property through his mothers family in the Teifi valley and at St Clears . He was regarded as a popular landlord , partly due to his practice of supporting local tradesmen rather than those based in London . At the time of his death it was said that he regularly granted rent abatements at times of agricultural depression . This was often cited as a reason for his political success , particularly in later life . Pugh owned nearly of land.and was a well known breeder of shorthorn cattle . He was patron and speaker at the Carmarthen Eisteddfod of 1867 . He was owner of the Pwll Perkins mine , or Garnant Colliery where a disaster led to the loss of 10 lives in 1884 . In 1887 he presented a church clock to Llandeilo Parish Church , although the issue of its upkeep caused controversy in the locality . Political career : MP for Carmarthenshire , 1857-1868 . In 1857 , following the death of David Saunders Davies , Pugh emerged as a candidate for Carmarthenshire and served until 1868 . The local Conservative newspaper , the Carmarthen Journal , favoured John Lloyd Davies , former member for Cardigan , and regarded Pugh as an untried man . However , Pugh carried the day , having been proposed at the hustings at Llandeilo by W.R.H . Powell . Although Pugh attracted some criticism for his support of the abolition of church rates , he was returned unopposed , along with David Jones of Pangals , at the General Election of 1859 . During this period his politics were often regarded as somewhat ambiguous and he was described as both a Liberal and a Conservative . This proved his undoing at the 1868 General Election when he was defeated in a four-cornered contest for the two seats . On the one hand , Edward Sartoris , a radical Liberal actively sought the support of both the radical wing of the Liberal Party and the powerful nonconformist interest . The Conservatives , meanwhile , fielded both John Jones ( brother of the previous member , David Jones , who stood down ) and Henry Puxley , a landowner with extensive interests in Ireland . There was much focus during the campaign upon disestablishment of the Church of England in Ireland and Pughs views were regarded as vague , thus alienating both traditional Conservatives who supported Jones and Puxley , and the more radical Liberals who were supported Sartoris . Pugh , who had been returned unopposed at previous elections , fought a lacklustre campaign , which was chiefly brought to life by the active support of Pughs close friend , W.R.H . Powell . Although the result was determined to a great extent by a significant increase in the number of industrial workers who were enfranchised , Pughs defeat was later ascribed to his hazy and indefinite opinions . He was said to have accepted his defeat with good humour but was thereafter regarded as a supporter of Gladstone . Later political career : MP for East Carmarthenshire , 1885-1890 . Following his defeat , Pugh withdrew from active political life for some years , but served as High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1874 . In later years , Pughs political views became more radical , and in 1884 he presided at a great demonstration , attended by hundreds of agricultural labourers , in Carmarthen in favour of franchise reform . By 1885 he fully supported disestablishment of the Church of England in Wales . Following the boundary changes introduced as a result of the 1884 Reform Act , the Carmarthenshire parliamentary constituency was divided into eastern and western divisions . The sitting Liberal member , W.R.H . Powell chose to contest the Western division against the other sitting member , Lord Emlyn . However , the Eastern division which contained industrial settlements emerging as a result of the anthracite coal-mining and tinplate industries was considered to be the strongest for the Liberals , as a result of the increased numbers of working-class voters in these communities . For example , the number of voters in that part of the parish of Llanelli that was outside the borough constituency rose from 615 to 1,500 , Similarly , the electorate in Pembrey increased from 377 to 1,000 , in Hendy from 190 to 620 , in Brynamman from 175 to 450 , and in Cwmamman from 164 to 550 . Nearing eighty years of age , Pugh emerged as a contender for the Liberal nomination and addressed the inaugural meeting of the new Liberal association at Ammanford alongside Lewis Morris and John Lloyd Morgan . Some weeks later , the first gathering of the Council of the new Liberal Association saw Pugh unanimously selected as candidate . He was elected with a large majority over Sir Marteine Lloyd of Bronwydd . Pugh supported Gladstones Irish Home Rule Bill and was re-elected unopposed when a further general election was held in 1886 . Within two years , however , there was increasing criticism within the Liberal Association of Pughs conduct as member , and particularly his absence from what were perceived to be important divisions in the Commons . He made no recorded contributions to Commons debates during his post-1885 Commons service . It was claimed in January 1888 that , apart from a short speech when re-elected in 1886 , he had made no political speeches in the constituency since his election . Following the annual meeting of the Liberal Association at Ammanford on 23 May 1888 , when these criticisms were aired by younger members of the Association , a special meeting was called on 30 June to consider the representation of the division . A number of alternative candidates were suggested for the next election and the Rev . Towyn Jones declared that any future candidate should be a radical and a nonconformist . His attendance at the Commons again led to criticism at the annual meeting the following year . In June 1890 , Pugh announced that he would not be seeking re-election . He died soon afterwards . Pugh never married . He died at the Metropole Hotel in London , aged 84 . He left the bulk of his estate to his kinsman , John Beynon of Trewern , Pembrokeshire . |
[
"town councilor for Altsasu"
] | easy | Which position did Unai Hualde hold from 2003 to 2007? | /wiki/Unai_Hualde#P39#0 | Unai Hualde Unai Hualde Iglesias ( born 25 July 1976 ) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai . He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015 . He served as the First Vice-President of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019 , during its 9th term . In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term . Early life . His grandfather was imprisoned after the coup of 1936 . He is the son of Jose Mari Hualde and the txistulari Margari Iglesias . He was born in Altsasu , and he has two younger sisters . He holds a degree in Law from the University of Deusto , as well as a Masters Degree in Staff Management . Before entering politics he worked in the private sector as legal counselor in the area of Public and Administrative Law . Since 2007 he is on unpaid leave . He became a member of the Basque National Party in 1999 . Political career . Altsasu town council . He was elected as a town councilor for Altsasu in 2003 , as a member of the Altsasu Group ( Agrupación Altsasuarra / Altsasuko Taldea ) , an independent group linked to the Basque National Party . The group became second , winning three councilors , as many as the Socialist Party of Navarre , who became first . They formed and alliance with Aralar , and Hualde served as deputy mayor from 2003 to 2007 . In 2007 he was the leading candidate of the coalition Nafarroa Bai . The alliance won the election with four councilors , and Hualde was the mayor of Altsasu from 2007 to 2011 . He sought re-election in 2011 , but Nafarroa Bai was beaten by Bildu . Although both parties obtained four councilors , Bildu received more votes . Garazi Urrestarazu succeeded Hualde as the mayor , and from 2011 to 2015 he was a member of the local government . In 2015 Geroa Bai , de facto successor of Nafarroa Bai , was again the most voted party and Javier Ollo became the mayor . Hualde continued as town councilor until 2016 , when he resigned in order to focus on his work as Member of the Parliament of Navarre . In 2019 Geroa Bai won an overall majority in the town council . Hualde went on a symbolic place from the coalitions list . Parliament of Navarre . He stood on fourth place of the Geroa Bai list for the 2015 Navarrese regional election . The alliance became the second party in the parliament , obtaining nine seats . On 17 June 2015 he was elected First Vice-President of the Parliament by 26 votes from Geroa Bai , EH Bildu , Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra . In the 2019 Navarrese regional election Hualde stood on second place for Geroa Bai . On 19 June 2019 and after two rounds of voting he was elected President of the Parliament of Navarre with the support of the Socialist Party of Navarre , EH Bildu , Podemos-Ahal Dugu and Izquierda-Ezkerra . Within the Basque National Party . He became a member of the Basque National Party during the summer of 1999 , and in 2004 he was elected as member of the Navarrese Executive Branch of the party . From July 2015 to January 2016 he served as acting leader of the party in Navarre , after Manu Ayerdi had stood down in order to serve as the Economic Vice-President of the Government of Navarre . On January 2016 he was named the leader of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as more than 90% of members supported him . |
[
"mayor of Altsasu"
] | easy | What was the position of Unai Hualde from 2007 to 2011? | /wiki/Unai_Hualde#P39#1 | Unai Hualde Unai Hualde Iglesias ( born 25 July 1976 ) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai . He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015 . He served as the First Vice-President of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019 , during its 9th term . In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term . Early life . His grandfather was imprisoned after the coup of 1936 . He is the son of Jose Mari Hualde and the txistulari Margari Iglesias . He was born in Altsasu , and he has two younger sisters . He holds a degree in Law from the University of Deusto , as well as a Masters Degree in Staff Management . Before entering politics he worked in the private sector as legal counselor in the area of Public and Administrative Law . Since 2007 he is on unpaid leave . He became a member of the Basque National Party in 1999 . Political career . Altsasu town council . He was elected as a town councilor for Altsasu in 2003 , as a member of the Altsasu Group ( Agrupación Altsasuarra / Altsasuko Taldea ) , an independent group linked to the Basque National Party . The group became second , winning three councilors , as many as the Socialist Party of Navarre , who became first . They formed and alliance with Aralar , and Hualde served as deputy mayor from 2003 to 2007 . In 2007 he was the leading candidate of the coalition Nafarroa Bai . The alliance won the election with four councilors , and Hualde was the mayor of Altsasu from 2007 to 2011 . He sought re-election in 2011 , but Nafarroa Bai was beaten by Bildu . Although both parties obtained four councilors , Bildu received more votes . Garazi Urrestarazu succeeded Hualde as the mayor , and from 2011 to 2015 he was a member of the local government . In 2015 Geroa Bai , de facto successor of Nafarroa Bai , was again the most voted party and Javier Ollo became the mayor . Hualde continued as town councilor until 2016 , when he resigned in order to focus on his work as Member of the Parliament of Navarre . In 2019 Geroa Bai won an overall majority in the town council . Hualde went on a symbolic place from the coalitions list . Parliament of Navarre . He stood on fourth place of the Geroa Bai list for the 2015 Navarrese regional election . The alliance became the second party in the parliament , obtaining nine seats . On 17 June 2015 he was elected First Vice-President of the Parliament by 26 votes from Geroa Bai , EH Bildu , Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra . In the 2019 Navarrese regional election Hualde stood on second place for Geroa Bai . On 19 June 2019 and after two rounds of voting he was elected President of the Parliament of Navarre with the support of the Socialist Party of Navarre , EH Bildu , Podemos-Ahal Dugu and Izquierda-Ezkerra . Within the Basque National Party . He became a member of the Basque National Party during the summer of 1999 , and in 2004 he was elected as member of the Navarrese Executive Branch of the party . From July 2015 to January 2016 he served as acting leader of the party in Navarre , after Manu Ayerdi had stood down in order to serve as the Economic Vice-President of the Government of Navarre . On January 2016 he was named the leader of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as more than 90% of members supported him . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the position of Unai Hualde from 2015 to Jun 2015? | /wiki/Unai_Hualde#P39#2 | Unai Hualde Unai Hualde Iglesias ( born 25 July 1976 ) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai . He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015 . He served as the First Vice-President of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019 , during its 9th term . In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term . Early life . His grandfather was imprisoned after the coup of 1936 . He is the son of Jose Mari Hualde and the txistulari Margari Iglesias . He was born in Altsasu , and he has two younger sisters . He holds a degree in Law from the University of Deusto , as well as a Masters Degree in Staff Management . Before entering politics he worked in the private sector as legal counselor in the area of Public and Administrative Law . Since 2007 he is on unpaid leave . He became a member of the Basque National Party in 1999 . Political career . Altsasu town council . He was elected as a town councilor for Altsasu in 2003 , as a member of the Altsasu Group ( Agrupación Altsasuarra / Altsasuko Taldea ) , an independent group linked to the Basque National Party . The group became second , winning three councilors , as many as the Socialist Party of Navarre , who became first . They formed and alliance with Aralar , and Hualde served as deputy mayor from 2003 to 2007 . In 2007 he was the leading candidate of the coalition Nafarroa Bai . The alliance won the election with four councilors , and Hualde was the mayor of Altsasu from 2007 to 2011 . He sought re-election in 2011 , but Nafarroa Bai was beaten by Bildu . Although both parties obtained four councilors , Bildu received more votes . Garazi Urrestarazu succeeded Hualde as the mayor , and from 2011 to 2015 he was a member of the local government . In 2015 Geroa Bai , de facto successor of Nafarroa Bai , was again the most voted party and Javier Ollo became the mayor . Hualde continued as town councilor until 2016 , when he resigned in order to focus on his work as Member of the Parliament of Navarre . In 2019 Geroa Bai won an overall majority in the town council . Hualde went on a symbolic place from the coalitions list . Parliament of Navarre . He stood on fourth place of the Geroa Bai list for the 2015 Navarrese regional election . The alliance became the second party in the parliament , obtaining nine seats . On 17 June 2015 he was elected First Vice-President of the Parliament by 26 votes from Geroa Bai , EH Bildu , Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra . In the 2019 Navarrese regional election Hualde stood on second place for Geroa Bai . On 19 June 2019 and after two rounds of voting he was elected President of the Parliament of Navarre with the support of the Socialist Party of Navarre , EH Bildu , Podemos-Ahal Dugu and Izquierda-Ezkerra . Within the Basque National Party . He became a member of the Basque National Party during the summer of 1999 , and in 2004 he was elected as member of the Navarrese Executive Branch of the party . From July 2015 to January 2016 he served as acting leader of the party in Navarre , after Manu Ayerdi had stood down in order to serve as the Economic Vice-President of the Government of Navarre . On January 2016 he was named the leader of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as more than 90% of members supported him . |
[
"Parliament of Navarre"
] | easy | Which position did Unai Hualde hold from Jun 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Unai_Hualde#P39#3 | Unai Hualde Unai Hualde Iglesias ( born 25 July 1976 ) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai . He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015 . He served as the First Vice-President of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019 , during its 9th term . In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term . Early life . His grandfather was imprisoned after the coup of 1936 . He is the son of Jose Mari Hualde and the txistulari Margari Iglesias . He was born in Altsasu , and he has two younger sisters . He holds a degree in Law from the University of Deusto , as well as a Masters Degree in Staff Management . Before entering politics he worked in the private sector as legal counselor in the area of Public and Administrative Law . Since 2007 he is on unpaid leave . He became a member of the Basque National Party in 1999 . Political career . Altsasu town council . He was elected as a town councilor for Altsasu in 2003 , as a member of the Altsasu Group ( Agrupación Altsasuarra / Altsasuko Taldea ) , an independent group linked to the Basque National Party . The group became second , winning three councilors , as many as the Socialist Party of Navarre , who became first . They formed and alliance with Aralar , and Hualde served as deputy mayor from 2003 to 2007 . In 2007 he was the leading candidate of the coalition Nafarroa Bai . The alliance won the election with four councilors , and Hualde was the mayor of Altsasu from 2007 to 2011 . He sought re-election in 2011 , but Nafarroa Bai was beaten by Bildu . Although both parties obtained four councilors , Bildu received more votes . Garazi Urrestarazu succeeded Hualde as the mayor , and from 2011 to 2015 he was a member of the local government . In 2015 Geroa Bai , de facto successor of Nafarroa Bai , was again the most voted party and Javier Ollo became the mayor . Hualde continued as town councilor until 2016 , when he resigned in order to focus on his work as Member of the Parliament of Navarre . In 2019 Geroa Bai won an overall majority in the town council . Hualde went on a symbolic place from the coalitions list . Parliament of Navarre . He stood on fourth place of the Geroa Bai list for the 2015 Navarrese regional election . The alliance became the second party in the parliament , obtaining nine seats . On 17 June 2015 he was elected First Vice-President of the Parliament by 26 votes from Geroa Bai , EH Bildu , Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra . In the 2019 Navarrese regional election Hualde stood on second place for Geroa Bai . On 19 June 2019 and after two rounds of voting he was elected President of the Parliament of Navarre with the support of the Socialist Party of Navarre , EH Bildu , Podemos-Ahal Dugu and Izquierda-Ezkerra . Within the Basque National Party . He became a member of the Basque National Party during the summer of 1999 , and in 2004 he was elected as member of the Navarrese Executive Branch of the party . From July 2015 to January 2016 he served as acting leader of the party in Navarre , after Manu Ayerdi had stood down in order to serve as the Economic Vice-President of the Government of Navarre . On January 2016 he was named the leader of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as more than 90% of members supported him . |
[
""
] | easy | What position did Unai Hualde take from 2016 to Jun 2020? | /wiki/Unai_Hualde#P39#4 | Unai Hualde Unai Hualde Iglesias ( born 25 July 1976 ) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai . He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015 . He served as the First Vice-President of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019 , during its 9th term . In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term . Early life . His grandfather was imprisoned after the coup of 1936 . He is the son of Jose Mari Hualde and the txistulari Margari Iglesias . He was born in Altsasu , and he has two younger sisters . He holds a degree in Law from the University of Deusto , as well as a Masters Degree in Staff Management . Before entering politics he worked in the private sector as legal counselor in the area of Public and Administrative Law . Since 2007 he is on unpaid leave . He became a member of the Basque National Party in 1999 . Political career . Altsasu town council . He was elected as a town councilor for Altsasu in 2003 , as a member of the Altsasu Group ( Agrupación Altsasuarra / Altsasuko Taldea ) , an independent group linked to the Basque National Party . The group became second , winning three councilors , as many as the Socialist Party of Navarre , who became first . They formed and alliance with Aralar , and Hualde served as deputy mayor from 2003 to 2007 . In 2007 he was the leading candidate of the coalition Nafarroa Bai . The alliance won the election with four councilors , and Hualde was the mayor of Altsasu from 2007 to 2011 . He sought re-election in 2011 , but Nafarroa Bai was beaten by Bildu . Although both parties obtained four councilors , Bildu received more votes . Garazi Urrestarazu succeeded Hualde as the mayor , and from 2011 to 2015 he was a member of the local government . In 2015 Geroa Bai , de facto successor of Nafarroa Bai , was again the most voted party and Javier Ollo became the mayor . Hualde continued as town councilor until 2016 , when he resigned in order to focus on his work as Member of the Parliament of Navarre . In 2019 Geroa Bai won an overall majority in the town council . Hualde went on a symbolic place from the coalitions list . Parliament of Navarre . He stood on fourth place of the Geroa Bai list for the 2015 Navarrese regional election . The alliance became the second party in the parliament , obtaining nine seats . On 17 June 2015 he was elected First Vice-President of the Parliament by 26 votes from Geroa Bai , EH Bildu , Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra . In the 2019 Navarrese regional election Hualde stood on second place for Geroa Bai . On 19 June 2019 and after two rounds of voting he was elected President of the Parliament of Navarre with the support of the Socialist Party of Navarre , EH Bildu , Podemos-Ahal Dugu and Izquierda-Ezkerra . Within the Basque National Party . He became a member of the Basque National Party during the summer of 1999 , and in 2004 he was elected as member of the Navarrese Executive Branch of the party . From July 2015 to January 2016 he served as acting leader of the party in Navarre , after Manu Ayerdi had stood down in order to serve as the Economic Vice-President of the Government of Navarre . On January 2016 he was named the leader of the Basque National Party in Navarre , as more than 90% of members supported him . |
[
"Liv Kari Eskeland ( H )"
] | easy | Who was the head of Stord from 2007 to 2015? | /wiki/Stord#P6#0 | Stord Stord is a municipality in Vestland county , Norway . It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland . Stord is sometimes called Norway in miniature since it has such a variety of landscapes : coastline , fjords , forests , agricultural land , and mountain areas . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leirvik , which is also the largest town in the municipality and the whole region of Sunnhordland . Leirvik was declared a town in 1997 . Other population centres in the municipality include the large village of Sagvåg and the smaller villages of Litlabø and Grov . The municipality is the 316th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway . Stord is the 68th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,759 . The municipalitys population density is and its population has increased by 6.8% over the previous 10-year period . General information . The parish of Stordøen was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt law ) . In 1863 , the northern district of the municipality ( population : 2,313 ) was separated to become the new municipality of Fitjar . On 15 May 1868 , the southern district of Stordøen located on the mainland ( population : 900 ) was separated to form the new municipality of Valestrand . On 1 January 1898 , the southern part of the island of Huglo ( population : 117 ) was transferred from the neighboring municipality of Fjelberg to Stord . On 1 January 1970 , the small uninhabited part of the island of Stord along the Valvatnavågen that belonged to Bømlo was transferred to Stord municipality . Name . The municipality is named after the large island of Stord ( ) . The name is old and it was ( and still is ) used in Icelandic literature meaning ground or earth . Before 1889 , the name was written Stordøen . Coat of arms . The coat of arms was granted on 19 June 1987 . The arms shows a yellow twig of holly on a red background . The holly was chosen since it is a common tree in the municipality . The designer was Truls Nygaard . Churches . The Church of Norway has two parishes ( ) within the municipality of Stord . It is part of the Sunnhordland prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin . Geography . Stord is located on the southern half of the island of Stord ( the northern part is part of Fitjar Municipality ) . The municipality also includes the islands of Huglo Storstøya , Nautøya , and Føyno . The Hardangerfjorden runs along the southern border of the island municipality , separating it from the municipalities of Kvinnherad , Vindafjord , and Sveio . The Langenuen strait runs along the eastern side , separating it from Tysnes municipality . The Stokksundet and Digernessundet straits runs along the western border , separating it from the municipality of Bømlo . The mountain Mehammarsåto is the highest point in the municipality . History . The battle of Stord was fought on or by this island between the Norwegian king Hakon Haraldsson and the Danish king Harald Bluetooth Gormsson , supported by Hakons brothers sons led by Harald Greycloak Eiriksson . Economy . The 3 largest private employers in Stord municipality are : Kværner , Wärtsilä Norway AS and Leirvik AS . Together these three companies employ more than 3000 people . Kværner Stord , situated south of Leirvik on the peninsula of Eldøyane , is the largest yard in Norway . Aker Stord has built the biggest oil production platforms in the world , Gullfaks C and Troll . Transport . An extensive tunnel and bridge system , the Triangle Link , connected Stord to the mainland on 27 December 2000 and to the neighboring island of Bømlo on 30 April 2001 . The bridges involved are the Bømla Bridge and Stord Bridge and the tunnel is the Bømlafjord Tunnel . The airport in Stord is Stord Airport , Sørstokken , is located northwest of Sagvåg on the Sørstokken peninsula . On 10 October 2006 , Atlantic Airways Flight 670 skidded off the runway at the airport . Four people died . Health Care . Stord Hospital is a local hospital for the municipalities in Sunnhordland , with a total of around 50,000 inhabitants . The hospital has specialist health services in medicine , surgery , X-ray / lab and food / gynecology . Stord District Psychiatric Center ( DPS ) is close by and has specialist health services within mental health care for adults and children / adolescents . Stord ambulance station has premises in the same area and Sunnhordland inter-municipal emergency room is co-located with the hospital . Government . All municipalities in Norway , including Stord , are responsible for primary education ( through 10th grade ) , outpatient health services , senior citizen services , unemployment and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives , which in turn elect a mayor . The municipality falls under the Sunnhordland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal . Municipal council . The municipal council ( ) of Stord is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms . The party breakdown of the council is as follows : Mayor . The mayors of Stord ( incomplete list ) : - 2017–present : Gaute Straume Epland ( Ap ) - 2015-2017 : Harry Herstad ( Ap ) - 2007-2015 : Liv Kari Eskeland ( H ) - 1991-2007 : Magne Rommetveit ( Ap ) Notable people . - Lars Eskeland ( 1867–1942 ) a Norwegian educator , writer and proponent of Nynorsk - Olaf Lange ( 1875–1965 ) a Norwegian painter who visualised the complexity of the modern urban life with symbolistic paintings ; lived in Stord around 1950 - Olaf Kullmann ( 1892–1942 ) a Norwegian naval officer and then peace activist - Magne Rommetveit ( 1918–2009 ) a Norwegian lexicographer - Ragnar Rommetveit ( 1924–2017 ) a Norwegian psychologist and academic - Ivar Eskeland ( 1927–2005 ) a Norwegian philologist , publisher , translator , biographer , literary critic , newspaper editor , theatre worker and radio personality - Hans J . Røsjorde ( born 1941 ) a politician and County Governor of Oslo and Akershus 2001 to 2011 - Jan Kåre Hystad ( born 1955 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays saxophone , clarinet and flute - Rune Belsvik ( born 1956 ) a Norwegian novelist , playwright , short story writer and childrens writer - Magne Rommetveit ( born 1956 ) a politician , Mayor of Stord , 1992–2007 - Ole Jacob Hystad ( born 1960 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays tenor saxophone and clarinet - Janove Ottesen ( born 1975 ) a Norwegian musician , sings and plays guitar and barrels - Synnøve Macody Lund ( born 1976 ) a Norwegian journalist , film critic , model and actress - Obtained Enslavement ( formed 1989 in Stord - 2000 ) a black metal band from Stord Sport . - Geirmund Brendesæter ( born 1970 ) a Norwegian former footballer with nearly 300 club caps - Gro Espeseth ( born 1972 ) a former Norwegian footballer , with 105 caps for Norway women - Odd Christian Eiking ( born 1994 ) a Norwegian cyclist - Anders Mol ( born 1997 ) a Norwegian beach volleyball player External links . - Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway |
[
"Harry Herstad ( Ap )"
] | easy | Who was in charge of Stord from 2015 to 2017? | /wiki/Stord#P6#1 | Stord Stord is a municipality in Vestland county , Norway . It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland . Stord is sometimes called Norway in miniature since it has such a variety of landscapes : coastline , fjords , forests , agricultural land , and mountain areas . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leirvik , which is also the largest town in the municipality and the whole region of Sunnhordland . Leirvik was declared a town in 1997 . Other population centres in the municipality include the large village of Sagvåg and the smaller villages of Litlabø and Grov . The municipality is the 316th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway . Stord is the 68th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,759 . The municipalitys population density is and its population has increased by 6.8% over the previous 10-year period . General information . The parish of Stordøen was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt law ) . In 1863 , the northern district of the municipality ( population : 2,313 ) was separated to become the new municipality of Fitjar . On 15 May 1868 , the southern district of Stordøen located on the mainland ( population : 900 ) was separated to form the new municipality of Valestrand . On 1 January 1898 , the southern part of the island of Huglo ( population : 117 ) was transferred from the neighboring municipality of Fjelberg to Stord . On 1 January 1970 , the small uninhabited part of the island of Stord along the Valvatnavågen that belonged to Bømlo was transferred to Stord municipality . Name . The municipality is named after the large island of Stord ( ) . The name is old and it was ( and still is ) used in Icelandic literature meaning ground or earth . Before 1889 , the name was written Stordøen . Coat of arms . The coat of arms was granted on 19 June 1987 . The arms shows a yellow twig of holly on a red background . The holly was chosen since it is a common tree in the municipality . The designer was Truls Nygaard . Churches . The Church of Norway has two parishes ( ) within the municipality of Stord . It is part of the Sunnhordland prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin . Geography . Stord is located on the southern half of the island of Stord ( the northern part is part of Fitjar Municipality ) . The municipality also includes the islands of Huglo Storstøya , Nautøya , and Føyno . The Hardangerfjorden runs along the southern border of the island municipality , separating it from the municipalities of Kvinnherad , Vindafjord , and Sveio . The Langenuen strait runs along the eastern side , separating it from Tysnes municipality . The Stokksundet and Digernessundet straits runs along the western border , separating it from the municipality of Bømlo . The mountain Mehammarsåto is the highest point in the municipality . History . The battle of Stord was fought on or by this island between the Norwegian king Hakon Haraldsson and the Danish king Harald Bluetooth Gormsson , supported by Hakons brothers sons led by Harald Greycloak Eiriksson . Economy . The 3 largest private employers in Stord municipality are : Kværner , Wärtsilä Norway AS and Leirvik AS . Together these three companies employ more than 3000 people . Kværner Stord , situated south of Leirvik on the peninsula of Eldøyane , is the largest yard in Norway . Aker Stord has built the biggest oil production platforms in the world , Gullfaks C and Troll . Transport . An extensive tunnel and bridge system , the Triangle Link , connected Stord to the mainland on 27 December 2000 and to the neighboring island of Bømlo on 30 April 2001 . The bridges involved are the Bømla Bridge and Stord Bridge and the tunnel is the Bømlafjord Tunnel . The airport in Stord is Stord Airport , Sørstokken , is located northwest of Sagvåg on the Sørstokken peninsula . On 10 October 2006 , Atlantic Airways Flight 670 skidded off the runway at the airport . Four people died . Health Care . Stord Hospital is a local hospital for the municipalities in Sunnhordland , with a total of around 50,000 inhabitants . The hospital has specialist health services in medicine , surgery , X-ray / lab and food / gynecology . Stord District Psychiatric Center ( DPS ) is close by and has specialist health services within mental health care for adults and children / adolescents . Stord ambulance station has premises in the same area and Sunnhordland inter-municipal emergency room is co-located with the hospital . Government . All municipalities in Norway , including Stord , are responsible for primary education ( through 10th grade ) , outpatient health services , senior citizen services , unemployment and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives , which in turn elect a mayor . The municipality falls under the Sunnhordland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal . Municipal council . The municipal council ( ) of Stord is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms . The party breakdown of the council is as follows : Mayor . The mayors of Stord ( incomplete list ) : - 2017–present : Gaute Straume Epland ( Ap ) - 2015-2017 : Harry Herstad ( Ap ) - 2007-2015 : Liv Kari Eskeland ( H ) - 1991-2007 : Magne Rommetveit ( Ap ) Notable people . - Lars Eskeland ( 1867–1942 ) a Norwegian educator , writer and proponent of Nynorsk - Olaf Lange ( 1875–1965 ) a Norwegian painter who visualised the complexity of the modern urban life with symbolistic paintings ; lived in Stord around 1950 - Olaf Kullmann ( 1892–1942 ) a Norwegian naval officer and then peace activist - Magne Rommetveit ( 1918–2009 ) a Norwegian lexicographer - Ragnar Rommetveit ( 1924–2017 ) a Norwegian psychologist and academic - Ivar Eskeland ( 1927–2005 ) a Norwegian philologist , publisher , translator , biographer , literary critic , newspaper editor , theatre worker and radio personality - Hans J . Røsjorde ( born 1941 ) a politician and County Governor of Oslo and Akershus 2001 to 2011 - Jan Kåre Hystad ( born 1955 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays saxophone , clarinet and flute - Rune Belsvik ( born 1956 ) a Norwegian novelist , playwright , short story writer and childrens writer - Magne Rommetveit ( born 1956 ) a politician , Mayor of Stord , 1992–2007 - Ole Jacob Hystad ( born 1960 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays tenor saxophone and clarinet - Janove Ottesen ( born 1975 ) a Norwegian musician , sings and plays guitar and barrels - Synnøve Macody Lund ( born 1976 ) a Norwegian journalist , film critic , model and actress - Obtained Enslavement ( formed 1989 in Stord - 2000 ) a black metal band from Stord Sport . - Geirmund Brendesæter ( born 1970 ) a Norwegian former footballer with nearly 300 club caps - Gro Espeseth ( born 1972 ) a former Norwegian footballer , with 105 caps for Norway women - Odd Christian Eiking ( born 1994 ) a Norwegian cyclist - Anders Mol ( born 1997 ) a Norwegian beach volleyball player External links . - Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway |
[
"Gaute Straume Epland ( Ap )"
] | easy | Who was the chair of Stord from 2017 to 2018? | /wiki/Stord#P6#2 | Stord Stord is a municipality in Vestland county , Norway . It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland . Stord is sometimes called Norway in miniature since it has such a variety of landscapes : coastline , fjords , forests , agricultural land , and mountain areas . The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Leirvik , which is also the largest town in the municipality and the whole region of Sunnhordland . Leirvik was declared a town in 1997 . Other population centres in the municipality include the large village of Sagvåg and the smaller villages of Litlabø and Grov . The municipality is the 316th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway . Stord is the 68th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,759 . The municipalitys population density is and its population has increased by 6.8% over the previous 10-year period . General information . The parish of Stordøen was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 ( see formannskapsdistrikt law ) . In 1863 , the northern district of the municipality ( population : 2,313 ) was separated to become the new municipality of Fitjar . On 15 May 1868 , the southern district of Stordøen located on the mainland ( population : 900 ) was separated to form the new municipality of Valestrand . On 1 January 1898 , the southern part of the island of Huglo ( population : 117 ) was transferred from the neighboring municipality of Fjelberg to Stord . On 1 January 1970 , the small uninhabited part of the island of Stord along the Valvatnavågen that belonged to Bømlo was transferred to Stord municipality . Name . The municipality is named after the large island of Stord ( ) . The name is old and it was ( and still is ) used in Icelandic literature meaning ground or earth . Before 1889 , the name was written Stordøen . Coat of arms . The coat of arms was granted on 19 June 1987 . The arms shows a yellow twig of holly on a red background . The holly was chosen since it is a common tree in the municipality . The designer was Truls Nygaard . Churches . The Church of Norway has two parishes ( ) within the municipality of Stord . It is part of the Sunnhordland prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin . Geography . Stord is located on the southern half of the island of Stord ( the northern part is part of Fitjar Municipality ) . The municipality also includes the islands of Huglo Storstøya , Nautøya , and Føyno . The Hardangerfjorden runs along the southern border of the island municipality , separating it from the municipalities of Kvinnherad , Vindafjord , and Sveio . The Langenuen strait runs along the eastern side , separating it from Tysnes municipality . The Stokksundet and Digernessundet straits runs along the western border , separating it from the municipality of Bømlo . The mountain Mehammarsåto is the highest point in the municipality . History . The battle of Stord was fought on or by this island between the Norwegian king Hakon Haraldsson and the Danish king Harald Bluetooth Gormsson , supported by Hakons brothers sons led by Harald Greycloak Eiriksson . Economy . The 3 largest private employers in Stord municipality are : Kværner , Wärtsilä Norway AS and Leirvik AS . Together these three companies employ more than 3000 people . Kværner Stord , situated south of Leirvik on the peninsula of Eldøyane , is the largest yard in Norway . Aker Stord has built the biggest oil production platforms in the world , Gullfaks C and Troll . Transport . An extensive tunnel and bridge system , the Triangle Link , connected Stord to the mainland on 27 December 2000 and to the neighboring island of Bømlo on 30 April 2001 . The bridges involved are the Bømla Bridge and Stord Bridge and the tunnel is the Bømlafjord Tunnel . The airport in Stord is Stord Airport , Sørstokken , is located northwest of Sagvåg on the Sørstokken peninsula . On 10 October 2006 , Atlantic Airways Flight 670 skidded off the runway at the airport . Four people died . Health Care . Stord Hospital is a local hospital for the municipalities in Sunnhordland , with a total of around 50,000 inhabitants . The hospital has specialist health services in medicine , surgery , X-ray / lab and food / gynecology . Stord District Psychiatric Center ( DPS ) is close by and has specialist health services within mental health care for adults and children / adolescents . Stord ambulance station has premises in the same area and Sunnhordland inter-municipal emergency room is co-located with the hospital . Government . All municipalities in Norway , including Stord , are responsible for primary education ( through 10th grade ) , outpatient health services , senior citizen services , unemployment and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads . The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives , which in turn elect a mayor . The municipality falls under the Sunnhordland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal . Municipal council . The municipal council ( ) of Stord is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms . The party breakdown of the council is as follows : Mayor . The mayors of Stord ( incomplete list ) : - 2017–present : Gaute Straume Epland ( Ap ) - 2015-2017 : Harry Herstad ( Ap ) - 2007-2015 : Liv Kari Eskeland ( H ) - 1991-2007 : Magne Rommetveit ( Ap ) Notable people . - Lars Eskeland ( 1867–1942 ) a Norwegian educator , writer and proponent of Nynorsk - Olaf Lange ( 1875–1965 ) a Norwegian painter who visualised the complexity of the modern urban life with symbolistic paintings ; lived in Stord around 1950 - Olaf Kullmann ( 1892–1942 ) a Norwegian naval officer and then peace activist - Magne Rommetveit ( 1918–2009 ) a Norwegian lexicographer - Ragnar Rommetveit ( 1924–2017 ) a Norwegian psychologist and academic - Ivar Eskeland ( 1927–2005 ) a Norwegian philologist , publisher , translator , biographer , literary critic , newspaper editor , theatre worker and radio personality - Hans J . Røsjorde ( born 1941 ) a politician and County Governor of Oslo and Akershus 2001 to 2011 - Jan Kåre Hystad ( born 1955 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays saxophone , clarinet and flute - Rune Belsvik ( born 1956 ) a Norwegian novelist , playwright , short story writer and childrens writer - Magne Rommetveit ( born 1956 ) a politician , Mayor of Stord , 1992–2007 - Ole Jacob Hystad ( born 1960 ) a Norwegian jazz musician , plays tenor saxophone and clarinet - Janove Ottesen ( born 1975 ) a Norwegian musician , sings and plays guitar and barrels - Synnøve Macody Lund ( born 1976 ) a Norwegian journalist , film critic , model and actress - Obtained Enslavement ( formed 1989 in Stord - 2000 ) a black metal band from Stord Sport . - Geirmund Brendesæter ( born 1970 ) a Norwegian former footballer with nearly 300 club caps - Gro Espeseth ( born 1972 ) a former Norwegian footballer , with 105 caps for Norway women - Odd Christian Eiking ( born 1994 ) a Norwegian cyclist - Anders Mol ( born 1997 ) a Norwegian beach volleyball player External links . - Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway |
[
"Bangor City"
] | easy | Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#0 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Welshpool Town"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2004 to 2005? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#1 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Accrington Stanley",
"Ipswich Town"
] | easy | Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2005 to 2007? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#2 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Huddersfield Town"
] | easy | Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2008 to 2012? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#3 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Swindon Town"
] | easy | Which team did Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#4 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Chesterfield"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gary Roberts (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2013 to 2015? | /wiki/Gary_Roberts_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#5 | Gary Roberts ( footballer , born 1984 ) Gareth Michael Roberts ( born 18 March 1984 ) is an English professional football coach and former player , who is currently first-team coach at EFL League One side Ipswich Town . Roberts has played in both the English football league system ( playing in the Football League and Conference ) as well as playing in the Welsh Premier League , and has played in all three divisions of the Football League . Roberts was capped four times for England C when playing at semi-professional level . Club career . Early career . Born in Liverpool , Roberts begin his career with the Liverpool Academy but was dropped in 2001 . He then went on to play for the youth teams at two Welsh clubs Denbigh Town and Bala Town . He then went on to play first team football for three Welsh clubs . Signing for Rhyl in 2003 where he played three times before moving on to Welsh Premier League side Bangor City where he played 22 times scoring once between 2003 and 2004 . He then moving to Welshpool Town for the 2004–2005 season where he played 20 times scoring nine goals . Accrington Stanley . Roberts signed for Conference National side Accrington Stanley in the second half of the 2004–05 season . He made his Stanley debut in their 2–1 home win over Morecambe on 19 March 2005 . His first goal for them came in their 2–2 home draw with York City on 28 March 2005 . He made his first start of the 2005–06 season in their 1–0 home victory over Canvey Island on the opening day of the season . Roberts scored his first goal of the 2005–06 season in Stanleys 4–2 win over Crawley Town on 17 September 2005 . Roberts was part of the Accrington Stanley side that won the 2005–06 Conference National Championship after playing 42 league games scoring 13 goals . Roberts played his first game of the 2006–07 season for Stanley in on the opening day of the season in Stanleys 2–0 away defeat to Chester City . His first goal of the season came in their 1–1 home draw with Rochdale on 26 August 2006 . Roberts was then loaned out to Football League Championship side Ipswich Town , after making 14 league appearances and scoring eight times for Stanley in the 2006–07 season . The loan move was made permanent in the January transfer window of the same season . Ipswich Town . He moved to Ipswich Town on loan from Accrington Stanley in October 2006 . He made his debut in 3–2 loss at home to Preston North End on 17 October 2006 . He scored his first goal for Ipswich against Derby County in November 2006 . He played 14 times scoring two goals during his loan spell there , impressing enough to earn a permanent four-year deal with the club in January 2007 . He started the 2007–08 season with a goal in the 4–1 win over Sheffield Wednesday but seen lost his place in the side having to settle for coming on as a substitute of being left on the bench . On 12 February 2008 , Roberts joined League One side Crewe Alexandra on a one-month loan , joining another Gary Roberts at the club . He made his first appearances for the club in their 1–0 win over Leyton Orient on 12 February 2008 . Roberts made four appearances for Crewe before returning to Ipswich in March . Roberts played an extra three matches for Ipswich before the end of the season , bringing his season total to 21 for the 2007–08 season with only 10 being start and 11 coming off the bench . Roberts then left Ipswich in August 2008 to join League one side Huddersfield Town after making 44 appearances scoring four times in the league between 2006 and 2008 . Huddersfield Town . At the end of the 2007–08 season , Roberts was transfer listed and joined Huddersfield Town on 29 July 2008 for a fee of around £250,000 . 2008–09 season . He along with five other players made his Huddersfield Town debut in the 1–1 draw against Stockport County at the Galpharm Stadium on 9 August 2008 . On 12 August , he scored his first two goals in the 4–0 win against local rivals Bradford City in the first round of the League Cup to send Huddersfield through to the second round . His first league goal for Huddersfield was a consolation goal in their 3–1 defeat by Milton Keynes Dons on 23 August 2008 . On 25 April 2009 , he won three awards at the clubs Player of the Year Awards . He won the Best Goal for his goal against Hereford United in December , the Fans Players of the Season and the Players Player of the Season awards . As well as being top goal scorer with 11 goals in all competitions . Roberts signed a new three-year deal with Huddersfield Town on 2 July 2009 . 2009–10 season . Roberts made his first start of the 2009–10 season in Huddersfields 2–2 opening day draw away at Southend United , he scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season for the Terriers in their 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion . Town won by a four or more goal margin on five occasion when Roberts scored in the 2009–10 season including a 7–1 win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August , a 4–0 win over Leyton Orient in October , two goals in Towns 6–1 FA Cup win over Dagenham & Redbridge in November , one week later in their 6–0 thumping of Wycombe Wanderers as well as in their 6–0 away win at Stockport County in April 2010 . Roberts was given a retrospective red card after Towns game with Bristol Rovers forcing him to miss the Terriers next three games . He also scored an 85-minute equalizing goal over Huddersfield Towns local rivals Leeds United . He also retained his Fans Player of the Season award as well as picking up the Blue & White Foundation Player of the Season award . Roberts finished the season with 45 games in all competitions for Town and scoring nine goals making him joint third with Anthony Pilkington in Huddersfields top scores table for 2009–10 with seven of his goals coming in the league . 2011–12 season . At the start of the 2011–12 season , Roberts rejected a new contract at the club , however he made his first appearance of the season on the opening day scoring in the 1–1 draw at home to Bury on 6 August 2011 , with his second coming in the first round of the League Cup just three days later on 9 August 2011 in a 4–2 away win over Port Vale . He left the club in June 2012 , after not being offered a new contract by the manager , Simon Grayson . Swindon Town . Roberts signed for Swindon Town on 18 June 2012 and was included in their pre-season tour of Italy . On 19 February 2013 , during a game against Tranmere Rovers , Roberts scored a contender for goal of the season : a 70-yard strike lobbed over the Tranmere goalkeeper from Swindons own half . Chesterfield . Roberts signed for League Two club Chesterfield on a three-year contract on 22 June 2013 . Roberts scored his first goal for the Spireites during a 2–0 win over Cheltenham on his home debut , going on to become a popular figure among Chesterfields fan base . He also drew admiring glances from opposition managers , with Rochdale manager Keith Hill describing Roberts as The best player in the league after his goal and assist against the dale . He continued his form throughout the month of August , scoring 3 goals in six games as Chesterfield climbed to the top of the table , which saw Roberts named League Two player of the month , along with manager Paul Cook . Roberts received his first red card for the Spireites against arch-rivals Mansfield Town in a 1–0 defeat . Roberts returned from his suspension in the midst of Chesterfields worst run of the season , four matches without a win , until he scored in the home victory against Daventry Town in a 2–0 FA Cup win . Roberts scored twice against Oxford United on 15 March , and later that evening travelled to London for the Football League Awards in which he won League Two Player of the Year , beating Scott Hogan and Sam Winnall to win the prize . After defeating Fleetwood Town over two legs in the Football League Trophy area final , Roberts had the chance to play at Wembley Stadium for the second time in three years , however the Spireites succumbed to and 3–1 defeat by Peterborough United . Portsmouth . On 17 June 2015 Roberts joined Portsmouth on a three-year deal , stating that manager Paul Cook , Roberts manager at Chesterfield , was the main reason for him signing for the club . On 22 August 2015 , he scored a free kick and one further goal at home against Morecambe to rescue a point in a 3-3 comeback . In the 2016–17 season he scored twice in the second home game of the season against Colchester , one of which was a penalty and the other which was a deft chip over the Colchester goalkeeper . On 8 August 2017 , Roberts left the club by mutual consent , after winning the League Two title on the final day of the season . Wigan Athletic . On 29 August 2017 , Roberts signed for League One side Wigan Athletic . Wigan entered into contract talks with him at the end of the 2017–18 season . On 9 November 2020 it was announced that Roberts had left Wigan Athletic after three seasons with the club . He blamed the club’s financial problems for his exit . Bala Town . On 27 November 2020 , Roberts joined Cymru Premier side Bala Town . Accrington Stanley and retirement . On 4 January 2021 , Roberts re-joined EFL League One side Accrington Stanley on a contract until the end of the season , 16 years after signing for them in 2005 . Roberts had already played for Wigan and Bala in the 2020–2021 season , usually meaning he wouldnt be able to sign for a third team as players can only play for two teams in one season – however FIFA changed the rules for that season to allow players to play for three teams , to alleviate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on football . Roberts left the club by mutual consent in March 2021 to join former side Ipswich Town as first team coach , after which he retired from playing . Coaching career . Ipswich Town . In March 2021 , Roberts returned to Ipswich Town as a first-team coach following the appointment of former manager Paul Cook . International career . Roberts has represented England as he was capped four times by the England C , the team which represents England at semi-professional level during his time at Accrington Stanley between 2005 and 2006 . When he moved into the Football League he became ineligible to play for them . Honours . Accrington Stanley - Conference National : 2005–06 Huddersfield Town - Football League One play-offs : 2012 Chesterfield - Football League Two : 2013–14 - Football League Trophy runner-up : 2013–14 Portsmouth - EFL League Two : 2016–17 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One : 2017–18 Individual - Huddersfield Town Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Huddersfield Town Players Player of the Year : 2008–09 - Football League Two Player of the Month : August 2013 - PFA Team of the Year : 2013–14 League Two - Football League Two Player of the Year : 2013–14 External links . - Gary Roberts profile at the Ipswich Town F.C . website |
[
"Illinois Wesleyan University"
] | easy | Where was Lester C. Hunt educated from 1911 to 1913? | /wiki/Lester_C._Hunt#P69#0 | Lester C . Hunt Lester Callaway Hunt , Sr . ( July 8 , 1892June 19 , 1954 ) , was an American Democratic politician from the state of Wyoming . Hunt was the first to be elected to two consecutive terms as Wyomings governor , serving as its 19th Governor from January 4 , 1943 , to January 3 , 1949 . In 1948 , he was elected by an overwhelming margin to the U.S . Senate , and began his term on January 3 , 1949 . Hunt supported a number of federal social programs and advocated for federal support of low-cost health and dental insurance policies . He also supported a variety of programs proposed by the Eisenhower administration following the Republican landslide in the 1952 elections , including the abolition of racial segregation in the District of Columbia , and the expansion of Social Security . An outspoken opponent of Senator Joseph McCarthys anti-Communist campaign , Hunt challenged McCarthy and his senatorial allies by championing a proposed law restricting Congressional immunity and allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements . In June 1953 , Hunts son was arrested in Washington , D.C. , on charges of soliciting sex from an undercover male police officer ( homosexual acts were prohibited by law at the time ) . Several Republican senators , including McCarthy , threatened Hunt with prosecution of his son and wide publication of the event unless he abandoned plans to run for re-election and resigned immediately , which Hunt refused to do . His son was convicted and fined on October 6 , 1953 . On April 15 , 1954 , Hunt announced his intention to run for re-election . He changed his mind , however , after McCarthy renewed the threat to use his sons arrest against him . On June 19 , 1954 , Hunt committed suicide in his Senate office ; the suicide dealt a serious blow to McCarthys image and was one of the factors that led to his censure by the Senate later in 1954 . Early years . Born in Isabel in Edgar County in eastern Illinois , Hunt visited Wyoming for the first time as a semi-professional baseball player . He graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University and then worked as a railroad switchman to put himself through dental school at Saint Louis University . After graduating in 1917 , he moved to Lander , Wyoming , and established a practice . He joined the United States Army Dental Corps when the United States entered World War I , and served as a lieutenant from 1917 to 1919 . After postgraduate study at Northwestern University in 1920 , Hunt resumed his practice in Lander . He was president of the Wyoming State Dental Society and began his career in government when appointed as president of the Wyoming State Board of Dental Examiners , serving from 1924 to 1928 . Political career . Wyoming . Hunt was elected in 1933 to the Wyoming House of Representatives from Fremont County . He sponsored eugenics legislation that would have permitted the sterilization of inmates at Wyoming institutions if afflicted with insanity , idiocy , imbecility , feeblemindedness , or epilepsy . The legislation , though similar to that enacted in several neighboring states in the 1920s , failed , and he later regretted sponsoring it . He served two four-year terms as Wyoming Secretary of State from 1935 to 1943 . In 1935 , he commissioned muralist Allen Tupper True to design the Bucking Horse and Rider that has appeared on Wyoming license plates since 1936 . While serving as Secretary of State , Hunt personally claimed the copyright of the Wyoming Guidebook , a Work Projects Administration publication , after the Governor and legislature failed to act to preserve the bucking horse and rider design as the states intellectual property . The book proved popular , and there were questions as to whether Hunt benefited personally from its sales . He was able to demonstrate that he had endorsed all quarterly royalty checks and turned them over to the state treasurer , and he transferred the copyright to the State of Wyoming in 1942 . Hunt became the first person elected to two consecutive four-year terms as governor , serving from 1943 to 1949 . He faced hostile majorities in both houses of the legislature throughout his years as governor . The principal legislative accomplishment of his first term was the enactment of a retirement system for teachers . He repeatedly proposed a retirement system for state workers in his second term without success . During his first term , Republican U.S . Senator Edward V . Robertson charged that the Japanese citizens interned at Heart Mountain , Wyoming , were leading pampered lives and hoarding supplies . The Denver Post wrote an exposé backing his complaints . Hunt dismissed that as a political story and said that food stuffs cannot be brought into a city to feed 13,500 people in a wheel barrow and it would not be good business to bring it in every day . He toured the camp and said the internees living standard was , to my way of thinking , rather disgraceful . At the end of the war he wrote to the War Relocation Authority that We do not want a single one of these evacuees to remain in Wyoming . When President Roosevelt issued an executive order on March 16 , 1943 , creating Jackson Hole National Monument , Hunt joined in mobilizing opposition and said he would use state police to remove any federal official who tried to exert authority in the Monuments lands . Congress refused to fund the Monument until 1950 , when Wyomings two U.S . Senators , Joseph C . OMahoney and Hunt , reached a compromise with the Truman administration . It merged most of the Monuments lands into Grand Teton National Park , provided compensation for lost revenue , and protected local property owners . Hunt was a Wyoming delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940 , 1944 , and 1948 . He chaired the National Governors Association in 1948 . His official gubernatorial portrait was painted by artist Michele Rushworth and hangs in the state capitol building in Cheyenne , Wyoming . U.S . Senate election . Hunt was elected to the U.S . Senate in 1948 to a term beginning January 3 , 1949 , defeating incumbent Republican E.V . Robertson by an overwhelming margin . His political positions combined fiscal conservatism and opposition to big government with support for public housing and increased federal aid to education . During his tenure in the Senate , Hunt became a bitter enemy of Wisconsin senator Joseph R . McCarthy , and his criticism of McCarthys tactics marked him as a prime target in the 1954 election . For example , he campaigned for a law to restrict Congressional immunity by allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements . He called for reform of Senate rules : If situations confront the Congress in which it can no longer control its members by the rules of society , justice and fair play , then Congress has , I feel , a moral obligation to take drastic steps to remedy those situations . U.S . Senate tenure . In 1949 , he recommended that the American Medical Association ( AMA ) and the American Dental Association ( ADA ) consider endorsing a plan for the federal government to offer health insurance policies with low deductibles to cover medical , surgical , hospital , laboratory , nursing and dental services . He told an ADA convention that We cannot preserve the freedom of the practice of dentistry and medicine , we cannot keep dentistry and medicine uncontrolled and unregimented by the Federal Government , we cannot maintain our American free and independent practice in the health services by simply denouncing socialization or by a stand-pat opposition . He served on the Senate Crime Investigating Committee ( known as the Kefauver Committee ) and the Senate Armed Services Committee . He backed foreign aid programs and supported a call for disarmament designed to demonstrate that Russias peace proposals were not serious . Following Dwight Eisenhowers landslide victory in the 1952 election , Hunt announced that he felt obliged to support the administrations legislative proposals wherever possible . He cited complete agreement with plans for agricultural subsidies , the expansion of Social Security , the creation of a Fair Employment Practices Commission , and the abolition of segregation in the District of Columbia . Sons arrest and Hunts suicide . On June 9 , 1953 , Hunts 24-year-old son Lester Jr. , known as Buddy , who was a student and president of the student body at the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge , Massachusetts , was arrested in Washington , D.C. , for soliciting prostitution from a male undercover police officer in Lafayette Square , just north of and adjacent to the White House property . It was his first offense , which police normally handled quietly as a matter for the offenders family to address , but the arrest became known to Senate Republicans . According to Drew Pearsons Washington Merry-Go-Round column published after Hunts death , senators Styles Bridges and Herman Welker threatened that if Hunt did not immediately retire from the Senate and agree not to seek his seat in the 1954 election , they would see that his son was prosecuted and would widely publicize his sons arrest . In a closely divided Senate , Hunts resignation would have allowed Wyomings Republican governor to appoint a Republican to fill the remainder of Hunts term and to run as an incumbent in the 1954 election , possibly affecting the balance of power in the Senate in favor of Republicans . Hunt refused , and in response , Republican Senators threatened Inspector Roy Blick of the Morals Division of the Washington Police Department with the loss of his job for failing to prosecute Buddy Hunt . Buddy Hunt was prosecuted , and Senator Hunt attended the trial . On October 7 , 1953 , Buddy Hunt paid a fine for soliciting a plainclothes policeman for lewd and immoral purposes , and on the same day , the Washington Post published the story . Buddy Hunts attorney was quoted in an October 8 New York Times account as saying his client preferred to avoid any further publicity . Despite these brief media accounts , the arrest and prosecution of Buddy Hunt was not widely publicized at the time . In December 1953 , Hunt told journalist Pearson that he would not stand for re-election if the opposition used his sons arrest against him , fearing that the publicity would have a negative effect on his wifes health . Despite the threats of publicity from his political opponents , including a specific threat to distribute in Wyoming 25,000 leaflets about his sons arrest , Hunt did announce on April 15 , 1954 , that he would be a candidate for re-election . A poll taken on April 5 , 1954 , gave Hunt 54.5% support , with his nearest opponent at 19.3% . In May 1954 , as a member of the Senates liberal bloc , he proposed rules for Senate committees designed to eliminate some of Senator McCarthys tactics . Later that same month , Senator Bridges renewed his threat to publicize Hunt Jr.s offense to Wyoming voters . The Eisenhower administration , taking a different tack , offered Hunt a high-paying position on the U.S . Tariff Commission if he agreed never to run for the Senate again . On June 8 , 1954 , following a medical examination at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Hunt changed his mind about running again , and wrote to the chair of the Wyoming Democratic party , citing health concerns as the reason : I shall never again be a candidate for an elective office . He did not , however , resign from the Senate . On June 19 , 1954 , Senator Hunt shot himself at his desk in his Senate office , using a rifle he apparently brought from home , and died a few hours later in Casualty Hospital . The New York Times reported that he acted in apparent despondency over his health and left four sealed notes . Just one day before Hunts suicide , Senator McCarthy had accused an unnamed Senator of just plain wrong doing . After Hunts suicide , McCarthys Senate ally Karl Mundt of South Dakota denied that McCarthy was referring to Hunt . Aftermath . The day after Hunts suicide , Pearson published his charges about how Republican Senators had threatened Hunt , but described Hunts motives as complex : Two weeks ago he went to the hospital for a physical check and announced that he would not run again . It was no secret that he had been having kidney trouble for some time , but I am sure that on top of this , Lester Hunt , a much more sensitive soul than his colleagues realized , just could not bear the thought of having his sons misfortunes become the subject of whispers in his re-election campaign . In private , he confirmed that Hunt had no serious health problem and wrote in his diary that Unfortunately I am afraid that the morals charge against his son and the experience Hunt suffered was the main factor . Hunt was buried on June 22 in Cheyenne , Wyoming , at Beth El Cemetery following a brief church service in Cheyenne . At the time of his death Hunt was a major in the Army Reserve Corps . On June 24 , 1954 , acting Wyoming Governor Clifford Joy Rogers appointed Republican Edward D . Crippa to fill the remainder of Hunts Senate term . On July 4 , 1954 , the conservative Washington Times-Herald reported Buddy Hunts arrest and conviction from the previous year , with Senator Hunts death giving the story wider circulation than it had previously received . On July 9 , Blick signed an affidavit exonerating Bridges and Welker of pressuring him , but his decision to prosecute Buddy Hunt under circumstances which did not normally warrant prosecution remained unexplained . Following the election , on November 9 , 1954 , the Senate eulogized its members who had died recently and Senator Bridges called Hunt a man who demonstrated the best qualities of an American . He was loyal and he served well . Hunts cousin , William M . Spencer , president of the North American Car Corporation in Chicago , wrote Welker after learning he had eulogized Hunt : Democrat Joseph C . OMahoney won Hunts Senate seat in the November 1954 election , defeating Republican nominee William Henry Harrison III . Buddy Hunt later worked on the staff of Catholic Charities in Chicago and then for the Industrial Areas Foundation of Chicago . With his co-worker there , Nicholas von Hoffman , he co-authored a paper , The Meanings of Democracy : Puerto Rican Organizations in Chicago , that appeared in ETC. : A Review of General Semantics , an academic journal of linguistics in 1956 . In October 2015 , Buddy completed his first on-camera interview about his arrest and his fathers suicide . Buddy Hunt died in Chicago in January 2020 at the age of 92 . Later references . Allen Drury , a journalist who covered the U.S . Senate for United Press International , used Hunts blackmail and suicide as the basis for his 1959 best-selling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Advise and Consent . In the novel , Senator Fred Van Ackerman from Wyoming uses a homosexual affair to blackmail Utah Senator Brigham Anderson . In 1962 , the novel was made into a movie starring Henry Fonda and directed by Otto Preminger . University of Wyoming historian T.A . Larson , author of a history of the state , wrote an account of Hunts suicide and submitted it to Hunts widow Nathelle , seeking her permission to publish it . Instead she threatened him with a lawsuit and he never published the results of his research . Hunts anti-McCarthyism and his sons homosexuality are mentioned in Thomas Mallons Fellow Travelers ( 2007 ) , a novel set in the 1950s that describes a young mans introduction to hardball Washington politics as he discovers his gay identity . In 2013 , at a mock trial of Hunts Senate colleagues McCarthy , Welker , and Bridges , all three were found guilty of a variety of charges , including blackmail and causing bodily injury . Former Wyoming Governor Dave Freudenthal , who played the prosecuting attorney in the Cheyenne event , said : This particular part of Wyoming history had been swept under the rug . So Im really delighted to participate in drawing attention to it . The event was organized to coincide with the publication of a new study of Hunts death , Dying for Joe McCarthys Sins by Rodger McDaniel , a Presbyterian pastor , former Wyoming legislator ( 1971–1981 ) , and Democratic candidate for the U.S . Senate in 1982 . He used some of Larsons research . |
