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[
"Rangers"
]
| easy | Danny Wilson (footballer, born 1991) played for which team from 2008 to 2010? | /wiki/Danny_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1991)#P54#0 | Danny Wilson ( footballer , born 1991 ) Daniel John Wilson ( born 27 December 1991 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre back for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . Wilson began his career with Rangers before leaving for English side Liverpool in 2010 . After failing to secure a first-team place he joined Blackpool , Bristol City and Heart of Midlothian on loan respectively , joining the latter on a permanent transfer in 2012 . Wilson returned to Rangers in 2015 on a free transfer , then moved in January 2018 to American club Colorado Rapids . He has also represented the Scottish national team at U-17 , U-19 , U-21 and at full international level . Club career . Rangers . Wilson came through the youth team ranks at Rangers and captained the under-19 team . He was tipped early on to have a big future at Ibrox ( being compared to Alan Hansen ) , even drawing interest from other clubs before he had made his professional debut . Wilson had been an unused substitute on several occasions during the latter part of the 2008–09 season , including the 2009 Scottish Cup Final against Falkirk . He made his professional debut for Rangers against Dundee in the League Cup , playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 win in October 2009 . Just over a week later , he became the youngest Rangers player to play in the UEFA Champions League by starting a 1–1 draw against Unirea Urziceni , aged just . After the match , Wilson described making his debut as unbelievable . While veteran captain David Weir commented on Wilson , reminding himself as a seventeen years old version of himself . Having made three appearance so far , Wilson says he doesnt expect to have more starts , once Majid Bougherra made his return . Weir then revealed that both Weir and Saša Papac helped him to handle his step up to the first team . Wilson scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 away victory against Hearts at Tynecastle on 27 March 2010 . In mid-March , Wilson is close of signing a new contract , according to Manager Walter Smith . After a promising debut season , Wilson was awarded both the Scottish FWA Young Player of the Year award and the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year award . He was also voted as Rangers Young Player of the Year by the clubs supporters . Upon receiving the awards , Wilson says winning the double in his first season with Rangers is something special . In all for Rangers , he played 26 times and scored once . He was sent off in the 2010 League Cup Final against St Mirren . After the match , Wilson says his sending off was his first and was gutted , in addition , he felt receiving a red card let the team down . While in process of signing a contract , Wilson was linked with Premier League sides Aston Villa and Liverpool . Liverpool . On 21 July 2010 , Wilson joined Liverpool and signed a three-year deal for an initial transfer fee of £2 million , potentially rising to £5 million based on appearances . Two months later , on 22 September 2010 , Wilson made his Liverpool debut . He appeared regularly for the reserves in the early part of the season , scoring his first goal for the second-string on 20 October 2010 , in a 3–3 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Prenton Park . He made his debut for the first team on 22 September 2010 in their defeat to League Two side Northampton Town in the third round of the League Cup ; Northampton winning 4–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw . In the January transfer window , Wilson was linked with a loan move to Rangerss Old Firm rival Celtic . Wilson played for Liverpool in a Europa League tie with Sparta Prague in which he played the full 90 minutes and was praised for his effort by manager Kenny Dalglish . He made his first Premier League start on 27 February 2011 at the Boleyn Ground in a 3–1 defeat against West Ham United . On 17 March , he again started a Europa League tie against Braga . On 2 April , he replaced the injured Daniel Agger during the first half in a 2–1 defeat away to West Bromwich Albion . In the 2011–12 season , Wilson wanted to leave Liverpool to go out on loan , in order to gain first team football experience . Rangers were among the teams interested in signing Wilson . Wilson made his first appearance against his ex side Rangers in a 1–0 friendly defeat on 18 October 2011 . Upon joining Hearts , Wilson says he didnt have any regrets about joining Liverpool and insisted it made him a better player . Loan spells . On 31 December 2011 it was confirmed that Wilson would join Blackpool on loan until the end of the season once the transfer window was declared opened the following day . He made his debut in Blackpool 2–1 win against Crystal Palace . On 22 November 2012 , he was loaned to Championship side Bristol City . He was given the number 40 shirt . Upon joining the club Wilson expressed surprise at the sides then league position which saw it languishing in the relegation zone . He made his first and only appearance for City as a 90th-minute substitute two days later in a 3–1 win away at Middlesbrough . Heart of Midlothian . On 18 January 2013 , he joined Scottish Premier League side Heart of Midlothian on loan from Liverpool until the end of the season . He was given the squad number four and made his debut the following day from the start at Celtic Park , in a Scottish Premier League match against Celtic , in a 4–1 defeat . He then played in the Scottish League Cup for the first time in three years when Hearts faced Inverness Caledonian Thistle , which Hearts won on a penalty-shootout after a 1–1 draw after extra-time . The win put Hearts into the final . However , there was controversy over his appearance when he last played in the Scottish League Cup , resulted in him receiving a red card three years ago . The Scottish FA stated that Wilson was indeed eligible , stating he served his ban at the beginning of season 2010/11 and the SFA does not operate competition-specific disciplinary procedures . In the final against St Mirren , Wilson started in the match , partnering a central defender with captain Andy Webster . The match ended with St Mirren winning 3–2 against , having gained revenge on him for three years ago . Since moving to Hearts , Wilson became a regular in the first team and was willing to stay at Hearts for the long term . On 27 May 2013 , it was announced that Wilson would sign a permanent deal with Hearts after his Liverpool contract was up in the summer . The move was initially blocked by the SPL following the club entering administration and being unable to register new players , but this was later rescinded and Wilson was confirmed as a Hearts player on 30 June . On 2 July , Hearts made Wilson club captain at the age of just 21 , which manager Gary Locke quote a big responsibility for him . It is thought this is the reason for Wilson re-signing with the club . Wilsons first game at Hearts as captain came in the opening game of the season , in a 1–0 defeat to St Johnstone . After winning 3–1 against Aberdeen on 24 August 2014 , Wilson was involved in a tunnel incident that saw him receive a one match ban . Then in November , Wilson played a role in giving Hearts points in two games when he assisted one goal in a 3–1 win over Aberdeen and another , in a 2–2 draw against Ross County . Soon , Wilson was on the sideline when he had tonsillitis and scored on his return in a 3–3 draw against St Johnstone . Wilson scored his second goal of the season a month later on 21 March 2014 , in a 2–1 loss against Dundee United . His third goal came in a 4–2 defeat to Partick Thistle on 7 May 2014 . However , Wilson was unable to help the club survive relegation from the Scottish Premiership . Despite this , Wilson made thirty-three appearances and scored three times in the league . Despite the relegation , Wilson vowed to help the club bounce back to the Scottish Premiership , as he was keen to stay at Hearts when they would be in the Scottish Championship . In his second season at Hearts , Wilson stated he was looking forward to playing in the Scottish Championship , and he scored the clubs first goal of the season in the Championship against his former club Rangers which he refused to celebrate . Hearts went on to win 2–1 . Wilson was soon on the sidelines when he strained his hamstring . Wilson made his return against Queen of the South and scored his second goal of the season , as well as providing two assists in a 4–1 win . Wilson captained Hearts through the 2014/15 season as they won the Championship and gained promotion to the Premiership . Near the end of the season , it was reported by BBC Sport that Wilson had exercised a clause in his contract allowing him to become a free agent . Return to Rangers . After leaving Hearts , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Rangers on 22 June 2015 . Wilson made his second debut for Rangers against Hibernian in the first round of the Challenge Cup on 25 July 2015 . Over the course of the subsequent season , he played in central defence alongside Rob Kiernan . The pair , however , received criticism for some of their performances . Colorado Rapids . On 29 January 2018 , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Major League Soccer side Colorado Rapids . International career . Youth teams . Wilson has represented Scotland throughout various underage levels , including captaining the under-19 national football team and features for the under-21 side , He has been involved in the international set-up since the age of 15 and captained the under-19s during 2009 . Due to his lack of regular first team football , Wilson dropped back into the under-21 team in October 2011 . He was a regular for the Under-21s in their 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying campaign and eventually made five appearances for the team . Senior team . On 16 November 2010 , Wilson played his first ever game for Scotland , scoring on his debut in a 3–0 win in a friendly against the Faroe Islands . On 27 March 2011 , he came off the bench to play against Brazil in a friendly match at the Emirates Stadium . In an important 2012 European Championship qualifying game against the Czech Republic , Wilson came on as a substitute and conceded a late penalty which allowed the Czechs to claim a late point at 2–2 . However replays of the incident showed that the Czech player involved , Jan Rezek , had dived under Wilsons challenge , and the referee Kevin Blom later admitted that he had been deceived . Career statistics . International . Sources : Honours . Club . - Rangers - Scottish Premier League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 - Scottish Cup ( 1 ) : 2009 - Scottish League Cup ( 1 ) : 2010 - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Scottish Challenge Cup ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2014–15 Individual . - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - SFWA Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - Scottish Championship PFA Scotland Team of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Danny Wilson LFChistory.net |
[
"Liverpool"
]
| easy | Danny Wilson (footballer, born 1991) played for which team from 2010 to 2013? | /wiki/Danny_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1991)#P54#1 | Danny Wilson ( footballer , born 1991 ) Daniel John Wilson ( born 27 December 1991 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre back for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . Wilson began his career with Rangers before leaving for English side Liverpool in 2010 . After failing to secure a first-team place he joined Blackpool , Bristol City and Heart of Midlothian on loan respectively , joining the latter on a permanent transfer in 2012 . Wilson returned to Rangers in 2015 on a free transfer , then moved in January 2018 to American club Colorado Rapids . He has also represented the Scottish national team at U-17 , U-19 , U-21 and at full international level . Club career . Rangers . Wilson came through the youth team ranks at Rangers and captained the under-19 team . He was tipped early on to have a big future at Ibrox ( being compared to Alan Hansen ) , even drawing interest from other clubs before he had made his professional debut . Wilson had been an unused substitute on several occasions during the latter part of the 2008–09 season , including the 2009 Scottish Cup Final against Falkirk . He made his professional debut for Rangers against Dundee in the League Cup , playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 win in October 2009 . Just over a week later , he became the youngest Rangers player to play in the UEFA Champions League by starting a 1–1 draw against Unirea Urziceni , aged just . After the match , Wilson described making his debut as unbelievable . While veteran captain David Weir commented on Wilson , reminding himself as a seventeen years old version of himself . Having made three appearance so far , Wilson says he doesnt expect to have more starts , once Majid Bougherra made his return . Weir then revealed that both Weir and Saša Papac helped him to handle his step up to the first team . Wilson scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 away victory against Hearts at Tynecastle on 27 March 2010 . In mid-March , Wilson is close of signing a new contract , according to Manager Walter Smith . After a promising debut season , Wilson was awarded both the Scottish FWA Young Player of the Year award and the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year award . He was also voted as Rangers Young Player of the Year by the clubs supporters . Upon receiving the awards , Wilson says winning the double in his first season with Rangers is something special . In all for Rangers , he played 26 times and scored once . He was sent off in the 2010 League Cup Final against St Mirren . After the match , Wilson says his sending off was his first and was gutted , in addition , he felt receiving a red card let the team down . While in process of signing a contract , Wilson was linked with Premier League sides Aston Villa and Liverpool . Liverpool . On 21 July 2010 , Wilson joined Liverpool and signed a three-year deal for an initial transfer fee of £2 million , potentially rising to £5 million based on appearances . Two months later , on 22 September 2010 , Wilson made his Liverpool debut . He appeared regularly for the reserves in the early part of the season , scoring his first goal for the second-string on 20 October 2010 , in a 3–3 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Prenton Park . He made his debut for the first team on 22 September 2010 in their defeat to League Two side Northampton Town in the third round of the League Cup ; Northampton winning 4–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw . In the January transfer window , Wilson was linked with a loan move to Rangerss Old Firm rival Celtic . Wilson played for Liverpool in a Europa League tie with Sparta Prague in which he played the full 90 minutes and was praised for his effort by manager Kenny Dalglish . He made his first Premier League start on 27 February 2011 at the Boleyn Ground in a 3–1 defeat against West Ham United . On 17 March , he again started a Europa League tie against Braga . On 2 April , he replaced the injured Daniel Agger during the first half in a 2–1 defeat away to West Bromwich Albion . In the 2011–12 season , Wilson wanted to leave Liverpool to go out on loan , in order to gain first team football experience . Rangers were among the teams interested in signing Wilson . Wilson made his first appearance against his ex side Rangers in a 1–0 friendly defeat on 18 October 2011 . Upon joining Hearts , Wilson says he didnt have any regrets about joining Liverpool and insisted it made him a better player . Loan spells . On 31 December 2011 it was confirmed that Wilson would join Blackpool on loan until the end of the season once the transfer window was declared opened the following day . He made his debut in Blackpool 2–1 win against Crystal Palace . On 22 November 2012 , he was loaned to Championship side Bristol City . He was given the number 40 shirt . Upon joining the club Wilson expressed surprise at the sides then league position which saw it languishing in the relegation zone . He made his first and only appearance for City as a 90th-minute substitute two days later in a 3–1 win away at Middlesbrough . Heart of Midlothian . On 18 January 2013 , he joined Scottish Premier League side Heart of Midlothian on loan from Liverpool until the end of the season . He was given the squad number four and made his debut the following day from the start at Celtic Park , in a Scottish Premier League match against Celtic , in a 4–1 defeat . He then played in the Scottish League Cup for the first time in three years when Hearts faced Inverness Caledonian Thistle , which Hearts won on a penalty-shootout after a 1–1 draw after extra-time . The win put Hearts into the final . However , there was controversy over his appearance when he last played in the Scottish League Cup , resulted in him receiving a red card three years ago . The Scottish FA stated that Wilson was indeed eligible , stating he served his ban at the beginning of season 2010/11 and the SFA does not operate competition-specific disciplinary procedures . In the final against St Mirren , Wilson started in the match , partnering a central defender with captain Andy Webster . The match ended with St Mirren winning 3–2 against , having gained revenge on him for three years ago . Since moving to Hearts , Wilson became a regular in the first team and was willing to stay at Hearts for the long term . On 27 May 2013 , it was announced that Wilson would sign a permanent deal with Hearts after his Liverpool contract was up in the summer . The move was initially blocked by the SPL following the club entering administration and being unable to register new players , but this was later rescinded and Wilson was confirmed as a Hearts player on 30 June . On 2 July , Hearts made Wilson club captain at the age of just 21 , which manager Gary Locke quote a big responsibility for him . It is thought this is the reason for Wilson re-signing with the club . Wilsons first game at Hearts as captain came in the opening game of the season , in a 1–0 defeat to St Johnstone . After winning 3–1 against Aberdeen on 24 August 2014 , Wilson was involved in a tunnel incident that saw him receive a one match ban . Then in November , Wilson played a role in giving Hearts points in two games when he assisted one goal in a 3–1 win over Aberdeen and another , in a 2–2 draw against Ross County . Soon , Wilson was on the sideline when he had tonsillitis and scored on his return in a 3–3 draw against St Johnstone . Wilson scored his second goal of the season a month later on 21 March 2014 , in a 2–1 loss against Dundee United . His third goal came in a 4–2 defeat to Partick Thistle on 7 May 2014 . However , Wilson was unable to help the club survive relegation from the Scottish Premiership . Despite this , Wilson made thirty-three appearances and scored three times in the league . Despite the relegation , Wilson vowed to help the club bounce back to the Scottish Premiership , as he was keen to stay at Hearts when they would be in the Scottish Championship . In his second season at Hearts , Wilson stated he was looking forward to playing in the Scottish Championship , and he scored the clubs first goal of the season in the Championship against his former club Rangers which he refused to celebrate . Hearts went on to win 2–1 . Wilson was soon on the sidelines when he strained his hamstring . Wilson made his return against Queen of the South and scored his second goal of the season , as well as providing two assists in a 4–1 win . Wilson captained Hearts through the 2014/15 season as they won the Championship and gained promotion to the Premiership . Near the end of the season , it was reported by BBC Sport that Wilson had exercised a clause in his contract allowing him to become a free agent . Return to Rangers . After leaving Hearts , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Rangers on 22 June 2015 . Wilson made his second debut for Rangers against Hibernian in the first round of the Challenge Cup on 25 July 2015 . Over the course of the subsequent season , he played in central defence alongside Rob Kiernan . The pair , however , received criticism for some of their performances . Colorado Rapids . On 29 January 2018 , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Major League Soccer side Colorado Rapids . International career . Youth teams . Wilson has represented Scotland throughout various underage levels , including captaining the under-19 national football team and features for the under-21 side , He has been involved in the international set-up since the age of 15 and captained the under-19s during 2009 . Due to his lack of regular first team football , Wilson dropped back into the under-21 team in October 2011 . He was a regular for the Under-21s in their 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying campaign and eventually made five appearances for the team . Senior team . On 16 November 2010 , Wilson played his first ever game for Scotland , scoring on his debut in a 3–0 win in a friendly against the Faroe Islands . On 27 March 2011 , he came off the bench to play against Brazil in a friendly match at the Emirates Stadium . In an important 2012 European Championship qualifying game against the Czech Republic , Wilson came on as a substitute and conceded a late penalty which allowed the Czechs to claim a late point at 2–2 . However replays of the incident showed that the Czech player involved , Jan Rezek , had dived under Wilsons challenge , and the referee Kevin Blom later admitted that he had been deceived . Career statistics . International . Sources : Honours . Club . - Rangers - Scottish Premier League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 - Scottish Cup ( 1 ) : 2009 - Scottish League Cup ( 1 ) : 2010 - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Scottish Challenge Cup ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2014–15 Individual . - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - SFWA Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - Scottish Championship PFA Scotland Team of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Danny Wilson LFChistory.net |
[
"Heart of Midlothian"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Danny Wilson (footballer, born 1991) belong to from 2013 to 2015? | /wiki/Danny_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1991)#P54#2 | Danny Wilson ( footballer , born 1991 ) Daniel John Wilson ( born 27 December 1991 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre back for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . Wilson began his career with Rangers before leaving for English side Liverpool in 2010 . After failing to secure a first-team place he joined Blackpool , Bristol City and Heart of Midlothian on loan respectively , joining the latter on a permanent transfer in 2012 . Wilson returned to Rangers in 2015 on a free transfer , then moved in January 2018 to American club Colorado Rapids . He has also represented the Scottish national team at U-17 , U-19 , U-21 and at full international level . Club career . Rangers . Wilson came through the youth team ranks at Rangers and captained the under-19 team . He was tipped early on to have a big future at Ibrox ( being compared to Alan Hansen ) , even drawing interest from other clubs before he had made his professional debut . Wilson had been an unused substitute on several occasions during the latter part of the 2008–09 season , including the 2009 Scottish Cup Final against Falkirk . He made his professional debut for Rangers against Dundee in the League Cup , playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 win in October 2009 . Just over a week later , he became the youngest Rangers player to play in the UEFA Champions League by starting a 1–1 draw against Unirea Urziceni , aged just . After the match , Wilson described making his debut as unbelievable . While veteran captain David Weir commented on Wilson , reminding himself as a seventeen years old version of himself . Having made three appearance so far , Wilson says he doesnt expect to have more starts , once Majid Bougherra made his return . Weir then revealed that both Weir and Saša Papac helped him to handle his step up to the first team . Wilson scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 away victory against Hearts at Tynecastle on 27 March 2010 . In mid-March , Wilson is close of signing a new contract , according to Manager Walter Smith . After a promising debut season , Wilson was awarded both the Scottish FWA Young Player of the Year award and the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year award . He was also voted as Rangers Young Player of the Year by the clubs supporters . Upon receiving the awards , Wilson says winning the double in his first season with Rangers is something special . In all for Rangers , he played 26 times and scored once . He was sent off in the 2010 League Cup Final against St Mirren . After the match , Wilson says his sending off was his first and was gutted , in addition , he felt receiving a red card let the team down . While in process of signing a contract , Wilson was linked with Premier League sides Aston Villa and Liverpool . Liverpool . On 21 July 2010 , Wilson joined Liverpool and signed a three-year deal for an initial transfer fee of £2 million , potentially rising to £5 million based on appearances . Two months later , on 22 September 2010 , Wilson made his Liverpool debut . He appeared regularly for the reserves in the early part of the season , scoring his first goal for the second-string on 20 October 2010 , in a 3–3 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Prenton Park . He made his debut for the first team on 22 September 2010 in their defeat to League Two side Northampton Town in the third round of the League Cup ; Northampton winning 4–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw . In the January transfer window , Wilson was linked with a loan move to Rangerss Old Firm rival Celtic . Wilson played for Liverpool in a Europa League tie with Sparta Prague in which he played the full 90 minutes and was praised for his effort by manager Kenny Dalglish . He made his first Premier League start on 27 February 2011 at the Boleyn Ground in a 3–1 defeat against West Ham United . On 17 March , he again started a Europa League tie against Braga . On 2 April , he replaced the injured Daniel Agger during the first half in a 2–1 defeat away to West Bromwich Albion . In the 2011–12 season , Wilson wanted to leave Liverpool to go out on loan , in order to gain first team football experience . Rangers were among the teams interested in signing Wilson . Wilson made his first appearance against his ex side Rangers in a 1–0 friendly defeat on 18 October 2011 . Upon joining Hearts , Wilson says he didnt have any regrets about joining Liverpool and insisted it made him a better player . Loan spells . On 31 December 2011 it was confirmed that Wilson would join Blackpool on loan until the end of the season once the transfer window was declared opened the following day . He made his debut in Blackpool 2–1 win against Crystal Palace . On 22 November 2012 , he was loaned to Championship side Bristol City . He was given the number 40 shirt . Upon joining the club Wilson expressed surprise at the sides then league position which saw it languishing in the relegation zone . He made his first and only appearance for City as a 90th-minute substitute two days later in a 3–1 win away at Middlesbrough . Heart of Midlothian . On 18 January 2013 , he joined Scottish Premier League side Heart of Midlothian on loan from Liverpool until the end of the season . He was given the squad number four and made his debut the following day from the start at Celtic Park , in a Scottish Premier League match against Celtic , in a 4–1 defeat . He then played in the Scottish League Cup for the first time in three years when Hearts faced Inverness Caledonian Thistle , which Hearts won on a penalty-shootout after a 1–1 draw after extra-time . The win put Hearts into the final . However , there was controversy over his appearance when he last played in the Scottish League Cup , resulted in him receiving a red card three years ago . The Scottish FA stated that Wilson was indeed eligible , stating he served his ban at the beginning of season 2010/11 and the SFA does not operate competition-specific disciplinary procedures . In the final against St Mirren , Wilson started in the match , partnering a central defender with captain Andy Webster . The match ended with St Mirren winning 3–2 against , having gained revenge on him for three years ago . Since moving to Hearts , Wilson became a regular in the first team and was willing to stay at Hearts for the long term . On 27 May 2013 , it was announced that Wilson would sign a permanent deal with Hearts after his Liverpool contract was up in the summer . The move was initially blocked by the SPL following the club entering administration and being unable to register new players , but this was later rescinded and Wilson was confirmed as a Hearts player on 30 June . On 2 July , Hearts made Wilson club captain at the age of just 21 , which manager Gary Locke quote a big responsibility for him . It is thought this is the reason for Wilson re-signing with the club . Wilsons first game at Hearts as captain came in the opening game of the season , in a 1–0 defeat to St Johnstone . After winning 3–1 against Aberdeen on 24 August 2014 , Wilson was involved in a tunnel incident that saw him receive a one match ban . Then in November , Wilson played a role in giving Hearts points in two games when he assisted one goal in a 3–1 win over Aberdeen and another , in a 2–2 draw against Ross County . Soon , Wilson was on the sideline when he had tonsillitis and scored on his return in a 3–3 draw against St Johnstone . Wilson scored his second goal of the season a month later on 21 March 2014 , in a 2–1 loss against Dundee United . His third goal came in a 4–2 defeat to Partick Thistle on 7 May 2014 . However , Wilson was unable to help the club survive relegation from the Scottish Premiership . Despite this , Wilson made thirty-three appearances and scored three times in the league . Despite the relegation , Wilson vowed to help the club bounce back to the Scottish Premiership , as he was keen to stay at Hearts when they would be in the Scottish Championship . In his second season at Hearts , Wilson stated he was looking forward to playing in the Scottish Championship , and he scored the clubs first goal of the season in the Championship against his former club Rangers which he refused to celebrate . Hearts went on to win 2–1 . Wilson was soon on the sidelines when he strained his hamstring . Wilson made his return against Queen of the South and scored his second goal of the season , as well as providing two assists in a 4–1 win . Wilson captained Hearts through the 2014/15 season as they won the Championship and gained promotion to the Premiership . Near the end of the season , it was reported by BBC Sport that Wilson had exercised a clause in his contract allowing him to become a free agent . Return to Rangers . After leaving Hearts , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Rangers on 22 June 2015 . Wilson made his second debut for Rangers against Hibernian in the first round of the Challenge Cup on 25 July 2015 . Over the course of the subsequent season , he played in central defence alongside Rob Kiernan . The pair , however , received criticism for some of their performances . Colorado Rapids . On 29 January 2018 , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Major League Soccer side Colorado Rapids . International career . Youth teams . Wilson has represented Scotland throughout various underage levels , including captaining the under-19 national football team and features for the under-21 side , He has been involved in the international set-up since the age of 15 and captained the under-19s during 2009 . Due to his lack of regular first team football , Wilson dropped back into the under-21 team in October 2011 . He was a regular for the Under-21s in their 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying campaign and eventually made five appearances for the team . Senior team . On 16 November 2010 , Wilson played his first ever game for Scotland , scoring on his debut in a 3–0 win in a friendly against the Faroe Islands . On 27 March 2011 , he came off the bench to play against Brazil in a friendly match at the Emirates Stadium . In an important 2012 European Championship qualifying game against the Czech Republic , Wilson came on as a substitute and conceded a late penalty which allowed the Czechs to claim a late point at 2–2 . However replays of the incident showed that the Czech player involved , Jan Rezek , had dived under Wilsons challenge , and the referee Kevin Blom later admitted that he had been deceived . Career statistics . International . Sources : Honours . Club . - Rangers - Scottish Premier League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 - Scottish Cup ( 1 ) : 2009 - Scottish League Cup ( 1 ) : 2010 - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Scottish Challenge Cup ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2014–15 Individual . - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - SFWA Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - Scottish Championship PFA Scotland Team of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Danny Wilson LFChistory.net |
[
"Rangers"
]
| easy | Danny Wilson (footballer, born 1991) played for which team from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Danny_Wilson_(footballer,_born_1991)#P54#3 | Danny Wilson ( footballer , born 1991 ) Daniel John Wilson ( born 27 December 1991 ) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a centre back for Major League Soccer club Colorado Rapids . Wilson began his career with Rangers before leaving for English side Liverpool in 2010 . After failing to secure a first-team place he joined Blackpool , Bristol City and Heart of Midlothian on loan respectively , joining the latter on a permanent transfer in 2012 . Wilson returned to Rangers in 2015 on a free transfer , then moved in January 2018 to American club Colorado Rapids . He has also represented the Scottish national team at U-17 , U-19 , U-21 and at full international level . Club career . Rangers . Wilson came through the youth team ranks at Rangers and captained the under-19 team . He was tipped early on to have a big future at Ibrox ( being compared to Alan Hansen ) , even drawing interest from other clubs before he had made his professional debut . Wilson had been an unused substitute on several occasions during the latter part of the 2008–09 season , including the 2009 Scottish Cup Final against Falkirk . He made his professional debut for Rangers against Dundee in the League Cup , playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–1 win in October 2009 . Just over a week later , he became the youngest Rangers player to play in the UEFA Champions League by starting a 1–1 draw against Unirea Urziceni , aged just . After the match , Wilson described making his debut as unbelievable . While veteran captain David Weir commented on Wilson , reminding himself as a seventeen years old version of himself . Having made three appearance so far , Wilson says he doesnt expect to have more starts , once Majid Bougherra made his return . Weir then revealed that both Weir and Saša Papac helped him to handle his step up to the first team . Wilson scored his first goal for Rangers in a 4–1 away victory against Hearts at Tynecastle on 27 March 2010 . In mid-March , Wilson is close of signing a new contract , according to Manager Walter Smith . After a promising debut season , Wilson was awarded both the Scottish FWA Young Player of the Year award and the Scottish PFA Young Player of the Year award . He was also voted as Rangers Young Player of the Year by the clubs supporters . Upon receiving the awards , Wilson says winning the double in his first season with Rangers is something special . In all for Rangers , he played 26 times and scored once . He was sent off in the 2010 League Cup Final against St Mirren . After the match , Wilson says his sending off was his first and was gutted , in addition , he felt receiving a red card let the team down . While in process of signing a contract , Wilson was linked with Premier League sides Aston Villa and Liverpool . Liverpool . On 21 July 2010 , Wilson joined Liverpool and signed a three-year deal for an initial transfer fee of £2 million , potentially rising to £5 million based on appearances . Two months later , on 22 September 2010 , Wilson made his Liverpool debut . He appeared regularly for the reserves in the early part of the season , scoring his first goal for the second-string on 20 October 2010 , in a 3–3 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Prenton Park . He made his debut for the first team on 22 September 2010 in their defeat to League Two side Northampton Town in the third round of the League Cup ; Northampton winning 4–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw . In the January transfer window , Wilson was linked with a loan move to Rangerss Old Firm rival Celtic . Wilson played for Liverpool in a Europa League tie with Sparta Prague in which he played the full 90 minutes and was praised for his effort by manager Kenny Dalglish . He made his first Premier League start on 27 February 2011 at the Boleyn Ground in a 3–1 defeat against West Ham United . On 17 March , he again started a Europa League tie against Braga . On 2 April , he replaced the injured Daniel Agger during the first half in a 2–1 defeat away to West Bromwich Albion . In the 2011–12 season , Wilson wanted to leave Liverpool to go out on loan , in order to gain first team football experience . Rangers were among the teams interested in signing Wilson . Wilson made his first appearance against his ex side Rangers in a 1–0 friendly defeat on 18 October 2011 . Upon joining Hearts , Wilson says he didnt have any regrets about joining Liverpool and insisted it made him a better player . Loan spells . On 31 December 2011 it was confirmed that Wilson would join Blackpool on loan until the end of the season once the transfer window was declared opened the following day . He made his debut in Blackpool 2–1 win against Crystal Palace . On 22 November 2012 , he was loaned to Championship side Bristol City . He was given the number 40 shirt . Upon joining the club Wilson expressed surprise at the sides then league position which saw it languishing in the relegation zone . He made his first and only appearance for City as a 90th-minute substitute two days later in a 3–1 win away at Middlesbrough . Heart of Midlothian . On 18 January 2013 , he joined Scottish Premier League side Heart of Midlothian on loan from Liverpool until the end of the season . He was given the squad number four and made his debut the following day from the start at Celtic Park , in a Scottish Premier League match against Celtic , in a 4–1 defeat . He then played in the Scottish League Cup for the first time in three years when Hearts faced Inverness Caledonian Thistle , which Hearts won on a penalty-shootout after a 1–1 draw after extra-time . The win put Hearts into the final . However , there was controversy over his appearance when he last played in the Scottish League Cup , resulted in him receiving a red card three years ago . The Scottish FA stated that Wilson was indeed eligible , stating he served his ban at the beginning of season 2010/11 and the SFA does not operate competition-specific disciplinary procedures . In the final against St Mirren , Wilson started in the match , partnering a central defender with captain Andy Webster . The match ended with St Mirren winning 3–2 against , having gained revenge on him for three years ago . Since moving to Hearts , Wilson became a regular in the first team and was willing to stay at Hearts for the long term . On 27 May 2013 , it was announced that Wilson would sign a permanent deal with Hearts after his Liverpool contract was up in the summer . The move was initially blocked by the SPL following the club entering administration and being unable to register new players , but this was later rescinded and Wilson was confirmed as a Hearts player on 30 June . On 2 July , Hearts made Wilson club captain at the age of just 21 , which manager Gary Locke quote a big responsibility for him . It is thought this is the reason for Wilson re-signing with the club . Wilsons first game at Hearts as captain came in the opening game of the season , in a 1–0 defeat to St Johnstone . After winning 3–1 against Aberdeen on 24 August 2014 , Wilson was involved in a tunnel incident that saw him receive a one match ban . Then in November , Wilson played a role in giving Hearts points in two games when he assisted one goal in a 3–1 win over Aberdeen and another , in a 2–2 draw against Ross County . Soon , Wilson was on the sideline when he had tonsillitis and scored on his return in a 3–3 draw against St Johnstone . Wilson scored his second goal of the season a month later on 21 March 2014 , in a 2–1 loss against Dundee United . His third goal came in a 4–2 defeat to Partick Thistle on 7 May 2014 . However , Wilson was unable to help the club survive relegation from the Scottish Premiership . Despite this , Wilson made thirty-three appearances and scored three times in the league . Despite the relegation , Wilson vowed to help the club bounce back to the Scottish Premiership , as he was keen to stay at Hearts when they would be in the Scottish Championship . In his second season at Hearts , Wilson stated he was looking forward to playing in the Scottish Championship , and he scored the clubs first goal of the season in the Championship against his former club Rangers which he refused to celebrate . Hearts went on to win 2–1 . Wilson was soon on the sidelines when he strained his hamstring . Wilson made his return against Queen of the South and scored his second goal of the season , as well as providing two assists in a 4–1 win . Wilson captained Hearts through the 2014/15 season as they won the Championship and gained promotion to the Premiership . Near the end of the season , it was reported by BBC Sport that Wilson had exercised a clause in his contract allowing him to become a free agent . Return to Rangers . After leaving Hearts , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Rangers on 22 June 2015 . Wilson made his second debut for Rangers against Hibernian in the first round of the Challenge Cup on 25 July 2015 . Over the course of the subsequent season , he played in central defence alongside Rob Kiernan . The pair , however , received criticism for some of their performances . Colorado Rapids . On 29 January 2018 , Wilson signed a three-year contract with Major League Soccer side Colorado Rapids . International career . Youth teams . Wilson has represented Scotland throughout various underage levels , including captaining the under-19 national football team and features for the under-21 side , He has been involved in the international set-up since the age of 15 and captained the under-19s during 2009 . Due to his lack of regular first team football , Wilson dropped back into the under-21 team in October 2011 . He was a regular for the Under-21s in their 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying campaign and eventually made five appearances for the team . Senior team . On 16 November 2010 , Wilson played his first ever game for Scotland , scoring on his debut in a 3–0 win in a friendly against the Faroe Islands . On 27 March 2011 , he came off the bench to play against Brazil in a friendly match at the Emirates Stadium . In an important 2012 European Championship qualifying game against the Czech Republic , Wilson came on as a substitute and conceded a late penalty which allowed the Czechs to claim a late point at 2–2 . However replays of the incident showed that the Czech player involved , Jan Rezek , had dived under Wilsons challenge , and the referee Kevin Blom later admitted that he had been deceived . Career statistics . International . Sources : Honours . Club . - Rangers - Scottish Premier League ( 1 ) : 2009–10 - Scottish Cup ( 1 ) : 2009 - Scottish League Cup ( 1 ) : 2010 - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Scottish Challenge Cup ( 1 ) : 2015–16 - Heart of Midlothian - Scottish Championship ( 1 ) : 2014–15 Individual . - PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - SFWA Young Player of the Year : 2009–10 - Scottish Championship PFA Scotland Team of the Year : 2014–15 External links . - Danny Wilson LFChistory.net |
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| easy | What position did Christine Lagarde take from Oct 1999 to May 2007? | /wiki/Christine_Lagarde#P39#0 | Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde ( ; née Lallouette , ; born 1 January 1956 ) is a French politician , businessperson and lawyer serving as President of the European Central Bank since 1 November 2019 . Between July 2011 and September 2019 , she served as Chair and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . Lagarde previously held various senior ministerial posts in the Government of France : she was Minister of Commerce ( 2005–2007 ) , Minister of Agriculture and Fishing ( 2007 ) and Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry ( 2007–2011 ) . Lagarde was the first woman to become finance minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman to head both the ECB and the IMF . A noted antitrust and labour lawyer , Lagarde was the first female Chair of major international law firm Baker & McKenzie , between 1999 and 2004 . On 16 November 2009 , the Financial Times ranked her the best finance minister in the Eurozone . On 5 July 2011 , Lagarde replaced Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term . Her appointment was the 11th consecutive appointment of a European to head the IMF . She was reelected by consensus for a second five-year term , starting 5 July 2016 , being the only candidate nominated for the post . In December 2016 , a French court found her guilty of negligence relating to her role in the Bernard Tapie arbitration , but did not impose a penalty . In 2019 and again in 2020 , Forbes ranked her number two on its Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women list . Early life and education . Lagarde was born in Paris , France , into a family of teachers . Her father , Robert Lallouette , was a professor of English ; her mother , Nicole ( Carré ) , was a Latin , Greek and French literature teacher . Lagarde and her three younger brothers spent their childhood in Le Havre . There she attended the Lycée François 1er ( where her father taught ) and Lycée Claude Monet . As a teenager , Lagarde was a member of the French national synchronised swimming team . After her baccalauréat in 1973 , she went on an American Field Service scholarship to the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda , Maryland . During her year in the United States , Lagarde worked as an intern at the U.S . Capitol as Representative William Cohens congressional assistant , helping him correspond with French-speaking constituents from his northern Maine district during the Watergate hearings . She graduated from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense , where she obtained masters degrees in English , labour law , and social law . She also holds a masters degree from the Institut détudes politiques in Aix-en-Provence . Since 2010 , she has presided over the Aix schools board of directors . Professional career . Lagarde joined Baker & McKenzie , a large Chicago-based international law firm , in 1981 . She handled major antitrust and labour cases , was made partner after six years and was named head of the firm in Western Europe . She joined the executive committee in 1995 and was elected the companys first female chairman in October 1999 . In 2004 , Lagarde became president of the Global Strategic Committee . Ministerial career . As Frances Trade Minister between 2005 and May 2007 , Lagarde prioritized opening new markets for the countrys products , focusing on the technology sector . On 18 May 2007 , she was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the government of François Fillon . The following month she joined Fillons cabinet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment . She was the only member of the French political class to condemn Jean-Paul Guerlains racist remarks of 2010 . International Monetary Fund . Appointment . On 25 May 2011 , Lagarde announced her candidacy to be head of the IMF to succeed Dominique Strauss-Kahn , upon his resignation . Her candidacy received the support of the British , Indian , United States , Brazilian , Russian , Chinese and German governments . The governor of the Bank of Mexico ( and former Secretary of Finance ) Agustín Carstens was also nominated for the post . His candidacy was supported by many Latin American governments , as well as Spain , Canada and Australia . On 28 June 2011 , the IMF board elected Lagarde as its next managing director and chairman for a five-year term , starting on 5 July 2011 . The IMFs executive board praised both candidates as well-qualified , but decided on Lagarde by consensus . Lagarde became the first woman to be elected as the head of the IMF . Carstens would have been the first non-European . Her appointment came amid the intensification of the European sovereign debt crisis especially in Greece , with fears looming of loan defaults . The United States in particular supported her speedy appointment in light of the fragility of Europes economic situation . U.S . Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that Lagardes exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy . President Nicolas Sarkozy referred to Lagardes appointment as a victory for France . Oxfam , a charity working in developing nations , called the appointment process farcical and argued that what it saw as a lack of transparency hurt the IMFs credibility . On 17 December 2015 , Michel Sapin , French Finance Minister , said that Lagarde could stay on as head of the IMF , despite being charged with criminal negligence . Throughout her time at the IMF , she has repeatedly ruled herself out of the races to secure a top job in Europe , including the positions of President of the European Commission or President of the European Central Bank . However , on 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated to serve as the next president of the ECB , to succeed Mario Draghi . She subsequently submitted her resignation as managing director . Viewpoints . In July 2010 , Lagarde told the PBS NewsHour that the IMFs lending program for distressed European countries was a very massive plan , totally unexpected , totally counter-treaty , because it wasnt scheduled in the treaty that we should do a bailout program , as we did . She also said , we had essentially a trillion dollars on the table to confront any market attack that would target any country , whether its Greece , Spain , Portugal , or anybody within the eurozone . With respect to the French economy , she stated that besides short-term stimulus efforts : we must , very decisively , cut our deficit and reduce our debt . In public remarks made right after her appointment , Lagarde stated that both the IMF and EU required Greek austerity measures as a prerequisite for further aid . She said , If I have one message tonight about Greece , it is to call on the Greek political opposition to support the party that is currently in power in a spirit of national unity . She said of her predecessor that : The IMF has taken up the challenges of the crisis thanks to the actions of Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and to his team as well . On 25 December 2011 , Lagarde argued that the world economy was at risk and urged Europeans to unify in terms of the debt crisis facing the continent . In July 2012 , as the Greek economy continued to decline , and the countrys leaders asked for an easing of the terms of external assistance , Lagarde said she was not in the negotiation or renegotiation mood at all . A year later , though , with her own organization conceding that its rescue package for Greece had fallen short of what was required , Lagarde—having previously said that Greeces debt burden was sustainable—decided that Greece would not recover unless its debt was written off in a meaningful way . According to Yanis Varoufakis , the combative former Finance Minister of Greece , Lagarde and others at the top of the IMF have been quite sympathetic behind closed doors . However stating that inside the Eurogroup there were a few kind words and that was it . As the crisis peaked again in summer 2015 , Lagardes organization made headlines by calling for massive debt relief for Greece , a call she reiterated personally . In 2016 , the IMF refused to participate with eurozone countries in further emergency financing for Greece , because concrete measures to relieve the country of its debt burden remained absent . Questioned about her economic philosophy , Lagarde has described herself as with Adam Smith—that is , liberal . Payback controversy . In an interview in May 2012 , Lagarde was asked about the Greek government-debt crisis . She mentioned Greek tax avoidance , and assented to the interviewers suggestion that Greeks had had a nice time but now it is payback time . Her comments provoked controversy , with future Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stating , We dont need her compassion , and then-Deputy Prime Minister Evangelos Venizelos saying she had insulted the Greek people . In an effort to quell the negative response , the next day Lagarde made a post to her Facebook page saying : As I have said many times before , I am very sympathetic to the Greek people and the challenges they are facing . Within 24 hours , over 10,000 comments had been left in response , many of them obscene . To her belief that not enough Greeks paid their taxes , Professor Emeritus John Weeks of the University of London was quoted as saying The moral weight of Christine Lagardes matronising of the Greeks to pay their taxes is not strengthened by the fact that , as director of the IMF , she is in receipt of a tax-free annual salary of $468,000 ( £298,000 , plus perks ) . Robert W . Wood , in a Forbes article , wrote that No taxes is the norm for most United Nations employees covered by a convention on diplomatic relations signed by most nations . Comment on King Abdullah . In January 2015 , on the death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia , Lagarde said he was a strong believer in pushing forward womens rights , prompting a number of observers to comment on the life of women generally in Saudi Arabia . European Central Bank . On 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated by the European Council to succeed Mario Draghi as President of the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 1 November 2019 . On 17 September 2019 , the European Parliament voted via secret ballot to recommend her to the position , with 394 in favor , 206 opposed , and 49 abstentions . Confirmed by the European Council in its October summit , Lagarde became the first woman to serve as ECB President . As president , Lagarde is expected to maintain the accommodative monetary policy of her predecessor , Mario Draghi . When addressing the European Parliaments ECON Committee ahead of her appointment , Lagarde also expressed her willingness to make the ECB play a role in fighting climate change and to carry out a review of the ECBs monetary policy framework . Other activities . European Union institutions . - European Systemic Risk Board ( ESRB ) , ex officio chair of the General Board ( since 2019 ) - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) International organizations . - Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , ex officio member of the board of directors ( since 2019 ) - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - World Bank , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the board of trustees ( since 2011 ) Academic institutions . - Honorary fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge Controversy . The Lagarde list . In 2010 Lagarde , then finance minister of France , sent a list of 1,991 names of Greek customers who were potential tax avoiders with bank accounts at HSBCs Geneva branch to the Greek government . On 28 October 2012 , Greek reporter and editor Kostas Vaxevanis claimed to be in possession of the list and published a document with more than 2,000 names in his magazine Hot Doc . He was immediately arrested on charges of breaching privacy laws with a possible sentence of up to two years in prison . After a public outcry , Vaxevanis was found not guilty three days later . Vaxevanis then faced a retrial ( the Greek authorities were yet to charge anyone on the list ) , but was acquitted again . A few days before the Greek general elections of January 2015 , when it was clear that left-wing Syriza would come to power , the financial crimes police of the conservative government of Antonis Samaras shredded reams of documents pertaining to corruption cases . Investigation into negligence , and conviction . On 3 August 2011 , a French court ordered an investigation into Lagardes role in a €403 million arbitration deal in favour of businessman Bernard Tapie . On 20 March 2013 , Lagardes apartment in Paris was raided by French police as part of the investigation . On 24 May 2013 , after two days of questioning at the Court of Justice of the Republic ( CJR ) , Lagarde was assigned the status of assisted witness , meaning that she herself was not under investigation in the affair . According to a press report from June 2013 , Lagarde was described by Stéphane Richard , the CEO of France Telecom ( a former aide to Lagarde when she was finance minister ) , who was himself put under formal investigation in the case , as having been fully briefed before approving the arbitration process which benefitted Bernard Tapie . Subsequently , in August 2014 the CJR announced that it had formally approved a negligence investigation into Lagardes role in the arbitration of the Tapie case . On 17 December 2015 , the CJR ordered Lagarde to stand trial before it for alleged negligence in handling the Tapie arbitration approval . In December 2016 , the court found Lagarde guilty of negligence , but declined to impose a penalty . Media . Lagarde was interviewed in the documentary film Inside Job ( 2010 ) , which later won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . The American fashion magazine Vogue profiled Lagarde in September 2011 . Lagarde was portrayed by Laila Robins in the HBO television film Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , which was based on the popular non-fiction book of the same name by The New York Times journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin . Meryl Streep based parts of Miranda Priestlys appearance in the feature film The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) on Lagarde , citing her unassailable elegance and authority . Lagarde presented the 2014 Richard Dimbleby Lecture , titled A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century . Recognition . Awards . - 2011 – 9th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2012 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2013 – 7th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2014 – 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2015 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2016 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – #1 in the List of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations , awarded by UK-based company Richtopia - 2018 – 3rd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2019 – CARE Humanitarian Award , awarded by CARE - 2019 – Distinguished International Leadership Award , awarded by the Atlantic Council - 2019 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2020 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine National honours . - – Chevalier ( 13 July 2000 ) , promoted Officer , Order of Légion dhonneur ( 6 April 2012 ) - – Commander , Order of Mérite agricole - Honorary doctorate from KU Leuven ( Belgium ) – awarded at KU Leuven Kulak - Honorary doctorate from Université de Montréal . Personal life . Lagarde is divorced and has two sons , Pierre-Henri Lagarde ( born 1986 ) and Thomas Lagarde ( born 1988 ) . Since 2006 , her partner has been the entrepreneur Xavier Giocanti from Marseille . A health-conscious vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol , Lagardes hobbies include regular trips to the gym , cycling , and swimming . External links . - Column archives at Project Syndicate - Christine Lagarde collected news and commentary at Forbes |
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| easy | Christine Lagarde took which position in May 2007? | /wiki/Christine_Lagarde#P39#1 | Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde ( ; née Lallouette , ; born 1 January 1956 ) is a French politician , businessperson and lawyer serving as President of the European Central Bank since 1 November 2019 . Between July 2011 and September 2019 , she served as Chair and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . Lagarde previously held various senior ministerial posts in the Government of France : she was Minister of Commerce ( 2005–2007 ) , Minister of Agriculture and Fishing ( 2007 ) and Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry ( 2007–2011 ) . Lagarde was the first woman to become finance minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman to head both the ECB and the IMF . A noted antitrust and labour lawyer , Lagarde was the first female Chair of major international law firm Baker & McKenzie , between 1999 and 2004 . On 16 November 2009 , the Financial Times ranked her the best finance minister in the Eurozone . On 5 July 2011 , Lagarde replaced Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term . Her appointment was the 11th consecutive appointment of a European to head the IMF . She was reelected by consensus for a second five-year term , starting 5 July 2016 , being the only candidate nominated for the post . In December 2016 , a French court found her guilty of negligence relating to her role in the Bernard Tapie arbitration , but did not impose a penalty . In 2019 and again in 2020 , Forbes ranked her number two on its Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women list . Early life and education . Lagarde was born in Paris , France , into a family of teachers . Her father , Robert Lallouette , was a professor of English ; her mother , Nicole ( Carré ) , was a Latin , Greek and French literature teacher . Lagarde and her three younger brothers spent their childhood in Le Havre . There she attended the Lycée François 1er ( where her father taught ) and Lycée Claude Monet . As a teenager , Lagarde was a member of the French national synchronised swimming team . After her baccalauréat in 1973 , she went on an American Field Service scholarship to the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda , Maryland . During her year in the United States , Lagarde worked as an intern at the U.S . Capitol as Representative William Cohens congressional assistant , helping him correspond with French-speaking constituents from his northern Maine district during the Watergate hearings . She graduated from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense , where she obtained masters degrees in English , labour law , and social law . She also holds a masters degree from the Institut détudes politiques in Aix-en-Provence . Since 2010 , she has presided over the Aix schools board of directors . Professional career . Lagarde joined Baker & McKenzie , a large Chicago-based international law firm , in 1981 . She handled major antitrust and labour cases , was made partner after six years and was named head of the firm in Western Europe . She joined the executive committee in 1995 and was elected the companys first female chairman in October 1999 . In 2004 , Lagarde became president of the Global Strategic Committee . Ministerial career . As Frances Trade Minister between 2005 and May 2007 , Lagarde prioritized opening new markets for the countrys products , focusing on the technology sector . On 18 May 2007 , she was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the government of François Fillon . The following month she joined Fillons cabinet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment . She was the only member of the French political class to condemn Jean-Paul Guerlains racist remarks of 2010 . International Monetary Fund . Appointment . On 25 May 2011 , Lagarde announced her candidacy to be head of the IMF to succeed Dominique Strauss-Kahn , upon his resignation . Her candidacy received the support of the British , Indian , United States , Brazilian , Russian , Chinese and German governments . The governor of the Bank of Mexico ( and former Secretary of Finance ) Agustín Carstens was also nominated for the post . His candidacy was supported by many Latin American governments , as well as Spain , Canada and Australia . On 28 June 2011 , the IMF board elected Lagarde as its next managing director and chairman for a five-year term , starting on 5 July 2011 . The IMFs executive board praised both candidates as well-qualified , but decided on Lagarde by consensus . Lagarde became the first woman to be elected as the head of the IMF . Carstens would have been the first non-European . Her appointment came amid the intensification of the European sovereign debt crisis especially in Greece , with fears looming of loan defaults . The United States in particular supported her speedy appointment in light of the fragility of Europes economic situation . U.S . Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that Lagardes exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy . President Nicolas Sarkozy referred to Lagardes appointment as a victory for France . Oxfam , a charity working in developing nations , called the appointment process farcical and argued that what it saw as a lack of transparency hurt the IMFs credibility . On 17 December 2015 , Michel Sapin , French Finance Minister , said that Lagarde could stay on as head of the IMF , despite being charged with criminal negligence . Throughout her time at the IMF , she has repeatedly ruled herself out of the races to secure a top job in Europe , including the positions of President of the European Commission or President of the European Central Bank . However , on 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated to serve as the next president of the ECB , to succeed Mario Draghi . She subsequently submitted her resignation as managing director . Viewpoints . In July 2010 , Lagarde told the PBS NewsHour that the IMFs lending program for distressed European countries was a very massive plan , totally unexpected , totally counter-treaty , because it wasnt scheduled in the treaty that we should do a bailout program , as we did . She also said , we had essentially a trillion dollars on the table to confront any market attack that would target any country , whether its Greece , Spain , Portugal , or anybody within the eurozone . With respect to the French economy , she stated that besides short-term stimulus efforts : we must , very decisively , cut our deficit and reduce our debt . In public remarks made right after her appointment , Lagarde stated that both the IMF and EU required Greek austerity measures as a prerequisite for further aid . She said , If I have one message tonight about Greece , it is to call on the Greek political opposition to support the party that is currently in power in a spirit of national unity . She said of her predecessor that : The IMF has taken up the challenges of the crisis thanks to the actions of Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and to his team as well . On 25 December 2011 , Lagarde argued that the world economy was at risk and urged Europeans to unify in terms of the debt crisis facing the continent . In July 2012 , as the Greek economy continued to decline , and the countrys leaders asked for an easing of the terms of external assistance , Lagarde said she was not in the negotiation or renegotiation mood at all . A year later , though , with her own organization conceding that its rescue package for Greece had fallen short of what was required , Lagarde—having previously said that Greeces debt burden was sustainable—decided that Greece would not recover unless its debt was written off in a meaningful way . According to Yanis Varoufakis , the combative former Finance Minister of Greece , Lagarde and others at the top of the IMF have been quite sympathetic behind closed doors . However stating that inside the Eurogroup there were a few kind words and that was it . As the crisis peaked again in summer 2015 , Lagardes organization made headlines by calling for massive debt relief for Greece , a call she reiterated personally . In 2016 , the IMF refused to participate with eurozone countries in further emergency financing for Greece , because concrete measures to relieve the country of its debt burden remained absent . Questioned about her economic philosophy , Lagarde has described herself as with Adam Smith—that is , liberal . Payback controversy . In an interview in May 2012 , Lagarde was asked about the Greek government-debt crisis . She mentioned Greek tax avoidance , and assented to the interviewers suggestion that Greeks had had a nice time but now it is payback time . Her comments provoked controversy , with future Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stating , We dont need her compassion , and then-Deputy Prime Minister Evangelos Venizelos saying she had insulted the Greek people . In an effort to quell the negative response , the next day Lagarde made a post to her Facebook page saying : As I have said many times before , I am very sympathetic to the Greek people and the challenges they are facing . Within 24 hours , over 10,000 comments had been left in response , many of them obscene . To her belief that not enough Greeks paid their taxes , Professor Emeritus John Weeks of the University of London was quoted as saying The moral weight of Christine Lagardes matronising of the Greeks to pay their taxes is not strengthened by the fact that , as director of the IMF , she is in receipt of a tax-free annual salary of $468,000 ( £298,000 , plus perks ) . Robert W . Wood , in a Forbes article , wrote that No taxes is the norm for most United Nations employees covered by a convention on diplomatic relations signed by most nations . Comment on King Abdullah . In January 2015 , on the death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia , Lagarde said he was a strong believer in pushing forward womens rights , prompting a number of observers to comment on the life of women generally in Saudi Arabia . European Central Bank . On 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated by the European Council to succeed Mario Draghi as President of the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 1 November 2019 . On 17 September 2019 , the European Parliament voted via secret ballot to recommend her to the position , with 394 in favor , 206 opposed , and 49 abstentions . Confirmed by the European Council in its October summit , Lagarde became the first woman to serve as ECB President . As president , Lagarde is expected to maintain the accommodative monetary policy of her predecessor , Mario Draghi . When addressing the European Parliaments ECON Committee ahead of her appointment , Lagarde also expressed her willingness to make the ECB play a role in fighting climate change and to carry out a review of the ECBs monetary policy framework . Other activities . European Union institutions . - European Systemic Risk Board ( ESRB ) , ex officio chair of the General Board ( since 2019 ) - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) International organizations . - Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , ex officio member of the board of directors ( since 2019 ) - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - World Bank , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the board of trustees ( since 2011 ) Academic institutions . - Honorary fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge Controversy . The Lagarde list . In 2010 Lagarde , then finance minister of France , sent a list of 1,991 names of Greek customers who were potential tax avoiders with bank accounts at HSBCs Geneva branch to the Greek government . On 28 October 2012 , Greek reporter and editor Kostas Vaxevanis claimed to be in possession of the list and published a document with more than 2,000 names in his magazine Hot Doc . He was immediately arrested on charges of breaching privacy laws with a possible sentence of up to two years in prison . After a public outcry , Vaxevanis was found not guilty three days later . Vaxevanis then faced a retrial ( the Greek authorities were yet to charge anyone on the list ) , but was acquitted again . A few days before the Greek general elections of January 2015 , when it was clear that left-wing Syriza would come to power , the financial crimes police of the conservative government of Antonis Samaras shredded reams of documents pertaining to corruption cases . Investigation into negligence , and conviction . On 3 August 2011 , a French court ordered an investigation into Lagardes role in a €403 million arbitration deal in favour of businessman Bernard Tapie . On 20 March 2013 , Lagardes apartment in Paris was raided by French police as part of the investigation . On 24 May 2013 , after two days of questioning at the Court of Justice of the Republic ( CJR ) , Lagarde was assigned the status of assisted witness , meaning that she herself was not under investigation in the affair . According to a press report from June 2013 , Lagarde was described by Stéphane Richard , the CEO of France Telecom ( a former aide to Lagarde when she was finance minister ) , who was himself put under formal investigation in the case , as having been fully briefed before approving the arbitration process which benefitted Bernard Tapie . Subsequently , in August 2014 the CJR announced that it had formally approved a negligence investigation into Lagardes role in the arbitration of the Tapie case . On 17 December 2015 , the CJR ordered Lagarde to stand trial before it for alleged negligence in handling the Tapie arbitration approval . In December 2016 , the court found Lagarde guilty of negligence , but declined to impose a penalty . Media . Lagarde was interviewed in the documentary film Inside Job ( 2010 ) , which later won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . The American fashion magazine Vogue profiled Lagarde in September 2011 . Lagarde was portrayed by Laila Robins in the HBO television film Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , which was based on the popular non-fiction book of the same name by The New York Times journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin . Meryl Streep based parts of Miranda Priestlys appearance in the feature film The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) on Lagarde , citing her unassailable elegance and authority . Lagarde presented the 2014 Richard Dimbleby Lecture , titled A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century . Recognition . Awards . - 2011 – 9th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2012 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2013 – 7th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2014 – 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2015 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2016 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – #1 in the List of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations , awarded by UK-based company Richtopia - 2018 – 3rd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2019 – CARE Humanitarian Award , awarded by CARE - 2019 – Distinguished International Leadership Award , awarded by the Atlantic Council - 2019 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2020 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine National honours . - – Chevalier ( 13 July 2000 ) , promoted Officer , Order of Légion dhonneur ( 6 April 2012 ) - – Commander , Order of Mérite agricole - Honorary doctorate from KU Leuven ( Belgium ) – awarded at KU Leuven Kulak - Honorary doctorate from Université de Montréal . Personal life . Lagarde is divorced and has two sons , Pierre-Henri Lagarde ( born 1986 ) and Thomas Lagarde ( born 1988 ) . Since 2006 , her partner has been the entrepreneur Xavier Giocanti from Marseille . A health-conscious vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol , Lagardes hobbies include regular trips to the gym , cycling , and swimming . External links . - Column archives at Project Syndicate - Christine Lagarde collected news and commentary at Forbes |
[
"Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment"
]
| easy | Christine Lagarde took which position from Jun 2007 to Jun 2011? | /wiki/Christine_Lagarde#P39#2 | Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde ( ; née Lallouette , ; born 1 January 1956 ) is a French politician , businessperson and lawyer serving as President of the European Central Bank since 1 November 2019 . Between July 2011 and September 2019 , she served as Chair and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . Lagarde previously held various senior ministerial posts in the Government of France : she was Minister of Commerce ( 2005–2007 ) , Minister of Agriculture and Fishing ( 2007 ) and Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry ( 2007–2011 ) . Lagarde was the first woman to become finance minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman to head both the ECB and the IMF . A noted antitrust and labour lawyer , Lagarde was the first female Chair of major international law firm Baker & McKenzie , between 1999 and 2004 . On 16 November 2009 , the Financial Times ranked her the best finance minister in the Eurozone . On 5 July 2011 , Lagarde replaced Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term . Her appointment was the 11th consecutive appointment of a European to head the IMF . She was reelected by consensus for a second five-year term , starting 5 July 2016 , being the only candidate nominated for the post . In December 2016 , a French court found her guilty of negligence relating to her role in the Bernard Tapie arbitration , but did not impose a penalty . In 2019 and again in 2020 , Forbes ranked her number two on its Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women list . Early life and education . Lagarde was born in Paris , France , into a family of teachers . Her father , Robert Lallouette , was a professor of English ; her mother , Nicole ( Carré ) , was a Latin , Greek and French literature teacher . Lagarde and her three younger brothers spent their childhood in Le Havre . There she attended the Lycée François 1er ( where her father taught ) and Lycée Claude Monet . As a teenager , Lagarde was a member of the French national synchronised swimming team . After her baccalauréat in 1973 , she went on an American Field Service scholarship to the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda , Maryland . During her year in the United States , Lagarde worked as an intern at the U.S . Capitol as Representative William Cohens congressional assistant , helping him correspond with French-speaking constituents from his northern Maine district during the Watergate hearings . She graduated from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense , where she obtained masters degrees in English , labour law , and social law . She also holds a masters degree from the Institut détudes politiques in Aix-en-Provence . Since 2010 , she has presided over the Aix schools board of directors . Professional career . Lagarde joined Baker & McKenzie , a large Chicago-based international law firm , in 1981 . She handled major antitrust and labour cases , was made partner after six years and was named head of the firm in Western Europe . She joined the executive committee in 1995 and was elected the companys first female chairman in October 1999 . In 2004 , Lagarde became president of the Global Strategic Committee . Ministerial career . As Frances Trade Minister between 2005 and May 2007 , Lagarde prioritized opening new markets for the countrys products , focusing on the technology sector . On 18 May 2007 , she was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the government of François Fillon . The following month she joined Fillons cabinet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment . She was the only member of the French political class to condemn Jean-Paul Guerlains racist remarks of 2010 . International Monetary Fund . Appointment . On 25 May 2011 , Lagarde announced her candidacy to be head of the IMF to succeed Dominique Strauss-Kahn , upon his resignation . Her candidacy received the support of the British , Indian , United States , Brazilian , Russian , Chinese and German governments . The governor of the Bank of Mexico ( and former Secretary of Finance ) Agustín Carstens was also nominated for the post . His candidacy was supported by many Latin American governments , as well as Spain , Canada and Australia . On 28 June 2011 , the IMF board elected Lagarde as its next managing director and chairman for a five-year term , starting on 5 July 2011 . The IMFs executive board praised both candidates as well-qualified , but decided on Lagarde by consensus . Lagarde became the first woman to be elected as the head of the IMF . Carstens would have been the first non-European . Her appointment came amid the intensification of the European sovereign debt crisis especially in Greece , with fears looming of loan defaults . The United States in particular supported her speedy appointment in light of the fragility of Europes economic situation . U.S . Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that Lagardes exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy . President Nicolas Sarkozy referred to Lagardes appointment as a victory for France . Oxfam , a charity working in developing nations , called the appointment process farcical and argued that what it saw as a lack of transparency hurt the IMFs credibility . On 17 December 2015 , Michel Sapin , French Finance Minister , said that Lagarde could stay on as head of the IMF , despite being charged with criminal negligence . Throughout her time at the IMF , she has repeatedly ruled herself out of the races to secure a top job in Europe , including the positions of President of the European Commission or President of the European Central Bank . However , on 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated to serve as the next president of the ECB , to succeed Mario Draghi . She subsequently submitted her resignation as managing director . Viewpoints . In July 2010 , Lagarde told the PBS NewsHour that the IMFs lending program for distressed European countries was a very massive plan , totally unexpected , totally counter-treaty , because it wasnt scheduled in the treaty that we should do a bailout program , as we did . She also said , we had essentially a trillion dollars on the table to confront any market attack that would target any country , whether its Greece , Spain , Portugal , or anybody within the eurozone . With respect to the French economy , she stated that besides short-term stimulus efforts : we must , very decisively , cut our deficit and reduce our debt . In public remarks made right after her appointment , Lagarde stated that both the IMF and EU required Greek austerity measures as a prerequisite for further aid . She said , If I have one message tonight about Greece , it is to call on the Greek political opposition to support the party that is currently in power in a spirit of national unity . She said of her predecessor that : The IMF has taken up the challenges of the crisis thanks to the actions of Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and to his team as well . On 25 December 2011 , Lagarde argued that the world economy was at risk and urged Europeans to unify in terms of the debt crisis facing the continent . In July 2012 , as the Greek economy continued to decline , and the countrys leaders asked for an easing of the terms of external assistance , Lagarde said she was not in the negotiation or renegotiation mood at all . A year later , though , with her own organization conceding that its rescue package for Greece had fallen short of what was required , Lagarde—having previously said that Greeces debt burden was sustainable—decided that Greece would not recover unless its debt was written off in a meaningful way . According to Yanis Varoufakis , the combative former Finance Minister of Greece , Lagarde and others at the top of the IMF have been quite sympathetic behind closed doors . However stating that inside the Eurogroup there were a few kind words and that was it . As the crisis peaked again in summer 2015 , Lagardes organization made headlines by calling for massive debt relief for Greece , a call she reiterated personally . In 2016 , the IMF refused to participate with eurozone countries in further emergency financing for Greece , because concrete measures to relieve the country of its debt burden remained absent . Questioned about her economic philosophy , Lagarde has described herself as with Adam Smith—that is , liberal . Payback controversy . In an interview in May 2012 , Lagarde was asked about the Greek government-debt crisis . She mentioned Greek tax avoidance , and assented to the interviewers suggestion that Greeks had had a nice time but now it is payback time . Her comments provoked controversy , with future Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stating , We dont need her compassion , and then-Deputy Prime Minister Evangelos Venizelos saying she had insulted the Greek people . In an effort to quell the negative response , the next day Lagarde made a post to her Facebook page saying : As I have said many times before , I am very sympathetic to the Greek people and the challenges they are facing . Within 24 hours , over 10,000 comments had been left in response , many of them obscene . To her belief that not enough Greeks paid their taxes , Professor Emeritus John Weeks of the University of London was quoted as saying The moral weight of Christine Lagardes matronising of the Greeks to pay their taxes is not strengthened by the fact that , as director of the IMF , she is in receipt of a tax-free annual salary of $468,000 ( £298,000 , plus perks ) . Robert W . Wood , in a Forbes article , wrote that No taxes is the norm for most United Nations employees covered by a convention on diplomatic relations signed by most nations . Comment on King Abdullah . In January 2015 , on the death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia , Lagarde said he was a strong believer in pushing forward womens rights , prompting a number of observers to comment on the life of women generally in Saudi Arabia . European Central Bank . On 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated by the European Council to succeed Mario Draghi as President of the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 1 November 2019 . On 17 September 2019 , the European Parliament voted via secret ballot to recommend her to the position , with 394 in favor , 206 opposed , and 49 abstentions . Confirmed by the European Council in its October summit , Lagarde became the first woman to serve as ECB President . As president , Lagarde is expected to maintain the accommodative monetary policy of her predecessor , Mario Draghi . When addressing the European Parliaments ECON Committee ahead of her appointment , Lagarde also expressed her willingness to make the ECB play a role in fighting climate change and to carry out a review of the ECBs monetary policy framework . Other activities . European Union institutions . - European Systemic Risk Board ( ESRB ) , ex officio chair of the General Board ( since 2019 ) - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) International organizations . - Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , ex officio member of the board of directors ( since 2019 ) - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - World Bank , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the board of trustees ( since 2011 ) Academic institutions . - Honorary fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge Controversy . The Lagarde list . In 2010 Lagarde , then finance minister of France , sent a list of 1,991 names of Greek customers who were potential tax avoiders with bank accounts at HSBCs Geneva branch to the Greek government . On 28 October 2012 , Greek reporter and editor Kostas Vaxevanis claimed to be in possession of the list and published a document with more than 2,000 names in his magazine Hot Doc . He was immediately arrested on charges of breaching privacy laws with a possible sentence of up to two years in prison . After a public outcry , Vaxevanis was found not guilty three days later . Vaxevanis then faced a retrial ( the Greek authorities were yet to charge anyone on the list ) , but was acquitted again . A few days before the Greek general elections of January 2015 , when it was clear that left-wing Syriza would come to power , the financial crimes police of the conservative government of Antonis Samaras shredded reams of documents pertaining to corruption cases . Investigation into negligence , and conviction . On 3 August 2011 , a French court ordered an investigation into Lagardes role in a €403 million arbitration deal in favour of businessman Bernard Tapie . On 20 March 2013 , Lagardes apartment in Paris was raided by French police as part of the investigation . On 24 May 2013 , after two days of questioning at the Court of Justice of the Republic ( CJR ) , Lagarde was assigned the status of assisted witness , meaning that she herself was not under investigation in the affair . According to a press report from June 2013 , Lagarde was described by Stéphane Richard , the CEO of France Telecom ( a former aide to Lagarde when she was finance minister ) , who was himself put under formal investigation in the case , as having been fully briefed before approving the arbitration process which benefitted Bernard Tapie . Subsequently , in August 2014 the CJR announced that it had formally approved a negligence investigation into Lagardes role in the arbitration of the Tapie case . On 17 December 2015 , the CJR ordered Lagarde to stand trial before it for alleged negligence in handling the Tapie arbitration approval . In December 2016 , the court found Lagarde guilty of negligence , but declined to impose a penalty . Media . Lagarde was interviewed in the documentary film Inside Job ( 2010 ) , which later won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . The American fashion magazine Vogue profiled Lagarde in September 2011 . Lagarde was portrayed by Laila Robins in the HBO television film Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , which was based on the popular non-fiction book of the same name by The New York Times journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin . Meryl Streep based parts of Miranda Priestlys appearance in the feature film The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) on Lagarde , citing her unassailable elegance and authority . Lagarde presented the 2014 Richard Dimbleby Lecture , titled A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century . Recognition . Awards . - 2011 – 9th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2012 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2013 – 7th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2014 – 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2015 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2016 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – #1 in the List of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations , awarded by UK-based company Richtopia - 2018 – 3rd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2019 – CARE Humanitarian Award , awarded by CARE - 2019 – Distinguished International Leadership Award , awarded by the Atlantic Council - 2019 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2020 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine National honours . - – Chevalier ( 13 July 2000 ) , promoted Officer , Order of Légion dhonneur ( 6 April 2012 ) - – Commander , Order of Mérite agricole - Honorary doctorate from KU Leuven ( Belgium ) – awarded at KU Leuven Kulak - Honorary doctorate from Université de Montréal . Personal life . Lagarde is divorced and has two sons , Pierre-Henri Lagarde ( born 1986 ) and Thomas Lagarde ( born 1988 ) . Since 2006 , her partner has been the entrepreneur Xavier Giocanti from Marseille . A health-conscious vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol , Lagardes hobbies include regular trips to the gym , cycling , and swimming . External links . - Column archives at Project Syndicate - Christine Lagarde collected news and commentary at Forbes |
[
"managing director and chairman"
]