[
"Saint Louis University",
"Northwestern University"
] | easy | Where was Lester C. Hunt educated from 1913 to 1920? | /wiki/Lester_C._Hunt#P69#1 | Lester C . Hunt Lester Callaway Hunt , Sr . ( July 8 , 1892June 19 , 1954 ) , was an American Democratic politician from the state of Wyoming . Hunt was the first to be elected to two consecutive terms as Wyomings governor , serving as its 19th Governor from January 4 , 1943 , to January 3 , 1949 . In 1948 , he was elected by an overwhelming margin to the U.S . Senate , and began his term on January 3 , 1949 . Hunt supported a number of federal social programs and advocated for federal support of low-cost health and dental insurance policies . He also supported a variety of programs proposed by the Eisenhower administration following the Republican landslide in the 1952 elections , including the abolition of racial segregation in the District of Columbia , and the expansion of Social Security . An outspoken opponent of Senator Joseph McCarthys anti-Communist campaign , Hunt challenged McCarthy and his senatorial allies by championing a proposed law restricting Congressional immunity and allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements . In June 1953 , Hunts son was arrested in Washington , D.C. , on charges of soliciting sex from an undercover male police officer ( homosexual acts were prohibited by law at the time ) . Several Republican senators , including McCarthy , threatened Hunt with prosecution of his son and wide publication of the event unless he abandoned plans to run for re-election and resigned immediately , which Hunt refused to do . His son was convicted and fined on October 6 , 1953 . On April 15 , 1954 , Hunt announced his intention to run for re-election . He changed his mind , however , after McCarthy renewed the threat to use his sons arrest against him . On June 19 , 1954 , Hunt committed suicide in his Senate office ; the suicide dealt a serious blow to McCarthys image and was one of the factors that led to his censure by the Senate later in 1954 . Early years . Born in Isabel in Edgar County in eastern Illinois , Hunt visited Wyoming for the first time as a semi-professional baseball player . He graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University and then worked as a railroad switchman to put himself through dental school at Saint Louis University . After graduating in 1917 , he moved to Lander , Wyoming , and established a practice . He joined the United States Army Dental Corps when the United States entered World War I , and served as a lieutenant from 1917 to 1919 . After postgraduate study at Northwestern University in 1920 , Hunt resumed his practice in Lander . He was president of the Wyoming State Dental Society and began his career in government when appointed as president of the Wyoming State Board of Dental Examiners , serving from 1924 to 1928 . Political career . Wyoming . Hunt was elected in 1933 to the Wyoming House of Representatives from Fremont County . He sponsored eugenics legislation that would have permitted the sterilization of inmates at Wyoming institutions if afflicted with insanity , idiocy , imbecility , feeblemindedness , or epilepsy . The legislation , though similar to that enacted in several neighboring states in the 1920s , failed , and he later regretted sponsoring it . He served two four-year terms as Wyoming Secretary of State from 1935 to 1943 . In 1935 , he commissioned muralist Allen Tupper True to design the Bucking Horse and Rider that has appeared on Wyoming license plates since 1936 . While serving as Secretary of State , Hunt personally claimed the copyright of the Wyoming Guidebook , a Work Projects Administration publication , after the Governor and legislature failed to act to preserve the bucking horse and rider design as the states intellectual property . The book proved popular , and there were questions as to whether Hunt benefited personally from its sales . He was able to demonstrate that he had endorsed all quarterly royalty checks and turned them over to the state treasurer , and he transferred the copyright to the State of Wyoming in 1942 . Hunt became the first person elected to two consecutive four-year terms as governor , serving from 1943 to 1949 . He faced hostile majorities in both houses of the legislature throughout his years as governor . The principal legislative accomplishment of his first term was the enactment of a retirement system for teachers . He repeatedly proposed a retirement system for state workers in his second term without success . During his first term , Republican U.S . Senator Edward V . Robertson charged that the Japanese citizens interned at Heart Mountain , Wyoming , were leading pampered lives and hoarding supplies . The Denver Post wrote an exposé backing his complaints . Hunt dismissed that as a political story and said that food stuffs cannot be brought into a city to feed 13,500 people in a wheel barrow and it would not be good business to bring it in every day . He toured the camp and said the internees living standard was , to my way of thinking , rather disgraceful . At the end of the war he wrote to the War Relocation Authority that We do not want a single one of these evacuees to remain in Wyoming . When President Roosevelt issued an executive order on March 16 , 1943 , creating Jackson Hole National Monument , Hunt joined in mobilizing opposition and said he would use state police to remove any federal official who tried to exert authority in the Monuments lands . Congress refused to fund the Monument until 1950 , when Wyomings two U.S . Senators , Joseph C . OMahoney and Hunt , reached a compromise with the Truman administration . It merged most of the Monuments lands into Grand Teton National Park , provided compensation for lost revenue , and protected local property owners . Hunt was a Wyoming delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1940 , 1944 , and 1948 . He chaired the National Governors Association in 1948 . His official gubernatorial portrait was painted by artist Michele Rushworth and hangs in the state capitol building in Cheyenne , Wyoming . U.S . Senate election . Hunt was elected to the U.S . Senate in 1948 to a term beginning January 3 , 1949 , defeating incumbent Republican E.V . Robertson by an overwhelming margin . His political positions combined fiscal conservatism and opposition to big government with support for public housing and increased federal aid to education . During his tenure in the Senate , Hunt became a bitter enemy of Wisconsin senator Joseph R . McCarthy , and his criticism of McCarthys tactics marked him as a prime target in the 1954 election . For example , he campaigned for a law to restrict Congressional immunity by allowing individuals to sue members of Congress for slanderous statements . He called for reform of Senate rules : If situations confront the Congress in which it can no longer control its members by the rules of society , justice and fair play , then Congress has , I feel , a moral obligation to take drastic steps to remedy those situations . U.S . Senate tenure . In 1949 , he recommended that the American Medical Association ( AMA ) and the American Dental Association ( ADA ) consider endorsing a plan for the federal government to offer health insurance policies with low deductibles to cover medical , surgical , hospital , laboratory , nursing and dental services . He told an ADA convention that We cannot preserve the freedom of the practice of dentistry and medicine , we cannot keep dentistry and medicine uncontrolled and unregimented by the Federal Government , we cannot maintain our American free and independent practice in the health services by simply denouncing socialization or by a stand-pat opposition . He served on the Senate Crime Investigating Committee ( known as the Kefauver Committee ) and the Senate Armed Services Committee . He backed foreign aid programs and supported a call for disarmament designed to demonstrate that Russias peace proposals were not serious . Following Dwight Eisenhowers landslide victory in the 1952 election , Hunt announced that he felt obliged to support the administrations legislative proposals wherever possible . He cited complete agreement with plans for agricultural subsidies , the expansion of Social Security , the creation of a Fair Employment Practices Commission , and the abolition of segregation in the District of Columbia . Sons arrest and Hunts suicide . On June 9 , 1953 , Hunts 24-year-old son Lester Jr. , known as Buddy , who was a student and president of the student body at the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge , Massachusetts , was arrested in Washington , D.C. , for soliciting prostitution from a male undercover police officer in Lafayette Square , just north of and adjacent to the White House property . It was his first offense , which police normally handled quietly as a matter for the offenders family to address , but the arrest became known to Senate Republicans . According to Drew Pearsons Washington Merry-Go-Round column published after Hunts death , senators Styles Bridges and Herman Welker threatened that if Hunt did not immediately retire from the Senate and agree not to seek his seat in the 1954 election , they would see that his son was prosecuted and would widely publicize his sons arrest . In a closely divided Senate , Hunts resignation would have allowed Wyomings Republican governor to appoint a Republican to fill the remainder of Hunts term and to run as an incumbent in the 1954 election , possibly affecting the balance of power in the Senate in favor of Republicans . Hunt refused , and in response , Republican Senators threatened Inspector Roy Blick of the Morals Division of the Washington Police Department with the loss of his job for failing to prosecute Buddy Hunt . Buddy Hunt was prosecuted , and Senator Hunt attended the trial . On October 7 , 1953 , Buddy Hunt paid a fine for soliciting a plainclothes policeman for lewd and immoral purposes , and on the same day , the Washington Post published the story . Buddy Hunts attorney was quoted in an October 8 New York Times account as saying his client preferred to avoid any further publicity . Despite these brief media accounts , the arrest and prosecution of Buddy Hunt was not widely publicized at the time . In December 1953 , Hunt told journalist Pearson that he would not stand for re-election if the opposition used his sons arrest against him , fearing that the publicity would have a negative effect on his wifes health . Despite the threats of publicity from his political opponents , including a specific threat to distribute in Wyoming 25,000 leaflets about his sons arrest , Hunt did announce on April 15 , 1954 , that he would be a candidate for re-election . A poll taken on April 5 , 1954 , gave Hunt 54.5% support , with his nearest opponent at 19.3% . In May 1954 , as a member of the Senates liberal bloc , he proposed rules for Senate committees designed to eliminate some of Senator McCarthys tactics . Later that same month , Senator Bridges renewed his threat to publicize Hunt Jr.s offense to Wyoming voters . The Eisenhower administration , taking a different tack , offered Hunt a high-paying position on the U.S . Tariff Commission if he agreed never to run for the Senate again . On June 8 , 1954 , following a medical examination at Bethesda Naval Hospital , Hunt changed his mind about running again , and wrote to the chair of the Wyoming Democratic party , citing health concerns as the reason : I shall never again be a candidate for an elective office . He did not , however , resign from the Senate . On June 19 , 1954 , Senator Hunt shot himself at his desk in his Senate office , using a rifle he apparently brought from home , and died a few hours later in Casualty Hospital . The New York Times reported that he acted in apparent despondency over his health and left four sealed notes . Just one day before Hunts suicide , Senator McCarthy had accused an unnamed Senator of just plain wrong doing . After Hunts suicide , McCarthys Senate ally Karl Mundt of South Dakota denied that McCarthy was referring to Hunt . Aftermath . The day after Hunts suicide , Pearson published his charges about how Republican Senators had threatened Hunt , but described Hunts motives as complex : Two weeks ago he went to the hospital for a physical check and announced that he would not run again . It was no secret that he had been having kidney trouble for some time , but I am sure that on top of this , Lester Hunt , a much more sensitive soul than his colleagues realized , just could not bear the thought of having his sons misfortunes become the subject of whispers in his re-election campaign . In private , he confirmed that Hunt had no serious health problem and wrote in his diary that Unfortunately I am afraid that the morals charge against his son and the experience Hunt suffered was the main factor . Hunt was buried on June 22 in Cheyenne , Wyoming , at Beth El Cemetery following a brief church service in Cheyenne . At the time of his death Hunt was a major in the Army Reserve Corps . On June 24 , 1954 , acting Wyoming Governor Clifford Joy Rogers appointed Republican Edward D . Crippa to fill the remainder of Hunts Senate term . On July 4 , 1954 , the conservative Washington Times-Herald reported Buddy Hunts arrest and conviction from the previous year , with Senator Hunts death giving the story wider circulation than it had previously received . On July 9 , Blick signed an affidavit exonerating Bridges and Welker of pressuring him , but his decision to prosecute Buddy Hunt under circumstances which did not normally warrant prosecution remained unexplained . Following the election , on November 9 , 1954 , the Senate eulogized its members who had died recently and Senator Bridges called Hunt a man who demonstrated the best qualities of an American . He was loyal and he served well . Hunts cousin , William M . Spencer , president of the North American Car Corporation in Chicago , wrote Welker after learning he had eulogized Hunt : Democrat Joseph C . OMahoney won Hunts Senate seat in the November 1954 election , defeating Republican nominee William Henry Harrison III . Buddy Hunt later worked on the staff of Catholic Charities in Chicago and then for the Industrial Areas Foundation of Chicago . With his co-worker there , Nicholas von Hoffman , he co-authored a paper , The Meanings of Democracy : Puerto Rican Organizations in Chicago , that appeared in ETC. : A Review of General Semantics , an academic journal of linguistics in 1956 . In October 2015 , Buddy completed his first on-camera interview about his arrest and his fathers suicide . Buddy Hunt died in Chicago in January 2020 at the age of 92 . Later references . Allen Drury , a journalist who covered the U.S . Senate for United Press International , used Hunts blackmail and suicide as the basis for his 1959 best-selling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Advise and Consent . In the novel , Senator Fred Van Ackerman from Wyoming uses a homosexual affair to blackmail Utah Senator Brigham Anderson . In 1962 , the novel was made into a movie starring Henry Fonda and directed by Otto Preminger . University of Wyoming historian T.A . Larson , author of a history of the state , wrote an account of Hunts suicide and submitted it to Hunts widow Nathelle , seeking her permission to publish it . Instead she threatened him with a lawsuit and he never published the results of his research . Hunts anti-McCarthyism and his sons homosexuality are mentioned in Thomas Mallons Fellow Travelers ( 2007 ) , a novel set in the 1950s that describes a young mans introduction to hardball Washington politics as he discovers his gay identity . In 2013 , at a mock trial of Hunts Senate colleagues McCarthy , Welker , and Bridges , all three were found guilty of a variety of charges , including blackmail and causing bodily injury . Former Wyoming Governor Dave Freudenthal , who played the prosecuting attorney in the Cheyenne event , said : This particular part of Wyoming history had been swept under the rug . So Im really delighted to participate in drawing attention to it . The event was organized to coincide with the publication of a new study of Hunts death , Dying for Joe McCarthys Sins by Rodger McDaniel , a Presbyterian pastor , former Wyoming legislator ( 1971–1981 ) , and Democratic candidate for the U.S . Senate in 1982 . He used some of Larsons research . |
[
"Ralph Lauren"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Ralph Lauren Corporation from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation#P169#0 | Ralph Lauren Corporation Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American fashion company producing products ranging from the mid-range to the luxury segments . They are known for the clothing , marketing and distribution of products in four categories : apparel , home , accessories , and fragrances . The Companys brands include the mid-range Chaps brand , to the sub-premium Lauren Ralph Lauren brand , to the premium Polo Ralph Lauren , Double RL , Ralph Lauren Childrenswear , Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren , and Club Monaco brands , up to the full luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label and Ralph Lauren Collection brands . Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American , publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City , and founded in 1967 by American fashion designer Ralph Lauren . History . Ralph Lauren was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish community in the Bronx , along with Calvin Klein and Robert Denning . Lauren started The Ralph Lauren Corporation in 1967 with mens ties . At 28 years-old , Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell . He persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line . Drawing on his interests in sports , Lauren named his first full line of menswear Polo in 1968 . He worked out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and made deliveries to stores himself . By 1969 , the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Laurens men line exclusively . It was the first time that Bloomingdales had given a designer his own in-store shop . In 1971 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women , which introduced the Polo player emblem , appearing on the shirt cuff . The first full womens collection was launched the following year . 1972 marked the opening of Ralph Laurens store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills , California , his first freestanding store . In 1972 , Lauren released a short-sleeve cotton shirt in 24 colors . This design , emblazoned with the companys famed logo—that of a polo player , created by tennis pro René Lacoste—became the brand’s signature look . In 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh polo shirt in various colours , featuring the polo player logo on the chest . In 1974 , Ralph Lauren outfitted the male cast of The Great Gatsby in costumes chosen from his Polo line - a 1920s-style series of mens suits and sweaters , except for the pink suit which Lauren designed especially for Robert Redford’s Jay Gatsby . In 1977 , Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Laurens clothes in the Oscar-winning film , Annie Hall . In 1978 , the first Ralph Lauren fragrances , produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd were launched at Bloomingdales . Lauren for women , and Polo the mens cologne . This was the first time that a designer introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously . The company entered the European market , and went international , in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store in New Bond Street in the West End of London , England . Lauren opened his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion , on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986 . On June 12 , 1997 , the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange . The 98-seat restaurant , RL , opened in March 1999 in Chicago adjacent to its largest and world flagship Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago and Michigan Avenues on the Magnificent Mile . It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralphs at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polos store in New York in 2015 . The company launched its website and online shop in 2000 as polo.com by RL Media ( a cooperation between Ralph Lauren and NBC ) . In 2007 , Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media and the website was relaunched as ralphlauren.com . In September 2015 , it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder , Ralph Lauren , as CEO in November . Lauren stayed on as executive chairman and chief creative officer . In February 2017 it was announced that Larsson had agreed to leave his position as CEO effective May 1 , 2017 due to differences with Lauren . On May 17 , 2017 , Ralph Lauren named Patrice Louvet President and Chief Executive Officer . Louvet most recently served as Group President , Global Beauty at Procter & Gamble ( P&G ) . He took over on July 17 , 2017 . In October 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced that it would transition its Chaps brand to a fully licensed business model to focus on its core brands , reduce its direct exposure to the North American department store channel , and setting up the Chaps brand to be nurtured with an experienced partner . Also in October , Ralph Lauren Corporation has appointed former Obama administration consultant Valerie Jarrett to the board of directors . In May 2021 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced it would sell its Club Monaco brand to private equity firm Regent LP . Brands . - Ralph Lauren Womens Collection and Ralph Lauren Purple Label : Ralph Lauren Collection for women , launched in 1971 , ranges from handmade evening gowns to sportswear . Launched in 1994 , Ralph Lauren Purple Label for men offers suiting , custom tailored made-to-measure suits and sportswear , as well as benchmade footwear and made-to-order dress furnishings , accessories , and luggage . - Ralph Lauren Watches and Fine Jewelry : In 2009 Ralph Lauren , together with luxury group Compagnie Financière Richemont SA , launched a collection of timepieces through the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . In 2010 , the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . also introduced collections of jewelry . - Ralph by Ralph Lauren : Launched in 1994 , Ralph by Ralph Lauren offers suit separates , sport coats , vests , and topcoats . - Polo Ralph Lauren : Men’s Polo , Ralph Lauren’s first complete line of sportswear and tailored clothing launched in 1967 . In 2014 , Women’s Polo was launched . - Polo Sport : Polo Sport launched in 1992 , a line of activewear for sports and fitness . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren debuted the PoloTech Shirt , which featured smart fabric technology that supposedly captures robust biometrics from the wearer . - Double RL : Founded in 1993 and named after Ralph Lauren and his wife Rickys “RRL” ranch in Colorado , RRL offers men a mix of selvage denim , vintage apparel , sportswear and accessories , with roots in workwear and military gear . - Lauren Ralph Lauren : Lauren for Women launched in 1996 , offering sportswear , denim , dresses , activewear , and accessories and footwear at a cheaper price point . Lauren for Men offers mens tailored clothing , including suits , sport coats , dress shirts , dress pants , tuxedos , topcoats , and ties at a cheaper price point . This brand generally slots above Chaps in price , but below Polo Ralph Lauren . - Polo Golf and RLX Golf : Polo Golf launched in 1990 and RLX Golf launched in 1998 . - Pink Pony : Established in 2000 , a percentage of sales from all Pink Pony products benefit the Pink Pony Fund and other major cancer charities around the world . Pink Pony primarily consists of womens sportswear and accessories . All Pink Pony items feature a pink Polo Player . - Polo Ralph Lauren Children : Items include polo knit shirts and cashmere cable sweaters . - Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren : The Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren line launched in 2011 , inspired by the warehouse and artist communities of Brooklyn , New York and authentic style found in the music festival scene . Denim & Supply was discontinued in September 2016 . - Chaps : A mid-range brand featuring casual sportswear , workday , and dresses . The Chaps brand is available primarily at Belk stores and on Amazon ( and until the end of 2021 , Kohls stores ) , and is priced to compete with PVHs Izod brand . The brand can also occasionally be found at Macys Backstage off-price stores . - Club Monaco : Club Monaco designs and markets its own clothing and accessories for men and women . - American Living : Ralph Lauren launched American Living for men and women in 2008 , a mid-range lifestyle brand created exclusively for JCPenney . This line was comparable to the Chaps line , but was marketed as a more exclusive line , unlike Chaps which is sold at multiple retailers . This line was discontinued in 2012 due to poor sales . A second American Living line was sold at Macys ; this American Living line only included womens clothing and was discontinued in 2019 . - Ralph Lauren Home and Paint : Ralph Lauren Home , the first complete home collection from an American clothing designer , makes its debut in 1983 with home furnishings and accessories . Ralph Lauren Home includes furniture , bed and bath linens , china , crystal , silver , decorative accessories and gifts , as well as lighting , fabric , wall covering , and floor covering . Ralph Lauren launched Paint in 1995 , now with over 400 palettes . - Fragrance : In 1978 , Ralph Lauren launched his first fragrances : Lauren for women and Polo for men . Originally produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd , L’Oréal now produces the Ralph Lauren Fragrances for men and women , including World of Polo ( Polo , Polo Blue , Polo Black , Polo Red ) , Ralph Lauren Romance , Midnight Romance and the Big Pony Collections For Women and For Men . - Ralph Lauren Restaurants : RL Restaurant Chicago opened in 1999 , adjacent to its largest Ralph Lauren flagship store in the world on Michigan Avenue along the Magnificent Mile . In 2010 , Ralphs was opened in the courtyard and converted stables at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store . In August 2014 , Ralphs Coffee opened on the second floor of the Polo Flagship store in New York City . The Polo Bar , adjacent to the New York City Polo Flagship store , opened in January 2015 . Stores . The Company ended Fiscal 2016 with 493 directly operated stores : 144 Ralph Lauren stores , 77 Club Monaco stores and 272 Polo factory stores . The Company also operated 583 concession shop locations worldwide at the end of the year . In addition to Company-operated locations , international licensing partners operated 93 Ralph Lauren stores and 42 dedicated shops , as well as 133 Club Monaco stores and shops at the end of Fiscal 2016 . Ralph Lauren operates its representative flagship stores in New York City on Madison Avenue – for menswear in the former Rhinelander Mansion , and for womenswear and home in another structure , across the street , which opened in 2010 . The company also manages flagships , for retailing Ralph Lauren collections , in Chicago , Manhasset , Greenwich ( USA ) , London , Milan , Tokyo , Moscow , Kyiv and Paris . Sports sponsorships . USTA . In 2005 , The United States Tennis Association selects Ralph Lauren Corporation as the official apparel sponsor for the U.S . Open . As part of the partnership , all on-court ball persons and officials will be dressed in specially-designed Ralph Lauren apparel . This is Polos first tennis sponsorship . Wimbledon . In 2006 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of Wimbledon . Lauren is the first designer in the tennis tournament’s history to be chosen to create uniforms for all on-court officials . Australian Open . In 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of the Australian Open . U.S . Olympic Team . Ralph Lauren Corporation is the exclusive Official Parade Outfitter for the U.S . Olympic and Paralympic Teams , with the right to manufacture , distribute , advertise , promote , and sell products in the U.S . which replicate the Parade Outfits and associated leisure wear . The Company has established a partnership with athletes serving as brand ambassadors and as the faces of the advertising , marketing , and public relations campaigns . Ralph Lauren Corporation partners with the United States Olympic Committee to become an Official Outfitter of the U.S . Olympic Team , for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , 2012 Summer Olympics in London , 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio . Ralph Lauren designs the official Opening Ceremony and Closing Ceremony parade outfits for the U.S . teams in addition to an assortment of village-wear apparel and accessories . Previously , the Corporation received negative press when it was found to have sourced the clothing it supplied to the 2012 athletes from China , so it vowed to source everything it produced for the 2014 Olympics from the US . Kraemer Textiles Inc . spun around 6,000 pounds of Merino wool yarn from Imperial Stock Ranch in Oregon , which was then sent to Longview Yarns in North Carolina to be dyed . The clothing assembly was completed by Ball of Cotton in California . Ultimately , 40 American vendors were involved with production . Leadership . - Executive Chairman : Ralph Lauren ( since 1967 ) - Chief Executive Officer : Patrice Louvet ( since 2017 ) List of Former Chief Executives . 1 . Ralph Lauren ( 1967–2015 ) 2 . Stefan Larsson ( 2015–2017 ) Philanthropy . In 1989 , it co-Founded the Nina Hyde Center for Breast Cancer Research at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington D.C . in memory of the late Post fashion correspondent . In 1994 , Ralph Lauren acted as chairman and creates the name and symbol for Fashion Targets Breast Cancer , a charitable initiative of the CFDA that marshals the goodwill and services of the fashion industry to raise public awareness and funds for breast cancer internationally . In 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched its Volunteer Program , which energises employees and creates meaningful connections with the communities in which they work . On September 15 , 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched the Pink Pony Campaign , a national initiative to reduce disparities in cancer care by raising awareness as well as enhancing prevention , screening , and treatment in poor and underserved communities . In 2001 , the Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation established the American Heroes Fund following September 11 to allow Polos 10,000 employees worldwide , as well as their customers , the opportunity to participate in the relief effort . In 2003 , Ralph Lauren established the Ralph Lauren Center for Cancer Care and Prevention in Harlem . The Center is a collaboration between Ralph Lauren , Memorial Sloan-Kettering , and North General Hospital in Harlem , New York City . In 2004 , the Polo Fashion School was established , in which company executives work with inner-city youth to offer insights into the fashion business . Established in 2006 , the Polo Jeans G.I.V.E . ( Get Involved Volunteer Exceed ) campaign was created to inspire and encourage community service through volunteerism by supporting the efforts of dedicated volunteers and their causes . In 2008 , the Star-Spangled Banner , the original 1813 flag that inspired Francis Scott Key to write the National Anthem , was preserved by a $10 million contribution to Save Americas Treasures from Polo Ralph Lauren in 1998 . The flag was then unveiled on Wednesday , November 19 , 2008 in a new gallery at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History , in Washington D.C . In July 2013 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced its commitment to restore the elite École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , one of the most influential art schools in France . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren Corporation partnered with The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , the largest and most comprehensive cancer center in Europe , to develop a world-class breast cancer research facility . In 2016 , Ralph Lauren Corporation opened the Royal Marsden Ralph Lauren Center for Breast Cancer Research . In March 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation donated $10m and started making isolation gowns and medical masks to support the COVID-19 fight . Controversy . Levi Strauss lawsuit . Levi Strauss & Co . filed a lawsuit against Abercrombie & Fitch and the RL Corporation in July 2007 for trademark infringement . It alleged that the separate retailers used Levis trademarked pocket design of connected arches in the design of some of their respective products . South African Polo trademark issues . The Polo brand sold in South Africa is not affiliated with the Ralph Lauren brand . An independent South African company trademarked the Polo name and logo in South Africa . Filippa Hamilton photo controversy . In 2009 , Ralph Lauren apologized for digitally retouching a photograph of model Filippa Hamilton to make her look thinner . Hamilton also claims that she was fired by Ralph Lauren a few days later . Accusations of intellectual property violation by Cowichan Tribes . After branding the sale of sweaters online as Cowichan , it was reported that Cowichan Tribes would take steps to communicate with Ralph Lauren and ensure that our product and name is protected . A petition through Change.org was set up to encourage Ralph Lauren to take action . This resulted in the product line being taken out of circulation and all mention of the name was removed from the Ralph Lauren website ; there have been no further complaints from the Cowichan Tribe since . |
[
"Stefan Larsson"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Ralph Lauren Corporation from 2015 to May 2017? | /wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation#P169#1 | Ralph Lauren Corporation Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American fashion company producing products ranging from the mid-range to the luxury segments . They are known for the clothing , marketing and distribution of products in four categories : apparel , home , accessories , and fragrances . The Companys brands include the mid-range Chaps brand , to the sub-premium Lauren Ralph Lauren brand , to the premium Polo Ralph Lauren , Double RL , Ralph Lauren Childrenswear , Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren , and Club Monaco brands , up to the full luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label and Ralph Lauren Collection brands . Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American , publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City , and founded in 1967 by American fashion designer Ralph Lauren . History . Ralph Lauren was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish community in the Bronx , along with Calvin Klein and Robert Denning . Lauren started The Ralph Lauren Corporation in 1967 with mens ties . At 28 years-old , Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell . He persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line . Drawing on his interests in sports , Lauren named his first full line of menswear Polo in 1968 . He worked out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and made deliveries to stores himself . By 1969 , the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Laurens men line exclusively . It was the first time that Bloomingdales had given a designer his own in-store shop . In 1971 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women , which introduced the Polo player emblem , appearing on the shirt cuff . The first full womens collection was launched the following year . 1972 marked the opening of Ralph Laurens store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills , California , his first freestanding store . In 1972 , Lauren released a short-sleeve cotton shirt in 24 colors . This design , emblazoned with the companys famed logo—that of a polo player , created by tennis pro René Lacoste—became the brand’s signature look . In 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh polo shirt in various colours , featuring the polo player logo on the chest . In 1974 , Ralph Lauren outfitted the male cast of The Great Gatsby in costumes chosen from his Polo line - a 1920s-style series of mens suits and sweaters , except for the pink suit which Lauren designed especially for Robert Redford’s Jay Gatsby . In 1977 , Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Laurens clothes in the Oscar-winning film , Annie Hall . In 1978 , the first Ralph Lauren fragrances , produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd were launched at Bloomingdales . Lauren for women , and Polo the mens cologne . This was the first time that a designer introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously . The company entered the European market , and went international , in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store in New Bond Street in the West End of London , England . Lauren opened his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion , on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986 . On June 12 , 1997 , the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange . The 98-seat restaurant , RL , opened in March 1999 in Chicago adjacent to its largest and world flagship Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago and Michigan Avenues on the Magnificent Mile . It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralphs at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polos store in New York in 2015 . The company launched its website and online shop in 2000 as polo.com by RL Media ( a cooperation between Ralph Lauren and NBC ) . In 2007 , Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media and the website was relaunched as ralphlauren.com . In September 2015 , it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder , Ralph Lauren , as CEO in November . Lauren stayed on as executive chairman and chief creative officer . In February 2017 it was announced that Larsson had agreed to leave his position as CEO effective May 1 , 2017 due to differences with Lauren . On May 17 , 2017 , Ralph Lauren named Patrice Louvet President and Chief Executive Officer . Louvet most recently served as Group President , Global Beauty at Procter & Gamble ( P&G ) . He took over on July 17 , 2017 . In October 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced that it would transition its Chaps brand to a fully licensed business model to focus on its core brands , reduce its direct exposure to the North American department store channel , and setting up the Chaps brand to be nurtured with an experienced partner . Also in October , Ralph Lauren Corporation has appointed former Obama administration consultant Valerie Jarrett to the board of directors . In May 2021 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced it would sell its Club Monaco brand to private equity firm Regent LP . Brands . - Ralph Lauren Womens Collection and Ralph Lauren Purple Label : Ralph Lauren Collection for women , launched in 1971 , ranges from handmade evening gowns to sportswear . Launched in 1994 , Ralph Lauren Purple Label for men offers suiting , custom tailored made-to-measure suits and sportswear , as well as benchmade footwear and made-to-order dress furnishings , accessories , and luggage . - Ralph Lauren Watches and Fine Jewelry : In 2009 Ralph Lauren , together with luxury group Compagnie Financière Richemont SA , launched a collection of timepieces through the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . In 2010 , the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . also introduced collections of jewelry . - Ralph by Ralph Lauren : Launched in 1994 , Ralph by Ralph Lauren offers suit separates , sport coats , vests , and topcoats . - Polo Ralph Lauren : Men’s Polo , Ralph Lauren’s first complete line of sportswear and tailored clothing launched in 1967 . In 2014 , Women’s Polo was launched . - Polo Sport : Polo Sport launched in 1992 , a line of activewear for sports and fitness . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren debuted the PoloTech Shirt , which featured smart fabric technology that supposedly captures robust biometrics from the wearer . - Double RL : Founded in 1993 and named after Ralph Lauren and his wife Rickys “RRL” ranch in Colorado , RRL offers men a mix of selvage denim , vintage apparel , sportswear and accessories , with roots in workwear and military gear . - Lauren Ralph Lauren : Lauren for Women launched in 1996 , offering sportswear , denim , dresses , activewear , and accessories and footwear at a cheaper price point . Lauren for Men offers mens tailored clothing , including suits , sport coats , dress shirts , dress pants , tuxedos , topcoats , and ties at a cheaper price point . This brand generally slots above Chaps in price , but below Polo Ralph Lauren . - Polo Golf and RLX Golf : Polo Golf launched in 1990 and RLX Golf launched in 1998 . - Pink Pony : Established in 2000 , a percentage of sales from all Pink Pony products benefit the Pink Pony Fund and other major cancer charities around the world . Pink Pony primarily consists of womens sportswear and accessories . All Pink Pony items feature a pink Polo Player . - Polo Ralph Lauren Children : Items include polo knit shirts and cashmere cable sweaters . - Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren : The Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren line launched in 2011 , inspired by the warehouse and artist communities of Brooklyn , New York and authentic style found in the music festival scene . Denim & Supply was discontinued in September 2016 . - Chaps : A mid-range brand featuring casual sportswear , workday , and dresses . The Chaps brand is available primarily at Belk stores and on Amazon ( and until the end of 2021 , Kohls stores ) , and is priced to compete with PVHs Izod brand . The brand can also occasionally be found at Macys Backstage off-price stores . - Club Monaco : Club Monaco designs and markets its own clothing and accessories for men and women . - American Living : Ralph Lauren launched American Living for men and women in 2008 , a mid-range lifestyle brand created exclusively for JCPenney . This line was comparable to the Chaps line , but was marketed as a more exclusive line , unlike Chaps which is sold at multiple retailers . This line was discontinued in 2012 due to poor sales . A second American Living line was sold at Macys ; this American Living line only included womens clothing and was discontinued in 2019 . - Ralph Lauren Home and Paint : Ralph Lauren Home , the first complete home collection from an American clothing designer , makes its debut in 1983 with home furnishings and accessories . Ralph Lauren Home includes furniture , bed and bath linens , china , crystal , silver , decorative accessories and gifts , as well as lighting , fabric , wall covering , and floor covering . Ralph Lauren launched Paint in 1995 , now with over 400 palettes . - Fragrance : In 1978 , Ralph Lauren launched his first fragrances : Lauren for women and Polo for men . Originally produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd , L’Oréal now produces the Ralph Lauren Fragrances for men and women , including World of Polo ( Polo , Polo Blue , Polo Black , Polo Red ) , Ralph Lauren Romance , Midnight Romance and the Big Pony Collections For Women and For Men . - Ralph Lauren Restaurants : RL Restaurant Chicago opened in 1999 , adjacent to its largest Ralph Lauren flagship store in the world on Michigan Avenue along the Magnificent Mile . In 2010 , Ralphs was opened in the courtyard and converted stables at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store . In August 2014 , Ralphs Coffee opened on the second floor of the Polo Flagship store in New York City . The Polo Bar , adjacent to the New York City Polo Flagship store , opened in January 2015 . Stores . The Company ended Fiscal 2016 with 493 directly operated stores : 144 Ralph Lauren stores , 77 Club Monaco stores and 272 Polo factory stores . The Company also operated 583 concession shop locations worldwide at the end of the year . In addition to Company-operated locations , international licensing partners operated 93 Ralph Lauren stores and 42 dedicated shops , as well as 133 Club Monaco stores and shops at the end of Fiscal 2016 . Ralph Lauren operates its representative flagship stores in New York City on Madison Avenue – for menswear in the former Rhinelander Mansion , and for womenswear and home in another structure , across the street , which opened in 2010 . The company also manages flagships , for retailing Ralph Lauren collections , in Chicago , Manhasset , Greenwich ( USA ) , London , Milan , Tokyo , Moscow , Kyiv and Paris . Sports sponsorships . USTA . In 2005 , The United States Tennis Association selects Ralph Lauren Corporation as the official apparel sponsor for the U.S . Open . As part of the partnership , all on-court ball persons and officials will be dressed in specially-designed Ralph Lauren apparel . This is Polos first tennis sponsorship . Wimbledon . In 2006 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of Wimbledon . Lauren is the first designer in the tennis tournament’s history to be chosen to create uniforms for all on-court officials . Australian Open . In 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of the Australian Open . U.S . Olympic Team . Ralph Lauren Corporation is the exclusive Official Parade Outfitter for the U.S . Olympic and Paralympic Teams , with the right to manufacture , distribute , advertise , promote , and sell products in the U.S . which replicate the Parade Outfits and associated leisure wear . The Company has established a partnership with athletes serving as brand ambassadors and as the faces of the advertising , marketing , and public relations campaigns . Ralph Lauren Corporation partners with the United States Olympic Committee to become an Official Outfitter of the U.S . Olympic Team , for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , 2012 Summer Olympics in London , 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio . Ralph Lauren designs the official Opening Ceremony and Closing Ceremony parade outfits for the U.S . teams in addition to an assortment of village-wear apparel and accessories . Previously , the Corporation received negative press when it was found to have sourced the clothing it supplied to the 2012 athletes from China , so it vowed to source everything it produced for the 2014 Olympics from the US . Kraemer Textiles Inc . spun around 6,000 pounds of Merino wool yarn from Imperial Stock Ranch in Oregon , which was then sent to Longview Yarns in North Carolina to be dyed . The clothing assembly was completed by Ball of Cotton in California . Ultimately , 40 American vendors were involved with production . Leadership . - Executive Chairman : Ralph Lauren ( since 1967 ) - Chief Executive Officer : Patrice Louvet ( since 2017 ) List of Former Chief Executives . 1 . Ralph Lauren ( 1967–2015 ) 2 . Stefan Larsson ( 2015–2017 ) Philanthropy . In 1989 , it co-Founded the Nina Hyde Center for Breast Cancer Research at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington D.C . in memory of the late Post fashion correspondent . In 1994 , Ralph Lauren acted as chairman and creates the name and symbol for Fashion Targets Breast Cancer , a charitable initiative of the CFDA that marshals the goodwill and services of the fashion industry to raise public awareness and funds for breast cancer internationally . In 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched its Volunteer Program , which energises employees and creates meaningful connections with the communities in which they work . On September 15 , 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched the Pink Pony Campaign , a national initiative to reduce disparities in cancer care by raising awareness as well as enhancing prevention , screening , and treatment in poor and underserved communities . In 2001 , the Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation established the American Heroes Fund following September 11 to allow Polos 10,000 employees worldwide , as well as their customers , the opportunity to participate in the relief effort . In 2003 , Ralph Lauren established the Ralph Lauren Center for Cancer Care and Prevention in Harlem . The Center is a collaboration between Ralph Lauren , Memorial Sloan-Kettering , and North General Hospital in Harlem , New York City . In 2004 , the Polo Fashion School was established , in which company executives work with inner-city youth to offer insights into the fashion business . Established in 2006 , the Polo Jeans G.I.V.E . ( Get Involved Volunteer Exceed ) campaign was created to inspire and encourage community service through volunteerism by supporting the efforts of dedicated volunteers and their causes . In 2008 , the Star-Spangled Banner , the original 1813 flag that inspired Francis Scott Key to write the National Anthem , was preserved by a $10 million contribution to Save Americas Treasures from Polo Ralph Lauren in 1998 . The flag was then unveiled on Wednesday , November 19 , 2008 in a new gallery at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History , in Washington D.C . In July 2013 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced its commitment to restore the elite École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , one of the most influential art schools in France . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren Corporation partnered with The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , the largest and most comprehensive cancer center in Europe , to develop a world-class breast cancer research facility . In 2016 , Ralph Lauren Corporation opened the Royal Marsden Ralph Lauren Center for Breast Cancer Research . In March 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation donated $10m and started making isolation gowns and medical masks to support the COVID-19 fight . Controversy . Levi Strauss lawsuit . Levi Strauss & Co . filed a lawsuit against Abercrombie & Fitch and the RL Corporation in July 2007 for trademark infringement . It alleged that the separate retailers used Levis trademarked pocket design of connected arches in the design of some of their respective products . South African Polo trademark issues . The Polo brand sold in South Africa is not affiliated with the Ralph Lauren brand . An independent South African company trademarked the Polo name and logo in South Africa . Filippa Hamilton photo controversy . In 2009 , Ralph Lauren apologized for digitally retouching a photograph of model Filippa Hamilton to make her look thinner . Hamilton also claims that she was fired by Ralph Lauren a few days later . Accusations of intellectual property violation by Cowichan Tribes . After branding the sale of sweaters online as Cowichan , it was reported that Cowichan Tribes would take steps to communicate with Ralph Lauren and ensure that our product and name is protected . A petition through Change.org was set up to encourage Ralph Lauren to take action . This resulted in the product line being taken out of circulation and all mention of the name was removed from the Ralph Lauren website ; there have been no further complaints from the Cowichan Tribe since . |
[
"Patrice Louvet"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Ralph Lauren Corporation from May 2017 to May 2018? | /wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation#P169#2 | Ralph Lauren Corporation Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American fashion company producing products ranging from the mid-range to the luxury segments . They are known for the clothing , marketing and distribution of products in four categories : apparel , home , accessories , and fragrances . The Companys brands include the mid-range Chaps brand , to the sub-premium Lauren Ralph Lauren brand , to the premium Polo Ralph Lauren , Double RL , Ralph Lauren Childrenswear , Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren , and Club Monaco brands , up to the full luxury Ralph Lauren Purple Label and Ralph Lauren Collection brands . Ralph Lauren Corporation is an American , publicly traded holding company headquartered in New York City , and founded in 1967 by American fashion designer Ralph Lauren . History . Ralph Lauren was one of several design leaders raised in the Jewish community in the Bronx , along with Calvin Klein and Robert Denning . Lauren started The Ralph Lauren Corporation in 1967 with mens ties . At 28 years-old , Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell . He persuaded the companys president to let him start his own line . Drawing on his interests in sports , Lauren named his first full line of menswear Polo in 1968 . He worked out of a single drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building and made deliveries to stores himself . By 1969 , the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Laurens men line exclusively . It was the first time that Bloomingdales had given a designer his own in-store shop . In 1971 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women , which introduced the Polo player emblem , appearing on the shirt cuff . The first full womens collection was launched the following year . 1972 marked the opening of Ralph Laurens store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills , California , his first freestanding store . In 1972 , Lauren released a short-sleeve cotton shirt in 24 colors . This design , emblazoned with the companys famed logo—that of a polo player , created by tennis pro René Lacoste—became the brand’s signature look . In 1977 Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh polo shirt in various colours , featuring the polo player logo on the chest . In 1974 , Ralph Lauren outfitted the male cast of The Great Gatsby in costumes chosen from his Polo line - a 1920s-style series of mens suits and sweaters , except for the pink suit which Lauren designed especially for Robert Redford’s Jay Gatsby . In 1977 , Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Laurens clothes in the Oscar-winning film , Annie Hall . In 1978 , the first Ralph Lauren fragrances , produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd were launched at Bloomingdales . Lauren for women , and Polo the mens cologne . This was the first time that a designer introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously . The company entered the European market , and went international , in 1981 with the opening of the first freestanding store in New Bond Street in the West End of London , England . Lauren opened his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion , on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986 . On June 12 , 1997 , the company becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange . The 98-seat restaurant , RL , opened in March 1999 in Chicago adjacent to its largest and world flagship Ralph Lauren store at the corner of Chicago and Michigan Avenues on the Magnificent Mile . It was followed by the opening of two additional restaurants – Ralphs at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris store in 2010 and The Polo Bar at Polos store in New York in 2015 . The company launched its website and online shop in 2000 as polo.com by RL Media ( a cooperation between Ralph Lauren and NBC ) . In 2007 , Ralph Lauren Corporation acquired the NBC share of RL Media and the website was relaunched as ralphlauren.com . In September 2015 , it was announced that Stefan Larsson would replace the companys founder , Ralph Lauren , as CEO in November . Lauren stayed on as executive chairman and chief creative officer . In February 2017 it was announced that Larsson had agreed to leave his position as CEO effective May 1 , 2017 due to differences with Lauren . On May 17 , 2017 , Ralph Lauren named Patrice Louvet President and Chief Executive Officer . Louvet most recently served as Group President , Global Beauty at Procter & Gamble ( P&G ) . He took over on July 17 , 2017 . In October 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced that it would transition its Chaps brand to a fully licensed business model to focus on its core brands , reduce its direct exposure to the North American department store channel , and setting up the Chaps brand to be nurtured with an experienced partner . Also in October , Ralph Lauren Corporation has appointed former Obama administration consultant Valerie Jarrett to the board of directors . In May 2021 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced it would sell its Club Monaco brand to private equity firm Regent LP . Brands . - Ralph Lauren Womens Collection and Ralph Lauren Purple Label : Ralph Lauren Collection for women , launched in 1971 , ranges from handmade evening gowns to sportswear . Launched in 1994 , Ralph Lauren Purple Label for men offers suiting , custom tailored made-to-measure suits and sportswear , as well as benchmade footwear and made-to-order dress furnishings , accessories , and luggage . - Ralph Lauren Watches and Fine Jewelry : In 2009 Ralph Lauren , together with luxury group Compagnie Financière Richemont SA , launched a collection of timepieces through the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . In 2010 , the Ralph Lauren Watch & Jewelry Co . also introduced collections of jewelry . - Ralph by Ralph Lauren : Launched in 1994 , Ralph by Ralph Lauren offers suit separates , sport coats , vests , and topcoats . - Polo Ralph Lauren : Men’s Polo , Ralph Lauren’s first complete line of sportswear and tailored clothing launched in 1967 . In 2014 , Women’s Polo was launched . - Polo Sport : Polo Sport launched in 1992 , a line of activewear for sports and fitness . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren debuted the PoloTech Shirt , which featured smart fabric technology that supposedly captures robust biometrics from the wearer . - Double RL : Founded in 1993 and named after Ralph Lauren and his wife Rickys “RRL” ranch in Colorado , RRL offers men a mix of selvage denim , vintage apparel , sportswear and accessories , with roots in workwear and military gear . - Lauren Ralph Lauren : Lauren for Women launched in 1996 , offering sportswear , denim , dresses , activewear , and accessories and footwear at a cheaper price point . Lauren for Men offers mens tailored clothing , including suits , sport coats , dress shirts , dress pants , tuxedos , topcoats , and ties at a cheaper price point . This brand generally slots above Chaps in price , but below Polo Ralph Lauren . - Polo Golf and RLX Golf : Polo Golf launched in 1990 and RLX Golf launched in 1998 . - Pink Pony : Established in 2000 , a percentage of sales from all Pink Pony products benefit the Pink Pony Fund and other major cancer charities around the world . Pink Pony primarily consists of womens sportswear and accessories . All Pink Pony items feature a pink Polo Player . - Polo Ralph Lauren Children : Items include polo knit shirts and cashmere cable sweaters . - Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren : The Denim & Supply Ralph Lauren line launched in 2011 , inspired by the warehouse and artist communities of Brooklyn , New York and authentic style found in the music festival scene . Denim & Supply was discontinued in September 2016 . - Chaps : A mid-range brand featuring casual sportswear , workday , and dresses . The Chaps brand is available primarily at Belk stores and on Amazon ( and until the end of 2021 , Kohls stores ) , and is priced to compete with PVHs Izod brand . The brand can also occasionally be found at Macys Backstage off-price stores . - Club Monaco : Club Monaco designs and markets its own clothing and accessories for men and women . - American Living : Ralph Lauren launched American Living for men and women in 2008 , a mid-range lifestyle brand created exclusively for JCPenney . This line was comparable to the Chaps line , but was marketed as a more exclusive line , unlike Chaps which is sold at multiple retailers . This line was discontinued in 2012 due to poor sales . A second American Living line was sold at Macys ; this American Living line only included womens clothing and was discontinued in 2019 . - Ralph Lauren Home and Paint : Ralph Lauren Home , the first complete home collection from an American clothing designer , makes its debut in 1983 with home furnishings and accessories . Ralph Lauren Home includes furniture , bed and bath linens , china , crystal , silver , decorative accessories and gifts , as well as lighting , fabric , wall covering , and floor covering . Ralph Lauren launched Paint in 1995 , now with over 400 palettes . - Fragrance : In 1978 , Ralph Lauren launched his first fragrances : Lauren for women and Polo for men . Originally produced by Warner-Lauren , Ltd , L’Oréal now produces the Ralph Lauren Fragrances for men and women , including World of Polo ( Polo , Polo Blue , Polo Black , Polo Red ) , Ralph Lauren Romance , Midnight Romance and the Big Pony Collections For Women and For Men . - Ralph Lauren Restaurants : RL Restaurant Chicago opened in 1999 , adjacent to its largest Ralph Lauren flagship store in the world on Michigan Avenue along the Magnificent Mile . In 2010 , Ralphs was opened in the courtyard and converted stables at 173 Boulevard Saint Germain Paris flagship store . In August 2014 , Ralphs Coffee opened on the second floor of the Polo Flagship store in New York City . The Polo Bar , adjacent to the New York City Polo Flagship store , opened in January 2015 . Stores . The Company ended Fiscal 2016 with 493 directly operated stores : 144 Ralph Lauren stores , 77 Club Monaco stores and 272 Polo factory stores . The Company also operated 583 concession shop locations worldwide at the end of the year . In addition to Company-operated locations , international licensing partners operated 93 Ralph Lauren stores and 42 dedicated shops , as well as 133 Club Monaco stores and shops at the end of Fiscal 2016 . Ralph Lauren operates its representative flagship stores in New York City on Madison Avenue – for menswear in the former Rhinelander Mansion , and for womenswear and home in another structure , across the street , which opened in 2010 . The company also manages flagships , for retailing Ralph Lauren collections , in Chicago , Manhasset , Greenwich ( USA ) , London , Milan , Tokyo , Moscow , Kyiv and Paris . Sports sponsorships . USTA . In 2005 , The United States Tennis Association selects Ralph Lauren Corporation as the official apparel sponsor for the U.S . Open . As part of the partnership , all on-court ball persons and officials will be dressed in specially-designed Ralph Lauren apparel . This is Polos first tennis sponsorship . Wimbledon . In 2006 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of Wimbledon . Lauren is the first designer in the tennis tournament’s history to be chosen to create uniforms for all on-court officials . Australian Open . In 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation became the official outfitter of the Australian Open . U.S . Olympic Team . Ralph Lauren Corporation is the exclusive Official Parade Outfitter for the U.S . Olympic and Paralympic Teams , with the right to manufacture , distribute , advertise , promote , and sell products in the U.S . which replicate the Parade Outfits and associated leisure wear . The Company has established a partnership with athletes serving as brand ambassadors and as the faces of the advertising , marketing , and public relations campaigns . Ralph Lauren Corporation partners with the United States Olympic Committee to become an Official Outfitter of the U.S . Olympic Team , for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , 2012 Summer Olympics in London , 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio . Ralph Lauren designs the official Opening Ceremony and Closing Ceremony parade outfits for the U.S . teams in addition to an assortment of village-wear apparel and accessories . Previously , the Corporation received negative press when it was found to have sourced the clothing it supplied to the 2012 athletes from China , so it vowed to source everything it produced for the 2014 Olympics from the US . Kraemer Textiles Inc . spun around 6,000 pounds of Merino wool yarn from Imperial Stock Ranch in Oregon , which was then sent to Longview Yarns in North Carolina to be dyed . The clothing assembly was completed by Ball of Cotton in California . Ultimately , 40 American vendors were involved with production . Leadership . - Executive Chairman : Ralph Lauren ( since 1967 ) - Chief Executive Officer : Patrice Louvet ( since 2017 ) List of Former Chief Executives . 1 . Ralph Lauren ( 1967–2015 ) 2 . Stefan Larsson ( 2015–2017 ) Philanthropy . In 1989 , it co-Founded the Nina Hyde Center for Breast Cancer Research at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington D.C . in memory of the late Post fashion correspondent . In 1994 , Ralph Lauren acted as chairman and creates the name and symbol for Fashion Targets Breast Cancer , a charitable initiative of the CFDA that marshals the goodwill and services of the fashion industry to raise public awareness and funds for breast cancer internationally . In 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched its Volunteer Program , which energises employees and creates meaningful connections with the communities in which they work . On September 15 , 2000 , Ralph Lauren Corporation launched the Pink Pony Campaign , a national initiative to reduce disparities in cancer care by raising awareness as well as enhancing prevention , screening , and treatment in poor and underserved communities . In 2001 , the Polo Ralph Lauren Foundation established the American Heroes Fund following September 11 to allow Polos 10,000 employees worldwide , as well as their customers , the opportunity to participate in the relief effort . In 2003 , Ralph Lauren established the Ralph Lauren Center for Cancer Care and Prevention in Harlem . The Center is a collaboration between Ralph Lauren , Memorial Sloan-Kettering , and North General Hospital in Harlem , New York City . In 2004 , the Polo Fashion School was established , in which company executives work with inner-city youth to offer insights into the fashion business . Established in 2006 , the Polo Jeans G.I.V.E . ( Get Involved Volunteer Exceed ) campaign was created to inspire and encourage community service through volunteerism by supporting the efforts of dedicated volunteers and their causes . In 2008 , the Star-Spangled Banner , the original 1813 flag that inspired Francis Scott Key to write the National Anthem , was preserved by a $10 million contribution to Save Americas Treasures from Polo Ralph Lauren in 1998 . The flag was then unveiled on Wednesday , November 19 , 2008 in a new gallery at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History , in Washington D.C . In July 2013 , Ralph Lauren Corporation announced its commitment to restore the elite École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , one of the most influential art schools in France . In 2014 , Ralph Lauren Corporation partnered with The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , the largest and most comprehensive cancer center in Europe , to develop a world-class breast cancer research facility . In 2016 , Ralph Lauren Corporation opened the Royal Marsden Ralph Lauren Center for Breast Cancer Research . In March 2020 , Ralph Lauren Corporation donated $10m and started making isolation gowns and medical masks to support the COVID-19 fight . Controversy . Levi Strauss lawsuit . Levi Strauss & Co . filed a lawsuit against Abercrombie & Fitch and the RL Corporation in July 2007 for trademark infringement . It alleged that the separate retailers used Levis trademarked pocket design of connected arches in the design of some of their respective products . South African Polo trademark issues . The Polo brand sold in South Africa is not affiliated with the Ralph Lauren brand . An independent South African company trademarked the Polo name and logo in South Africa . Filippa Hamilton photo controversy . In 2009 , Ralph Lauren apologized for digitally retouching a photograph of model Filippa Hamilton to make her look thinner . Hamilton also claims that she was fired by Ralph Lauren a few days later . Accusations of intellectual property violation by Cowichan Tribes . After branding the sale of sweaters online as Cowichan , it was reported that Cowichan Tribes would take steps to communicate with Ralph Lauren and ensure that our product and name is protected . A petition through Change.org was set up to encourage Ralph Lauren to take action . This resulted in the product line being taken out of circulation and all mention of the name was removed from the Ralph Lauren website ; there have been no further complaints from the Cowichan Tribe since . |