| easy | Christine Lagarde took which position from Jun 2011 to Sep 2019? | /wiki/Christine_Lagarde#P39#3 | Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde ( ; née Lallouette , ; born 1 January 1956 ) is a French politician , businessperson and lawyer serving as President of the European Central Bank since 1 November 2019 . Between July 2011 and September 2019 , she served as Chair and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . Lagarde previously held various senior ministerial posts in the Government of France : she was Minister of Commerce ( 2005–2007 ) , Minister of Agriculture and Fishing ( 2007 ) and Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry ( 2007–2011 ) . Lagarde was the first woman to become finance minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman to head both the ECB and the IMF . A noted antitrust and labour lawyer , Lagarde was the first female Chair of major international law firm Baker & McKenzie , between 1999 and 2004 . On 16 November 2009 , the Financial Times ranked her the best finance minister in the Eurozone . On 5 July 2011 , Lagarde replaced Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term . Her appointment was the 11th consecutive appointment of a European to head the IMF . She was reelected by consensus for a second five-year term , starting 5 July 2016 , being the only candidate nominated for the post . In December 2016 , a French court found her guilty of negligence relating to her role in the Bernard Tapie arbitration , but did not impose a penalty . In 2019 and again in 2020 , Forbes ranked her number two on its Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women list . Early life and education . Lagarde was born in Paris , France , into a family of teachers . Her father , Robert Lallouette , was a professor of English ; her mother , Nicole ( Carré ) , was a Latin , Greek and French literature teacher . Lagarde and her three younger brothers spent their childhood in Le Havre . There she attended the Lycée François 1er ( where her father taught ) and Lycée Claude Monet . As a teenager , Lagarde was a member of the French national synchronised swimming team . After her baccalauréat in 1973 , she went on an American Field Service scholarship to the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda , Maryland . During her year in the United States , Lagarde worked as an intern at the U.S . Capitol as Representative William Cohens congressional assistant , helping him correspond with French-speaking constituents from his northern Maine district during the Watergate hearings . She graduated from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense , where she obtained masters degrees in English , labour law , and social law . She also holds a masters degree from the Institut détudes politiques in Aix-en-Provence . Since 2010 , she has presided over the Aix schools board of directors . Professional career . Lagarde joined Baker & McKenzie , a large Chicago-based international law firm , in 1981 . She handled major antitrust and labour cases , was made partner after six years and was named head of the firm in Western Europe . She joined the executive committee in 1995 and was elected the companys first female chairman in October 1999 . In 2004 , Lagarde became president of the Global Strategic Committee . Ministerial career . As Frances Trade Minister between 2005 and May 2007 , Lagarde prioritized opening new markets for the countrys products , focusing on the technology sector . On 18 May 2007 , she was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the government of François Fillon . The following month she joined Fillons cabinet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment . She was the only member of the French political class to condemn Jean-Paul Guerlains racist remarks of 2010 . International Monetary Fund . Appointment . On 25 May 2011 , Lagarde announced her candidacy to be head of the IMF to succeed Dominique Strauss-Kahn , upon his resignation . Her candidacy received the support of the British , Indian , United States , Brazilian , Russian , Chinese and German governments . The governor of the Bank of Mexico ( and former Secretary of Finance ) Agustín Carstens was also nominated for the post . His candidacy was supported by many Latin American governments , as well as Spain , Canada and Australia . On 28 June 2011 , the IMF board elected Lagarde as its next managing director and chairman for a five-year term , starting on 5 July 2011 . The IMFs executive board praised both candidates as well-qualified , but decided on Lagarde by consensus . Lagarde became the first woman to be elected as the head of the IMF . Carstens would have been the first non-European . Her appointment came amid the intensification of the European sovereign debt crisis especially in Greece , with fears looming of loan defaults . The United States in particular supported her speedy appointment in light of the fragility of Europes economic situation . U.S . Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that Lagardes exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy . President Nicolas Sarkozy referred to Lagardes appointment as a victory for France . Oxfam , a charity working in developing nations , called the appointment process farcical and argued that what it saw as a lack of transparency hurt the IMFs credibility . On 17 December 2015 , Michel Sapin , French Finance Minister , said that Lagarde could stay on as head of the IMF , despite being charged with criminal negligence . Throughout her time at the IMF , she has repeatedly ruled herself out of the races to secure a top job in Europe , including the positions of President of the European Commission or President of the European Central Bank . However , on 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated to serve as the next president of the ECB , to succeed Mario Draghi . She subsequently submitted her resignation as managing director . Viewpoints . In July 2010 , Lagarde told the PBS NewsHour that the IMFs lending program for distressed European countries was a very massive plan , totally unexpected , totally counter-treaty , because it wasnt scheduled in the treaty that we should do a bailout program , as we did . She also said , we had essentially a trillion dollars on the table to confront any market attack that would target any country , whether its Greece , Spain , Portugal , or anybody within the eurozone . With respect to the French economy , she stated that besides short-term stimulus efforts : we must , very decisively , cut our deficit and reduce our debt . In public remarks made right after her appointment , Lagarde stated that both the IMF and EU required Greek austerity measures as a prerequisite for further aid . She said , If I have one message tonight about Greece , it is to call on the Greek political opposition to support the party that is currently in power in a spirit of national unity . She said of her predecessor that : The IMF has taken up the challenges of the crisis thanks to the actions of Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and to his team as well . On 25 December 2011 , Lagarde argued that the world economy was at risk and urged Europeans to unify in terms of the debt crisis facing the continent . In July 2012 , as the Greek economy continued to decline , and the countrys leaders asked for an easing of the terms of external assistance , Lagarde said she was not in the negotiation or renegotiation mood at all . A year later , though , with her own organization conceding that its rescue package for Greece had fallen short of what was required , Lagarde—having previously said that Greeces debt burden was sustainable—decided that Greece would not recover unless its debt was written off in a meaningful way . According to Yanis Varoufakis , the combative former Finance Minister of Greece , Lagarde and others at the top of the IMF have been quite sympathetic behind closed doors . However stating that inside the Eurogroup there were a few kind words and that was it . As the crisis peaked again in summer 2015 , Lagardes organization made headlines by calling for massive debt relief for Greece , a call she reiterated personally . In 2016 , the IMF refused to participate with eurozone countries in further emergency financing for Greece , because concrete measures to relieve the country of its debt burden remained absent . Questioned about her economic philosophy , Lagarde has described herself as with Adam Smith—that is , liberal . Payback controversy . In an interview in May 2012 , Lagarde was asked about the Greek government-debt crisis . She mentioned Greek tax avoidance , and assented to the interviewers suggestion that Greeks had had a nice time but now it is payback time . Her comments provoked controversy , with future Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stating , We dont need her compassion , and then-Deputy Prime Minister Evangelos Venizelos saying she had insulted the Greek people . In an effort to quell the negative response , the next day Lagarde made a post to her Facebook page saying : As I have said many times before , I am very sympathetic to the Greek people and the challenges they are facing . Within 24 hours , over 10,000 comments had been left in response , many of them obscene . To her belief that not enough Greeks paid their taxes , Professor Emeritus John Weeks of the University of London was quoted as saying The moral weight of Christine Lagardes matronising of the Greeks to pay their taxes is not strengthened by the fact that , as director of the IMF , she is in receipt of a tax-free annual salary of $468,000 ( £298,000 , plus perks ) . Robert W . Wood , in a Forbes article , wrote that No taxes is the norm for most United Nations employees covered by a convention on diplomatic relations signed by most nations . Comment on King Abdullah . In January 2015 , on the death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia , Lagarde said he was a strong believer in pushing forward womens rights , prompting a number of observers to comment on the life of women generally in Saudi Arabia . European Central Bank . On 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated by the European Council to succeed Mario Draghi as President of the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 1 November 2019 . On 17 September 2019 , the European Parliament voted via secret ballot to recommend her to the position , with 394 in favor , 206 opposed , and 49 abstentions . Confirmed by the European Council in its October summit , Lagarde became the first woman to serve as ECB President . As president , Lagarde is expected to maintain the accommodative monetary policy of her predecessor , Mario Draghi . When addressing the European Parliaments ECON Committee ahead of her appointment , Lagarde also expressed her willingness to make the ECB play a role in fighting climate change and to carry out a review of the ECBs monetary policy framework . Other activities . European Union institutions . - European Systemic Risk Board ( ESRB ) , ex officio chair of the General Board ( since 2019 ) - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) International organizations . - Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , ex officio member of the board of directors ( since 2019 ) - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - World Bank , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the board of trustees ( since 2011 ) Academic institutions . - Honorary fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge Controversy . The Lagarde list . In 2010 Lagarde , then finance minister of France , sent a list of 1,991 names of Greek customers who were potential tax avoiders with bank accounts at HSBCs Geneva branch to the Greek government . On 28 October 2012 , Greek reporter and editor Kostas Vaxevanis claimed to be in possession of the list and published a document with more than 2,000 names in his magazine Hot Doc . He was immediately arrested on charges of breaching privacy laws with a possible sentence of up to two years in prison . After a public outcry , Vaxevanis was found not guilty three days later . Vaxevanis then faced a retrial ( the Greek authorities were yet to charge anyone on the list ) , but was acquitted again . A few days before the Greek general elections of January 2015 , when it was clear that left-wing Syriza would come to power , the financial crimes police of the conservative government of Antonis Samaras shredded reams of documents pertaining to corruption cases . Investigation into negligence , and conviction . On 3 August 2011 , a French court ordered an investigation into Lagardes role in a €403 million arbitration deal in favour of businessman Bernard Tapie . On 20 March 2013 , Lagardes apartment in Paris was raided by French police as part of the investigation . On 24 May 2013 , after two days of questioning at the Court of Justice of the Republic ( CJR ) , Lagarde was assigned the status of assisted witness , meaning that she herself was not under investigation in the affair . According to a press report from June 2013 , Lagarde was described by Stéphane Richard , the CEO of France Telecom ( a former aide to Lagarde when she was finance minister ) , who was himself put under formal investigation in the case , as having been fully briefed before approving the arbitration process which benefitted Bernard Tapie . Subsequently , in August 2014 the CJR announced that it had formally approved a negligence investigation into Lagardes role in the arbitration of the Tapie case . On 17 December 2015 , the CJR ordered Lagarde to stand trial before it for alleged negligence in handling the Tapie arbitration approval . In December 2016 , the court found Lagarde guilty of negligence , but declined to impose a penalty . Media . Lagarde was interviewed in the documentary film Inside Job ( 2010 ) , which later won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . The American fashion magazine Vogue profiled Lagarde in September 2011 . Lagarde was portrayed by Laila Robins in the HBO television film Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , which was based on the popular non-fiction book of the same name by The New York Times journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin . Meryl Streep based parts of Miranda Priestlys appearance in the feature film The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) on Lagarde , citing her unassailable elegance and authority . Lagarde presented the 2014 Richard Dimbleby Lecture , titled A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century . Recognition . Awards . - 2011 – 9th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2012 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2013 – 7th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2014 – 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2015 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2016 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – #1 in the List of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations , awarded by UK-based company Richtopia - 2018 – 3rd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2019 – CARE Humanitarian Award , awarded by CARE - 2019 – Distinguished International Leadership Award , awarded by the Atlantic Council - 2019 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2020 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine National honours . - – Chevalier ( 13 July 2000 ) , promoted Officer , Order of Légion dhonneur ( 6 April 2012 ) - – Commander , Order of Mérite agricole - Honorary doctorate from KU Leuven ( Belgium ) – awarded at KU Leuven Kulak - Honorary doctorate from Université de Montréal . Personal life . Lagarde is divorced and has two sons , Pierre-Henri Lagarde ( born 1986 ) and Thomas Lagarde ( born 1988 ) . Since 2006 , her partner has been the entrepreneur Xavier Giocanti from Marseille . A health-conscious vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol , Lagardes hobbies include regular trips to the gym , cycling , and swimming . External links . - Column archives at Project Syndicate - Christine Lagarde collected news and commentary at Forbes |
[
"president of the ECB"
]
| easy | What was the position of Christine Lagarde in Sep 2019? | /wiki/Christine_Lagarde#P39#4 | Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde ( ; née Lallouette , ; born 1 January 1956 ) is a French politician , businessperson and lawyer serving as President of the European Central Bank since 1 November 2019 . Between July 2011 and September 2019 , she served as Chair and Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . Lagarde previously held various senior ministerial posts in the Government of France : she was Minister of Commerce ( 2005–2007 ) , Minister of Agriculture and Fishing ( 2007 ) and Minister of the Economy , Finance and Industry ( 2007–2011 ) . Lagarde was the first woman to become finance minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman to head both the ECB and the IMF . A noted antitrust and labour lawyer , Lagarde was the first female Chair of major international law firm Baker & McKenzie , between 1999 and 2004 . On 16 November 2009 , the Financial Times ranked her the best finance minister in the Eurozone . On 5 July 2011 , Lagarde replaced Dominique Strauss-Kahn as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term . Her appointment was the 11th consecutive appointment of a European to head the IMF . She was reelected by consensus for a second five-year term , starting 5 July 2016 , being the only candidate nominated for the post . In December 2016 , a French court found her guilty of negligence relating to her role in the Bernard Tapie arbitration , but did not impose a penalty . In 2019 and again in 2020 , Forbes ranked her number two on its Worlds 100 Most Powerful Women list . Early life and education . Lagarde was born in Paris , France , into a family of teachers . Her father , Robert Lallouette , was a professor of English ; her mother , Nicole ( Carré ) , was a Latin , Greek and French literature teacher . Lagarde and her three younger brothers spent their childhood in Le Havre . There she attended the Lycée François 1er ( where her father taught ) and Lycée Claude Monet . As a teenager , Lagarde was a member of the French national synchronised swimming team . After her baccalauréat in 1973 , she went on an American Field Service scholarship to the Holton-Arms School in Bethesda , Maryland . During her year in the United States , Lagarde worked as an intern at the U.S . Capitol as Representative William Cohens congressional assistant , helping him correspond with French-speaking constituents from his northern Maine district during the Watergate hearings . She graduated from Paris West University Nanterre La Défense , where she obtained masters degrees in English , labour law , and social law . She also holds a masters degree from the Institut détudes politiques in Aix-en-Provence . Since 2010 , she has presided over the Aix schools board of directors . Professional career . Lagarde joined Baker & McKenzie , a large Chicago-based international law firm , in 1981 . She handled major antitrust and labour cases , was made partner after six years and was named head of the firm in Western Europe . She joined the executive committee in 1995 and was elected the companys first female chairman in October 1999 . In 2004 , Lagarde became president of the Global Strategic Committee . Ministerial career . As Frances Trade Minister between 2005 and May 2007 , Lagarde prioritized opening new markets for the countrys products , focusing on the technology sector . On 18 May 2007 , she was moved to the Ministry of Agriculture as part of the government of François Fillon . The following month she joined Fillons cabinet in the Ministry of Economic Affairs , Finance and Employment . She was the only member of the French political class to condemn Jean-Paul Guerlains racist remarks of 2010 . International Monetary Fund . Appointment . On 25 May 2011 , Lagarde announced her candidacy to be head of the IMF to succeed Dominique Strauss-Kahn , upon his resignation . Her candidacy received the support of the British , Indian , United States , Brazilian , Russian , Chinese and German governments . The governor of the Bank of Mexico ( and former Secretary of Finance ) Agustín Carstens was also nominated for the post . His candidacy was supported by many Latin American governments , as well as Spain , Canada and Australia . On 28 June 2011 , the IMF board elected Lagarde as its next managing director and chairman for a five-year term , starting on 5 July 2011 . The IMFs executive board praised both candidates as well-qualified , but decided on Lagarde by consensus . Lagarde became the first woman to be elected as the head of the IMF . Carstens would have been the first non-European . Her appointment came amid the intensification of the European sovereign debt crisis especially in Greece , with fears looming of loan defaults . The United States in particular supported her speedy appointment in light of the fragility of Europes economic situation . U.S . Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner said that Lagardes exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy . President Nicolas Sarkozy referred to Lagardes appointment as a victory for France . Oxfam , a charity working in developing nations , called the appointment process farcical and argued that what it saw as a lack of transparency hurt the IMFs credibility . On 17 December 2015 , Michel Sapin , French Finance Minister , said that Lagarde could stay on as head of the IMF , despite being charged with criminal negligence . Throughout her time at the IMF , she has repeatedly ruled herself out of the races to secure a top job in Europe , including the positions of President of the European Commission or President of the European Central Bank . However , on 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated to serve as the next president of the ECB , to succeed Mario Draghi . She subsequently submitted her resignation as managing director . Viewpoints . In July 2010 , Lagarde told the PBS NewsHour that the IMFs lending program for distressed European countries was a very massive plan , totally unexpected , totally counter-treaty , because it wasnt scheduled in the treaty that we should do a bailout program , as we did . She also said , we had essentially a trillion dollars on the table to confront any market attack that would target any country , whether its Greece , Spain , Portugal , or anybody within the eurozone . With respect to the French economy , she stated that besides short-term stimulus efforts : we must , very decisively , cut our deficit and reduce our debt . In public remarks made right after her appointment , Lagarde stated that both the IMF and EU required Greek austerity measures as a prerequisite for further aid . She said , If I have one message tonight about Greece , it is to call on the Greek political opposition to support the party that is currently in power in a spirit of national unity . She said of her predecessor that : The IMF has taken up the challenges of the crisis thanks to the actions of Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn and to his team as well . On 25 December 2011 , Lagarde argued that the world economy was at risk and urged Europeans to unify in terms of the debt crisis facing the continent . In July 2012 , as the Greek economy continued to decline , and the countrys leaders asked for an easing of the terms of external assistance , Lagarde said she was not in the negotiation or renegotiation mood at all . A year later , though , with her own organization conceding that its rescue package for Greece had fallen short of what was required , Lagarde—having previously said that Greeces debt burden was sustainable—decided that Greece would not recover unless its debt was written off in a meaningful way . According to Yanis Varoufakis , the combative former Finance Minister of Greece , Lagarde and others at the top of the IMF have been quite sympathetic behind closed doors . However stating that inside the Eurogroup there were a few kind words and that was it . As the crisis peaked again in summer 2015 , Lagardes organization made headlines by calling for massive debt relief for Greece , a call she reiterated personally . In 2016 , the IMF refused to participate with eurozone countries in further emergency financing for Greece , because concrete measures to relieve the country of its debt burden remained absent . Questioned about her economic philosophy , Lagarde has described herself as with Adam Smith—that is , liberal . Payback controversy . In an interview in May 2012 , Lagarde was asked about the Greek government-debt crisis . She mentioned Greek tax avoidance , and assented to the interviewers suggestion that Greeks had had a nice time but now it is payback time . Her comments provoked controversy , with future Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stating , We dont need her compassion , and then-Deputy Prime Minister Evangelos Venizelos saying she had insulted the Greek people . In an effort to quell the negative response , the next day Lagarde made a post to her Facebook page saying : As I have said many times before , I am very sympathetic to the Greek people and the challenges they are facing . Within 24 hours , over 10,000 comments had been left in response , many of them obscene . To her belief that not enough Greeks paid their taxes , Professor Emeritus John Weeks of the University of London was quoted as saying The moral weight of Christine Lagardes matronising of the Greeks to pay their taxes is not strengthened by the fact that , as director of the IMF , she is in receipt of a tax-free annual salary of $468,000 ( £298,000 , plus perks ) . Robert W . Wood , in a Forbes article , wrote that No taxes is the norm for most United Nations employees covered by a convention on diplomatic relations signed by most nations . Comment on King Abdullah . In January 2015 , on the death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia , Lagarde said he was a strong believer in pushing forward womens rights , prompting a number of observers to comment on the life of women generally in Saudi Arabia . European Central Bank . On 2 July 2019 , Lagarde was nominated by the European Council to succeed Mario Draghi as President of the European Central Bank ( ECB ) on 1 November 2019 . On 17 September 2019 , the European Parliament voted via secret ballot to recommend her to the position , with 394 in favor , 206 opposed , and 49 abstentions . Confirmed by the European Council in its October summit , Lagarde became the first woman to serve as ECB President . As president , Lagarde is expected to maintain the accommodative monetary policy of her predecessor , Mario Draghi . When addressing the European Parliaments ECON Committee ahead of her appointment , Lagarde also expressed her willingness to make the ECB play a role in fighting climate change and to carry out a review of the ECBs monetary policy framework . Other activities . European Union institutions . - European Systemic Risk Board ( ESRB ) , ex officio chair of the General Board ( since 2019 ) - European Investment Bank ( EIB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) International organizations . - Bank for International Settlements ( BIS ) , ex officio member of the board of directors ( since 2019 ) - Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ( EBRD ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) - World Bank , ex officio member of the board of governors ( 2007–2011 ) Non-profit organizations . - World Economic Forum ( WEF ) , member of the board of trustees ( since 2011 ) Academic institutions . - Honorary fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge Controversy . The Lagarde list . In 2010 Lagarde , then finance minister of France , sent a list of 1,991 names of Greek customers who were potential tax avoiders with bank accounts at HSBCs Geneva branch to the Greek government . On 28 October 2012 , Greek reporter and editor Kostas Vaxevanis claimed to be in possession of the list and published a document with more than 2,000 names in his magazine Hot Doc . He was immediately arrested on charges of breaching privacy laws with a possible sentence of up to two years in prison . After a public outcry , Vaxevanis was found not guilty three days later . Vaxevanis then faced a retrial ( the Greek authorities were yet to charge anyone on the list ) , but was acquitted again . A few days before the Greek general elections of January 2015 , when it was clear that left-wing Syriza would come to power , the financial crimes police of the conservative government of Antonis Samaras shredded reams of documents pertaining to corruption cases . Investigation into negligence , and conviction . On 3 August 2011 , a French court ordered an investigation into Lagardes role in a €403 million arbitration deal in favour of businessman Bernard Tapie . On 20 March 2013 , Lagardes apartment in Paris was raided by French police as part of the investigation . On 24 May 2013 , after two days of questioning at the Court of Justice of the Republic ( CJR ) , Lagarde was assigned the status of assisted witness , meaning that she herself was not under investigation in the affair . According to a press report from June 2013 , Lagarde was described by Stéphane Richard , the CEO of France Telecom ( a former aide to Lagarde when she was finance minister ) , who was himself put under formal investigation in the case , as having been fully briefed before approving the arbitration process which benefitted Bernard Tapie . Subsequently , in August 2014 the CJR announced that it had formally approved a negligence investigation into Lagardes role in the arbitration of the Tapie case . On 17 December 2015 , the CJR ordered Lagarde to stand trial before it for alleged negligence in handling the Tapie arbitration approval . In December 2016 , the court found Lagarde guilty of negligence , but declined to impose a penalty . Media . Lagarde was interviewed in the documentary film Inside Job ( 2010 ) , which later won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature . The American fashion magazine Vogue profiled Lagarde in September 2011 . Lagarde was portrayed by Laila Robins in the HBO television film Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , which was based on the popular non-fiction book of the same name by The New York Times journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin . Meryl Streep based parts of Miranda Priestlys appearance in the feature film The Devil Wears Prada ( 2006 ) on Lagarde , citing her unassailable elegance and authority . Lagarde presented the 2014 Richard Dimbleby Lecture , titled A New Multilateralism for the 21st Century . Recognition . Awards . - 2011 – 9th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2012 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2013 – 7th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2014 – 5th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2015 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2016 – 6th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – 8th Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2017 – #1 in the List of 100 Most Influential People in Multinational Organisations , awarded by UK-based company Richtopia - 2018 – 3rd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2019 – CARE Humanitarian Award , awarded by CARE - 2019 – Distinguished International Leadership Award , awarded by the Atlantic Council - 2019 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine - 2020 – 2nd Most Powerful Woman in the World , named by Forbes magazine National honours . - – Chevalier ( 13 July 2000 ) , promoted Officer , Order of Légion dhonneur ( 6 April 2012 ) - – Commander , Order of Mérite agricole - Honorary doctorate from KU Leuven ( Belgium ) – awarded at KU Leuven Kulak - Honorary doctorate from Université de Montréal . Personal life . Lagarde is divorced and has two sons , Pierre-Henri Lagarde ( born 1986 ) and Thomas Lagarde ( born 1988 ) . Since 2006 , her partner has been the entrepreneur Xavier Giocanti from Marseille . A health-conscious vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol , Lagardes hobbies include regular trips to the gym , cycling , and swimming . External links . - Column archives at Project Syndicate - Christine Lagarde collected news and commentary at Forbes |
[
"Grimsby Town"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Mark Lever belong to from 1988 to 2000? | /wiki/Mark_Lever#P54#0 | Mark Lever Mark Lever ( born 29 March 1970 in Beverley ) is an English former professional footballer and coach who played as a defender from 1988 until 2005 . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town in 1988 . He became a first team regular in the early nineties and was part of the team that won promotion via the Football League Division Two play-off final and the Football League Trophy during the 1997–98 season . Lever spent the first twelve years of his career with Grimsby and departed the club in 2000 when he joined Bristol City . Injuries prevented him from making a real impact at Ashton Gate and after two years he moved on again to Mansfield Town . In 2003 , he dropped out of professional football and joined Non-league Ilkeston Town before finishing his career in 2004 whilst on loan with Ossett Albion . In 2008 , he was appointed to the coaching staff of Bridlington Town , briefly making the step up to manager in 2009 . Career . Grimsby Town . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town and was promoted to the clubs first team squad by Alan Buckley at the beginning of the 1987–1988 season . He naturally soon became one of the clubs regular centre backs , and found himself slotting in at the side of veteran centre half Paul Futcher . Lever received the clubs Supporters Young Player of The Season awards in both 1989 and 1991 . He went on to be an integral part of the Town side that earned two back to back promotions in 1990 and 1991 . When Futcher moved on , Grimsby nurtured in Peter Handyside as his long-term replacement , and both players were part of an iconic Mariners defensive line up in the nineties that included the likes of Gary Croft , Graham Rodger , John McDermott and Tony Gallimore . Arguably Levers most successful season was the 1997–1998 campaign , in which Grimsby bounced back from relegation the previous season , to clinch promotion back to the First Division via a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town at Wembley Stadium in the Second Division play-off final . Also before the final victory , Grimsby , aided by Lever defeated AFC Bournemouth at Wembley in the Football League Trophy final with a 2–1 scoreline . Lever continued to play for The Mariners in the 1998–1999 , and 1999–2000 campaigns , and was also used as a makeshift captain in the absence of Paul Groves on several occasions . Levers contract expired with The Mariners in the summer of 2000 , and he opted to leave Blundell Park . In his time at Grimsby , he made over 400 appearances in all competitions , scoring a total of 8 goals , he made his final appearance against Birmingham City in the final league game of the season , a few weeks after this match , Lever received the Supporters Player of The Season for the 1999–2000 campaign . Lever is considered to this day to be a cult hero by Grimsby Town supporters , and is one of the most successful players in the clubs history . Bristol City . After 12 years at Grimsby , Lever dropped down a division and signed for Bristol City in July 2000 on a free transfer , and naturally became the main candidate to be the club captain . However his first season , was ruined by injury , after making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 2–0 defeat against Wrexham , Lever went on to feature in two more games , before injury ruled him out for the rest of the 2000–2001 campaign . The following season was more successful for Lever , as he completed 34 games in all competitions , coupled with a single goal in a 3–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 2 February 2002 . At the end of the 2001–2002 campaign , City decided not to renew Levers two-year contract and he was released . Mansfield Town . In August 2002 , Lever signed for newly promoted Second Division side Mansfield Town . He made his debut for The Stags in the 2–0 derby defeat against local rivals Chesterfield on 28 August 2002 . Lever would only go on to make 15 league appearances for Town in the 2002–2003 season , while also playing in the 3–0 FA Cup defeat against Crewe Alexandra on 7 December . Lever was released by the club at the end of the season , thus bringing to end his career playing in the professional leagues . The FA Cup defeat with Crewe , turned out to be his final game for the club , and in professional football . Ilkeston Town . Lever signed a one-year deal with Northern Premier League outfit Ilkeston Town at the start of the 2003–2004 season . This would be his first taste of the Non League football circuit , and he notably formed a defensive partnership with former Nottingham Forest stalwart Steve Chettle . Lever signed a one-year contract extension for the 2004–2005 season , and during this season he had fallen out of favour within the Ilkeston playing squads , thus opening up a loan move too lowly Yorkshire amateur side Ossett Albion . He remained with Albion for two months before returning too Ilkeston . Lever was released by Town in May 2005 , and subsequently retired from playing competitive football aged 35 . Style of play . Lever , was described as A big , old-fashioned centre-half that bullies strikers . Coaching career . In 2009 Lever briefly managed Bridlington Town . Honours . Grimsby Town . - Division Four runners up , Promoted : 1990 - Division Three 3rd place , Promoted : 1991 - Football League Trophy winner : 1998 - Division Two Play-off winner : 1998 - Supporters Player of the Year : 2000 - Supporters Young Player of the Year : 1989 , 1991 External links . - Electronic Fishcake Player Profile - Bristol City Net Player Profile |
[
"Bristol City"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Mark Lever belong to from 2000 to 2002? | /wiki/Mark_Lever#P54#1 | Mark Lever Mark Lever ( born 29 March 1970 in Beverley ) is an English former professional footballer and coach who played as a defender from 1988 until 2005 . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town in 1988 . He became a first team regular in the early nineties and was part of the team that won promotion via the Football League Division Two play-off final and the Football League Trophy during the 1997–98 season . Lever spent the first twelve years of his career with Grimsby and departed the club in 2000 when he joined Bristol City . Injuries prevented him from making a real impact at Ashton Gate and after two years he moved on again to Mansfield Town . In 2003 , he dropped out of professional football and joined Non-league Ilkeston Town before finishing his career in 2004 whilst on loan with Ossett Albion . In 2008 , he was appointed to the coaching staff of Bridlington Town , briefly making the step up to manager in 2009 . Career . Grimsby Town . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town and was promoted to the clubs first team squad by Alan Buckley at the beginning of the 1987–1988 season . He naturally soon became one of the clubs regular centre backs , and found himself slotting in at the side of veteran centre half Paul Futcher . Lever received the clubs Supporters Young Player of The Season awards in both 1989 and 1991 . He went on to be an integral part of the Town side that earned two back to back promotions in 1990 and 1991 . When Futcher moved on , Grimsby nurtured in Peter Handyside as his long-term replacement , and both players were part of an iconic Mariners defensive line up in the nineties that included the likes of Gary Croft , Graham Rodger , John McDermott and Tony Gallimore . Arguably Levers most successful season was the 1997–1998 campaign , in which Grimsby bounced back from relegation the previous season , to clinch promotion back to the First Division via a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town at Wembley Stadium in the Second Division play-off final . Also before the final victory , Grimsby , aided by Lever defeated AFC Bournemouth at Wembley in the Football League Trophy final with a 2–1 scoreline . Lever continued to play for The Mariners in the 1998–1999 , and 1999–2000 campaigns , and was also used as a makeshift captain in the absence of Paul Groves on several occasions . Levers contract expired with The Mariners in the summer of 2000 , and he opted to leave Blundell Park . In his time at Grimsby , he made over 400 appearances in all competitions , scoring a total of 8 goals , he made his final appearance against Birmingham City in the final league game of the season , a few weeks after this match , Lever received the Supporters Player of The Season for the 1999–2000 campaign . Lever is considered to this day to be a cult hero by Grimsby Town supporters , and is one of the most successful players in the clubs history . Bristol City . After 12 years at Grimsby , Lever dropped down a division and signed for Bristol City in July 2000 on a free transfer , and naturally became the main candidate to be the club captain . However his first season , was ruined by injury , after making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 2–0 defeat against Wrexham , Lever went on to feature in two more games , before injury ruled him out for the rest of the 2000–2001 campaign . The following season was more successful for Lever , as he completed 34 games in all competitions , coupled with a single goal in a 3–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 2 February 2002 . At the end of the 2001–2002 campaign , City decided not to renew Levers two-year contract and he was released . Mansfield Town . In August 2002 , Lever signed for newly promoted Second Division side Mansfield Town . He made his debut for The Stags in the 2–0 derby defeat against local rivals Chesterfield on 28 August 2002 . Lever would only go on to make 15 league appearances for Town in the 2002–2003 season , while also playing in the 3–0 FA Cup defeat against Crewe Alexandra on 7 December . Lever was released by the club at the end of the season , thus bringing to end his career playing in the professional leagues . The FA Cup defeat with Crewe , turned out to be his final game for the club , and in professional football . Ilkeston Town . Lever signed a one-year deal with Northern Premier League outfit Ilkeston Town at the start of the 2003–2004 season . This would be his first taste of the Non League football circuit , and he notably formed a defensive partnership with former Nottingham Forest stalwart Steve Chettle . Lever signed a one-year contract extension for the 2004–2005 season , and during this season he had fallen out of favour within the Ilkeston playing squads , thus opening up a loan move too lowly Yorkshire amateur side Ossett Albion . He remained with Albion for two months before returning too Ilkeston . Lever was released by Town in May 2005 , and subsequently retired from playing competitive football aged 35 . Style of play . Lever , was described as A big , old-fashioned centre-half that bullies strikers . Coaching career . In 2009 Lever briefly managed Bridlington Town . Honours . Grimsby Town . - Division Four runners up , Promoted : 1990 - Division Three 3rd place , Promoted : 1991 - Football League Trophy winner : 1998 - Division Two Play-off winner : 1998 - Supporters Player of the Year : 2000 - Supporters Young Player of the Year : 1989 , 1991 External links . - Electronic Fishcake Player Profile - Bristol City Net Player Profile |
[
"Mansfield Town"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Mark Lever belong to from 2002 to 2003? | /wiki/Mark_Lever#P54#2 | Mark Lever Mark Lever ( born 29 March 1970 in Beverley ) is an English former professional footballer and coach who played as a defender from 1988 until 2005 . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town in 1988 . He became a first team regular in the early nineties and was part of the team that won promotion via the Football League Division Two play-off final and the Football League Trophy during the 1997–98 season . Lever spent the first twelve years of his career with Grimsby and departed the club in 2000 when he joined Bristol City . Injuries prevented him from making a real impact at Ashton Gate and after two years he moved on again to Mansfield Town . In 2003 , he dropped out of professional football and joined Non-league Ilkeston Town before finishing his career in 2004 whilst on loan with Ossett Albion . In 2008 , he was appointed to the coaching staff of Bridlington Town , briefly making the step up to manager in 2009 . Career . Grimsby Town . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town and was promoted to the clubs first team squad by Alan Buckley at the beginning of the 1987–1988 season . He naturally soon became one of the clubs regular centre backs , and found himself slotting in at the side of veteran centre half Paul Futcher . Lever received the clubs Supporters Young Player of The Season awards in both 1989 and 1991 . He went on to be an integral part of the Town side that earned two back to back promotions in 1990 and 1991 . When Futcher moved on , Grimsby nurtured in Peter Handyside as his long-term replacement , and both players were part of an iconic Mariners defensive line up in the nineties that included the likes of Gary Croft , Graham Rodger , John McDermott and Tony Gallimore . Arguably Levers most successful season was the 1997–1998 campaign , in which Grimsby bounced back from relegation the previous season , to clinch promotion back to the First Division via a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town at Wembley Stadium in the Second Division play-off final . Also before the final victory , Grimsby , aided by Lever defeated AFC Bournemouth at Wembley in the Football League Trophy final with a 2–1 scoreline . Lever continued to play for The Mariners in the 1998–1999 , and 1999–2000 campaigns , and was also used as a makeshift captain in the absence of Paul Groves on several occasions . Levers contract expired with The Mariners in the summer of 2000 , and he opted to leave Blundell Park . In his time at Grimsby , he made over 400 appearances in all competitions , scoring a total of 8 goals , he made his final appearance against Birmingham City in the final league game of the season , a few weeks after this match , Lever received the Supporters Player of The Season for the 1999–2000 campaign . Lever is considered to this day to be a cult hero by Grimsby Town supporters , and is one of the most successful players in the clubs history . Bristol City . After 12 years at Grimsby , Lever dropped down a division and signed for Bristol City in July 2000 on a free transfer , and naturally became the main candidate to be the club captain . However his first season , was ruined by injury , after making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 2–0 defeat against Wrexham , Lever went on to feature in two more games , before injury ruled him out for the rest of the 2000–2001 campaign . The following season was more successful for Lever , as he completed 34 games in all competitions , coupled with a single goal in a 3–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 2 February 2002 . At the end of the 2001–2002 campaign , City decided not to renew Levers two-year contract and he was released . Mansfield Town . In August 2002 , Lever signed for newly promoted Second Division side Mansfield Town . He made his debut for The Stags in the 2–0 derby defeat against local rivals Chesterfield on 28 August 2002 . Lever would only go on to make 15 league appearances for Town in the 2002–2003 season , while also playing in the 3–0 FA Cup defeat against Crewe Alexandra on 7 December . Lever was released by the club at the end of the season , thus bringing to end his career playing in the professional leagues . The FA Cup defeat with Crewe , turned out to be his final game for the club , and in professional football . Ilkeston Town . Lever signed a one-year deal with Northern Premier League outfit Ilkeston Town at the start of the 2003–2004 season . This would be his first taste of the Non League football circuit , and he notably formed a defensive partnership with former Nottingham Forest stalwart Steve Chettle . Lever signed a one-year contract extension for the 2004–2005 season , and during this season he had fallen out of favour within the Ilkeston playing squads , thus opening up a loan move too lowly Yorkshire amateur side Ossett Albion . He remained with Albion for two months before returning too Ilkeston . Lever was released by Town in May 2005 , and subsequently retired from playing competitive football aged 35 . Style of play . Lever , was described as A big , old-fashioned centre-half that bullies strikers . Coaching career . In 2009 Lever briefly managed Bridlington Town . Honours . Grimsby Town . - Division Four runners up , Promoted : 1990 - Division Three 3rd place , Promoted : 1991 - Football League Trophy winner : 1998 - Division Two Play-off winner : 1998 - Supporters Player of the Year : 2000 - Supporters Young Player of the Year : 1989 , 1991 External links . - Electronic Fishcake Player Profile - Bristol City Net Player Profile |
[
"Ilkeston Town"
]
| easy | Mark Lever played for which team from 2003 to 2005? | /wiki/Mark_Lever#P54#3 | Mark Lever Mark Lever ( born 29 March 1970 in Beverley ) is an English former professional footballer and coach who played as a defender from 1988 until 2005 . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town in 1988 . He became a first team regular in the early nineties and was part of the team that won promotion via the Football League Division Two play-off final and the Football League Trophy during the 1997–98 season . Lever spent the first twelve years of his career with Grimsby and departed the club in 2000 when he joined Bristol City . Injuries prevented him from making a real impact at Ashton Gate and after two years he moved on again to Mansfield Town . In 2003 , he dropped out of professional football and joined Non-league Ilkeston Town before finishing his career in 2004 whilst on loan with Ossett Albion . In 2008 , he was appointed to the coaching staff of Bridlington Town , briefly making the step up to manager in 2009 . Career . Grimsby Town . Lever came through the youth ranks at Grimsby Town and was promoted to the clubs first team squad by Alan Buckley at the beginning of the 1987–1988 season . He naturally soon became one of the clubs regular centre backs , and found himself slotting in at the side of veteran centre half Paul Futcher . Lever received the clubs Supporters Young Player of The Season awards in both 1989 and 1991 . He went on to be an integral part of the Town side that earned two back to back promotions in 1990 and 1991 . When Futcher moved on , Grimsby nurtured in Peter Handyside as his long-term replacement , and both players were part of an iconic Mariners defensive line up in the nineties that included the likes of Gary Croft , Graham Rodger , John McDermott and Tony Gallimore . Arguably Levers most successful season was the 1997–1998 campaign , in which Grimsby bounced back from relegation the previous season , to clinch promotion back to the First Division via a 1–0 victory over Northampton Town at Wembley Stadium in the Second Division play-off final . Also before the final victory , Grimsby , aided by Lever defeated AFC Bournemouth at Wembley in the Football League Trophy final with a 2–1 scoreline . Lever continued to play for The Mariners in the 1998–1999 , and 1999–2000 campaigns , and was also used as a makeshift captain in the absence of Paul Groves on several occasions . Levers contract expired with The Mariners in the summer of 2000 , and he opted to leave Blundell Park . In his time at Grimsby , he made over 400 appearances in all competitions , scoring a total of 8 goals , he made his final appearance against Birmingham City in the final league game of the season , a few weeks after this match , Lever received the Supporters Player of The Season for the 1999–2000 campaign . Lever is considered to this day to be a cult hero by Grimsby Town supporters , and is one of the most successful players in the clubs history . Bristol City . After 12 years at Grimsby , Lever dropped down a division and signed for Bristol City in July 2000 on a free transfer , and naturally became the main candidate to be the club captain . However his first season , was ruined by injury , after making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 2–0 defeat against Wrexham , Lever went on to feature in two more games , before injury ruled him out for the rest of the 2000–2001 campaign . The following season was more successful for Lever , as he completed 34 games in all competitions , coupled with a single goal in a 3–0 victory over Oldham Athletic on 2 February 2002 . At the end of the 2001–2002 campaign , City decided not to renew Levers two-year contract and he was released . Mansfield Town . In August 2002 , Lever signed for newly promoted Second Division side Mansfield Town . He made his debut for The Stags in the 2–0 derby defeat against local rivals Chesterfield on 28 August 2002 . Lever would only go on to make 15 league appearances for Town in the 2002–2003 season , while also playing in the 3–0 FA Cup defeat against Crewe Alexandra on 7 December . Lever was released by the club at the end of the season , thus bringing to end his career playing in the professional leagues . The FA Cup defeat with Crewe , turned out to be his final game for the club , and in professional football . Ilkeston Town . Lever signed a one-year deal with Northern Premier League outfit Ilkeston Town at the start of the 2003–2004 season . This would be his first taste of the Non League football circuit , and he notably formed a defensive partnership with former Nottingham Forest stalwart Steve Chettle . Lever signed a one-year contract extension for the 2004–2005 season , and during this season he had fallen out of favour within the Ilkeston playing squads , thus opening up a loan move too lowly Yorkshire amateur side Ossett Albion . He remained with Albion for two months before returning too Ilkeston . Lever was released by Town in May 2005 , and subsequently retired from playing competitive football aged 35 . Style of play . Lever , was described as A big , old-fashioned centre-half that bullies strikers . Coaching career . In 2009 Lever briefly managed Bridlington Town . Honours . Grimsby Town . - Division Four runners up , Promoted : 1990 - Division Three 3rd place , Promoted : 1991 - Football League Trophy winner : 1998 - Division Two Play-off winner : 1998 - Supporters Player of the Year : 2000 - Supporters Young Player of the Year : 1989 , 1991 External links . - Electronic Fishcake Player Profile - Bristol City Net Player Profile |
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| easy | What organization did John B. Goodenough join in 2012? | /wiki/John_B._Goodenough#P463#0 | John B . Goodenough John Bannister Goodenough ( ; born July 25 , 1922 ) is an American materials scientist , a solid-state physicist , and a Nobel laureate in chemistry . He is a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin . He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery , for developing the Goodenough–Kanamori rules in determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , and for seminal developments in computer random-access memory . Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents . During and after graduating from Yale University , Goodenough served as a U.S . military meteorologist in World War II . He went on to obtain his Ph.D . in physics at the University of Chicago , became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory , and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford . Since 1986 , he has been a professor in the school of engineering at UT Austin . He has been awarded the National Medal of Science , the Copley Medal , the Fermi Award , the Draper Prize , and the Japan Prize . The John B Goodenough Award in materials science is named for him . In 2019 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino , and , at 97 years old , became the oldest Nobel laureate in history . Early life and education . John Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents , Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough ( 1893–1965 ) and Helen Miriam ( Lewis ) Goodenough . His father was working on his Ph.D . at the Harvard Divinity School at the time of Johns birth and later became a professor in the history of religion at Yale University . Johns brother , the late Ward Goodenough , was a University of Pennsylvania anthropologist . The brothers attended boarding school at Groton in Massachusetts . In 1944 , John Goodenough received a B.S . in Mathematics , summa cum laude from Yale University , where he was a member of Skull and Bones . After serving in the US Army as a meteorologist in World War II , Goodenough went to the University of Chicago to complete a masters and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1952 . His doctoral supervisor was electrical breakdown theorist Clarence Zener and he worked and studied with physicists , including Enrico Fermi and John A . Simpson . While at Chicago , he met and married history graduate student Irene Wiseman . Career and research . MIT Lincoln Laboratory . After his studies , Goodenough was a research scientist and team leader at MITs Lincoln Laboratory for 24 years . During this time he was part of an interdisciplinary team responsible for developing random access magnetic memory . His research efforts on RAM led him to develop the concepts of cooperative orbital ordering , also known as a cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion , in oxide materials , and subsequently led to his developing the rules for the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , now known as the Goodenough–Kanamori rules ( with ) . . Tenure at the University of Oxford . During the late 1970s and early 1980s , he continued his career as head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at University of Oxford . Among his work at Oxford , Goodenough has been credited with significant research essential to the development of commercial lithium-ion rechargeable batteries . Goodenough was able to expand upon previous work from M . Stanley Whittingham on battery materials , and found in 1980 that by using LiCoO as a lightweight , high energy density cathode material , he could double the capacity of lithium-ion batteries . Goodenoughs work was commercialized through Sony by Akira Yoshino , who had contributed additional improvements to the battery construction . Goodenough received the Japan Prize in 2001 for his discoveries of the materials critical to the development of lightweight high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries , and he , Whittingham , and Yoshino shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research in lithium-ion batteries . Professor at University of Texas . Since 1986 , Goodenough has been a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin in the Cockrell School of Engineering departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering . During his tenure there , he has continued his research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices ; he stated that he continued to study improved materials for batteries to help promote the development of electric vehicles and help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels . Arumugam Manthiram and Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes . They showed that positive electrodes containing polyanions , e.g. , sulfates , produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion . The polyanion class includes materials such as lithium-iron phosphates that are used for smaller devices like power tools . His group has also identified various promising electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells . He currently holds the Virginia H . Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering . Goodenough still works at the university at age 98 as of 2021 , hoping to find another breakthrough in battery technology . On February 28 , 2017 Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas published a paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science on their demonstration of a glass battery , a low-cost all-solid-state battery that is noncombustible and has a long cycle life with a high volumetric energy density , and fast rates of charge and discharge . Instead of liquid electrolytes , the battery uses glass electrolytes that enable the use of an alkali-metal anode without the formation of dendrites . However , this paper was met with widespread skepticism by the battery research community and remains controversial after several follow-up works . The work was criticized for a lack of comprehensive data , spurious interpretations of the data obtained , and that the proposed mechanism of battery operation would violate the first law of thermodynamics . In April 2020 , a patent was filed for the glass battery on behalf of the LNEG ( National Laboratory of Energy and Geology ) in Portugal , the University of Porto , Portugal and the University of Texas . Advisory work . In 2010 , Goodenough joined the technical advisory board of Irvine , California-based Enevate , a silicon-dominant Li-ion battery technology startup . Goodenough also currently serves as an adviser to the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research ( JCESR ) , a collaboration led by Argonne National Laboratory and funded by the Department of Energy . Since 2016 Goodenough has also worked as an adviser for Battery500 , a national consortium led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( PNNL ) and partially funded by the Department of Energy . Fundamental investigations . On the fundamental side , his research has focused on magnetism and on the Metal–insulator transition behavior in transition-metal oxides . Along with Junjiro Kanamori , Goodenough developed a set of semi-empirical rules to predict magnetism in these materials in the 1950s and 1960s , now called the Goodenough–Kanamori rules , forming the basis of superexchange , which is a core property for high-temperature superconductivity . Distinctions . Professor Goodenough is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , the National Academy of Sciences , French Academy of Sciences , the Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas , Físicas y Naturales of Spain , and the National Academy of Sciences , India . He has authored more than 550 articles , 85 book chapters and reviews , and five books , including two seminal works , Magnetism and the Chemical Bond ( 1963 ) and Les oxydes des metaux de transition ( 1973 ) . Goodenough was a co-recipient of the 2009 Enrico Fermi Award for his work in lithium-ion batteries , alongside Siegfried S . Hecker of Stanford University who had received the award for his work in plutonium metallurgy . In 2010 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society . On February 1 , 2013 , Goodenough was presented with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama of the United States . He was awarded the Draper Prize in engineering . In 2015 he was listed along with M Stanley Whittingham , for pioneering research leading to the development of the lithium-ion battery on a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Thomson Reuters . In 2017 he received the Welch Award in Chemistry and in 2019 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society . The Royal Society of Chemistry granted a John B Goodenough Award in his honor . Goodenough received an honorary C.K . Prahalad award from Corporate EcoForum ( CEF ) in 2017 . CEFs founder Rangaswami commented , John Goodenough is evidence of imagination being put to work for the greater good . Were thrilled to recognize his lifetime of achievements and are hopeful that his latest discovery will have major implications for the future of sustainable battery storage . Goodenough was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on October 9 , 2019 , for his work on lithium-ion batteries , along with M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino . He is the oldest person to be awarded the Nobel Prize . Works . Articles . - Lightfoot , P. ; Pei , S . Y. ; Jorgensen , J . D. ; Manthiram , A. ; Tang , X . X . & J . B . Goodenough . Excess Oxygen Defects in Layered Cuprates , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Materials Science Laboratory United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , ( September 1990 ) . - Argyriou , D . N. ; Mitchell , J . F. ; Chmaissem , O. ; Short , S. ; Jorgensen , J . D . & J . B . Goodenough . Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in LaSrMnO Below T : Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Center for Material Science and Engineering United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , Welch Foundation , ( March 1997 ) . - Goodenough , J . B. ; Abruna , H . D . & M . V . Buchanan . Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage . Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage , April 2-4 , 2007 , United States Department of Energy , ( April 4 , 2007 ) . |
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| easy | What organization did John B. Goodenough join in Feb 1992? | /wiki/John_B._Goodenough#P463#1 | John B . Goodenough John Bannister Goodenough ( ; born July 25 , 1922 ) is an American materials scientist , a solid-state physicist , and a Nobel laureate in chemistry . He is a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin . He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery , for developing the Goodenough–Kanamori rules in determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , and for seminal developments in computer random-access memory . Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents . During and after graduating from Yale University , Goodenough served as a U.S . military meteorologist in World War II . He went on to obtain his Ph.D . in physics at the University of Chicago , became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory , and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford . Since 1986 , he has been a professor in the school of engineering at UT Austin . He has been awarded the National Medal of Science , the Copley Medal , the Fermi Award , the Draper Prize , and the Japan Prize . The John B Goodenough Award in materials science is named for him . In 2019 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino , and , at 97 years old , became the oldest Nobel laureate in history . Early life and education . John Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents , Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough ( 1893–1965 ) and Helen Miriam ( Lewis ) Goodenough . His father was working on his Ph.D . at the Harvard Divinity School at the time of Johns birth and later became a professor in the history of religion at Yale University . Johns brother , the late Ward Goodenough , was a University of Pennsylvania anthropologist . The brothers attended boarding school at Groton in Massachusetts . In 1944 , John Goodenough received a B.S . in Mathematics , summa cum laude from Yale University , where he was a member of Skull and Bones . After serving in the US Army as a meteorologist in World War II , Goodenough went to the University of Chicago to complete a masters and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1952 . His doctoral supervisor was electrical breakdown theorist Clarence Zener and he worked and studied with physicists , including Enrico Fermi and John A . Simpson . While at Chicago , he met and married history graduate student Irene Wiseman . Career and research . MIT Lincoln Laboratory . After his studies , Goodenough was a research scientist and team leader at MITs Lincoln Laboratory for 24 years . During this time he was part of an interdisciplinary team responsible for developing random access magnetic memory . His research efforts on RAM led him to develop the concepts of cooperative orbital ordering , also known as a cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion , in oxide materials , and subsequently led to his developing the rules for the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , now known as the Goodenough–Kanamori rules ( with ) . . Tenure at the University of Oxford . During the late 1970s and early 1980s , he continued his career as head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at University of Oxford . Among his work at Oxford , Goodenough has been credited with significant research essential to the development of commercial lithium-ion rechargeable batteries . Goodenough was able to expand upon previous work from M . Stanley Whittingham on battery materials , and found in 1980 that by using LiCoO as a lightweight , high energy density cathode material , he could double the capacity of lithium-ion batteries . Goodenoughs work was commercialized through Sony by Akira Yoshino , who had contributed additional improvements to the battery construction . Goodenough received the Japan Prize in 2001 for his discoveries of the materials critical to the development of lightweight high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries , and he , Whittingham , and Yoshino shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research in lithium-ion batteries . Professor at University of Texas . Since 1986 , Goodenough has been a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin in the Cockrell School of Engineering departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering . During his tenure there , he has continued his research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices ; he stated that he continued to study improved materials for batteries to help promote the development of electric vehicles and help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels . Arumugam Manthiram and Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes . They showed that positive electrodes containing polyanions , e.g. , sulfates , produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion . The polyanion class includes materials such as lithium-iron phosphates that are used for smaller devices like power tools . His group has also identified various promising electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells . He currently holds the Virginia H . Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering . Goodenough still works at the university at age 98 as of 2021 , hoping to find another breakthrough in battery technology . On February 28 , 2017 Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas published a paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science on their demonstration of a glass battery , a low-cost all-solid-state battery that is noncombustible and has a long cycle life with a high volumetric energy density , and fast rates of charge and discharge . Instead of liquid electrolytes , the battery uses glass electrolytes that enable the use of an alkali-metal anode without the formation of dendrites . However , this paper was met with widespread skepticism by the battery research community and remains controversial after several follow-up works . The work was criticized for a lack of comprehensive data , spurious interpretations of the data obtained , and that the proposed mechanism of battery operation would violate the first law of thermodynamics . In April 2020 , a patent was filed for the glass battery on behalf of the LNEG ( National Laboratory of Energy and Geology ) in Portugal , the University of Porto , Portugal and the University of Texas . Advisory work . In 2010 , Goodenough joined the technical advisory board of Irvine , California-based Enevate , a silicon-dominant Li-ion battery technology startup . Goodenough also currently serves as an adviser to the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research ( JCESR ) , a collaboration led by Argonne National Laboratory and funded by the Department of Energy . Since 2016 Goodenough has also worked as an adviser for Battery500 , a national consortium led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( PNNL ) and partially funded by the Department of Energy . Fundamental investigations . On the fundamental side , his research has focused on magnetism and on the Metal–insulator transition behavior in transition-metal oxides . Along with Junjiro Kanamori , Goodenough developed a set of semi-empirical rules to predict magnetism in these materials in the 1950s and 1960s , now called the Goodenough–Kanamori rules , forming the basis of superexchange , which is a core property for high-temperature superconductivity . Distinctions . Professor Goodenough is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , the National Academy of Sciences , French Academy of Sciences , the Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas , Físicas y Naturales of Spain , and the National Academy of Sciences , India . He has authored more than 550 articles , 85 book chapters and reviews , and five books , including two seminal works , Magnetism and the Chemical Bond ( 1963 ) and Les oxydes des metaux de transition ( 1973 ) . Goodenough was a co-recipient of the 2009 Enrico Fermi Award for his work in lithium-ion batteries , alongside Siegfried S . Hecker of Stanford University who had received the award for his work in plutonium metallurgy . In 2010 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society . On February 1 , 2013 , Goodenough was presented with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama of the United States . He was awarded the Draper Prize in engineering . In 2015 he was listed along with M Stanley Whittingham , for pioneering research leading to the development of the lithium-ion battery on a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Thomson Reuters . In 2017 he received the Welch Award in Chemistry and in 2019 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society . The Royal Society of Chemistry granted a John B Goodenough Award in his honor . Goodenough received an honorary C.K . Prahalad award from Corporate EcoForum ( CEF ) in 2017 . CEFs founder Rangaswami commented , John Goodenough is evidence of imagination being put to work for the greater good . Were thrilled to recognize his lifetime of achievements and are hopeful that his latest discovery will have major implications for the future of sustainable battery storage . Goodenough was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on October 9 , 2019 , for his work on lithium-ion batteries , along with M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino . He is the oldest person to be awarded the Nobel Prize . Works . Articles . - Lightfoot , P. ; Pei , S . Y. ; Jorgensen , J . D. ; Manthiram , A. ; Tang , X . X . & J . B . Goodenough . Excess Oxygen Defects in Layered Cuprates , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Materials Science Laboratory United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , ( September 1990 ) . - Argyriou , D . N. ; Mitchell , J . F. ; Chmaissem , O. ; Short , S. ; Jorgensen , J . D . & J . B . Goodenough . Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in LaSrMnO Below T : Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Center for Material Science and Engineering United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , Welch Foundation , ( March 1997 ) . - Goodenough , J . B. ; Abruna , H . D . & M . V . Buchanan . Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage . Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage , April 2-4 , 2007 , United States Department of Energy , ( April 4 , 2007 ) . |
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| easy | John B. Goodenough became a member of what organization or association in 1976? | /wiki/John_B._Goodenough#P463#2 | John B . Goodenough John Bannister Goodenough ( ; born July 25 , 1922 ) is an American materials scientist , a solid-state physicist , and a Nobel laureate in chemistry . He is a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin . He is widely credited with the identification and development of the lithium-ion battery , for developing the Goodenough–Kanamori rules in determining the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , and for seminal developments in computer random-access memory . Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents . During and after graduating from Yale University , Goodenough served as a U.S . military meteorologist in World War II . He went on to obtain his Ph.D . in physics at the University of Chicago , became a researcher at MIT Lincoln Laboratory , and later the head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford . Since 1986 , he has been a professor in the school of engineering at UT Austin . He has been awarded the National Medal of Science , the Copley Medal , the Fermi Award , the Draper Prize , and the Japan Prize . The John B Goodenough Award in materials science is named for him . In 2019 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino , and , at 97 years old , became the oldest Nobel laureate in history . Early life and education . John Goodenough was born in Jena , Germany , to American parents , Erwin Ramsdell Goodenough ( 1893–1965 ) and Helen Miriam ( Lewis ) Goodenough . His father was working on his Ph.D . at the Harvard Divinity School at the time of Johns birth and later became a professor in the history of religion at Yale University . Johns brother , the late Ward Goodenough , was a University of Pennsylvania anthropologist . The brothers attended boarding school at Groton in Massachusetts . In 1944 , John Goodenough received a B.S . in Mathematics , summa cum laude from Yale University , where he was a member of Skull and Bones . After serving in the US Army as a meteorologist in World War II , Goodenough went to the University of Chicago to complete a masters and was awarded a Ph.D . in physics in 1952 . His doctoral supervisor was electrical breakdown theorist Clarence Zener and he worked and studied with physicists , including Enrico Fermi and John A . Simpson . While at Chicago , he met and married history graduate student Irene Wiseman . Career and research . MIT Lincoln Laboratory . After his studies , Goodenough was a research scientist and team leader at MITs Lincoln Laboratory for 24 years . During this time he was part of an interdisciplinary team responsible for developing random access magnetic memory . His research efforts on RAM led him to develop the concepts of cooperative orbital ordering , also known as a cooperative Jahn–Teller distortion , in oxide materials , and subsequently led to his developing the rules for the sign of the magnetic superexchange in materials , now known as the Goodenough–Kanamori rules ( with ) . . Tenure at the University of Oxford . During the late 1970s and early 1980s , he continued his career as head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at University of Oxford . Among his work at Oxford , Goodenough has been credited with significant research essential to the development of commercial lithium-ion rechargeable batteries . Goodenough was able to expand upon previous work from M . Stanley Whittingham on battery materials , and found in 1980 that by using LiCoO as a lightweight , high energy density cathode material , he could double the capacity of lithium-ion batteries . Goodenoughs work was commercialized through Sony by Akira Yoshino , who had contributed additional improvements to the battery construction . Goodenough received the Japan Prize in 2001 for his discoveries of the materials critical to the development of lightweight high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries , and he , Whittingham , and Yoshino shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their research in lithium-ion batteries . Professor at University of Texas . Since 1986 , Goodenough has been a Professor at The University of Texas at Austin in the Cockrell School of Engineering departments of Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering . During his tenure there , he has continued his research on ionic conducting solids and electrochemical devices ; he stated that he continued to study improved materials for batteries to help promote the development of electric vehicles and help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels . Arumugam Manthiram and Goodenough discovered the polyanion class of cathodes . They showed that positive electrodes containing polyanions , e.g. , sulfates , produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion . The polyanion class includes materials such as lithium-iron phosphates that are used for smaller devices like power tools . His group has also identified various promising electrode and electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells . He currently holds the Virginia H . Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering . Goodenough still works at the university at age 98 as of 2021 , hoping to find another breakthrough in battery technology . On February 28 , 2017 Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas published a paper in the journal Energy and Environmental Science on their demonstration of a glass battery , a low-cost all-solid-state battery that is noncombustible and has a long cycle life with a high volumetric energy density , and fast rates of charge and discharge . Instead of liquid electrolytes , the battery uses glass electrolytes that enable the use of an alkali-metal anode without the formation of dendrites . However , this paper was met with widespread skepticism by the battery research community and remains controversial after several follow-up works . The work was criticized for a lack of comprehensive data , spurious interpretations of the data obtained , and that the proposed mechanism of battery operation would violate the first law of thermodynamics . In April 2020 , a patent was filed for the glass battery on behalf of the LNEG ( National Laboratory of Energy and Geology ) in Portugal , the University of Porto , Portugal and the University of Texas . Advisory work . In 2010 , Goodenough joined the technical advisory board of Irvine , California-based Enevate , a silicon-dominant Li-ion battery technology startup . Goodenough also currently serves as an adviser to the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research ( JCESR ) , a collaboration led by Argonne National Laboratory and funded by the Department of Energy . Since 2016 Goodenough has also worked as an adviser for Battery500 , a national consortium led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( PNNL ) and partially funded by the Department of Energy . Fundamental investigations . On the fundamental side , his research has focused on magnetism and on the Metal–insulator transition behavior in transition-metal oxides . Along with Junjiro Kanamori , Goodenough developed a set of semi-empirical rules to predict magnetism in these materials in the 1950s and 1960s , now called the Goodenough–Kanamori rules , forming the basis of superexchange , which is a core property for high-temperature superconductivity . Distinctions . Professor Goodenough is a member of the National Academy of Engineering , the National Academy of Sciences , French Academy of Sciences , the Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas , Físicas y Naturales of Spain , and the National Academy of Sciences , India . He has authored more than 550 articles , 85 book chapters and reviews , and five books , including two seminal works , Magnetism and the Chemical Bond ( 1963 ) and Les oxydes des metaux de transition ( 1973 ) . Goodenough was a co-recipient of the 2009 Enrico Fermi Award for his work in lithium-ion batteries , alongside Siegfried S . Hecker of Stanford University who had received the award for his work in plutonium metallurgy . In 2010 he was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society . On February 1 , 2013 , Goodenough was presented with the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama of the United States . He was awarded the Draper Prize in engineering . In 2015 he was listed along with M Stanley Whittingham , for pioneering research leading to the development of the lithium-ion battery on a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry by Thomson Reuters . In 2017 he received the Welch Award in Chemistry and in 2019 he was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society . The Royal Society of Chemistry granted a John B Goodenough Award in his honor . Goodenough received an honorary C.K . Prahalad award from Corporate EcoForum ( CEF ) in 2017 . CEFs founder Rangaswami commented , John Goodenough is evidence of imagination being put to work for the greater good . Were thrilled to recognize his lifetime of achievements and are hopeful that his latest discovery will have major implications for the future of sustainable battery storage . Goodenough was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on October 9 , 2019 , for his work on lithium-ion batteries , along with M . Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino . He is the oldest person to be awarded the Nobel Prize . Works . Articles . - Lightfoot , P. ; Pei , S . Y. ; Jorgensen , J . D. ; Manthiram , A. ; Tang , X . X . & J . B . Goodenough . Excess Oxygen Defects in Layered Cuprates , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Materials Science Laboratory United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , ( September 1990 ) . - Argyriou , D . N. ; Mitchell , J . F. ; Chmaissem , O. ; Short , S. ; Jorgensen , J . D . & J . B . Goodenough . Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in LaSrMnO Below T : Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State , Argonne National Laboratory , The University of Texas-Austin , Center for Material Science and Engineering United States Department of Energy , National Science Foundation , Welch Foundation , ( March 1997 ) . - Goodenough , J . B. ; Abruna , H . D . & M . V . Buchanan . Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage . Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Electrical Energy Storage , April 2-4 , 2007 , United States Department of Energy , ( April 4 , 2007 ) . |
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"Ajax Cape Town"
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| easy | Khama Billiat played for which team from 2010 to 2011? | /wiki/Khama_Billiat#P54#0 | Khama Billiat Khama Billiat ( born 19 August 1990 in Harare ) is a Zimbabwean professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Kaizer Chiefs in South Africa . He also plays for the Zimbabwe national team . Club career . CAPS United FC . Khama Billiat first played for CAPS United FC under coach Lloyd Chitembwe in 2010 . He featured for only 15 minutes at Rufaro Stadium , before migrating to South Africa . His stint at the Harare giants , lasted 3 months . Ajax Cape Town . Khama Billiat made his professional debut for Ajax Cape Town on 20 August 2010 against Mamelodi Sundowns , winning ( 4–3 ) on penalties after a 1–1 draw , in a quarterfinal match of the 2010 MTN 8 tournament at Athlone Stadium in Cape Town . He was acquired by Ajax Cape Town in the summer of 2010 as a transfer from Zimbabwean club CAPS United , only 3 months after the club had recruited him from Aces Youth Soccer Academy in Harare . Billiat was joined at Ajax CT by CAPS club mate Tafadzwa Rusike , who had also transferred to the Cape club . On 21 July 2012 , in a friendly encounter during the off season , Ajax Cape Town held the visiting Manchester United to a 1–1 draw in which Khama Billiat received high praise from Manchester United defender Rio Ferdinand . Rio labelled the young attacking midfielder as an agile and exciting player to watch , with great speed and ball control . Mamelodi Sundowns . Despite a trial with Lokomotiv Moscow in July 2013 , Billiat joined Mamelodi Sundowns on 19 August 2013 on a five-year contract . He made his Sundowns debut on 28 August in a 1–1 draw versus Platinum Stars , while his first goal for the club came almost a month later in a 2–1 home victory against Bidvest Wits . In 2016 , he helped Mamelodi Sundowns claim their first ever continental title and becoming only the second South African team to be crowned champions of Africa.On 21 November 2017 Billiat scored a brace against Bidvest Wits . Kaizer Chiefs . In June 2018 , it was announced that Khama Billiat was moving from Mamelodi Sundowns to Kaizer , few days later it was announced that Khama Billiat had signed for Kaizer Chiefs on a three year deal . He made his competitive debut for the club on 4 August 2018 in a 1-1 league draw with his former club , Mamelodi Sundowns . International career . Khama Billiat has represented Zimbabwe on various youth levels . Since then , he has seen several appearances with the Zimbabwe national team during the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying matches and various friendly matches scheduled , becoming a regular starter in the attacking midfield for the Warriors . His senior debut came in a 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Mali on 26 March 2011 . Later that year , in August , Billiat scored his first goal for Zimbabwe in a friendly match versus Zambia . Billiat also played for the Zimbabwean national team at the 2017 edition of the African Cup of Nations . Honours . Club . - Mamelodi Sundowns - Premier Soccer League ( 3 ) : 2013–14 , 2015–162015–16 - Nedbank Cup ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - Telkom Knockout ( 1 ) : 2015 - CAF Champions League : 2016 - CAF Super Cup : 2017 Individual . - PSL Player of the Season : 2016 - PSL Players Player of the Season : 2016 - PSL Midfielder of the Season : 2016 |
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| easy | Which team did Khama Billiat play for from 2011 to 2014? | /wiki/Khama_Billiat#P54#1 | Khama Billiat Khama Billiat ( born 19 August 1990 in Harare ) is a Zimbabwean professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Kaizer Chiefs in South Africa . He also plays for the Zimbabwe national team . Club career . CAPS United FC . Khama Billiat first played for CAPS United FC under coach Lloyd Chitembwe in 2010 . He featured for only 15 minutes at Rufaro Stadium , before migrating to South Africa . His stint at the Harare giants , lasted 3 months . Ajax Cape Town . Khama Billiat made his professional debut for Ajax Cape Town on 20 August 2010 against Mamelodi Sundowns , winning ( 4–3 ) on penalties after a 1–1 draw , in a quarterfinal match of the 2010 MTN 8 tournament at Athlone Stadium in Cape Town . He was acquired by Ajax Cape Town in the summer of 2010 as a transfer from Zimbabwean club CAPS United , only 3 months after the club had recruited him from Aces Youth Soccer Academy in Harare . Billiat was joined at Ajax CT by CAPS club mate Tafadzwa Rusike , who had also transferred to the Cape club . On 21 July 2012 , in a friendly encounter during the off season , Ajax Cape Town held the visiting Manchester United to a 1–1 draw in which Khama Billiat received high praise from Manchester United defender Rio Ferdinand . Rio labelled the young attacking midfielder as an agile and exciting player to watch , with great speed and ball control . Mamelodi Sundowns . Despite a trial with Lokomotiv Moscow in July 2013 , Billiat joined Mamelodi Sundowns on 19 August 2013 on a five-year contract . He made his Sundowns debut on 28 August in a 1–1 draw versus Platinum Stars , while his first goal for the club came almost a month later in a 2–1 home victory against Bidvest Wits . In 2016 , he helped Mamelodi Sundowns claim their first ever continental title and becoming only the second South African team to be crowned champions of Africa.On 21 November 2017 Billiat scored a brace against Bidvest Wits . Kaizer Chiefs . In June 2018 , it was announced that Khama Billiat was moving from Mamelodi Sundowns to Kaizer , few days later it was announced that Khama Billiat had signed for Kaizer Chiefs on a three year deal . He made his competitive debut for the club on 4 August 2018 in a 1-1 league draw with his former club , Mamelodi Sundowns . International career . Khama Billiat has represented Zimbabwe on various youth levels . Since then , he has seen several appearances with the Zimbabwe national team during the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying matches and various friendly matches scheduled , becoming a regular starter in the attacking midfield for the Warriors . His senior debut came in a 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Mali on 26 March 2011 . Later that year , in August , Billiat scored his first goal for Zimbabwe in a friendly match versus Zambia . Billiat also played for the Zimbabwean national team at the 2017 edition of the African Cup of Nations . Honours . Club . - Mamelodi Sundowns - Premier Soccer League ( 3 ) : 2013–14 , 2015–162015–16 - Nedbank Cup ( 1 ) : 2014–15 - Telkom Knockout ( 1 ) : 2015 - CAF Champions League : 2016 - CAF Super Cup : 2017 Individual . - PSL Player of the Season : 2016 - PSL Players Player of the Season : 2016 - PSL Midfielder of the Season : 2016 |
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"Katy Jurado"