[
"Shamrock Rovers"
] | easy | Which team did Jim Beglin play for from 1980 to 1982? | /wiki/Jim_Beglin#P54#0 | Jim Beglin James Martin Beglin , ( born 29 July 1963 ) or simply Jim Beglin , is an Irish former professional footballer and current co-commentator for RTÉ , CBS Sports , BT Sport , and Premier League Productions . Playing career . Shamrock Rovers . Beglin played schoolboy football in his native city with Bolton and Waterford Bohs before joining Shamrock Rovers in 1980 . He went on to spend 3 years at Milltown , making 4 appearances in Europe and scoring one goal . In 1982 Beglin was part of the League of Ireland XI that toured New Zealand where they played the New Zealand national football team . Liverpool . Beglin was the last signing made by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley when he joined from Shamrock Rovers for in May 1983 . He was gradually brought into the first team over the next 18 months by Joe Fagan , before being given regular games in the left back slot by new player-manager Kenny Dalglish as a replacement for Alan Kennedy in the 1985–86 season . He made his debut in the left sided midfield position on 10 November 1984 in the 1–1 league draw with Southampton at Anfield . He scored his first goal for the club 5 months later on 10 April 1985 in the 4–0 European Cup Semi-final first leg victory over Greek side Panathinaikos at Anfield . Beglins 85th-minute strike put the tie out of reach for the Greek club . Liverpool won the second leg 1–0 to set up a showdown in the final with Italian giants Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium however a retaining wall collapsed during a riot at the neutral end , and 39 Juventus supporters died , in what came to be known as the Heysel Stadium Disaster . Liverpool won the League championship and FA Cup , pipping Merseyside rivals Everton to both , with Beglin picking up medals for each . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Seven months after lifting the league and cup double , his leg was badly broken following a mistimed tackle from Evertons Gary Stevens in the League Cup fifth round game in January 1987 . Former manager Bob Paisley said that it was one of the worst leg breaks he had ever seen , joking that he would break his own leg to prove a point to the FA . Furthermore , Liverpool defender Alan Hansen stated that the tackle was a mile high and an hour late . Recovering from the break , Beglin sustained a knee cartilage injury playing for Liverpools reserves in October 1988 which effectively finished his time at Anfield . Leeds United . In June 1989 , he joined Leeds United , where he helped the club to become Second Division champions and spent periods on loan with both Plymouth Argyle and Blackburn Rovers before a recurrence of his knee injury forced him into an early retirement in 1991 , when still only 27 . International career . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Media career . Beglin is a co-commentator for BT Sport , Premier League Productions , and CBS Sports , and was a co-commentator on ITV and a sports journalist on Granada Television . He commentated for RTÉ in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2018 Fifa World Cup . In the past for RTÉ he has worked on coverage of Premier League , UEFA Champions League matches and Republic of Ireland internationals . Beglin has also been employed by Liverpool as a voice–over artist for the clubs official DVD and video releases . He has also been the co-commentator in the Pro Evolution Soccer video game series since Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 , alongside Jon Champion and later Peter Drury . On May 4 , 2021 , during a live broadcast of a champions league semi-final , Beglin attributed Di Marias red card to his Latino temperament , for which he later apologized . Honours . Liverpool - Football League First Division : 1985–86 - FA Cup : 1985–86 - FA Charity Shield : 1986 Leeds United - Football League Second Division : 1989–90 External links . - Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv - Player profile at LFChistory.net - Biography at sporting–heroes.net |
[
"League of Ireland XI"
] | easy | Jim Beglin played for which team from 1982 to 1983? | /wiki/Jim_Beglin#P54#1 | Jim Beglin James Martin Beglin , ( born 29 July 1963 ) or simply Jim Beglin , is an Irish former professional footballer and current co-commentator for RTÉ , CBS Sports , BT Sport , and Premier League Productions . Playing career . Shamrock Rovers . Beglin played schoolboy football in his native city with Bolton and Waterford Bohs before joining Shamrock Rovers in 1980 . He went on to spend 3 years at Milltown , making 4 appearances in Europe and scoring one goal . In 1982 Beglin was part of the League of Ireland XI that toured New Zealand where they played the New Zealand national football team . Liverpool . Beglin was the last signing made by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley when he joined from Shamrock Rovers for in May 1983 . He was gradually brought into the first team over the next 18 months by Joe Fagan , before being given regular games in the left back slot by new player-manager Kenny Dalglish as a replacement for Alan Kennedy in the 1985–86 season . He made his debut in the left sided midfield position on 10 November 1984 in the 1–1 league draw with Southampton at Anfield . He scored his first goal for the club 5 months later on 10 April 1985 in the 4–0 European Cup Semi-final first leg victory over Greek side Panathinaikos at Anfield . Beglins 85th-minute strike put the tie out of reach for the Greek club . Liverpool won the second leg 1–0 to set up a showdown in the final with Italian giants Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium however a retaining wall collapsed during a riot at the neutral end , and 39 Juventus supporters died , in what came to be known as the Heysel Stadium Disaster . Liverpool won the League championship and FA Cup , pipping Merseyside rivals Everton to both , with Beglin picking up medals for each . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Seven months after lifting the league and cup double , his leg was badly broken following a mistimed tackle from Evertons Gary Stevens in the League Cup fifth round game in January 1987 . Former manager Bob Paisley said that it was one of the worst leg breaks he had ever seen , joking that he would break his own leg to prove a point to the FA . Furthermore , Liverpool defender Alan Hansen stated that the tackle was a mile high and an hour late . Recovering from the break , Beglin sustained a knee cartilage injury playing for Liverpools reserves in October 1988 which effectively finished his time at Anfield . Leeds United . In June 1989 , he joined Leeds United , where he helped the club to become Second Division champions and spent periods on loan with both Plymouth Argyle and Blackburn Rovers before a recurrence of his knee injury forced him into an early retirement in 1991 , when still only 27 . International career . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Media career . Beglin is a co-commentator for BT Sport , Premier League Productions , and CBS Sports , and was a co-commentator on ITV and a sports journalist on Granada Television . He commentated for RTÉ in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2018 Fifa World Cup . In the past for RTÉ he has worked on coverage of Premier League , UEFA Champions League matches and Republic of Ireland internationals . Beglin has also been employed by Liverpool as a voice–over artist for the clubs official DVD and video releases . He has also been the co-commentator in the Pro Evolution Soccer video game series since Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 , alongside Jon Champion and later Peter Drury . On May 4 , 2021 , during a live broadcast of a champions league semi-final , Beglin attributed Di Marias red card to his Latino temperament , for which he later apologized . Honours . Liverpool - Football League First Division : 1985–86 - FA Cup : 1985–86 - FA Charity Shield : 1986 Leeds United - Football League Second Division : 1989–90 External links . - Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv - Player profile at LFChistory.net - Biography at sporting–heroes.net |
[
"Shamrock Rovers"
] | easy | Which team did Jim Beglin play for from 1983 to 1987? | /wiki/Jim_Beglin#P54#2 | Jim Beglin James Martin Beglin , ( born 29 July 1963 ) or simply Jim Beglin , is an Irish former professional footballer and current co-commentator for RTÉ , CBS Sports , BT Sport , and Premier League Productions . Playing career . Shamrock Rovers . Beglin played schoolboy football in his native city with Bolton and Waterford Bohs before joining Shamrock Rovers in 1980 . He went on to spend 3 years at Milltown , making 4 appearances in Europe and scoring one goal . In 1982 Beglin was part of the League of Ireland XI that toured New Zealand where they played the New Zealand national football team . Liverpool . Beglin was the last signing made by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley when he joined from Shamrock Rovers for in May 1983 . He was gradually brought into the first team over the next 18 months by Joe Fagan , before being given regular games in the left back slot by new player-manager Kenny Dalglish as a replacement for Alan Kennedy in the 1985–86 season . He made his debut in the left sided midfield position on 10 November 1984 in the 1–1 league draw with Southampton at Anfield . He scored his first goal for the club 5 months later on 10 April 1985 in the 4–0 European Cup Semi-final first leg victory over Greek side Panathinaikos at Anfield . Beglins 85th-minute strike put the tie out of reach for the Greek club . Liverpool won the second leg 1–0 to set up a showdown in the final with Italian giants Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium however a retaining wall collapsed during a riot at the neutral end , and 39 Juventus supporters died , in what came to be known as the Heysel Stadium Disaster . Liverpool won the League championship and FA Cup , pipping Merseyside rivals Everton to both , with Beglin picking up medals for each . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Seven months after lifting the league and cup double , his leg was badly broken following a mistimed tackle from Evertons Gary Stevens in the League Cup fifth round game in January 1987 . Former manager Bob Paisley said that it was one of the worst leg breaks he had ever seen , joking that he would break his own leg to prove a point to the FA . Furthermore , Liverpool defender Alan Hansen stated that the tackle was a mile high and an hour late . Recovering from the break , Beglin sustained a knee cartilage injury playing for Liverpools reserves in October 1988 which effectively finished his time at Anfield . Leeds United . In June 1989 , he joined Leeds United , where he helped the club to become Second Division champions and spent periods on loan with both Plymouth Argyle and Blackburn Rovers before a recurrence of his knee injury forced him into an early retirement in 1991 , when still only 27 . International career . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Media career . Beglin is a co-commentator for BT Sport , Premier League Productions , and CBS Sports , and was a co-commentator on ITV and a sports journalist on Granada Television . He commentated for RTÉ in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2018 Fifa World Cup . In the past for RTÉ he has worked on coverage of Premier League , UEFA Champions League matches and Republic of Ireland internationals . Beglin has also been employed by Liverpool as a voice–over artist for the clubs official DVD and video releases . He has also been the co-commentator in the Pro Evolution Soccer video game series since Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 , alongside Jon Champion and later Peter Drury . On May 4 , 2021 , during a live broadcast of a champions league semi-final , Beglin attributed Di Marias red card to his Latino temperament , for which he later apologized . Honours . Liverpool - Football League First Division : 1985–86 - FA Cup : 1985–86 - FA Charity Shield : 1986 Leeds United - Football League Second Division : 1989–90 External links . - Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv - Player profile at LFChistory.net - Biography at sporting–heroes.net |
[
"Leeds United"
] | easy | Which team did Jim Beglin play for from 1989 to 1990? | /wiki/Jim_Beglin#P54#3 | Jim Beglin James Martin Beglin , ( born 29 July 1963 ) or simply Jim Beglin , is an Irish former professional footballer and current co-commentator for RTÉ , CBS Sports , BT Sport , and Premier League Productions . Playing career . Shamrock Rovers . Beglin played schoolboy football in his native city with Bolton and Waterford Bohs before joining Shamrock Rovers in 1980 . He went on to spend 3 years at Milltown , making 4 appearances in Europe and scoring one goal . In 1982 Beglin was part of the League of Ireland XI that toured New Zealand where they played the New Zealand national football team . Liverpool . Beglin was the last signing made by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley when he joined from Shamrock Rovers for in May 1983 . He was gradually brought into the first team over the next 18 months by Joe Fagan , before being given regular games in the left back slot by new player-manager Kenny Dalglish as a replacement for Alan Kennedy in the 1985–86 season . He made his debut in the left sided midfield position on 10 November 1984 in the 1–1 league draw with Southampton at Anfield . He scored his first goal for the club 5 months later on 10 April 1985 in the 4–0 European Cup Semi-final first leg victory over Greek side Panathinaikos at Anfield . Beglins 85th-minute strike put the tie out of reach for the Greek club . Liverpool won the second leg 1–0 to set up a showdown in the final with Italian giants Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium however a retaining wall collapsed during a riot at the neutral end , and 39 Juventus supporters died , in what came to be known as the Heysel Stadium Disaster . Liverpool won the League championship and FA Cup , pipping Merseyside rivals Everton to both , with Beglin picking up medals for each . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Seven months after lifting the league and cup double , his leg was badly broken following a mistimed tackle from Evertons Gary Stevens in the League Cup fifth round game in January 1987 . Former manager Bob Paisley said that it was one of the worst leg breaks he had ever seen , joking that he would break his own leg to prove a point to the FA . Furthermore , Liverpool defender Alan Hansen stated that the tackle was a mile high and an hour late . Recovering from the break , Beglin sustained a knee cartilage injury playing for Liverpools reserves in October 1988 which effectively finished his time at Anfield . Leeds United . In June 1989 , he joined Leeds United , where he helped the club to become Second Division champions and spent periods on loan with both Plymouth Argyle and Blackburn Rovers before a recurrence of his knee injury forced him into an early retirement in 1991 , when still only 27 . International career . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Media career . Beglin is a co-commentator for BT Sport , Premier League Productions , and CBS Sports , and was a co-commentator on ITV and a sports journalist on Granada Television . He commentated for RTÉ in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2018 Fifa World Cup . In the past for RTÉ he has worked on coverage of Premier League , UEFA Champions League matches and Republic of Ireland internationals . Beglin has also been employed by Liverpool as a voice–over artist for the clubs official DVD and video releases . He has also been the co-commentator in the Pro Evolution Soccer video game series since Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 , alongside Jon Champion and later Peter Drury . On May 4 , 2021 , during a live broadcast of a champions league semi-final , Beglin attributed Di Marias red card to his Latino temperament , for which he later apologized . Honours . Liverpool - Football League First Division : 1985–86 - FA Cup : 1985–86 - FA Charity Shield : 1986 Leeds United - Football League Second Division : 1989–90 External links . - Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv - Player profile at LFChistory.net - Biography at sporting–heroes.net |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did Jim Beglin play for from 1990 to 1991? | /wiki/Jim_Beglin#P54#4 | Jim Beglin James Martin Beglin , ( born 29 July 1963 ) or simply Jim Beglin , is an Irish former professional footballer and current co-commentator for RTÉ , CBS Sports , BT Sport , and Premier League Productions . Playing career . Shamrock Rovers . Beglin played schoolboy football in his native city with Bolton and Waterford Bohs before joining Shamrock Rovers in 1980 . He went on to spend 3 years at Milltown , making 4 appearances in Europe and scoring one goal . In 1982 Beglin was part of the League of Ireland XI that toured New Zealand where they played the New Zealand national football team . Liverpool . Beglin was the last signing made by Liverpool manager Bob Paisley when he joined from Shamrock Rovers for in May 1983 . He was gradually brought into the first team over the next 18 months by Joe Fagan , before being given regular games in the left back slot by new player-manager Kenny Dalglish as a replacement for Alan Kennedy in the 1985–86 season . He made his debut in the left sided midfield position on 10 November 1984 in the 1–1 league draw with Southampton at Anfield . He scored his first goal for the club 5 months later on 10 April 1985 in the 4–0 European Cup Semi-final first leg victory over Greek side Panathinaikos at Anfield . Beglins 85th-minute strike put the tie out of reach for the Greek club . Liverpool won the second leg 1–0 to set up a showdown in the final with Italian giants Juventus at the Heysel Stadium in Belgium however a retaining wall collapsed during a riot at the neutral end , and 39 Juventus supporters died , in what came to be known as the Heysel Stadium Disaster . Liverpool won the League championship and FA Cup , pipping Merseyside rivals Everton to both , with Beglin picking up medals for each . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Seven months after lifting the league and cup double , his leg was badly broken following a mistimed tackle from Evertons Gary Stevens in the League Cup fifth round game in January 1987 . Former manager Bob Paisley said that it was one of the worst leg breaks he had ever seen , joking that he would break his own leg to prove a point to the FA . Furthermore , Liverpool defender Alan Hansen stated that the tackle was a mile high and an hour late . Recovering from the break , Beglin sustained a knee cartilage injury playing for Liverpools reserves in October 1988 which effectively finished his time at Anfield . Leeds United . In June 1989 , he joined Leeds United , where he helped the club to become Second Division champions and spent periods on loan with both Plymouth Argyle and Blackburn Rovers before a recurrence of his knee injury forced him into an early retirement in 1991 , when still only 27 . International career . He also began playing for the Republic of Ireland , picking up the first of 15 caps . Media career . Beglin is a co-commentator for BT Sport , Premier League Productions , and CBS Sports , and was a co-commentator on ITV and a sports journalist on Granada Television . He commentated for RTÉ in the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2018 Fifa World Cup . In the past for RTÉ he has worked on coverage of Premier League , UEFA Champions League matches and Republic of Ireland internationals . Beglin has also been employed by Liverpool as a voice–over artist for the clubs official DVD and video releases . He has also been the co-commentator in the Pro Evolution Soccer video game series since Pro Evolution Soccer 2011 , alongside Jon Champion and later Peter Drury . On May 4 , 2021 , during a live broadcast of a champions league semi-final , Beglin attributed Di Marias red card to his Latino temperament , for which he later apologized . Honours . Liverpool - Football League First Division : 1985–86 - FA Cup : 1985–86 - FA Charity Shield : 1986 Leeds United - Football League Second Division : 1989–90 External links . - Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv - Player profile at LFChistory.net - Biography at sporting–heroes.net |
[
""
] | easy | Who occupied County Hall, London from 1921 to Apr 1990? | /wiki/County_Hall,_London#P466#0 | County Hall , London County Hall ( sometimes called London County Hall ) is a building in London that was the headquarters of London County Council ( LCC ) and later the Greater London Council ( GLC ) . The building is on the South Bank of the River Thames , with Westminster Bridge being next to it , to the south . It faces west toward the City of Westminster and is close to the Palace of Westminster . The nearest London Underground stations are and . It is a Grade II* listed building . History . The current building was commissioned to replace the mid 19th-century Spring Gardens headquarters inherited from the Metropolitan Board of Works . The site selected by civic leaders was previously occupied by four properties : Float Mead ( occupied by Simmonds flour mills ) , Pedlars Acre ( occupied by wharves and houses ) , Bishops Acre ( occupied by Crosse & Blackwells factory ) and the Four Acres ( occupied by workshops and stables ) . The main six storey building was designed by Ralph Knott . It is faced in Portland stone in an Edwardian Baroque style . The construction , which was undertaken by Holland , Hannen & Cubitts , started in 1911 and the building was opened by King George V in 1922 . The North and South blocks , which were built by Higgs and Hill , were added between 1936 and 1939 . The Island block was not completed until 1974 . For 64 years County Hall served as the headquarters of local government for London . During the 1980s the then powerful Labour-controlled GLC led by Ken Livingstone was locked in conflict with the Conservative national government of Margaret Thatcher . The façade of County Hall frequently served as a billboard for opposition slogans which could be seen from the Palace of Westminster . When the government of Margaret Thatcher abolished the GLC in 1986 , County Hall lost its role as the seat of Londons government . Talk soon became of what was to happen to the building , and there were plans to relocate the London School of Economics to the site which did not proceed . The building remained in use by the Inner London Education Authority ( ILEA ) until its abolition in 1990 when the building was transferred to the London Residuary Body and eventually sold to Shirayama Shokusan , a Japanese investor . On 21 October 2005 , the High Court of England and Wales upheld a bid by the owners of the building , Shirayama Shokusan , to have the Saatchi Gallery evicted on grounds of violating its contract , particularly using space outside of the rented area for exhibits . The Island block , an annex of the main building , was demolished in 2006 to make way for a hotel , the Park Plaza Westminster Bridge . The building , also known as No 1 Westminster Bridge Road , had been disused since 1986 and had become a derelict eyesore . A blue plaque commemorates the LCC , GLC and the Inner London Education Authority at County Hall . Attractions . County Hall is the site of businesses and attractions , including the Sea Life London Aquarium , Shreks Adventure London and the Namco Funscape amusement arcade . Hotel . They are two hotels located in the county hall : - budget Premier Inn , Premier Inn London County Hall hotel - 5 star Marriott hotel , London Marriott Hotel County Hall External links . - londoncountyhall.com - Survey of London entry - Blitzandblight ( archive ) |
[
""
] | easy | Who was the occupant of County Hall, London from 1995 to 2006? | /wiki/County_Hall,_London#P466#1 | County Hall , London County Hall ( sometimes called London County Hall ) is a building in London that was the headquarters of London County Council ( LCC ) and later the Greater London Council ( GLC ) . The building is on the South Bank of the River Thames , with Westminster Bridge being next to it , to the south . It faces west toward the City of Westminster and is close to the Palace of Westminster . The nearest London Underground stations are and . It is a Grade II* listed building . History . The current building was commissioned to replace the mid 19th-century Spring Gardens headquarters inherited from the Metropolitan Board of Works . The site selected by civic leaders was previously occupied by four properties : Float Mead ( occupied by Simmonds flour mills ) , Pedlars Acre ( occupied by wharves and houses ) , Bishops Acre ( occupied by Crosse & Blackwells factory ) and the Four Acres ( occupied by workshops and stables ) . The main six storey building was designed by Ralph Knott . It is faced in Portland stone in an Edwardian Baroque style . The construction , which was undertaken by Holland , Hannen & Cubitts , started in 1911 and the building was opened by King George V in 1922 . The North and South blocks , which were built by Higgs and Hill , were added between 1936 and 1939 . The Island block was not completed until 1974 . For 64 years County Hall served as the headquarters of local government for London . During the 1980s the then powerful Labour-controlled GLC led by Ken Livingstone was locked in conflict with the Conservative national government of Margaret Thatcher . The façade of County Hall frequently served as a billboard for opposition slogans which could be seen from the Palace of Westminster . When the government of Margaret Thatcher abolished the GLC in 1986 , County Hall lost its role as the seat of Londons government . Talk soon became of what was to happen to the building , and there were plans to relocate the London School of Economics to the site which did not proceed . The building remained in use by the Inner London Education Authority ( ILEA ) until its abolition in 1990 when the building was transferred to the London Residuary Body and eventually sold to Shirayama Shokusan , a Japanese investor . On 21 October 2005 , the High Court of England and Wales upheld a bid by the owners of the building , Shirayama Shokusan , to have the Saatchi Gallery evicted on grounds of violating its contract , particularly using space outside of the rented area for exhibits . The Island block , an annex of the main building , was demolished in 2006 to make way for a hotel , the Park Plaza Westminster Bridge . The building , also known as No 1 Westminster Bridge Road , had been disused since 1986 and had become a derelict eyesore . A blue plaque commemorates the LCC , GLC and the Inner London Education Authority at County Hall . Attractions . County Hall is the site of businesses and attractions , including the Sea Life London Aquarium , Shreks Adventure London and the Namco Funscape amusement arcade . Hotel . They are two hotels located in the county hall : - budget Premier Inn , Premier Inn London County Hall hotel - 5 star Marriott hotel , London Marriott Hotel County Hall External links . - londoncountyhall.com - Survey of London entry - Blitzandblight ( archive ) |
[
"United States"
] | easy | What was the country of registry for USS Slater from Feb 1944 to Mar 1951? | /wiki/USS_Slater#P8047#0 | USS Slater USS Slater ( DE-766 ) is a that served in the United States Navy and later in the Hellenic ( Greek ) Navy . Following service during World War II , the ship was transferred to Greece and renamed Aetos . Decommissioned in 1991 , the destroyer escort was returned to the United States . USS Slater is now a museum ship on the Hudson River in Albany , New York , the only one of its kind afloat in the United States . Fewer than 12 destroyer escorts still survived as of August 2020 , with the Slater the only ship that retained its wartime configuration . USS Slater was struck by the Hudson River touring ship Dutch Apple on 10 September 2019 . A mechanical issue aboard Dutch Apple was to blame for the collision . Namesake . Frank Olga Slater was born on 19 December 1920 in Kennamer Cove , Alabama , one of twelve children of James Lafayette Slater , a sharecropper and Lenora ( Morgan ) Slater . He grew up in Fyffe , Alabama . He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 10 February 1942 . Upon completion of his basic training , he was transferred to the Receiving Station at Pearl Harbor , and assigned to the heavy cruiser on 4 April 1942 . On 12 November 1942 he was killed in action at his battle station during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Construction and career . USS Slater was laid down on 9 March 1943 , she was christened on 20 Feb 1944 by Lenora Slater , mother of Frank Olga Slater and launched on 20 February 1944 . The ship was commissioned on 1 May 1944 . She was built at the Tampa Shipbuilding Company in Tampa , Florida . After a shakedown cruise near Bermuda in June 1944 , Slater was sent to Key West where she served as a target ship and a sonar school ship . In the latter part of 1944 , Slater escorted two convoys to the United Kingdom . She continued serving in this capacity from January 1945 until May 1945 . When the war in Europe ended , Slater headed to the Pacific , stopping at Guantanamo Bay and Panama . She went through the Panama Canal on 28 June 1945 and stopped at San Diego before sailing to Pearl Harbor . From there she joined Task Unit 33.2.4 at Manila in September and escorted it to Yokohama . Slater engaged in support operations in the Pacific through the remainder of the year . She made another passage through the Canal on her way to Norfolk for deactivation . Slater was placed in the reserve fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida in 1947 . Greek service . On 1 March 1951 , Slater was transferred to the Hellenic Navy under the Truman Doctrine , and renamed Aetos ( Eagle ) ( D01 ) . Along with three other Cannon-class ships , she made up what was known as the Wild Beasts Flotilla . The ship did patrol duty in the eastern Aegean and the Dodecanese and also served as a training vessel for naval cadets . Aetos was decommissioned in 1991 , and Greece donated the ship to the Destroyer Escort Sailors Association . Retirement . Destroyer escort sailors from around the nation donated more than a quarter of a million dollars to bring Slater back to the United States as a museum ship . A Russian ocean-going tugboat towed the ship from Crete to New York City in 1993 , where it was docked next to the aircraft carrier . Volunteers began restoring the ship and seeking a permanent home for her ; Albany , New York was decided upon . On Sunday 26 October 1997 , Slater arrived at the Port of Albany . In January 2006 , a welder accidentally started a fire aboard Slater which caused some minor damage to the ship . Repairs were completed within a few months . Restoration of the ship remains an ongoing project . On 7 May 1998 , Slater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Slater was refitted several times during her long service with two navies . One of her depth-charge racks and four K-gun depth charge launchers have been removed . Two twin Bofors 40 mm guns have been added , and the ten single 20 mm guns have been replaced with nine twin mounts . Appearances in film . Slater has been featured in two motion pictures . The ship was seen in The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) and I Aliki sto Naftiko ( Η Αλίκη στο Ναυτικό/Alice in the Navy , filmed in 1961 ) while in Greek service . In August 2008 part of the Japanese film Orion in Midsummer was filmed on board . History Channel documentaries have also featured Slater . |
[
"Greece"
] | easy | What was the country of registry for USS Slater from Mar 1951 to Jul 1991? | /wiki/USS_Slater#P8047#1 | USS Slater USS Slater ( DE-766 ) is a that served in the United States Navy and later in the Hellenic ( Greek ) Navy . Following service during World War II , the ship was transferred to Greece and renamed Aetos . Decommissioned in 1991 , the destroyer escort was returned to the United States . USS Slater is now a museum ship on the Hudson River in Albany , New York , the only one of its kind afloat in the United States . Fewer than 12 destroyer escorts still survived as of August 2020 , with the Slater the only ship that retained its wartime configuration . USS Slater was struck by the Hudson River touring ship Dutch Apple on 10 September 2019 . A mechanical issue aboard Dutch Apple was to blame for the collision . Namesake . Frank Olga Slater was born on 19 December 1920 in Kennamer Cove , Alabama , one of twelve children of James Lafayette Slater , a sharecropper and Lenora ( Morgan ) Slater . He grew up in Fyffe , Alabama . He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 10 February 1942 . Upon completion of his basic training , he was transferred to the Receiving Station at Pearl Harbor , and assigned to the heavy cruiser on 4 April 1942 . On 12 November 1942 he was killed in action at his battle station during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Construction and career . USS Slater was laid down on 9 March 1943 , she was christened on 20 Feb 1944 by Lenora Slater , mother of Frank Olga Slater and launched on 20 February 1944 . The ship was commissioned on 1 May 1944 . She was built at the Tampa Shipbuilding Company in Tampa , Florida . After a shakedown cruise near Bermuda in June 1944 , Slater was sent to Key West where she served as a target ship and a sonar school ship . In the latter part of 1944 , Slater escorted two convoys to the United Kingdom . She continued serving in this capacity from January 1945 until May 1945 . When the war in Europe ended , Slater headed to the Pacific , stopping at Guantanamo Bay and Panama . She went through the Panama Canal on 28 June 1945 and stopped at San Diego before sailing to Pearl Harbor . From there she joined Task Unit 33.2.4 at Manila in September and escorted it to Yokohama . Slater engaged in support operations in the Pacific through the remainder of the year . She made another passage through the Canal on her way to Norfolk for deactivation . Slater was placed in the reserve fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida in 1947 . Greek service . On 1 March 1951 , Slater was transferred to the Hellenic Navy under the Truman Doctrine , and renamed Aetos ( Eagle ) ( D01 ) . Along with three other Cannon-class ships , she made up what was known as the Wild Beasts Flotilla . The ship did patrol duty in the eastern Aegean and the Dodecanese and also served as a training vessel for naval cadets . Aetos was decommissioned in 1991 , and Greece donated the ship to the Destroyer Escort Sailors Association . Retirement . Destroyer escort sailors from around the nation donated more than a quarter of a million dollars to bring Slater back to the United States as a museum ship . A Russian ocean-going tugboat towed the ship from Crete to New York City in 1993 , where it was docked next to the aircraft carrier . Volunteers began restoring the ship and seeking a permanent home for her ; Albany , New York was decided upon . On Sunday 26 October 1997 , Slater arrived at the Port of Albany . In January 2006 , a welder accidentally started a fire aboard Slater which caused some minor damage to the ship . Repairs were completed within a few months . Restoration of the ship remains an ongoing project . On 7 May 1998 , Slater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Slater was refitted several times during her long service with two navies . One of her depth-charge racks and four K-gun depth charge launchers have been removed . Two twin Bofors 40 mm guns have been added , and the ten single 20 mm guns have been replaced with nine twin mounts . Appearances in film . Slater has been featured in two motion pictures . The ship was seen in The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) and I Aliki sto Naftiko ( Η Αλίκη στο Ναυτικό/Alice in the Navy , filmed in 1961 ) while in Greek service . In August 2008 part of the Japanese film Orion in Midsummer was filmed on board . History Channel documentaries have also featured Slater . |
[
"United States"
] | easy | What was the country of registry for USS Slater from Jul 1991 to Jul 1992? | /wiki/USS_Slater#P8047#2 | USS Slater USS Slater ( DE-766 ) is a that served in the United States Navy and later in the Hellenic ( Greek ) Navy . Following service during World War II , the ship was transferred to Greece and renamed Aetos . Decommissioned in 1991 , the destroyer escort was returned to the United States . USS Slater is now a museum ship on the Hudson River in Albany , New York , the only one of its kind afloat in the United States . Fewer than 12 destroyer escorts still survived as of August 2020 , with the Slater the only ship that retained its wartime configuration . USS Slater was struck by the Hudson River touring ship Dutch Apple on 10 September 2019 . A mechanical issue aboard Dutch Apple was to blame for the collision . Namesake . Frank Olga Slater was born on 19 December 1920 in Kennamer Cove , Alabama , one of twelve children of James Lafayette Slater , a sharecropper and Lenora ( Morgan ) Slater . He grew up in Fyffe , Alabama . He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 10 February 1942 . Upon completion of his basic training , he was transferred to the Receiving Station at Pearl Harbor , and assigned to the heavy cruiser on 4 April 1942 . On 12 November 1942 he was killed in action at his battle station during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal . He was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross . Construction and career . USS Slater was laid down on 9 March 1943 , she was christened on 20 Feb 1944 by Lenora Slater , mother of Frank Olga Slater and launched on 20 February 1944 . The ship was commissioned on 1 May 1944 . She was built at the Tampa Shipbuilding Company in Tampa , Florida . After a shakedown cruise near Bermuda in June 1944 , Slater was sent to Key West where she served as a target ship and a sonar school ship . In the latter part of 1944 , Slater escorted two convoys to the United Kingdom . She continued serving in this capacity from January 1945 until May 1945 . When the war in Europe ended , Slater headed to the Pacific , stopping at Guantanamo Bay and Panama . She went through the Panama Canal on 28 June 1945 and stopped at San Diego before sailing to Pearl Harbor . From there she joined Task Unit 33.2.4 at Manila in September and escorted it to Yokohama . Slater engaged in support operations in the Pacific through the remainder of the year . She made another passage through the Canal on her way to Norfolk for deactivation . Slater was placed in the reserve fleet at Green Cove Springs , Florida in 1947 . Greek service . On 1 March 1951 , Slater was transferred to the Hellenic Navy under the Truman Doctrine , and renamed Aetos ( Eagle ) ( D01 ) . Along with three other Cannon-class ships , she made up what was known as the Wild Beasts Flotilla . The ship did patrol duty in the eastern Aegean and the Dodecanese and also served as a training vessel for naval cadets . Aetos was decommissioned in 1991 , and Greece donated the ship to the Destroyer Escort Sailors Association . Retirement . Destroyer escort sailors from around the nation donated more than a quarter of a million dollars to bring Slater back to the United States as a museum ship . A Russian ocean-going tugboat towed the ship from Crete to New York City in 1993 , where it was docked next to the aircraft carrier . Volunteers began restoring the ship and seeking a permanent home for her ; Albany , New York was decided upon . On Sunday 26 October 1997 , Slater arrived at the Port of Albany . In January 2006 , a welder accidentally started a fire aboard Slater which caused some minor damage to the ship . Repairs were completed within a few months . Restoration of the ship remains an ongoing project . On 7 May 1998 , Slater was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Slater was refitted several times during her long service with two navies . One of her depth-charge racks and four K-gun depth charge launchers have been removed . Two twin Bofors 40 mm guns have been added , and the ten single 20 mm guns have been replaced with nine twin mounts . Appearances in film . Slater has been featured in two motion pictures . The ship was seen in The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ) and I Aliki sto Naftiko ( Η Αλίκη στο Ναυτικό/Alice in the Navy , filmed in 1961 ) while in Greek service . In August 2008 part of the Japanese film Orion in Midsummer was filmed on board . History Channel documentaries have also featured Slater . |
[
"United States Secretary of the Air Force"
] | easy | What was the position of Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense) from Oct 1965 to 1969? | /wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)#P39#0 | Harold Brown ( Secretary of Defense ) Harold Brown ( September 19 , 1927 – January 4 , 2019 ) was an American nuclear physicist who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981 , under President Jimmy Carter . Previously , in the John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson administrations , he held the posts of Director of Defense Research and Engineering ( 1961–1965 ) and United States Secretary of the Air Force ( 1965–1969 ) . A child prodigy , Brown graduated from the Bronx High School of Science at age 15 , and earned a Ph.D . in physics from Columbia University at age 21 . As Secretary of Defense , he set the groundwork for the Camp David Accords , took part in strategic arms negotiations with the Soviet Union and supported , unsuccessfully , ratification of the SALT II treaty . Early life and career . Brown was born in Brooklyn , New York , the son of Abraham , a lawyer who had fought in World War I , and Gertrude ( Cohen ) Brown , a diamond merchants bookkeeper . His parents were secular Jews and strong supporters of President Franklin D . Roosevelt . From a very young age Brown was drawn to mathematics and physics ; he enrolled as a student at the Bronx High School of Science , from which he graduated at age 15 with a grade average of 99.5 . He then immediately entered Columbia University , earning an A.B . summa cum laude at 17 years of age , as well as the Green Memorial Prize for the best academic record . He continued as a graduate student at Columbia , and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1949 , when he was 21 . After a short period of teaching and postdoctoral research , Brown became a research scientist at the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California , Berkeley . At Berkeley , he played a role in the construction of the Polaris missile and the development of plutonium . In 1952 , he joined the staff of the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore and became its director in 1960 , succeeding Edward Teller , of whom he was a protégé . At Livermore , Brown led a team of six other physicists , all older than he was , who used some of the first computers , along with mathematics and engineering , to reduce the size of thermonuclear warheads for strategic military use . Brown and his team helped make Livermores reputation by designing nuclear warheads small and light enough to be placed on the Navys nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines ( SSBNs ) . During the 1950s he served as a member of , or consultant to , several federal scientific bodies and as senior science adviser at the 1958-1959 Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Tests . Brown worked under United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara as Director of Defense Research and Engineering from 1961 to 1965 , and then as United States Secretary of the Air Force from October 1965 to February 1969 , first under McNamara and then under Clark Clifford . From 1969 to 1977 , he was President of the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) . U.S . Secretary of Defense . Appointment and initial agenda . Although Brown had accumulated almost eight years of prior service in the Pentagon , he was the first natural scientist to become secretary of defense . He involved himself in practically all areas of departmental activity . Consistent with the Carter administrations objective to reorganize the federal government , Brown launched a comprehensive review of defense organization that eventually brought significant change . But he understood the limits to effective reform . In one of his first speeches after leaving office , Managing the Defense Department-Why It Cant Be Done , at the University of Michigan in March 1981 , he observed:With regard to strategic planning , Brown shared much the same concerns as his Republican predecessors—the need to upgrade U.S . military forces and improve collective security arrangements—but with a stronger commitment to arms control . Brown adhered to the principle of essential equivalence in the nuclear competition with the Soviet Union . This meant that Soviet strategic nuclear forces do not become usable instruments of political leverage , diplomatic coercion , or military advantage ; nuclear stability , especially in a crisis , is maintained ; any advantages in force characteristics enjoyed by the Soviets are offset by U.S . advantages in other characteristics ; and the U.S . posture is not in fact , and is not seen as , inferior in performance to the strategic nuclear forces of the Soviet Union . His later writings in his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , reinforced this agenda:When I became secretary of defense in 1977 , the military services , most of all the army , were disrupted badly by the Vietnam War . There was general agreement that the Soviet Union outclassed the West in conventional military capability , especially in ground forces in Europe.According to The New York Times , experts say in retrospect that contrary to a popular narrative which asserts that President Ronald Reagan increased defense spending to ramp up competition with ( and ultimately bankrupting ) the Soviet Union , it was Carter and Brown who began maintaining the strategic balance , countering Soviet aircraft and ballistic innovations by improving land-based ICBMs , by upgrading B-52 strategic bombers with low-flying cruise missiles and by deploying far more submarine-launched missiles tipped with MIRVs , or multiple warheads that split into independent trajectories to hit many targets . Nuclear missiles . Brown considered it essential to maintain the triad of ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ; some of the administrations most important decisions on weapon systems reflected this commitment . Although he decided not to produce the B-1 bomber , he did recommend upgrading existing B-52s and equipping them with air-launched cruise missiles , and gave the go-ahead for development of a stealth technology , fostered by William J . Perry , under-secretary of defense for research and engineering , that would make it possible to produce planes ( bombers as well as other aircraft ) with very low radar profiles , presumably able to elude enemy defenses and deliver weapons on targets . The administration backed development of the MX missile , intended to replace in the 1980s the increasingly vulnerable Minuteman and Titan intercontinental missiles . To insure MX survivability , Brown recommended deploying the missiles in multiple protective shelters ; 200 MX missiles would be placed in Utah and Nevada , with each missile to be shuttled among 23 different shelters of its own located along roadways-meaning a total of 4,600 such shelters . Although this plan was expensive and environmentally controversial , Brown argued that it was the most viable scheme to protect the missiles from enemy attack . For the sea leg of the triad , Brown accelerated development of the larger Trident nuclear submarine and carried forward the conversion of Poseidon submarines to a fully MIRVed missile capability . By early 1979 , Brown and his staff had developed a countervailing strategy , an approach to nuclear targeting that past secretaries of defense Robert McNamara and James R . Schlesinger had both earlier found attractive ; but , never formally codified . As Brown put it , we must have forces and plans for the use of our strategic nuclear forces such that in considering aggression against our interests , our adversary would recognize that no plausible outcome would represent a success-on any rational definition of success . The prospect of such a failure would then deter an adversarys attack on the United States or our vital interests . Although Brown did not rule out the assured destruction approach , which stressed attacks on urban and industrial targets , he believed that such destruction must not be automatic , our only choice , or independent of any enemys attack . Indeed , it is at least conceivable that the mission of assured destruction would not have to be executed at all in the event that deterrence failed . Official adoption of the countervailing strategy came with President Carters approval of Presidential Directive 59 ( PD 59 ) on July 25 , 1980 . In explaining PD 59 Brown argued that it was not a new strategic doctrine , but rather a refinement , a codification of previous explanations of our strategic policy . The heart of PD 59 , as Brown described it , was as follows : Because the almost simultaneous disclosures of PD 59 and the stealth technology came in the midst of the 1980 United States presidential election campaign ; some critics asserted that the Carter administration leaked them to counter charges of weakness and boost its re-election chances . Others charged that PD 59 made it more likely that the United States would initiate a nuclear conflict , based on the assumption that a nuclear war could somehow be limited . Brown insisted that the countervailing strategy was not a first strike strategy . As he put it , Nothing in the policy contemplates that nuclear war can be a deliberate instrument of achieving our national security goals . .. . But we cannot afford the risk that the Soviet leadership might entertain the illusion that nuclear war could be an option – or its threat a means of coercion – for them . NATO . Brown regarded the strengthening of NATO as a key national security objective and worked hard to invigorate the alliance . With the assistance of Robert W . Komer , at first his special adviser on NATO affairs and subsequently under-secretary of defense for policy , Brown launched a series of NATO initiatives shortly after taking office . In May 1978 the NATO heads of government endorsed a long term defense program which included 10 priority categories : enhanced readiness ; rapid reinforcement ; stronger European reserve forces ; improvements in maritime capabilities ; integrated air defenses ; effective command , control , and communications ; electronic warfare ; rationalized procedures for armaments collaboration ; logistics co-ordination and increased war reserves ; and theater nuclear modernization . To implement the last item , NATO defense and foreign ministers decided in December 1979 , to respond to the Soviet deployment of new theater nuclear weapons—the SS-20 missile and the Backfire bomber—by placing 108 Pershing II missiles and 464 ground-launched cruise missiles ( GLCMs ) in several Western European countries beginning in December 1983 . The NATO leaders indicated that the new missile deployment would be scaled down if satisfactory progress occurred in arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union . At Browns urging , NATO members pledged in 1977 to increase their individual defense spending three percent per year in real terms for the 1979-86 period . The objective , Brown explained , was to ensure that alliance resources and capabilities-both conventional and nuclear-would balance those of the Soviet bloc . Although some NATO members hesitated to confirm the agreement to accept new missiles and did not always attain the three percent target , Brown was pleased with NATOs progress . Midway in his term he told an interviewer that he thought his most important achievement thus far had been the revitalization of NATO . Brown also tried to strengthen the defense contributions of U.S . allies outside of NATO , particularly Japan and South Korea . He repeatedly urged the Japanese government to increase its defense budget so that it could shoulder a larger share of the Western allies Pacific security burden . Although the Carter administration decided in 1977 on a phased withdrawal of United States ground forces from South Korea , it pledged to continue military and other assistance to that country . Later , because of a substantial buildup of North Korean military forces and opposition to the troop withdrawal in the United States , the president shelved the plan , leaving approximately 40,000 U.S . troops in Korea . In establishing diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China ( PRC ) on January 1 , 1979 , the United States formally recognized the PRC almost 30 years after its establishment . A year later Brown visited the PRC , talked with its political and military leaders , and helped lay the groundwork for limited collaboration on security issues . Arms control . Arms control formed an integral part of Browns national security policy . He staunchly supported the June 1979 SALT II treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union and was the administrations leading spokesman in urging the Senate to approve it . SALT II limited both sides to 2,250 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles ( bombers , ICBMs , SLBMs , and air-to-surface ballistic missiles ) , including a sublimit of 1,200 launchers of MIRVed ballistic missiles , of which only 820 could be launchers of MIRVed ICBMs . It also placed restrictions on the number of warheads on each missile and on deployment of new land-based ballistic missile systems , except for one new type of light ICBM for each side . There was also a provision for verification by each side using its own national technical means . Brown explained that SALT II would reduce the Soviet Unions strategic forces , bring enhanced predictability and stability to Soviet-U.S . nuclear relationships , reduce the cost of maintaining a strategic balance , help the United States to monitor Soviet forces , and reduce the risk of nuclear war . He rebutted charges by SALT II critics that the United States had underestimated the Soviet military buildup , that the treaty would weaken the Western alliance , that the Soviet Union could not be trusted to obey the treaty , and that its terms could not really be verified . Partly to placate Senate opponents of the treaty , the Carter administration agreed in the fall of 1979 to support higher increases in the defense budget . However , the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 ensured that the Senate would not accept the treaty at that time , forcing the president to withdraw it from consideration . When his term ended in 1981 , Brown said that failure to secure ratification of SALT II was his greatest regret . The U.S . and the Soviet Union still followed the terms of the pact , even though it was non-binding , until 1986 , when President Ronald Reagan accused the Soviet Union of violating the terms and withdrew from the pact . Regional matters . Panama Canal . Besides broad national security policy matters , Brown had to deal with several more immediate questions , among them the Panama Canal issue . Control of the Panama canal zone had been a source of contention ever since Panama achieved its independence from Colombia in 1903 and granted the United States a concession in perpetuity . In the mid-1960s , after serious disturbances in the zone , the United States and Panama began negotiations that went on intermittently until September 7 , 1977 , when the countries signed two treaties , one providing for full Panamanian control of the canal by the year 2000 and the other guaranteeing the canals neutrality . The Defense Department played a major role in the Panama negotiations . Brown championed the treaties through a difficult fight to gain Senate approval ( secured in March and April 1978 ) , insisting that they were both advantageous to the United States and essential to the canals future operation and security . Middle East . In Middle East affairs , Brown supported President Carters efforts as an intermediary in the Egyptian-Israeli negotiations leading to the Camp David Accords of September 1978 and the signing by the two nations of a peace treaty in March 1979 . Elsewhere , the fall of the Shah from power in Iran in January 1979 eliminated a major U.S . ally and triggered a chain of events that played havoc with American policy in the region . In November 1979 , Iranian revolutionaries occupied the U.S . embassy in Tehran and took more than 50 hostages . Brown participated closely in planning for a rescue operation that ended in failure and the loss of eight U.S . servicemen on April 24–25 , 1980 . Not until the last day of his administration , on January 20 , 1981 , could President Carter make final arrangements for the release of the hostages . Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to bolster a pro-Soviet Communist government further complicated the role of the United States in the Middle East and Southwest Asia . In response to the events in Iran and Afghanistan and in anticipation of others , Brown activated the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force ( RDJTF ) at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , on March 1 , 1980 . Although normally a planning headquarters without operational units , the RDJTF could obtain such forces from the several services and command them in crisis situations . Brown explained that the RDJTF was responsible for developing plans for contingency operations , particularly in Southwest Asia , and maintaining adequate capabilities and readiness for such missions . Budget . As with all of his predecessors , budget matters occupied a major portion of Browns time . During the 1976 campaign , President Carter criticized the defense spending levels of the Ford administration and promised cuts in the range of $5 billion to $7 billion . Shortly after he became secretary , Brown suggested a series of amendments to Fords proposed fiscal year 1978 budget , having the effect of cutting it by almost $3 billion , but still allowing a Total Obligational Authority ( TOA ) increase of more than $8 billion over the fiscal year 1977 budget . Subsequent budgets under Brown moved generally upward , reflecting high prevailing rates of inflation , the need to strengthen and modernize conventional forces neglected somewhat since the end of the Vietnam War , and serious challenges in the Middle East , Iran , Afghanistan , and elsewhere . The Brown Defense budgets by fiscal year , in TOA , were as follows : 1978 , $116.1 billion ; 1979 , $124.7 billion ; 1980 , $141.9 billion ; and 1981 , $175.5 billion . In terms of real growth , there were slight negative percentages in 1978 and 1979 , and increases in 1980 and 1981 . Part of the increase for fiscal year 1981 resulted from supplemental appropriations obtained by the Reagan administration ; but the Carter administration by this time had departed substantially from its early emphasis on curtailing the department of defense budget . Its proposals for fiscal year 1982 , submitted in January 1981 , called for significant real growth over the TOA for fiscal year 1981 . In his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , Brown boasted that the Defense Department budget in real terms was 10 to 12 percent more when we left than when we came in , which he opined was not an easy accomplishment , especially considering Carters campaign promise to cut defense spending , and pressure to that effect from congressional Democrats . With the increased budget , Brown oversaw the development of stealth aircraft , and the acceleration of the Trident submarine program and the conversion of older Poseidon submarines to carry MIRVs . Departure . Brown left office on January 20 , 1981 , following President Carters unsuccessful bid for re-election . During the 1980 campaign , Brown actively defended the Carter administrations policies , speaking frequently on national issues in public . Brown received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Carter in 1981 and the Enrico Fermi Award from President Bill Clinton in 1993 . Later life . After leaving the Pentagon , Brown remained in Washington , D.C. , joining the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies as a visiting professor and later the universitys Foreign Policy Institute as chairman . He continued to speak and write widely on national security issues , and in 1983 published Thinking About National Security : Defense and Foreign Policy in a Dangerous World/ In later years , Brown was affiliated with research organizations and served on the boards of a number of corporations , like Altria ( previously Philip Morris ) . On January 5 , 2006 , he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials . In July 2011 , Brown became a member of the United States Energy Security Council , which seeks to diminish oils monopoly over the U.S . transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security ( IAGS ) . Brown died of pancreatic cancer on January 4 , 2019 , at the age of 91 . |
[
"President of the California Institute of Technology"
] | easy | Which position did Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense) hold from 1969 to 1977? | /wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)#P39#1 | Harold Brown ( Secretary of Defense ) Harold Brown ( September 19 , 1927 – January 4 , 2019 ) was an American nuclear physicist who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981 , under President Jimmy Carter . Previously , in the John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson administrations , he held the posts of Director of Defense Research and Engineering ( 1961–1965 ) and United States Secretary of the Air Force ( 1965–1969 ) . A child prodigy , Brown graduated from the Bronx High School of Science at age 15 , and earned a Ph.D . in physics from Columbia University at age 21 . As Secretary of Defense , he set the groundwork for the Camp David Accords , took part in strategic arms negotiations with the Soviet Union and supported , unsuccessfully , ratification of the SALT II treaty . Early life and career . Brown was born in Brooklyn , New York , the son of Abraham , a lawyer who had fought in World War I , and Gertrude ( Cohen ) Brown , a diamond merchants bookkeeper . His parents were secular Jews and strong supporters of President Franklin D . Roosevelt . From a very young age Brown was drawn to mathematics and physics ; he enrolled as a student at the Bronx High School of Science , from which he graduated at age 15 with a grade average of 99.5 . He then immediately entered Columbia University , earning an A.B . summa cum laude at 17 years of age , as well as the Green Memorial Prize for the best academic record . He continued as a graduate student at Columbia , and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1949 , when he was 21 . After a short period of teaching and postdoctoral research , Brown became a research scientist at the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California , Berkeley . At Berkeley , he played a role in the construction of the Polaris missile and the development of plutonium . In 1952 , he joined the staff of the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore and became its director in 1960 , succeeding Edward Teller , of whom he was a protégé . At Livermore , Brown led a team of six other physicists , all older than he was , who used some of the first computers , along with mathematics and engineering , to reduce the size of thermonuclear warheads for strategic military use . Brown and his team helped make Livermores reputation by designing nuclear warheads small and light enough to be placed on the Navys nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines ( SSBNs ) . During the 1950s he served as a member of , or consultant to , several federal scientific bodies and as senior science adviser at the 1958-1959 Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Tests . Brown worked under United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara as Director of Defense Research and Engineering from 1961 to 1965 , and then as United States Secretary of the Air Force from October 1965 to February 1969 , first under McNamara and then under Clark Clifford . From 1969 to 1977 , he was President of the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) . U.S . Secretary of Defense . Appointment and initial agenda . Although Brown had accumulated almost eight years of prior service in the Pentagon , he was the first natural scientist to become secretary of defense . He involved himself in practically all areas of departmental activity . Consistent with the Carter administrations objective to reorganize the federal government , Brown launched a comprehensive review of defense organization that eventually brought significant change . But he understood the limits to effective reform . In one of his first speeches after leaving office , Managing the Defense Department-Why It Cant Be Done , at the University of Michigan in March 1981 , he observed:With regard to strategic planning , Brown shared much the same concerns as his Republican predecessors—the need to upgrade U.S . military forces and improve collective security arrangements—but with a stronger commitment to arms control . Brown adhered to the principle of essential equivalence in the nuclear competition with the Soviet Union . This meant that Soviet strategic nuclear forces do not become usable instruments of political leverage , diplomatic coercion , or military advantage ; nuclear stability , especially in a crisis , is maintained ; any advantages in force characteristics enjoyed by the Soviets are offset by U.S . advantages in other characteristics ; and the U.S . posture is not in fact , and is not seen as , inferior in performance to the strategic nuclear forces of the Soviet Union . His later writings in his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , reinforced this agenda:When I became secretary of defense in 1977 , the military services , most of all the army , were disrupted badly by the Vietnam War . There was general agreement that the Soviet Union outclassed the West in conventional military capability , especially in ground forces in Europe.According to The New York Times , experts say in retrospect that contrary to a popular narrative which asserts that President Ronald Reagan increased defense spending to ramp up competition with ( and ultimately bankrupting ) the Soviet Union , it was Carter and Brown who began maintaining the strategic balance , countering Soviet aircraft and ballistic innovations by improving land-based ICBMs , by upgrading B-52 strategic bombers with low-flying cruise missiles and by deploying far more submarine-launched missiles tipped with MIRVs , or multiple warheads that split into independent trajectories to hit many targets . Nuclear missiles . Brown considered it essential to maintain the triad of ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ; some of the administrations most important decisions on weapon systems reflected this commitment . Although he decided not to produce the B-1 bomber , he did recommend upgrading existing B-52s and equipping them with air-launched cruise missiles , and gave the go-ahead for development of a stealth technology , fostered by William J . Perry , under-secretary of defense for research and engineering , that would make it possible to produce planes ( bombers as well as other aircraft ) with very low radar profiles , presumably able to elude enemy defenses and deliver weapons on targets . The administration backed development of the MX missile , intended to replace in the 1980s the increasingly vulnerable Minuteman and Titan intercontinental missiles . To insure MX survivability , Brown recommended deploying the missiles in multiple protective shelters ; 200 MX missiles would be placed in Utah and Nevada , with each missile to be shuttled among 23 different shelters of its own located along roadways-meaning a total of 4,600 such shelters . Although this plan was expensive and environmentally controversial , Brown argued that it was the most viable scheme to protect the missiles from enemy attack . For the sea leg of the triad , Brown accelerated development of the larger Trident nuclear submarine and carried forward the conversion of Poseidon submarines to a fully MIRVed missile capability . By early 1979 , Brown and his staff had developed a countervailing strategy , an approach to nuclear targeting that past secretaries of defense Robert McNamara and James R . Schlesinger had both earlier found attractive ; but , never formally codified . As Brown put it , we must have forces and plans for the use of our strategic nuclear forces such that in considering aggression against our interests , our adversary would recognize that no plausible outcome would represent a success-on any rational definition of success . The prospect of such a failure would then deter an adversarys attack on the United States or our vital interests . Although Brown did not rule out the assured destruction approach , which stressed attacks on urban and industrial targets , he believed that such destruction must not be automatic , our only choice , or independent of any enemys attack . Indeed , it is at least conceivable that the mission of assured destruction would not have to be executed at all in the event that deterrence failed . Official adoption of the countervailing strategy came with President Carters approval of Presidential Directive 59 ( PD 59 ) on July 25 , 1980 . In explaining PD 59 Brown argued that it was not a new strategic doctrine , but rather a refinement , a codification of previous explanations of our strategic policy . The heart of PD 59 , as Brown described it , was as follows : Because the almost simultaneous disclosures of PD 59 and the stealth technology came in the midst of the 1980 United States presidential election campaign ; some critics asserted that the Carter administration leaked them to counter charges of weakness and boost its re-election chances . Others charged that PD 59 made it more likely that the United States would initiate a nuclear conflict , based on the assumption that a nuclear war could somehow be limited . Brown insisted that the countervailing strategy was not a first strike strategy . As he put it , Nothing in the policy contemplates that nuclear war can be a deliberate instrument of achieving our national security goals . .. . But we cannot afford the risk that the Soviet leadership might entertain the illusion that nuclear war could be an option – or its threat a means of coercion – for them . NATO . Brown regarded the strengthening of NATO as a key national security objective and worked hard to invigorate the alliance . With the assistance of Robert W . Komer , at first his special adviser on NATO affairs and subsequently under-secretary of defense for policy , Brown launched a series of NATO initiatives shortly after taking office . In May 1978 the NATO heads of government endorsed a long term defense program which included 10 priority categories : enhanced readiness ; rapid reinforcement ; stronger European reserve forces ; improvements in maritime capabilities ; integrated air defenses ; effective command , control , and communications ; electronic warfare ; rationalized procedures for armaments collaboration ; logistics co-ordination and increased war reserves ; and theater nuclear modernization . To implement the last item , NATO defense and foreign ministers decided in December 1979 , to respond to the Soviet deployment of new theater nuclear weapons—the SS-20 missile and the Backfire bomber—by placing 108 Pershing II missiles and 464 ground-launched cruise missiles ( GLCMs ) in several Western European countries beginning in December 1983 . The NATO leaders indicated that the new missile deployment would be scaled down if satisfactory progress occurred in arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union . At Browns urging , NATO members pledged in 1977 to increase their individual defense spending three percent per year in real terms for the 1979-86 period . The objective , Brown explained , was to ensure that alliance resources and capabilities-both conventional and nuclear-would balance those of the Soviet bloc . Although some NATO members hesitated to confirm the agreement to accept new missiles and did not always attain the three percent target , Brown was pleased with NATOs progress . Midway in his term he told an interviewer that he thought his most important achievement thus far had been the revitalization of NATO . Brown also tried to strengthen the defense contributions of U.S . allies outside of NATO , particularly Japan and South Korea . He repeatedly urged the Japanese government to increase its defense budget so that it could shoulder a larger share of the Western allies Pacific security burden . Although the Carter administration decided in 1977 on a phased withdrawal of United States ground forces from South Korea , it pledged to continue military and other assistance to that country . Later , because of a substantial buildup of North Korean military forces and opposition to the troop withdrawal in the United States , the president shelved the plan , leaving approximately 40,000 U.S . troops in Korea . In establishing diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China ( PRC ) on January 1 , 1979 , the United States formally recognized the PRC almost 30 years after its establishment . A year later Brown visited the PRC , talked with its political and military leaders , and helped lay the groundwork for limited collaboration on security issues . Arms control . Arms control formed an integral part of Browns national security policy . He staunchly supported the June 1979 SALT II treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union and was the administrations leading spokesman in urging the Senate to approve it . SALT II limited both sides to 2,250 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles ( bombers , ICBMs , SLBMs , and air-to-surface ballistic missiles ) , including a sublimit of 1,200 launchers of MIRVed ballistic missiles , of which only 820 could be launchers of MIRVed ICBMs . It also placed restrictions on the number of warheads on each missile and on deployment of new land-based ballistic missile systems , except for one new type of light ICBM for each side . There was also a provision for verification by each side using its own national technical means . Brown explained that SALT II would reduce the Soviet Unions strategic forces , bring enhanced predictability and stability to Soviet-U.S . nuclear relationships , reduce the cost of maintaining a strategic balance , help the United States to monitor Soviet forces , and reduce the risk of nuclear war . He rebutted charges by SALT II critics that the United States had underestimated the Soviet military buildup , that the treaty would weaken the Western alliance , that the Soviet Union could not be trusted to obey the treaty , and that its terms could not really be verified . Partly to placate Senate opponents of the treaty , the Carter administration agreed in the fall of 1979 to support higher increases in the defense budget . However , the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 ensured that the Senate would not accept the treaty at that time , forcing the president to withdraw it from consideration . When his term ended in 1981 , Brown said that failure to secure ratification of SALT II was his greatest regret . The U.S . and the Soviet Union still followed the terms of the pact , even though it was non-binding , until 1986 , when President Ronald Reagan accused the Soviet Union of violating the terms and withdrew from the pact . Regional matters . Panama Canal . Besides broad national security policy matters , Brown had to deal with several more immediate questions , among them the Panama Canal issue . Control of the Panama canal zone had been a source of contention ever since Panama achieved its independence from Colombia in 1903 and granted the United States a concession in perpetuity . In the mid-1960s , after serious disturbances in the zone , the United States and Panama began negotiations that went on intermittently until September 7 , 1977 , when the countries signed two treaties , one providing for full Panamanian control of the canal by the year 2000 and the other guaranteeing the canals neutrality . The Defense Department played a major role in the Panama negotiations . Brown championed the treaties through a difficult fight to gain Senate approval ( secured in March and April 1978 ) , insisting that they were both advantageous to the United States and essential to the canals future operation and security . Middle East . In Middle East affairs , Brown supported President Carters efforts as an intermediary in the Egyptian-Israeli negotiations leading to the Camp David Accords of September 1978 and the signing by the two nations of a peace treaty in March 1979 . Elsewhere , the fall of the Shah from power in Iran in January 1979 eliminated a major U.S . ally and triggered a chain of events that played havoc with American policy in the region . In November 1979 , Iranian revolutionaries occupied the U.S . embassy in Tehran and took more than 50 hostages . Brown participated closely in planning for a rescue operation that ended in failure and the loss of eight U.S . servicemen on April 24–25 , 1980 . Not until the last day of his administration , on January 20 , 1981 , could President Carter make final arrangements for the release of the hostages . Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to bolster a pro-Soviet Communist government further complicated the role of the United States in the Middle East and Southwest Asia . In response to the events in Iran and Afghanistan and in anticipation of others , Brown activated the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force ( RDJTF ) at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , on March 1 , 1980 . Although normally a planning headquarters without operational units , the RDJTF could obtain such forces from the several services and command them in crisis situations . Brown explained that the RDJTF was responsible for developing plans for contingency operations , particularly in Southwest Asia , and maintaining adequate capabilities and readiness for such missions . Budget . As with all of his predecessors , budget matters occupied a major portion of Browns time . During the 1976 campaign , President Carter criticized the defense spending levels of the Ford administration and promised cuts in the range of $5 billion to $7 billion . Shortly after he became secretary , Brown suggested a series of amendments to Fords proposed fiscal year 1978 budget , having the effect of cutting it by almost $3 billion , but still allowing a Total Obligational Authority ( TOA ) increase of more than $8 billion over the fiscal year 1977 budget . Subsequent budgets under Brown moved generally upward , reflecting high prevailing rates of inflation , the need to strengthen and modernize conventional forces neglected somewhat since the end of the Vietnam War , and serious challenges in the Middle East , Iran , Afghanistan , and elsewhere . The Brown Defense budgets by fiscal year , in TOA , were as follows : 1978 , $116.1 billion ; 1979 , $124.7 billion ; 1980 , $141.9 billion ; and 1981 , $175.5 billion . In terms of real growth , there were slight negative percentages in 1978 and 1979 , and increases in 1980 and 1981 . Part of the increase for fiscal year 1981 resulted from supplemental appropriations obtained by the Reagan administration ; but the Carter administration by this time had departed substantially from its early emphasis on curtailing the department of defense budget . Its proposals for fiscal year 1982 , submitted in January 1981 , called for significant real growth over the TOA for fiscal year 1981 . In his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , Brown boasted that the Defense Department budget in real terms was 10 to 12 percent more when we left than when we came in , which he opined was not an easy accomplishment , especially considering Carters campaign promise to cut defense spending , and pressure to that effect from congressional Democrats . With the increased budget , Brown oversaw the development of stealth aircraft , and the acceleration of the Trident submarine program and the conversion of older Poseidon submarines to carry MIRVs . Departure . Brown left office on January 20 , 1981 , following President Carters unsuccessful bid for re-election . During the 1980 campaign , Brown actively defended the Carter administrations policies , speaking frequently on national issues in public . Brown received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Carter in 1981 and the Enrico Fermi Award from President Bill Clinton in 1993 . Later life . After leaving the Pentagon , Brown remained in Washington , D.C. , joining the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies as a visiting professor and later the universitys Foreign Policy Institute as chairman . He continued to speak and write widely on national security issues , and in 1983 published Thinking About National Security : Defense and Foreign Policy in a Dangerous World/ In later years , Brown was affiliated with research organizations and served on the boards of a number of corporations , like Altria ( previously Philip Morris ) . On January 5 , 2006 , he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials . In July 2011 , Brown became a member of the United States Energy Security Council , which seeks to diminish oils monopoly over the U.S . transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security ( IAGS ) . Brown died of pancreatic cancer on January 4 , 2019 , at the age of 91 . |
[
"United States Secretary of Defense"
] | easy | What was the position of Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense) from 1977 to 1981? | /wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)#P39#2 | Harold Brown ( Secretary of Defense ) Harold Brown ( September 19 , 1927 – January 4 , 2019 ) was an American nuclear physicist who served as United States Secretary of Defense from 1977 to 1981 , under President Jimmy Carter . Previously , in the John F . Kennedy and Lyndon B . Johnson administrations , he held the posts of Director of Defense Research and Engineering ( 1961–1965 ) and United States Secretary of the Air Force ( 1965–1969 ) . A child prodigy , Brown graduated from the Bronx High School of Science at age 15 , and earned a Ph.D . in physics from Columbia University at age 21 . As Secretary of Defense , he set the groundwork for the Camp David Accords , took part in strategic arms negotiations with the Soviet Union and supported , unsuccessfully , ratification of the SALT II treaty . Early life and career . Brown was born in Brooklyn , New York , the son of Abraham , a lawyer who had fought in World War I , and Gertrude ( Cohen ) Brown , a diamond merchants bookkeeper . His parents were secular Jews and strong supporters of President Franklin D . Roosevelt . From a very young age Brown was drawn to mathematics and physics ; he enrolled as a student at the Bronx High School of Science , from which he graduated at age 15 with a grade average of 99.5 . He then immediately entered Columbia University , earning an A.B . summa cum laude at 17 years of age , as well as the Green Memorial Prize for the best academic record . He continued as a graduate student at Columbia , and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1949 , when he was 21 . After a short period of teaching and postdoctoral research , Brown became a research scientist at the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California , Berkeley . At Berkeley , he played a role in the construction of the Polaris missile and the development of plutonium . In 1952 , he joined the staff of the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore and became its director in 1960 , succeeding Edward Teller , of whom he was a protégé . At Livermore , Brown led a team of six other physicists , all older than he was , who used some of the first computers , along with mathematics and engineering , to reduce the size of thermonuclear warheads for strategic military use . Brown and his team helped make Livermores reputation by designing nuclear warheads small and light enough to be placed on the Navys nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines ( SSBNs ) . During the 1950s he served as a member of , or consultant to , several federal scientific bodies and as senior science adviser at the 1958-1959 Conference on the Discontinuance of Nuclear Tests . Brown worked under United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara as Director of Defense Research and Engineering from 1961 to 1965 , and then as United States Secretary of the Air Force from October 1965 to February 1969 , first under McNamara and then under Clark Clifford . From 1969 to 1977 , he was President of the California Institute of Technology ( Caltech ) . U.S . Secretary of Defense . Appointment and initial agenda . Although Brown had accumulated almost eight years of prior service in the Pentagon , he was the first natural scientist to become secretary of defense . He involved himself in practically all areas of departmental activity . Consistent with the Carter administrations objective to reorganize the federal government , Brown launched a comprehensive review of defense organization that eventually brought significant change . But he understood the limits to effective reform . In one of his first speeches after leaving office , Managing the Defense Department-Why It Cant Be Done , at the University of Michigan in March 1981 , he observed:With regard to strategic planning , Brown shared much the same concerns as his Republican predecessors—the need to upgrade U.S . military forces and improve collective security arrangements—but with a stronger commitment to arms control . Brown adhered to the principle of essential equivalence in the nuclear competition with the Soviet Union . This meant that Soviet strategic nuclear forces do not become usable instruments of political leverage , diplomatic coercion , or military advantage ; nuclear stability , especially in a crisis , is maintained ; any advantages in force characteristics enjoyed by the Soviets are offset by U.S . advantages in other characteristics ; and the U.S . posture is not in fact , and is not seen as , inferior in performance to the strategic nuclear forces of the Soviet Union . His later writings in his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , reinforced this agenda:When I became secretary of defense in 1977 , the military services , most of all the army , were disrupted badly by the Vietnam War . There was general agreement that the Soviet Union outclassed the West in conventional military capability , especially in ground forces in Europe.According to The New York Times , experts say in retrospect that contrary to a popular narrative which asserts that President Ronald Reagan increased defense spending to ramp up competition with ( and ultimately bankrupting ) the Soviet Union , it was Carter and Brown who began maintaining the strategic balance , countering Soviet aircraft and ballistic innovations by improving land-based ICBMs , by upgrading B-52 strategic bombers with low-flying cruise missiles and by deploying far more submarine-launched missiles tipped with MIRVs , or multiple warheads that split into independent trajectories to hit many targets . Nuclear missiles . Brown considered it essential to maintain the triad of ICBMs , SLBMs , and strategic bombers ; some of the administrations most important decisions on weapon systems reflected this commitment . Although he decided not to produce the B-1 bomber , he did recommend upgrading existing B-52s and equipping them with air-launched cruise missiles , and gave the go-ahead for development of a stealth technology , fostered by William J . Perry , under-secretary of defense for research and engineering , that would make it possible to produce planes ( bombers as well as other aircraft ) with very low radar profiles , presumably able to elude enemy defenses and deliver weapons on targets . The administration backed development of the MX missile , intended to replace in the 1980s the increasingly vulnerable Minuteman and Titan intercontinental missiles . To insure MX survivability , Brown recommended deploying the missiles in multiple protective shelters ; 200 MX missiles would be placed in Utah and Nevada , with each missile to be shuttled among 23 different shelters of its own located along roadways-meaning a total of 4,600 such shelters . Although this plan was expensive and environmentally controversial , Brown argued that it was the most viable scheme to protect the missiles from enemy attack . For the sea leg of the triad , Brown accelerated development of the larger Trident nuclear submarine and carried forward the conversion of Poseidon submarines to a fully MIRVed missile capability . By early 1979 , Brown and his staff had developed a countervailing strategy , an approach to nuclear targeting that past secretaries of defense Robert McNamara and James R . Schlesinger had both earlier found attractive ; but , never formally codified . As Brown put it , we must have forces and plans for the use of our strategic nuclear forces such that in considering aggression against our interests , our adversary would recognize that no plausible outcome would represent a success-on any rational definition of success . The prospect of such a failure would then deter an adversarys attack on the United States or our vital interests . Although Brown did not rule out the assured destruction approach , which stressed attacks on urban and industrial targets , he believed that such destruction must not be automatic , our only choice , or independent of any enemys attack . Indeed , it is at least conceivable that the mission of assured destruction would not have to be executed at all in the event that deterrence failed . Official adoption of the countervailing strategy came with President Carters approval of Presidential Directive 59 ( PD 59 ) on July 25 , 1980 . In explaining PD 59 Brown argued that it was not a new strategic doctrine , but rather a refinement , a codification of previous explanations of our strategic policy . The heart of PD 59 , as Brown described it , was as follows : Because the almost simultaneous disclosures of PD 59 and the stealth technology came in the midst of the 1980 United States presidential election campaign ; some critics asserted that the Carter administration leaked them to counter charges of weakness and boost its re-election chances . Others charged that PD 59 made it more likely that the United States would initiate a nuclear conflict , based on the assumption that a nuclear war could somehow be limited . Brown insisted that the countervailing strategy was not a first strike strategy . As he put it , Nothing in the policy contemplates that nuclear war can be a deliberate instrument of achieving our national security goals . .. . But we cannot afford the risk that the Soviet leadership might entertain the illusion that nuclear war could be an option – or its threat a means of coercion – for them . NATO . Brown regarded the strengthening of NATO as a key national security objective and worked hard to invigorate the alliance . With the assistance of Robert W . Komer , at first his special adviser on NATO affairs and subsequently under-secretary of defense for policy , Brown launched a series of NATO initiatives shortly after taking office . In May 1978 the NATO heads of government endorsed a long term defense program which included 10 priority categories : enhanced readiness ; rapid reinforcement ; stronger European reserve forces ; improvements in maritime capabilities ; integrated air defenses ; effective command , control , and communications ; electronic warfare ; rationalized procedures for armaments collaboration ; logistics co-ordination and increased war reserves ; and theater nuclear modernization . To implement the last item , NATO defense and foreign ministers decided in December 1979 , to respond to the Soviet deployment of new theater nuclear weapons—the SS-20 missile and the Backfire bomber—by placing 108 Pershing II missiles and 464 ground-launched cruise missiles ( GLCMs ) in several Western European countries beginning in December 1983 . The NATO leaders indicated that the new missile deployment would be scaled down if satisfactory progress occurred in arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union . At Browns urging , NATO members pledged in 1977 to increase their individual defense spending three percent per year in real terms for the 1979-86 period . The objective , Brown explained , was to ensure that alliance resources and capabilities-both conventional and nuclear-would balance those of the Soviet bloc . Although some NATO members hesitated to confirm the agreement to accept new missiles and did not always attain the three percent target , Brown was pleased with NATOs progress . Midway in his term he told an interviewer that he thought his most important achievement thus far had been the revitalization of NATO . Brown also tried to strengthen the defense contributions of U.S . allies outside of NATO , particularly Japan and South Korea . He repeatedly urged the Japanese government to increase its defense budget so that it could shoulder a larger share of the Western allies Pacific security burden . Although the Carter administration decided in 1977 on a phased withdrawal of United States ground forces from South Korea , it pledged to continue military and other assistance to that country . Later , because of a substantial buildup of North Korean military forces and opposition to the troop withdrawal in the United States , the president shelved the plan , leaving approximately 40,000 U.S . troops in Korea . In establishing diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China ( PRC ) on January 1 , 1979 , the United States formally recognized the PRC almost 30 years after its establishment . A year later Brown visited the PRC , talked with its political and military leaders , and helped lay the groundwork for limited collaboration on security issues . Arms control . Arms control formed an integral part of Browns national security policy . He staunchly supported the June 1979 SALT II treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union and was the administrations leading spokesman in urging the Senate to approve it . SALT II limited both sides to 2,250 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles ( bombers , ICBMs , SLBMs , and air-to-surface ballistic missiles ) , including a sublimit of 1,200 launchers of MIRVed ballistic missiles , of which only 820 could be launchers of MIRVed ICBMs . It also placed restrictions on the number of warheads on each missile and on deployment of new land-based ballistic missile systems , except for one new type of light ICBM for each side . There was also a provision for verification by each side using its own national technical means . Brown explained that SALT II would reduce the Soviet Unions strategic forces , bring enhanced predictability and stability to Soviet-U.S . nuclear relationships , reduce the cost of maintaining a strategic balance , help the United States to monitor Soviet forces , and reduce the risk of nuclear war . He rebutted charges by SALT II critics that the United States had underestimated the Soviet military buildup , that the treaty would weaken the Western alliance , that the Soviet Union could not be trusted to obey the treaty , and that its terms could not really be verified . Partly to placate Senate opponents of the treaty , the Carter administration agreed in the fall of 1979 to support higher increases in the defense budget . However , the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 ensured that the Senate would not accept the treaty at that time , forcing the president to withdraw it from consideration . When his term ended in 1981 , Brown said that failure to secure ratification of SALT II was his greatest regret . The U.S . and the Soviet Union still followed the terms of the pact , even though it was non-binding , until 1986 , when President Ronald Reagan accused the Soviet Union of violating the terms and withdrew from the pact . Regional matters . Panama Canal . Besides broad national security policy matters , Brown had to deal with several more immediate questions , among them the Panama Canal issue . Control of the Panama canal zone had been a source of contention ever since Panama achieved its independence from Colombia in 1903 and granted the United States a concession in perpetuity . In the mid-1960s , after serious disturbances in the zone , the United States and Panama began negotiations that went on intermittently until September 7 , 1977 , when the countries signed two treaties , one providing for full Panamanian control of the canal by the year 2000 and the other guaranteeing the canals neutrality . The Defense Department played a major role in the Panama negotiations . Brown championed the treaties through a difficult fight to gain Senate approval ( secured in March and April 1978 ) , insisting that they were both advantageous to the United States and essential to the canals future operation and security . Middle East . In Middle East affairs , Brown supported President Carters efforts as an intermediary in the Egyptian-Israeli negotiations leading to the Camp David Accords of September 1978 and the signing by the two nations of a peace treaty in March 1979 . Elsewhere , the fall of the Shah from power in Iran in January 1979 eliminated a major U.S . ally and triggered a chain of events that played havoc with American policy in the region . In November 1979 , Iranian revolutionaries occupied the U.S . embassy in Tehran and took more than 50 hostages . Brown participated closely in planning for a rescue operation that ended in failure and the loss of eight U.S . servicemen on April 24–25 , 1980 . Not until the last day of his administration , on January 20 , 1981 , could President Carter make final arrangements for the release of the hostages . Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 to bolster a pro-Soviet Communist government further complicated the role of the United States in the Middle East and Southwest Asia . In response to the events in Iran and Afghanistan and in anticipation of others , Brown activated the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force ( RDJTF ) at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , on March 1 , 1980 . Although normally a planning headquarters without operational units , the RDJTF could obtain such forces from the several services and command them in crisis situations . Brown explained that the RDJTF was responsible for developing plans for contingency operations , particularly in Southwest Asia , and maintaining adequate capabilities and readiness for such missions . Budget . As with all of his predecessors , budget matters occupied a major portion of Browns time . During the 1976 campaign , President Carter criticized the defense spending levels of the Ford administration and promised cuts in the range of $5 billion to $7 billion . Shortly after he became secretary , Brown suggested a series of amendments to Fords proposed fiscal year 1978 budget , having the effect of cutting it by almost $3 billion , but still allowing a Total Obligational Authority ( TOA ) increase of more than $8 billion over the fiscal year 1977 budget . Subsequent budgets under Brown moved generally upward , reflecting high prevailing rates of inflation , the need to strengthen and modernize conventional forces neglected somewhat since the end of the Vietnam War , and serious challenges in the Middle East , Iran , Afghanistan , and elsewhere . The Brown Defense budgets by fiscal year , in TOA , were as follows : 1978 , $116.1 billion ; 1979 , $124.7 billion ; 1980 , $141.9 billion ; and 1981 , $175.5 billion . In terms of real growth , there were slight negative percentages in 1978 and 1979 , and increases in 1980 and 1981 . Part of the increase for fiscal year 1981 resulted from supplemental appropriations obtained by the Reagan administration ; but the Carter administration by this time had departed substantially from its early emphasis on curtailing the department of defense budget . Its proposals for fiscal year 1982 , submitted in January 1981 , called for significant real growth over the TOA for fiscal year 1981 . In his 2012 memoir , Star-Spangled Security , Brown boasted that the Defense Department budget in real terms was 10 to 12 percent more when we left than when we came in , which he opined was not an easy accomplishment , especially considering Carters campaign promise to cut defense spending , and pressure to that effect from congressional Democrats . With the increased budget , Brown oversaw the development of stealth aircraft , and the acceleration of the Trident submarine program and the conversion of older Poseidon submarines to carry MIRVs . Departure . Brown left office on January 20 , 1981 , following President Carters unsuccessful bid for re-election . During the 1980 campaign , Brown actively defended the Carter administrations policies , speaking frequently on national issues in public . Brown received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Carter in 1981 and the Enrico Fermi Award from President Bill Clinton in 1993 . Later life . After leaving the Pentagon , Brown remained in Washington , D.C. , joining the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies as a visiting professor and later the universitys Foreign Policy Institute as chairman . He continued to speak and write widely on national security issues , and in 1983 published Thinking About National Security : Defense and Foreign Policy in a Dangerous World/ In later years , Brown was affiliated with research organizations and served on the boards of a number of corporations , like Altria ( previously Philip Morris ) . On January 5 , 2006 , he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials . In July 2011 , Brown became a member of the United States Energy Security Council , which seeks to diminish oils monopoly over the U.S . transportation sector and is sponsored by the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security ( IAGS ) . Brown died of pancreatic cancer on January 4 , 2019 , at the age of 91 . |
[
"United States Representative"
] | easy | What was the position of Kenneth McKellar (politician) from Dec 1911 to Mar 1917? | /wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)#P39#0 | Kenneth McKellar ( politician ) Kenneth Douglas McKellar ( January 29 , 1869October 25 , 1957 ) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953 . A Democrat , he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history . Only a few other congressmen in American history have served longer in both houses . Early life and career . McKellar was a native of Dallas County , Alabama . He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1891 and its law school in 1892 . He moved to Memphis , Tennessee and is related to Henry Nickey , an MUS Basketball star , and was admitted to the state bar the same year . McKellar joined the Democratic Party , which dominated the politics of West Tennessee , where plantations were historically and economically important . He was first elected to the House in a special election in November 1911 to succeed George W . Gordon in Tennessees 10th congressional district , which included Memphis . He won the seat in his own right in 1912 and was reelected in 1914 , serving until his election to the United States Senate . United States Senate . McKellar ran for the Senate in 1916 , defeating incumbent Senator Luke Lea in the Democratic primary and winning the general election against former Republican Governor Ben W . Hooper . He was reelected to the Senate in 1922 ( defeating former Senator Newell Sanders ) , 1928 ( defeating former U.S . Assistant Attorney General James Alexander Fowler ) , 1934 ( again defeating Ben Hooper ) , 1940 ( against Howard Baker , Sr. , father of future Senator Howard Baker ) , and 1946 when he defeated William B . Ladd . McKellar was considered a moderate progressive in his early days in the Senate , and he supported many of President Woodrow Wilsons reform initiatives as well as ratification of the Treaty of Versailles . During President Franklin D . Roosevelts administration , McKellar staunchly supported the New Deal , especially the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) , to provide flood control and generate hydropower for rural electrification in the Tennessee Valley . McKellar was close ally of Memphis Democratic political boss E . H . Crump . Kenneth McKellar was a crusader for free trade ; he supported the repeal of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff after 1930 . Despite his early support for the policies of Franklin D . Roosevelt ( FDR ) , McKellar became more conservative in his political stances . He opposed several of the administrations appointments . He had a prolonged feud with FDRs appointee to head the TVA , David E . Lilienthal . As ranking member of the Appropriations Committee McKellar , who was an avid supporter of property rights , successfully forced the TVA to properly reimburse landowners whose property was taken over by the TVA for such purposes as dam building and creation of lakes or reservoirs . Prior to McKellars threats to withhold Federal appropriations for the purchase of uranium early in World War II , the TVA was commonly offering to give landholders pennies on the dollar for their properties . As head of the Appropriations Committee , McKellar knew about the appropriations needed for the Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb . He was often called upon to keep the secret of the Manhattan Project by mingling funds for the bomb project with other projects , or through carefully planned ( secret ) War Projects Funding . As the Tennessee Valley Authority was centered in Tennessee , his home state , McKellar reacted to what he thought was harsh TVA treatment of his constituents as a personal affront by Lilienthal . McKellars threat to withhold funding for purchases of uranium had a much deeper meaning , though . Lilienthal was also closely associated with the Manhattan Projects work to electromagnetically enrich uranium , coincidentally at the facility later known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Ernest Lawrences electromagnetic enrichment of uranium at Oak Ridge would eventually use the electricity created by the TVA to enrich the uranium used in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima . By threatening to withhold funding for the purchase of uranium , McKellar was demonstrating to Lilienthal that the politician , as ranking member and Acting Chairman of the Appropriations Committee , held the power . He forced Lilienthal to have the TVA pay fair market value for land it appropriated . McKellar twice served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate . Beginning in 1945 , he was the first to hold the position under the seniority system that has prevailed since of reserving it for the majority party . When Harry Truman became president in April 1945 , upon FDRs death , the vice presidency became vacant . ( The mechanism for filling intra-term vacancies had not yet been created by the 25th Amendment. ) McKellar became the permanent Presiding Officer of the United States Senate . Also , as the President pro tempore of the Senate had , prior to 1886 , been second in the presidential line of succession , behind only the vice president , Truman viewed McKellar as the logical wartime replacement for himself , and asked McKellar to attend all Cabinet meetings . In 1947 Truman successfully lobbied Congress to pass a new Presidential Succession Act , restoring both the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate to the succession ahead of Cabinet secretaries . By the time the law came into effect , McKellar was no longer in the position of President pro tempore , as the Republicans had gained the majority in the 80th Congress . Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 to restrict labor unions , which McKellar had favored . Truman selected Alben Barkley of Kentucky as his running mate in the 1948 presidential election . When Democrats regained control of the Senate following the 1948 elections , McKellar again became President pro tempore . He was second in line for the presidency ( behind the Speaker of the House ) from January 3 , 1949 until January 20 , 1949 , when Alben Barkley took office as Vice President of the United States . McKellar also served as chairman of the Civil Service Committee , Post Office and Road Committee , and , most notably , the powerful Appropriations Committee from 1945–1947 , and again from 1949–1953 . Longevity . McKellar is the only Tennessee senator to have completed more than three full terms . Except for McKellar , Tennessee has generally not joined in the Southern tradition of reelecting senators for protracted periods of service . Before the era of popular election of U.S . Senators , Senator William B . Bate was elected to a fourth term by the Tennessee General Assembly , but he died five days into this term , while Senator Isham G . Harris also died early in his fourth term . Senator Joseph Anderson was elected by the General Assembly to three full terms plus the balance of the term of William Blount , who had been expelled from the Senate . 1952 election . In 1952 McKellar stood for a seventh term ( the first Senator to do so ) , despite being 83 . He was opposed for renomination by Middle Tennessee Congressman Albert Gore . McKellars reelection slogan was Thinking Feller ? Vote McKellar , which Gore countered with Think Some More – Vote for Gore . Gore defeated McKellar for the Democratic nomination in August in what was widely regarded as something of an upset . At this point in Tennessee history , the Democratic nomination for statewide office was still tantamount to election . Most African Americans had been disenfranchised by discriminatory laws and practices , resulting in the Republican Party being active chiefly in East Tennessee . This had been the case since the Civil War . Gore served three full terms in the Senate . McKellars defeat was part of a statewide trend of change in 1952 . That year incumbent governor of Tennessee Gordon Browning was defeated by Frank G . Clement . Browning , who had served a total of three terms as governor , the last two successive , had also at one point been a close ally of Crumps but had since broken ranks with him . As Clement and Gore were both considerably younger and regarded as more progressive than their predecessors , some historians cite the 1952 elections as an indication that Tennessee entered into the New South era of Southern politics earlier than most of the other Southern states . Legacy . McKellar wrote a book about his Tennessee predecessors in the Senate called Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of Their Successors ( 1942 ) . In recent years it has been updated by one of his successors , former Senate Majority Leader Dr . Bill Frist . Lake McKellar , bordering the Memphis Presidents Island industrial area along the Mississippi River and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport ( originally McKellar Field ) in Jackson , Tennessee ( MKL ) are both named in his honor . McKellar died on October 25 , 1957 . He is interred at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis , Tennessee . Representation in other media . Some have speculated that Senator McKellar was the inspiration for the character South Carolina Senator Seabright Cooley in Allen Drurys novel Advise and Consent . McKellar was portrayed by actor/country singer Ed Bruce in the film Public Enemies ( 2009 ) and Michael ONeill in the film J . Edgar ( 2011 ) . |
[
"United States Senator"
] | easy | Which position did Kenneth McKellar (politician) hold from Mar 1917 to 1945? | /wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)#P39#1 | Kenneth McKellar ( politician ) Kenneth Douglas McKellar ( January 29 , 1869October 25 , 1957 ) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953 . A Democrat , he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history . Only a few other congressmen in American history have served longer in both houses . Early life and career . McKellar was a native of Dallas County , Alabama . He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1891 and its law school in 1892 . He moved to Memphis , Tennessee and is related to Henry Nickey , an MUS Basketball star , and was admitted to the state bar the same year . McKellar joined the Democratic Party , which dominated the politics of West Tennessee , where plantations were historically and economically important . He was first elected to the House in a special election in November 1911 to succeed George W . Gordon in Tennessees 10th congressional district , which included Memphis . He won the seat in his own right in 1912 and was reelected in 1914 , serving until his election to the United States Senate . United States Senate . McKellar ran for the Senate in 1916 , defeating incumbent Senator Luke Lea in the Democratic primary and winning the general election against former Republican Governor Ben W . Hooper . He was reelected to the Senate in 1922 ( defeating former Senator Newell Sanders ) , 1928 ( defeating former U.S . Assistant Attorney General James Alexander Fowler ) , 1934 ( again defeating Ben Hooper ) , 1940 ( against Howard Baker , Sr. , father of future Senator Howard Baker ) , and 1946 when he defeated William B . Ladd . McKellar was considered a moderate progressive in his early days in the Senate , and he supported many of President Woodrow Wilsons reform initiatives as well as ratification of the Treaty of Versailles . During President Franklin D . Roosevelts administration , McKellar staunchly supported the New Deal , especially the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) , to provide flood control and generate hydropower for rural electrification in the Tennessee Valley . McKellar was close ally of Memphis Democratic political boss E . H . Crump . Kenneth McKellar was a crusader for free trade ; he supported the repeal of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff after 1930 . Despite his early support for the policies of Franklin D . Roosevelt ( FDR ) , McKellar became more conservative in his political stances . He opposed several of the administrations appointments . He had a prolonged feud with FDRs appointee to head the TVA , David E . Lilienthal . As ranking member of the Appropriations Committee McKellar , who was an avid supporter of property rights , successfully forced the TVA to properly reimburse landowners whose property was taken over by the TVA for such purposes as dam building and creation of lakes or reservoirs . Prior to McKellars threats to withhold Federal appropriations for the purchase of uranium early in World War II , the TVA was commonly offering to give landholders pennies on the dollar for their properties . As head of the Appropriations Committee , McKellar knew about the appropriations needed for the Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb . He was often called upon to keep the secret of the Manhattan Project by mingling funds for the bomb project with other projects , or through carefully planned ( secret ) War Projects Funding . As the Tennessee Valley Authority was centered in Tennessee , his home state , McKellar reacted to what he thought was harsh TVA treatment of his constituents as a personal affront by Lilienthal . McKellars threat to withhold funding for purchases of uranium had a much deeper meaning , though . Lilienthal was also closely associated with the Manhattan Projects work to electromagnetically enrich uranium , coincidentally at the facility later known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Ernest Lawrences electromagnetic enrichment of uranium at Oak Ridge would eventually use the electricity created by the TVA to enrich the uranium used in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima . By threatening to withhold funding for the purchase of uranium , McKellar was demonstrating to Lilienthal that the politician , as ranking member and Acting Chairman of the Appropriations Committee , held the power . He forced Lilienthal to have the TVA pay fair market value for land it appropriated . McKellar twice served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate . Beginning in 1945 , he was the first to hold the position under the seniority system that has prevailed since of reserving it for the majority party . When Harry Truman became president in April 1945 , upon FDRs death , the vice presidency became vacant . ( The mechanism for filling intra-term vacancies had not yet been created by the 25th Amendment. ) McKellar became the permanent Presiding Officer of the United States Senate . Also , as the President pro tempore of the Senate had , prior to 1886 , been second in the presidential line of succession , behind only the vice president , Truman viewed McKellar as the logical wartime replacement for himself , and asked McKellar to attend all Cabinet meetings . In 1947 Truman successfully lobbied Congress to pass a new Presidential Succession Act , restoring both the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate to the succession ahead of Cabinet secretaries . By the time the law came into effect , McKellar was no longer in the position of President pro tempore , as the Republicans had gained the majority in the 80th Congress . Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 to restrict labor unions , which McKellar had favored . Truman selected Alben Barkley of Kentucky as his running mate in the 1948 presidential election . When Democrats regained control of the Senate following the 1948 elections , McKellar again became President pro tempore . He was second in line for the presidency ( behind the Speaker of the House ) from January 3 , 1949 until January 20 , 1949 , when Alben Barkley took office as Vice President of the United States . McKellar also served as chairman of the Civil Service Committee , Post Office and Road Committee , and , most notably , the powerful Appropriations Committee from 1945–1947 , and again from 1949–1953 . Longevity . McKellar is the only Tennessee senator to have completed more than three full terms . Except for McKellar , Tennessee has generally not joined in the Southern tradition of reelecting senators for protracted periods of service . Before the era of popular election of U.S . Senators , Senator William B . Bate was elected to a fourth term by the Tennessee General Assembly , but he died five days into this term , while Senator Isham G . Harris also died early in his fourth term . Senator Joseph Anderson was elected by the General Assembly to three full terms plus the balance of the term of William Blount , who had been expelled from the Senate . 1952 election . In 1952 McKellar stood for a seventh term ( the first Senator to do so ) , despite being 83 . He was opposed for renomination by Middle Tennessee Congressman Albert Gore . McKellars reelection slogan was Thinking Feller ? Vote McKellar , which Gore countered with Think Some More – Vote for Gore . Gore defeated McKellar for the Democratic nomination in August in what was widely regarded as something of an upset . At this point in Tennessee history , the Democratic nomination for statewide office was still tantamount to election . Most African Americans had been disenfranchised by discriminatory laws and practices , resulting in the Republican Party being active chiefly in East Tennessee . This had been the case since the Civil War . Gore served three full terms in the Senate . McKellars defeat was part of a statewide trend of change in 1952 . That year incumbent governor of Tennessee Gordon Browning was defeated by Frank G . Clement . Browning , who had served a total of three terms as governor , the last two successive , had also at one point been a close ally of Crumps but had since broken ranks with him . As Clement and Gore were both considerably younger and regarded as more progressive than their predecessors , some historians cite the 1952 elections as an indication that Tennessee entered into the New South era of Southern politics earlier than most of the other Southern states . Legacy . McKellar wrote a book about his Tennessee predecessors in the Senate called Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of Their Successors ( 1942 ) . In recent years it has been updated by one of his successors , former Senate Majority Leader Dr . Bill Frist . Lake McKellar , bordering the Memphis Presidents Island industrial area along the Mississippi River and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport ( originally McKellar Field ) in Jackson , Tennessee ( MKL ) are both named in his honor . McKellar died on October 25 , 1957 . He is interred at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis , Tennessee . Representation in other media . Some have speculated that Senator McKellar was the inspiration for the character South Carolina Senator Seabright Cooley in Allen Drurys novel Advise and Consent . McKellar was portrayed by actor/country singer Ed Bruce in the film Public Enemies ( 2009 ) and Michael ONeill in the film J . Edgar ( 2011 ) . |
[
"President pro tempore of the United States Senate"
] | easy | What was the position of Kenneth McKellar (politician) from 1945 to 1947? | /wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)#P39#2 | Kenneth McKellar ( politician ) Kenneth Douglas McKellar ( January 29 , 1869October 25 , 1957 ) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953 . A Democrat , he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history . Only a few other congressmen in American history have served longer in both houses . Early life and career . McKellar was a native of Dallas County , Alabama . He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1891 and its law school in 1892 . He moved to Memphis , Tennessee and is related to Henry Nickey , an MUS Basketball star , and was admitted to the state bar the same year . McKellar joined the Democratic Party , which dominated the politics of West Tennessee , where plantations were historically and economically important . He was first elected to the House in a special election in November 1911 to succeed George W . Gordon in Tennessees 10th congressional district , which included Memphis . He won the seat in his own right in 1912 and was reelected in 1914 , serving until his election to the United States Senate . United States Senate . McKellar ran for the Senate in 1916 , defeating incumbent Senator Luke Lea in the Democratic primary and winning the general election against former Republican Governor Ben W . Hooper . He was reelected to the Senate in 1922 ( defeating former Senator Newell Sanders ) , 1928 ( defeating former U.S . Assistant Attorney General James Alexander Fowler ) , 1934 ( again defeating Ben Hooper ) , 1940 ( against Howard Baker , Sr. , father of future Senator Howard Baker ) , and 1946 when he defeated William B . Ladd . McKellar was considered a moderate progressive in his early days in the Senate , and he supported many of President Woodrow Wilsons reform initiatives as well as ratification of the Treaty of Versailles . During President Franklin D . Roosevelts administration , McKellar staunchly supported the New Deal , especially the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) , to provide flood control and generate hydropower for rural electrification in the Tennessee Valley . McKellar was close ally of Memphis Democratic political boss E . H . Crump . Kenneth McKellar was a crusader for free trade ; he supported the repeal of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff after 1930 . Despite his early support for the policies of Franklin D . Roosevelt ( FDR ) , McKellar became more conservative in his political stances . He opposed several of the administrations appointments . He had a prolonged feud with FDRs appointee to head the TVA , David E . Lilienthal . As ranking member of the Appropriations Committee McKellar , who was an avid supporter of property rights , successfully forced the TVA to properly reimburse landowners whose property was taken over by the TVA for such purposes as dam building and creation of lakes or reservoirs . Prior to McKellars threats to withhold Federal appropriations for the purchase of uranium early in World War II , the TVA was commonly offering to give landholders pennies on the dollar for their properties . As head of the Appropriations Committee , McKellar knew about the appropriations needed for the Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb . He was often called upon to keep the secret of the Manhattan Project by mingling funds for the bomb project with other projects , or through carefully planned ( secret ) War Projects Funding . As the Tennessee Valley Authority was centered in Tennessee , his home state , McKellar reacted to what he thought was harsh TVA treatment of his constituents as a personal affront by Lilienthal . McKellars threat to withhold funding for purchases of uranium had a much deeper meaning , though . Lilienthal was also closely associated with the Manhattan Projects work to electromagnetically enrich uranium , coincidentally at the facility later known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Ernest Lawrences electromagnetic enrichment of uranium at Oak Ridge would eventually use the electricity created by the TVA to enrich the uranium used in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima . By threatening to withhold funding for the purchase of uranium , McKellar was demonstrating to Lilienthal that the politician , as ranking member and Acting Chairman of the Appropriations Committee , held the power . He forced Lilienthal to have the TVA pay fair market value for land it appropriated . McKellar twice served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate . Beginning in 1945 , he was the first to hold the position under the seniority system that has prevailed since of reserving it for the majority party . When Harry Truman became president in April 1945 , upon FDRs death , the vice presidency became vacant . ( The mechanism for filling intra-term vacancies had not yet been created by the 25th Amendment. ) McKellar became the permanent Presiding Officer of the United States Senate . Also , as the President pro tempore of the Senate had , prior to 1886 , been second in the presidential line of succession , behind only the vice president , Truman viewed McKellar as the logical wartime replacement for himself , and asked McKellar to attend all Cabinet meetings . In 1947 Truman successfully lobbied Congress to pass a new Presidential Succession Act , restoring both the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate to the succession ahead of Cabinet secretaries . By the time the law came into effect , McKellar was no longer in the position of President pro tempore , as the Republicans had gained the majority in the 80th Congress . Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 to restrict labor unions , which McKellar had favored . Truman selected Alben Barkley of Kentucky as his running mate in the 1948 presidential election . When Democrats regained control of the Senate following the 1948 elections , McKellar again became President pro tempore . He was second in line for the presidency ( behind the Speaker of the House ) from January 3 , 1949 until January 20 , 1949 , when Alben Barkley took office as Vice President of the United States . McKellar also served as chairman of the Civil Service Committee , Post Office and Road Committee , and , most notably , the powerful Appropriations Committee from 1945–1947 , and again from 1949–1953 . Longevity . McKellar is the only Tennessee senator to have completed more than three full terms . Except for McKellar , Tennessee has generally not joined in the Southern tradition of reelecting senators for protracted periods of service . Before the era of popular election of U.S . Senators , Senator William B . Bate was elected to a fourth term by the Tennessee General Assembly , but he died five days into this term , while Senator Isham G . Harris also died early in his fourth term . Senator Joseph Anderson was elected by the General Assembly to three full terms plus the balance of the term of William Blount , who had been expelled from the Senate . 1952 election . In 1952 McKellar stood for a seventh term ( the first Senator to do so ) , despite being 83 . He was opposed for renomination by Middle Tennessee Congressman Albert Gore . McKellars reelection slogan was Thinking Feller ? Vote McKellar , which Gore countered with Think Some More – Vote for Gore . Gore defeated McKellar for the Democratic nomination in August in what was widely regarded as something of an upset . At this point in Tennessee history , the Democratic nomination for statewide office was still tantamount to election . Most African Americans had been disenfranchised by discriminatory laws and practices , resulting in the Republican Party being active chiefly in East Tennessee . This had been the case since the Civil War . Gore served three full terms in the Senate . McKellars defeat was part of a statewide trend of change in 1952 . That year incumbent governor of Tennessee Gordon Browning was defeated by Frank G . Clement . Browning , who had served a total of three terms as governor , the last two successive , had also at one point been a close ally of Crumps but had since broken ranks with him . As Clement and Gore were both considerably younger and regarded as more progressive than their predecessors , some historians cite the 1952 elections as an indication that Tennessee entered into the New South era of Southern politics earlier than most of the other Southern states . Legacy . McKellar wrote a book about his Tennessee predecessors in the Senate called Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of Their Successors ( 1942 ) . In recent years it has been updated by one of his successors , former Senate Majority Leader Dr . Bill Frist . Lake McKellar , bordering the Memphis Presidents Island industrial area along the Mississippi River and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport ( originally McKellar Field ) in Jackson , Tennessee ( MKL ) are both named in his honor . McKellar died on October 25 , 1957 . He is interred at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis , Tennessee . Representation in other media . Some have speculated that Senator McKellar was the inspiration for the character South Carolina Senator Seabright Cooley in Allen Drurys novel Advise and Consent . McKellar was portrayed by actor/country singer Ed Bruce in the film Public Enemies ( 2009 ) and Michael ONeill in the film J . Edgar ( 2011 ) . |