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| easy | Who was Ernest Borgnine 's spouse from Dec 1959 to Jun 1963? | /wiki/Ernest_Borgnine#P26#0 | Ernest Borgnine Ernest Borgnine ( ; born Ermes Effron Borgnino ; January 24 , 1917 – July 8 , 2012 ) was an American actor whose career spanned over six decades . He was noted for his gruff but relaxed voice and gap-toothed Cheshire Cat grin . A popular performer , he also appeared as a guest on numerous talk shows and as a panelist on several game shows . Borgnines film career began in 1951 , and included supporting roles in China Corsair ( 1951 ) , From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , Vera Cruz ( 1954 ) , Bad Day at Black Rock ( 1955 ) and The Wild Bunch ( 1969 ) . He also played the unconventional lead in many films , winning the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1956 , for Marty ( 1955 ) . Marty also won the 1956 Academy Award for Best Picture . Borgnine achieved continuing success in the sitcom McHales Navy ( 1962–1966 ) , in which he played the title character , and co-starred as Dominic Santini in the action series Airwolf ( 1984–1986 ) , in addition to a wide variety of other roles . Borgnine earned his third Primetime Emmy Award nomination at age 92 for his work on the 2009 series finale of ER . He was known as the original voice of Mermaid Man on SpongeBob SquarePants from 1999 until his death in 2012 . He replaced the late Vic Tayback as the voice of the villainous Carface Caruthers in both All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 ( 1996 ) and ( 1996–1998 ) . Early life . Borgnine was born Ermes Effron Borgnino ( ) on January 24 , 1917 , in Hamden , Connecticut , the son of Italian immigrants . His mother , Anna ( ; 1894– 1949 ) , hailed from Carpi , near Modena , while his father Camillo Borgnino ( 1891–1975 ) was a native of Ottiglio near Alessandria . Borgnines parents separated when he was two years old , and he then lived with his mother in Italy for about four and a half years . By 1923 , his parents had reconciled , the family name was changed from Borgnino to Borgnine , and his father changed his first name to Charles . Borgnine had a younger sister , Evelyn Borgnine Velardi ( 1925–2013 ) . The family settled in New Haven , Connecticut , where Borgnine graduated from James Hillhouse High School . He took to sports while growing up , but showed no interest in acting . Naval service . Borgnine joined the United States Navy in October 1935 , after graduation from high school . He served aboard the destroyer/minesweeper ( DD-119 ; AG-21 and DMS-2 ) and was honorably discharged from the Navy in October 1941 . In January 1942 , he reenlisted in the Navy after the attack on Pearl Harbor . During World War II , he patrolled the Atlantic Coast on an antisubmarine warfare ship , the USS Sylph ( PY-12 ) . In September 1945 , he was once again honorably discharged from the Navy . He served a total of almost ten years in the Navy and obtained the grade of gunners mate 1st class . His military awards include the Navy Good Conduct Medal , American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp , American Campaign Medal with bronze star , and the World War II Victory Medal . In 1997 , Borgnine received the United States Navy Memorial , Lone Sailor Award . On December 7 , 2000 , Borgnine was named the Veterans Foundations Veteran of the Year . In October 2004 , Borgnine received the honorary title of chief petty officer from Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Terry D . Scott . The ceremony for Borgnines naval advancement was held at the U.S . Navy Memorial in Washington , D.C . He received the special honor for his naval service and support of the Naval personnel and their families worldwide . In 2007 , he received the California Commendation Medal . Acting career . Early career . Borgnine returned to his parents house in Connecticut after his Navy discharge without a job to go back to and no direction . In a British Film Institute interview about his life and career , he said : He took a local factory job , but was unwilling to settle down to that kind of work . His mother encouraged him to pursue a more glamorous profession and suggested to him that his personality would be well suited for the stage . He surprised his mother by taking the suggestion to heart , although his father was far from enthusiastic . In 2011 , Borgnine remembered , Stage . He studied acting at the Randall School of Drama in Hartford , then moved to Virginia , where he became a member of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon , Virginia . It had been named for the directors allowing audiences to barter produce for admission during the cash-lean years of the Great Depression . In 1947 , Borgnine landed his first stage role in State of the Union . Although it was a short role , he won over the audience . His next role was as the Gentleman Caller in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie . In 1949 , Borgnine went to New York , where he had his Broadway debut in the role of a nurse in the play Harvey . Films . An appearance as the villain on TVs Captain Video led to Borgnines casting in the motion picture The Whistle at Eaton Falls ( 1951 ) for Columbia Pictures . That year , Borgnine moved to Los Angeles , California , where he eventually received his big break in Columbias From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , playing the sadistic Sergeant Fatso Judson , who beats a stockade prisoner in his charge , Angelo Maggio ( played by Frank Sinatra ) . Borgnine built a reputation as a dependable character actor and played villains in early films , including movies such as Johnny Guitar , Vera Cruz , and Bad Day at Black Rock . In 1955 , the actor starred as a warmhearted butcher in Marty , the film version of the television play of the same title . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor over Frank Sinatra , James Dean ( who had died by the time of the ceremony ) , and former Best Actor winners Spencer Tracy and James Cagney . Borgnines film career flourished for the next three decades , including roles in The Flight of the Phoenix ( 1965 ) , The Dirty Dozen ( 1967 ) , Ice Station Zebra ( 1968 ) , The Poseidon Adventure ( 1972 ) , Emperor of the North ( 1973 ) , Convoy ( 1978 ) , The Black Hole ( 1979 ) , and Escape from New York ( 1981 ) . One of his most famous roles was that of Dutch , a member of The Wild Bunch in the 1969 Western classic from director Sam Peckinpah . Of his role in The Wild Bunch , Borgnine later said , Television . Borgnine made his TV debut as a character actor in Captain Video and His Video Rangers , beginning in 1951 . These two episodes led to countless other television roles that Borgnine would gain in Goodyear Television Playhouse ; The Ford Television Theatre ; Fireside Theatre ; Frontier Justice ; Laramie ; Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre ; Run for Your Life ; Little House on the Prairie ( a two-part episode entitled The Lord is My Shepherd ) ; The Love Boat ; Magnum , P.I. ; Highway to Heaven ; Murder , She Wrote ; Walker , Texas Ranger ; Home Improvement ; Touched by an Angel ; the final episodes of ER ; the first episode of Wagon Train ; and many others . In 2009 , at the age of 92 , Borgnine earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance as Paul Manning in the series finale of ER , entitled And in the End... . He made his first appearance as the character in the preceding episode Old Times . McHales Navy . In 1962 , Borgnine signed a contract with Universal Studios for the lead role as the gruff but lovable skipper , Quinton McHale , in what began as a serious one-hour 1962 episode called Seven Against the Sea for Alcoa Premiere , and later reworked to a comedy called McHales Navy , a World War II sitcom , which also co-starred unfamiliar comedians Joe Flynn as Capt . Wally Binghamton and Tim Conway as Ens . Charles Parker . The insubordinate crew of PT-73 helped the show become an overnight success during its first season , landing in the Top 30 in 1963 . He thrived on the adulation from fans for their favorite navy man , and in 1963 received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series . At the end of the fourth season , in 1966 low ratings and repetitive storylines brought McHales Navy to an end . Tim Conway said about the sitcom : You know , we were all guys , it was about the war , and about men , so , there werent many women working on the show , so we can spit , talk , swear , and everything—smoke ? Gosh . So , it was male oriented . Conway once referred to Borgnine making new friends off of the Universal set , It was the beginning of the trams , going through Universal . Ernie was probably one of the few people at Universal , who would stop the trams and say , Hello , how are you ? He would talk to everybody at the tram . While the show McHales Navy was going strong , Tim had also said of Borgnines short-lived marriage to Ethel Merman , Ernie is volatile . I mean , theres no question about that ; and Ethel was a very strong lady . So , you put two bombs in a room , something is going to explode , and I guess it probably did . He also said about the cancellation of McHales Navy was , We had gone from the South Pacific to Italy , and then , once in a while , we got to New York or something . The storylines were beginning to duplicate themselves . So , they actually said , Maybe , they had its run! . Conway kept in touch with Borgnine for more than 40 years , while living not too far from one another . In 1999 , the duo reunited to lend their voices to several episodes of the popular 2000s animated comedy , SpongeBob SquarePants . At the time McHales Navy began production , Borgnine was married to actress Katy Jurado . Her death in 2002 drew Borgnine and Conway much closer , as Conway had heard so much of the actresss death . He knew that Borgnine had once referred to her as beautiful , but a tiger . Conway thought Borgnine was more than likely to have died an Italian count , had it not been for Benito Mussolini : I cant envision him as a count . But maybe as a king — certainly not a count . The last thing he said about his acting mentors long career : There were no limits to Ernie . When you look at his career — Fatso Judson to Marty — thats about as varied as you get in characters and he handled both of them with equal delicacy and got the most out of those characters . 1983 to 1998 : Subsequent success . Borgnine returned to Universal Studios in 1983 , for a co-starring role opposite Jan-Michael Vincent , on Airwolf . After he was approached by producer Donald P . Bellisario , who had been impressed by Borgnines guest role as a wrestler in a 1982 episode of Magnum , P.I. , he immediately agreed . He played Dominic Santini , a helicopter pilot , in the series , which became an immediate hit . Borgnines strong performances belied his exhaustion due to the grueling production schedule , and the challenges of working with his younger , troubled series lead . The show was canceled by CBS in 1986 . He appeared with Jonathan Silverman in The Single Guy as doorman Manny Cordoba , which lasted two seasons . According to Silverman , Borgnine came to work with more energy and passion than all other stars combined . He was the first person to arrive on the set every day and the last to leave . In 1988 , he appeared the action film Laser Mission . With Brandon Lee playing the lead . Borgnine joined Lee in Namibia to shoot their scenes . The plot concerns a mercenary named Michael Gold ( Lee ) who is sent to convince Dr . Braun ( Borgnine ) , a laser specialist , to defect to the United States before the KGB acquires him and uses his talents to create a nuclear weapon . In the United States the film was released in 1990 . Distributed by Turner Home Entertainment , it was a commercial success on home video . The film is generally panned by critics with a few finding it to be an amusing action B movie . In 1996 , Borgnine starred in the televised fantasy/thriller film Merlins Shop of Mystical Wonders ( partially adapted from the 1984 horror film The Devils Gift ) . As narrator and storyteller , Borgnine recounts a string of related supernatural tales , his modern-day fables notably centering on an enchanted and malicious cymbal-banging monkey toy stolen from the wizard Merlin . The film was later featured in the parodical television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and has since gained a prominent cult following . Also in 1996 , Borgnine toured the United States on a bus to meet his fans and see the country . The trip was the subject of a 1997 documentary , Ernest Borgnine on the Bus . He also served one year as the chairman of the National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans , visiting patients in many Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers . In 1997 , Borgnine appeared in the big-screen adaptation comedy film McHales Navy , where he played Rear Admiral Quinton McHale , who was also the father of Tom Arnolds character , Quinton McHale Jr . 1999 to 2011 : Last works . Starting in 1999 , Borgnine provided his voice talent to the animated sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants as the elderly superhero Mermaid Man ( where he was paired up with his McHales Navy co-star Tim Conway as the voice of Mermaid Mans sidekick Barnacle Boy ) . He expressed affection for this role , in no small part for its popularity among children . After his death Nickelodeon re-aired all of the episodes in which Mermaid Man appeared in memoriam . Borgnine also appeared as himself in The Simpsons episode Boy-Scoutz n the Hood , in addition to a number of television commercials . In 2000 , he was the executive producer of Hoover , in which he was the only credited actor . In 2007 , Borgnine starred in the Hallmark original film A Grandpa for Christmas . He played a man who , after his estranged daughter ends up in the hospital because of a car accident , discovers that he has a granddaughter he never knew about . She is taken into his care , and they soon become great friends . Borgnine received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture made for Television for his performance . At 90 , he was the oldest Golden Globe nominee ever . Borgnines autobiography Ernie was published by Citadel Press in July 2008 . Ernie is a loose , conversational recollection of highlights from his acting career and notable events from his personal life . On April 2 , 2009 , he appeared in the last episode of the long-running medical series ER . His role was that of a husband whose long marriage ended with his wifes death . In his final scene , his character is in a hospital bed lying beside his just-deceased wife . His performance garnered an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series , his third nomination and his first in 29 years ( since being nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special in 1980 for All Quiet on the Western Front ) . In 2009 , at age 92 , he starred as Frank , the main character of Another Harvest Moon , directed by Greg Swartz and also starring Piper Laurie and Anne Meara . On October 2 , 2010 , Borgnine appeared as himself in a sketch with Morgan Freeman on Saturday Night Live . On October 15 , 2010 , he appeared in Red , which was filmed earlier that year . In late 2011 , Borgnine completed what would be his last film , playing Rex Page in The Man Who Shook the Hand of Vicente Fernandez . Personal life . Borgnine married five times . His first marriage , from 1949 to 1958 , was to Rhoda Kemins , whom he met while serving in the Navy . They had one daughter , Nancee ( born May 28 , 1952 ) . He was then married to actress Katy Jurado from 1959 to 1963 . Borgnines marriage to singer Ethel Merman in 1964 lasted only 42 days . Their time together was mostly spent hurling profane insults at each other , and both would later admit that the marriage was a colossal mistake ( Mermans description of the marriage in her autobiography was a solitary blank page ) . Their divorce was finalized on May 25 , 1965 . From 1965 to 1972 , Borgnine was married to Donna Rancourt , with whom he had a son , Cristopher ( born August 9 , 1969 ) and two daughters , Sharon ( born August 5 , 1965 ) and Diana ( born December 29 , 1970 ) . His fifth and last marriage was to Tova Traesnaes , which lasted from February 24 , 1973 , until his death in July 2012 . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason at Abingdon Lodge No . 48 in Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . Borgnine was a heavy smoker until 1962 . Death . Borgnine died of lung failure on July 8 , 2012 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles , California . He was 95 years old . Borgnine was cremated . Honors . Borgnines hometown of Hamden , Connecticut , where he enjoyed a large and vocal following , named a park and a small road in his honor . From 1972 to 2002 , Borgnine marched in Milwaukees annual Great Circus Parade as the Grand Clown . In 1994 , Borgnine received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations . In 1996 , he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City . In 1997 , Borgnine was the commencement speaker at Lakeland College , and received an honorary doctorate in humane letters in recognition of his distinguished acting career . In 1998 , the Palm Springs , California , Walk of Stars dedicated a Golden Palm Star to him . In 2006 the comune of Ottiglio , Italy , his fathers birthplace , gave him honorary citizenship . is dedicated to Borgnine . Film awards and nominations . Borgnine won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Marty Piletti in the film Marty . At the time of his death , he was the oldest living recipient of the Best Actor Oscar . For his contributions to the film industry , Borgnine received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 . The star is located at 6324 Hollywood Boulevard . He was honored with the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award at the 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards , held January 30 , 2011 . Awards from fraternal groups . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason in Abingdon Lodge No . 48 , Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles ( in the Southern Jurisdiction of the U.S.A ) in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . He was also a member of the Loyal Order of Moose at that organizations Lodge in Junction City , Oregon . He volunteered to be Stories of Service National spokesman , urging his fellow World War II vets to come forward and share their stories . Further reading . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . |
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| easy | Who was the spouse of Ernest Borgnine from Jun 1964 to May 1965? | /wiki/Ernest_Borgnine#P26#1 | Ernest Borgnine Ernest Borgnine ( ; born Ermes Effron Borgnino ; January 24 , 1917 – July 8 , 2012 ) was an American actor whose career spanned over six decades . He was noted for his gruff but relaxed voice and gap-toothed Cheshire Cat grin . A popular performer , he also appeared as a guest on numerous talk shows and as a panelist on several game shows . Borgnines film career began in 1951 , and included supporting roles in China Corsair ( 1951 ) , From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , Vera Cruz ( 1954 ) , Bad Day at Black Rock ( 1955 ) and The Wild Bunch ( 1969 ) . He also played the unconventional lead in many films , winning the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1956 , for Marty ( 1955 ) . Marty also won the 1956 Academy Award for Best Picture . Borgnine achieved continuing success in the sitcom McHales Navy ( 1962–1966 ) , in which he played the title character , and co-starred as Dominic Santini in the action series Airwolf ( 1984–1986 ) , in addition to a wide variety of other roles . Borgnine earned his third Primetime Emmy Award nomination at age 92 for his work on the 2009 series finale of ER . He was known as the original voice of Mermaid Man on SpongeBob SquarePants from 1999 until his death in 2012 . He replaced the late Vic Tayback as the voice of the villainous Carface Caruthers in both All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 ( 1996 ) and ( 1996–1998 ) . Early life . Borgnine was born Ermes Effron Borgnino ( ) on January 24 , 1917 , in Hamden , Connecticut , the son of Italian immigrants . His mother , Anna ( ; 1894– 1949 ) , hailed from Carpi , near Modena , while his father Camillo Borgnino ( 1891–1975 ) was a native of Ottiglio near Alessandria . Borgnines parents separated when he was two years old , and he then lived with his mother in Italy for about four and a half years . By 1923 , his parents had reconciled , the family name was changed from Borgnino to Borgnine , and his father changed his first name to Charles . Borgnine had a younger sister , Evelyn Borgnine Velardi ( 1925–2013 ) . The family settled in New Haven , Connecticut , where Borgnine graduated from James Hillhouse High School . He took to sports while growing up , but showed no interest in acting . Naval service . Borgnine joined the United States Navy in October 1935 , after graduation from high school . He served aboard the destroyer/minesweeper ( DD-119 ; AG-21 and DMS-2 ) and was honorably discharged from the Navy in October 1941 . In January 1942 , he reenlisted in the Navy after the attack on Pearl Harbor . During World War II , he patrolled the Atlantic Coast on an antisubmarine warfare ship , the USS Sylph ( PY-12 ) . In September 1945 , he was once again honorably discharged from the Navy . He served a total of almost ten years in the Navy and obtained the grade of gunners mate 1st class . His military awards include the Navy Good Conduct Medal , American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp , American Campaign Medal with bronze star , and the World War II Victory Medal . In 1997 , Borgnine received the United States Navy Memorial , Lone Sailor Award . On December 7 , 2000 , Borgnine was named the Veterans Foundations Veteran of the Year . In October 2004 , Borgnine received the honorary title of chief petty officer from Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Terry D . Scott . The ceremony for Borgnines naval advancement was held at the U.S . Navy Memorial in Washington , D.C . He received the special honor for his naval service and support of the Naval personnel and their families worldwide . In 2007 , he received the California Commendation Medal . Acting career . Early career . Borgnine returned to his parents house in Connecticut after his Navy discharge without a job to go back to and no direction . In a British Film Institute interview about his life and career , he said : He took a local factory job , but was unwilling to settle down to that kind of work . His mother encouraged him to pursue a more glamorous profession and suggested to him that his personality would be well suited for the stage . He surprised his mother by taking the suggestion to heart , although his father was far from enthusiastic . In 2011 , Borgnine remembered , Stage . He studied acting at the Randall School of Drama in Hartford , then moved to Virginia , where he became a member of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon , Virginia . It had been named for the directors allowing audiences to barter produce for admission during the cash-lean years of the Great Depression . In 1947 , Borgnine landed his first stage role in State of the Union . Although it was a short role , he won over the audience . His next role was as the Gentleman Caller in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie . In 1949 , Borgnine went to New York , where he had his Broadway debut in the role of a nurse in the play Harvey . Films . An appearance as the villain on TVs Captain Video led to Borgnines casting in the motion picture The Whistle at Eaton Falls ( 1951 ) for Columbia Pictures . That year , Borgnine moved to Los Angeles , California , where he eventually received his big break in Columbias From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , playing the sadistic Sergeant Fatso Judson , who beats a stockade prisoner in his charge , Angelo Maggio ( played by Frank Sinatra ) . Borgnine built a reputation as a dependable character actor and played villains in early films , including movies such as Johnny Guitar , Vera Cruz , and Bad Day at Black Rock . In 1955 , the actor starred as a warmhearted butcher in Marty , the film version of the television play of the same title . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor over Frank Sinatra , James Dean ( who had died by the time of the ceremony ) , and former Best Actor winners Spencer Tracy and James Cagney . Borgnines film career flourished for the next three decades , including roles in The Flight of the Phoenix ( 1965 ) , The Dirty Dozen ( 1967 ) , Ice Station Zebra ( 1968 ) , The Poseidon Adventure ( 1972 ) , Emperor of the North ( 1973 ) , Convoy ( 1978 ) , The Black Hole ( 1979 ) , and Escape from New York ( 1981 ) . One of his most famous roles was that of Dutch , a member of The Wild Bunch in the 1969 Western classic from director Sam Peckinpah . Of his role in The Wild Bunch , Borgnine later said , Television . Borgnine made his TV debut as a character actor in Captain Video and His Video Rangers , beginning in 1951 . These two episodes led to countless other television roles that Borgnine would gain in Goodyear Television Playhouse ; The Ford Television Theatre ; Fireside Theatre ; Frontier Justice ; Laramie ; Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre ; Run for Your Life ; Little House on the Prairie ( a two-part episode entitled The Lord is My Shepherd ) ; The Love Boat ; Magnum , P.I. ; Highway to Heaven ; Murder , She Wrote ; Walker , Texas Ranger ; Home Improvement ; Touched by an Angel ; the final episodes of ER ; the first episode of Wagon Train ; and many others . In 2009 , at the age of 92 , Borgnine earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance as Paul Manning in the series finale of ER , entitled And in the End... . He made his first appearance as the character in the preceding episode Old Times . McHales Navy . In 1962 , Borgnine signed a contract with Universal Studios for the lead role as the gruff but lovable skipper , Quinton McHale , in what began as a serious one-hour 1962 episode called Seven Against the Sea for Alcoa Premiere , and later reworked to a comedy called McHales Navy , a World War II sitcom , which also co-starred unfamiliar comedians Joe Flynn as Capt . Wally Binghamton and Tim Conway as Ens . Charles Parker . The insubordinate crew of PT-73 helped the show become an overnight success during its first season , landing in the Top 30 in 1963 . He thrived on the adulation from fans for their favorite navy man , and in 1963 received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series . At the end of the fourth season , in 1966 low ratings and repetitive storylines brought McHales Navy to an end . Tim Conway said about the sitcom : You know , we were all guys , it was about the war , and about men , so , there werent many women working on the show , so we can spit , talk , swear , and everything—smoke ? Gosh . So , it was male oriented . Conway once referred to Borgnine making new friends off of the Universal set , It was the beginning of the trams , going through Universal . Ernie was probably one of the few people at Universal , who would stop the trams and say , Hello , how are you ? He would talk to everybody at the tram . While the show McHales Navy was going strong , Tim had also said of Borgnines short-lived marriage to Ethel Merman , Ernie is volatile . I mean , theres no question about that ; and Ethel was a very strong lady . So , you put two bombs in a room , something is going to explode , and I guess it probably did . He also said about the cancellation of McHales Navy was , We had gone from the South Pacific to Italy , and then , once in a while , we got to New York or something . The storylines were beginning to duplicate themselves . So , they actually said , Maybe , they had its run! . Conway kept in touch with Borgnine for more than 40 years , while living not too far from one another . In 1999 , the duo reunited to lend their voices to several episodes of the popular 2000s animated comedy , SpongeBob SquarePants . At the time McHales Navy began production , Borgnine was married to actress Katy Jurado . Her death in 2002 drew Borgnine and Conway much closer , as Conway had heard so much of the actresss death . He knew that Borgnine had once referred to her as beautiful , but a tiger . Conway thought Borgnine was more than likely to have died an Italian count , had it not been for Benito Mussolini : I cant envision him as a count . But maybe as a king — certainly not a count . The last thing he said about his acting mentors long career : There were no limits to Ernie . When you look at his career — Fatso Judson to Marty — thats about as varied as you get in characters and he handled both of them with equal delicacy and got the most out of those characters . 1983 to 1998 : Subsequent success . Borgnine returned to Universal Studios in 1983 , for a co-starring role opposite Jan-Michael Vincent , on Airwolf . After he was approached by producer Donald P . Bellisario , who had been impressed by Borgnines guest role as a wrestler in a 1982 episode of Magnum , P.I. , he immediately agreed . He played Dominic Santini , a helicopter pilot , in the series , which became an immediate hit . Borgnines strong performances belied his exhaustion due to the grueling production schedule , and the challenges of working with his younger , troubled series lead . The show was canceled by CBS in 1986 . He appeared with Jonathan Silverman in The Single Guy as doorman Manny Cordoba , which lasted two seasons . According to Silverman , Borgnine came to work with more energy and passion than all other stars combined . He was the first person to arrive on the set every day and the last to leave . In 1988 , he appeared the action film Laser Mission . With Brandon Lee playing the lead . Borgnine joined Lee in Namibia to shoot their scenes . The plot concerns a mercenary named Michael Gold ( Lee ) who is sent to convince Dr . Braun ( Borgnine ) , a laser specialist , to defect to the United States before the KGB acquires him and uses his talents to create a nuclear weapon . In the United States the film was released in 1990 . Distributed by Turner Home Entertainment , it was a commercial success on home video . The film is generally panned by critics with a few finding it to be an amusing action B movie . In 1996 , Borgnine starred in the televised fantasy/thriller film Merlins Shop of Mystical Wonders ( partially adapted from the 1984 horror film The Devils Gift ) . As narrator and storyteller , Borgnine recounts a string of related supernatural tales , his modern-day fables notably centering on an enchanted and malicious cymbal-banging monkey toy stolen from the wizard Merlin . The film was later featured in the parodical television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and has since gained a prominent cult following . Also in 1996 , Borgnine toured the United States on a bus to meet his fans and see the country . The trip was the subject of a 1997 documentary , Ernest Borgnine on the Bus . He also served one year as the chairman of the National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans , visiting patients in many Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers . In 1997 , Borgnine appeared in the big-screen adaptation comedy film McHales Navy , where he played Rear Admiral Quinton McHale , who was also the father of Tom Arnolds character , Quinton McHale Jr . 1999 to 2011 : Last works . Starting in 1999 , Borgnine provided his voice talent to the animated sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants as the elderly superhero Mermaid Man ( where he was paired up with his McHales Navy co-star Tim Conway as the voice of Mermaid Mans sidekick Barnacle Boy ) . He expressed affection for this role , in no small part for its popularity among children . After his death Nickelodeon re-aired all of the episodes in which Mermaid Man appeared in memoriam . Borgnine also appeared as himself in The Simpsons episode Boy-Scoutz n the Hood , in addition to a number of television commercials . In 2000 , he was the executive producer of Hoover , in which he was the only credited actor . In 2007 , Borgnine starred in the Hallmark original film A Grandpa for Christmas . He played a man who , after his estranged daughter ends up in the hospital because of a car accident , discovers that he has a granddaughter he never knew about . She is taken into his care , and they soon become great friends . Borgnine received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture made for Television for his performance . At 90 , he was the oldest Golden Globe nominee ever . Borgnines autobiography Ernie was published by Citadel Press in July 2008 . Ernie is a loose , conversational recollection of highlights from his acting career and notable events from his personal life . On April 2 , 2009 , he appeared in the last episode of the long-running medical series ER . His role was that of a husband whose long marriage ended with his wifes death . In his final scene , his character is in a hospital bed lying beside his just-deceased wife . His performance garnered an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series , his third nomination and his first in 29 years ( since being nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special in 1980 for All Quiet on the Western Front ) . In 2009 , at age 92 , he starred as Frank , the main character of Another Harvest Moon , directed by Greg Swartz and also starring Piper Laurie and Anne Meara . On October 2 , 2010 , Borgnine appeared as himself in a sketch with Morgan Freeman on Saturday Night Live . On October 15 , 2010 , he appeared in Red , which was filmed earlier that year . In late 2011 , Borgnine completed what would be his last film , playing Rex Page in The Man Who Shook the Hand of Vicente Fernandez . Personal life . Borgnine married five times . His first marriage , from 1949 to 1958 , was to Rhoda Kemins , whom he met while serving in the Navy . They had one daughter , Nancee ( born May 28 , 1952 ) . He was then married to actress Katy Jurado from 1959 to 1963 . Borgnines marriage to singer Ethel Merman in 1964 lasted only 42 days . Their time together was mostly spent hurling profane insults at each other , and both would later admit that the marriage was a colossal mistake ( Mermans description of the marriage in her autobiography was a solitary blank page ) . Their divorce was finalized on May 25 , 1965 . From 1965 to 1972 , Borgnine was married to Donna Rancourt , with whom he had a son , Cristopher ( born August 9 , 1969 ) and two daughters , Sharon ( born August 5 , 1965 ) and Diana ( born December 29 , 1970 ) . His fifth and last marriage was to Tova Traesnaes , which lasted from February 24 , 1973 , until his death in July 2012 . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason at Abingdon Lodge No . 48 in Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . Borgnine was a heavy smoker until 1962 . Death . Borgnine died of lung failure on July 8 , 2012 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles , California . He was 95 years old . Borgnine was cremated . Honors . Borgnines hometown of Hamden , Connecticut , where he enjoyed a large and vocal following , named a park and a small road in his honor . From 1972 to 2002 , Borgnine marched in Milwaukees annual Great Circus Parade as the Grand Clown . In 1994 , Borgnine received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations . In 1996 , he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City . In 1997 , Borgnine was the commencement speaker at Lakeland College , and received an honorary doctorate in humane letters in recognition of his distinguished acting career . In 1998 , the Palm Springs , California , Walk of Stars dedicated a Golden Palm Star to him . In 2006 the comune of Ottiglio , Italy , his fathers birthplace , gave him honorary citizenship . is dedicated to Borgnine . Film awards and nominations . Borgnine won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Marty Piletti in the film Marty . At the time of his death , he was the oldest living recipient of the Best Actor Oscar . For his contributions to the film industry , Borgnine received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 . The star is located at 6324 Hollywood Boulevard . He was honored with the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award at the 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards , held January 30 , 2011 . Awards from fraternal groups . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason in Abingdon Lodge No . 48 , Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles ( in the Southern Jurisdiction of the U.S.A ) in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . He was also a member of the Loyal Order of Moose at that organizations Lodge in Junction City , Oregon . He volunteered to be Stories of Service National spokesman , urging his fellow World War II vets to come forward and share their stories . Further reading . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . |
[
"Tova Traesnaes"
]
| easy | Who was Ernest Borgnine 's spouse from Feb 1973 to Jul 2012? | /wiki/Ernest_Borgnine#P26#2 | Ernest Borgnine Ernest Borgnine ( ; born Ermes Effron Borgnino ; January 24 , 1917 – July 8 , 2012 ) was an American actor whose career spanned over six decades . He was noted for his gruff but relaxed voice and gap-toothed Cheshire Cat grin . A popular performer , he also appeared as a guest on numerous talk shows and as a panelist on several game shows . Borgnines film career began in 1951 , and included supporting roles in China Corsair ( 1951 ) , From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , Vera Cruz ( 1954 ) , Bad Day at Black Rock ( 1955 ) and The Wild Bunch ( 1969 ) . He also played the unconventional lead in many films , winning the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1956 , for Marty ( 1955 ) . Marty also won the 1956 Academy Award for Best Picture . Borgnine achieved continuing success in the sitcom McHales Navy ( 1962–1966 ) , in which he played the title character , and co-starred as Dominic Santini in the action series Airwolf ( 1984–1986 ) , in addition to a wide variety of other roles . Borgnine earned his third Primetime Emmy Award nomination at age 92 for his work on the 2009 series finale of ER . He was known as the original voice of Mermaid Man on SpongeBob SquarePants from 1999 until his death in 2012 . He replaced the late Vic Tayback as the voice of the villainous Carface Caruthers in both All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 ( 1996 ) and ( 1996–1998 ) . Early life . Borgnine was born Ermes Effron Borgnino ( ) on January 24 , 1917 , in Hamden , Connecticut , the son of Italian immigrants . His mother , Anna ( ; 1894– 1949 ) , hailed from Carpi , near Modena , while his father Camillo Borgnino ( 1891–1975 ) was a native of Ottiglio near Alessandria . Borgnines parents separated when he was two years old , and he then lived with his mother in Italy for about four and a half years . By 1923 , his parents had reconciled , the family name was changed from Borgnino to Borgnine , and his father changed his first name to Charles . Borgnine had a younger sister , Evelyn Borgnine Velardi ( 1925–2013 ) . The family settled in New Haven , Connecticut , where Borgnine graduated from James Hillhouse High School . He took to sports while growing up , but showed no interest in acting . Naval service . Borgnine joined the United States Navy in October 1935 , after graduation from high school . He served aboard the destroyer/minesweeper ( DD-119 ; AG-21 and DMS-2 ) and was honorably discharged from the Navy in October 1941 . In January 1942 , he reenlisted in the Navy after the attack on Pearl Harbor . During World War II , he patrolled the Atlantic Coast on an antisubmarine warfare ship , the USS Sylph ( PY-12 ) . In September 1945 , he was once again honorably discharged from the Navy . He served a total of almost ten years in the Navy and obtained the grade of gunners mate 1st class . His military awards include the Navy Good Conduct Medal , American Defense Service Medal with Fleet Clasp , American Campaign Medal with bronze star , and the World War II Victory Medal . In 1997 , Borgnine received the United States Navy Memorial , Lone Sailor Award . On December 7 , 2000 , Borgnine was named the Veterans Foundations Veteran of the Year . In October 2004 , Borgnine received the honorary title of chief petty officer from Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Terry D . Scott . The ceremony for Borgnines naval advancement was held at the U.S . Navy Memorial in Washington , D.C . He received the special honor for his naval service and support of the Naval personnel and their families worldwide . In 2007 , he received the California Commendation Medal . Acting career . Early career . Borgnine returned to his parents house in Connecticut after his Navy discharge without a job to go back to and no direction . In a British Film Institute interview about his life and career , he said : He took a local factory job , but was unwilling to settle down to that kind of work . His mother encouraged him to pursue a more glamorous profession and suggested to him that his personality would be well suited for the stage . He surprised his mother by taking the suggestion to heart , although his father was far from enthusiastic . In 2011 , Borgnine remembered , Stage . He studied acting at the Randall School of Drama in Hartford , then moved to Virginia , where he became a member of the Barter Theatre in Abingdon , Virginia . It had been named for the directors allowing audiences to barter produce for admission during the cash-lean years of the Great Depression . In 1947 , Borgnine landed his first stage role in State of the Union . Although it was a short role , he won over the audience . His next role was as the Gentleman Caller in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie . In 1949 , Borgnine went to New York , where he had his Broadway debut in the role of a nurse in the play Harvey . Films . An appearance as the villain on TVs Captain Video led to Borgnines casting in the motion picture The Whistle at Eaton Falls ( 1951 ) for Columbia Pictures . That year , Borgnine moved to Los Angeles , California , where he eventually received his big break in Columbias From Here to Eternity ( 1953 ) , playing the sadistic Sergeant Fatso Judson , who beats a stockade prisoner in his charge , Angelo Maggio ( played by Frank Sinatra ) . Borgnine built a reputation as a dependable character actor and played villains in early films , including movies such as Johnny Guitar , Vera Cruz , and Bad Day at Black Rock . In 1955 , the actor starred as a warmhearted butcher in Marty , the film version of the television play of the same title . He won the Academy Award for Best Actor over Frank Sinatra , James Dean ( who had died by the time of the ceremony ) , and former Best Actor winners Spencer Tracy and James Cagney . Borgnines film career flourished for the next three decades , including roles in The Flight of the Phoenix ( 1965 ) , The Dirty Dozen ( 1967 ) , Ice Station Zebra ( 1968 ) , The Poseidon Adventure ( 1972 ) , Emperor of the North ( 1973 ) , Convoy ( 1978 ) , The Black Hole ( 1979 ) , and Escape from New York ( 1981 ) . One of his most famous roles was that of Dutch , a member of The Wild Bunch in the 1969 Western classic from director Sam Peckinpah . Of his role in The Wild Bunch , Borgnine later said , Television . Borgnine made his TV debut as a character actor in Captain Video and His Video Rangers , beginning in 1951 . These two episodes led to countless other television roles that Borgnine would gain in Goodyear Television Playhouse ; The Ford Television Theatre ; Fireside Theatre ; Frontier Justice ; Laramie ; Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre ; Run for Your Life ; Little House on the Prairie ( a two-part episode entitled The Lord is My Shepherd ) ; The Love Boat ; Magnum , P.I. ; Highway to Heaven ; Murder , She Wrote ; Walker , Texas Ranger ; Home Improvement ; Touched by an Angel ; the final episodes of ER ; the first episode of Wagon Train ; and many others . In 2009 , at the age of 92 , Borgnine earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his performance as Paul Manning in the series finale of ER , entitled And in the End... . He made his first appearance as the character in the preceding episode Old Times . McHales Navy . In 1962 , Borgnine signed a contract with Universal Studios for the lead role as the gruff but lovable skipper , Quinton McHale , in what began as a serious one-hour 1962 episode called Seven Against the Sea for Alcoa Premiere , and later reworked to a comedy called McHales Navy , a World War II sitcom , which also co-starred unfamiliar comedians Joe Flynn as Capt . Wally Binghamton and Tim Conway as Ens . Charles Parker . The insubordinate crew of PT-73 helped the show become an overnight success during its first season , landing in the Top 30 in 1963 . He thrived on the adulation from fans for their favorite navy man , and in 1963 received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series . At the end of the fourth season , in 1966 low ratings and repetitive storylines brought McHales Navy to an end . Tim Conway said about the sitcom : You know , we were all guys , it was about the war , and about men , so , there werent many women working on the show , so we can spit , talk , swear , and everything—smoke ? Gosh . So , it was male oriented . Conway once referred to Borgnine making new friends off of the Universal set , It was the beginning of the trams , going through Universal . Ernie was probably one of the few people at Universal , who would stop the trams and say , Hello , how are you ? He would talk to everybody at the tram . While the show McHales Navy was going strong , Tim had also said of Borgnines short-lived marriage to Ethel Merman , Ernie is volatile . I mean , theres no question about that ; and Ethel was a very strong lady . So , you put two bombs in a room , something is going to explode , and I guess it probably did . He also said about the cancellation of McHales Navy was , We had gone from the South Pacific to Italy , and then , once in a while , we got to New York or something . The storylines were beginning to duplicate themselves . So , they actually said , Maybe , they had its run! . Conway kept in touch with Borgnine for more than 40 years , while living not too far from one another . In 1999 , the duo reunited to lend their voices to several episodes of the popular 2000s animated comedy , SpongeBob SquarePants . At the time McHales Navy began production , Borgnine was married to actress Katy Jurado . Her death in 2002 drew Borgnine and Conway much closer , as Conway had heard so much of the actresss death . He knew that Borgnine had once referred to her as beautiful , but a tiger . Conway thought Borgnine was more than likely to have died an Italian count , had it not been for Benito Mussolini : I cant envision him as a count . But maybe as a king — certainly not a count . The last thing he said about his acting mentors long career : There were no limits to Ernie . When you look at his career — Fatso Judson to Marty — thats about as varied as you get in characters and he handled both of them with equal delicacy and got the most out of those characters . 1983 to 1998 : Subsequent success . Borgnine returned to Universal Studios in 1983 , for a co-starring role opposite Jan-Michael Vincent , on Airwolf . After he was approached by producer Donald P . Bellisario , who had been impressed by Borgnines guest role as a wrestler in a 1982 episode of Magnum , P.I. , he immediately agreed . He played Dominic Santini , a helicopter pilot , in the series , which became an immediate hit . Borgnines strong performances belied his exhaustion due to the grueling production schedule , and the challenges of working with his younger , troubled series lead . The show was canceled by CBS in 1986 . He appeared with Jonathan Silverman in The Single Guy as doorman Manny Cordoba , which lasted two seasons . According to Silverman , Borgnine came to work with more energy and passion than all other stars combined . He was the first person to arrive on the set every day and the last to leave . In 1988 , he appeared the action film Laser Mission . With Brandon Lee playing the lead . Borgnine joined Lee in Namibia to shoot their scenes . The plot concerns a mercenary named Michael Gold ( Lee ) who is sent to convince Dr . Braun ( Borgnine ) , a laser specialist , to defect to the United States before the KGB acquires him and uses his talents to create a nuclear weapon . In the United States the film was released in 1990 . Distributed by Turner Home Entertainment , it was a commercial success on home video . The film is generally panned by critics with a few finding it to be an amusing action B movie . In 1996 , Borgnine starred in the televised fantasy/thriller film Merlins Shop of Mystical Wonders ( partially adapted from the 1984 horror film The Devils Gift ) . As narrator and storyteller , Borgnine recounts a string of related supernatural tales , his modern-day fables notably centering on an enchanted and malicious cymbal-banging monkey toy stolen from the wizard Merlin . The film was later featured in the parodical television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 , and has since gained a prominent cult following . Also in 1996 , Borgnine toured the United States on a bus to meet his fans and see the country . The trip was the subject of a 1997 documentary , Ernest Borgnine on the Bus . He also served one year as the chairman of the National Salute to Hospitalized Veterans , visiting patients in many Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers . In 1997 , Borgnine appeared in the big-screen adaptation comedy film McHales Navy , where he played Rear Admiral Quinton McHale , who was also the father of Tom Arnolds character , Quinton McHale Jr . 1999 to 2011 : Last works . Starting in 1999 , Borgnine provided his voice talent to the animated sitcom SpongeBob SquarePants as the elderly superhero Mermaid Man ( where he was paired up with his McHales Navy co-star Tim Conway as the voice of Mermaid Mans sidekick Barnacle Boy ) . He expressed affection for this role , in no small part for its popularity among children . After his death Nickelodeon re-aired all of the episodes in which Mermaid Man appeared in memoriam . Borgnine also appeared as himself in The Simpsons episode Boy-Scoutz n the Hood , in addition to a number of television commercials . In 2000 , he was the executive producer of Hoover , in which he was the only credited actor . In 2007 , Borgnine starred in the Hallmark original film A Grandpa for Christmas . He played a man who , after his estranged daughter ends up in the hospital because of a car accident , discovers that he has a granddaughter he never knew about . She is taken into his care , and they soon become great friends . Borgnine received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture made for Television for his performance . At 90 , he was the oldest Golden Globe nominee ever . Borgnines autobiography Ernie was published by Citadel Press in July 2008 . Ernie is a loose , conversational recollection of highlights from his acting career and notable events from his personal life . On April 2 , 2009 , he appeared in the last episode of the long-running medical series ER . His role was that of a husband whose long marriage ended with his wifes death . In his final scene , his character is in a hospital bed lying beside his just-deceased wife . His performance garnered an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series , his third nomination and his first in 29 years ( since being nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or a Special in 1980 for All Quiet on the Western Front ) . In 2009 , at age 92 , he starred as Frank , the main character of Another Harvest Moon , directed by Greg Swartz and also starring Piper Laurie and Anne Meara . On October 2 , 2010 , Borgnine appeared as himself in a sketch with Morgan Freeman on Saturday Night Live . On October 15 , 2010 , he appeared in Red , which was filmed earlier that year . In late 2011 , Borgnine completed what would be his last film , playing Rex Page in The Man Who Shook the Hand of Vicente Fernandez . Personal life . Borgnine married five times . His first marriage , from 1949 to 1958 , was to Rhoda Kemins , whom he met while serving in the Navy . They had one daughter , Nancee ( born May 28 , 1952 ) . He was then married to actress Katy Jurado from 1959 to 1963 . Borgnines marriage to singer Ethel Merman in 1964 lasted only 42 days . Their time together was mostly spent hurling profane insults at each other , and both would later admit that the marriage was a colossal mistake ( Mermans description of the marriage in her autobiography was a solitary blank page ) . Their divorce was finalized on May 25 , 1965 . From 1965 to 1972 , Borgnine was married to Donna Rancourt , with whom he had a son , Cristopher ( born August 9 , 1969 ) and two daughters , Sharon ( born August 5 , 1965 ) and Diana ( born December 29 , 1970 ) . His fifth and last marriage was to Tova Traesnaes , which lasted from February 24 , 1973 , until his death in July 2012 . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason at Abingdon Lodge No . 48 in Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . Borgnine was a heavy smoker until 1962 . Death . Borgnine died of lung failure on July 8 , 2012 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles , California . He was 95 years old . Borgnine was cremated . Honors . Borgnines hometown of Hamden , Connecticut , where he enjoyed a large and vocal following , named a park and a small road in his honor . From 1972 to 2002 , Borgnine marched in Milwaukees annual Great Circus Parade as the Grand Clown . In 1994 , Borgnine received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor from the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations . In 1996 , he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City . In 1997 , Borgnine was the commencement speaker at Lakeland College , and received an honorary doctorate in humane letters in recognition of his distinguished acting career . In 1998 , the Palm Springs , California , Walk of Stars dedicated a Golden Palm Star to him . In 2006 the comune of Ottiglio , Italy , his fathers birthplace , gave him honorary citizenship . is dedicated to Borgnine . Film awards and nominations . Borgnine won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Marty Piletti in the film Marty . At the time of his death , he was the oldest living recipient of the Best Actor Oscar . For his contributions to the film industry , Borgnine received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 . The star is located at 6324 Hollywood Boulevard . He was honored with the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award at the 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards , held January 30 , 2011 . Awards from fraternal groups . In 2000 , Borgnine received his 50-year pin as a Freemason in Abingdon Lodge No . 48 , Abingdon , Virginia . He joined the Scottish Rite Valley of Los Angeles ( in the Southern Jurisdiction of the U.S.A ) in 1964 , received the KCCH in 1979 , was crowned a 33° Inspector General Honorary in 1983 , and received the Grand Cross of the Court of Honour in 1991 . He was also a member of the Loyal Order of Moose at that organizations Lodge in Junction City , Oregon . He volunteered to be Stories of Service National spokesman , urging his fellow World War II vets to come forward and share their stories . Further reading . - Wise , James . Stars in Blue : Movie Actors in Americas Sea Services . Annapolis , MD : Naval Institute Press , 1997 . . . |