[
"President pro tempore of the United States Senate"
] | easy | What was the position of Kenneth McKellar (politician) from 1949 to 1953? | /wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)#P39#3 | Kenneth McKellar ( politician ) Kenneth Douglas McKellar ( January 29 , 1869October 25 , 1957 ) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953 . A Democrat , he served longer in both houses of Congress than anyone else in Tennessee history . Only a few other congressmen in American history have served longer in both houses . Early life and career . McKellar was a native of Dallas County , Alabama . He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1891 and its law school in 1892 . He moved to Memphis , Tennessee and is related to Henry Nickey , an MUS Basketball star , and was admitted to the state bar the same year . McKellar joined the Democratic Party , which dominated the politics of West Tennessee , where plantations were historically and economically important . He was first elected to the House in a special election in November 1911 to succeed George W . Gordon in Tennessees 10th congressional district , which included Memphis . He won the seat in his own right in 1912 and was reelected in 1914 , serving until his election to the United States Senate . United States Senate . McKellar ran for the Senate in 1916 , defeating incumbent Senator Luke Lea in the Democratic primary and winning the general election against former Republican Governor Ben W . Hooper . He was reelected to the Senate in 1922 ( defeating former Senator Newell Sanders ) , 1928 ( defeating former U.S . Assistant Attorney General James Alexander Fowler ) , 1934 ( again defeating Ben Hooper ) , 1940 ( against Howard Baker , Sr. , father of future Senator Howard Baker ) , and 1946 when he defeated William B . Ladd . McKellar was considered a moderate progressive in his early days in the Senate , and he supported many of President Woodrow Wilsons reform initiatives as well as ratification of the Treaty of Versailles . During President Franklin D . Roosevelts administration , McKellar staunchly supported the New Deal , especially the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority ( TVA ) , to provide flood control and generate hydropower for rural electrification in the Tennessee Valley . McKellar was close ally of Memphis Democratic political boss E . H . Crump . Kenneth McKellar was a crusader for free trade ; he supported the repeal of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff after 1930 . Despite his early support for the policies of Franklin D . Roosevelt ( FDR ) , McKellar became more conservative in his political stances . He opposed several of the administrations appointments . He had a prolonged feud with FDRs appointee to head the TVA , David E . Lilienthal . As ranking member of the Appropriations Committee McKellar , who was an avid supporter of property rights , successfully forced the TVA to properly reimburse landowners whose property was taken over by the TVA for such purposes as dam building and creation of lakes or reservoirs . Prior to McKellars threats to withhold Federal appropriations for the purchase of uranium early in World War II , the TVA was commonly offering to give landholders pennies on the dollar for their properties . As head of the Appropriations Committee , McKellar knew about the appropriations needed for the Manhattan Project to build an atomic bomb . He was often called upon to keep the secret of the Manhattan Project by mingling funds for the bomb project with other projects , or through carefully planned ( secret ) War Projects Funding . As the Tennessee Valley Authority was centered in Tennessee , his home state , McKellar reacted to what he thought was harsh TVA treatment of his constituents as a personal affront by Lilienthal . McKellars threat to withhold funding for purchases of uranium had a much deeper meaning , though . Lilienthal was also closely associated with the Manhattan Projects work to electromagnetically enrich uranium , coincidentally at the facility later known as Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Ernest Lawrences electromagnetic enrichment of uranium at Oak Ridge would eventually use the electricity created by the TVA to enrich the uranium used in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima . By threatening to withhold funding for the purchase of uranium , McKellar was demonstrating to Lilienthal that the politician , as ranking member and Acting Chairman of the Appropriations Committee , held the power . He forced Lilienthal to have the TVA pay fair market value for land it appropriated . McKellar twice served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate . Beginning in 1945 , he was the first to hold the position under the seniority system that has prevailed since of reserving it for the majority party . When Harry Truman became president in April 1945 , upon FDRs death , the vice presidency became vacant . ( The mechanism for filling intra-term vacancies had not yet been created by the 25th Amendment. ) McKellar became the permanent Presiding Officer of the United States Senate . Also , as the President pro tempore of the Senate had , prior to 1886 , been second in the presidential line of succession , behind only the vice president , Truman viewed McKellar as the logical wartime replacement for himself , and asked McKellar to attend all Cabinet meetings . In 1947 Truman successfully lobbied Congress to pass a new Presidential Succession Act , restoring both the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate to the succession ahead of Cabinet secretaries . By the time the law came into effect , McKellar was no longer in the position of President pro tempore , as the Republicans had gained the majority in the 80th Congress . Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 to restrict labor unions , which McKellar had favored . Truman selected Alben Barkley of Kentucky as his running mate in the 1948 presidential election . When Democrats regained control of the Senate following the 1948 elections , McKellar again became President pro tempore . He was second in line for the presidency ( behind the Speaker of the House ) from January 3 , 1949 until January 20 , 1949 , when Alben Barkley took office as Vice President of the United States . McKellar also served as chairman of the Civil Service Committee , Post Office and Road Committee , and , most notably , the powerful Appropriations Committee from 1945–1947 , and again from 1949–1953 . Longevity . McKellar is the only Tennessee senator to have completed more than three full terms . Except for McKellar , Tennessee has generally not joined in the Southern tradition of reelecting senators for protracted periods of service . Before the era of popular election of U.S . Senators , Senator William B . Bate was elected to a fourth term by the Tennessee General Assembly , but he died five days into this term , while Senator Isham G . Harris also died early in his fourth term . Senator Joseph Anderson was elected by the General Assembly to three full terms plus the balance of the term of William Blount , who had been expelled from the Senate . 1952 election . In 1952 McKellar stood for a seventh term ( the first Senator to do so ) , despite being 83 . He was opposed for renomination by Middle Tennessee Congressman Albert Gore . McKellars reelection slogan was Thinking Feller ? Vote McKellar , which Gore countered with Think Some More – Vote for Gore . Gore defeated McKellar for the Democratic nomination in August in what was widely regarded as something of an upset . At this point in Tennessee history , the Democratic nomination for statewide office was still tantamount to election . Most African Americans had been disenfranchised by discriminatory laws and practices , resulting in the Republican Party being active chiefly in East Tennessee . This had been the case since the Civil War . Gore served three full terms in the Senate . McKellars defeat was part of a statewide trend of change in 1952 . That year incumbent governor of Tennessee Gordon Browning was defeated by Frank G . Clement . Browning , who had served a total of three terms as governor , the last two successive , had also at one point been a close ally of Crumps but had since broken ranks with him . As Clement and Gore were both considerably younger and regarded as more progressive than their predecessors , some historians cite the 1952 elections as an indication that Tennessee entered into the New South era of Southern politics earlier than most of the other Southern states . Legacy . McKellar wrote a book about his Tennessee predecessors in the Senate called Tennessee Senators as Seen by One of Their Successors ( 1942 ) . In recent years it has been updated by one of his successors , former Senate Majority Leader Dr . Bill Frist . Lake McKellar , bordering the Memphis Presidents Island industrial area along the Mississippi River and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport ( originally McKellar Field ) in Jackson , Tennessee ( MKL ) are both named in his honor . McKellar died on October 25 , 1957 . He is interred at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis , Tennessee . Representation in other media . Some have speculated that Senator McKellar was the inspiration for the character South Carolina Senator Seabright Cooley in Allen Drurys novel Advise and Consent . McKellar was portrayed by actor/country singer Ed Bruce in the film Public Enemies ( 2009 ) and Michael ONeill in the film J . Edgar ( 2011 ) . |
[
"Imperial College"
] | easy | Where was Layla Moran educated from 2000 to 2003? | /wiki/Layla_Moran#P69#0 | Layla Moran Layla Michelle Moran ( ; born 12 September 1982 ) is a British Liberal Democrat politician serving as the Liberal Democrat Spokesman for Foreign Affairs and International Development since 2020 , and serving as the Member of Parliament for Oxford West and Abingdon since 2017 . She identifies as pansexual and is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual ( which she did in 2020 ) . She is the first MP of Palestinian descent . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School near Brighton . She studied Physics at Imperial College London and completed her PGCE at Brunel University London . She worked as a maths and physics teacher . Moran unsuccessfully campaigned as the Liberal Democrat candidate in Battersea at the 2010 general election and in the West Central constituency at the 2012 London Assembly election . She contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and was elected to the House of Commons , defeating Conservative MP Nicola Blackwood , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . She served as the Liberal Democrat spokesperson for the Department for Education under three leaders from 2017 to 2020 , and was spokesperson for the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport from 2019 to 2020 . After Jo Swinson lost her seat at the 2019 general election , Moran stood to become Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the 2020 leadership election , which she lost to Acting Leader Sir Ed Davey . On 31 August 2020 , Davey appointed Moran as the Liberal Democrats Shadow Foreign Secretary and as International Development Spokesperson the following day . Early life and career . Layla Michelle Moran was born in Hammersmith on 12 September 1982 , the elder daughter of diplomat James Moran and Randa Moran , a Christian Palestinian from Jerusalem . Her great-grandfather was the Palestinian writer Wasif Jawhariyyeh , who published extensive memoirs . Moran describes herself as a British Palestinian . On her upbringing , Moran said My Palestinian background has made me interested at a global level . Politics was always at the dinner table ; it primed me to engage . Moran was raised as a cultural Christian and now identifies as a humanist . Because her father was a diplomat for the European Union and its predecessors , Moran grew up in various countries , including Belgium , Greece , Ethiopia , Jamaica and Jordan . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School in Brighton . From 2000 to 2003 , she studied physics at Imperial College London , and from 2005 to 2007 completed a PGCE at Brunel University London . From 2007 to 2008 , she studied for a masters degree in comparative education at UCLs Institute of Education . From 2003 to 2012 , Moran was a maths and physics teacher at the International School of Brussels , and at two schools in London : Queensmead School and Southbank International School . Between 2009 and 2013 she worked as a part-time course tutor for Oxford Study Courses , a company that helps International Baccalaureate teachers and students , and from 2013 she was full-time academic manager . Political career . Moran was selected as the Liberal Democrat candidate for Battersea at the 2010 general election and came in third place . She also stood as a candidate for the West Central constituency in the 2012 London Assembly election , coming fourth . Moran contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and won the seat from Nicola Blackwood , a Conservative who was then a junior minister for health , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . Moran became the first UK Member of Parliament of Palestinian descent and the first female Liberal Democrat MP from an ethnic minority background . In June 2017 , Moran was named Liberal Democrat spokesperson for education , science and young people in the House of Commons . That month she used her maiden speech to call for fairer funding for schools , and in July 2017 she spoke out against the closure of all the Sure Start childrens centres in Oxfordshire earlier in the year . Also in July 2017 , Moran was jeered at for accusing the Conservatives of underfunding a new scheme to provide 30 hours of free child care for the children of working parents . Later in 2017 , she was appointed a member of the Public Accounts Committee , which is responsible for overseeing government expenditure . In May 2019 , Moran announced that , being a relatively new MP , she would not be running in the 2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election . She had been considered a frontrunner to replace Vince Cable as leader , following his announcement in September 2018 that he intended to step down from the post . At the 2019 general election she stood for re-election , increasing her majority to 8,943 . In March 2020 , Moran announced that she would be running in the 2020 leadership election . Moran finished in second place with 35.6% of the vote , losing to Ed Davey , the Acting-Co Leader . Moran has also been a leading voice in the call for a full review of the GCSE history curriculum . She argues that to tackle institutional racism in society students must be taught of Britains colonial past and the injustices that took place within it . In 2020 over 250,000 people signed a petition calling for Britains colonial history to be made a compulsory part of the curriculum which prompted Moran and 30 other cross-party MPs to apply greater pressure on the government to make significant changes to the history curriculum . In 2021 , Moran was one of three MPs who successfully took legal action against the Department of Health and Social Care over contracts awarded during the COVID-19 pandemic . She said the names of the children killed in the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis in Parliament . Political positions . Foreign policy . Moran believes that the United Kingdom should announce recognition of the State of Palestine . Personal life . In an interview with The Times , Moran stated that she suffered from depression when she was a student and attributed it to a negative self-image resulting from the social stigma of obesity . She underwent stomach-stapling surgery to assist her in losing weight . In 2013 , Moran and her then boyfriend Richard Davis were briefly questioned by police , after she slapped him during an argument in their hotel room at the Liberal Democrat Federal Conference . No charge was brought , but the relationship subsequently ended . On 2 January 2020 , Moran revealed in an interview with PinkNews that she is pansexual ; she is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual . Moran also disclosed that she was in a stable relationship with Rosy Cobb , formerly a Liberal Democrat press officer . Cobb was suspended by the party during the previous general election over an accusation that she had forged an email . |
[
"Brunel University"
] | easy | Layla Moran went to which school from 2005 to 2007? | /wiki/Layla_Moran#P69#1 | Layla Moran Layla Michelle Moran ( ; born 12 September 1982 ) is a British Liberal Democrat politician serving as the Liberal Democrat Spokesman for Foreign Affairs and International Development since 2020 , and serving as the Member of Parliament for Oxford West and Abingdon since 2017 . She identifies as pansexual and is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual ( which she did in 2020 ) . She is the first MP of Palestinian descent . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School near Brighton . She studied Physics at Imperial College London and completed her PGCE at Brunel University London . She worked as a maths and physics teacher . Moran unsuccessfully campaigned as the Liberal Democrat candidate in Battersea at the 2010 general election and in the West Central constituency at the 2012 London Assembly election . She contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and was elected to the House of Commons , defeating Conservative MP Nicola Blackwood , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . She served as the Liberal Democrat spokesperson for the Department for Education under three leaders from 2017 to 2020 , and was spokesperson for the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport from 2019 to 2020 . After Jo Swinson lost her seat at the 2019 general election , Moran stood to become Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the 2020 leadership election , which she lost to Acting Leader Sir Ed Davey . On 31 August 2020 , Davey appointed Moran as the Liberal Democrats Shadow Foreign Secretary and as International Development Spokesperson the following day . Early life and career . Layla Michelle Moran was born in Hammersmith on 12 September 1982 , the elder daughter of diplomat James Moran and Randa Moran , a Christian Palestinian from Jerusalem . Her great-grandfather was the Palestinian writer Wasif Jawhariyyeh , who published extensive memoirs . Moran describes herself as a British Palestinian . On her upbringing , Moran said My Palestinian background has made me interested at a global level . Politics was always at the dinner table ; it primed me to engage . Moran was raised as a cultural Christian and now identifies as a humanist . Because her father was a diplomat for the European Union and its predecessors , Moran grew up in various countries , including Belgium , Greece , Ethiopia , Jamaica and Jordan . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School in Brighton . From 2000 to 2003 , she studied physics at Imperial College London , and from 2005 to 2007 completed a PGCE at Brunel University London . From 2007 to 2008 , she studied for a masters degree in comparative education at UCLs Institute of Education . From 2003 to 2012 , Moran was a maths and physics teacher at the International School of Brussels , and at two schools in London : Queensmead School and Southbank International School . Between 2009 and 2013 she worked as a part-time course tutor for Oxford Study Courses , a company that helps International Baccalaureate teachers and students , and from 2013 she was full-time academic manager . Political career . Moran was selected as the Liberal Democrat candidate for Battersea at the 2010 general election and came in third place . She also stood as a candidate for the West Central constituency in the 2012 London Assembly election , coming fourth . Moran contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and won the seat from Nicola Blackwood , a Conservative who was then a junior minister for health , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . Moran became the first UK Member of Parliament of Palestinian descent and the first female Liberal Democrat MP from an ethnic minority background . In June 2017 , Moran was named Liberal Democrat spokesperson for education , science and young people in the House of Commons . That month she used her maiden speech to call for fairer funding for schools , and in July 2017 she spoke out against the closure of all the Sure Start childrens centres in Oxfordshire earlier in the year . Also in July 2017 , Moran was jeered at for accusing the Conservatives of underfunding a new scheme to provide 30 hours of free child care for the children of working parents . Later in 2017 , she was appointed a member of the Public Accounts Committee , which is responsible for overseeing government expenditure . In May 2019 , Moran announced that , being a relatively new MP , she would not be running in the 2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election . She had been considered a frontrunner to replace Vince Cable as leader , following his announcement in September 2018 that he intended to step down from the post . At the 2019 general election she stood for re-election , increasing her majority to 8,943 . In March 2020 , Moran announced that she would be running in the 2020 leadership election . Moran finished in second place with 35.6% of the vote , losing to Ed Davey , the Acting-Co Leader . Moran has also been a leading voice in the call for a full review of the GCSE history curriculum . She argues that to tackle institutional racism in society students must be taught of Britains colonial past and the injustices that took place within it . In 2020 over 250,000 people signed a petition calling for Britains colonial history to be made a compulsory part of the curriculum which prompted Moran and 30 other cross-party MPs to apply greater pressure on the government to make significant changes to the history curriculum . In 2021 , Moran was one of three MPs who successfully took legal action against the Department of Health and Social Care over contracts awarded during the COVID-19 pandemic . She said the names of the children killed in the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis in Parliament . Political positions . Foreign policy . Moran believes that the United Kingdom should announce recognition of the State of Palestine . Personal life . In an interview with The Times , Moran stated that she suffered from depression when she was a student and attributed it to a negative self-image resulting from the social stigma of obesity . She underwent stomach-stapling surgery to assist her in losing weight . In 2013 , Moran and her then boyfriend Richard Davis were briefly questioned by police , after she slapped him during an argument in their hotel room at the Liberal Democrat Federal Conference . No charge was brought , but the relationship subsequently ended . On 2 January 2020 , Moran revealed in an interview with PinkNews that she is pansexual ; she is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual . Moran also disclosed that she was in a stable relationship with Rosy Cobb , formerly a Liberal Democrat press officer . Cobb was suspended by the party during the previous general election over an accusation that she had forged an email . |
[
"UCLs Institute of Education"
] | easy | Which school did Layla Moran go to from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Layla_Moran#P69#2 | Layla Moran Layla Michelle Moran ( ; born 12 September 1982 ) is a British Liberal Democrat politician serving as the Liberal Democrat Spokesman for Foreign Affairs and International Development since 2020 , and serving as the Member of Parliament for Oxford West and Abingdon since 2017 . She identifies as pansexual and is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual ( which she did in 2020 ) . She is the first MP of Palestinian descent . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School near Brighton . She studied Physics at Imperial College London and completed her PGCE at Brunel University London . She worked as a maths and physics teacher . Moran unsuccessfully campaigned as the Liberal Democrat candidate in Battersea at the 2010 general election and in the West Central constituency at the 2012 London Assembly election . She contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and was elected to the House of Commons , defeating Conservative MP Nicola Blackwood , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . She served as the Liberal Democrat spokesperson for the Department for Education under three leaders from 2017 to 2020 , and was spokesperson for the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport from 2019 to 2020 . After Jo Swinson lost her seat at the 2019 general election , Moran stood to become Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the 2020 leadership election , which she lost to Acting Leader Sir Ed Davey . On 31 August 2020 , Davey appointed Moran as the Liberal Democrats Shadow Foreign Secretary and as International Development Spokesperson the following day . Early life and career . Layla Michelle Moran was born in Hammersmith on 12 September 1982 , the elder daughter of diplomat James Moran and Randa Moran , a Christian Palestinian from Jerusalem . Her great-grandfather was the Palestinian writer Wasif Jawhariyyeh , who published extensive memoirs . Moran describes herself as a British Palestinian . On her upbringing , Moran said My Palestinian background has made me interested at a global level . Politics was always at the dinner table ; it primed me to engage . Moran was raised as a cultural Christian and now identifies as a humanist . Because her father was a diplomat for the European Union and its predecessors , Moran grew up in various countries , including Belgium , Greece , Ethiopia , Jamaica and Jordan . She attended private schools in Brussels , Kingston in Jamaica and Roedean School in Brighton . From 2000 to 2003 , she studied physics at Imperial College London , and from 2005 to 2007 completed a PGCE at Brunel University London . From 2007 to 2008 , she studied for a masters degree in comparative education at UCLs Institute of Education . From 2003 to 2012 , Moran was a maths and physics teacher at the International School of Brussels , and at two schools in London : Queensmead School and Southbank International School . Between 2009 and 2013 she worked as a part-time course tutor for Oxford Study Courses , a company that helps International Baccalaureate teachers and students , and from 2013 she was full-time academic manager . Political career . Moran was selected as the Liberal Democrat candidate for Battersea at the 2010 general election and came in third place . She also stood as a candidate for the West Central constituency in the 2012 London Assembly election , coming fourth . Moran contested Oxford West and Abingdon at the 2015 general election , coming second . She was selected for the seat again at the 2017 general election and won the seat from Nicola Blackwood , a Conservative who was then a junior minister for health , with 26,256 votes ( 43.7% ) and a majority of 816 . Moran became the first UK Member of Parliament of Palestinian descent and the first female Liberal Democrat MP from an ethnic minority background . In June 2017 , Moran was named Liberal Democrat spokesperson for education , science and young people in the House of Commons . That month she used her maiden speech to call for fairer funding for schools , and in July 2017 she spoke out against the closure of all the Sure Start childrens centres in Oxfordshire earlier in the year . Also in July 2017 , Moran was jeered at for accusing the Conservatives of underfunding a new scheme to provide 30 hours of free child care for the children of working parents . Later in 2017 , she was appointed a member of the Public Accounts Committee , which is responsible for overseeing government expenditure . In May 2019 , Moran announced that , being a relatively new MP , she would not be running in the 2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election . She had been considered a frontrunner to replace Vince Cable as leader , following his announcement in September 2018 that he intended to step down from the post . At the 2019 general election she stood for re-election , increasing her majority to 8,943 . In March 2020 , Moran announced that she would be running in the 2020 leadership election . Moran finished in second place with 35.6% of the vote , losing to Ed Davey , the Acting-Co Leader . Moran has also been a leading voice in the call for a full review of the GCSE history curriculum . She argues that to tackle institutional racism in society students must be taught of Britains colonial past and the injustices that took place within it . In 2020 over 250,000 people signed a petition calling for Britains colonial history to be made a compulsory part of the curriculum which prompted Moran and 30 other cross-party MPs to apply greater pressure on the government to make significant changes to the history curriculum . In 2021 , Moran was one of three MPs who successfully took legal action against the Department of Health and Social Care over contracts awarded during the COVID-19 pandemic . She said the names of the children killed in the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis in Parliament . Political positions . Foreign policy . Moran believes that the United Kingdom should announce recognition of the State of Palestine . Personal life . In an interview with The Times , Moran stated that she suffered from depression when she was a student and attributed it to a negative self-image resulting from the social stigma of obesity . She underwent stomach-stapling surgery to assist her in losing weight . In 2013 , Moran and her then boyfriend Richard Davis were briefly questioned by police , after she slapped him during an argument in their hotel room at the Liberal Democrat Federal Conference . No charge was brought , but the relationship subsequently ended . On 2 January 2020 , Moran revealed in an interview with PinkNews that she is pansexual ; she is believed to be the first UK parliamentarian to come out as pansexual . Moran also disclosed that she was in a stable relationship with Rosy Cobb , formerly a Liberal Democrat press officer . Cobb was suspended by the party during the previous general election over an accusation that she had forged an email . |
[
""
] | easy | Claus Thomsen played for which team from 1986 to 1988? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#0 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"AGF Aarhus"
] | easy | Which team did the player Claus Thomsen belong to from 1989 to 1992? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#1 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"Denmark"
] | easy | Claus Thomsen played for which team in 1992? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#2 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"Ipswich"
] | easy | Claus Thomsen played for which team from 1994 to 1995? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#3 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"Ipswich"
] | easy | Which team did Claus Thomsen play for from 1995 to 1997? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#4 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"Everton"
] | easy | Claus Thomsen played for which team from 1997 to 1998? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#5 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"German club VfL Wolfsburg"
] | easy | Which team did Claus Thomsen play for from 1998 to 1999? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#6 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"Thomsen"
] | easy | Which team did Claus Thomsen play for in 1999? | /wiki/Claus_Thomsen#P54#7 | Claus Thomsen Claus Thomsen ( born 31 May 1970 in Aarhus ) is a Danish former professional footballer . He won the Danish Cup with AGF Aarhus and played in England for top level teams Ipswich Town and Everton , as well as Wolfsburg in Germany . He played 20 matches for the Danish national team , and represented Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics and 1996 European Championship . Life and career . Born in Aarhus , Thomsen started his career at local top-flight club AGF Aarhus , where he initially played as a midfielder . Thomsen made his debut for the Danish under-21 national team in May 1989 , where under-21 national team coach Richard Møller Nielsen used the 6 3 Thomsen as a central defender . Thomsen was named under-21 national team captain in 1990 . In December 1990 , Thomsen signed a new contract with AGF , rejecting interest from Brøndby IF and B1903 . In November 1991 , Thomsen was scouted by Celtic FC manager Liam Brady , but the deal fell through due to too many intermediaries according to Claus Thomsen himself . He was injured in an under-21 national game against Poland in March 1992 , but recovered in time to help AGF win the 1992 Danish Cup . He also captained Denmark at the 1992 Summer Olympics , where he played all three of Denmarks matches , and scored a goal against Mexico . In the fall of 1992 , he lost his place in the central defence in AGFs starting line-up , and he was used in a number of different positions . He went on trial at Werder Bremen in December 1992 , but was not signed by Werder manager Otto Rehhagel . Ipswich Town . In June 1994 , he moved abroad to play for English club Ipswich Town , in a transfer deal worth £250,000 . He was called up for his Danish national team début , by national coach Richard Møller Nielsen , in April 1995 . Thomsen was also called up to the Danish national squad for the 1996 European Championship , and played in all of Denmarks three matches before elimination . He made a total 97 appearances and scored 8 goals for Ipswich , and was one of the stronger players in the weakest side in Ipswich Towns history . In his first season , he was relegated with Ipswich in 1994/95 , and was a key player in the team that missed out on the First Division play-offs in 1995–96 ; however , as Ipswich were looking to improve their side , he was sold to Everton , for £900,000 , in January 1997 . Everton . At Everton , Thomsen notably scored an own goal in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park on 16 April 1997 , meaning that Everton were held to a 1–1 draw by Liverpool , although they still achieved Premier League survival in 15th place . He scored once at the right end for Everton , his sides only goal in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County . Akademisk Boldklub . After little more than a year at Everton , marred by poor performances , he moved back to Denmark for £500,000 in March 1998 , to play for Akademisk Boldklub ( AB ) . He stayed at AB for six months , before moving abroad once again . VfL Wolfsburg . Thomsen joined German club VfL Wolfsburg in September 1998 . In April 1999 , he ended his Danish national team career , citing a lacking energy surplus . Struggling with injuries , he remained at Wolfsburg for four years , but saw little playing time during this period , retiring in April 2002 . Honours . AGF Aarhus - Danish Cup : 1991–92 External links . - Danish national team stats at DBU.dk - Danish Superliga stats at Superligaen.com |
[
"London"
] | easy | What was the residence of Milly Witkop from 1894 to 1916? | /wiki/Milly_Witkop#P551#0 | Milly Witkop Milly Witkop ( -Rocker ) ( March 3 , 1877November 23 , 1955 ) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish anarcho-syndicalist , feminist writer and activist . She was the common-law wife of the prominent anarcho-syndicalist leader Rudolf Rocker . The couples son , Fermin Rocker , was an artist . Early life and period in London . Witkop was born Vitkopski in the Ukrainian shtetl of Zlatopol to a Jewish Ukrainian-Russian family as the oldest of four sisters . The youngest of the four , Rose , also became a well-known anarchist . In 1894 , Witkop left the Ukraine for London . In the decades following the 1881 assassination of Czar Alexander II , many Jews left Russia as a result of anti-Jewish pogroms throughout the Empire . Most went to the United Kingdom or the United States . In London , she worked in a tailoring sweatshop and saved enough money to finance her parents and sisters passage to England . The hard conditions she worked under led her to question her faith . Her involvement in a bakers strike led her to become involved with the group around the Jewish anarchist newspaper Arbayter Fraynd . She became influenced by the works of the anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin . In 1895 , she first met Rudolf Rocker in the course of her political work . In May 1898 , Rocker invited her to accompany him to New York City , where he hoped to find employment . The two were , however , not admitted to the country , because they refused to get married legally and were returned to the United Kingdom with the same ship on which they had reached the United States . The matter received some newspaper coverage in the United States at the time , attacking the couples love without marriage . From October 1898 , Rocker and Witkop co-edited the Arbeyter Fraynd . In March 1900 , the two also started publishing the newspaper Germinal , which was more focused on cultural topics . In 1907 , the couples son , Fermin , was born . Rocker and Witkop were opposed to World War I after it broke out in 1914 , unlike many other anarchists such as Kropotkin , who supported the Allied cause . To ease the poverty and deprivation caused by the joblessness that accompanied the war , Witkop and her husband opened a soup kitchen . In December 1914 , however , Rocker like many Germans and Austrians in the UK , was interned as an enemy alien . Witkop continued her anti-war activities until she was also arrested in 1916 . She remained imprisoned until the autumn of 1918 . She then left the United Kingdom to join her husband and son in the Netherlands . Germany . At first , the couple welcomed the February and October Revolutions in Russia , but after the Bolshevik coup they started criticizing the statism and totalitarianism of what would become the Soviet Union . In November 1918 , they moved to Berlin ; Rocker had been invited by Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) chairman Fritz Kater to join him in building up what would become the Free Workers Union of Germany ( FAUD ) , an anarcho-syndicalist trade union . Both Rocker and Witkop became members of the FAUD . After its founding in early 1919 , a discussion about the role of girls and women in the union started . The male-dominated organization had at first ignored gender issues , but soon women started founding their own unions , which were organized parallel to the regular unions , but still formed part of the FAUD . Witkop was one of the leading founders of the Womens Union in Berlin in 1920 . On October 15 , 1921 , the womens unions held a national congress in Düsseldorf and the Syndicalist Womens Union ( SFB ) was founded on a national level . Shortly thereafter , Witkop drafted Was will der Syndikalistische Frauenbund ? ( What Does the Syndicalist Womens Union Want? ) as a platform for the SFB . From 1921 , the Der Frauenbund was published as a supplement to the FAUD organ Der Syndikalist , Witkop was one of its primary writers . Witkop reasoned that proletarian women were exploited not only by capitalism like male workers , but also by their male counterparts . She contended therefore that women must actively fight for their rights , much like workers must fight capitalism for theirs . She also insisted on the necessity of women taking part in class struggle . Housewives could use boycotts to support this struggle . From this , she concluded the necessity of an autonomous womens organization in the FAUD . Witkop also held that domestic work should be deemed equally valuable to wage labor . In a 1921 article in Der Frauenbund , Witkop argued that the most important issue facing the SFB was the sexual issue . She called for access to birth control and advocated a childbearing strike . A debate on the issue within the German syndicalist movement ensued . Meetings on the issue were well-attended meetings and new SFB chapters were formed . United States . She was not only active in the syndicalist and feminist movement , but also worked to fight racism and anti-Semitism . She was often frustrated by what she considered an unwillingness to fight anti-Semitism in the labor movement . The rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the late 1920s greatly troubled Witkop . After the Reichstag fire in February 1933 , Witkop and Rocker fled Germany for the United States via Switzerland , France , and the UK . In the US , the couple continued to give lectures and write about anarchist topics . During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939 , they started an awareness campaign to educate Americans about the events in Spain . In Fall 1937 , the two moved to the Mohegan Commune near Lake Mohegan in Crompond . After World War II broke out , Witkop , like her husband and other anarchists such as Max Nettlau and Diego Abad de Santillán , supported the Allies because she felt Nazism could not be defeated with pacifist means . After World War II , Witkop had some sympathy for the Zionist movement , but was skeptical as to whether a nation state could solve the Jewish question . She favored the idea of bi-nationality developed by Martin Buber and Ahad Haam . The Mohegan commune , especially Witkop , was active in sending material support to German anarchists . They sent several hundred packages to Germany . Witkop died on November 23 , 1955 . She had been suffering from difficulties of breathing for months . |
[
"United States"
] | easy | What was the residence of Milly Witkop from 1933 to 1937? | /wiki/Milly_Witkop#P551#1 | Milly Witkop Milly Witkop ( -Rocker ) ( March 3 , 1877November 23 , 1955 ) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish anarcho-syndicalist , feminist writer and activist . She was the common-law wife of the prominent anarcho-syndicalist leader Rudolf Rocker . The couples son , Fermin Rocker , was an artist . Early life and period in London . Witkop was born Vitkopski in the Ukrainian shtetl of Zlatopol to a Jewish Ukrainian-Russian family as the oldest of four sisters . The youngest of the four , Rose , also became a well-known anarchist . In 1894 , Witkop left the Ukraine for London . In the decades following the 1881 assassination of Czar Alexander II , many Jews left Russia as a result of anti-Jewish pogroms throughout the Empire . Most went to the United Kingdom or the United States . In London , she worked in a tailoring sweatshop and saved enough money to finance her parents and sisters passage to England . The hard conditions she worked under led her to question her faith . Her involvement in a bakers strike led her to become involved with the group around the Jewish anarchist newspaper Arbayter Fraynd . She became influenced by the works of the anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin . In 1895 , she first met Rudolf Rocker in the course of her political work . In May 1898 , Rocker invited her to accompany him to New York City , where he hoped to find employment . The two were , however , not admitted to the country , because they refused to get married legally and were returned to the United Kingdom with the same ship on which they had reached the United States . The matter received some newspaper coverage in the United States at the time , attacking the couples love without marriage . From October 1898 , Rocker and Witkop co-edited the Arbeyter Fraynd . In March 1900 , the two also started publishing the newspaper Germinal , which was more focused on cultural topics . In 1907 , the couples son , Fermin , was born . Rocker and Witkop were opposed to World War I after it broke out in 1914 , unlike many other anarchists such as Kropotkin , who supported the Allied cause . To ease the poverty and deprivation caused by the joblessness that accompanied the war , Witkop and her husband opened a soup kitchen . In December 1914 , however , Rocker like many Germans and Austrians in the UK , was interned as an enemy alien . Witkop continued her anti-war activities until she was also arrested in 1916 . She remained imprisoned until the autumn of 1918 . She then left the United Kingdom to join her husband and son in the Netherlands . Germany . At first , the couple welcomed the February and October Revolutions in Russia , but after the Bolshevik coup they started criticizing the statism and totalitarianism of what would become the Soviet Union . In November 1918 , they moved to Berlin ; Rocker had been invited by Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) chairman Fritz Kater to join him in building up what would become the Free Workers Union of Germany ( FAUD ) , an anarcho-syndicalist trade union . Both Rocker and Witkop became members of the FAUD . After its founding in early 1919 , a discussion about the role of girls and women in the union started . The male-dominated organization had at first ignored gender issues , but soon women started founding their own unions , which were organized parallel to the regular unions , but still formed part of the FAUD . Witkop was one of the leading founders of the Womens Union in Berlin in 1920 . On October 15 , 1921 , the womens unions held a national congress in Düsseldorf and the Syndicalist Womens Union ( SFB ) was founded on a national level . Shortly thereafter , Witkop drafted Was will der Syndikalistische Frauenbund ? ( What Does the Syndicalist Womens Union Want? ) as a platform for the SFB . From 1921 , the Der Frauenbund was published as a supplement to the FAUD organ Der Syndikalist , Witkop was one of its primary writers . Witkop reasoned that proletarian women were exploited not only by capitalism like male workers , but also by their male counterparts . She contended therefore that women must actively fight for their rights , much like workers must fight capitalism for theirs . She also insisted on the necessity of women taking part in class struggle . Housewives could use boycotts to support this struggle . From this , she concluded the necessity of an autonomous womens organization in the FAUD . Witkop also held that domestic work should be deemed equally valuable to wage labor . In a 1921 article in Der Frauenbund , Witkop argued that the most important issue facing the SFB was the sexual issue . She called for access to birth control and advocated a childbearing strike . A debate on the issue within the German syndicalist movement ensued . Meetings on the issue were well-attended meetings and new SFB chapters were formed . United States . She was not only active in the syndicalist and feminist movement , but also worked to fight racism and anti-Semitism . She was often frustrated by what she considered an unwillingness to fight anti-Semitism in the labor movement . The rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the late 1920s greatly troubled Witkop . After the Reichstag fire in February 1933 , Witkop and Rocker fled Germany for the United States via Switzerland , France , and the UK . In the US , the couple continued to give lectures and write about anarchist topics . During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939 , they started an awareness campaign to educate Americans about the events in Spain . In Fall 1937 , the two moved to the Mohegan Commune near Lake Mohegan in Crompond . After World War II broke out , Witkop , like her husband and other anarchists such as Max Nettlau and Diego Abad de Santillán , supported the Allies because she felt Nazism could not be defeated with pacifist means . After World War II , Witkop had some sympathy for the Zionist movement , but was skeptical as to whether a nation state could solve the Jewish question . She favored the idea of bi-nationality developed by Martin Buber and Ahad Haam . The Mohegan commune , especially Witkop , was active in sending material support to German anarchists . They sent several hundred packages to Germany . Witkop died on November 23 , 1955 . She had been suffering from difficulties of breathing for months . |
[
"Mohegan Commune near Lake Mohegan in Crompond"
] | easy | What was the residence of Milly Witkop from 1937 to 1955? | /wiki/Milly_Witkop#P551#2 | Milly Witkop Milly Witkop ( -Rocker ) ( March 3 , 1877November 23 , 1955 ) was a Ukrainian-born Jewish anarcho-syndicalist , feminist writer and activist . She was the common-law wife of the prominent anarcho-syndicalist leader Rudolf Rocker . The couples son , Fermin Rocker , was an artist . Early life and period in London . Witkop was born Vitkopski in the Ukrainian shtetl of Zlatopol to a Jewish Ukrainian-Russian family as the oldest of four sisters . The youngest of the four , Rose , also became a well-known anarchist . In 1894 , Witkop left the Ukraine for London . In the decades following the 1881 assassination of Czar Alexander II , many Jews left Russia as a result of anti-Jewish pogroms throughout the Empire . Most went to the United Kingdom or the United States . In London , she worked in a tailoring sweatshop and saved enough money to finance her parents and sisters passage to England . The hard conditions she worked under led her to question her faith . Her involvement in a bakers strike led her to become involved with the group around the Jewish anarchist newspaper Arbayter Fraynd . She became influenced by the works of the anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin . In 1895 , she first met Rudolf Rocker in the course of her political work . In May 1898 , Rocker invited her to accompany him to New York City , where he hoped to find employment . The two were , however , not admitted to the country , because they refused to get married legally and were returned to the United Kingdom with the same ship on which they had reached the United States . The matter received some newspaper coverage in the United States at the time , attacking the couples love without marriage . From October 1898 , Rocker and Witkop co-edited the Arbeyter Fraynd . In March 1900 , the two also started publishing the newspaper Germinal , which was more focused on cultural topics . In 1907 , the couples son , Fermin , was born . Rocker and Witkop were opposed to World War I after it broke out in 1914 , unlike many other anarchists such as Kropotkin , who supported the Allied cause . To ease the poverty and deprivation caused by the joblessness that accompanied the war , Witkop and her husband opened a soup kitchen . In December 1914 , however , Rocker like many Germans and Austrians in the UK , was interned as an enemy alien . Witkop continued her anti-war activities until she was also arrested in 1916 . She remained imprisoned until the autumn of 1918 . She then left the United Kingdom to join her husband and son in the Netherlands . Germany . At first , the couple welcomed the February and October Revolutions in Russia , but after the Bolshevik coup they started criticizing the statism and totalitarianism of what would become the Soviet Union . In November 1918 , they moved to Berlin ; Rocker had been invited by Free Association of German Trade Unions ( FVdG ) chairman Fritz Kater to join him in building up what would become the Free Workers Union of Germany ( FAUD ) , an anarcho-syndicalist trade union . Both Rocker and Witkop became members of the FAUD . After its founding in early 1919 , a discussion about the role of girls and women in the union started . The male-dominated organization had at first ignored gender issues , but soon women started founding their own unions , which were organized parallel to the regular unions , but still formed part of the FAUD . Witkop was one of the leading founders of the Womens Union in Berlin in 1920 . On October 15 , 1921 , the womens unions held a national congress in Düsseldorf and the Syndicalist Womens Union ( SFB ) was founded on a national level . Shortly thereafter , Witkop drafted Was will der Syndikalistische Frauenbund ? ( What Does the Syndicalist Womens Union Want? ) as a platform for the SFB . From 1921 , the Der Frauenbund was published as a supplement to the FAUD organ Der Syndikalist , Witkop was one of its primary writers . Witkop reasoned that proletarian women were exploited not only by capitalism like male workers , but also by their male counterparts . She contended therefore that women must actively fight for their rights , much like workers must fight capitalism for theirs . She also insisted on the necessity of women taking part in class struggle . Housewives could use boycotts to support this struggle . From this , she concluded the necessity of an autonomous womens organization in the FAUD . Witkop also held that domestic work should be deemed equally valuable to wage labor . In a 1921 article in Der Frauenbund , Witkop argued that the most important issue facing the SFB was the sexual issue . She called for access to birth control and advocated a childbearing strike . A debate on the issue within the German syndicalist movement ensued . Meetings on the issue were well-attended meetings and new SFB chapters were formed . United States . She was not only active in the syndicalist and feminist movement , but also worked to fight racism and anti-Semitism . She was often frustrated by what she considered an unwillingness to fight anti-Semitism in the labor movement . The rise of the Nazi Party in Germany in the late 1920s greatly troubled Witkop . After the Reichstag fire in February 1933 , Witkop and Rocker fled Germany for the United States via Switzerland , France , and the UK . In the US , the couple continued to give lectures and write about anarchist topics . During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939 , they started an awareness campaign to educate Americans about the events in Spain . In Fall 1937 , the two moved to the Mohegan Commune near Lake Mohegan in Crompond . After World War II broke out , Witkop , like her husband and other anarchists such as Max Nettlau and Diego Abad de Santillán , supported the Allies because she felt Nazism could not be defeated with pacifist means . After World War II , Witkop had some sympathy for the Zionist movement , but was skeptical as to whether a nation state could solve the Jewish question . She favored the idea of bi-nationality developed by Martin Buber and Ahad Haam . The Mohegan commune , especially Witkop , was active in sending material support to German anarchists . They sent several hundred packages to Germany . Witkop died on November 23 , 1955 . She had been suffering from difficulties of breathing for months . |
[
"Labour Party"
] | easy | Which political party did Mike Hancock (British politician) belong to from 1968 to 1981? | /wiki/Mike_Hancock_(British_politician)#P102#0 | Mike Hancock ( British politician ) Michael Thomas Hancock , ( born 9 July 1946 ) is a British politician . He was most recently an independent Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Portsmouth South . Hancock formally resigned from the Liberal Democrat whip in early June 2014 until a civil court action brought against him by a female constituent alleging improper conduct was resolved . An out-of-court settlement with the woman , known only as Annie , was reached later in June 2014 in which Hancock admitted that he crossed the line into inappropriate behaviour . Hancocks resignation was announced on 18 September 2014 . He stood as an independent candidate in the 2014 Portsmouth City Council elections and lost his seat in Fratton Ward to UKIP candidate Julie Swan . The Liberal Democrats lost overall control of the council . Hancock was previously the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth South for the SDP following a by-election in 1984 until 1987 . Early life . Hancock was born in Portsmouth , Hampshire , the son of a Portsmouth naval stoker , growing up on a Portsmouth council estate . He was educated at comprehensive schools in Portsmouth . He worked as an engineer until he was first elected to Parliament , and in the years between his parliamentary career he worked as both a director of the Daytime Club at the BBC and as a district officer for Mencap . Political career . Hancock joined the Labour Party in 1968 , and was elected as a councillor to Portsmouth City Council in 1971 . He left the Labour Party and joined the new Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) in 1981 , becoming the leader of the council in 1989 . He continued in this role until his second election to the House of Commons , and remained a member for Fratton on the city council until 22 May 2014 , when he was defeated . He was also elected to Hampshire County Council in 1973 , becoming the leader of the Labour group on the council in 1977 until he left the party , leading the council as a Liberal Democrat between 1993 and 1997 , when the creation of Portsmouth Unitary Authority meant that he was no longer eligible to stand . He contested Portsmouth South for the SDP at the 1983 general election but lost to the sitting Conservative MP Bonner Pink by 12,335 votes . Pink died on 6 May 1984 , and Hancock was elected after being a candidate , again for the SDP , at the by-election by 1,341 votes . In his book Time To Declare , the SDP leader David Owen claimed that Hancocks victory prevented a Liberal attempt to subsume the SDP before the 1987 general election . However , Hancock later lost his seat in the 1987 general election to the Conservative David Martin by just 205 votes . He narrowly lost the seat to Martin again at the 1992 general election , this time by just 242 votes . He also contested the European Parliament seat of Wight and Hampshire South in 1994 . He returned to parliament at the 1997 general election , defeating Martin by 4,327 votes and held the seat for the Liberal Democrats at each subsequent general election . He was promoted to the frontbench by Paddy Ashdown in 1997 as the spokesman on foreign and commonwealth affairs until 2000 , when he was moved by Charles Kennedy to speak on the environment , transport and the regions , but following the 2001 general election , Hancock returned to the backbenches . It was reported that he signed nomination forms for more than one candidate in the 2006 Liberal Democrat leadership election , in order to ensure a proper contest . On 29 March 2015 , Hancock announced he would run again in Portsmouth South , this time as an independent candidate . Hancock failed to win the election , as did the official Liberal Democrat candidate ; the constituency was gained by the Conservative Party . Committee membership . He was member of both the defence select committee from 1999 to 2011 and has been on the Speakers panel of chairmen since 1999 . He is the vice-chairman of the all party groups on Croatia , and Russia . He was previously chair of the Russia group , until being succeeded by Labours Chris Bryant , because he was felt to be too lenient towards Moscow : We were concerned by Mike Hancocks pro-Putin and pro-Medvedev position . That is why I stood against him and ousted him . His research assistant , who provided secretarial support to the group , was incensed and walked out . Hancock holds various positions on the Council of Europe , including a committee position on the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe ( Monitoring Committee ) . On 18 October 2011 , amidst espionage allegations relating to his aide and mistress Katia Zatuliveter , Hancock resigned from his post on the defence select committee . ( See below ) Political views and stances . Hancock has said that he will act to defend the government of Azerbaijan in the British Parliament . He says that he disapproves of criticism of President Ilham Aliyevs regime , and has stated that , in particular , he disapproves of the democratic opposition movement within Azerbaijan . In 2013 he voted against a critical report on political prisoners in Azerbaijan . Hancock has stated that he does not believe the Armenian genocide actually happened , describing it as a so-called genocide based on dubious historical claims ; in March 2010 , he said : Armenia is like a headless chicken that runs around in circles . They really do not know where to run . Hancock is a patron of the Captive Animals Protection Society , a charity campaigning for an end to the use of animals in entertainment , including circuses , zoos , the exotic pet trade and the audio-visual industry . Hancock is a notable supporter of homoeopathy , having signed several early day motions in support of its continued funding on the National Health Service . Russian aides arrest , espionage allegation and extra-marital affair . On 8 August 2010 , one of Hancocks parliamentary aides , Russian national Katia Zatuliveter , and her friend were questioned at Gatwick Airport on returning from celebrating her 25th birthday in Croatia . Hancock had met Zatuliveter in Strasbourg where she worked for the Council of Europe . She started working as an aide to Hancock in 2008 , after having been an intern at the House of Commons for a while and undergoing security vetting . Until Hancock was ousted as chairman of the All-Party Group on Russia in June 2010 , Zatuliveter had been the groups secretary , giving her direct access to all MPs with the greatest interest in Russia and legitimate reason to liaise with the Russian authorities ; according to sources at Westminster , Zatuliveter had access to Hancocks private emails , and virtually ran the UK-Russia group . Reportedly , Zatuliveter had been identified by MI5 ( UK Security Service ) when surveillance linked her to another person with close links to the Russian embassy in London ; the latter was suspected of working for the SVR , Russias foreign intelligence service . On 4 December 2010 , it was reported that Zatuliveter was facing deportation in Yarls Wood Immigration Removal Centre , after she was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service on behalf of MI5 and the Border and Immigration Agency on 2 December 2010 , on suspicion of espionage , the police action having been approved by Home Secretary Theresa May . The incident happened in the wake of the uncovering and expulsion of ten Russian sleeper agents in the US in June 2010 , including a young woman who had British citizenship , Anna Chapman . On 5 December 2010 , Hancock confirmed the detention of Zatuliveter and advised the media that she was appealing against her potential deportation . In subsequent interviews on the same day , he called the espionage accusations absolutely ludicrous commenting further : I have no reason to believe she did anything but act honourably during the time she was working for me . She is determined to fight her corner and she genuinely believes , and I back her 100% , that she has nothing to hide and has done nothing wrong . If she has , the ( security ) services are right . But they need to prove their point now . The media quoted some of Hancocks former Council of Europes liberal group colleagues as saying that in the 2000s Hancock would usually come to their regular private gatherings alongside a series of young Russian and Ukrainian women – in spite of protests by some of those ; Hancocks former colleagues said they had witnessed his assistants using the computers of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe , the liberal group secretariat , which were supposed to be protected by a password ; apparently his assistants knew the password . Hancock denied claims by Mátyás Eörsi that he had failed to declare all of his visits to Russia , saying that he did not know exactly how many trips he had made to Russia , as his passport had fallen into the sea . It was also reported that Hancock had allegedly agreed to help another Russian national , a 25-year-old Ekaterina Paderina , stay in Britain after she ran into visa problems in the late 1990s . On 7 December 2010 Russias Foreign Ministry described the affair as vaudeville based on a threadbare spy plot being whipped up by the UK media , which could only be regarded with pity . On 9 December 2010 , Katerina Zatuliveter filed an appeal against arrest and deportation to Russia ; in a statement released by her lawyer Tessa Gregory , Zatuliveter said British authorities had failed to provide evidence of her work not being conducive to national security ; of MI5 she said : I fully cooperated with them when they questioned me . I have nothing to hide and was only doing my job as a parliamentary researcher . Also on that day , Alexander Sternik , Russias chargé daffaires said of Hancock : Mike Hancock is one of those people who are known to have a balanced objective and sympathetic approach towards the modern Russia and its foreign policy . Sternik also said that the Russian view of the affair was that Hancock was being targeted because he was a parliamentarian who showed sympathy and understanding for the modern Russian state ; of Zatulivers detention he said : We have not received , although we insisted on this , any clarification as to the motives and the reasons that this detention was made . At a Special Immigration Appeals Commission ( SIAC ) hearing on her case begun on 18 October 2011 , Zatuliveter admitted to having had a four-year affair with Hancock . She also admitted that she had had affairs with a NATO official , a Dutch diplomat and a senior UN official . On 29 November 2011 , the SIAC delivered its ruling that allowed the appeal ; the SIACs Open Judgment concluded : Our conclusion , at least on the balance of probabilities , is that she was and is not a Russian agent . [ ... ] The 2011 SIACs ruling on Zatuliveters appeal noted of her relationship with him : The relationship with Mr Hancock was enduring and genuine on both sides . Indecent assault claim . In October 2010 a complaint was made against Hancock of indecent assault , which Hampshire Police announced would not be pursued in December 2010 due to insufficient evidence . In February 2013 , a civil suit against Hancock over the same complaint was filed . In September 2013 the police reopened their investigation , asking that a report for Portsmouth City Council , be handed over . Hancock was then still a Portsmouth councillor , as well as an MP for the city . The report was an investigation into whether Hancock had breached the Councillors Code of Conduct for Portsmouth City Council , the council suspended any action as a result of the report until all other proceedings have concluded . The Police decided after considering the report that Hancock would face no charges in relation to the complaint . In January 2014 , Hancock was suspended from the Liberal Democrats after the party nationally reviewed the report commissioned by Liberal Democrat run Portsmouth City Council which had found prima facie evidence of his unwelcome sexual approaches to his constituent . The report , which has not been officially published , had become available to The Guardian in December 2013 . The civil case was scheduled to come to trial in mid-June 2014 , but a settlement between the parties emerged on 11 June . A week later , when details of the out of court settlement became public knowledge , Hancock apologised to his constituent ( known only under the pseudonym of Annie ) via a statement issued by the complainants solicitors at the High Court in London . Any compensation paid to the complainant was not made publicly known . In part , his statement says : I understand that you felt degraded . I did not treat you with sufficient respect . I made you feel deeply uncomfortable and discriminated against , and I crossed the line . A psychiatric report on Hancock , who is undergoing treatment at the Priory Hospital in Southampton , confirmed that he was freely able to make such a statement . Hancock resigned from the Liberal Democrats in September 2014 before a disciplinary hearing . The news was disclosed in The Independent on 18 September . Personal life and other activities . Hancock has been married to Jacqueline Elliott ( also a former member of Portsmouth City Council until losing her seat in the 2014 elections ) since 1967 , and has a son and a daughter . He has been the chairman of the southern region of the NSPCC since 1989 and has been the vice-chairman of Portsmouth Dock since 1992 . He was awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the same year . External links . - Mike Hancock MP official constituency website - Mike Hancock MP Liberal Democrats profile |