[
"Lanark United"
]
| easy | Dougie Imrie played for which team from 2004 to 2006? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#0 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Clyde"
]
| easy | Dougie Imrie played for which team from 2006 to 2008? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#1 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Inverness Caledonian Thistle"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Dougie Imrie belong to from 2008 to 2010? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#2 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Hamilton Academical"
]
| easy | Dougie Imrie played for which team from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#3 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"St Mirren"
]
| easy | Which team did Dougie Imrie play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#4 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Greenock Morton"
]
| easy | Which team did Dougie Imrie play for from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#5 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Hamilton Academical"
]
| easy | Dougie Imrie played for which team from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Dougie_Imrie#P54#6 | Dougie Imrie Douglas Imrie ( born 3 August 1983 ) is a Scottish former footballer , who played as either a forward or a winger . He played in the professional leagues for Clyde , Inverness Caledonian Thistle , St Mirren , Greenock Morton and Hamilton Academical , having previously played in the Junior league for Lanark United . Club career . Lanark United . Imrie was born in Lanark and came to prominence with local side Junior side Lanark United . He made 138 appearances for them , scoring 77 goals . He had previously played for amateur clubs Kirkfield United , Lanark Thistle and Symington Tinto . Clyde . Imrie stepped up to the senior game when Graham Roberts signed him for Clyde in the January transfer window of 2006 . He made his debut in the 5–0 victory over Stranraer in the Scottish First Division on 11 February 2006 . Imries first goal for Clyde was a spectacular overhead volley from the edge of the area against Queen of the South in a 2–1 defeat on 4 March 2006 . His next goal was also one to remember , as he scored the winner against Dundee at Dens Park when his cross was deflected into the net . On 5 August 2006 , Imrie signed a new contract , keeping him at Clyde until 2008 . In September 2006 , Imrie was involved in a collision with Hamilton Academical player Ross McCabe , in which Imrie jumped out of the way of McCabes tackle and landed awkwardly on McCabes neck . McCabe needed emergency assistance on the pitch , and had to retire from football as a result of an underlying heart condition that doctors discovered whilst treating him for the injury sustained in the accident . Imries last Clyde goal was scored in his final game , in a 3–2 defeat against rivals Hamilton Academical on 26 January 2008 . The goal was a free kick from 25 yards out . Inverness Caledonian Thistle . On 31 January 2008 he signed a two and half-year deal with Inverness Caledonian Thistle moving for a transfer fee of £45,000 , depending on appearances . He made his debut for the club on 9 February 2008 in a 1–1 draw with St Mirren . Imrie settled in fairly well at Caley Thistle and registered two assists in a game against Gretna on 5 April 2008 . and scored his first goal in the following match , a free kick in a 3–0 home win against Kilmarnock on 19 April 2008 . He made his last appearance for Caley in a 1–0 win against Airdrie United . Hamilton Academical . Imrie signed for Hamilton Academical for close to £25,000 on 1 February 2010 and he made his debut in the Lanarkshire derby with Motherwell on 6 February . He signed a new two-year contract on 13 July 2010 . He won the BBC Sportsound Player of the Year in 2009–10 for accumulating the most man-of-the-matches performances throughout the SPL season , despite only joining Accies in February . In the first month after Hamiltons relegation from the Scottish Premier League , Imrie won the SFL Player of the Month award for August 2011 . On 12 January 2012 , Dundee United made an offer of £25,000 to Hamilton for Imrie , which was rejected . St Mirren . St Mirren had a bid accepted for the player on 19 January 2012 of £35,000 and Imrie signed for the Paisley club on a two-and-a-half-year contract . His first appearance came two days later , in a 2–0 home defeat against Celtic . He scored his first goal for the club on 24 November 2012 , as St Mirren beat Dundee 3–1 . On 29 May 2013 , Imries contract with St Mirren was terminated by mutual consent . Morton . Imrie left Saints to sign for local rivals Greenock Morton in July 2013 . He scored his first goal for Morton in a 6–2 Scottish League Cup win over East Fife . He scored again in the League Cup , against Celtic in the 3rd round , from the penalty spot on 24 September 2013 , as Morton won 1–0 at Celtic Park . He left Morton after they were relegated to League One despite an offer of a contract extension . Hamilton Academical ( second spell ) . Imrie re-signed with Hamilton in June 2014 . He scored on his second debut for the club as Hamilton beat Arbroath 2–1 in the first round of the League Cup on 2 August 2014 . In January 2015 , when teammate Martin Canning became Accies player-manager , Imrie was invited to take up a role coaching the clubs youth teams . In April 2015 , he signed a new contract with the club until summer 2016 , and in January 2016 he agreed another new contract until summer 2017 . In December 2017 , Imrie signed a contract extension with Hamilton until May 2019 . In June 2018 , the Under-17 team he coached ( along with Darian MacKinnon ) became Scottish champions in the age group , qualifying for the UEFA Youth League . In July 2018 , he became the club captain . Imrie retired from playing football at the end of the 2018/19 season . Honours . - Lanark United - Evening Times Cup : 2004–05 - Clydesdale Cup : Runner-up 2019–20 - Inverness Caledonian Thistle - Scottish First Division : 2009–10 - Scottish Challenge Cup : Runner-up 2009–10 - St Mirren - Renfrewshire Cup : 2012–13 - Greenock Morton - Renfrewshire Cup : 2013–14 - Hamilton Accademical - Scottish Premiership Play-offs : 2016–17 |
[
"Cork City"
]
| easy | Which team did Joe Gamble play for from 1999 to 2000? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#0 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"Reading"
]
| easy | Which team did Joe Gamble play for from 2000 to 2004? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#1 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"Cork City",
"Hartlepool United"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Joe Gamble belong to from 2004 to 2010? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#2 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"Hartlepool United"
]
| easy | Which team did Joe Gamble play for from 2010 to 2011? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#3 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"Limerick"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Joe Gamble belong to from 2011 to 2013? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#4 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"DPMM FC"
]
| easy | Which team did Joe Gamble play for from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Joe_Gamble#P54#5 | Joe Gamble Joseph Finbar Gamble ( born 14 January 1982 ) is a retired Irish footballer . Gambles playing career spanned 16 years and saw him play for a number of teams across England and Ireland , most notably his local Cork City , as well as being capped twice for the national side before finishing his career in Singapore as player-assistant coach at DPMM FC . After retiring as a player , Gamble moved into full-time coaching before returning to Cork City as their first-team assistant coach . Club career . Cork City . Born in Cork , Gamble made his debut for Cork in the Super Cup against Bohemians in July 2000 . Soon after he signed for Reading on a free transfer , before he returned to Cork City in 2004 . He quickly established himself in the City first team and was a mainstay in the team that won the League of Ireland Premier Division in November 2005 . He later went on to win the FAI Cup and the Setanta Sports Cup while at the club . Hartlepool United . With Cork struggling financially Gamble was allowed to look for a new club and joined Hartlepool United for a trial in December 2009 . Hartlepools Director of Sport Chris Turner was impressed with Gamble and signed him permanently on 5 January 2010 . He joins former Cork teammate Denis Behan at Victoria Park . In May 2011 he was not offered a new contract by the club , along with nine other players from the 2010/11 squad . Limerick . Joe Gamble signed for Limerick on 23 June 2011 . Gamble made his Limerick debut on 16 July 2011 against Athlone Town at Athlone Town Stadium . Joe Gamble was an integral part of the Limerick F.C side for the remaining of the 2011 season as Pat Scullys side pushed for promotion for from the First Division . Gamble made 13 league appearances in midfield for the Shannonsiders as they narrowly missed out on a promotion play-off place to Monaghan United . DPMM FC . Following Gambles release from Limerick , he went on a two-week trial with DPMM FC of the S.League , along with Francis Jeffers , on 24 November 2013 . Following the completion of the trial Brunei DPMM announced they would be signing Gamble along with Robert Alviž and Boris Raspudić . He scored his first goal for the club against Young Lions on 23 August 2015 . He won the 2015 S.League with DPMM on 21 November 2015 . International career . In his early career at Cork City and Reading , Gamble made eight appearances for the Republic of Ireland under-21s , scoring once . The goal came as part of a 3–2 win against Denmark at his home stadium , Turners Cross . In 2006 Joe was nominated on the eircom League team of the season and was shortlisted for player of the year . His displays for City did not go unnoticed by Ireland manager Steve Staunton and in May 2006 he was called up to the Irish International team . He manned the substitutes bench in a match against Chile , but a poor performance saw Staunton unwilling to experiment late in the game . Gamble later played for the Republic of Ireland B team against Scotland in November 2006 . In doing so he became only the third City player ever to do so . In May 2007 , it was announced that Gamble had again been drafted into Steve Stauntons Republic of Ireland squad to travel to the United States to take part in friendly matches against Ecuador and Bolivia . He made his international debut against Ecuador on 23 May 2007 at the Giants Stadium , and having suitably impressed , he started the game against Bolivia three days later at the Gillette Stadium , thus becoming the first home-based player to feature in a Republic of Ireland starting eleven since Glen Crowes appearance against Greece in 2002 . Coaching career . In 2014 and 2015 , Gamble assisted Steve Kean on and off the field at Singapore Premier League club DPMM FC as they won the league title for the first time in their history . Retiring at the end of 2015 , he then worked as a fitness coach at Waterford FC in 2017 and later in a similar role at his former club , Limerick , from 2018 to 2019 . Gamble was assistant manager to Neale Fenn at Cork City from November 2019 to October 2020 . Honours . Club . Cork City - League of Ireland ( 1 ) : 2005 - FAI Cup ( 1 ) : 2007 - Setanta Sports Cup ( 1 ) : 2008 Limerick - League of Ireland First Division ( 1 ) : 2012 - Munster Senior Cup ( 1 ) : 2011–12 DPMM FC - S.League ( 1 ) : 2015 - Singapore League Cup ( 1 ) : 2014 Individual . - PFAI First Division Team of the Year ( 1 ) : 2012 External links . - Joe Gamble profile at Vital Hartlepool |
[
"Laura Harvey"
]
| easy | Who was the head coach of the team OL Reign from Dec 2012 to Nov 2017? | /wiki/OL_Reign#P286#0 | OL Reign OL Reign is an American professional womens soccer team based in Tacoma , Washington . Founded by Bill and Teresa Predmore in 2012 as Seattle Reign FC , it was one of eight inaugural members of the National Womens Soccer League ( NWSL ) . In 2020 , OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin , became the teams majority owner and rebranded to its current name , badge , and colors . Laura Harvey was the teams first head coach and led the team to two consecutive NWSL Shield wins in 2014 and 2015 . OL Reign plays its home matches at Cheney Stadium . The club previously played at Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila ( 2013 ) and at Memorial Stadium in Seattle ( 2014–18 ) . History . Establishment . Following the demise of Womens Professional Soccer in April 2012 , the United States Soccer Federation announced in June that it would found a new professional womens soccer league ( later named National Womens Soccer League ) and invite prospective team owners to submit applications . Bill Predmore , founder and CEO of Seattle-based digital marketing agency , POP , submitted his application pitch for a team tentatively named Seattle Sirens FC . In November 2012 , it was confirmed that Predmores application had been accepted and there would be a Seattle-based womens professional soccer team in 2013 . On December 19 , 2012 , the team name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC , named in honor of the 1990s Seattle Reign womens basketball team . Former general manager of the Seattle Sounders Women and Seattle Sounders FCs director of youth programs Amy Carnell was named general manager . 2013 : Inaugural season . On December 21 , 2012 , the team announced Laura Harvey as its first head coach . Harvey was head coach of Arsenal L.F.C . from 2010–2012 after serving as an assistant for two years , assisted and then coached Birmingham City L.F.C . from 2002–2008 , and served as an assistant coach for Englands U-17 , U-19 and U-23 womens national teams from 2005–2011 . On January 11 , 2013 , Kaylyn Kyle , Teresa Noyola , Megan Rapinoe , Amy Rodriguez , Jenny Ruiz , Hope Solo , and Emily Zurrer were named to the team as part of the NWSL Player Allocation . On January 18 , the Reign selected Christine Nairn , Mallory Schaffer , Kristen Meier , and Haley Kopmeyer at the 2013 NWSL College Draft . On February 4 , 2013 , it was announced that the team had signed four free agents : Kate Deines , Jess Fishlock , Tiffany Cameron , and Lindsay Taylor . During the 2013 NWSL Supplemental Draft , the team selected Nikki Krzysik , Lauren Barnes , Laura Heyboer , Liz Bogus , Michelle Betos and Kaley Fountain . Leading into the preseason , it was learned that the Reign would be without all of their American allocated players for almost half of the season . Amy Rodriguez announced she was pregnant with her first child and would not be playing during the inaugural season . Hope Solo would be away for the first part of the season after recovering from wrist surgery and Megan Rapinoe had already signed with French club Olympique Lyonnais from January to June and would miss at least nine games . After traveling to Japan in the preseason to play matches against defending L . League champion INAC Kobe Leonessa , Fukuoka J . Anclas , and Nojima Stella Kanagawa , the Reign faced their first regular season match against the Chicago Red Stars at Benedictine University , in which Seattles first college draft pick Christine Nairn scored the Reigns first goal of the season via a header off an assist from Liz Bogus . The point that Seattle earned in the game would be its only for the next nine games . In June 2013 , head coach Laura Harvey began making some trades and signing new international players . With the trades and the return of Solo and Rapinoe , the Reign began to turn the season around with a 1–1 tie against the Western New York Flash . The game would be the first of a six-game undefeated streak for the Reign with two ties and four wins . After losing to regional rival Portland Thorns FC 2–1 in the season finale in front of a sold-out crowd of 3,855 , the Reign ended the 2013 NWSL season seventh in the league with a 5–14–3 record . 2014–18 : Seattle years . 2014 season . During the 2014 season , the Reign set a league record unbeaten streak of 16 games . During the 16 game stretch , the Reign compiled a 13–0–3 record . The streak came to an end July 12 , 2014 in a match against the Chicago Red Stars that ended 1–0 in favor of the Red Stars . The team finished first in the regular season clinching the NWSL Shield for the first time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 2–1 in the playoff semi-finals , the Reign was defeated 2–1 by FC Kansas City during the championship final . Following the regular season , the team earned several league awards . Kim Little won the Golden Boot and Most Valuable Player awards ; Laura Harvey was named Coach of the Year ; Kendall Fletcher , Jess Fishlock , Little and Nahomi Kawasumi were named to the NWSL Best XI team while goalkeeper Hope Solo and defenders Lauren Barnes and Stephanie Cox were named to the Second XI team . 2015 season . The Reign finished the 2015 season in first place clinching the NWSL Shield for the second consecutive time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 3–0 in a playoff semi-final , the Reign was defeated 1–0 by FC Kansas City during the championship final in Portland . Following the regular season , the team earned several league award nominations . Kim Little , Jess Fishlock , and Bev Yanez were nominated for league Most Valuable Player , Laura Harvey was nominated for Coach of the Year ; and Lauren Barnes and Kendall Fletcher were nominated for Defender of the Year . Laura Harvey was ultimately named Coach of the Year for a second consecutive year . Barnes , Little , Yanez , and Fishlock were named to the NWSL Best XI team while Kendall Fletcher , Stephanie Cox , Megan Rapinoe , and Keelin Winters were named to the Second XI team . 2016 season . The Reign finished the 2016 season in fifth place with a record , narrowly missing a playoff spot by two points . The season was complicated by a number of players being unavailable during the early part of the season due to injury including Manon Melis , Jess Fishlock and Megan Rapinoe . In early July , Nahomi Kawasumi returned to the Reign for the first time since the 2014 season and scored a brace in her first match with the club . Rachel Corsie and Haley Kopmeyer suffered injuries during a match in July against the Western New York Flash that was controversially played on a baseball field . Schedule changes from previous years were announced in February that resulted in an imbalance amongst team matchups . In late August , the Reign announced that Hope Solo was taking a leave of absence for the remainder of the season after being suspended from the U.S . national team . In September , four-year team captain Keelin Winters announced her retirement for the end of the season . On October 17 , midfielder Kim Little announced that she would leave the Reign and return to Arsenal . Harvey said Little was given an incredible offer of a multi-year contract , though no other details were disclosed . 2017 season . Following the loss of core players Kim Little and Keelin Winters following the 2016 season , the Reign faced a bit of re-structuring for the 2017 season . Three 2017 NWSL College Draft rookies were signed including defender Maddie Bauer , forward Katie Johnson , and midfielder Kristen McNabb . With Kim Little moving back to Arsenal , the Reign re-signed attacking midfielder Christine Nairn , who had played for the team during its inaugural season . The team also signed Canadian international Diana Matheson and Australian international Larissa Crummer , though they spent the majority of the season injured , as well as New Zealand international defender Rebekah Stott . The Reign finished in fifth place for the second consecutive season narrowly missing a playoff spot after losing 1–0 to Kansas City . Megan Rapinoe was the teams leading scorer ( and leagues third highest ) with 12 goals . Her season performance contributed to her nomination as FIFA World Player of the Year the following year . 2018 season . After two consecutive seasons of fifth-place finishes and thus outside of the playoffs , head coach and general manager Laura Harvey stepped down and was replaced by former rival Vlatko Andonovski as new head coach of the team . The amicable transition nonetheless led to new vision for the team and new players , with Andonovski bringing in 11 new players on the season-opening roster . Notably , Andonovski traded for US international Allie Long and Australian international Steph Catley , while English international Jodie Taylor and Danish international Theresa Nielsen joined on free transfers from abroad . The refreshed team performed well throughout the season and remained largely in second place behind a dominant North Carolina Courage team , until a loss to Cascadia rival Portland Thorns FC at the end of the regular season dropped it to third place . This set up a semi-final rematch with the Thorns FC away from home , which the team lost 2-1 . Despite the late slide , Andonovski led the team back to the playoffs for the first time since 2015 in his first season in charge . 2019–present : Relocation to Tacoma . On January 30 , 2019 , the team announced that it would relocate to Cheney Stadium in Tacoma for the 2019 season and re-brand itself as Reign FC . This relocation , as well as two new minority ownership groups ( Mikal Thomsen , owner of the Tacoma Rainiers and Adrian Hanauer , owner of the Seattle Sounders FC , as well as his mother , philanthropist Lenore Hanauer ) , secured the teams long-term future by addressing long-standing stadium issues . A new soccer-specific 5,000 capacity stadium that would host Reign and Tacoma Defiance games is currently in the works adjacent to Cheney Stadium . Colors and badge . On December 19 , 2012 , the teams name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC . The teams colors were announced as white , platinum , royal blue and midnight black along with a neon green away colors The name was selected in part as homage to the first professional womens sports team in Seattle , the Seattle Reign , a defunct professional basketball team in the American Basketball League . That team was in turn named after its location in King County , and as a pun alluding to Seattles rainy climate . In conjunction with the colors , the team also released its primary and alternate badges : the primary badge features a queen wearing a platinum crown ( in a reference to the team name ) , while the alternate badge is monochrome and foregrounds the crown itself . Owner Bill Predmore stated , Todays announcement is the result of a thoughtful process to identify the name that best represents the values of our club , articulates our long-term ambitions and celebrates the community within which our supporters live . Reign FC meets all of those objectives and at the same time honors the legacy of professional womens sports in Seattle . Like the Seattle Sounders , whose fans selected a name that honored those who pioneered the sport of soccer in Seattle in the early 1970s , Seattle Reign FC was , in part , selected to pay homage those visionaries – the leaders and players of the Seattle Reign womens basketball team – who pioneered professional womens sports in Seattle . On January 30 , 2019 , it was announced that the team would relocate to Tacoma , Washington and rename as simply Reign FC . As part of the rebrand , the team released a slightly modified visual identity and a new primary team badge that removed the word Seattle from the original badge . Following the acquisition of the team by OL Groupe in January 2020 , the team announced another rebrand on March 6 , 2020 , as OL Reign , with new primary colors of blue , white , and gold to match those from Olympique Lyonnais and a new team badge that includes the lion as a symbol for Lyon . Sponsorship . In April 2013 , Moda Health was announced as the teams jersey sponsor . The company remained the jersey sponsor for the 2014 and 2015 seasons . In 2016 , Microsoft was named as the new jersey sponsor and presenting partner . The team also uses Microsoft technology on and off the pitch as part of the partnership . In January 2019 , Seattle-based online retailer Zulily was announced as the teams new presenting partner and third-ever jersey sponsor . On the same day , Seattle Sounders FC also announced Zulily as its new jersey partner , making it the first time that both mens and womens professional soccer teams in Seattle share the same jersey sponsor and Seattle only the second-ever American city to hold this distinction . Despite the new jersey sponsor , Microsoft remains the teams technology partner and will continue to provide sports analytics to the coaching staff . During an unveiling event for the new secondary jersey in April 2019 , aerospace corporation Boeing was announced as a kit sponsor for a slot on the back of both jerseys . The jersey partnership with Zulily concluded after the 2020 season . Heading into the 2021 season , OL Reign elected to feature the Black Future Co-op Fund on the front of their jerseys until a new presenting sponsor is secured . Stadium . During the inaugural season of the NWSL , Reign FC played at Starfire Stadium in Tukwila , Washington . The stadium is located approximately 12 miles from downtown Seattle and is the training facility for Seattle Sounders FC , as well as where the Sounders play their U.S . Open Cup matches . With a seating capacity for 4,500 spectators , the stadium also features a press box with full scoreboard and sound system capabilities . The pitch features FieldTurf . In February 2014 , it was announced that the team would be moving to Memorial Stadium , located at the Seattle Center , for at least the 2014 and 2015 seasons ; the Reign chose to remain there beyond the originally intended two seasons . The stadium features an artificial turf pitch that was installed in 2013 and a seating capacity of 12,000 spectators , although seating capacity was set at 6,000 for the beginning of the 2014 season . The stadium was the previous home of the Seattle Sounders from 1974–1975 when the team played in the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) and from 1995 to 2002 when the new incarnation of the team played in the A-League . In late 2017 , the teams future in Seattle beyond 2018 was seen as uncertain due to issues with Memorial Stadium . The facility does not meet league standards for playing surfaces set to be enforced in 2019 . Additionally , the stadium is owned by the Seattle School District , which has announced plans to build a new high school in that area of the city , with the stadium being the most likely site . The Reign were seen by national soccer media as lacking viable options for a replacement—other possible venues in the region are problematic due to size , location , or ancillary facilities . Reign FC owner Bill Predmore initially responded that , despite these challenges , the team would remain at Memorial Stadium for 2019 . However , newly enforced standards by U.S . Soccer and NWSL made this untenable , and the club relocated to Tacoma , Washington in January 2019 . Reign is first playing temporarily at Cheney Stadium , before moving to a soccer-specific stadium shared with Tacoma Defiance when construction is completed . The new venue was originally set to open in 2021 , but has since been delayed to an undetermined future date . Broadcasting . From 2013 to 2016 , Seattle Reign games were streamed live by Bootstrapper Studios via YouTube . The broadcasts were called by KOMO News Radio Sports Director , Tom Glasgow , with color commentary provided by Lesle Gallimore , head coach of the Washington Huskies . During the 2013 season , a select number of league games were broadcast on Fox Sports . During the 2014 season , several league games were broadcast by ESPN . In March 2015 , the team became one of the first sports teams to use the newly released app Periscope to stream a preseason friendly against the Portland Pilots . In 2015 , six select regular season games and the playoff matches were broadcast by Fox Soccer . The playoff final featuring Reign FC and FC Kansas City set what was then a league record , averaging 167,000 viewers on Fox Sports 1 – an increase of 7 percent compared to the 2014 final broadcast on ESPN2 . That record stood until the 2016 NWSL finals between Western New York and Washington , which averaged more than 180,000 viewers . As of 2017 , Reign games are streamed exclusively by Go90 for American audiences and via the NWSL website for international viewers . As part of a three-year agreement with A&E Networks , Lifetime broadcasts one NWSL Game of the Week on Saturday afternoons . For the 2017 season , the Reign were featured in nationally televised Lifetime NWSL Game of the Week broadcasts on May 27 , July 8 , August 26 , and September 9 , 2017 . During the 2018 season , Lifetime match broadcasts featuring Seattle include May 5 , July 21 , and August 11 , 2018 . Supporters . The first supporters group formed for the Reign is the Royal Guard . Founded by Matt Banks and Kiana Coleman in April 2013 , the group became the first organized supporters group for a womens professional sports team in Washington states history . Other supporters groups for the team have included Fortunes Favourites and Queen Anne Collective . Rivalries . Like the Seattle Sounders FC rivalry with the Portland Timbers , the Reign has a long-standing regional rivalry with Portland Thorns FC . In May 2015 , a match between the two teams in Portland set a new attendance record with 21,144 fans cheering in the stadium . After losing twice to FC Kansas City during the NWSL championship final in 2014 and 2015 despite winning first place in the league , the Reign also considered FC Kansas City to be a rival . However , Kansas City folded after the 2017 season , with their head coach Vlatko Andonovski joining the Reign . Ownership and management . OL Reign was wholly owned by Bill and Teresa Predmore from its establishment until January 2019 . Bill Predmore is the CEO of POP , a Seattle-based digital marketing agency . Prior to the start of the first season , Predmore stated , Ultimately , my goal is to build the best womens club in the world . That wont happen tomorrow or this year , but in 10 years or 20 years thats where we want to be . Predmores wife , Teresa , played college soccer at Oregon State University and soccer is one of her lifelong passions . Leading up to the inaugural season of the NWSL , Amy Carnell was named general manager for the team . Within a week of regular season play , Carnell resigned from her position citing personal reasons and head coach Laura Harvey assumed the role – a setup similar to what she was used to as coach of the Arsenal L.F.C . in England . Following the 2017 season , Laura Harvey resigned as general manager and head coach of the club , and Vlatko Andonovski was hired from FC Kansas City as the new head coach . Andonovski and Harvey had been the two most successful coaches in NWSL history , with three Coach of the Year awards and four trophies between them , and Andonovski was the only replacement Harvey endorsed . Andonovski further complimented Harveys positive impacts and committed to continue playing a beautiful game with the Reign . Before the 2018 season , the club announced an agreement with Force 10 Sports Management , LLC , for it to manage ticket sales and services . Force 10 Sports Management owns and operates the Seattle Storm , a standalone professional womens basketball team in the WNBA , much like the Reign . On January 30 , 2019 , the Reign announced that it would move to Tacoma , Washington . As part of the move , the club announced two new minority owners : the Baseball Club of Tacoma LLC ( the owner and operator of the Tacoma Rainiers , led by Mikal Thomsen ) , as well as Seattle Sounders FC majority owner Adrian Hanauer and his mother Lenore Hanauer . Bill and Teresa Predmore remained the teams majority owners , and Bill the team president , after the additional investments . The relocation also brought previous management agreement with Force 10 Sports Management to an end , with the Tacoma Rainiers taking over similar responsibilities at Cheney Stadium . After winning the 2019 NWSL Coach of the Year award , head coach Vlatko Andonovski resigned to manage the United States womens national soccer team on October 28 , 2019 . As his departure had been anticipated , co-owner and president Bill Predmore had already begun the search for Andonovskis successor since early September . On November 25 , 2019 , majority owner Bill Predmore announced his entry into exclusive negotiations to sell the club to OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin . Jean-Michel Aulas , president of OL Groupe , had been public about his desire to acquire an NWSL club as part of Lyons international ambitions . After the sale was completed , previous majority owners Bill and Teresa Predmore retained a minority stake in the club , while previous minority owners Adrian Hanauer and Tacoma Soccer Ventures no longer had ownership positions . On December 19 , 2019 , the club announced that the parties entered into a definitive agreement for the sale to be completed in January 2020 . The clubs total assets were valued at $3.51 million , and OL Groupe would pay $3.145 million to acquire an 89.5 percent ownership stake in the club . It was also announced on the same day that French basketball legend Tony Parker , a business partner of OL Groupe , would also pay to acquire a 3% ownership stake , that Aulas would become chairman of the clubs board of directors , and that a chief operating officer would be appointed to support the CEO Bill Predmore . OL Groupe executive Vincent Berthillot was later appointed as the COO . On January 17 , 2020 , French coach Farid Benstiti was announced as the third head coach in club history . This was followed by the announcement that the club would rebrand as OL Reign as part of the takeover . Gérard Houllier was appointed the clubs technical director in November 2020 , but he passed away a month later . Honors . - NWSL Championship - Runners-up : 2014 , 2015 - NWSL Shield - Winners : 2014 , 2015 Records . Player records . Current players in bold . Statistics are updated once a year after the conclusion of the NWSL season . |
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| easy | Who was the head coach of the team OL Reign from Nov 2017 to Oct 2019? | /wiki/OL_Reign#P286#1 | OL Reign OL Reign is an American professional womens soccer team based in Tacoma , Washington . Founded by Bill and Teresa Predmore in 2012 as Seattle Reign FC , it was one of eight inaugural members of the National Womens Soccer League ( NWSL ) . In 2020 , OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin , became the teams majority owner and rebranded to its current name , badge , and colors . Laura Harvey was the teams first head coach and led the team to two consecutive NWSL Shield wins in 2014 and 2015 . OL Reign plays its home matches at Cheney Stadium . The club previously played at Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila ( 2013 ) and at Memorial Stadium in Seattle ( 2014–18 ) . History . Establishment . Following the demise of Womens Professional Soccer in April 2012 , the United States Soccer Federation announced in June that it would found a new professional womens soccer league ( later named National Womens Soccer League ) and invite prospective team owners to submit applications . Bill Predmore , founder and CEO of Seattle-based digital marketing agency , POP , submitted his application pitch for a team tentatively named Seattle Sirens FC . In November 2012 , it was confirmed that Predmores application had been accepted and there would be a Seattle-based womens professional soccer team in 2013 . On December 19 , 2012 , the team name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC , named in honor of the 1990s Seattle Reign womens basketball team . Former general manager of the Seattle Sounders Women and Seattle Sounders FCs director of youth programs Amy Carnell was named general manager . 2013 : Inaugural season . On December 21 , 2012 , the team announced Laura Harvey as its first head coach . Harvey was head coach of Arsenal L.F.C . from 2010–2012 after serving as an assistant for two years , assisted and then coached Birmingham City L.F.C . from 2002–2008 , and served as an assistant coach for Englands U-17 , U-19 and U-23 womens national teams from 2005–2011 . On January 11 , 2013 , Kaylyn Kyle , Teresa Noyola , Megan Rapinoe , Amy Rodriguez , Jenny Ruiz , Hope Solo , and Emily Zurrer were named to the team as part of the NWSL Player Allocation . On January 18 , the Reign selected Christine Nairn , Mallory Schaffer , Kristen Meier , and Haley Kopmeyer at the 2013 NWSL College Draft . On February 4 , 2013 , it was announced that the team had signed four free agents : Kate Deines , Jess Fishlock , Tiffany Cameron , and Lindsay Taylor . During the 2013 NWSL Supplemental Draft , the team selected Nikki Krzysik , Lauren Barnes , Laura Heyboer , Liz Bogus , Michelle Betos and Kaley Fountain . Leading into the preseason , it was learned that the Reign would be without all of their American allocated players for almost half of the season . Amy Rodriguez announced she was pregnant with her first child and would not be playing during the inaugural season . Hope Solo would be away for the first part of the season after recovering from wrist surgery and Megan Rapinoe had already signed with French club Olympique Lyonnais from January to June and would miss at least nine games . After traveling to Japan in the preseason to play matches against defending L . League champion INAC Kobe Leonessa , Fukuoka J . Anclas , and Nojima Stella Kanagawa , the Reign faced their first regular season match against the Chicago Red Stars at Benedictine University , in which Seattles first college draft pick Christine Nairn scored the Reigns first goal of the season via a header off an assist from Liz Bogus . The point that Seattle earned in the game would be its only for the next nine games . In June 2013 , head coach Laura Harvey began making some trades and signing new international players . With the trades and the return of Solo and Rapinoe , the Reign began to turn the season around with a 1–1 tie against the Western New York Flash . The game would be the first of a six-game undefeated streak for the Reign with two ties and four wins . After losing to regional rival Portland Thorns FC 2–1 in the season finale in front of a sold-out crowd of 3,855 , the Reign ended the 2013 NWSL season seventh in the league with a 5–14–3 record . 2014–18 : Seattle years . 2014 season . During the 2014 season , the Reign set a league record unbeaten streak of 16 games . During the 16 game stretch , the Reign compiled a 13–0–3 record . The streak came to an end July 12 , 2014 in a match against the Chicago Red Stars that ended 1–0 in favor of the Red Stars . The team finished first in the regular season clinching the NWSL Shield for the first time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 2–1 in the playoff semi-finals , the Reign was defeated 2–1 by FC Kansas City during the championship final . Following the regular season , the team earned several league awards . Kim Little won the Golden Boot and Most Valuable Player awards ; Laura Harvey was named Coach of the Year ; Kendall Fletcher , Jess Fishlock , Little and Nahomi Kawasumi were named to the NWSL Best XI team while goalkeeper Hope Solo and defenders Lauren Barnes and Stephanie Cox were named to the Second XI team . 2015 season . The Reign finished the 2015 season in first place clinching the NWSL Shield for the second consecutive time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 3–0 in a playoff semi-final , the Reign was defeated 1–0 by FC Kansas City during the championship final in Portland . Following the regular season , the team earned several league award nominations . Kim Little , Jess Fishlock , and Bev Yanez were nominated for league Most Valuable Player , Laura Harvey was nominated for Coach of the Year ; and Lauren Barnes and Kendall Fletcher were nominated for Defender of the Year . Laura Harvey was ultimately named Coach of the Year for a second consecutive year . Barnes , Little , Yanez , and Fishlock were named to the NWSL Best XI team while Kendall Fletcher , Stephanie Cox , Megan Rapinoe , and Keelin Winters were named to the Second XI team . 2016 season . The Reign finished the 2016 season in fifth place with a record , narrowly missing a playoff spot by two points . The season was complicated by a number of players being unavailable during the early part of the season due to injury including Manon Melis , Jess Fishlock and Megan Rapinoe . In early July , Nahomi Kawasumi returned to the Reign for the first time since the 2014 season and scored a brace in her first match with the club . Rachel Corsie and Haley Kopmeyer suffered injuries during a match in July against the Western New York Flash that was controversially played on a baseball field . Schedule changes from previous years were announced in February that resulted in an imbalance amongst team matchups . In late August , the Reign announced that Hope Solo was taking a leave of absence for the remainder of the season after being suspended from the U.S . national team . In September , four-year team captain Keelin Winters announced her retirement for the end of the season . On October 17 , midfielder Kim Little announced that she would leave the Reign and return to Arsenal . Harvey said Little was given an incredible offer of a multi-year contract , though no other details were disclosed . 