[
"Social Democratic Party"
] | easy | Which party was Mike Hancock (British politician) a member of from 1981 to 1988? | /wiki/Mike_Hancock_(British_politician)#P102#1 | Mike Hancock ( British politician ) Michael Thomas Hancock , ( born 9 July 1946 ) is a British politician . He was most recently an independent Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Portsmouth South . Hancock formally resigned from the Liberal Democrat whip in early June 2014 until a civil court action brought against him by a female constituent alleging improper conduct was resolved . An out-of-court settlement with the woman , known only as Annie , was reached later in June 2014 in which Hancock admitted that he crossed the line into inappropriate behaviour . Hancocks resignation was announced on 18 September 2014 . He stood as an independent candidate in the 2014 Portsmouth City Council elections and lost his seat in Fratton Ward to UKIP candidate Julie Swan . The Liberal Democrats lost overall control of the council . Hancock was previously the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth South for the SDP following a by-election in 1984 until 1987 . Early life . Hancock was born in Portsmouth , Hampshire , the son of a Portsmouth naval stoker , growing up on a Portsmouth council estate . He was educated at comprehensive schools in Portsmouth . He worked as an engineer until he was first elected to Parliament , and in the years between his parliamentary career he worked as both a director of the Daytime Club at the BBC and as a district officer for Mencap . Political career . Hancock joined the Labour Party in 1968 , and was elected as a councillor to Portsmouth City Council in 1971 . He left the Labour Party and joined the new Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) in 1981 , becoming the leader of the council in 1989 . He continued in this role until his second election to the House of Commons , and remained a member for Fratton on the city council until 22 May 2014 , when he was defeated . He was also elected to Hampshire County Council in 1973 , becoming the leader of the Labour group on the council in 1977 until he left the party , leading the council as a Liberal Democrat between 1993 and 1997 , when the creation of Portsmouth Unitary Authority meant that he was no longer eligible to stand . He contested Portsmouth South for the SDP at the 1983 general election but lost to the sitting Conservative MP Bonner Pink by 12,335 votes . Pink died on 6 May 1984 , and Hancock was elected after being a candidate , again for the SDP , at the by-election by 1,341 votes . In his book Time To Declare , the SDP leader David Owen claimed that Hancocks victory prevented a Liberal attempt to subsume the SDP before the 1987 general election . However , Hancock later lost his seat in the 1987 general election to the Conservative David Martin by just 205 votes . He narrowly lost the seat to Martin again at the 1992 general election , this time by just 242 votes . He also contested the European Parliament seat of Wight and Hampshire South in 1994 . He returned to parliament at the 1997 general election , defeating Martin by 4,327 votes and held the seat for the Liberal Democrats at each subsequent general election . He was promoted to the frontbench by Paddy Ashdown in 1997 as the spokesman on foreign and commonwealth affairs until 2000 , when he was moved by Charles Kennedy to speak on the environment , transport and the regions , but following the 2001 general election , Hancock returned to the backbenches . It was reported that he signed nomination forms for more than one candidate in the 2006 Liberal Democrat leadership election , in order to ensure a proper contest . On 29 March 2015 , Hancock announced he would run again in Portsmouth South , this time as an independent candidate . Hancock failed to win the election , as did the official Liberal Democrat candidate ; the constituency was gained by the Conservative Party . Committee membership . He was member of both the defence select committee from 1999 to 2011 and has been on the Speakers panel of chairmen since 1999 . He is the vice-chairman of the all party groups on Croatia , and Russia . He was previously chair of the Russia group , until being succeeded by Labours Chris Bryant , because he was felt to be too lenient towards Moscow : We were concerned by Mike Hancocks pro-Putin and pro-Medvedev position . That is why I stood against him and ousted him . His research assistant , who provided secretarial support to the group , was incensed and walked out . Hancock holds various positions on the Council of Europe , including a committee position on the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe ( Monitoring Committee ) . On 18 October 2011 , amidst espionage allegations relating to his aide and mistress Katia Zatuliveter , Hancock resigned from his post on the defence select committee . ( See below ) Political views and stances . Hancock has said that he will act to defend the government of Azerbaijan in the British Parliament . He says that he disapproves of criticism of President Ilham Aliyevs regime , and has stated that , in particular , he disapproves of the democratic opposition movement within Azerbaijan . In 2013 he voted against a critical report on political prisoners in Azerbaijan . Hancock has stated that he does not believe the Armenian genocide actually happened , describing it as a so-called genocide based on dubious historical claims ; in March 2010 , he said : Armenia is like a headless chicken that runs around in circles . They really do not know where to run . Hancock is a patron of the Captive Animals Protection Society , a charity campaigning for an end to the use of animals in entertainment , including circuses , zoos , the exotic pet trade and the audio-visual industry . Hancock is a notable supporter of homoeopathy , having signed several early day motions in support of its continued funding on the National Health Service . Russian aides arrest , espionage allegation and extra-marital affair . On 8 August 2010 , one of Hancocks parliamentary aides , Russian national Katia Zatuliveter , and her friend were questioned at Gatwick Airport on returning from celebrating her 25th birthday in Croatia . Hancock had met Zatuliveter in Strasbourg where she worked for the Council of Europe . She started working as an aide to Hancock in 2008 , after having been an intern at the House of Commons for a while and undergoing security vetting . Until Hancock was ousted as chairman of the All-Party Group on Russia in June 2010 , Zatuliveter had been the groups secretary , giving her direct access to all MPs with the greatest interest in Russia and legitimate reason to liaise with the Russian authorities ; according to sources at Westminster , Zatuliveter had access to Hancocks private emails , and virtually ran the UK-Russia group . Reportedly , Zatuliveter had been identified by MI5 ( UK Security Service ) when surveillance linked her to another person with close links to the Russian embassy in London ; the latter was suspected of working for the SVR , Russias foreign intelligence service . On 4 December 2010 , it was reported that Zatuliveter was facing deportation in Yarls Wood Immigration Removal Centre , after she was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service on behalf of MI5 and the Border and Immigration Agency on 2 December 2010 , on suspicion of espionage , the police action having been approved by Home Secretary Theresa May . The incident happened in the wake of the uncovering and expulsion of ten Russian sleeper agents in the US in June 2010 , including a young woman who had British citizenship , Anna Chapman . On 5 December 2010 , Hancock confirmed the detention of Zatuliveter and advised the media that she was appealing against her potential deportation . In subsequent interviews on the same day , he called the espionage accusations absolutely ludicrous commenting further : I have no reason to believe she did anything but act honourably during the time she was working for me . She is determined to fight her corner and she genuinely believes , and I back her 100% , that she has nothing to hide and has done nothing wrong . If she has , the ( security ) services are right . But they need to prove their point now . The media quoted some of Hancocks former Council of Europes liberal group colleagues as saying that in the 2000s Hancock would usually come to their regular private gatherings alongside a series of young Russian and Ukrainian women – in spite of protests by some of those ; Hancocks former colleagues said they had witnessed his assistants using the computers of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe , the liberal group secretariat , which were supposed to be protected by a password ; apparently his assistants knew the password . Hancock denied claims by Mátyás Eörsi that he had failed to declare all of his visits to Russia , saying that he did not know exactly how many trips he had made to Russia , as his passport had fallen into the sea . It was also reported that Hancock had allegedly agreed to help another Russian national , a 25-year-old Ekaterina Paderina , stay in Britain after she ran into visa problems in the late 1990s . On 7 December 2010 Russias Foreign Ministry described the affair as vaudeville based on a threadbare spy plot being whipped up by the UK media , which could only be regarded with pity . On 9 December 2010 , Katerina Zatuliveter filed an appeal against arrest and deportation to Russia ; in a statement released by her lawyer Tessa Gregory , Zatuliveter said British authorities had failed to provide evidence of her work not being conducive to national security ; of MI5 she said : I fully cooperated with them when they questioned me . I have nothing to hide and was only doing my job as a parliamentary researcher . Also on that day , Alexander Sternik , Russias chargé daffaires said of Hancock : Mike Hancock is one of those people who are known to have a balanced objective and sympathetic approach towards the modern Russia and its foreign policy . Sternik also said that the Russian view of the affair was that Hancock was being targeted because he was a parliamentarian who showed sympathy and understanding for the modern Russian state ; of Zatulivers detention he said : We have not received , although we insisted on this , any clarification as to the motives and the reasons that this detention was made . At a Special Immigration Appeals Commission ( SIAC ) hearing on her case begun on 18 October 2011 , Zatuliveter admitted to having had a four-year affair with Hancock . She also admitted that she had had affairs with a NATO official , a Dutch diplomat and a senior UN official . On 29 November 2011 , the SIAC delivered its ruling that allowed the appeal ; the SIACs Open Judgment concluded : Our conclusion , at least on the balance of probabilities , is that she was and is not a Russian agent . [ ... ] The 2011 SIACs ruling on Zatuliveters appeal noted of her relationship with him : The relationship with Mr Hancock was enduring and genuine on both sides . Indecent assault claim . In October 2010 a complaint was made against Hancock of indecent assault , which Hampshire Police announced would not be pursued in December 2010 due to insufficient evidence . In February 2013 , a civil suit against Hancock over the same complaint was filed . In September 2013 the police reopened their investigation , asking that a report for Portsmouth City Council , be handed over . Hancock was then still a Portsmouth councillor , as well as an MP for the city . The report was an investigation into whether Hancock had breached the Councillors Code of Conduct for Portsmouth City Council , the council suspended any action as a result of the report until all other proceedings have concluded . The Police decided after considering the report that Hancock would face no charges in relation to the complaint . In January 2014 , Hancock was suspended from the Liberal Democrats after the party nationally reviewed the report commissioned by Liberal Democrat run Portsmouth City Council which had found prima facie evidence of his unwelcome sexual approaches to his constituent . The report , which has not been officially published , had become available to The Guardian in December 2013 . The civil case was scheduled to come to trial in mid-June 2014 , but a settlement between the parties emerged on 11 June . A week later , when details of the out of court settlement became public knowledge , Hancock apologised to his constituent ( known only under the pseudonym of Annie ) via a statement issued by the complainants solicitors at the High Court in London . Any compensation paid to the complainant was not made publicly known . In part , his statement says : I understand that you felt degraded . I did not treat you with sufficient respect . I made you feel deeply uncomfortable and discriminated against , and I crossed the line . A psychiatric report on Hancock , who is undergoing treatment at the Priory Hospital in Southampton , confirmed that he was freely able to make such a statement . Hancock resigned from the Liberal Democrats in September 2014 before a disciplinary hearing . The news was disclosed in The Independent on 18 September . Personal life and other activities . Hancock has been married to Jacqueline Elliott ( also a former member of Portsmouth City Council until losing her seat in the 2014 elections ) since 1967 , and has a son and a daughter . He has been the chairman of the southern region of the NSPCC since 1989 and has been the vice-chairman of Portsmouth Dock since 1992 . He was awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the same year . External links . - Mike Hancock MP official constituency website - Mike Hancock MP Liberal Democrats profile |
[
"Liberal Democrats"
] | easy | Which party was Mike Hancock (British politician) a member of from 1988 to 2014? | /wiki/Mike_Hancock_(British_politician)#P102#2 | Mike Hancock ( British politician ) Michael Thomas Hancock , ( born 9 July 1946 ) is a British politician . He was most recently an independent Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Portsmouth South . Hancock formally resigned from the Liberal Democrat whip in early June 2014 until a civil court action brought against him by a female constituent alleging improper conduct was resolved . An out-of-court settlement with the woman , known only as Annie , was reached later in June 2014 in which Hancock admitted that he crossed the line into inappropriate behaviour . Hancocks resignation was announced on 18 September 2014 . He stood as an independent candidate in the 2014 Portsmouth City Council elections and lost his seat in Fratton Ward to UKIP candidate Julie Swan . The Liberal Democrats lost overall control of the council . Hancock was previously the Member of Parliament for Portsmouth South for the SDP following a by-election in 1984 until 1987 . Early life . Hancock was born in Portsmouth , Hampshire , the son of a Portsmouth naval stoker , growing up on a Portsmouth council estate . He was educated at comprehensive schools in Portsmouth . He worked as an engineer until he was first elected to Parliament , and in the years between his parliamentary career he worked as both a director of the Daytime Club at the BBC and as a district officer for Mencap . Political career . Hancock joined the Labour Party in 1968 , and was elected as a councillor to Portsmouth City Council in 1971 . He left the Labour Party and joined the new Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) in 1981 , becoming the leader of the council in 1989 . He continued in this role until his second election to the House of Commons , and remained a member for Fratton on the city council until 22 May 2014 , when he was defeated . He was also elected to Hampshire County Council in 1973 , becoming the leader of the Labour group on the council in 1977 until he left the party , leading the council as a Liberal Democrat between 1993 and 1997 , when the creation of Portsmouth Unitary Authority meant that he was no longer eligible to stand . He contested Portsmouth South for the SDP at the 1983 general election but lost to the sitting Conservative MP Bonner Pink by 12,335 votes . Pink died on 6 May 1984 , and Hancock was elected after being a candidate , again for the SDP , at the by-election by 1,341 votes . In his book Time To Declare , the SDP leader David Owen claimed that Hancocks victory prevented a Liberal attempt to subsume the SDP before the 1987 general election . However , Hancock later lost his seat in the 1987 general election to the Conservative David Martin by just 205 votes . He narrowly lost the seat to Martin again at the 1992 general election , this time by just 242 votes . He also contested the European Parliament seat of Wight and Hampshire South in 1994 . He returned to parliament at the 1997 general election , defeating Martin by 4,327 votes and held the seat for the Liberal Democrats at each subsequent general election . He was promoted to the frontbench by Paddy Ashdown in 1997 as the spokesman on foreign and commonwealth affairs until 2000 , when he was moved by Charles Kennedy to speak on the environment , transport and the regions , but following the 2001 general election , Hancock returned to the backbenches . It was reported that he signed nomination forms for more than one candidate in the 2006 Liberal Democrat leadership election , in order to ensure a proper contest . On 29 March 2015 , Hancock announced he would run again in Portsmouth South , this time as an independent candidate . Hancock failed to win the election , as did the official Liberal Democrat candidate ; the constituency was gained by the Conservative Party . Committee membership . He was member of both the defence select committee from 1999 to 2011 and has been on the Speakers panel of chairmen since 1999 . He is the vice-chairman of the all party groups on Croatia , and Russia . He was previously chair of the Russia group , until being succeeded by Labours Chris Bryant , because he was felt to be too lenient towards Moscow : We were concerned by Mike Hancocks pro-Putin and pro-Medvedev position . That is why I stood against him and ousted him . His research assistant , who provided secretarial support to the group , was incensed and walked out . Hancock holds various positions on the Council of Europe , including a committee position on the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe ( Monitoring Committee ) . On 18 October 2011 , amidst espionage allegations relating to his aide and mistress Katia Zatuliveter , Hancock resigned from his post on the defence select committee . ( See below ) Political views and stances . Hancock has said that he will act to defend the government of Azerbaijan in the British Parliament . He says that he disapproves of criticism of President Ilham Aliyevs regime , and has stated that , in particular , he disapproves of the democratic opposition movement within Azerbaijan . In 2013 he voted against a critical report on political prisoners in Azerbaijan . Hancock has stated that he does not believe the Armenian genocide actually happened , describing it as a so-called genocide based on dubious historical claims ; in March 2010 , he said : Armenia is like a headless chicken that runs around in circles . They really do not know where to run . Hancock is a patron of the Captive Animals Protection Society , a charity campaigning for an end to the use of animals in entertainment , including circuses , zoos , the exotic pet trade and the audio-visual industry . Hancock is a notable supporter of homoeopathy , having signed several early day motions in support of its continued funding on the National Health Service . Russian aides arrest , espionage allegation and extra-marital affair . On 8 August 2010 , one of Hancocks parliamentary aides , Russian national Katia Zatuliveter , and her friend were questioned at Gatwick Airport on returning from celebrating her 25th birthday in Croatia . Hancock had met Zatuliveter in Strasbourg where she worked for the Council of Europe . She started working as an aide to Hancock in 2008 , after having been an intern at the House of Commons for a while and undergoing security vetting . Until Hancock was ousted as chairman of the All-Party Group on Russia in June 2010 , Zatuliveter had been the groups secretary , giving her direct access to all MPs with the greatest interest in Russia and legitimate reason to liaise with the Russian authorities ; according to sources at Westminster , Zatuliveter had access to Hancocks private emails , and virtually ran the UK-Russia group . Reportedly , Zatuliveter had been identified by MI5 ( UK Security Service ) when surveillance linked her to another person with close links to the Russian embassy in London ; the latter was suspected of working for the SVR , Russias foreign intelligence service . On 4 December 2010 , it was reported that Zatuliveter was facing deportation in Yarls Wood Immigration Removal Centre , after she was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service on behalf of MI5 and the Border and Immigration Agency on 2 December 2010 , on suspicion of espionage , the police action having been approved by Home Secretary Theresa May . The incident happened in the wake of the uncovering and expulsion of ten Russian sleeper agents in the US in June 2010 , including a young woman who had British citizenship , Anna Chapman . On 5 December 2010 , Hancock confirmed the detention of Zatuliveter and advised the media that she was appealing against her potential deportation . In subsequent interviews on the same day , he called the espionage accusations absolutely ludicrous commenting further : I have no reason to believe she did anything but act honourably during the time she was working for me . She is determined to fight her corner and she genuinely believes , and I back her 100% , that she has nothing to hide and has done nothing wrong . If she has , the ( security ) services are right . But they need to prove their point now . The media quoted some of Hancocks former Council of Europes liberal group colleagues as saying that in the 2000s Hancock would usually come to their regular private gatherings alongside a series of young Russian and Ukrainian women – in spite of protests by some of those ; Hancocks former colleagues said they had witnessed his assistants using the computers of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe , the liberal group secretariat , which were supposed to be protected by a password ; apparently his assistants knew the password . Hancock denied claims by Mátyás Eörsi that he had failed to declare all of his visits to Russia , saying that he did not know exactly how many trips he had made to Russia , as his passport had fallen into the sea . It was also reported that Hancock had allegedly agreed to help another Russian national , a 25-year-old Ekaterina Paderina , stay in Britain after she ran into visa problems in the late 1990s . On 7 December 2010 Russias Foreign Ministry described the affair as vaudeville based on a threadbare spy plot being whipped up by the UK media , which could only be regarded with pity . On 9 December 2010 , Katerina Zatuliveter filed an appeal against arrest and deportation to Russia ; in a statement released by her lawyer Tessa Gregory , Zatuliveter said British authorities had failed to provide evidence of her work not being conducive to national security ; of MI5 she said : I fully cooperated with them when they questioned me . I have nothing to hide and was only doing my job as a parliamentary researcher . Also on that day , Alexander Sternik , Russias chargé daffaires said of Hancock : Mike Hancock is one of those people who are known to have a balanced objective and sympathetic approach towards the modern Russia and its foreign policy . Sternik also said that the Russian view of the affair was that Hancock was being targeted because he was a parliamentarian who showed sympathy and understanding for the modern Russian state ; of Zatulivers detention he said : We have not received , although we insisted on this , any clarification as to the motives and the reasons that this detention was made . At a Special Immigration Appeals Commission ( SIAC ) hearing on her case begun on 18 October 2011 , Zatuliveter admitted to having had a four-year affair with Hancock . She also admitted that she had had affairs with a NATO official , a Dutch diplomat and a senior UN official . On 29 November 2011 , the SIAC delivered its ruling that allowed the appeal ; the SIACs Open Judgment concluded : Our conclusion , at least on the balance of probabilities , is that she was and is not a Russian agent . [ ... ] The 2011 SIACs ruling on Zatuliveters appeal noted of her relationship with him : The relationship with Mr Hancock was enduring and genuine on both sides . Indecent assault claim . In October 2010 a complaint was made against Hancock of indecent assault , which Hampshire Police announced would not be pursued in December 2010 due to insufficient evidence . In February 2013 , a civil suit against Hancock over the same complaint was filed . In September 2013 the police reopened their investigation , asking that a report for Portsmouth City Council , be handed over . Hancock was then still a Portsmouth councillor , as well as an MP for the city . The report was an investigation into whether Hancock had breached the Councillors Code of Conduct for Portsmouth City Council , the council suspended any action as a result of the report until all other proceedings have concluded . The Police decided after considering the report that Hancock would face no charges in relation to the complaint . In January 2014 , Hancock was suspended from the Liberal Democrats after the party nationally reviewed the report commissioned by Liberal Democrat run Portsmouth City Council which had found prima facie evidence of his unwelcome sexual approaches to his constituent . The report , which has not been officially published , had become available to The Guardian in December 2013 . The civil case was scheduled to come to trial in mid-June 2014 , but a settlement between the parties emerged on 11 June . A week later , when details of the out of court settlement became public knowledge , Hancock apologised to his constituent ( known only under the pseudonym of Annie ) via a statement issued by the complainants solicitors at the High Court in London . Any compensation paid to the complainant was not made publicly known . In part , his statement says : I understand that you felt degraded . I did not treat you with sufficient respect . I made you feel deeply uncomfortable and discriminated against , and I crossed the line . A psychiatric report on Hancock , who is undergoing treatment at the Priory Hospital in Southampton , confirmed that he was freely able to make such a statement . Hancock resigned from the Liberal Democrats in September 2014 before a disciplinary hearing . The news was disclosed in The Independent on 18 September . Personal life and other activities . Hancock has been married to Jacqueline Elliott ( also a former member of Portsmouth City Council until losing her seat in the 2014 elections ) since 1967 , and has a son and a daughter . He has been the chairman of the southern region of the NSPCC since 1989 and has been the vice-chairman of Portsmouth Dock since 1992 . He was awarded the Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the same year . External links . - Mike Hancock MP official constituency website - Mike Hancock MP Liberal Democrats profile |
[
"Adelaide United"
] | easy | Iain Ramsay played for which team from 2010 to 2013? | /wiki/Iain_Ramsay#P54#0 | Iain Ramsay Iain Irinco Ramsay ( born 27 February 1988 ) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays for Prachuap in the Thai League 1 , as a left midfielder . He previously made competitive appearances for Sydney FC , Melbourne City , Sydney Olympic , Adelaide United , Tractor Sazi , Ceres–Negros and Felda United . He represents the Philippines internationally . Early life and education . Ramsay was born in Perth , Australia to a Scottish father and a Filipino mother . Ramsays father was born in Dunblane , Scotland while his mother was born in Pampanga , Philippines who migrated to Australia at age 30 before the 1990s . Ramsay attended Prairiewood High School and Bossley Park High School . Club career . In 2006 at 17 years old , Ramsay secured a contract with Scottish club , Gretna F.C . as a youth player . He also spent some time of his youth career with Sydney F.C . Sydney Olympic . Ramsay signed for New South Wales Premier League team Sydney Olympic , returning to the club he played for as a youth . Adelaide United . On 23 July 2010 , Ramsay signed a one-year professional contract with Adelaide United . On 20 August 2010 , Ramsay scored two goals against Melbourne Heart , to help Adelaide win the game . His third goal for Adelaide came against his former club Sydney FC in a come from behind 2-1 victory . Ramsay scored in extra time to give Adelaide the 3 points . Melbourne Heart . On 7 April 2013 , Melbourne Heart FC ( now known as Melbourne City FC ) , announced Ramsay had signed with the club for the 2013/14 season . On 13 May 2015 , Melbourne City confirmed that Ramsay was released from the club . Tractor Sazi . In the summer of 2015 Ramsay signed with Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor Sazi . He made his debut for the club in an away match against Gostaresh Foolad where his team won 3-1 . He assisted three times in first two matches of his team . Under manager , Toni , Ramsay started in some matches . When Amir Ghalenoei took over Tractor Sazi , Ramsay didnt have playing time with his club . It was reported in 2 January 2016 that Tractor Sazi has terminated Ramsays contract . As of May 2016 , is a free agent . He is not ruling out any future stints in Iran . In July 2016 , Ramsay went on trial at Eerste Divisie side FC Volendam . Ceres-Negros . In January 2017 , Ceres-Negros announced that they have signed in Ramsay , along with few other players , to play for the club . Ramsay scored his first goal on 7 March against Tampines Rovers FC for the 2017 AFC Cup , which ended 5-0 home victory . He was also instrumental to his clubs 4-1 win over Global Cebu in the title match of the 2017 Philippines Football League Final Series by scoring a hat-trick . FELDA United F.C. . Ramsay was signed in by Thai club , PT Prachuap in late 2017 while the 2017 season of the Philippines Football League was still ongoing . He completed the season with Ceres and was set to play for the Thai club who would be making their debut in the Thai League in the 2018 season . However in January 2018 , Ramsay decided to move to FELDA United F.C . of the Malaysia Super League instead . International career . Due to Ramsay being born in Australia and the heritage of his parents , Ramsay was eligible to play for Australia , Scotland and the Philippines . Ramsay was called up to the Philippines national team in May 2015 , ahead of the 2018 World Cup Qualifiers against Bahrain and Yemen . He scored his first goal in the 74th minute in a 2–0 away success versus Yemen . Ramsays second international goal came on 29 March 2016 , against North Korea . Earlier , he said he aimed of playing for Australia but also considered the Philippines as a great option if he is not able to get a call-up from the Socceroos . He is one of many foreign born players in the Philippines national team . In 2015 , he told Vice : Of course there are a few that will question some of the squad players not being full blooded Filipino . But whether its a half , a quarter , three-quarters : we consider ourselves Filipino , and we are honoured to represent the country . Career statistics . International . Statistics accurate as of match played 14 November 2017 Honours . Club . - Sydney FC - A-League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 Personal . - National Youth-League : Sydney FC National Youth League Player of the Year 2009-10 - Adelaide United Rising Star : 2010–11 External links . - Adelaide United profile |
[
"Melbourne Heart FC"
] | easy | Which team did Iain Ramsay play for from 2013 to 2015? | /wiki/Iain_Ramsay#P54#1 | Iain Ramsay Iain Irinco Ramsay ( born 27 February 1988 ) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays for Prachuap in the Thai League 1 , as a left midfielder . He previously made competitive appearances for Sydney FC , Melbourne City , Sydney Olympic , Adelaide United , Tractor Sazi , Ceres–Negros and Felda United . He represents the Philippines internationally . Early life and education . Ramsay was born in Perth , Australia to a Scottish father and a Filipino mother . Ramsays father was born in Dunblane , Scotland while his mother was born in Pampanga , Philippines who migrated to Australia at age 30 before the 1990s . Ramsay attended Prairiewood High School and Bossley Park High School . Club career . In 2006 at 17 years old , Ramsay secured a contract with Scottish club , Gretna F.C . as a youth player . He also spent some time of his youth career with Sydney F.C . Sydney Olympic . Ramsay signed for New South Wales Premier League team Sydney Olympic , returning to the club he played for as a youth . Adelaide United . On 23 July 2010 , Ramsay signed a one-year professional contract with Adelaide United . On 20 August 2010 , Ramsay scored two goals against Melbourne Heart , to help Adelaide win the game . His third goal for Adelaide came against his former club Sydney FC in a come from behind 2-1 victory . Ramsay scored in extra time to give Adelaide the 3 points . Melbourne Heart . On 7 April 2013 , Melbourne Heart FC ( now known as Melbourne City FC ) , announced Ramsay had signed with the club for the 2013/14 season . On 13 May 2015 , Melbourne City confirmed that Ramsay was released from the club . Tractor Sazi . In the summer of 2015 Ramsay signed with Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor Sazi . He made his debut for the club in an away match against Gostaresh Foolad where his team won 3-1 . He assisted three times in first two matches of his team . Under manager , Toni , Ramsay started in some matches . When Amir Ghalenoei took over Tractor Sazi , Ramsay didnt have playing time with his club . It was reported in 2 January 2016 that Tractor Sazi has terminated Ramsays contract . As of May 2016 , is a free agent . He is not ruling out any future stints in Iran . In July 2016 , Ramsay went on trial at Eerste Divisie side FC Volendam . Ceres-Negros . In January 2017 , Ceres-Negros announced that they have signed in Ramsay , along with few other players , to play for the club . Ramsay scored his first goal on 7 March against Tampines Rovers FC for the 2017 AFC Cup , which ended 5-0 home victory . He was also instrumental to his clubs 4-1 win over Global Cebu in the title match of the 2017 Philippines Football League Final Series by scoring a hat-trick . FELDA United F.C. . Ramsay was signed in by Thai club , PT Prachuap in late 2017 while the 2017 season of the Philippines Football League was still ongoing . He completed the season with Ceres and was set to play for the Thai club who would be making their debut in the Thai League in the 2018 season . However in January 2018 , Ramsay decided to move to FELDA United F.C . of the Malaysia Super League instead . International career . Due to Ramsay being born in Australia and the heritage of his parents , Ramsay was eligible to play for Australia , Scotland and the Philippines . Ramsay was called up to the Philippines national team in May 2015 , ahead of the 2018 World Cup Qualifiers against Bahrain and Yemen . He scored his first goal in the 74th minute in a 2–0 away success versus Yemen . Ramsays second international goal came on 29 March 2016 , against North Korea . Earlier , he said he aimed of playing for Australia but also considered the Philippines as a great option if he is not able to get a call-up from the Socceroos . He is one of many foreign born players in the Philippines national team . In 2015 , he told Vice : Of course there are a few that will question some of the squad players not being full blooded Filipino . But whether its a half , a quarter , three-quarters : we consider ourselves Filipino , and we are honoured to represent the country . Career statistics . International . Statistics accurate as of match played 14 November 2017 Honours . Club . - Sydney FC - A-League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 Personal . - National Youth-League : Sydney FC National Youth League Player of the Year 2009-10 - Adelaide United Rising Star : 2010–11 External links . - Adelaide United profile |
[
"Tractor Sazi"
] | easy | Which team did Iain Ramsay play for from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Iain_Ramsay#P54#2 | Iain Ramsay Iain Irinco Ramsay ( born 27 February 1988 ) is a Filipino professional footballer who plays for Prachuap in the Thai League 1 , as a left midfielder . He previously made competitive appearances for Sydney FC , Melbourne City , Sydney Olympic , Adelaide United , Tractor Sazi , Ceres–Negros and Felda United . He represents the Philippines internationally . Early life and education . Ramsay was born in Perth , Australia to a Scottish father and a Filipino mother . Ramsays father was born in Dunblane , Scotland while his mother was born in Pampanga , Philippines who migrated to Australia at age 30 before the 1990s . Ramsay attended Prairiewood High School and Bossley Park High School . Club career . In 2006 at 17 years old , Ramsay secured a contract with Scottish club , Gretna F.C . as a youth player . He also spent some time of his youth career with Sydney F.C . Sydney Olympic . Ramsay signed for New South Wales Premier League team Sydney Olympic , returning to the club he played for as a youth . Adelaide United . On 23 July 2010 , Ramsay signed a one-year professional contract with Adelaide United . On 20 August 2010 , Ramsay scored two goals against Melbourne Heart , to help Adelaide win the game . His third goal for Adelaide came against his former club Sydney FC in a come from behind 2-1 victory . Ramsay scored in extra time to give Adelaide the 3 points . Melbourne Heart . On 7 April 2013 , Melbourne Heart FC ( now known as Melbourne City FC ) , announced Ramsay had signed with the club for the 2013/14 season . On 13 May 2015 , Melbourne City confirmed that Ramsay was released from the club . Tractor Sazi . In the summer of 2015 Ramsay signed with Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor Sazi . He made his debut for the club in an away match against Gostaresh Foolad where his team won 3-1 . He assisted three times in first two matches of his team . Under manager , Toni , Ramsay started in some matches . When Amir Ghalenoei took over Tractor Sazi , Ramsay didnt have playing time with his club . It was reported in 2 January 2016 that Tractor Sazi has terminated Ramsays contract . As of May 2016 , is a free agent . He is not ruling out any future stints in Iran . In July 2016 , Ramsay went on trial at Eerste Divisie side FC Volendam . Ceres-Negros . In January 2017 , Ceres-Negros announced that they have signed in Ramsay , along with few other players , to play for the club . Ramsay scored his first goal on 7 March against Tampines Rovers FC for the 2017 AFC Cup , which ended 5-0 home victory . He was also instrumental to his clubs 4-1 win over Global Cebu in the title match of the 2017 Philippines Football League Final Series by scoring a hat-trick . FELDA United F.C. . Ramsay was signed in by Thai club , PT Prachuap in late 2017 while the 2017 season of the Philippines Football League was still ongoing . He completed the season with Ceres and was set to play for the Thai club who would be making their debut in the Thai League in the 2018 season . However in January 2018 , Ramsay decided to move to FELDA United F.C . of the Malaysia Super League instead . International career . Due to Ramsay being born in Australia and the heritage of his parents , Ramsay was eligible to play for Australia , Scotland and the Philippines . Ramsay was called up to the Philippines national team in May 2015 , ahead of the 2018 World Cup Qualifiers against Bahrain and Yemen . He scored his first goal in the 74th minute in a 2–0 away success versus Yemen . Ramsays second international goal came on 29 March 2016 , against North Korea . Earlier , he said he aimed of playing for Australia but also considered the Philippines as a great option if he is not able to get a call-up from the Socceroos . He is one of many foreign born players in the Philippines national team . In 2015 , he told Vice : Of course there are a few that will question some of the squad players not being full blooded Filipino . But whether its a half , a quarter , three-quarters : we consider ourselves Filipino , and we are honoured to represent the country . Career statistics . International . Statistics accurate as of match played 14 November 2017 Honours . Club . - Sydney FC - A-League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 Personal . - National Youth-League : Sydney FC National Youth League Player of the Year 2009-10 - Adelaide United Rising Star : 2010–11 External links . - Adelaide United profile |
[
"Universidad Iberoamericana"
] | easy | Which school did María Elena Meneses Rocha go to from 1980 to 1984? | /wiki/María_Elena_Meneses_Rocha#P69#0 | María Elena Meneses Rocha María Elena Meneses Rocha ( 1 December 1961 – 14 May 2018 ) was a Mexican journalist , professor of journalism and researcher into media , communications and the Internet with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education , Mexico City . On the campus she taught and was the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , which does research and consulting in mass media and information technology . She also worked with mass media , as a writer and as a commentator for print , broadcast and Internet media , mostly commenting on information technologies . Life . Meneses was married with two daughters and lived in Mexico City . She died from complications from surgery . Education . Menenses received her bachelors in communication from the Universidad Iberoamericana and a masters in political science from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ) and her doctorate in social and political science from UNAM . Journalism career . She began her career as a journalist . From 1984 to 1993 she was an anchor , reporter and writer with Canal 11 in Mexico , including lead anchor for the program Noticiero Enlace . From 1995 to 2001 she was a correspondent with Univision , covering political , economic and social stories on shows such as Noticiero Nacional , ¡Despierta América ! and Ultima Hora . She still collaborates for entities such as CNN México , Antena Radio and El Universal She has been interviewed on social and technological topics by BBC Mundo , CNN México , TV Mórfosis of the Universidad de Guadalajara , Univisión Noticias , TV Azteca and others as a writer and as a guest commentator . Academic career . After a twenty-year career in journalism and mass media , she decided to change to academia . At the recommendation of a friend , she sent her resume to the Tec de Monterrey , Mexico City Campus in 2001 and was offered the chance to teach classes part-time . She wanted to teach but did not expect it to develop to anything more . However , in 2002 she was offered the position of director of the journalism and mass media major at the school , which she accepted despite thinking the position may only last a few years . However , in 2008 , she became the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , a research and consulting organization of the Tec de Monterrey . Research projects include media , the Internet , cyberculture and new technologies . Consulting is offered to government , NGOs and the information technology industry in newsrooms convergence , video journalism , broadcast journalism and electronic journalism . Her research work made her a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores ( Level 1 ) . Meneses authored two books : Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) and coauthored Internet y campañas electorales en México . La oportunidad postergada with Jacob Bañuelos ( 2009 ) . She has contributed chapters in books such as Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo III ( 2013 ) , TV Morfosis . Hacia una sociedad de Redes ( 2012 ) , La sociedad de la Información en Iberoamérica . Estudio Multidisciplinar ( 2012 ) , Sociedad Red en Cultura Tecnológica , Ciencia e Innovación ( 2012 ) , ¿Comunicación Posmasiva ? Revisando los entramados comunicacionales y los paradigmas teóricos para comprenderlos ( 2012 ) , Panorama de la comunicación en México . Desafíos para la calidad y la diversidad ( 2010 ) and Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo II ( 2009 ) . In addition to her work on campus , she was one of the directors of the Virtualis blog of the El Universal newspaper , which comments on technology and society , a board member at civil organizations as Center of Journalism and Public Ethics and Fundación de Periodismo de Investigación ( MEPI ) and the editorial board at Electronic News Journal ( a peer review journal from the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . Radio and TV Division ) . She was a judge for the Gilberto Rincón Gallardo National Prize , and for the Premio Nacional del Periodismo ( National Journalimsm Prize ) . In 2013 , she was elected as president of the sociación Mexicana de Investigadores de la Comunicación . She presented at conferences on topics ranging from knowledge in society , the Internet and media . Publications . - Ciberutopías . Democracia , redes sociales y movimientos ( 2015 ) - Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) |
[
""
] | easy | Which school did María Elena Meneses Rocha go to from 1995 to 1999? | /wiki/María_Elena_Meneses_Rocha#P69#1 | María Elena Meneses Rocha María Elena Meneses Rocha ( 1 December 1961 – 14 May 2018 ) was a Mexican journalist , professor of journalism and researcher into media , communications and the Internet with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education , Mexico City . On the campus she taught and was the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , which does research and consulting in mass media and information technology . She also worked with mass media , as a writer and as a commentator for print , broadcast and Internet media , mostly commenting on information technologies . Life . Meneses was married with two daughters and lived in Mexico City . She died from complications from surgery . Education . Menenses received her bachelors in communication from the Universidad Iberoamericana and a masters in political science from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ) and her doctorate in social and political science from UNAM . Journalism career . She began her career as a journalist . From 1984 to 1993 she was an anchor , reporter and writer with Canal 11 in Mexico , including lead anchor for the program Noticiero Enlace . From 1995 to 2001 she was a correspondent with Univision , covering political , economic and social stories on shows such as Noticiero Nacional , ¡Despierta América ! and Ultima Hora . She still collaborates for entities such as CNN México , Antena Radio and El Universal She has been interviewed on social and technological topics by BBC Mundo , CNN México , TV Mórfosis of the Universidad de Guadalajara , Univisión Noticias , TV Azteca and others as a writer and as a guest commentator . Academic career . After a twenty-year career in journalism and mass media , she decided to change to academia . At the recommendation of a friend , she sent her resume to the Tec de Monterrey , Mexico City Campus in 2001 and was offered the chance to teach classes part-time . She wanted to teach but did not expect it to develop to anything more . However , in 2002 she was offered the position of director of the journalism and mass media major at the school , which she accepted despite thinking the position may only last a few years . However , in 2008 , she became the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , a research and consulting organization of the Tec de Monterrey . Research projects include media , the Internet , cyberculture and new technologies . Consulting is offered to government , NGOs and the information technology industry in newsrooms convergence , video journalism , broadcast journalism and electronic journalism . Her research work made her a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores ( Level 1 ) . Meneses authored two books : Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) and coauthored Internet y campañas electorales en México . La oportunidad postergada with Jacob Bañuelos ( 2009 ) . She has contributed chapters in books such as Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo III ( 2013 ) , TV Morfosis . Hacia una sociedad de Redes ( 2012 ) , La sociedad de la Información en Iberoamérica . Estudio Multidisciplinar ( 2012 ) , Sociedad Red en Cultura Tecnológica , Ciencia e Innovación ( 2012 ) , ¿Comunicación Posmasiva ? Revisando los entramados comunicacionales y los paradigmas teóricos para comprenderlos ( 2012 ) , Panorama de la comunicación en México . Desafíos para la calidad y la diversidad ( 2010 ) and Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo II ( 2009 ) . In addition to her work on campus , she was one of the directors of the Virtualis blog of the El Universal newspaper , which comments on technology and society , a board member at civil organizations as Center of Journalism and Public Ethics and Fundación de Periodismo de Investigación ( MEPI ) and the editorial board at Electronic News Journal ( a peer review journal from the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . Radio and TV Division ) . She was a judge for the Gilberto Rincón Gallardo National Prize , and for the Premio Nacional del Periodismo ( National Journalimsm Prize ) . In 2013 , she was elected as president of the sociación Mexicana de Investigadores de la Comunicación . She presented at conferences on topics ranging from knowledge in society , the Internet and media . Publications . - Ciberutopías . Democracia , redes sociales y movimientos ( 2015 ) - Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) |
[
""
] | easy | Which school did María Elena Meneses Rocha go to from 2007 to 2010? | /wiki/María_Elena_Meneses_Rocha#P69#2 | María Elena Meneses Rocha María Elena Meneses Rocha ( 1 December 1961 – 14 May 2018 ) was a Mexican journalist , professor of journalism and researcher into media , communications and the Internet with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education , Mexico City . On the campus she taught and was the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , which does research and consulting in mass media and information technology . She also worked with mass media , as a writer and as a commentator for print , broadcast and Internet media , mostly commenting on information technologies . Life . Meneses was married with two daughters and lived in Mexico City . She died from complications from surgery . Education . Menenses received her bachelors in communication from the Universidad Iberoamericana and a masters in political science from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ) and her doctorate in social and political science from UNAM . Journalism career . She began her career as a journalist . From 1984 to 1993 she was an anchor , reporter and writer with Canal 11 in Mexico , including lead anchor for the program Noticiero Enlace . From 1995 to 2001 she was a correspondent with Univision , covering political , economic and social stories on shows such as Noticiero Nacional , ¡Despierta América ! and Ultima Hora . She still collaborates for entities such as CNN México , Antena Radio and El Universal She has been interviewed on social and technological topics by BBC Mundo , CNN México , TV Mórfosis of the Universidad de Guadalajara , Univisión Noticias , TV Azteca and others as a writer and as a guest commentator . Academic career . After a twenty-year career in journalism and mass media , she decided to change to academia . At the recommendation of a friend , she sent her resume to the Tec de Monterrey , Mexico City Campus in 2001 and was offered the chance to teach classes part-time . She wanted to teach but did not expect it to develop to anything more . However , in 2002 she was offered the position of director of the journalism and mass media major at the school , which she accepted despite thinking the position may only last a few years . However , in 2008 , she became the coordinator of the Cátedra Sociedad de la Información , a research and consulting organization of the Tec de Monterrey . Research projects include media , the Internet , cyberculture and new technologies . Consulting is offered to government , NGOs and the information technology industry in newsrooms convergence , video journalism , broadcast journalism and electronic journalism . Her research work made her a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores ( Level 1 ) . Meneses authored two books : Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) and coauthored Internet y campañas electorales en México . La oportunidad postergada with Jacob Bañuelos ( 2009 ) . She has contributed chapters in books such as Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo III ( 2013 ) , TV Morfosis . Hacia una sociedad de Redes ( 2012 ) , La sociedad de la Información en Iberoamérica . Estudio Multidisciplinar ( 2012 ) , Sociedad Red en Cultura Tecnológica , Ciencia e Innovación ( 2012 ) , ¿Comunicación Posmasiva ? Revisando los entramados comunicacionales y los paradigmas teóricos para comprenderlos ( 2012 ) , Panorama de la comunicación en México . Desafíos para la calidad y la diversidad ( 2010 ) and Perspectivas en Comunicación y Periodismo II ( 2009 ) . In addition to her work on campus , she was one of the directors of the Virtualis blog of the El Universal newspaper , which comments on technology and society , a board member at civil organizations as Center of Journalism and Public Ethics and Fundación de Periodismo de Investigación ( MEPI ) and the editorial board at Electronic News Journal ( a peer review journal from the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication . Radio and TV Division ) . She was a judge for the Gilberto Rincón Gallardo National Prize , and for the Premio Nacional del Periodismo ( National Journalimsm Prize ) . In 2013 , she was elected as president of the sociación Mexicana de Investigadores de la Comunicación . She presented at conferences on topics ranging from knowledge in society , the Internet and media . Publications . - Ciberutopías . Democracia , redes sociales y movimientos ( 2015 ) - Periodismo Convergente . Tecnología , Medios y Periodistas en el Siglo XXI ( 2011 ) |
[
"Albert Maximilian Schmid"
] | easy | Who directed or managed Federal Office for Migration and Refugees from Jul 2000 to Nov 2010? | /wiki/Federal_Office_for_Migration_and_Refugees#P1037#0 | Federal Office for Migration and Refugees The Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for Migration and Refugees , BAMF ) is a German federal agency under the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of the Interior . It is located in the former Südkaserne ( South Barracks ) in Nuremberg . It is the central migration authority in Germany and is responsible for registration , integration and repatriation of migrants . It carries out asylum proceedings and decides about asylum applications . History . The office was founded on 12 January 1953 as Bundesdienststelle für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for the Recognition of Foreign Refugees ) in Langwasser , Nuremberg . On 18 September 2015 , during the European migrant crisis , Frank-Jürgen Weise , president of the German employment office Bundesagentur für Arbeit ( Federal Agency for Employment ) , was appointed also as chief of BAMF ; since he was not allowed to have a further paid function , he served as a head of the agency without any additional payment . Officially , the vice president of the agency took over the tasks of the office head . In 2017 BAMF reported that of the 340 000 migrants who participated German language courses during 2016 , less than half at 113 050 received a passing grade . The authority had no idea why . 2000-2018 Bribe scandal . The BAMF is alleged to have accepted bribes for granting asylum and following these allegations 18,000 asylum approvals since 2000 are to be reviewed . The Bremen office was stripped of its authority to process applications and 13 other offices are being investigated on suspicion of irregularities . Preliminary results of the revision from March 2019 showed , that asylum-proceedings had been violated in 145 cases . Prosecutors assumed at that point , that a single administrator of the BAMF had collaborated with two private lawyers and arranged preferential treatment for the clients they reported to her . Love was cited as the likely motive . Statistics . BAMF is in charge of the Central Register of Foreign Nationals ( AZR ) . It is also the national data supplier for the Eurostat in the field of asylum statistics . BAMF publishes data updated on a monthly basis concerning developments in the asylum applications filed in Germany , on the ten countries of origin with the highest number of applicants arriving , as well as on the decisions made concerning the asylum applications , and statistical data on transfer requests that have been filed in the Dublin Procedure . Structure . Arrival centres The arrival centres are the central entry point when it comes to the asylum procedure . It is in the arrival centres that all the steps are carried out under one roof which are necessary for the asylum procedure . This includes the medical examination by the Länder , the recording of the personal data and the identity check , the application , the interview and the BAMF decision on the asylum application , as well as the initial advice on access to the labour market by the local Employment Agency . Branch offices/regional offices It is in the branch offices that BAMF carries out the asylum procedure , with the filing of the application , the interview and the decision on more complex cases . Some branch offices , known as “regional offices” , offer a point of contact for the organisations operating integration activities , and are responsible for the integration work on the ground . Decision-making centres It is in the decision-making centres that the decision is taken on the asylum applications which are ready to be decided on of those applicants who have already been interviewed . This particularly relates to applications lodged by individuals from unsafe countries of origin such as Syria , Iraq and Eritrea . The decision-making centres thus take some of the strain from the arrival centres and branch offices . International cooperation . BAMF operates as Germanys national contact point for the European Asylum Support Office ( EASO ) , the European Migration Network ( EMN ) and the Asylum Migration and Integration Fund ( AMIF ) . Governance . Budget . BAMF is funded by the Federal Ministry of the Interior . In 2017 , the agency had an annual budget of around 780 million euros . Management . - Albert Maximilian Schmid ( 2000-2010 ) - Manfred Schmidt ( 2010-2015 ) - Frank-Jürgen Weise ( 2015-2016 ) - Jutta Cordt ( 2017-2018 ) - since 2018 Hans-Eckard Somme |
[
"Manfred Schmidt"
] | easy | Who directed or managed Federal Office for Migration and Refugees from Dec 2010 to Sep 2015? | /wiki/Federal_Office_for_Migration_and_Refugees#P1037#1 | Federal Office for Migration and Refugees The Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for Migration and Refugees , BAMF ) is a German federal agency under the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of the Interior . It is located in the former Südkaserne ( South Barracks ) in Nuremberg . It is the central migration authority in Germany and is responsible for registration , integration and repatriation of migrants . It carries out asylum proceedings and decides about asylum applications . History . The office was founded on 12 January 1953 as Bundesdienststelle für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for the Recognition of Foreign Refugees ) in Langwasser , Nuremberg . On 18 September 2015 , during the European migrant crisis , Frank-Jürgen Weise , president of the German employment office Bundesagentur für Arbeit ( Federal Agency for Employment ) , was appointed also as chief of BAMF ; since he was not allowed to have a further paid function , he served as a head of the agency without any additional payment . Officially , the vice president of the agency took over the tasks of the office head . In 2017 BAMF reported that of the 340 000 migrants who participated German language courses during 2016 , less than half at 113 050 received a passing grade . The authority had no idea why . 2000-2018 Bribe scandal . The BAMF is alleged to have accepted bribes for granting asylum and following these allegations 18,000 asylum approvals since 2000 are to be reviewed . The Bremen office was stripped of its authority to process applications and 13 other offices are being investigated on suspicion of irregularities . Preliminary results of the revision from March 2019 showed , that asylum-proceedings had been violated in 145 cases . Prosecutors assumed at that point , that a single administrator of the BAMF had collaborated with two private lawyers and arranged preferential treatment for the clients they reported to her . Love was cited as the likely motive . Statistics . BAMF is in charge of the Central Register of Foreign Nationals ( AZR ) . It is also the national data supplier for the Eurostat in the field of asylum statistics . BAMF publishes data updated on a monthly basis concerning developments in the asylum applications filed in Germany , on the ten countries of origin with the highest number of applicants arriving , as well as on the decisions made concerning the asylum applications , and statistical data on transfer requests that have been filed in the Dublin Procedure . Structure . Arrival centres The arrival centres are the central entry point when it comes to the asylum procedure . It is in the arrival centres that all the steps are carried out under one roof which are necessary for the asylum procedure . This includes the medical examination by the Länder , the recording of the personal data and the identity check , the application , the interview and the BAMF decision on the asylum application , as well as the initial advice on access to the labour market by the local Employment Agency . Branch offices/regional offices It is in the branch offices that BAMF carries out the asylum procedure , with the filing of the application , the interview and the decision on more complex cases . Some branch offices , known as “regional offices” , offer a point of contact for the organisations operating integration activities , and are responsible for the integration work on the ground . Decision-making centres It is in the decision-making centres that the decision is taken on the asylum applications which are ready to be decided on of those applicants who have already been interviewed . This particularly relates to applications lodged by individuals from unsafe countries of origin such as Syria , Iraq and Eritrea . The decision-making centres thus take some of the strain from the arrival centres and branch offices . International cooperation . BAMF operates as Germanys national contact point for the European Asylum Support Office ( EASO ) , the European Migration Network ( EMN ) and the Asylum Migration and Integration Fund ( AMIF ) . Governance . Budget . BAMF is funded by the Federal Ministry of the Interior . In 2017 , the agency had an annual budget of around 780 million euros . Management . - Albert Maximilian Schmid ( 2000-2010 ) - Manfred Schmidt ( 2010-2015 ) - Frank-Jürgen Weise ( 2015-2016 ) - Jutta Cordt ( 2017-2018 ) - since 2018 Hans-Eckard Somme |
[
"Jutta Cordt"
] | easy | Who directed or managed Federal Office for Migration and Refugees from 2017 to Jun 2018? | /wiki/Federal_Office_for_Migration_and_Refugees#P1037#2 | Federal Office for Migration and Refugees The Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for Migration and Refugees , BAMF ) is a German federal agency under the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of the Interior . It is located in the former Südkaserne ( South Barracks ) in Nuremberg . It is the central migration authority in Germany and is responsible for registration , integration and repatriation of migrants . It carries out asylum proceedings and decides about asylum applications . History . The office was founded on 12 January 1953 as Bundesdienststelle für die Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge ( Federal Office for the Recognition of Foreign Refugees ) in Langwasser , Nuremberg . On 18 September 2015 , during the European migrant crisis , Frank-Jürgen Weise , president of the German employment office Bundesagentur für Arbeit ( Federal Agency for Employment ) , was appointed also as chief of BAMF ; since he was not allowed to have a further paid function , he served as a head of the agency without any additional payment . Officially , the vice president of the agency took over the tasks of the office head . In 2017 BAMF reported that of the 340 000 migrants who participated German language courses during 2016 , less than half at 113 050 received a passing grade . The authority had no idea why . 2000-2018 Bribe scandal . The BAMF is alleged to have accepted bribes for granting asylum and following these allegations 18,000 asylum approvals since 2000 are to be reviewed . The Bremen office was stripped of its authority to process applications and 13 other offices are being investigated on suspicion of irregularities . Preliminary results of the revision from March 2019 showed , that asylum-proceedings had been violated in 145 cases . Prosecutors assumed at that point , that a single administrator of the BAMF had collaborated with two private lawyers and arranged preferential treatment for the clients they reported to her . Love was cited as the likely motive . Statistics . BAMF is in charge of the Central Register of Foreign Nationals ( AZR ) . It is also the national data supplier for the Eurostat in the field of asylum statistics . BAMF publishes data updated on a monthly basis concerning developments in the asylum applications filed in Germany , on the ten countries of origin with the highest number of applicants arriving , as well as on the decisions made concerning the asylum applications , and statistical data on transfer requests that have been filed in the Dublin Procedure . Structure . Arrival centres The arrival centres are the central entry point when it comes to the asylum procedure . It is in the arrival centres that all the steps are carried out under one roof which are necessary for the asylum procedure . This includes the medical examination by the Länder , the recording of the personal data and the identity check , the application , the interview and the BAMF decision on the asylum application , as well as the initial advice on access to the labour market by the local Employment Agency . Branch offices/regional offices It is in the branch offices that BAMF carries out the asylum procedure , with the filing of the application , the interview and the decision on more complex cases . Some branch offices , known as “regional offices” , offer a point of contact for the organisations operating integration activities , and are responsible for the integration work on the ground . Decision-making centres It is in the decision-making centres that the decision is taken on the asylum applications which are ready to be decided on of those applicants who have already been interviewed . This particularly relates to applications lodged by individuals from unsafe countries of origin such as Syria , Iraq and Eritrea . The decision-making centres thus take some of the strain from the arrival centres and branch offices . International cooperation . BAMF operates as Germanys national contact point for the European Asylum Support Office ( EASO ) , the European Migration Network ( EMN ) and the Asylum Migration and Integration Fund ( AMIF ) . Governance . Budget . BAMF is funded by the Federal Ministry of the Interior . In 2017 , the agency had an annual budget of around 780 million euros . Management . - Albert Maximilian Schmid ( 2000-2010 ) - Manfred Schmidt ( 2010-2015 ) - Frank-Jürgen Weise ( 2015-2016 ) - Jutta Cordt ( 2017-2018 ) - since 2018 Hans-Eckard Somme |
[
"Georgia"
] | easy | The headquarter of 62nd Fighter Squadron was located in where from 1941 to 1942? | /wiki/62nd_Fighter_Squadron#P159#0 | 62nd Fighter Squadron The 62d Fighter Squadron is part of the United States Air Force 56th Operations Group at Luke Air Force Base , Arizona . It operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II aircraft conducting advanced fighter training . Mission . The 62d Fighter Squadron ( Spikes , Tailband : White & Blue ) operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II , conducting pilot training for active duty USAF pilots . History . World War II . The 62d Fighter Squadron was activated as the 62d Pursuit Squadron , one of the original three squadrons of the 56th Pursuit Group at Army Air Base Savannah , Georgia , on 15 January 1941 . The squadron immediately began training for its wartime missions under III Fighter Command , rapidly transitioning through the Seversky P-35 , Curtiss P-36 , Bell P-39 Airacobra , and Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft . On 7 December 1941 , the 62d stepped up to defend the Northeastern United States from anticipated enemy air attack while it converted to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and prepared to deploy overseas , operating under the I Fighter Command , New York Fighter Wing in the early months of 1942 . It was redesignated 62d Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942 , and deployed to RAF Kings Cliffe , England on 9 January 1943 . It was declared operationally ready two months later and flew its first combat missions 13 April . The squadron was given fuselage code LM and operated from several RAF stations during the war , flying the P-47 Thunderbolt as an VIII Fighter Command bomber-escort unit for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and beginning in 1944 for Consolidated B-24 Liberators attacking enemy targets in Occupied Europe . After the end of the war in Europe , the squadron was inactivated on 18 October 1945 . Strategic Fighter Escort Squadron . The squadron was reactivated on 1 May 1946 as a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) escort fighter group , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force at Selfridge Field , Michigan , equipped with long-range North American P-51H Mustangs that had been developed for Twentieth Air Force bomber escort missions in the Pacific Theater . The mission of the squadron was to provide fighter escort of SACs Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers on intercontinental strategic bombardment missions , deploying to Alaska and Europe in this role . In 1947 , the squadron was upgraded to Lockheed P-80C Shooting Stars , as SAC introduced the Boeing B-50 Superfortress in the late 1940s . The squadron trained to maintain proficiency as a mobile strike force ; including bomber escort mission until transferred from Strategic Air Command to Continental Air Command on 1 December 1948 . Air Defense Command . The squadron began performing air defense missions in 1950 with its relocation to OHare International Airport , Chicago in 1950 . It was redesignated as the 62d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 20 January 1950 , and re-equipped with the North American F-86D Sabre . It was assigned to Air Defense Command 4706th Defense Wing in February 1952 . In 1955 , the 56th was reactivated under ADC as an Air Defense Group with the 62d being a tactical interceptor squadron . In 1959 with interceptors being moved from OHare the squadron moved to K.I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan , and the 62d was re-equipped with the Mach 2+ McDonnell F-101B Voodoo two-seat interceptor . The F-101B proved to be a quite successful interceptor . assigned alongside the F-101B interceptor was the F-101F operational and conversion trainer . The two-seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls , but carried the same armament as the F-101B and were fully combat-capable . The squadron maintained alert against the ever-present Soviet bomber threat . On 22 October 1962 , before President John F . Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba , the squadron dispersed one third of its force , equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Phelps Collins Air National Guard Base at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis . These planes returned to K.I . Sawyer after the crisis . A highlight from this era was the squadron capturing top F-101 squadron honors at the William Tell 1965 , USAF Worldwide Weapons Meet . The squadron maintained the air defense alert until it was inactivated on 30 April 1970 , with its aircraft being passed along to the Air National Guard . The 62d was the last active-duty squadron equipped with the F-101B . The squadron was replaced by the 87th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron flying Convair F-106A Delta Darts Tactical Air Command . On 1 September 1974 , the 62d was reactivated at Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida , as a fighter training unit . The squadron assumed the mission of training McDonnell F-4E Phantom II and Convair F-106 Delta Dart weapons instructors at the United States Air Force Interceptor Weapons School . The following October , the squadron moved again , this time to rejoin the 56th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , and began training F-4 crews for tactical units around the world . 62d aircraft carried a blue fin cap , tail coded MC . In April 1978 , the squadron changed equipment to the F-4D , with the E models being transferred to operational squadrons . The last F-4D flight occurred on 14 November 1980 , and conversion began to the General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon began that month . On 1 January 1981 , the squadron transitioned to the Fighting Falcon and the squadron was redesignated as the 62d Tactical Fighter Training Squadron . Beginning in June 1989 the unit converted to the Block 30 model of the F-16C and F-16D . On 1 November 1991 the squadron was once again redesignated back to what it was in World War II as the 62d Fighter Squadron with the adoption of the objective organization plan by the wing . Move and transfer to training command . With the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s it was announced that MacDill would close . The squadrons of the 56th Fighter Wing would be inactivated starting with the 72d Fighter Squadron sequentially from the highest numbered to the lowest , the 61st Fighter Squadron . Therefore , the 62d Fighter Squadron was second to last to inactivate . The squadron , however , continued to train fighter pilots until its inactivation on 12 May 1993 to prepare for the move to Luke Air Force Base , Arizona where it would continue as an F-16 training squadron . The squadron was able to reactivate at Luke on 18 March 1994 . Pilot training for students assigned to the 62d is a standard syllabus , one that gets students their first look at the F-16 and prepare them for service with active duty units . The squadrons mission is to Graduate flight pilots who meet or exceed syllabus standards and their gaining units expectations . Teach the B-course students what it means to be a fighter pilot . Actively promote quality of life and provide opportunities for personal and professional growth . Lineage . - Constituted as the 62d Pursuit Squadron ( Interceptor ) on 20 November 1940 - Activated on 1 May 1946 - Redesignated 62d Fighter-Interceptor Training Squadron on 15 August 1974 - Activated on 18 March 1994 Assignments . - 56th Pursuit Group ( later 56th Fighter Group ) , 15 January 1941 – 18 October 1945 - 56th Fighter Grlup ( later 56th Fighter-Interceptor Group ) , 1 May 1946 ( attached to Alaskan Provisional Wing , c . 28 December 1946 – c . 10 April 1947 ; 30th Air Division , c . 28 July 1950 – 30 April 1951 , 142d Fighter Interceptor Group , 1 May 1951 – 5 February 1952 ) - 4706th Defense Wing , 6 February 1952 - 501st Air Defense Group , 16 February 1953 - 56th Fighter Group , 18 August 1955 ( attached to 473d Fighter Group , 1 August–30 September 1959 ) - 56th Fighter Wing , 1 February 1961 - Duluth Air Defense Sector , 16 December 1963 - 29th Air Division , 1 April 1966 - 34th Air Division , 15 September 1969 - 29th Air Division , 14 November 1969 - 23d Air Division , 19 November 1969 – 30 April 1971 - Air Defense Weapons Center , 1 September 1974 - 56th Tactical Fighter Wing ( later 56th Tactical Training Wing , 56th Fighter Wing ) , 30 June 1975 - 56th Operations Group , 1 November 1991 – 14 May 1993 - 58th Operations Group , 18 March 1994 - 56th Operations Group , 1 April 1994 – present Stations . - Army Air Base , Savannah , Georgia , 15 January 1941 - Charlotte Army Air Base , North Carolina , 26 May 1941 ( deployed to Myrtle Beach Municipal Airport , South Carolina October - November 1941 ) - Bluethenthal Field , North Carolina , 10 December 1941 - Bendix Airport , New Jersey , 17 January 1942 - Newark Army Air Base , New Jersey , 31 May 1942 - Bradley Field , Connecticut , 23 July-27 December 1942 - RAF Kings Cliffe ( AAF-367 ) , England , 12 January 1943 - RAF Horsham St Faith ( AAF-123 ) , England , 5 April 1943 - RAF Halesworth ( AAF-365 ) , England , 9 July 1943 - RAF Boxted ( AAF-150 ) , England , 19 April 1944 - RAF Debden ( AAF-356 ) , England , 15 September-11 October 1945 - Camp Kilmer , New Jersey , 16–18 October 1945 - Selfridge Field ( later Selfridge Air Fore Base ) , Michigan , 1 May 1946 ( deployed to Ladd Field , Alaska 28 December 1946 – 10 April 1947 , Oscoda Air Force Base , Michigan 1 April – 6 June 1949 ) - OHare Field-Chicago International Aprt ( later OHare International Airport ) , IL , 4 August 1950 ( deployed at K . I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan after 1 August 1959 ) - K . I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan , 1 October 1959 – 30 April 1971 - Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida , 1 September 1974 - MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , 30 June 1975 – 14 May 1993 - Luke Air Force Base , Arizona , 18 March 1994 – present Aircraft . - Seversky P-35 ( 1941 ) - Curtiss P-36 Hawk ( 1941–1942 ) - Bell P-39 Airacobra ( 1941–1942 ) - Curtiss P-40 Warhawk ( 1941–1942 ) - Republic P-47 Thunderbolt ( 1942–1945 , 1946 ) - North American P-51 Mustang ( 1946–1947 ) - Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star ( 1947–1950 ) - North American F-86A Sabre , ( 1951–1953 ) - North American F-86D Sabre ( 1953–1959 ) - McDonnell F-101B Voodoo ( 1959–1971 ) - Convair F-106 Delta Dart ( 1974–1975 ) - McDonnell F-4 Phantom II ( 1974–1980 ) - General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ( 1980–1993 , 1994–2015 ) - Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II ( 2015–present ) References . Notes . - Explanatory notes - Citations Bibliography . - Maurer , Maurer . Combat Squadrons of the Air Force : World War II . Maxwell Air Force Base , Alabama : Office of Air Force History , 1982 . - McMullen , Richard F . ( 1964 ) The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962-1964 ADC Historical Study No . 27 , Air Defense Command , Ent Air Force Base , CO ( Confidential , declassified 22 Mar 2000 ) - NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis , Historical Reference Paper No . 8 , Directorate of Command History Continental Air Defense Command , Ent AFB , CO , 1 Feb 63 ( Top Secret NOFORN declassified 9 March 1996 ) - ADCOMs Fighter Interceptor Squadrons . The Interceptor ( January 1979 ) Aerospace Defense Command , ( Volume 21 , Number 1 ) External links . - 56th Operations Group Fact Sheet |
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] | easy | Where was the headquarter of 62nd Fighter Squadron located from 1943 to 1945? | /wiki/62nd_Fighter_Squadron#P159#1 | 62nd Fighter Squadron The 62d Fighter Squadron is part of the United States Air Force 56th Operations Group at Luke Air Force Base , Arizona . It operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II aircraft conducting advanced fighter training . Mission . The 62d Fighter Squadron ( Spikes , Tailband : White & Blue ) operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II , conducting pilot training for active duty USAF pilots . History . World War II . The 62d Fighter Squadron was activated as the 62d Pursuit Squadron , one of the original three squadrons of the 56th Pursuit Group at Army Air Base Savannah , Georgia , on 15 January 1941 . The squadron immediately began training for its wartime missions under III Fighter Command , rapidly transitioning through the Seversky P-35 , Curtiss P-36 , Bell P-39 Airacobra , and Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft . On 7 December 1941 , the 62d stepped up to defend the Northeastern United States from anticipated enemy air attack while it converted to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and prepared to deploy overseas , operating under the I Fighter Command , New York Fighter Wing in the early months of 1942 . It was redesignated 62d Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942 , and deployed to RAF Kings Cliffe , England on 9 January 1943 . It was declared operationally ready two months later and flew its first combat missions 13 April . The squadron was given fuselage code LM and operated from several RAF stations during the war , flying the P-47 Thunderbolt as an VIII Fighter Command bomber-escort unit for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and beginning in 1944 for Consolidated B-24 Liberators attacking enemy targets in Occupied Europe . After the end of the war in Europe , the squadron was inactivated on 18 October 1945 . Strategic Fighter Escort Squadron . The squadron was reactivated on 1 May 1946 as a Strategic Air Command ( SAC ) escort fighter group , being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force at Selfridge Field , Michigan , equipped with long-range North American P-51H Mustangs that had been developed for Twentieth Air Force bomber escort missions in the Pacific Theater . The mission of the squadron was to provide fighter escort of SACs Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers on intercontinental strategic bombardment missions , deploying to Alaska and Europe in this role . In 1947 , the squadron was upgraded to Lockheed P-80C Shooting Stars , as SAC introduced the Boeing B-50 Superfortress in the late 1940s . The squadron trained to maintain proficiency as a mobile strike force ; including bomber escort mission until transferred from Strategic Air Command to Continental Air Command on 1 December 1948 . Air Defense Command . The squadron began performing air defense missions in 1950 with its relocation to OHare International Airport , Chicago in 1950 . It was redesignated as the 62d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 20 January 1950 , and re-equipped with the North American F-86D Sabre . It was assigned to Air Defense Command 4706th Defense Wing in February 1952 . In 1955 , the 56th was reactivated under ADC as an Air Defense Group with the 62d being a tactical interceptor squadron . In 1959 with interceptors being moved from OHare the squadron moved to K.I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan , and the 62d was re-equipped with the Mach 2+ McDonnell F-101B Voodoo two-seat interceptor . The F-101B proved to be a quite successful interceptor . assigned alongside the F-101B interceptor was the F-101F operational and conversion trainer . The two-seat trainer version was equipped with dual controls , but carried the same armament as the F-101B and were fully combat-capable . The squadron maintained alert against the ever-present Soviet bomber threat . On 22 October 1962 , before President John F . Kennedy told Americans that missiles were in place in Cuba , the squadron dispersed one third of its force , equipped with nuclear tipped missiles to Phelps Collins Air National Guard Base at the start of the Cuban Missile Crisis . These planes returned to K.I . Sawyer after the crisis . A highlight from this era was the squadron capturing top F-101 squadron honors at the William Tell 1965 , USAF Worldwide Weapons Meet . The squadron maintained the air defense alert until it was inactivated on 30 April 1970 , with its aircraft being passed along to the Air National Guard . The 62d was the last active-duty squadron equipped with the F-101B . The squadron was replaced by the 87th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron flying Convair F-106A Delta Darts Tactical Air Command . On 1 September 1974 , the 62d was reactivated at Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida , as a fighter training unit . The squadron assumed the mission of training McDonnell F-4E Phantom II and Convair F-106 Delta Dart weapons instructors at the United States Air Force Interceptor Weapons School . The following October , the squadron moved again , this time to rejoin the 56th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , and began training F-4 crews for tactical units around the world . 62d aircraft carried a blue fin cap , tail coded MC . In April 1978 , the squadron changed equipment to the F-4D , with the E models being transferred to operational squadrons . The last F-4D flight occurred on 14 November 1980 , and conversion began to the General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon began that month . On 1 January 1981 , the squadron transitioned to the Fighting Falcon and the squadron was redesignated as the 62d Tactical Fighter Training Squadron . Beginning in June 1989 the unit converted to the Block 30 model of the F-16C and F-16D . On 1 November 1991 the squadron was once again redesignated back to what it was in World War II as the 62d Fighter Squadron with the adoption of the objective organization plan by the wing . Move and transfer to training command . With the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s it was announced that MacDill would close . The squadrons of the 56th Fighter Wing would be inactivated starting with the 72d Fighter Squadron sequentially from the highest numbered to the lowest , the 61st Fighter Squadron . Therefore , the 62d Fighter Squadron was second to last to inactivate . The squadron , however , continued to train fighter pilots until its inactivation on 12 May 1993 to prepare for the move to Luke Air Force Base , Arizona where it would continue as an F-16 training squadron . The squadron was able to reactivate at Luke on 18 March 1994 . Pilot training for students assigned to the 62d is a standard syllabus , one that gets students their first look at the F-16 and prepare them for service with active duty units . The squadrons mission is to Graduate flight pilots who meet or exceed syllabus standards and their gaining units expectations . Teach the B-course students what it means to be a fighter pilot . Actively promote quality of life and provide opportunities for personal and professional growth . Lineage . - Constituted as the 62d Pursuit Squadron ( Interceptor ) on 20 November 1940 - Activated on 1 May 1946 - Redesignated 62d Fighter-Interceptor Training Squadron on 15 August 1974 - Activated on 18 March 1994 Assignments . - 56th Pursuit Group ( later 56th Fighter Group ) , 15 January 1941 – 18 October 1945 - 56th Fighter Grlup ( later 56th Fighter-Interceptor Group ) , 1 May 1946 ( attached to Alaskan Provisional Wing , c . 28 December 1946 – c . 10 April 1947 ; 30th Air Division , c . 28 July 1950 – 30 April 1951 , 142d Fighter Interceptor Group , 1 May 1951 – 5 February 1952 ) - 4706th Defense Wing , 6 February 1952 - 501st Air Defense Group , 16 February 1953 - 56th Fighter Group , 18 August 1955 ( attached to 473d Fighter Group , 1 August–30 September 1959 ) - 56th Fighter Wing , 1 February 1961 - Duluth Air Defense Sector , 16 December 1963 - 29th Air Division , 1 April 1966 - 34th Air Division , 15 September 1969 - 29th Air Division , 14 November 1969 - 23d Air Division , 19 November 1969 – 30 April 1971 - Air Defense Weapons Center , 1 September 1974 - 56th Tactical Fighter Wing ( later 56th Tactical Training Wing , 56th Fighter Wing ) , 30 June 1975 - 56th Operations Group , 1 November 1991 – 14 May 1993 - 58th Operations Group , 18 March 1994 - 56th Operations Group , 1 April 1994 – present Stations . - Army Air Base , Savannah , Georgia , 15 January 1941 - Charlotte Army Air Base , North Carolina , 26 May 1941 ( deployed to Myrtle Beach Municipal Airport , South Carolina October - November 1941 ) - Bluethenthal Field , North Carolina , 10 December 1941 - Bendix Airport , New Jersey , 17 January 1942 - Newark Army Air Base , New Jersey , 31 May 1942 - Bradley Field , Connecticut , 23 July-27 December 1942 - RAF Kings Cliffe ( AAF-367 ) , England , 12 January 1943 - RAF Horsham St Faith ( AAF-123 ) , England , 5 April 1943 - RAF Halesworth ( AAF-365 ) , England , 9 July 1943 - RAF Boxted ( AAF-150 ) , England , 19 April 1944 - RAF Debden ( AAF-356 ) , England , 15 September-11 October 1945 - Camp Kilmer , New Jersey , 16–18 October 1945 - Selfridge Field ( later Selfridge Air Fore Base ) , Michigan , 1 May 1946 ( deployed to Ladd Field , Alaska 28 December 1946 – 10 April 1947 , Oscoda Air Force Base , Michigan 1 April – 6 June 1949 ) - OHare Field-Chicago International Aprt ( later OHare International Airport ) , IL , 4 August 1950 ( deployed at K . I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan after 1 August 1959 ) - K . I . Sawyer Air Force Base , Michigan , 1 October 1959 – 30 April 1971 - Tyndall Air Force Base , Florida , 1 September 1974 - MacDill Air Force Base , Florida , 30 June 1975 – 14 May 1993 - Luke Air Force Base , Arizona , 18 March 1994 – present Aircraft . - Seversky P-35 ( 1941 ) - Curtiss P-36 Hawk ( 1941–1942 ) - Bell P-39 Airacobra ( 1941–1942 ) - Curtiss P-40 Warhawk ( 1941–1942 ) - Republic P-47 Thunderbolt ( 1942–1945 , 1946 ) - North American P-51 Mustang ( 1946–1947 ) - Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star ( 1947–1950 ) - North American F-86A Sabre , ( 1951–1953 ) - North American F-86D Sabre ( 1953–1959 ) - McDonnell F-101B Voodoo ( 1959–1971 ) - Convair F-106 Delta Dart ( 1974–1975 ) - McDonnell F-4 Phantom II ( 1974–1980 ) - General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon ( 1980–1993 , 1994–2015 ) - Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II ( 2015–present ) References . Notes . - Explanatory notes - Citations Bibliography . - Maurer , Maurer . Combat Squadrons of the Air Force : World War II . Maxwell Air Force Base , Alabama : Office of Air Force History , 1982 . - McMullen , Richard F . ( 1964 ) The Fighter Interceptor Force 1962-1964 ADC Historical Study No . 27 , Air Defense Command , Ent Air Force Base , CO ( Confidential , declassified 22 Mar 2000 ) - NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis , Historical Reference Paper No . 8 , Directorate of Command History Continental Air Defense Command , Ent AFB , CO , 1 Feb 63 ( Top Secret NOFORN declassified 9 March 1996 ) - ADCOMs Fighter Interceptor Squadrons . The Interceptor ( January 1979 ) Aerospace Defense Command , ( Volume 21 , Number 1 ) External links . - 56th Operations Group Fact Sheet |
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"Minister of Public Security"
] | easy | What position did Trần Đại Quang take from Aug 2011 to Apr 2016? | /wiki/Trần_Đại_Quang#P39#0 | Trần Đại Quang Trần Đại Quang ( 12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018 ) was a Vietnamese politician who was the eighth President of Vietnam , in office from 2 April 2016 until his death in 2018 . Trần Đại Quang was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam , and nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang who retired from office . Trần Đại Quang was one of the countrys top leaders , along with the Communist Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng ( the de facto leader ) . Trần Đại Quang previously served as Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016 , Vice Head of Committee on HIV / AIDS Prevention from 2011 to 2014 , and President of the Viet Nam Red Cross Society from 2017 to 2018 . He was a member of the 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam , in which he was ranked second , after General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng . Trần Đại Quang joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on 26 July 1980 and became officially party member on 26 July 1981 . And from 1997 he became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam and a member of the Central Committee of the party . At the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2016 Trần Đại Quang was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on 2 April 2016 by the National Assembly of Vietnam . On that day , he succeeded Trương Tấn Sang . On the same day he proposed Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as the new head of government . He died in office on 21 September 2018 , from a viral disease , aged 61 . Early life . Trần Đại Quang was born on 12 October 1956 in Ninh Bình Province , in what was then the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . His father worked as a fish catcher in the river , while his mother worked as a banana seller . They had six children , four of them boys . Later his father died . His mother struggled to raise the children . Trần Đại Quang helped his mother in farming . He was very well known for hard work , dedication , composure and calm qualities . Honors . - Fatherland Defense Order ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2015 ) - Order of José Martí ( 2016 ) - Order of National Gold ( 2017 ) - Military Exploit Order 2nd class - Military Exploit Order 3rd class - Feat Order 1st class - Feat Order 2nd class - Feat Order 3rd class - Friendship Order 1st class Personal life . Trần Đại Quang was married to Madam Nguyễn Thị Hiền , who performed ceremonial functions as the First Lady of Vietnam . Trần Đại Quang was the second son in the family of four brothers Vinh , Quang , Sáng , Tỏ , and two sisters . His youngest brother is Trần Quốc Tỏ party secretary for Thái Nguyên Province . Death . Trần Đại Quang died at the 108 Military Central Hospital on 21 September 2018 in Hanoi from complications of a viral disease at the age of 61 while in office . On 27 September , a memorial service was held in Hanoi , followed by a procession to his home town in Kim Sơn District , Ninh Binh where he was buried . The service was attended by many Vietnamese politicians and foreign dignitaries , including - Secretary General of the WFTU , George Mavrikos - Secretary General of ASEAN , Lim Jock Hoi - Vice President of the United States , Mike Pence - President of Vietnam , Nguyễn Phú Trọng and top Vietnamese politicians - Prime Minister of Cambodia , Hun Sen - Vice President of Laos , Phankham Viphavanh - Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore , Teo Chee Hean - Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia , Wan Azizah Wan Ismail - Special Envoy of the President of Indonesia , Ma’ruf Amin - Foreign Minister of Thailand , Don Pramudwinai - Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of China , Zhao Leji - Prime Minister of South Korea , Lee Nak-yeon - Minister of Justice of Japan , Yoko Kamikawa - Former President of Mozambique , Armando Guebuza - Vice President of the State Duma of Russia , Olga Epifanova - Speaker of the Council of Belarus , Mikhail Myasnikovich - Vice President of Cuba , Roberto Morales Ojeda Published works . - Cyberspace - Future and Action , 2015 - The people have the strength to protect the National Security , 2015 |
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"President of Vietnam"
] | easy | What was the position of Trần Đại Quang in Apr 2016? | /wiki/Trần_Đại_Quang#P39#1 | Trần Đại Quang Trần Đại Quang ( 12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018 ) was a Vietnamese politician who was the eighth President of Vietnam , in office from 2 April 2016 until his death in 2018 . Trần Đại Quang was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam , and nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang who retired from office . Trần Đại Quang was one of the countrys top leaders , along with the Communist Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng ( the de facto leader ) . Trần Đại Quang previously served as Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016 , Vice Head of Committee on HIV / AIDS Prevention from 2011 to 2014 , and President of the Viet Nam Red Cross Society from 2017 to 2018 . He was a member of the 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam , in which he was ranked second , after General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng . Trần Đại Quang joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on 26 July 1980 and became officially party member on 26 July 1981 . And from 1997 he became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam and a member of the Central Committee of the party . At the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2016 Trần Đại Quang was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on 2 April 2016 by the National Assembly of Vietnam . On that day , he succeeded Trương Tấn Sang . On the same day he proposed Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as the new head of government . He died in office on 21 September 2018 , from a viral disease , aged 61 . Early life . Trần Đại Quang was born on 12 October 1956 in Ninh Bình Province , in what was then the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . His father worked as a fish catcher in the river , while his mother worked as a banana seller . They had six children , four of them boys . Later his father died . His mother struggled to raise the children . Trần Đại Quang helped his mother in farming . He was very well known for hard work , dedication , composure and calm qualities . Honors . - Fatherland Defense Order ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2015 ) - Order of José Martí ( 2016 ) - Order of National Gold ( 2017 ) - Military Exploit Order 2nd class - Military Exploit Order 3rd class - Feat Order 1st class - Feat Order 2nd class - Feat Order 3rd class - Friendship Order 1st class Personal life . Trần Đại Quang was married to Madam Nguyễn Thị Hiền , who performed ceremonial functions as the First Lady of Vietnam . Trần Đại Quang was the second son in the family of four brothers Vinh , Quang , Sáng , Tỏ , and two sisters . His youngest brother is Trần Quốc Tỏ party secretary for Thái Nguyên Province . Death . Trần Đại Quang died at the 108 Military Central Hospital on 21 September 2018 in Hanoi from complications of a viral disease at the age of 61 while in office . On 27 September , a memorial service was held in Hanoi , followed by a procession to his home town in Kim Sơn District , Ninh Binh where he was buried . The service was attended by many Vietnamese politicians and foreign dignitaries , including - Secretary General of the WFTU , George Mavrikos - Secretary General of ASEAN , Lim Jock Hoi - Vice President of the United States , Mike Pence - President of Vietnam , Nguyễn Phú Trọng and top Vietnamese politicians - Prime Minister of Cambodia , Hun Sen - Vice President of Laos , Phankham Viphavanh - Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore , Teo Chee Hean - Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia , Wan Azizah Wan Ismail - Special Envoy of the President of Indonesia , Ma’ruf Amin - Foreign Minister of Thailand , Don Pramudwinai - Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of China , Zhao Leji - Prime Minister of South Korea , Lee Nak-yeon - Minister of Justice of Japan , Yoko Kamikawa - Former President of Mozambique , Armando Guebuza - Vice President of the State Duma of Russia , Olga Epifanova - Speaker of the Council of Belarus , Mikhail Myasnikovich - Vice President of Cuba , Roberto Morales Ojeda Published works . - Cyberspace - Future and Action , 2015 - The people have the strength to protect the National Security , 2015 |
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"President of Vietnam"
] | easy | Which position did Trần Đại Quang hold from May 2016 to Sep 2018? | /wiki/Trần_Đại_Quang#P39#2 | Trần Đại Quang Trần Đại Quang ( 12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018 ) was a Vietnamese politician who was the eighth President of Vietnam , in office from 2 April 2016 until his death in 2018 . Trần Đại Quang was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam , and nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang who retired from office . Trần Đại Quang was one of the countrys top leaders , along with the Communist Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng ( the de facto leader ) . Trần Đại Quang previously served as Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016 , Vice Head of Committee on HIV / AIDS Prevention from 2011 to 2014 , and President of the Viet Nam Red Cross Society from 2017 to 2018 . He was a member of the 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam , in which he was ranked second , after General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng . Trần Đại Quang joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on 26 July 1980 and became officially party member on 26 July 1981 . And from 1997 he became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam and a member of the Central Committee of the party . At the 12th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in January 2016 Trần Đại Quang was nominated President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and confirmed on 2 April 2016 by the National Assembly of Vietnam . On that day , he succeeded Trương Tấn Sang . On the same day he proposed Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as the new head of government . He died in office on 21 September 2018 , from a viral disease , aged 61 . Early life . Trần Đại Quang was born on 12 October 1956 in Ninh Bình Province , in what was then the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . His father worked as a fish catcher in the river , while his mother worked as a banana seller . They had six children , four of them boys . Later his father died . His mother struggled to raise the children . Trần Đại Quang helped his mother in farming . He was very well known for hard work , dedication , composure and calm qualities . Honors . - Fatherland Defense Order ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2011 ) - Military Exploit Order 1st class ( 2015 ) - Order of José Martí ( 2016 ) - Order of National Gold ( 2017 ) - Military Exploit Order 2nd class - Military Exploit Order 3rd class - Feat Order 1st class - Feat Order 2nd class - Feat Order 3rd class - Friendship Order 1st class Personal life . Trần Đại Quang was married to Madam Nguyễn Thị Hiền , who performed ceremonial functions as the First Lady of Vietnam . Trần Đại Quang was the second son in the family of four brothers Vinh , Quang , Sáng , Tỏ , and two sisters . His youngest brother is Trần Quốc Tỏ party secretary for Thái Nguyên Province . Death . Trần Đại Quang died at the 108 Military Central Hospital on 21 September 2018 in Hanoi from complications of a viral disease at the age of 61 while in office . On 27 September , a memorial service was held in Hanoi , followed by a procession to his home town in Kim Sơn District , Ninh Binh where he was buried . The service was attended by many Vietnamese politicians and foreign dignitaries , including - Secretary General of the WFTU , George Mavrikos - Secretary General of ASEAN , Lim Jock Hoi - Vice President of the United States , Mike Pence - President of Vietnam , Nguyễn Phú Trọng and top Vietnamese politicians - Prime Minister of Cambodia , Hun Sen - Vice President of Laos , Phankham Viphavanh - Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore , Teo Chee Hean - Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia , Wan Azizah Wan Ismail - Special Envoy of the President of Indonesia , Ma’ruf Amin - Foreign Minister of Thailand , Don Pramudwinai - Member of the Politburo Standing Committee of China , Zhao Leji - Prime Minister of South Korea , Lee Nak-yeon - Minister of Justice of Japan , Yoko Kamikawa - Former President of Mozambique , Armando Guebuza - Vice President of the State Duma of Russia , Olga Epifanova - Speaker of the Council of Belarus , Mikhail Myasnikovich - Vice President of Cuba , Roberto Morales Ojeda Published works . - Cyberspace - Future and Action , 2015 - The people have the strength to protect the National Security , 2015 |
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] | easy | The headquarter of Middle Army Division was located in where from Sep 1965 to Sep 1966? | /wiki/Middle_Army_Division#P159#0 | Middle Army Division The Middle Army Division ( , 14 . förd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army which operated in various forms from 1941 to 1997 . Its staff was located in Linköping Garrison in Linköping . History . The Middle Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the XIV Division ( XIV . fördelningen ) , a doubling division of the IV Division . The army division was directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military Area , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1966 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to the Life Grenadier Regiment in Linköping . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 14th Division ( 14 . fördelningen ) . On 1 July 1984 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to Södermanland Regiment ( P 10/Fo 43 ) in Strängnäs . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military Area and the Eastern Military Area merged and formed the Middle Military Area . The army division , together with the Eastern Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military Area . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Eastern Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military Area . With this reorganization , the division was relocated to Linköping Garrison . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military areas would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military Area , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military area staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military Area Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at Lidingövägen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in Strängnäs Garrison . When the staff became independent on 1 July 1994 , the staff was placed to the barracks area in Linköping Garrison . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Middle Army Division used from 1994 to 1997 . Blazon : Azure , the provincial badge of Östergötland , a griffin with dragon wing and tail or , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 1995 , the Mellersta arméfördelningens förtjänstmedalj ( Middle Army Division Medal of Merit ) in silver ( MellfördSM ) of the 8th size was established . In 1997 , this medal was renamed Mellersta fördelningens ( 14.förd ) minnesmedalj ( Middle Division ( 14.förd ) Commemorative Medal ) in silver ( MellfördSMM ) . The medal ribbon is blue with red edges followed by a yellow stripe . Commanding officers . - 1941–1994 : ? - 1994–1996 : Senior Colonel Hans Berndtson - 1996–1997 : Lieutenant Colonel Anders Ihrén ( acting ) |
[
"Linköping Garrison"
] | easy | Where was the headquarter of Middle Army Division located from Oct 1966 to Jun 1984? | /wiki/Middle_Army_Division#P159#1 | Middle Army Division The Middle Army Division ( , 14 . förd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army which operated in various forms from 1941 to 1997 . Its staff was located in Linköping Garrison in Linköping . History . The Middle Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the XIV Division ( XIV . fördelningen ) , a doubling division of the IV Division . The army division was directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military Area , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1966 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to the Life Grenadier Regiment in Linköping . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 14th Division ( 14 . fördelningen ) . On 1 July 1984 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to Södermanland Regiment ( P 10/Fo 43 ) in Strängnäs . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military Area and the Eastern Military Area merged and formed the Middle Military Area . The army division , together with the Eastern Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military Area . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Eastern Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military Area . With this reorganization , the division was relocated to Linköping Garrison . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military areas would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military Area , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military area staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military Area Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at Lidingövägen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in Strängnäs Garrison . When the staff became independent on 1 July 1994 , the staff was placed to the barracks area in Linköping Garrison . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Middle Army Division used from 1994 to 1997 . Blazon : Azure , the provincial badge of Östergötland , a griffin with dragon wing and tail or , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 1995 , the Mellersta arméfördelningens förtjänstmedalj ( Middle Army Division Medal of Merit ) in silver ( MellfördSM ) of the 8th size was established . In 1997 , this medal was renamed Mellersta fördelningens ( 14.förd ) minnesmedalj ( Middle Division ( 14.förd ) Commemorative Medal ) in silver ( MellfördSMM ) . The medal ribbon is blue with red edges followed by a yellow stripe . Commanding officers . - 1941–1994 : ? - 1994–1996 : Senior Colonel Hans Berndtson - 1996–1997 : Lieutenant Colonel Anders Ihrén ( acting ) |
[
"Strängnäs Garrison"
] | easy | The headquarter of Middle Army Division was located in where from Jul 1984 to Jun 1994? | /wiki/Middle_Army_Division#P159#2 | Middle Army Division The Middle Army Division ( , 14 . förd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army which operated in various forms from 1941 to 1997 . Its staff was located in Linköping Garrison in Linköping . History . The Middle Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the XIV Division ( XIV . fördelningen ) , a doubling division of the IV Division . The army division was directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military Area , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1966 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to the Life Grenadier Regiment in Linköping . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 14th Division ( 14 . fördelningen ) . On 1 July 1984 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to Södermanland Regiment ( P 10/Fo 43 ) in Strängnäs . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military Area and the Eastern Military Area merged and formed the Middle Military Area . The army division , together with the Eastern Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military Area . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Eastern Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military Area . With this reorganization , the division was relocated to Linköping Garrison . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military areas would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military Area , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military area staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military Area Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at Lidingövägen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in Strängnäs Garrison . When the staff became independent on 1 July 1994 , the staff was placed to the barracks area in Linköping Garrison . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Middle Army Division used from 1994 to 1997 . Blazon : Azure , the provincial badge of Östergötland , a griffin with dragon wing and tail or , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 1995 , the Mellersta arméfördelningens förtjänstmedalj ( Middle Army Division Medal of Merit ) in silver ( MellfördSM ) of the 8th size was established . In 1997 , this medal was renamed Mellersta fördelningens ( 14.förd ) minnesmedalj ( Middle Division ( 14.förd ) Commemorative Medal ) in silver ( MellfördSMM ) . The medal ribbon is blue with red edges followed by a yellow stripe . Commanding officers . - 1941–1994 : ? - 1994–1996 : Senior Colonel Hans Berndtson - 1996–1997 : Lieutenant Colonel Anders Ihrén ( acting ) |
[
"Linköping Garrison"
] | easy | Where was the headquarter of Middle Army Division located from Jul 1994 to Jul 1995? | /wiki/Middle_Army_Division#P159#3 | Middle Army Division The Middle Army Division ( , 14 . förd ) , was a division of the Swedish Army which operated in various forms from 1941 to 1997 . Its staff was located in Linköping Garrison in Linköping . History . The Middle Army Division was raised on 1 August 1941 as the XIV Division ( XIV . fördelningen ) , a doubling division of the IV Division . The army division was directly subordinate to the military commander of the IV Military Area , while the Svea Life Guards was responsible for raising and mobilization of the army division staff . In 1966 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to the Life Grenadier Regiment in Linköping . On 1 October 1966 , the designation was changed from being given in Roman numerals to Arabic numerals , that is , the division was termed the 14th Division ( 14 . fördelningen ) . On 1 July 1984 , the mobilization responsibility for the army division was transferred to Södermanland Regiment ( P 10/Fo 43 ) in Strängnäs . On 1 July 1991 , the Bergslagen Military Area and the Eastern Military Area merged and formed the Middle Military Area . The army division , together with the Eastern Army Division , thus came to be subordinate to the military commander of the Middle Military Area . Through the Defence Act of 1992 , the Riksdag decided that the Swedish Armed Forces war organization should reflect the peace organization . As of 1 July 1994 , the army division staff , together with the Eastern Army Division , came to be organized as cadre-organized units within the Middle Military Area . With this reorganization , the division was relocated to Linköping Garrison . Prior to the Defence Act of 1996 , the Swedish government proposed to the Riksdag that the war organization to be reduced . Where , among other things , the three military areas would be covered by each division staff . Of the six division staffs , three with division units and 13 army brigades would be maintained . Within the Middle Military Area , the government proposed that the Middle Army Division should be disbanded . On 13 December 1996 , the Riksdag adopted the governments bill , which meant that the Middle Army Division was disbanded on 31 December 1997 . Barracks and training areas . Although the division was mobilized by other units , it was in peace time grouped together with the military area staff . When the division staff was raised , it came to be co-located with the Eastern Military Area Staff at Stureplan in Stockholm . In 1949 , the two staffs were moved to the barracks of the Life Regiment of Horse ( K 1 ) at Lidingövägen 28 in Stockholm . On 14 June 1963 , both staff were transferred to a new property complex in Strängnäs Garrison . When the staff became independent on 1 July 1994 , the staff was placed to the barracks area in Linköping Garrison . Heraldry and traditions . Coat of arms . The coat of arms of the Middle Army Division used from 1994 to 1997 . Blazon : Azure , the provincial badge of Östergötland , a griffin with dragon wing and tail or , armed and langued gules . The shield surmounted two batons , charged with open crowns azure in saltire or . Medals . In 1995 , the Mellersta arméfördelningens förtjänstmedalj ( Middle Army Division Medal of Merit ) in silver ( MellfördSM ) of the 8th size was established . In 1997 , this medal was renamed Mellersta fördelningens ( 14.förd ) minnesmedalj ( Middle Division ( 14.förd ) Commemorative Medal ) in silver ( MellfördSMM ) . The medal ribbon is blue with red edges followed by a yellow stripe . Commanding officers . - 1941–1994 : ? - 1994–1996 : Senior Colonel Hans Berndtson - 1996–1997 : Lieutenant Colonel Anders Ihrén ( acting ) |
[
"Minister of Energy and Mines"
] | easy | What position did Pedro Pablo Kuczynski take from Jul 1980 to Aug 1982? | /wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski#P39#0 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard ( ; born 3 October 1938 ) , also known simply as PPK ( ) , is a Peruvian economist , politician and public administrator who served as President of Peru from 2016 to 2018 . He was previously the Prime Minister of Peru from 2005 to 2006 . His administration ended abruptly on 23 March 2018 , following his address to the nation two days earlier , announcing his resignation from the presidency . Since 10 April 2019 he has been in pretrial detention , due to an ongoing investigation on corruption , money laundering , and connections to Odebrecht , a public works company accused of paying bribes . Kuczynski was born in the Miraflores District of Lima to a Polish Jewish father and a Swiss mother of French descent . Kuczynskis parents fled from Germany after the Nazis came to power . Kuczynski worked in the United States before entering Peruvian politics . He held positions at both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund before being designated as the general manager of Perus Central Reserve Bank . He later served as Minister of Energy and Mines in the early 1980s under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry , and as Minister of Economy and Finance and Prime Minister under President Alejandro Toledo in the 2000s . Kuczynski was a presidential candidate in the 2011 presidential election , placing third . His opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went on to the 5 June 2011 runoff election , in which Humala was elected . Kuczynski went on to stand in the 2016 election , where he narrowly defeated Fujimori in the second round . He was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . Kuczynski held U.S . citizenship until November 2015 ; he renounced it to be able to run for Perus presidency . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of Peru , which is controlled by the opposition Popular Force , initiated impeachment proceedings against Kuczynski , after he was accused of lying about receiving payments from a scandal-hit Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht in the mid-2000s . However , on 21 December 2017 , the Peruvian congress lacked the majority of votes needed to impeach Kuczynski . After further scandals and facing a second impeachment vote , Kuczynski resigned the presidency on 21 March 2018 following the release of videos showing alleged acts of vote buying , presenting his resignation to the Council of Ministers . He was succeeded as president by his First Vice President Martín Vizcarra . Kuczynski is a polyglot . Aside from his native Spanish , Kuczynski also speaks , with varying degrees of fluency , English , German , and French . Early life and education . Kuczynski was born in Miraflores , Lima , Peru , as the first son of Madeleine ( née Godard ) and Maxime Hans Kuczyński , one of the earliest public health leaders in Peru . His parents fled Germany in 1933 to escape from Nazism . His father , born in Berlin , then capital city of the German Empire , was a German Jew of distant Polish origin , and his mother was Protestant , of Swiss-French descent . Entering Peru in 1936 , Maxime Kuczyński sent his son to receive his early education at Markham College in Lima , and the Rossall School ( Lancashire , England ) , where he was a pupil in the Maltese Cross House between 1953 and 1956 . He won a foundation scholarship to study at Exeter College , Oxford , and graduated with a degree in politics , philosophy and economics in 1960 . Later , he received the John Parker Compton fellowship to study public affairs at Princeton University in the United States , where he received a masters degree in 1961 . He began his career at the World Bank in 1961 as a regional economist for six countries in Central America , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . In 1967 , Kuczynski returned to Peru to work at the countrys central bank during the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde . Kuczynski went into exile in the United States in 1969 due to political persecution after Belaundes government fell to the military dictatorship of General Juan Velasco Alvarado in a coup détat . The newly installed government accused Kuczynski of funnelling about $18 million ( equivalent to $115 million in 2016 ) to Nelson Rockefeller’s International Petroleum Company . He joined the World Bank as the chief economist managing the northern countries of Latin America , moving on to become Chief of Policy Planning . From 1973 to 1975 , he was a partner of Kuhn , Loeb & Co. , the international investment bank headquartered in New York City . In 1975 , he returned to Washington , D.C . to become chief economist for the International Finance Corporation , the private finance arm of the World Bank . Subsequently , he was appointed President of Halco Mining in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , an international consortium mining company with operations in West Africa . From 1983 to 1992 , he was co-chairman of First Boston in New York City , an international investment bank . In 1992 , he founded , with six other partners , the Latin American Enterprise Fund ( LAEF ) in Miami , Florida , a private equity firm that focused on investments in Mexico , Central and South America . The institutional investors in LAEF included more than 15 of the worlds largest university endowments , foundations , and pension funds . in 1983 , he was a founding member of the Inter-American Dialogue and remained a member until 1997 . Early political career . Involvement in politics . In 1980 , following the election of Fernando Belaúnde Terry as president , Kuczynski was invited to return to Peru to serve as Minister of Energy and Mines . In this position , he sponsored law 23231 which , through tax exemptions and other incentives , promoted oil and gas exploration and exploitation after a period of relative neglect . Kuczynski resigned in 1982 and returned to the private sector in the United States . During the second round of the 2016 presidential campaign , he claimed that he had left Peru due to the threats and attacks from the Shining Path insurgent group : Lets remember that the terrorists not only hung my effigy on the zanjón ( a local denomination for Paseo de La República avenue in Lima ) and in San Martín square , but they attacked my apartment . Just as 3 million Peruvians , I left the country . This was in response to an attack by election opponent Keiko Fujimori ( daughter of then-imprisoned former president Alberto Fujimori and main rival of PPK in the second round of elections ) who claimed that Kuczynski did not have moral authority to speak of terrorism . During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s , Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private-equity fund-management business in the United States . He made small personal donations to the presidential campaigns of George H.W . Bush and of George W . Bush and to the state-senator campaign of his wifes cousin in Wisconsin . He additionally made donations to New York Senator Chuck Schumer and New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley In 2000 , Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , then an economics professor at the ESAN University in Lima . After Toledo was elected president in the 2001 Peruvian general election , Kuczynski served as Minister of Economy and Finance from July 2001 to July 2002 , and again from February 2004 to August 2005 . In August 2005 , he was appointed as Prime Minister , a position he held until the end of Toledos presidential term in 2006 . In 2007 , Manuel Dammert , a sociologist and politician , alleged that Kuczynski was involved in facilitating the activities , in various projects in Peru , of a financial entity known as First Capital Partners , in particular in relation to the Olmos diversion project , the Jorge Chávez International Airport , the Transportadora de Gas , and the Conrisa consortium . Former partners of Kuczynski in the Latin American Enterprise Fund had reportedly inaccurately listed Kuczynski as a founding partner of First Capital but corrected the error shortly afterwards . In consequence , Kuczynski sued Dammert for defamation and falsification of documents . Kuczynski prevailed at the first and second instance , but , on appeal , Perus Supreme Court upheld Dammerts right to ask questions on matters of public interest , without ruling on the merits of Dammerts claims . These claims have been denied extensively by Kuczynski . After working with the Toledo administration , Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia , a Peruvian non-governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru . Agua Limpia is supported by the Inter-American Development Bank , Scotia Bank of Canada and others . He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2011 , but later went on to win the 2016 Peruvian general election against Keiko Fujimori , becoming the 66th President of Peru until March 2018 . Central Reserve Bank of Peru . Kuczynski returned to Peru in 1966 to support the government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry , as an economic adviser . He was appointed manager of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru . After the coup détat against President Belaúnde on October 3 , 1968 , BCR managers Carlos Rodríguez Pastor Mendoza , Richard Webb Duarte and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski were accused of granting foreign currency certificates to the International Petroleum Company , allowing this company to remit $115 million of current profits to Standard Oil , its parent company in the United States . Due to this Kuczynski was forced to take refuge in the United States . After a judicial process that lasted eight years , the Supreme Court of Justice of Peru acquitted Kuczynski , and other BCR officials , of all charges . Minister of Energy and Mines . In 1980 , Kuczynski returned to Peru and collaborated in the election campaign of Belaúnde Terry , who was elected at his second and last non-consecutive term , and appointed Kuczynski as the Minister of Energy and Mines . As Minister , he promoted Law No . 23231 , which promoted energy and oil exploitation ; However , the so-called Kuczynski Law was not exempt from controversy because of the tax exemptions granted to foreign oil companies . In December 1985 it was repealed . Minister of Economy and Finance . During the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , Kuczynski worked as the head of government planning team . He was later appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance . As such , he made numerous agreements with the International Monetary Fund to help fulfill the goals in the neoliberal economic policies outlined by Peru . However , he was criticized on countless occasions by Alan García , the main leader of opposition to the government . Prime Minister . After the increase in social protests in Arequipa due to the privatization of electric companies , he resigned on July 11 , 2002 . He returned to office on February 16 , 2004 , and was appointed as the President of the Council of Ministers of Peru before the resignation of Carlos Ferrero Costa . Pedro Pablo Kuczynski appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs on August 16 , 2005 and appointed Fernando Zavala as the Minister of Economy . He remained in the premier until July 2006 . 2011 presidential election . On 1 December 2010 , Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President of Peru in the upcoming elections . Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election , though he did not pass into the run-off as head of the Alianza por el Gran Cambio ( Alliance for the Great Change ) , formed by the Christian Peoples Party , the Alliance for Progress , the Humanist Party and the National Restoration Party . He took third place in the vote , his opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went to the second round of elections on June 5 , 2011 , in which Humala was elected president of the country . 2016 presidential campaign . In 2015 , he announced that he would again be running for president , but now with a political party which he had built himself ( Peruanos Por el Kambio , PPK ) . Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Perus general elections on April 10 , 2016 , to qualify for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori , in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the vote to Fujimoris 49.88% , a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen million cast . Barely a week before the second round of voting , when trailing Keiko , Kuczynski received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza ( 18.82% ) , Perus leading left-wing candidate , in an effort to defeat Fujimori . Keikos party , Fuerza Popular , has an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats ; PPK trails with 18 . Presidency . Kuczynski was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . At age 77 , he was the oldest President to take office . As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national life , Kuczynskis government supported the use of indigenous languages in Peru , with the state-run TV station starting to broadcast in December 2016 a daily news program in Quechua and in April 2017 one in Aymara . The Presidents state-of-the-union address was simultaneously translated into Quechua in July 2017 . Almost immediately after winning the election , Kuczynski , despite previous public statements in support of social conservatism , appointed nearly all his ministers from the left ( including many of Toledos ex-ministers ) , and his government quickly became known for its promotion of feminism , abortion rights , and LGBT rights . This did not please the conservatives who had previously supported him , which led to the censure of two of his education ministers by the opposition-controlled congress , and a no-confidence vote for his entire cabinet in 2017 . Foreign policies . Kuczynski opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela , and welcomed Venezuelan expatriates . Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled in Peru , others moved to Peru , then later to Chile or Argentina . Kuczynski was one of the first leaders of the Latin American faction that asks for the democratization of Venezuela . Peru revoked Venezuelas invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because of Maduros plan to hold an early presidential election , as the major opposing parties were banned from it . Controversies . First impeachment . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of the Republic initiated impeachment proceeding against Kuczynski , with the congressional opposition stating that he had lost the ″moral capacity″ to lead the country after he admitted receiving advisory fees from scandal-hit Brazilian construction company Odebrecht while he was Perus Minister of Economy and Finance between 2004 and 2005 . Kuczynski had previously denied receiving any payments from Odebrecht , but later confessed that his company , Westfield Capital Ltd , had been receiving money from Odebrecht for advisory services , while still denying that irregularities existed in the payments . Pardon of Alberto Fujimori . On 24 December 2017 , three days after surviving the impeachment vote , Kuczynski pardoned former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori . Second impeachment , Kenjivideos and resignation . After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski , a second impeachment vote was to be held on 22 March 2018 . Two days before the vote , Kuczynski stated that he would not resign and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time . The next day on 21 March 2018 , a video was released of Kuczynski allies , including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori , attempting to buy the vote against impeachment from one official . Following the release of the video , Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially submitted his resignation to the Congress of the Republic . Kuczynskis first vice president , Martín Vizcarra , was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018 . Resignation . Kuczynski announced his resignation from the presidency on 21 March 2018 . This came in result of the dissemination of videos and audios , known as Kenjivideos , that evidenced collusion between the executive and the legislature in order to give privileges and illicit profits to MPs in order to knock down the second impeachment process against Kuczynski . The resignation was accepted on 23 March 2018 by the Peruvian Congress and First Vice President Martín Vizcarra took oath immediately before the Congress . Other presidents of Peru who have resigned are Guillermo Billinghurst ( forced resignation ) , Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Alberto Fujimori . The current Peruvian Constitution of 1993 establishes in its article 113 that the Presidency of the Republic is vacated by : 1 . Death of the President of the Republic . 2 . His permanent moral or physical disability , declared by Congress . 3 . Acceptance of his resignation by Congress . 4 . Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period . 5 . Dismissal , after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution . Congressional vote . The Board of Spokesmen of the Congress agreed to accept the resignation . On March 23 it was approved to accept the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and declare the presidential vacancy with 105 votes in favor , 12 votes against and four abstentions . Post-presidency . Lava Jato Case . On April 10 , 2019 , he was arrested along with his secretary Gloria Kisic Wagner and his ex-driver José Luis Bernaola for an alleged crime of money laundering in the Odebrecht case . In turn , he authorized the Prosecutors Office to search for 48 hours the homes linked to their surroundings in search of documents related to that case . On April 19 , 2019 , Judge Jorge Chávez issued three years of preventive detention against Kuczynski , who received the news at a clinic in Lima where he was hospitalized for a cardiac intervention derived from a hypertension crisis . For Gloria Kisic Wagner and José Luis Bernaola , the judge rejected preventive detention and ordered that both serve a restricted appearance . On May 2 , 2019 , he left the clinic where he was hospitalized and was transferred to his home where he is currently serving 36 months of house arrest . Public image . Kuczynski was very unpopular throughout his presidency , due to the few advances his government was making , but he was considered one of the most renowned economists in America . Family and personal life . His father , Maxime Hans Kuczynski , was born in Berlin , then part of the German Empire . He was a bacteriologist who served in the German Army during World War I on the Balkan front . He was a renowned pathologist and tropical disease specialist , in particular expert on Verruga peruana or Carrions disease . He trained at the Universities of Rostock and Berlin , where he was professor of pathology . An officer in the German Army on the Eastern and Turkish fronts in the First World War , he traveled widely in Russia , China , West Africa , and Brazil . Leaving Germany in 1933 due to his Jewish roots , he was invited to Peru in 1936 by President Óscar R . Benavides to set up the public health service in the interior of the country . Maxime Hans Kuczynski reformed the San Pablo leprosarium on the Amazon at the Brazilian frontier , set up a public health colony on the Perene river , and was later professor of tropical medicine at National University of San Marcos in Lima . Kuczynski is a first cousin of French film director Jean-Luc Godard by his mother , Madeleine Godard , who was the aunt of the film director . Kuczynski has been married twice , first to Jane Dudley Casey , the daughter of Joseph E . Casey , a former member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Massachusetts . Their children are businesswoman Carolina Madeleine Kuczynski , the New York Times journalist Alex Kuczynski , and John-Michael Kuczynski . Kuczynski and Casey divorced in 1995 . Kuczynskis second wife is Nancy Lange , an American and the First Lady of Peru until Kuczynskis resignation in 2018 . Lange and Kuczynski , who married in 1997 , have one daughter , Suzanne . Kuczynskis younger brother , Miguel Jorge Kuczynski Godard , is a fellow of Pembroke College , Cambridge . Kuczynskis brother-in-law Harold Varmus was a Nobel Laureate for Medicine for cancer research in 1989 . External links . - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski profile - El Mundo newspaper - PPK on Twitter - Newsweek interview with Kuczynski - Biography by CIDOB |