2017 season . Following the loss of core players Kim Little and Keelin Winters following the 2016 season , the Reign faced a bit of re-structuring for the 2017 season . Three 2017 NWSL College Draft rookies were signed including defender Maddie Bauer , forward Katie Johnson , and midfielder Kristen McNabb . With Kim Little moving back to Arsenal , the Reign re-signed attacking midfielder Christine Nairn , who had played for the team during its inaugural season . The team also signed Canadian international Diana Matheson and Australian international Larissa Crummer , though they spent the majority of the season injured , as well as New Zealand international defender Rebekah Stott . The Reign finished in fifth place for the second consecutive season narrowly missing a playoff spot after losing 1–0 to Kansas City . Megan Rapinoe was the teams leading scorer ( and leagues third highest ) with 12 goals . Her season performance contributed to her nomination as FIFA World Player of the Year the following year . 2018 season . After two consecutive seasons of fifth-place finishes and thus outside of the playoffs , head coach and general manager Laura Harvey stepped down and was replaced by former rival Vlatko Andonovski as new head coach of the team . The amicable transition nonetheless led to new vision for the team and new players , with Andonovski bringing in 11 new players on the season-opening roster . Notably , Andonovski traded for US international Allie Long and Australian international Steph Catley , while English international Jodie Taylor and Danish international Theresa Nielsen joined on free transfers from abroad . The refreshed team performed well throughout the season and remained largely in second place behind a dominant North Carolina Courage team , until a loss to Cascadia rival Portland Thorns FC at the end of the regular season dropped it to third place . This set up a semi-final rematch with the Thorns FC away from home , which the team lost 2-1 . Despite the late slide , Andonovski led the team back to the playoffs for the first time since 2015 in his first season in charge . 2019–present : Relocation to Tacoma . On January 30 , 2019 , the team announced that it would relocate to Cheney Stadium in Tacoma for the 2019 season and re-brand itself as Reign FC . This relocation , as well as two new minority ownership groups ( Mikal Thomsen , owner of the Tacoma Rainiers and Adrian Hanauer , owner of the Seattle Sounders FC , as well as his mother , philanthropist Lenore Hanauer ) , secured the teams long-term future by addressing long-standing stadium issues . A new soccer-specific 5,000 capacity stadium that would host Reign and Tacoma Defiance games is currently in the works adjacent to Cheney Stadium . Colors and badge . On December 19 , 2012 , the teams name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC . The teams colors were announced as white , platinum , royal blue and midnight black along with a neon green away colors The name was selected in part as homage to the first professional womens sports team in Seattle , the Seattle Reign , a defunct professional basketball team in the American Basketball League . That team was in turn named after its location in King County , and as a pun alluding to Seattles rainy climate . In conjunction with the colors , the team also released its primary and alternate badges : the primary badge features a queen wearing a platinum crown ( in a reference to the team name ) , while the alternate badge is monochrome and foregrounds the crown itself . Owner Bill Predmore stated , Todays announcement is the result of a thoughtful process to identify the name that best represents the values of our club , articulates our long-term ambitions and celebrates the community within which our supporters live . Reign FC meets all of those objectives and at the same time honors the legacy of professional womens sports in Seattle . Like the Seattle Sounders , whose fans selected a name that honored those who pioneered the sport of soccer in Seattle in the early 1970s , Seattle Reign FC was , in part , selected to pay homage those visionaries – the leaders and players of the Seattle Reign womens basketball team – who pioneered professional womens sports in Seattle . On January 30 , 2019 , it was announced that the team would relocate to Tacoma , Washington and rename as simply Reign FC . As part of the rebrand , the team released a slightly modified visual identity and a new primary team badge that removed the word Seattle from the original badge . Following the acquisition of the team by OL Groupe in January 2020 , the team announced another rebrand on March 6 , 2020 , as OL Reign , with new primary colors of blue , white , and gold to match those from Olympique Lyonnais and a new team badge that includes the lion as a symbol for Lyon . Sponsorship . In April 2013 , Moda Health was announced as the teams jersey sponsor . The company remained the jersey sponsor for the 2014 and 2015 seasons . In 2016 , Microsoft was named as the new jersey sponsor and presenting partner . The team also uses Microsoft technology on and off the pitch as part of the partnership . In January 2019 , Seattle-based online retailer Zulily was announced as the teams new presenting partner and third-ever jersey sponsor . On the same day , Seattle Sounders FC also announced Zulily as its new jersey partner , making it the first time that both mens and womens professional soccer teams in Seattle share the same jersey sponsor and Seattle only the second-ever American city to hold this distinction . Despite the new jersey sponsor , Microsoft remains the teams technology partner and will continue to provide sports analytics to the coaching staff . During an unveiling event for the new secondary jersey in April 2019 , aerospace corporation Boeing was announced as a kit sponsor for a slot on the back of both jerseys . The jersey partnership with Zulily concluded after the 2020 season . Heading into the 2021 season , OL Reign elected to feature the Black Future Co-op Fund on the front of their jerseys until a new presenting sponsor is secured . Stadium . During the inaugural season of the NWSL , Reign FC played at Starfire Stadium in Tukwila , Washington . The stadium is located approximately 12 miles from downtown Seattle and is the training facility for Seattle Sounders FC , as well as where the Sounders play their U.S . Open Cup matches . With a seating capacity for 4,500 spectators , the stadium also features a press box with full scoreboard and sound system capabilities . The pitch features FieldTurf . In February 2014 , it was announced that the team would be moving to Memorial Stadium , located at the Seattle Center , for at least the 2014 and 2015 seasons ; the Reign chose to remain there beyond the originally intended two seasons . The stadium features an artificial turf pitch that was installed in 2013 and a seating capacity of 12,000 spectators , although seating capacity was set at 6,000 for the beginning of the 2014 season . The stadium was the previous home of the Seattle Sounders from 1974–1975 when the team played in the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) and from 1995 to 2002 when the new incarnation of the team played in the A-League . In late 2017 , the teams future in Seattle beyond 2018 was seen as uncertain due to issues with Memorial Stadium . The facility does not meet league standards for playing surfaces set to be enforced in 2019 . Additionally , the stadium is owned by the Seattle School District , which has announced plans to build a new high school in that area of the city , with the stadium being the most likely site . The Reign were seen by national soccer media as lacking viable options for a replacement—other possible venues in the region are problematic due to size , location , or ancillary facilities . Reign FC owner Bill Predmore initially responded that , despite these challenges , the team would remain at Memorial Stadium for 2019 . However , newly enforced standards by U.S . Soccer and NWSL made this untenable , and the club relocated to Tacoma , Washington in January 2019 . Reign is first playing temporarily at Cheney Stadium , before moving to a soccer-specific stadium shared with Tacoma Defiance when construction is completed . The new venue was originally set to open in 2021 , but has since been delayed to an undetermined future date . Broadcasting . From 2013 to 2016 , Seattle Reign games were streamed live by Bootstrapper Studios via YouTube . The broadcasts were called by KOMO News Radio Sports Director , Tom Glasgow , with color commentary provided by Lesle Gallimore , head coach of the Washington Huskies . During the 2013 season , a select number of league games were broadcast on Fox Sports . During the 2014 season , several league games were broadcast by ESPN . In March 2015 , the team became one of the first sports teams to use the newly released app Periscope to stream a preseason friendly against the Portland Pilots . In 2015 , six select regular season games and the playoff matches were broadcast by Fox Soccer . The playoff final featuring Reign FC and FC Kansas City set what was then a league record , averaging 167,000 viewers on Fox Sports 1 – an increase of 7 percent compared to the 2014 final broadcast on ESPN2 . That record stood until the 2016 NWSL finals between Western New York and Washington , which averaged more than 180,000 viewers . As of 2017 , Reign games are streamed exclusively by Go90 for American audiences and via the NWSL website for international viewers . As part of a three-year agreement with A&E Networks , Lifetime broadcasts one NWSL Game of the Week on Saturday afternoons . For the 2017 season , the Reign were featured in nationally televised Lifetime NWSL Game of the Week broadcasts on May 27 , July 8 , August 26 , and September 9 , 2017 . During the 2018 season , Lifetime match broadcasts featuring Seattle include May 5 , July 21 , and August 11 , 2018 . Supporters . The first supporters group formed for the Reign is the Royal Guard . Founded by Matt Banks and Kiana Coleman in April 2013 , the group became the first organized supporters group for a womens professional sports team in Washington states history . Other supporters groups for the team have included Fortunes Favourites and Queen Anne Collective . Rivalries . Like the Seattle Sounders FC rivalry with the Portland Timbers , the Reign has a long-standing regional rivalry with Portland Thorns FC . In May 2015 , a match between the two teams in Portland set a new attendance record with 21,144 fans cheering in the stadium . After losing twice to FC Kansas City during the NWSL championship final in 2014 and 2015 despite winning first place in the league , the Reign also considered FC Kansas City to be a rival . However , Kansas City folded after the 2017 season , with their head coach Vlatko Andonovski joining the Reign . Ownership and management . OL Reign was wholly owned by Bill and Teresa Predmore from its establishment until January 2019 . Bill Predmore is the CEO of POP , a Seattle-based digital marketing agency . Prior to the start of the first season , Predmore stated , Ultimately , my goal is to build the best womens club in the world . That wont happen tomorrow or this year , but in 10 years or 20 years thats where we want to be . Predmores wife , Teresa , played college soccer at Oregon State University and soccer is one of her lifelong passions . Leading up to the inaugural season of the NWSL , Amy Carnell was named general manager for the team . Within a week of regular season play , Carnell resigned from her position citing personal reasons and head coach Laura Harvey assumed the role – a setup similar to what she was used to as coach of the Arsenal L.F.C . in England . Following the 2017 season , Laura Harvey resigned as general manager and head coach of the club , and Vlatko Andonovski was hired from FC Kansas City as the new head coach . Andonovski and Harvey had been the two most successful coaches in NWSL history , with three Coach of the Year awards and four trophies between them , and Andonovski was the only replacement Harvey endorsed . Andonovski further complimented Harveys positive impacts and committed to continue playing a beautiful game with the Reign . Before the 2018 season , the club announced an agreement with Force 10 Sports Management , LLC , for it to manage ticket sales and services . Force 10 Sports Management owns and operates the Seattle Storm , a standalone professional womens basketball team in the WNBA , much like the Reign . On January 30 , 2019 , the Reign announced that it would move to Tacoma , Washington . As part of the move , the club announced two new minority owners : the Baseball Club of Tacoma LLC ( the owner and operator of the Tacoma Rainiers , led by Mikal Thomsen ) , as well as Seattle Sounders FC majority owner Adrian Hanauer and his mother Lenore Hanauer . Bill and Teresa Predmore remained the teams majority owners , and Bill the team president , after the additional investments . The relocation also brought previous management agreement with Force 10 Sports Management to an end , with the Tacoma Rainiers taking over similar responsibilities at Cheney Stadium . After winning the 2019 NWSL Coach of the Year award , head coach Vlatko Andonovski resigned to manage the United States womens national soccer team on October 28 , 2019 . As his departure had been anticipated , co-owner and president Bill Predmore had already begun the search for Andonovskis successor since early September . On November 25 , 2019 , majority owner Bill Predmore announced his entry into exclusive negotiations to sell the club to OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin . Jean-Michel Aulas , president of OL Groupe , had been public about his desire to acquire an NWSL club as part of Lyons international ambitions . After the sale was completed , previous majority owners Bill and Teresa Predmore retained a minority stake in the club , while previous minority owners Adrian Hanauer and Tacoma Soccer Ventures no longer had ownership positions . On December 19 , 2019 , the club announced that the parties entered into a definitive agreement for the sale to be completed in January 2020 . The clubs total assets were valued at $3.51 million , and OL Groupe would pay $3.145 million to acquire an 89.5 percent ownership stake in the club . It was also announced on the same day that French basketball legend Tony Parker , a business partner of OL Groupe , would also pay to acquire a 3% ownership stake , that Aulas would become chairman of the clubs board of directors , and that a chief operating officer would be appointed to support the CEO Bill Predmore . OL Groupe executive Vincent Berthillot was later appointed as the COO . On January 17 , 2020 , French coach Farid Benstiti was announced as the third head coach in club history . This was followed by the announcement that the club would rebrand as OL Reign as part of the takeover . Gérard Houllier was appointed the clubs technical director in November 2020 , but he passed away a month later . Honors . - NWSL Championship - Runners-up : 2014 , 2015 - NWSL Shield - Winners : 2014 , 2015 Records . Player records . Current players in bold . Statistics are updated once a year after the conclusion of the NWSL season . |
[
"Farid Benstiti"
]
| easy | Who coached the team OL Reign from 2020 to 2021? | /wiki/OL_Reign#P286#2 | OL Reign OL Reign is an American professional womens soccer team based in Tacoma , Washington . Founded by Bill and Teresa Predmore in 2012 as Seattle Reign FC , it was one of eight inaugural members of the National Womens Soccer League ( NWSL ) . In 2020 , OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin , became the teams majority owner and rebranded to its current name , badge , and colors . Laura Harvey was the teams first head coach and led the team to two consecutive NWSL Shield wins in 2014 and 2015 . OL Reign plays its home matches at Cheney Stadium . The club previously played at Starfire Sports Complex in Tukwila ( 2013 ) and at Memorial Stadium in Seattle ( 2014–18 ) . History . Establishment . Following the demise of Womens Professional Soccer in April 2012 , the United States Soccer Federation announced in June that it would found a new professional womens soccer league ( later named National Womens Soccer League ) and invite prospective team owners to submit applications . Bill Predmore , founder and CEO of Seattle-based digital marketing agency , POP , submitted his application pitch for a team tentatively named Seattle Sirens FC . In November 2012 , it was confirmed that Predmores application had been accepted and there would be a Seattle-based womens professional soccer team in 2013 . On December 19 , 2012 , the team name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC , named in honor of the 1990s Seattle Reign womens basketball team . Former general manager of the Seattle Sounders Women and Seattle Sounders FCs director of youth programs Amy Carnell was named general manager . 2013 : Inaugural season . On December 21 , 2012 , the team announced Laura Harvey as its first head coach . Harvey was head coach of Arsenal L.F.C . from 2010–2012 after serving as an assistant for two years , assisted and then coached Birmingham City L.F.C . from 2002–2008 , and served as an assistant coach for Englands U-17 , U-19 and U-23 womens national teams from 2005–2011 . On January 11 , 2013 , Kaylyn Kyle , Teresa Noyola , Megan Rapinoe , Amy Rodriguez , Jenny Ruiz , Hope Solo , and Emily Zurrer were named to the team as part of the NWSL Player Allocation . On January 18 , the Reign selected Christine Nairn , Mallory Schaffer , Kristen Meier , and Haley Kopmeyer at the 2013 NWSL College Draft . On February 4 , 2013 , it was announced that the team had signed four free agents : Kate Deines , Jess Fishlock , Tiffany Cameron , and Lindsay Taylor . During the 2013 NWSL Supplemental Draft , the team selected Nikki Krzysik , Lauren Barnes , Laura Heyboer , Liz Bogus , Michelle Betos and Kaley Fountain . Leading into the preseason , it was learned that the Reign would be without all of their American allocated players for almost half of the season . Amy Rodriguez announced she was pregnant with her first child and would not be playing during the inaugural season . Hope Solo would be away for the first part of the season after recovering from wrist surgery and Megan Rapinoe had already signed with French club Olympique Lyonnais from January to June and would miss at least nine games . After traveling to Japan in the preseason to play matches against defending L . League champion INAC Kobe Leonessa , Fukuoka J . Anclas , and Nojima Stella Kanagawa , the Reign faced their first regular season match against the Chicago Red Stars at Benedictine University , in which Seattles first college draft pick Christine Nairn scored the Reigns first goal of the season via a header off an assist from Liz Bogus . The point that Seattle earned in the game would be its only for the next nine games . In June 2013 , head coach Laura Harvey began making some trades and signing new international players . With the trades and the return of Solo and Rapinoe , the Reign began to turn the season around with a 1–1 tie against the Western New York Flash . The game would be the first of a six-game undefeated streak for the Reign with two ties and four wins . After losing to regional rival Portland Thorns FC 2–1 in the season finale in front of a sold-out crowd of 3,855 , the Reign ended the 2013 NWSL season seventh in the league with a 5–14–3 record . 2014–18 : Seattle years . 2014 season . During the 2014 season , the Reign set a league record unbeaten streak of 16 games . During the 16 game stretch , the Reign compiled a 13–0–3 record . The streak came to an end July 12 , 2014 in a match against the Chicago Red Stars that ended 1–0 in favor of the Red Stars . The team finished first in the regular season clinching the NWSL Shield for the first time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 2–1 in the playoff semi-finals , the Reign was defeated 2–1 by FC Kansas City during the championship final . Following the regular season , the team earned several league awards . Kim Little won the Golden Boot and Most Valuable Player awards ; Laura Harvey was named Coach of the Year ; Kendall Fletcher , Jess Fishlock , Little and Nahomi Kawasumi were named to the NWSL Best XI team while goalkeeper Hope Solo and defenders Lauren Barnes and Stephanie Cox were named to the Second XI team . 2015 season . The Reign finished the 2015 season in first place clinching the NWSL Shield for the second consecutive time . After defeating the Washington Spirit 3–0 in a playoff semi-final , the Reign was defeated 1–0 by FC Kansas City during the championship final in Portland . Following the regular season , the team earned several league award nominations . Kim Little , Jess Fishlock , and Bev Yanez were nominated for league Most Valuable Player , Laura Harvey was nominated for Coach of the Year ; and Lauren Barnes and Kendall Fletcher were nominated for Defender of the Year . Laura Harvey was ultimately named Coach of the Year for a second consecutive year . Barnes , Little , Yanez , and Fishlock were named to the NWSL Best XI team while Kendall Fletcher , Stephanie Cox , Megan Rapinoe , and Keelin Winters were named to the Second XI team . 2016 season . The Reign finished the 2016 season in fifth place with a record , narrowly missing a playoff spot by two points . The season was complicated by a number of players being unavailable during the early part of the season due to injury including Manon Melis , Jess Fishlock and Megan Rapinoe . In early July , Nahomi Kawasumi returned to the Reign for the first time since the 2014 season and scored a brace in her first match with the club . Rachel Corsie and Haley Kopmeyer suffered injuries during a match in July against the Western New York Flash that was controversially played on a baseball field . Schedule changes from previous years were announced in February that resulted in an imbalance amongst team matchups . In late August , the Reign announced that Hope Solo was taking a leave of absence for the remainder of the season after being suspended from the U.S . national team . In September , four-year team captain Keelin Winters announced her retirement for the end of the season . On October 17 , midfielder Kim Little announced that she would leave the Reign and return to Arsenal . Harvey said Little was given an incredible offer of a multi-year contract , though no other details were disclosed . 2017 season . Following the loss of core players Kim Little and Keelin Winters following the 2016 season , the Reign faced a bit of re-structuring for the 2017 season . Three 2017 NWSL College Draft rookies were signed including defender Maddie Bauer , forward Katie Johnson , and midfielder Kristen McNabb . With Kim Little moving back to Arsenal , the Reign re-signed attacking midfielder Christine Nairn , who had played for the team during its inaugural season . The team also signed Canadian international Diana Matheson and Australian international Larissa Crummer , though they spent the majority of the season injured , as well as New Zealand international defender Rebekah Stott . The Reign finished in fifth place for the second consecutive season narrowly missing a playoff spot after losing 1–0 to Kansas City . Megan Rapinoe was the teams leading scorer ( and leagues third highest ) with 12 goals . Her season performance contributed to her nomination as FIFA World Player of the Year the following year . 2018 season . After two consecutive seasons of fifth-place finishes and thus outside of the playoffs , head coach and general manager Laura Harvey stepped down and was replaced by former rival Vlatko Andonovski as new head coach of the team . The amicable transition nonetheless led to new vision for the team and new players , with Andonovski bringing in 11 new players on the season-opening roster . Notably , Andonovski traded for US international Allie Long and Australian international Steph Catley , while English international Jodie Taylor and Danish international Theresa Nielsen joined on free transfers from abroad . The refreshed team performed well throughout the season and remained largely in second place behind a dominant North Carolina Courage team , until a loss to Cascadia rival Portland Thorns FC at the end of the regular season dropped it to third place . This set up a semi-final rematch with the Thorns FC away from home , which the team lost 2-1 . Despite the late slide , Andonovski led the team back to the playoffs for the first time since 2015 in his first season in charge . 2019–present : Relocation to Tacoma . On January 30 , 2019 , the team announced that it would relocate to Cheney Stadium in Tacoma for the 2019 season and re-brand itself as Reign FC . This relocation , as well as two new minority ownership groups ( Mikal Thomsen , owner of the Tacoma Rainiers and Adrian Hanauer , owner of the Seattle Sounders FC , as well as his mother , philanthropist Lenore Hanauer ) , secured the teams long-term future by addressing long-standing stadium issues . A new soccer-specific 5,000 capacity stadium that would host Reign and Tacoma Defiance games is currently in the works adjacent to Cheney Stadium . Colors and badge . On December 19 , 2012 , the teams name was unveiled as Seattle Reign FC . The teams colors were announced as white , platinum , royal blue and midnight black along with a neon green away colors The name was selected in part as homage to the first professional womens sports team in Seattle , the Seattle Reign , a defunct professional basketball team in the American Basketball League . That team was in turn named after its location in King County , and as a pun alluding to Seattles rainy climate . In conjunction with the colors , the team also released its primary and alternate badges : the primary badge features a queen wearing a platinum crown ( in a reference to the team name ) , while the alternate badge is monochrome and foregrounds the crown itself . Owner Bill Predmore stated , Todays announcement is the result of a thoughtful process to identify the name that best represents the values of our club , articulates our long-term ambitions and celebrates the community within which our supporters live . Reign FC meets all of those objectives and at the same time honors the legacy of professional womens sports in Seattle . Like the Seattle Sounders , whose fans selected a name that honored those who pioneered the sport of soccer in Seattle in the early 1970s , Seattle Reign FC was , in part , selected to pay homage those visionaries – the leaders and players of the Seattle Reign womens basketball team – who pioneered professional womens sports in Seattle . On January 30 , 2019 , it was announced that the team would relocate to Tacoma , Washington and rename as simply Reign FC . As part of the rebrand , the team released a slightly modified visual identity and a new primary team badge that removed the word Seattle from the original badge . Following the acquisition of the team by OL Groupe in January 2020 , the team announced another rebrand on March 6 , 2020 , as OL Reign , with new primary colors of blue , white , and gold to match those from Olympique Lyonnais and a new team badge that includes the lion as a symbol for Lyon . Sponsorship . In April 2013 , Moda Health was announced as the teams jersey sponsor . The company remained the jersey sponsor for the 2014 and 2015 seasons . In 2016 , Microsoft was named as the new jersey sponsor and presenting partner . The team also uses Microsoft technology on and off the pitch as part of the partnership . In January 2019 , Seattle-based online retailer Zulily was announced as the teams new presenting partner and third-ever jersey sponsor . On the same day , Seattle Sounders FC also announced Zulily as its new jersey partner , making it the first time that both mens and womens professional soccer teams in Seattle share the same jersey sponsor and Seattle only the second-ever American city to hold this distinction . Despite the new jersey sponsor , Microsoft remains the teams technology partner and will continue to provide sports analytics to the coaching staff . During an unveiling event for the new secondary jersey in April 2019 , aerospace corporation Boeing was announced as a kit sponsor for a slot on the back of both jerseys . The jersey partnership with Zulily concluded after the 2020 season . Heading into the 2021 season , OL Reign elected to feature the Black Future Co-op Fund on the front of their jerseys until a new presenting sponsor is secured . Stadium . During the inaugural season of the NWSL , Reign FC played at Starfire Stadium in Tukwila , Washington . The stadium is located approximately 12 miles from downtown Seattle and is the training facility for Seattle Sounders FC , as well as where the Sounders play their U.S . Open Cup matches . With a seating capacity for 4,500 spectators , the stadium also features a press box with full scoreboard and sound system capabilities . The pitch features FieldTurf . In February 2014 , it was announced that the team would be moving to Memorial Stadium , located at the Seattle Center , for at least the 2014 and 2015 seasons ; the Reign chose to remain there beyond the originally intended two seasons . The stadium features an artificial turf pitch that was installed in 2013 and a seating capacity of 12,000 spectators , although seating capacity was set at 6,000 for the beginning of the 2014 season . The stadium was the previous home of the Seattle Sounders from 1974–1975 when the team played in the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) and from 1995 to 2002 when the new incarnation of the team played in the A-League . In late 2017 , the teams future in Seattle beyond 2018 was seen as uncertain due to issues with Memorial Stadium . The facility does not meet league standards for playing surfaces set to be enforced in 2019 . Additionally , the stadium is owned by the Seattle School District , which has announced plans to build a new high school in that area of the city , with the stadium being the most likely site . The Reign were seen by national soccer media as lacking viable options for a replacement—other possible venues in the region are problematic due to size , location , or ancillary facilities . Reign FC owner Bill Predmore initially responded that , despite these challenges , the team would remain at Memorial Stadium for 2019 . However , newly enforced standards by U.S . Soccer and NWSL made this untenable , and the club relocated to Tacoma , Washington in January 2019 . Reign is first playing temporarily at Cheney Stadium , before moving to a soccer-specific stadium shared with Tacoma Defiance when construction is completed . The new venue was originally set to open in 2021 , but has since been delayed to an undetermined future date . Broadcasting . From 2013 to 2016 , Seattle Reign games were streamed live by Bootstrapper Studios via YouTube . The broadcasts were called by KOMO News Radio Sports Director , Tom Glasgow , with color commentary provided by Lesle Gallimore , head coach of the Washington Huskies . During the 2013 season , a select number of league games were broadcast on Fox Sports . During the 2014 season , several league games were broadcast by ESPN . In March 2015 , the team became one of the first sports teams to use the newly released app Periscope to stream a preseason friendly against the Portland Pilots . In 2015 , six select regular season games and the playoff matches were broadcast by Fox Soccer . The playoff final featuring Reign FC and FC Kansas City set what was then a league record , averaging 167,000 viewers on Fox Sports 1 – an increase of 7 percent compared to the 2014 final broadcast on ESPN2 . That record stood until the 2016 NWSL finals between Western New York and Washington , which averaged more than 180,000 viewers . As of 2017 , Reign games are streamed exclusively by Go90 for American audiences and via the NWSL website for international viewers . As part of a three-year agreement with A&E Networks , Lifetime broadcasts one NWSL Game of the Week on Saturday afternoons . For the 2017 season , the Reign were featured in nationally televised Lifetime NWSL Game of the Week broadcasts on May 27 , July 8 , August 26 , and September 9 , 2017 . During the 2018 season , Lifetime match broadcasts featuring Seattle include May 5 , July 21 , and August 11 , 2018 . Supporters . The first supporters group formed for the Reign is the Royal Guard . Founded by Matt Banks and Kiana Coleman in April 2013 , the group became the first organized supporters group for a womens professional sports team in Washington states history . Other supporters groups for the team have included Fortunes Favourites and Queen Anne Collective . Rivalries . Like the Seattle Sounders FC rivalry with the Portland Timbers , the Reign has a long-standing regional rivalry with Portland Thorns FC . In May 2015 , a match between the two teams in Portland set a new attendance record with 21,144 fans cheering in the stadium . After losing twice to FC Kansas City during the NWSL championship final in 2014 and 2015 despite winning first place in the league , the Reign also considered FC Kansas City to be a rival . However , Kansas City folded after the 2017 season , with their head coach Vlatko Andonovski joining the Reign . Ownership and management . OL Reign was wholly owned by Bill and Teresa Predmore from its establishment until January 2019 . Bill Predmore is the CEO of POP , a Seattle-based digital marketing agency . Prior to the start of the first season , Predmore stated , Ultimately , my goal is to build the best womens club in the world . That wont happen tomorrow or this year , but in 10 years or 20 years thats where we want to be . Predmores wife , Teresa , played college soccer at Oregon State University and soccer is one of her lifelong passions . Leading up to the inaugural season of the NWSL , Amy Carnell was named general manager for the team . Within a week of regular season play , Carnell resigned from her position citing personal reasons and head coach Laura Harvey assumed the role – a setup similar to what she was used to as coach of the Arsenal L.F.C . in England . Following the 2017 season , Laura Harvey resigned as general manager and head coach of the club , and Vlatko Andonovski was hired from FC Kansas City as the new head coach . Andonovski and Harvey had been the two most successful coaches in NWSL history , with three Coach of the Year awards and four trophies between them , and Andonovski was the only replacement Harvey endorsed . Andonovski further complimented Harveys positive impacts and committed to continue playing a beautiful game with the Reign . Before the 2018 season , the club announced an agreement with Force 10 Sports Management , LLC , for it to manage ticket sales and services . Force 10 Sports Management owns and operates the Seattle Storm , a standalone professional womens basketball team in the WNBA , much like the Reign . On January 30 , 2019 , the Reign announced that it would move to Tacoma , Washington . As part of the move , the club announced two new minority owners : the Baseball Club of Tacoma LLC ( the owner and operator of the Tacoma Rainiers , led by Mikal Thomsen ) , as well as Seattle Sounders FC majority owner Adrian Hanauer and his mother Lenore Hanauer . Bill and Teresa Predmore remained the teams majority owners , and Bill the team president , after the additional investments . The relocation also brought previous management agreement with Force 10 Sports Management to an end , with the Tacoma Rainiers taking over similar responsibilities at Cheney Stadium . After winning the 2019 NWSL Coach of the Year award , head coach Vlatko Andonovski resigned to manage the United States womens national soccer team on October 28 , 2019 . As his departure had been anticipated , co-owner and president Bill Predmore had already begun the search for Andonovskis successor since early September . On November 25 , 2019 , majority owner Bill Predmore announced his entry into exclusive negotiations to sell the club to OL Groupe , the parent company of French clubs Olympique Lyonnais and Olympique Lyonnais Féminin . Jean-Michel Aulas , president of OL Groupe , had been public about his desire to acquire an NWSL club as part of Lyons international ambitions . After the sale was completed , previous majority owners Bill and Teresa Predmore retained a minority stake in the club , while previous minority owners Adrian Hanauer and Tacoma Soccer Ventures no longer had ownership positions . On December 19 , 2019 , the club announced that the parties entered into a definitive agreement for the sale to be completed in January 2020 . The clubs total assets were valued at $3.51 million , and OL Groupe would pay $3.145 million to acquire an 89.5 percent ownership stake in the club . It was also announced on the same day that French basketball legend Tony Parker , a business partner of OL Groupe , would also pay to acquire a 3% ownership stake , that Aulas would become chairman of the clubs board of directors , and that a chief operating officer would be appointed to support the CEO Bill Predmore . OL Groupe executive Vincent Berthillot was later appointed as the COO . On January 17 , 2020 , French coach Farid Benstiti was announced as the third head coach in club history . This was followed by the announcement that the club would rebrand as OL Reign as part of the takeover . Gérard Houllier was appointed the clubs technical director in November 2020 , but he passed away a month later . Honors . - NWSL Championship - Runners-up : 2014 , 2015 - NWSL Shield - Winners : 2014 , 2015 Records . Player records . Current players in bold . Statistics are updated once a year after the conclusion of the NWSL season . |
[
"British India"
]
| easy | What was the nationality of Saadat Hasan Manto from Feb 1912 to Aug 1947? | /wiki/Saadat_Hasan_Manto#P27#0 | Saadat Hasan Manto Saadat Hasan Manto ( ; , ; 11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955 ) was a writer , playwright and author born in Ludhiana active in British India and later , after the partition , in Pakistan . Writing mainly in the Urdu language , he produced 22 collections of short stories , a novel , five series of radio plays , three collections of essays and two collections of personal sketches . His best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics . Manto was known to write about the hard truths of society that no one dared to talk about . He is best known for his stories about the partition of India , which he opposed , immediately following independence in 1947 . Manto was tried for obscenity six times ; thrice before 1947 in British India , and thrice after independence in 1947 in Pakistan , but was never convicted . He is acknowledged as one of the finest 20th century Urdu writers and is the subject of two biographical films : Manto , directed by Sarmad Khoosat and the 2018 film Manto , directed by Nandita Das . Biography . Early life . Saadat Hassan Manto was born in Paproudi village of Samrala , in the Ludhiana district of the Punjab in a Muslim family of barristers on 11 May 1912 . His father was a judge of a local court . He was ethnically a Kashmiri and proud of his roots . In a letter to Pandit Nehru he suggested that being beautiful was the second meaning of being Kashmiri . The big turning point in his life came in 1933 , at age 21 , when he met Abdul Bari Alig , a scholar and polemic writer who encouraged him to find his true talents and read Russian and French authors . Early career in Bombay . Within a matter of months , Manto produced an Urdu translation of Victor Hugos The Last Day of a Condemned Man , which was published by Urdu Book Stall , Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer ( A Prisoners Story ) . Soon afterwards he joined the editorial staff of Masawat , a daily paper published in Ludhiana . This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at Aligarh Muslim University , which he joined in February 1934 , and soon got associated with Indian Progressive Writers Association ( IPWA ) . It was here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new spurt in his writing . His second story , Inqlaab Pasand , was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935 . In 1934 , Saadat Hasan Manto first came to Bombay ( now Mumbai ) and started to write for magazines , newspapers and writing scripts for the Hindi film industry . During this time , he became good friends with Noor Jehan , Naushad , Ismat Chughtai , Shyam and Ashok Kumar . During this time , he lived in Foras Road , in the center of Bombays red light area of Kamathipura . What he saw then around him had a profound impact on his writings . Subsequently Manto had also accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941 . This proved to be his most productive period as in the next eighteen months he published over four collections of radio plays , Aao ( Come ) , Manto ke Drame ( Mantos Dramas ) , Janaze ( Funerals ) and Teen Auraten ( Three women ) . He continued to write short stories and his next short story collection Dhuan ( Smoke ) was soon out followed by Manto ke Afsane and his first collection of topical essays , Manto ke Mazamin . This period culminated with the publication of his mixed collection Afsane aur Dramey in 1943 . Meanwhile , due to a quarrel with the director of All India Radio , poet N . M . Rashid , he left his job and returned to Bombay in July 1942 and again started working with film industry . He entered his best phase in screenwriting giving films like Aatth Din , Shikari , Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib , which was finally released in 1954 . Some of his short stories also came from this phase including Kaali Shalwar ( 1941 ) , Dhuan ( 1941 ) and Bu ( 1945 ) , which was published in Qaumi Jang ( Bombay ) in February 1945 . Another highlight of his second phase in Bombay was the publication of a collection of his stories , Chugad , which also included the story Babu Gopinath . He stayed in Bombay until he moved to Pakistan in January 1948 after the partition of India in 1947 . Migration to Pakistan . As a resident of Bombay , Manto had intended to stay in India after partition . In 1948 , his wife and children went to Lahore to visit their relatives and friends . During this time , as stories of the atrocities of partition riots reached him , in the midst of occasional communal riots in Mumbai itself , he decided to migrate to Pakistan , and left for it by ship . Manto and his family thus found themselves as muhajirs ( refugees from India ) and were among the millions of Muslims who left present-day India for the new Muslim-majority nation of Pakistan . Life in Lahore . When Manto arrived in Lahore from Bombay , he associated with several intellectuals at Lahores Pak Tea House . According to one commentator : There was absolutely no external influence and people would share their opinions on any subject without fear even during the military dictators regimes . In Lahore , Manto lived with his wife and family in a room in Lakshmi mansion , located near Butt Tikka . The three storied building was built by Lala Lajpat Rais Lakshmi insurance company in 1938 , inaugurated by Sarojini Naidu , and was at one time the residence of K.Santhanam , an eminent lawyer and the family of a jeweler called Girdharilal . However , it was abandoned during the partition riots of 1947-48 . The mansion is currently dilapidated and uninhabited , though its façade still exists , renovated and painted . Death . In his later years , Manto had become increasingly alcoholic , which eventually led to cirrhosis of the liver . He died on 18 January 1955 , in a mental asylum off Hall Road in Lahore . His death was attributed to the effects of alcoholism . He was survived by his wife Safia and daughters Nighat , Nuzhat and Nusrat . His daughter Nighat Bashir Patel still lives in the vicinity of the house where Manto lived . Legacy . Manto was a writer whose life story became a subject of intense discussion and introspection . During the last two decades , many stage productions were done to present his character in conflict with the harsh socio-economic realities of the post-partition era . Danish Iqbals stage Play Ek Kutte Ki Kahani presented Manto in a new perspective on occasion of his birth centenary . On 18 January 2005 , the fiftieth anniversary of his death , Manto was commemorated on a Pakistani postage stamp . On 14 August 2012 which is Pakistans Independence Day , Saadat Hasan Manto was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz award ( Distinguished Service to Pakistan Award ) by the Government of Pakistan . In 2015 , Pakistani actor and director Sarmad Khoosat made and released a movie , Manto , based on the life of Manto . In 2018 , the British Broadcasting Corporation named the work Toba Tek Singh among the 100 stories that shaped the world , alongside works by authors like Homer and Virginia Woolf . The 2018 film Manto , made by Nandita Das and starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui , is a Bollywood film based on the life of Manto . On 11 May 2020 , Google celebrated his 108th birthday with a Google Doodle . Writings . Manto chronicled the chaos that prevailed , during and after the Partition of India in 1947 . Manto strongly opposed the partition of India , which he saw as an overwhelming tragedy and maddeningly senseless . He started his literary career translating the works of Victor Hugo , Oscar Wilde and Russian writers such as Chekhov and Gorky . His first story was Tamasha , based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar . Though his earlier works , influenced by the progressive writers of his times , showed a marked leftist and socialist leanings , his later work progressively became stark in portraying the darkness of the human psyche , as humanist values progressively declined around the Partition . His final works , which grew from the social climate and his own financial struggles , reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness and contained satire that verged on dark comedy , as seen in his final work , Toba Tek Singh . It not only showed the influence of his own demons , but also that of the collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life . To add to it , his numerous court cases and societal rebukes deepened his cynical view of society , from which he felt isolated . No part of human existence remained untouched or taboo for him , he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike , just as he highlighted the subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times . To many contemporary women writers , his language portrayed reality and provided them with the dignity they long deserved . He is still known for his scathing insight into human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature of the enraged people , that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose . At least one commentator compares Saadat Hasan Manto to D . H . Lawrence , partly because he wrote about taboos of Indo-Pakistani Society . His concerns on the socio-political issues , from local to global are revealed in his series , Letters to Uncle Sam , and those to Pandit Nehru . On his writing he often commented , If you find my stories dirty , the society you are living in is dirty . With my stories , I only expose the truth . Controversies . Conservative critique : charge for obscenity . Manto faced trial for obscenity in his writings in both India ( then under British rule ) and Pakistan , including three times in India before 1947 ( ‘Dhuan’ , ‘Bu’ and ‘Kali Shalwar’ ) and three times in Pakistan after 1947 ( ‘Khol Do’ , ‘Thanda Gosht’ and ‘Upar Neeche Darmiyaan’ ) under section 292 of the Indian Penal Code ( by the British Government ) and the Pakistan Penal Code in Pakistan’s early years . He was fined only in one case . Regarding the charges of obscenity he opined , I am not a pornographer but a story writer . Progressive critique : migration to Pakistan . While the conservative or right-wing section of the society criticised him on moral grounds , the progressives or Marxists and leftists criticised him for ideological reasons , namely for his migration to Pakistan and embrace of Pakistani nationalism , Manto then being championed by traditional minded literary critics such as Hasan Askari and Mumtaz Shirin . Bibliography . - Atish Paray ( Nuggets of Fire ) – 1936 آتش پارے - Chugad – چُغد - Manto Ke Afsanay ( Stories of Manto ) – 1940 منٹو کے افسانے - Dhuan ( Smoke ) – 1941 دُھواں - Afsane Aur Dramay ( Fiction and Drama ) – 1943 افسانے اور ڈرامے - Khol Do ( Open It ) – 1948 کھول دو - Lazzat-e-Sang – 1948 ( The Taste of Rock ) لذتِ سنگ - Siyah Hashiye – 1948 ( Black Borders ) سیاہ حاشیہ - Badshahat Ka Khatimah ( The End of Kingship ) – 1950 بادشاہت کا خاتمہ - Khali Botlein ( Empty Bottles ) – 1950 خالی بوتلیں - Loud Speaker ( Sketches ) لاؤڈ سپیکر - Ganjey Farishtey ( Sketches ) گنجے فرشتے - Manto ke Mazameen منٹو کے مضا مین - Nimrud Ki Khudai ( Nimrod The God ) – 1950 نمرود کی خُدائی - Thanda Gosht ( Cold Meat ) – 1950 ٹھنڈا گوشت - Yazid – 1951 یزید - Pardey Ke Peechhey ( Behind The Curtains ) – 1953 پردے کے پیچھے - Sarak Ke Kinarey ( By the Roadside ) – 1953 سڑک کے کنارے - Baghair Unwan Ke ( Without a Title ) – 1954 بغیر عنوان کے - Baghair Ijazit ( Without Permission ) – 1955 بغیر اجازت - Toba Tek Singh – 1955 ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ - Burquey – 1955 بُرقعے - Phunduney ( Tassles ) – 1955 پھندنے - Sarkandon Ke Peechhey ( Behind The Reeds ) – 1955 سرکنڈوں کے پیچھے - Shaiytan ( Satan ) – 1955 شیطان - Shikari Auratein ( Hunter Women ) – 1955 شکاری عورتیں - Ratti , Masha , Tolah – 1956 رتی ماشہ تولہ - Kaali Shalwar ( Black Pants ) – 1961 کالی شلوار - Manto Ki Behtareen Kahanian ( Best Stories of Manto ) – 1963 منٹو کی بہترین کہانیاں - Tahira Se Tahir ( From Tahira to Tahir ) – 1971 طاہرہ سے طاہر - Mottled Dawn : Fifty Sketches and Stories of Partition - 1997 Further reading . - Manto Naama , by Jagdish Chander Wadhawan.1998 , Roli Books . - Manto Naama : The Life of Saadat Hasan Manto , English translation of the above by Jai Ratan , 1998 , Roli Books . - Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto , by Alok Bhalla . 1997 , Indian Institute of Advanced Study . . - The Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto . Introduction by Leslie Flemming ; trans . by Tahira Naqvi . Lahore , Pakistan : Vanguard Books Ltd. , 1985 . - Another Lonely Voice : The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto , by Leslie A . Flemming , Berkeley : Centre for South and South east Asian Studies . University of California . 1979 . - Madness and Partition : The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto , Stephen Alter , Journal of Comparative Poetics , No . 14 , Madness and Civilization/ al-Junun wa al-Hadarah ( 1994 ) , pp . 91–100 . - Bitter Fruit : The Very Best of Saadat Hassan Manto , edited and tr . by Khalid Hassan , Penguin , 2008 . - Naked Voices : Stories and Sketches by Manto , Ed . and tr . by Rakhshanda Jalil . Indian Ink & Roli Books , 2008 . - Stars from Another Sky : The Bombay Film World of the 1940s , tr . by Khalid Hasan . Penguin India , 2000 . - Manto : Selected Stories , tr . by Aatish Taseer . Vintage/Random House India , 2008 . . - The Pity of Partition : Manto’s Life , Times , and Work across the India-Pakistan Divide . Ayesha Jalal . - Dozakhnama - A Novel : A biography of Manto and Ghalib and history of Indian culture combined into one by Rabisankar Bal , translated by Arunava Sinha . Random House India . External links . - Manto and his stories - Toba Tek Singh . Translated by Frances W . Pritchett . - Saadat Hasan Manto | Kavishala Sootradha |