[
"Minister of Economy and Finance"
] | easy | Which position did Pedro Pablo Kuczynski hold from Jul 2001 to Jul 2002? | /wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski#P39#1 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard ( ; born 3 October 1938 ) , also known simply as PPK ( ) , is a Peruvian economist , politician and public administrator who served as President of Peru from 2016 to 2018 . He was previously the Prime Minister of Peru from 2005 to 2006 . His administration ended abruptly on 23 March 2018 , following his address to the nation two days earlier , announcing his resignation from the presidency . Since 10 April 2019 he has been in pretrial detention , due to an ongoing investigation on corruption , money laundering , and connections to Odebrecht , a public works company accused of paying bribes . Kuczynski was born in the Miraflores District of Lima to a Polish Jewish father and a Swiss mother of French descent . Kuczynskis parents fled from Germany after the Nazis came to power . Kuczynski worked in the United States before entering Peruvian politics . He held positions at both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund before being designated as the general manager of Perus Central Reserve Bank . He later served as Minister of Energy and Mines in the early 1980s under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry , and as Minister of Economy and Finance and Prime Minister under President Alejandro Toledo in the 2000s . Kuczynski was a presidential candidate in the 2011 presidential election , placing third . His opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went on to the 5 June 2011 runoff election , in which Humala was elected . Kuczynski went on to stand in the 2016 election , where he narrowly defeated Fujimori in the second round . He was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . Kuczynski held U.S . citizenship until November 2015 ; he renounced it to be able to run for Perus presidency . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of Peru , which is controlled by the opposition Popular Force , initiated impeachment proceedings against Kuczynski , after he was accused of lying about receiving payments from a scandal-hit Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht in the mid-2000s . However , on 21 December 2017 , the Peruvian congress lacked the majority of votes needed to impeach Kuczynski . After further scandals and facing a second impeachment vote , Kuczynski resigned the presidency on 21 March 2018 following the release of videos showing alleged acts of vote buying , presenting his resignation to the Council of Ministers . He was succeeded as president by his First Vice President Martín Vizcarra . Kuczynski is a polyglot . Aside from his native Spanish , Kuczynski also speaks , with varying degrees of fluency , English , German , and French . Early life and education . Kuczynski was born in Miraflores , Lima , Peru , as the first son of Madeleine ( née Godard ) and Maxime Hans Kuczyński , one of the earliest public health leaders in Peru . His parents fled Germany in 1933 to escape from Nazism . His father , born in Berlin , then capital city of the German Empire , was a German Jew of distant Polish origin , and his mother was Protestant , of Swiss-French descent . Entering Peru in 1936 , Maxime Kuczyński sent his son to receive his early education at Markham College in Lima , and the Rossall School ( Lancashire , England ) , where he was a pupil in the Maltese Cross House between 1953 and 1956 . He won a foundation scholarship to study at Exeter College , Oxford , and graduated with a degree in politics , philosophy and economics in 1960 . Later , he received the John Parker Compton fellowship to study public affairs at Princeton University in the United States , where he received a masters degree in 1961 . He began his career at the World Bank in 1961 as a regional economist for six countries in Central America , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . In 1967 , Kuczynski returned to Peru to work at the countrys central bank during the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde . Kuczynski went into exile in the United States in 1969 due to political persecution after Belaundes government fell to the military dictatorship of General Juan Velasco Alvarado in a coup détat . The newly installed government accused Kuczynski of funnelling about $18 million ( equivalent to $115 million in 2016 ) to Nelson Rockefeller’s International Petroleum Company . He joined the World Bank as the chief economist managing the northern countries of Latin America , moving on to become Chief of Policy Planning . From 1973 to 1975 , he was a partner of Kuhn , Loeb & Co. , the international investment bank headquartered in New York City . In 1975 , he returned to Washington , D.C . to become chief economist for the International Finance Corporation , the private finance arm of the World Bank . Subsequently , he was appointed President of Halco Mining in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , an international consortium mining company with operations in West Africa . From 1983 to 1992 , he was co-chairman of First Boston in New York City , an international investment bank . In 1992 , he founded , with six other partners , the Latin American Enterprise Fund ( LAEF ) in Miami , Florida , a private equity firm that focused on investments in Mexico , Central and South America . The institutional investors in LAEF included more than 15 of the worlds largest university endowments , foundations , and pension funds . in 1983 , he was a founding member of the Inter-American Dialogue and remained a member until 1997 . Early political career . Involvement in politics . In 1980 , following the election of Fernando Belaúnde Terry as president , Kuczynski was invited to return to Peru to serve as Minister of Energy and Mines . In this position , he sponsored law 23231 which , through tax exemptions and other incentives , promoted oil and gas exploration and exploitation after a period of relative neglect . Kuczynski resigned in 1982 and returned to the private sector in the United States . During the second round of the 2016 presidential campaign , he claimed that he had left Peru due to the threats and attacks from the Shining Path insurgent group : Lets remember that the terrorists not only hung my effigy on the zanjón ( a local denomination for Paseo de La República avenue in Lima ) and in San Martín square , but they attacked my apartment . Just as 3 million Peruvians , I left the country . This was in response to an attack by election opponent Keiko Fujimori ( daughter of then-imprisoned former president Alberto Fujimori and main rival of PPK in the second round of elections ) who claimed that Kuczynski did not have moral authority to speak of terrorism . During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s , Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private-equity fund-management business in the United States . He made small personal donations to the presidential campaigns of George H.W . Bush and of George W . Bush and to the state-senator campaign of his wifes cousin in Wisconsin . He additionally made donations to New York Senator Chuck Schumer and New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley In 2000 , Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , then an economics professor at the ESAN University in Lima . After Toledo was elected president in the 2001 Peruvian general election , Kuczynski served as Minister of Economy and Finance from July 2001 to July 2002 , and again from February 2004 to August 2005 . In August 2005 , he was appointed as Prime Minister , a position he held until the end of Toledos presidential term in 2006 . In 2007 , Manuel Dammert , a sociologist and politician , alleged that Kuczynski was involved in facilitating the activities , in various projects in Peru , of a financial entity known as First Capital Partners , in particular in relation to the Olmos diversion project , the Jorge Chávez International Airport , the Transportadora de Gas , and the Conrisa consortium . Former partners of Kuczynski in the Latin American Enterprise Fund had reportedly inaccurately listed Kuczynski as a founding partner of First Capital but corrected the error shortly afterwards . In consequence , Kuczynski sued Dammert for defamation and falsification of documents . Kuczynski prevailed at the first and second instance , but , on appeal , Perus Supreme Court upheld Dammerts right to ask questions on matters of public interest , without ruling on the merits of Dammerts claims . These claims have been denied extensively by Kuczynski . After working with the Toledo administration , Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia , a Peruvian non-governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru . Agua Limpia is supported by the Inter-American Development Bank , Scotia Bank of Canada and others . He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2011 , but later went on to win the 2016 Peruvian general election against Keiko Fujimori , becoming the 66th President of Peru until March 2018 . Central Reserve Bank of Peru . Kuczynski returned to Peru in 1966 to support the government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry , as an economic adviser . He was appointed manager of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru . After the coup détat against President Belaúnde on October 3 , 1968 , BCR managers Carlos Rodríguez Pastor Mendoza , Richard Webb Duarte and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski were accused of granting foreign currency certificates to the International Petroleum Company , allowing this company to remit $115 million of current profits to Standard Oil , its parent company in the United States . Due to this Kuczynski was forced to take refuge in the United States . After a judicial process that lasted eight years , the Supreme Court of Justice of Peru acquitted Kuczynski , and other BCR officials , of all charges . Minister of Energy and Mines . In 1980 , Kuczynski returned to Peru and collaborated in the election campaign of Belaúnde Terry , who was elected at his second and last non-consecutive term , and appointed Kuczynski as the Minister of Energy and Mines . As Minister , he promoted Law No . 23231 , which promoted energy and oil exploitation ; However , the so-called Kuczynski Law was not exempt from controversy because of the tax exemptions granted to foreign oil companies . In December 1985 it was repealed . Minister of Economy and Finance . During the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , Kuczynski worked as the head of government planning team . He was later appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance . As such , he made numerous agreements with the International Monetary Fund to help fulfill the goals in the neoliberal economic policies outlined by Peru . However , he was criticized on countless occasions by Alan García , the main leader of opposition to the government . Prime Minister . After the increase in social protests in Arequipa due to the privatization of electric companies , he resigned on July 11 , 2002 . He returned to office on February 16 , 2004 , and was appointed as the President of the Council of Ministers of Peru before the resignation of Carlos Ferrero Costa . Pedro Pablo Kuczynski appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs on August 16 , 2005 and appointed Fernando Zavala as the Minister of Economy . He remained in the premier until July 2006 . 2011 presidential election . On 1 December 2010 , Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President of Peru in the upcoming elections . Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election , though he did not pass into the run-off as head of the Alianza por el Gran Cambio ( Alliance for the Great Change ) , formed by the Christian Peoples Party , the Alliance for Progress , the Humanist Party and the National Restoration Party . He took third place in the vote , his opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went to the second round of elections on June 5 , 2011 , in which Humala was elected president of the country . 2016 presidential campaign . In 2015 , he announced that he would again be running for president , but now with a political party which he had built himself ( Peruanos Por el Kambio , PPK ) . Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Perus general elections on April 10 , 2016 , to qualify for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori , in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the vote to Fujimoris 49.88% , a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen million cast . Barely a week before the second round of voting , when trailing Keiko , Kuczynski received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza ( 18.82% ) , Perus leading left-wing candidate , in an effort to defeat Fujimori . Keikos party , Fuerza Popular , has an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats ; PPK trails with 18 . Presidency . Kuczynski was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . At age 77 , he was the oldest President to take office . As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national life , Kuczynskis government supported the use of indigenous languages in Peru , with the state-run TV station starting to broadcast in December 2016 a daily news program in Quechua and in April 2017 one in Aymara . The Presidents state-of-the-union address was simultaneously translated into Quechua in July 2017 . Almost immediately after winning the election , Kuczynski , despite previous public statements in support of social conservatism , appointed nearly all his ministers from the left ( including many of Toledos ex-ministers ) , and his government quickly became known for its promotion of feminism , abortion rights , and LGBT rights . This did not please the conservatives who had previously supported him , which led to the censure of two of his education ministers by the opposition-controlled congress , and a no-confidence vote for his entire cabinet in 2017 . Foreign policies . Kuczynski opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela , and welcomed Venezuelan expatriates . Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled in Peru , others moved to Peru , then later to Chile or Argentina . Kuczynski was one of the first leaders of the Latin American faction that asks for the democratization of Venezuela . Peru revoked Venezuelas invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because of Maduros plan to hold an early presidential election , as the major opposing parties were banned from it . Controversies . First impeachment . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of the Republic initiated impeachment proceeding against Kuczynski , with the congressional opposition stating that he had lost the ″moral capacity″ to lead the country after he admitted receiving advisory fees from scandal-hit Brazilian construction company Odebrecht while he was Perus Minister of Economy and Finance between 2004 and 2005 . Kuczynski had previously denied receiving any payments from Odebrecht , but later confessed that his company , Westfield Capital Ltd , had been receiving money from Odebrecht for advisory services , while still denying that irregularities existed in the payments . Pardon of Alberto Fujimori . On 24 December 2017 , three days after surviving the impeachment vote , Kuczynski pardoned former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori . Second impeachment , Kenjivideos and resignation . After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski , a second impeachment vote was to be held on 22 March 2018 . Two days before the vote , Kuczynski stated that he would not resign and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time . The next day on 21 March 2018 , a video was released of Kuczynski allies , including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori , attempting to buy the vote against impeachment from one official . Following the release of the video , Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially submitted his resignation to the Congress of the Republic . Kuczynskis first vice president , Martín Vizcarra , was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018 . Resignation . Kuczynski announced his resignation from the presidency on 21 March 2018 . This came in result of the dissemination of videos and audios , known as Kenjivideos , that evidenced collusion between the executive and the legislature in order to give privileges and illicit profits to MPs in order to knock down the second impeachment process against Kuczynski . The resignation was accepted on 23 March 2018 by the Peruvian Congress and First Vice President Martín Vizcarra took oath immediately before the Congress . Other presidents of Peru who have resigned are Guillermo Billinghurst ( forced resignation ) , Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Alberto Fujimori . The current Peruvian Constitution of 1993 establishes in its article 113 that the Presidency of the Republic is vacated by : 1 . Death of the President of the Republic . 2 . His permanent moral or physical disability , declared by Congress . 3 . Acceptance of his resignation by Congress . 4 . Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period . 5 . Dismissal , after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution . Congressional vote . The Board of Spokesmen of the Congress agreed to accept the resignation . On March 23 it was approved to accept the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and declare the presidential vacancy with 105 votes in favor , 12 votes against and four abstentions . Post-presidency . Lava Jato Case . On April 10 , 2019 , he was arrested along with his secretary Gloria Kisic Wagner and his ex-driver José Luis Bernaola for an alleged crime of money laundering in the Odebrecht case . In turn , he authorized the Prosecutors Office to search for 48 hours the homes linked to their surroundings in search of documents related to that case . On April 19 , 2019 , Judge Jorge Chávez issued three years of preventive detention against Kuczynski , who received the news at a clinic in Lima where he was hospitalized for a cardiac intervention derived from a hypertension crisis . For Gloria Kisic Wagner and José Luis Bernaola , the judge rejected preventive detention and ordered that both serve a restricted appearance . On May 2 , 2019 , he left the clinic where he was hospitalized and was transferred to his home where he is currently serving 36 months of house arrest . Public image . Kuczynski was very unpopular throughout his presidency , due to the few advances his government was making , but he was considered one of the most renowned economists in America . Family and personal life . His father , Maxime Hans Kuczynski , was born in Berlin , then part of the German Empire . He was a bacteriologist who served in the German Army during World War I on the Balkan front . He was a renowned pathologist and tropical disease specialist , in particular expert on Verruga peruana or Carrions disease . He trained at the Universities of Rostock and Berlin , where he was professor of pathology . An officer in the German Army on the Eastern and Turkish fronts in the First World War , he traveled widely in Russia , China , West Africa , and Brazil . Leaving Germany in 1933 due to his Jewish roots , he was invited to Peru in 1936 by President Óscar R . Benavides to set up the public health service in the interior of the country . Maxime Hans Kuczynski reformed the San Pablo leprosarium on the Amazon at the Brazilian frontier , set up a public health colony on the Perene river , and was later professor of tropical medicine at National University of San Marcos in Lima . Kuczynski is a first cousin of French film director Jean-Luc Godard by his mother , Madeleine Godard , who was the aunt of the film director . Kuczynski has been married twice , first to Jane Dudley Casey , the daughter of Joseph E . Casey , a former member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Massachusetts . Their children are businesswoman Carolina Madeleine Kuczynski , the New York Times journalist Alex Kuczynski , and John-Michael Kuczynski . Kuczynski and Casey divorced in 1995 . Kuczynskis second wife is Nancy Lange , an American and the First Lady of Peru until Kuczynskis resignation in 2018 . Lange and Kuczynski , who married in 1997 , have one daughter , Suzanne . Kuczynskis younger brother , Miguel Jorge Kuczynski Godard , is a fellow of Pembroke College , Cambridge . Kuczynskis brother-in-law Harold Varmus was a Nobel Laureate for Medicine for cancer research in 1989 . External links . - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski profile - El Mundo newspaper - PPK on Twitter - Newsweek interview with Kuczynski - Biography by CIDOB |
[
"Minister of Economy and Finance"
] | easy | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski took which position from Feb 2004 to Aug 2005? | /wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski#P39#2 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard ( ; born 3 October 1938 ) , also known simply as PPK ( ) , is a Peruvian economist , politician and public administrator who served as President of Peru from 2016 to 2018 . He was previously the Prime Minister of Peru from 2005 to 2006 . His administration ended abruptly on 23 March 2018 , following his address to the nation two days earlier , announcing his resignation from the presidency . Since 10 April 2019 he has been in pretrial detention , due to an ongoing investigation on corruption , money laundering , and connections to Odebrecht , a public works company accused of paying bribes . Kuczynski was born in the Miraflores District of Lima to a Polish Jewish father and a Swiss mother of French descent . Kuczynskis parents fled from Germany after the Nazis came to power . Kuczynski worked in the United States before entering Peruvian politics . He held positions at both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund before being designated as the general manager of Perus Central Reserve Bank . He later served as Minister of Energy and Mines in the early 1980s under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry , and as Minister of Economy and Finance and Prime Minister under President Alejandro Toledo in the 2000s . Kuczynski was a presidential candidate in the 2011 presidential election , placing third . His opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went on to the 5 June 2011 runoff election , in which Humala was elected . Kuczynski went on to stand in the 2016 election , where he narrowly defeated Fujimori in the second round . He was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . Kuczynski held U.S . citizenship until November 2015 ; he renounced it to be able to run for Perus presidency . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of Peru , which is controlled by the opposition Popular Force , initiated impeachment proceedings against Kuczynski , after he was accused of lying about receiving payments from a scandal-hit Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht in the mid-2000s . However , on 21 December 2017 , the Peruvian congress lacked the majority of votes needed to impeach Kuczynski . After further scandals and facing a second impeachment vote , Kuczynski resigned the presidency on 21 March 2018 following the release of videos showing alleged acts of vote buying , presenting his resignation to the Council of Ministers . He was succeeded as president by his First Vice President Martín Vizcarra . Kuczynski is a polyglot . Aside from his native Spanish , Kuczynski also speaks , with varying degrees of fluency , English , German , and French . Early life and education . Kuczynski was born in Miraflores , Lima , Peru , as the first son of Madeleine ( née Godard ) and Maxime Hans Kuczyński , one of the earliest public health leaders in Peru . His parents fled Germany in 1933 to escape from Nazism . His father , born in Berlin , then capital city of the German Empire , was a German Jew of distant Polish origin , and his mother was Protestant , of Swiss-French descent . Entering Peru in 1936 , Maxime Kuczyński sent his son to receive his early education at Markham College in Lima , and the Rossall School ( Lancashire , England ) , where he was a pupil in the Maltese Cross House between 1953 and 1956 . He won a foundation scholarship to study at Exeter College , Oxford , and graduated with a degree in politics , philosophy and economics in 1960 . Later , he received the John Parker Compton fellowship to study public affairs at Princeton University in the United States , where he received a masters degree in 1961 . He began his career at the World Bank in 1961 as a regional economist for six countries in Central America , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . In 1967 , Kuczynski returned to Peru to work at the countrys central bank during the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde . Kuczynski went into exile in the United States in 1969 due to political persecution after Belaundes government fell to the military dictatorship of General Juan Velasco Alvarado in a coup détat . The newly installed government accused Kuczynski of funnelling about $18 million ( equivalent to $115 million in 2016 ) to Nelson Rockefeller’s International Petroleum Company . He joined the World Bank as the chief economist managing the northern countries of Latin America , moving on to become Chief of Policy Planning . From 1973 to 1975 , he was a partner of Kuhn , Loeb & Co. , the international investment bank headquartered in New York City . In 1975 , he returned to Washington , D.C . to become chief economist for the International Finance Corporation , the private finance arm of the World Bank . Subsequently , he was appointed President of Halco Mining in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , an international consortium mining company with operations in West Africa . From 1983 to 1992 , he was co-chairman of First Boston in New York City , an international investment bank . In 1992 , he founded , with six other partners , the Latin American Enterprise Fund ( LAEF ) in Miami , Florida , a private equity firm that focused on investments in Mexico , Central and South America . The institutional investors in LAEF included more than 15 of the worlds largest university endowments , foundations , and pension funds . in 1983 , he was a founding member of the Inter-American Dialogue and remained a member until 1997 . Early political career . Involvement in politics . In 1980 , following the election of Fernando Belaúnde Terry as president , Kuczynski was invited to return to Peru to serve as Minister of Energy and Mines . In this position , he sponsored law 23231 which , through tax exemptions and other incentives , promoted oil and gas exploration and exploitation after a period of relative neglect . Kuczynski resigned in 1982 and returned to the private sector in the United States . During the second round of the 2016 presidential campaign , he claimed that he had left Peru due to the threats and attacks from the Shining Path insurgent group : Lets remember that the terrorists not only hung my effigy on the zanjón ( a local denomination for Paseo de La República avenue in Lima ) and in San Martín square , but they attacked my apartment . Just as 3 million Peruvians , I left the country . This was in response to an attack by election opponent Keiko Fujimori ( daughter of then-imprisoned former president Alberto Fujimori and main rival of PPK in the second round of elections ) who claimed that Kuczynski did not have moral authority to speak of terrorism . During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s , Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private-equity fund-management business in the United States . He made small personal donations to the presidential campaigns of George H.W . Bush and of George W . Bush and to the state-senator campaign of his wifes cousin in Wisconsin . He additionally made donations to New York Senator Chuck Schumer and New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley In 2000 , Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , then an economics professor at the ESAN University in Lima . After Toledo was elected president in the 2001 Peruvian general election , Kuczynski served as Minister of Economy and Finance from July 2001 to July 2002 , and again from February 2004 to August 2005 . In August 2005 , he was appointed as Prime Minister , a position he held until the end of Toledos presidential term in 2006 . In 2007 , Manuel Dammert , a sociologist and politician , alleged that Kuczynski was involved in facilitating the activities , in various projects in Peru , of a financial entity known as First Capital Partners , in particular in relation to the Olmos diversion project , the Jorge Chávez International Airport , the Transportadora de Gas , and the Conrisa consortium . Former partners of Kuczynski in the Latin American Enterprise Fund had reportedly inaccurately listed Kuczynski as a founding partner of First Capital but corrected the error shortly afterwards . In consequence , Kuczynski sued Dammert for defamation and falsification of documents . Kuczynski prevailed at the first and second instance , but , on appeal , Perus Supreme Court upheld Dammerts right to ask questions on matters of public interest , without ruling on the merits of Dammerts claims . These claims have been denied extensively by Kuczynski . After working with the Toledo administration , Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia , a Peruvian non-governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru . Agua Limpia is supported by the Inter-American Development Bank , Scotia Bank of Canada and others . He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2011 , but later went on to win the 2016 Peruvian general election against Keiko Fujimori , becoming the 66th President of Peru until March 2018 . Central Reserve Bank of Peru . Kuczynski returned to Peru in 1966 to support the government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry , as an economic adviser . He was appointed manager of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru . After the coup détat against President Belaúnde on October 3 , 1968 , BCR managers Carlos Rodríguez Pastor Mendoza , Richard Webb Duarte and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski were accused of granting foreign currency certificates to the International Petroleum Company , allowing this company to remit $115 million of current profits to Standard Oil , its parent company in the United States . Due to this Kuczynski was forced to take refuge in the United States . After a judicial process that lasted eight years , the Supreme Court of Justice of Peru acquitted Kuczynski , and other BCR officials , of all charges . Minister of Energy and Mines . In 1980 , Kuczynski returned to Peru and collaborated in the election campaign of Belaúnde Terry , who was elected at his second and last non-consecutive term , and appointed Kuczynski as the Minister of Energy and Mines . As Minister , he promoted Law No . 23231 , which promoted energy and oil exploitation ; However , the so-called Kuczynski Law was not exempt from controversy because of the tax exemptions granted to foreign oil companies . In December 1985 it was repealed . Minister of Economy and Finance . During the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , Kuczynski worked as the head of government planning team . He was later appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance . As such , he made numerous agreements with the International Monetary Fund to help fulfill the goals in the neoliberal economic policies outlined by Peru . However , he was criticized on countless occasions by Alan García , the main leader of opposition to the government . Prime Minister . After the increase in social protests in Arequipa due to the privatization of electric companies , he resigned on July 11 , 2002 . He returned to office on February 16 , 2004 , and was appointed as the President of the Council of Ministers of Peru before the resignation of Carlos Ferrero Costa . Pedro Pablo Kuczynski appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs on August 16 , 2005 and appointed Fernando Zavala as the Minister of Economy . He remained in the premier until July 2006 . 2011 presidential election . On 1 December 2010 , Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President of Peru in the upcoming elections . Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election , though he did not pass into the run-off as head of the Alianza por el Gran Cambio ( Alliance for the Great Change ) , formed by the Christian Peoples Party , the Alliance for Progress , the Humanist Party and the National Restoration Party . He took third place in the vote , his opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went to the second round of elections on June 5 , 2011 , in which Humala was elected president of the country . 2016 presidential campaign . In 2015 , he announced that he would again be running for president , but now with a political party which he had built himself ( Peruanos Por el Kambio , PPK ) . Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Perus general elections on April 10 , 2016 , to qualify for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori , in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the vote to Fujimoris 49.88% , a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen million cast . Barely a week before the second round of voting , when trailing Keiko , Kuczynski received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza ( 18.82% ) , Perus leading left-wing candidate , in an effort to defeat Fujimori . Keikos party , Fuerza Popular , has an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats ; PPK trails with 18 . Presidency . Kuczynski was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . At age 77 , he was the oldest President to take office . As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national life , Kuczynskis government supported the use of indigenous languages in Peru , with the state-run TV station starting to broadcast in December 2016 a daily news program in Quechua and in April 2017 one in Aymara . The Presidents state-of-the-union address was simultaneously translated into Quechua in July 2017 . Almost immediately after winning the election , Kuczynski , despite previous public statements in support of social conservatism , appointed nearly all his ministers from the left ( including many of Toledos ex-ministers ) , and his government quickly became known for its promotion of feminism , abortion rights , and LGBT rights . This did not please the conservatives who had previously supported him , which led to the censure of two of his education ministers by the opposition-controlled congress , and a no-confidence vote for his entire cabinet in 2017 . Foreign policies . Kuczynski opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela , and welcomed Venezuelan expatriates . Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled in Peru , others moved to Peru , then later to Chile or Argentina . Kuczynski was one of the first leaders of the Latin American faction that asks for the democratization of Venezuela . Peru revoked Venezuelas invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because of Maduros plan to hold an early presidential election , as the major opposing parties were banned from it . Controversies . First impeachment . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of the Republic initiated impeachment proceeding against Kuczynski , with the congressional opposition stating that he had lost the ″moral capacity″ to lead the country after he admitted receiving advisory fees from scandal-hit Brazilian construction company Odebrecht while he was Perus Minister of Economy and Finance between 2004 and 2005 . Kuczynski had previously denied receiving any payments from Odebrecht , but later confessed that his company , Westfield Capital Ltd , had been receiving money from Odebrecht for advisory services , while still denying that irregularities existed in the payments . Pardon of Alberto Fujimori . On 24 December 2017 , three days after surviving the impeachment vote , Kuczynski pardoned former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori . Second impeachment , Kenjivideos and resignation . After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski , a second impeachment vote was to be held on 22 March 2018 . Two days before the vote , Kuczynski stated that he would not resign and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time . The next day on 21 March 2018 , a video was released of Kuczynski allies , including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori , attempting to buy the vote against impeachment from one official . Following the release of the video , Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially submitted his resignation to the Congress of the Republic . Kuczynskis first vice president , Martín Vizcarra , was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018 . Resignation . Kuczynski announced his resignation from the presidency on 21 March 2018 . This came in result of the dissemination of videos and audios , known as Kenjivideos , that evidenced collusion between the executive and the legislature in order to give privileges and illicit profits to MPs in order to knock down the second impeachment process against Kuczynski . The resignation was accepted on 23 March 2018 by the Peruvian Congress and First Vice President Martín Vizcarra took oath immediately before the Congress . Other presidents of Peru who have resigned are Guillermo Billinghurst ( forced resignation ) , Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Alberto Fujimori . The current Peruvian Constitution of 1993 establishes in its article 113 that the Presidency of the Republic is vacated by : 1 . Death of the President of the Republic . 2 . His permanent moral or physical disability , declared by Congress . 3 . Acceptance of his resignation by Congress . 4 . Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period . 5 . Dismissal , after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution . Congressional vote . The Board of Spokesmen of the Congress agreed to accept the resignation . On March 23 it was approved to accept the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and declare the presidential vacancy with 105 votes in favor , 12 votes against and four abstentions . Post-presidency . Lava Jato Case . On April 10 , 2019 , he was arrested along with his secretary Gloria Kisic Wagner and his ex-driver José Luis Bernaola for an alleged crime of money laundering in the Odebrecht case . In turn , he authorized the Prosecutors Office to search for 48 hours the homes linked to their surroundings in search of documents related to that case . On April 19 , 2019 , Judge Jorge Chávez issued three years of preventive detention against Kuczynski , who received the news at a clinic in Lima where he was hospitalized for a cardiac intervention derived from a hypertension crisis . For Gloria Kisic Wagner and José Luis Bernaola , the judge rejected preventive detention and ordered that both serve a restricted appearance . On May 2 , 2019 , he left the clinic where he was hospitalized and was transferred to his home where he is currently serving 36 months of house arrest . Public image . Kuczynski was very unpopular throughout his presidency , due to the few advances his government was making , but he was considered one of the most renowned economists in America . Family and personal life . His father , Maxime Hans Kuczynski , was born in Berlin , then part of the German Empire . He was a bacteriologist who served in the German Army during World War I on the Balkan front . He was a renowned pathologist and tropical disease specialist , in particular expert on Verruga peruana or Carrions disease . He trained at the Universities of Rostock and Berlin , where he was professor of pathology . An officer in the German Army on the Eastern and Turkish fronts in the First World War , he traveled widely in Russia , China , West Africa , and Brazil . Leaving Germany in 1933 due to his Jewish roots , he was invited to Peru in 1936 by President Óscar R . Benavides to set up the public health service in the interior of the country . Maxime Hans Kuczynski reformed the San Pablo leprosarium on the Amazon at the Brazilian frontier , set up a public health colony on the Perene river , and was later professor of tropical medicine at National University of San Marcos in Lima . Kuczynski is a first cousin of French film director Jean-Luc Godard by his mother , Madeleine Godard , who was the aunt of the film director . Kuczynski has been married twice , first to Jane Dudley Casey , the daughter of Joseph E . Casey , a former member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Massachusetts . Their children are businesswoman Carolina Madeleine Kuczynski , the New York Times journalist Alex Kuczynski , and John-Michael Kuczynski . Kuczynski and Casey divorced in 1995 . Kuczynskis second wife is Nancy Lange , an American and the First Lady of Peru until Kuczynskis resignation in 2018 . Lange and Kuczynski , who married in 1997 , have one daughter , Suzanne . Kuczynskis younger brother , Miguel Jorge Kuczynski Godard , is a fellow of Pembroke College , Cambridge . Kuczynskis brother-in-law Harold Varmus was a Nobel Laureate for Medicine for cancer research in 1989 . External links . - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski profile - El Mundo newspaper - PPK on Twitter - Newsweek interview with Kuczynski - Biography by CIDOB |
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"President of the Council of Ministers of Peru"
] | easy | Which position did Pedro Pablo Kuczynski hold from Aug 2005 to Jul 2006? | /wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Kuczynski#P39#3 | Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard ( ; born 3 October 1938 ) , also known simply as PPK ( ) , is a Peruvian economist , politician and public administrator who served as President of Peru from 2016 to 2018 . He was previously the Prime Minister of Peru from 2005 to 2006 . His administration ended abruptly on 23 March 2018 , following his address to the nation two days earlier , announcing his resignation from the presidency . Since 10 April 2019 he has been in pretrial detention , due to an ongoing investigation on corruption , money laundering , and connections to Odebrecht , a public works company accused of paying bribes . Kuczynski was born in the Miraflores District of Lima to a Polish Jewish father and a Swiss mother of French descent . Kuczynskis parents fled from Germany after the Nazis came to power . Kuczynski worked in the United States before entering Peruvian politics . He held positions at both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund before being designated as the general manager of Perus Central Reserve Bank . He later served as Minister of Energy and Mines in the early 1980s under President Fernando Belaúnde Terry , and as Minister of Economy and Finance and Prime Minister under President Alejandro Toledo in the 2000s . Kuczynski was a presidential candidate in the 2011 presidential election , placing third . His opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went on to the 5 June 2011 runoff election , in which Humala was elected . Kuczynski went on to stand in the 2016 election , where he narrowly defeated Fujimori in the second round . He was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . Kuczynski held U.S . citizenship until November 2015 ; he renounced it to be able to run for Perus presidency . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of Peru , which is controlled by the opposition Popular Force , initiated impeachment proceedings against Kuczynski , after he was accused of lying about receiving payments from a scandal-hit Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht in the mid-2000s . However , on 21 December 2017 , the Peruvian congress lacked the majority of votes needed to impeach Kuczynski . After further scandals and facing a second impeachment vote , Kuczynski resigned the presidency on 21 March 2018 following the release of videos showing alleged acts of vote buying , presenting his resignation to the Council of Ministers . He was succeeded as president by his First Vice President Martín Vizcarra . Kuczynski is a polyglot . Aside from his native Spanish , Kuczynski also speaks , with varying degrees of fluency , English , German , and French . Early life and education . Kuczynski was born in Miraflores , Lima , Peru , as the first son of Madeleine ( née Godard ) and Maxime Hans Kuczyński , one of the earliest public health leaders in Peru . His parents fled Germany in 1933 to escape from Nazism . His father , born in Berlin , then capital city of the German Empire , was a German Jew of distant Polish origin , and his mother was Protestant , of Swiss-French descent . Entering Peru in 1936 , Maxime Kuczyński sent his son to receive his early education at Markham College in Lima , and the Rossall School ( Lancashire , England ) , where he was a pupil in the Maltese Cross House between 1953 and 1956 . He won a foundation scholarship to study at Exeter College , Oxford , and graduated with a degree in politics , philosophy and economics in 1960 . Later , he received the John Parker Compton fellowship to study public affairs at Princeton University in the United States , where he received a masters degree in 1961 . He began his career at the World Bank in 1961 as a regional economist for six countries in Central America , Haiti and the Dominican Republic . In 1967 , Kuczynski returned to Peru to work at the countrys central bank during the presidency of Fernando Belaúnde . Kuczynski went into exile in the United States in 1969 due to political persecution after Belaundes government fell to the military dictatorship of General Juan Velasco Alvarado in a coup détat . The newly installed government accused Kuczynski of funnelling about $18 million ( equivalent to $115 million in 2016 ) to Nelson Rockefeller’s International Petroleum Company . He joined the World Bank as the chief economist managing the northern countries of Latin America , moving on to become Chief of Policy Planning . From 1973 to 1975 , he was a partner of Kuhn , Loeb & Co. , the international investment bank headquartered in New York City . In 1975 , he returned to Washington , D.C . to become chief economist for the International Finance Corporation , the private finance arm of the World Bank . Subsequently , he was appointed President of Halco Mining in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , an international consortium mining company with operations in West Africa . From 1983 to 1992 , he was co-chairman of First Boston in New York City , an international investment bank . In 1992 , he founded , with six other partners , the Latin American Enterprise Fund ( LAEF ) in Miami , Florida , a private equity firm that focused on investments in Mexico , Central and South America . The institutional investors in LAEF included more than 15 of the worlds largest university endowments , foundations , and pension funds . in 1983 , he was a founding member of the Inter-American Dialogue and remained a member until 1997 . Early political career . Involvement in politics . In 1980 , following the election of Fernando Belaúnde Terry as president , Kuczynski was invited to return to Peru to serve as Minister of Energy and Mines . In this position , he sponsored law 23231 which , through tax exemptions and other incentives , promoted oil and gas exploration and exploitation after a period of relative neglect . Kuczynski resigned in 1982 and returned to the private sector in the United States . During the second round of the 2016 presidential campaign , he claimed that he had left Peru due to the threats and attacks from the Shining Path insurgent group : Lets remember that the terrorists not only hung my effigy on the zanjón ( a local denomination for Paseo de La República avenue in Lima ) and in San Martín square , but they attacked my apartment . Just as 3 million Peruvians , I left the country . This was in response to an attack by election opponent Keiko Fujimori ( daughter of then-imprisoned former president Alberto Fujimori and main rival of PPK in the second round of elections ) who claimed that Kuczynski did not have moral authority to speak of terrorism . During the rest of the 1980s and 1990s , Kuczynski was mainly involved in the private-equity fund-management business in the United States . He made small personal donations to the presidential campaigns of George H.W . Bush and of George W . Bush and to the state-senator campaign of his wifes cousin in Wisconsin . He additionally made donations to New York Senator Chuck Schumer and New Jersey Senator Bill Bradley In 2000 , Kuczynski joined the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , then an economics professor at the ESAN University in Lima . After Toledo was elected president in the 2001 Peruvian general election , Kuczynski served as Minister of Economy and Finance from July 2001 to July 2002 , and again from February 2004 to August 2005 . In August 2005 , he was appointed as Prime Minister , a position he held until the end of Toledos presidential term in 2006 . In 2007 , Manuel Dammert , a sociologist and politician , alleged that Kuczynski was involved in facilitating the activities , in various projects in Peru , of a financial entity known as First Capital Partners , in particular in relation to the Olmos diversion project , the Jorge Chávez International Airport , the Transportadora de Gas , and the Conrisa consortium . Former partners of Kuczynski in the Latin American Enterprise Fund had reportedly inaccurately listed Kuczynski as a founding partner of First Capital but corrected the error shortly afterwards . In consequence , Kuczynski sued Dammert for defamation and falsification of documents . Kuczynski prevailed at the first and second instance , but , on appeal , Perus Supreme Court upheld Dammerts right to ask questions on matters of public interest , without ruling on the merits of Dammerts claims . These claims have been denied extensively by Kuczynski . After working with the Toledo administration , Kuczynski founded Agua Limpia , a Peruvian non-governmental organization that provides drinking water systems to communities in Peru . Agua Limpia is supported by the Inter-American Development Bank , Scotia Bank of Canada and others . He ran unsuccessfully for president in 2011 , but later went on to win the 2016 Peruvian general election against Keiko Fujimori , becoming the 66th President of Peru until March 2018 . Central Reserve Bank of Peru . Kuczynski returned to Peru in 1966 to support the government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry , as an economic adviser . He was appointed manager of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru . After the coup détat against President Belaúnde on October 3 , 1968 , BCR managers Carlos Rodríguez Pastor Mendoza , Richard Webb Duarte and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski were accused of granting foreign currency certificates to the International Petroleum Company , allowing this company to remit $115 million of current profits to Standard Oil , its parent company in the United States . Due to this Kuczynski was forced to take refuge in the United States . After a judicial process that lasted eight years , the Supreme Court of Justice of Peru acquitted Kuczynski , and other BCR officials , of all charges . Minister of Energy and Mines . In 1980 , Kuczynski returned to Peru and collaborated in the election campaign of Belaúnde Terry , who was elected at his second and last non-consecutive term , and appointed Kuczynski as the Minister of Energy and Mines . As Minister , he promoted Law No . 23231 , which promoted energy and oil exploitation ; However , the so-called Kuczynski Law was not exempt from controversy because of the tax exemptions granted to foreign oil companies . In December 1985 it was repealed . Minister of Economy and Finance . During the presidential campaign of Alejandro Toledo , Kuczynski worked as the head of government planning team . He was later appointed as the Minister of Economy and Finance . As such , he made numerous agreements with the International Monetary Fund to help fulfill the goals in the neoliberal economic policies outlined by Peru . However , he was criticized on countless occasions by Alan García , the main leader of opposition to the government . Prime Minister . After the increase in social protests in Arequipa due to the privatization of electric companies , he resigned on July 11 , 2002 . He returned to office on February 16 , 2004 , and was appointed as the President of the Council of Ministers of Peru before the resignation of Carlos Ferrero Costa . Pedro Pablo Kuczynski appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs on August 16 , 2005 and appointed Fernando Zavala as the Minister of Economy . He remained in the premier until July 2006 . 2011 presidential election . On 1 December 2010 , Kuczynski announced that he would stand as a candidate for President of Peru in the upcoming elections . Kuczynski ran for President of Peru in the general election , though he did not pass into the run-off as head of the Alianza por el Gran Cambio ( Alliance for the Great Change ) , formed by the Christian Peoples Party , the Alliance for Progress , the Humanist Party and the National Restoration Party . He took third place in the vote , his opponents Ollanta Humala and Keiko Fujimori went to the second round of elections on June 5 , 2011 , in which Humala was elected president of the country . 2016 presidential campaign . In 2015 , he announced that he would again be running for president , but now with a political party which he had built himself ( Peruanos Por el Kambio , PPK ) . Kuczynski won 21% of the popular vote in Perus general elections on April 10 , 2016 , to qualify for a runoff vote against Keiko Fujimori , in which he narrowly triumphed with 50.12% of the vote to Fujimoris 49.88% , a margin of just thirty-nine thousand votes out of nearly eighteen million cast . Barely a week before the second round of voting , when trailing Keiko , Kuczynski received an important endorsement from third-place finisher Verónika Mendoza ( 18.82% ) , Perus leading left-wing candidate , in an effort to defeat Fujimori . Keikos party , Fuerza Popular , has an absolute majority in Congress with 73 of the 130 seats ; PPK trails with 18 . Presidency . Kuczynski was sworn in as president on 28 July 2016 . At age 77 , he was the oldest President to take office . As part of the recent push in Peru to recognize and integrate indigenous peoples into national life , Kuczynskis government supported the use of indigenous languages in Peru , with the state-run TV station starting to broadcast in December 2016 a daily news program in Quechua and in April 2017 one in Aymara . The Presidents state-of-the-union address was simultaneously translated into Quechua in July 2017 . Almost immediately after winning the election , Kuczynski , despite previous public statements in support of social conservatism , appointed nearly all his ministers from the left ( including many of Toledos ex-ministers ) , and his government quickly became known for its promotion of feminism , abortion rights , and LGBT rights . This did not please the conservatives who had previously supported him , which led to the censure of two of his education ministers by the opposition-controlled congress , and a no-confidence vote for his entire cabinet in 2017 . Foreign policies . Kuczynski opposed the government of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela , and welcomed Venezuelan expatriates . Nearly 200,000 Venezuelans settled in Peru , others moved to Peru , then later to Chile or Argentina . Kuczynski was one of the first leaders of the Latin American faction that asks for the democratization of Venezuela . Peru revoked Venezuelas invitation to the 8th Summit of the Americas because of Maduros plan to hold an early presidential election , as the major opposing parties were banned from it . Controversies . First impeachment . On 15 December 2017 , the Congress of the Republic initiated impeachment proceeding against Kuczynski , with the congressional opposition stating that he had lost the ″moral capacity″ to lead the country after he admitted receiving advisory fees from scandal-hit Brazilian construction company Odebrecht while he was Perus Minister of Economy and Finance between 2004 and 2005 . Kuczynski had previously denied receiving any payments from Odebrecht , but later confessed that his company , Westfield Capital Ltd , had been receiving money from Odebrecht for advisory services , while still denying that irregularities existed in the payments . Pardon of Alberto Fujimori . On 24 December 2017 , three days after surviving the impeachment vote , Kuczynski pardoned former Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori . Second impeachment , Kenjivideos and resignation . After further scandals broke out surrounding Kuczynski , a second impeachment vote was to be held on 22 March 2018 . Two days before the vote , Kuczynski stated that he would not resign and decided to face the impeachment process for a second time . The next day on 21 March 2018 , a video was released of Kuczynski allies , including his lawyer and Kenji Fujimori , attempting to buy the vote against impeachment from one official . Following the release of the video , Kuczynski presented himself before congress and officially submitted his resignation to the Congress of the Republic . Kuczynskis first vice president , Martín Vizcarra , was later named President of Peru on 23 March 2018 . Resignation . Kuczynski announced his resignation from the presidency on 21 March 2018 . This came in result of the dissemination of videos and audios , known as Kenjivideos , that evidenced collusion between the executive and the legislature in order to give privileges and illicit profits to MPs in order to knock down the second impeachment process against Kuczynski . The resignation was accepted on 23 March 2018 by the Peruvian Congress and First Vice President Martín Vizcarra took oath immediately before the Congress . Other presidents of Peru who have resigned are Guillermo Billinghurst ( forced resignation ) , Andrés Avelino Cáceres and Alberto Fujimori . The current Peruvian Constitution of 1993 establishes in its article 113 that the Presidency of the Republic is vacated by : 1 . Death of the President of the Republic . 2 . His permanent moral or physical disability , declared by Congress . 3 . Acceptance of his resignation by Congress . 4 . Leaving the national territory without permission of the Congress or not returning to it within the established period . 5 . Dismissal , after having been sanctioned for any of the infractions mentioned in Article 117 of the Constitution . Congressional vote . The Board of Spokesmen of the Congress agreed to accept the resignation . On March 23 it was approved to accept the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski and declare the presidential vacancy with 105 votes in favor , 12 votes against and four abstentions . Post-presidency . Lava Jato Case . On April 10 , 2019 , he was arrested along with his secretary Gloria Kisic Wagner and his ex-driver José Luis Bernaola for an alleged crime of money laundering in the Odebrecht case . In turn , he authorized the Prosecutors Office to search for 48 hours the homes linked to their surroundings in search of documents related to that case . On April 19 , 2019 , Judge Jorge Chávez issued three years of preventive detention against Kuczynski , who received the news at a clinic in Lima where he was hospitalized for a cardiac intervention derived from a hypertension crisis . For Gloria Kisic Wagner and José Luis Bernaola , the judge rejected preventive detention and ordered that both serve a restricted appearance . On May 2 , 2019 , he left the clinic where he was hospitalized and was transferred to his home where he is currently serving 36 months of house arrest . Public image . Kuczynski was very unpopular throughout his presidency , due to the few advances his government was making , but he was considered one of the most renowned economists in America . Family and personal life . His father , Maxime Hans Kuczynski , was born in Berlin , then part of the German Empire . He was a bacteriologist who served in the German Army during World War I on the Balkan front . He was a renowned pathologist and tropical disease specialist , in particular expert on Verruga peruana or Carrions disease . He trained at the Universities of Rostock and Berlin , where he was professor of pathology . An officer in the German Army on the Eastern and Turkish fronts in the First World War , he traveled widely in Russia , China , West Africa , and Brazil . Leaving Germany in 1933 due to his Jewish roots , he was invited to Peru in 1936 by President Óscar R . Benavides to set up the public health service in the interior of the country . Maxime Hans Kuczynski reformed the San Pablo leprosarium on the Amazon at the Brazilian frontier , set up a public health colony on the Perene river , and was later professor of tropical medicine at National University of San Marcos in Lima . Kuczynski is a first cousin of French film director Jean-Luc Godard by his mother , Madeleine Godard , who was the aunt of the film director . Kuczynski has been married twice , first to Jane Dudley Casey , the daughter of Joseph E . Casey , a former member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Massachusetts . Their children are businesswoman Carolina Madeleine Kuczynski , the New York Times journalist Alex Kuczynski , and John-Michael Kuczynski . Kuczynski and Casey divorced in 1995 . Kuczynskis second wife is Nancy Lange , an American and the First Lady of Peru until Kuczynskis resignation in 2018 . Lange and Kuczynski , who married in 1997 , have one daughter , Suzanne . Kuczynskis younger brother , Miguel Jorge Kuczynski Godard , is a fellow of Pembroke College , Cambridge . Kuczynskis brother-in-law Harold Varmus was a Nobel Laureate for Medicine for cancer research in 1989 . External links . - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski profile - El Mundo newspaper - PPK on Twitter - Newsweek interview with Kuczynski - Biography by CIDOB |
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