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| easy | What was the nationality of Saadat Hasan Manto from Aug 1947 to 1955? | /wiki/Saadat_Hasan_Manto#P27#1 | Saadat Hasan Manto Saadat Hasan Manto ( ; , ; 11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955 ) was a writer , playwright and author born in Ludhiana active in British India and later , after the partition , in Pakistan . Writing mainly in the Urdu language , he produced 22 collections of short stories , a novel , five series of radio plays , three collections of essays and two collections of personal sketches . His best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics . Manto was known to write about the hard truths of society that no one dared to talk about . He is best known for his stories about the partition of India , which he opposed , immediately following independence in 1947 . Manto was tried for obscenity six times ; thrice before 1947 in British India , and thrice after independence in 1947 in Pakistan , but was never convicted . He is acknowledged as one of the finest 20th century Urdu writers and is the subject of two biographical films : Manto , directed by Sarmad Khoosat and the 2018 film Manto , directed by Nandita Das . Biography . Early life . Saadat Hassan Manto was born in Paproudi village of Samrala , in the Ludhiana district of the Punjab in a Muslim family of barristers on 11 May 1912 . His father was a judge of a local court . He was ethnically a Kashmiri and proud of his roots . In a letter to Pandit Nehru he suggested that being beautiful was the second meaning of being Kashmiri . The big turning point in his life came in 1933 , at age 21 , when he met Abdul Bari Alig , a scholar and polemic writer who encouraged him to find his true talents and read Russian and French authors . Early career in Bombay . Within a matter of months , Manto produced an Urdu translation of Victor Hugos The Last Day of a Condemned Man , which was published by Urdu Book Stall , Lahore as Sarguzasht-e-Aseer ( A Prisoners Story ) . Soon afterwards he joined the editorial staff of Masawat , a daily paper published in Ludhiana . This heightened enthusiasm pushed Manto to pursue graduation at Aligarh Muslim University , which he joined in February 1934 , and soon got associated with Indian Progressive Writers Association ( IPWA ) . It was here that he met writer Ali Sardar Jafri and found a new spurt in his writing . His second story , Inqlaab Pasand , was published in Aligarh magazine in March 1935 . In 1934 , Saadat Hasan Manto first came to Bombay ( now Mumbai ) and started to write for magazines , newspapers and writing scripts for the Hindi film industry . During this time , he became good friends with Noor Jehan , Naushad , Ismat Chughtai , Shyam and Ashok Kumar . During this time , he lived in Foras Road , in the center of Bombays red light area of Kamathipura . What he saw then around him had a profound impact on his writings . Subsequently Manto had also accepted the job of writing for Urdu Service of All India Radio in 1941 . This proved to be his most productive period as in the next eighteen months he published over four collections of radio plays , Aao ( Come ) , Manto ke Drame ( Mantos Dramas ) , Janaze ( Funerals ) and Teen Auraten ( Three women ) . He continued to write short stories and his next short story collection Dhuan ( Smoke ) was soon out followed by Manto ke Afsane and his first collection of topical essays , Manto ke Mazamin . This period culminated with the publication of his mixed collection Afsane aur Dramey in 1943 . Meanwhile , due to a quarrel with the director of All India Radio , poet N . M . Rashid , he left his job and returned to Bombay in July 1942 and again started working with film industry . He entered his best phase in screenwriting giving films like Aatth Din , Shikari , Chal Chal Re Naujawan and Mirza Ghalib , which was finally released in 1954 . Some of his short stories also came from this phase including Kaali Shalwar ( 1941 ) , Dhuan ( 1941 ) and Bu ( 1945 ) , which was published in Qaumi Jang ( Bombay ) in February 1945 . Another highlight of his second phase in Bombay was the publication of a collection of his stories , Chugad , which also included the story Babu Gopinath . He stayed in Bombay until he moved to Pakistan in January 1948 after the partition of India in 1947 . Migration to Pakistan . As a resident of Bombay , Manto had intended to stay in India after partition . In 1948 , his wife and children went to Lahore to visit their relatives and friends . During this time , as stories of the atrocities of partition riots reached him , in the midst of occasional communal riots in Mumbai itself , he decided to migrate to Pakistan , and left for it by ship . Manto and his family thus found themselves as muhajirs ( refugees from India ) and were among the millions of Muslims who left present-day India for the new Muslim-majority nation of Pakistan . Life in Lahore . When Manto arrived in Lahore from Bombay , he associated with several intellectuals at Lahores Pak Tea House . According to one commentator : There was absolutely no external influence and people would share their opinions on any subject without fear even during the military dictators regimes . In Lahore , Manto lived with his wife and family in a room in Lakshmi mansion , located near Butt Tikka . The three storied building was built by Lala Lajpat Rais Lakshmi insurance company in 1938 , inaugurated by Sarojini Naidu , and was at one time the residence of K.Santhanam , an eminent lawyer and the family of a jeweler called Girdharilal . However , it was abandoned during the partition riots of 1947-48 . The mansion is currently dilapidated and uninhabited , though its façade still exists , renovated and painted . Death . In his later years , Manto had become increasingly alcoholic , which eventually led to cirrhosis of the liver . He died on 18 January 1955 , in a mental asylum off Hall Road in Lahore . His death was attributed to the effects of alcoholism . He was survived by his wife Safia and daughters Nighat , Nuzhat and Nusrat . His daughter Nighat Bashir Patel still lives in the vicinity of the house where Manto lived . Legacy . Manto was a writer whose life story became a subject of intense discussion and introspection . During the last two decades , many stage productions were done to present his character in conflict with the harsh socio-economic realities of the post-partition era . Danish Iqbals stage Play Ek Kutte Ki Kahani presented Manto in a new perspective on occasion of his birth centenary . On 18 January 2005 , the fiftieth anniversary of his death , Manto was commemorated on a Pakistani postage stamp . On 14 August 2012 which is Pakistans Independence Day , Saadat Hasan Manto was posthumously awarded the Nishan-e-Imtiaz award ( Distinguished Service to Pakistan Award ) by the Government of Pakistan . In 2015 , Pakistani actor and director Sarmad Khoosat made and released a movie , Manto , based on the life of Manto . In 2018 , the British Broadcasting Corporation named the work Toba Tek Singh among the 100 stories that shaped the world , alongside works by authors like Homer and Virginia Woolf . The 2018 film Manto , made by Nandita Das and starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui , is a Bollywood film based on the life of Manto . On 11 May 2020 , Google celebrated his 108th birthday with a Google Doodle . Writings . Manto chronicled the chaos that prevailed , during and after the Partition of India in 1947 . Manto strongly opposed the partition of India , which he saw as an overwhelming tragedy and maddeningly senseless . He started his literary career translating the works of Victor Hugo , Oscar Wilde and Russian writers such as Chekhov and Gorky . His first story was Tamasha , based on the Jallianwala Bagh massacre at Amritsar . Though his earlier works , influenced by the progressive writers of his times , showed a marked leftist and socialist leanings , his later work progressively became stark in portraying the darkness of the human psyche , as humanist values progressively declined around the Partition . His final works , which grew from the social climate and his own financial struggles , reflected an innate sense of human impotency towards darkness and contained satire that verged on dark comedy , as seen in his final work , Toba Tek Singh . It not only showed the influence of his own demons , but also that of the collective madness that he saw in the ensuing decade of his life . To add to it , his numerous court cases and societal rebukes deepened his cynical view of society , from which he felt isolated . No part of human existence remained untouched or taboo for him , he sincerely brought out stories of prostitutes and pimps alike , just as he highlighted the subversive sexual slavery of the women of his times . To many contemporary women writers , his language portrayed reality and provided them with the dignity they long deserved . He is still known for his scathing insight into human behaviour as well as revelation of the macabre animalistic nature of the enraged people , that stands out amidst the brevity of his prose . At least one commentator compares Saadat Hasan Manto to D . H . Lawrence , partly because he wrote about taboos of Indo-Pakistani Society . His concerns on the socio-political issues , from local to global are revealed in his series , Letters to Uncle Sam , and those to Pandit Nehru . On his writing he often commented , If you find my stories dirty , the society you are living in is dirty . With my stories , I only expose the truth . Controversies . Conservative critique : charge for obscenity . Manto faced trial for obscenity in his writings in both India ( then under British rule ) and Pakistan , including three times in India before 1947 ( ‘Dhuan’ , ‘Bu’ and ‘Kali Shalwar’ ) and three times in Pakistan after 1947 ( ‘Khol Do’ , ‘Thanda Gosht’ and ‘Upar Neeche Darmiyaan’ ) under section 292 of the Indian Penal Code ( by the British Government ) and the Pakistan Penal Code in Pakistan’s early years . He was fined only in one case . Regarding the charges of obscenity he opined , I am not a pornographer but a story writer . Progressive critique : migration to Pakistan . While the conservative or right-wing section of the society criticised him on moral grounds , the progressives or Marxists and leftists criticised him for ideological reasons , namely for his migration to Pakistan and embrace of Pakistani nationalism , Manto then being championed by traditional minded literary critics such as Hasan Askari and Mumtaz Shirin . Bibliography . - Atish Paray ( Nuggets of Fire ) – 1936 آتش پارے - Chugad – چُغد - Manto Ke Afsanay ( Stories of Manto ) – 1940 منٹو کے افسانے - Dhuan ( Smoke ) – 1941 دُھواں - Afsane Aur Dramay ( Fiction and Drama ) – 1943 افسانے اور ڈرامے - Khol Do ( Open It ) – 1948 کھول دو - Lazzat-e-Sang – 1948 ( The Taste of Rock ) لذتِ سنگ - Siyah Hashiye – 1948 ( Black Borders ) سیاہ حاشیہ - Badshahat Ka Khatimah ( The End of Kingship ) – 1950 بادشاہت کا خاتمہ - Khali Botlein ( Empty Bottles ) – 1950 خالی بوتلیں - Loud Speaker ( Sketches ) لاؤڈ سپیکر - Ganjey Farishtey ( Sketches ) گنجے فرشتے - Manto ke Mazameen منٹو کے مضا مین - Nimrud Ki Khudai ( Nimrod The God ) – 1950 نمرود کی خُدائی - Thanda Gosht ( Cold Meat ) – 1950 ٹھنڈا گوشت - Yazid – 1951 یزید - Pardey Ke Peechhey ( Behind The Curtains ) – 1953 پردے کے پیچھے - Sarak Ke Kinarey ( By the Roadside ) – 1953 سڑک کے کنارے - Baghair Unwan Ke ( Without a Title ) – 1954 بغیر عنوان کے - Baghair Ijazit ( Without Permission ) – 1955 بغیر اجازت - Toba Tek Singh – 1955 ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ - Burquey – 1955 بُرقعے - Phunduney ( Tassles ) – 1955 پھندنے - Sarkandon Ke Peechhey ( Behind The Reeds ) – 1955 سرکنڈوں کے پیچھے - Shaiytan ( Satan ) – 1955 شیطان - Shikari Auratein ( Hunter Women ) – 1955 شکاری عورتیں - Ratti , Masha , Tolah – 1956 رتی ماشہ تولہ - Kaali Shalwar ( Black Pants ) – 1961 کالی شلوار - Manto Ki Behtareen Kahanian ( Best Stories of Manto ) – 1963 منٹو کی بہترین کہانیاں - Tahira Se Tahir ( From Tahira to Tahir ) – 1971 طاہرہ سے طاہر - Mottled Dawn : Fifty Sketches and Stories of Partition - 1997 Further reading . - Manto Naama , by Jagdish Chander Wadhawan.1998 , Roli Books . - Manto Naama : The Life of Saadat Hasan Manto , English translation of the above by Jai Ratan , 1998 , Roli Books . - Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto , by Alok Bhalla . 1997 , Indian Institute of Advanced Study . . - The Life and Works of Saadat Hasan Manto . Introduction by Leslie Flemming ; trans . by Tahira Naqvi . Lahore , Pakistan : Vanguard Books Ltd. , 1985 . - Another Lonely Voice : The Urdu Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto , by Leslie A . Flemming , Berkeley : Centre for South and South east Asian Studies . University of California . 1979 . - Madness and Partition : The Short Stories of Saadat Hasan Manto , Stephen Alter , Journal of Comparative Poetics , No . 14 , Madness and Civilization/ al-Junun wa al-Hadarah ( 1994 ) , pp . 91–100 . - Bitter Fruit : The Very Best of Saadat Hassan Manto , edited and tr . by Khalid Hassan , Penguin , 2008 . - Naked Voices : Stories and Sketches by Manto , Ed . and tr . by Rakhshanda Jalil . Indian Ink & Roli Books , 2008 . - Stars from Another Sky : The Bombay Film World of the 1940s , tr . by Khalid Hasan . Penguin India , 2000 . - Manto : Selected Stories , tr . by Aatish Taseer . Vintage/Random House India , 2008 . . - The Pity of Partition : Manto’s Life , Times , and Work across the India-Pakistan Divide . Ayesha Jalal . - Dozakhnama - A Novel : A biography of Manto and Ghalib and history of Indian culture combined into one by Rabisankar Bal , translated by Arunava Sinha . Random House India . External links . - Manto and his stories - Toba Tek Singh . Translated by Frances W . Pritchett . - Saadat Hasan Manto | Kavishala Sootradha |
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| easy | Which site was the heritage designation of Immeuble Molitor from 1972 to Oct 1990? | /wiki/Immeuble_Molitor#P1435#0 | Immeuble Molitor Immeuble Molitor is an apartment building designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret and built between 1931 and 1934 . Located at the border between the city of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt in France , it has been listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Le Corbusier lived in the building from its completion until his death in 1965 . Location . The east facade is located at 24 , rue Nungesser-et-Coli , which marks the border between the 16th arrondissement of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt . The west facade overlooks rue de la Tourelle , located entirely within Boulogne-Billancourt . History . In 1931 , the real estate developer Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes , represented by Marc Kouznetzoff and Guy Noble , acquired a building site in the east of Paris , adjacent to Boulogne . Le Courbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret were commissioned to design an apartment building for the site , and asked to find potential clients from among their acquaintances . The developers had not yet secured the required financing and were eager to demonstrate that avant-garde architecture could be more attractive to buyers than the conventional buildings in the vicinity . Between July and October 1931 , Le Corbusier and Jeanneret designed an eight-story building with fifteen apartments , with two or three units per level . The design applied four of Le Corbusiers five points of modern architecture – free floor plan , structure supported by columns rather than walls , free facade , and roof garden . Le Corbusier negotiated with the developers and acquired the right to occupy the top two floors , to be built at his own expense , for his own apartment . Construction began in 1932 . It was interrupted for several months because some of the units had yet to find buyers , while the two developers were facing serious financial difficulties . The building was completed in early 1934 , but by 1935 the Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes had gone bankrupt . The bank which had financed the project contested Le Corbusiers title of ownership and wished to sell the entire building . This was the start of a decade of legal proceedings , at the end of which , in 1949 , the architects title was recognized . During these years maintenance of the building was neglected , causing problems with rust in later years . A major renovation was conducted in 1950 , and again in 1962 . The architect and his wife resided in this building until her death in 1957 and his in 1965 . Since his death the atelier and apartment are owned by the Fondation Le Corbusier and may be visited by appointment ( closed for renovations from September 2016 to May 2018 ) . One wall in the lobby is covered by a mural of the architects Poem of the Right Angle , a statement of his late aesthetics . Architecture . Facades . This building is probably the most traditional of Le Corbusiers mature works . The design was constrained by the narrow ( ) and deep ( ) configuration of the site and by strict zoning codes , which specified the parapet height , conformance to the existing street wall , and even the placement of the balconies and bay windows . Nevertheless , the architects inventiveness is evident in the all-glass facades . Identical on both elevations , they were inspired by Pierre Chareau and Bernard Bijvoets Maison de Verre , but Le Corbusier departed from Chareaus glass-brick-only prototype by the addition of transparent openings . Externally the facades offer a contrast between solid glass bricks and transparent windows , but internally the apartments are flooded with light across the entire wall . Le Corbusiers apartment and atelier . The apartment that Le Corbusier built for his personal use on the top two floors extends over . It is reached by stairs from the sixth floor , the last level served by the elevator . Rooms are arranged so as to eliminate corridors and minimize the number of doors . The seventh floor contains the entrance , living room , kitchen , and atelier . The eighth floor contains a guest room and access to the roof garden . Walls are painted in pure primary colors . The atelier that Le Corbusier used for his painting has a wall of stone and exposed rough brick that contrasts with the modern concrete and glass materials . Furnishings were designed by Le Corbusiers associate Charlotte Perriand . Classification . This building was listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture for the apartment of Le Corbusier in 1972 and in 1990 for the facades , court , roof , and entrance hall . In 2016 it was listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . |
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| easy | Which site was the heritage designation of Immeuble Molitor from Oct 1990 to 2016? | /wiki/Immeuble_Molitor#P1435#1 | Immeuble Molitor Immeuble Molitor is an apartment building designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret and built between 1931 and 1934 . Located at the border between the city of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt in France , it has been listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Le Corbusier lived in the building from its completion until his death in 1965 . Location . The east facade is located at 24 , rue Nungesser-et-Coli , which marks the border between the 16th arrondissement of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt . The west facade overlooks rue de la Tourelle , located entirely within Boulogne-Billancourt . History . In 1931 , the real estate developer Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes , represented by Marc Kouznetzoff and Guy Noble , acquired a building site in the east of Paris , adjacent to Boulogne . Le Courbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret were commissioned to design an apartment building for the site , and asked to find potential clients from among their acquaintances . The developers had not yet secured the required financing and were eager to demonstrate that avant-garde architecture could be more attractive to buyers than the conventional buildings in the vicinity . Between July and October 1931 , Le Corbusier and Jeanneret designed an eight-story building with fifteen apartments , with two or three units per level . The design applied four of Le Corbusiers five points of modern architecture – free floor plan , structure supported by columns rather than walls , free facade , and roof garden . Le Corbusier negotiated with the developers and acquired the right to occupy the top two floors , to be built at his own expense , for his own apartment . Construction began in 1932 . It was interrupted for several months because some of the units had yet to find buyers , while the two developers were facing serious financial difficulties . The building was completed in early 1934 , but by 1935 the Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes had gone bankrupt . The bank which had financed the project contested Le Corbusiers title of ownership and wished to sell the entire building . This was the start of a decade of legal proceedings , at the end of which , in 1949 , the architects title was recognized . During these years maintenance of the building was neglected , causing problems with rust in later years . A major renovation was conducted in 1950 , and again in 1962 . The architect and his wife resided in this building until her death in 1957 and his in 1965 . Since his death the atelier and apartment are owned by the Fondation Le Corbusier and may be visited by appointment ( closed for renovations from September 2016 to May 2018 ) . One wall in the lobby is covered by a mural of the architects Poem of the Right Angle , a statement of his late aesthetics . Architecture . Facades . This building is probably the most traditional of Le Corbusiers mature works . The design was constrained by the narrow ( ) and deep ( ) configuration of the site and by strict zoning codes , which specified the parapet height , conformance to the existing street wall , and even the placement of the balconies and bay windows . Nevertheless , the architects inventiveness is evident in the all-glass facades . Identical on both elevations , they were inspired by Pierre Chareau and Bernard Bijvoets Maison de Verre , but Le Corbusier departed from Chareaus glass-brick-only prototype by the addition of transparent openings . Externally the facades offer a contrast between solid glass bricks and transparent windows , but internally the apartments are flooded with light across the entire wall . Le Corbusiers apartment and atelier . The apartment that Le Corbusier built for his personal use on the top two floors extends over . It is reached by stairs from the sixth floor , the last level served by the elevator . Rooms are arranged so as to eliminate corridors and minimize the number of doors . The seventh floor contains the entrance , living room , kitchen , and atelier . The eighth floor contains a guest room and access to the roof garden . Walls are painted in pure primary colors . The atelier that Le Corbusier used for his painting has a wall of stone and exposed rough brick that contrasts with the modern concrete and glass materials . Furnishings were designed by Le Corbusiers associate Charlotte Perriand . Classification . This building was listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture for the apartment of Le Corbusier in 1972 and in 1990 for the facades , court , roof , and entrance hall . In 2016 it was listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . |
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""
]
| easy | Which site was the heritage designation of Immeuble Molitor from 2016 to Jun 2018? | /wiki/Immeuble_Molitor#P1435#2 | Immeuble Molitor Immeuble Molitor is an apartment building designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret and built between 1931 and 1934 . Located at the border between the city of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt in France , it has been listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Le Corbusier lived in the building from its completion until his death in 1965 . Location . The east facade is located at 24 , rue Nungesser-et-Coli , which marks the border between the 16th arrondissement of Paris and the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt . The west facade overlooks rue de la Tourelle , located entirely within Boulogne-Billancourt . History . In 1931 , the real estate developer Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes , represented by Marc Kouznetzoff and Guy Noble , acquired a building site in the east of Paris , adjacent to Boulogne . Le Courbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret were commissioned to design an apartment building for the site , and asked to find potential clients from among their acquaintances . The developers had not yet secured the required financing and were eager to demonstrate that avant-garde architecture could be more attractive to buyers than the conventional buildings in the vicinity . Between July and October 1931 , Le Corbusier and Jeanneret designed an eight-story building with fifteen apartments , with two or three units per level . The design applied four of Le Corbusiers five points of modern architecture – free floor plan , structure supported by columns rather than walls , free facade , and roof garden . Le Corbusier negotiated with the developers and acquired the right to occupy the top two floors , to be built at his own expense , for his own apartment . Construction began in 1932 . It was interrupted for several months because some of the units had yet to find buyers , while the two developers were facing serious financial difficulties . The building was completed in early 1934 , but by 1935 the Société Immobilière de Paris Parc des Princes had gone bankrupt . The bank which had financed the project contested Le Corbusiers title of ownership and wished to sell the entire building . This was the start of a decade of legal proceedings , at the end of which , in 1949 , the architects title was recognized . During these years maintenance of the building was neglected , causing problems with rust in later years . A major renovation was conducted in 1950 , and again in 1962 . The architect and his wife resided in this building until her death in 1957 and his in 1965 . Since his death the atelier and apartment are owned by the Fondation Le Corbusier and may be visited by appointment ( closed for renovations from September 2016 to May 2018 ) . One wall in the lobby is covered by a mural of the architects Poem of the Right Angle , a statement of his late aesthetics . Architecture . Facades . This building is probably the most traditional of Le Corbusiers mature works . The design was constrained by the narrow ( ) and deep ( ) configuration of the site and by strict zoning codes , which specified the parapet height , conformance to the existing street wall , and even the placement of the balconies and bay windows . Nevertheless , the architects inventiveness is evident in the all-glass facades . Identical on both elevations , they were inspired by Pierre Chareau and Bernard Bijvoets Maison de Verre , but Le Corbusier departed from Chareaus glass-brick-only prototype by the addition of transparent openings . Externally the facades offer a contrast between solid glass bricks and transparent windows , but internally the apartments are flooded with light across the entire wall . Le Corbusiers apartment and atelier . The apartment that Le Corbusier built for his personal use on the top two floors extends over . It is reached by stairs from the sixth floor , the last level served by the elevator . Rooms are arranged so as to eliminate corridors and minimize the number of doors . The seventh floor contains the entrance , living room , kitchen , and atelier . The eighth floor contains a guest room and access to the roof garden . Walls are painted in pure primary colors . The atelier that Le Corbusier used for his painting has a wall of stone and exposed rough brick that contrasts with the modern concrete and glass materials . Furnishings were designed by Le Corbusiers associate Charlotte Perriand . Classification . This building was listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture for the apartment of Le Corbusier in 1972 and in 1990 for the facades , court , roof , and entrance hall . In 2016 it was listed along with 16 other architectural works by Le Corbusier as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . |
[
"Alianza"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Álvaro Misael Alfaro belong to from 1988 to 1991? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#0 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"Luis Ángel Firpo"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Álvaro Misael Alfaro belong to from 1991 to 1994? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#1 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"Luis Ángel Firpo"
]
| easy | Which team did Álvaro Misael Alfaro play for from 1994 to 2002? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#2 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"San Salvador FC"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Álvaro Misael Alfaro belong to from 2002 to 2004? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#3 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"Águila",
"Alianza"
]
| easy | Álvaro Misael Alfaro played for which team from 2004 to 2005? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#4 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"Isidro Metapán"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Álvaro Misael Alfaro belong to from 2006 to 2008? | /wiki/Álvaro_Misael_Alfaro#P54#5 | Álvaro Misael Alfaro Álvaro Misael Alfaro Sánchez ( born January 6 , 1971 in Nueva San Salvador , El Salvador ) is a former Salvadoran professional goalkeeper and currently manager . He ended his career at Isidro Metapán of the Salvadoran Primera División in 2010 . Club career . Destroyer . Misael Alfaro started his career at juvenile team of Destroyer La Libertad in 1987 . Alianza . Them he went to Alianza in 1988 , and joined Luis Ángel Firpo in 1994 and was soon promoted to starting goalie . Luis Ángel Firpor . Alfaro had a very successful time with Luis Ángel Firpo , winning several national league titles ( 1997–98 , Clausura 1999 , and Clausura 2000 ) , but also losing the final of the Apertura 2001 . San Salvador FC . He left Luis Ángel Firpo for San Salvador FC in 2002 , losing the final of the Apertura 2002 but winning the Clausura 2003 . Águila . Then , Alfaro had spells at Águila ( 2004 ) and Alianza ( 2004–2005 ) before joining Isidro Metapán for a first spell in 2006 , to win another league title at the Clausura 2007 . Return to Isidro Metapán . He rejoined Isidro Metapán in 2009 , after two short-lived spells at Atlético Balboa ( 2008 ) and Nejapa ( 2009 ) , to win another league title in the Clausura 2010 with the Santa Ana team . Goalkeeping scoring record . Alfaro was ranked number 8 in the Worlds Most Successful Goalscoring Goalkeepers of All Time , chart with 31 goals , with 11 of those coming from a penalty kick . Retirement . He announced his retirement from football in August 2010 , after suffering a serious neck injury during a game against Atlético Marte . The incident brought a close to his playing career . Coaching career . After his retirement from football , Misael Alfaro decided to try his luck in the technical staff of different national teams as goalkeeper coach . Goalkeeper coach of Alianza . Before starting the Apertura 2013 tournament , Alfaro signed as a goalkeeper coach of Alianza , team in which he was only one year working . Goalkeeper coach of Águila . At the end of his period in Alianza , Alfaro signed as new goalkeeper coach of Águila ( 2013–2014 ) , time in which he also received his credentials of Clase B coach . Águilas reserve team . In 2014 Alfaro was appointed as new coach of the reserve team of Águila , making the youth team champion of the Apertura tournament of reserves teams . Luis Ángel Firpo . In 2015 Alfaro was announced as new goalkeeper coach of Luis Ángel Firpo , team that at that time played in the Segunda División . After the dismissal of Nelson Ancheta of Luis Ángel Firpo , Alfaro was appointed as the teams new coach , Alfaros first experience as a head coach in a professional team . Juventud Independiente . In 2016 Juventud Independiente bought the category to Luis Ángel Firpo , being administered by the team of Opico . Alfaro retained his charge as coach , but after severe arrears in salary payments he resigned his charge in the team . Isidro Metapán . In 2017 , after the dismissal of Roberto Gamarra as coach of Isidro Metapán , Alfaro was appointed as interim coach . Previously Alfaro worked in the technical staff of Isidro Metapán as goalkeeper coach between 2009 and 2010 . Audaz . In the Clausura 2018 Alvaro was appointed as new coach of Audaz at the time a newly promoted team . Chalatenango . As October 2018 , Alfaro was appointed as new coach of Chalatenango for the Apertura 2018 tournament . With Chalatenango Alfaro it was also goalkeeper coach in 2016 . On November 25 , Alfaro got to classify the team to play the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 . In the second leg of the quarter-finals of the Apertura 2018 , Chalatenango was defeated by Alianza 0–7 at the Estadio Cuscatlán . International career . Alfaro made his debut for El Salvador in an April 1991 UNCAF Nations Cup qualification match against Nicaragua , and has earned a total of 42 caps , scoring no goals . He has represented his country in 12 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in two World Cup campaigns . However , both were unsuccessful , with the national team failing to progress to the final group stages . Also he played at several UNCAF Cups as well as at the 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup . Álvaro Misael Alfaro announced his retirement from the international games in 2006 , after learning of problems with his heart . His final international game was a February 2005 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Costa Rica . Honours . Club . - Alianza - Primera División - Champion : 1993–1994 - Luis Ángel Firpo - Primera División - Champion : 1997–1998 , Clausura 1999 , Clausura 2000 - Runners-up : Apertura 1998 , Apertura 2001 - San Salvador FC - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2003 - Runners-up : Apertura 2002 - Isidro Metapán - Primera División - Champion : Clausura 2007 , Clausura 2010 - Runners-up : |
[
"Barnet"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Kevin Blackwell belong to from 1979 to 1980? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#0 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
[
"Boston United"
]
| easy | Which team did Kevin Blackwell play for from 1980 to 1986? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#1 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
[
"Scarborough"
]
| easy | Which team did Kevin Blackwell play for from 1986 to 1989? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#2 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
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| easy | Which team did Kevin Blackwell play for from 1989 to 1993? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#3 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
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| easy | Kevin Blackwell played for which team from 1993 to 1997? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#4 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
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| easy | Kevin Blackwell played for which team from 1998 to 2000? | /wiki/Kevin_Blackwell#P54#5 | Kevin Blackwell Kevin Patrick Blackwell ( born 21 December 1958 ) is an English former professional football goalkeeper who since retiring as a player has worked as a coach and a manager . Early career . Blackwell was born in Luton and began his football career as an apprentice at Cambridge United , with Ron Atkinson as his manager . After failing to make the grade at the Abbey Stadium , he moved into Non-League football , playing for Bedford Town while working as a bricklayer . He later played in the 1978 FA Vase final for Barton Rovers and for Middlesex Wanderers before being signed by Barnet . In 1980 , he moved to Boston United for a fee of £5,000 , saving a penalty at Wembley in the 1985 FA Trophy final . He returned to Barnet in 1986 before Neil Warnock signed him for Scarborough in November the same year . That season saw Scarborough promoted to the Football League and Blackwell remained at the club for their first two league seasons , making 44 league appearances in addition to those made in the Conference . Warnock moved to Notts County in January 1989 , and in November of that year he returned to Scarborough to sign Blackwell for £15,000 . In just over 3 years at Meadow Lane , Blackwell never made a league appearance , and in January 1993 , when Warnock took over at Torquay United , Blackwell followed him , playing 18 league games in a successful battle to stay in the Football League . Coaching . At the end of the season , Warnock moved to Huddersfield Town and in August 1993 , Blackwell once again joined him , this time taking on coaching duties in addition to his playing role . His playing opportunities were limited to three full league appearances , plus another two as a substitute . In August 1995 , Blackwell followed Warnock to Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer and was appointed player-youth coach . Warnock left in February 1997 , but Blackwell remained at Argyle , working as assistant manager to Mick Jones . He remained registered as a player , solely as a precautionary measure , but in March 1998 returned to full-time training as emergency cover for Argyles only keeper Jon Sheffield . He was never called upon and ended his career after 24 league appearances for Argyle . In June 1998 , Jones was sacked after Plymouths relegation , and a month later Blackwell also left with new manager Kevin Hodges wanting to appoint his own management team , which was understandable given how well Hodges and Steve McCall had worked together at Torquay United the previous season . By now Neil Warnock was manager of Bury , and Blackwell was soon appointed goalkeeping coach at Bury , eventually becoming assistant manager . In October 1998 , Blackwell found himself making headlines from an incident that had happened during his time at Huddersfield . He was taken to court by the family of a girl whose arm was broken by one of his stray shots during the warm-up . Soon after Torquay chairman Mike Bateson banned his own players from shooting at the goals during the pre-match warm up and the case was delayed so an out of court settlement could be reached . In December 1999 , Neil Warnock was appointed manager of Sheffield United and took Blackwell with him as his assistant . In September 2000 , Blackwells thoughts were turned to playing again , he was still registered as a player and due to injuries was the only cover for the Blades first choice keeper . In August 2014 Blackwell was reunited with Neil Warnock at Crystal Palace . Working together for the first time in eleven years , Blackwell being appointed a Technical Director . Blackwell was asked to continue his role after Warnock had departed until the appointment of Alan Pardew . In February 2015 Blackwell started coaching at Barnet , helping Martin Allen with the Bees title push in the Conference Premier until the end of the season . In November 2015 Blackwell was brought in by Warnock , then interim manager at Queens Park Rangers , to assist him at the club . In February 2016 , Blackwell was appointed assistant manager to Warnock at Rotherham United along with Ronnie Jepson . The management team left Rotherham in May of the same year , having guided the club to safety in the Championship . In October 2016 , Blackwell again teamed up with Warnock and Jepson , as assistant manager at Cardiff City . Management . Leeds United . Blackwell left Sheffield United for Leeds United to join Peter Reid as his Assistant Manager in 2003 . He remained in this role under Eddie Gray following Reids dismissal before taking over as manager of Leeds in the summer 2004 following the clubs relegation from the Premiership . Handed the task of rebuilding Leeds team after huge debts forced the jettisoning of its highly paid stars , Blackwell made a record number of signings for the club in 2004–05 . He focused on value for money , buying players that , while talented , had not made the highest grade . Although early results were poor , perhaps affected by boardroom turmoil that saw the new board struggle to put the club onto a sound financial footing and in time led to its takeover by Ken Bates , Blackwell led the side to challenge for the playoffs , before a run of draws slowed progress , leaving Leeds in mid-table . Blackwell had been seen as a temporary appointment , perhaps to be replaced by a more glamorous name , but his success in stabilising the team – and his initial popularity with fans – led Bates to suggest he had a long-term future at the club . In the summer of 2005 Blackwell was given financial backing and bought some high-profile players for the new season . Proven strikers Richard Cresswell , Rob Hulse and Robbie Blake gave Blackwell plenty of firepower up front , while USA winger Eddie Lewis arrived to supply the ammunition . Once again Blackwell had convinced in-demand players to join Leeds . Blackwells shrewd tactics away from Elland Road and attacking style at home ( where 9 out of 10 matches were won ) proved very effective and , by the end of February , Blackwell had guided Leeds to 3rd spot and an almost guaranteed play off spot , with automatic promotion remaining a possibility . The Leeds team , however , then produced some distinctly average performances and settled for their play-off place . Blackwell took his Leeds team into the Championship play-off final , after beating Preston North End 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals . However , Leeds lost the final 3–0 to Watford on 21 May 2006 . A string of bad results followed in both pre-season and the start of the 2006–07 and on 20 September 2006 his contract as Leeds United manager was terminated . As Blackwell left the club , Leeds were lying 23rd in the table , with seven points from eight games . After leaving Leeds , Blackwell travelled around Europe going to big-name clubs such as Real Madrid and Internazionale acquiring knowledge of further training techniques to help him with his management career . On 20 November 2006 , he announced he was suing Leeds United for wrongful dismissal after it was confirmed he was sacked for gross misconduct on the grounds of negative comments made in the press about the clubs finances . Luton Town . On 27 March 2007 , Blackwell was announced as the new manager of Luton Town and began his tenure with a draw against Burnley . Luton were already in the bottom 3 when Blackwell took over and were 9 points from safety with 3 games to go . Blackwell set about rebuilding the side , his priority to get in some experience . To achieve this he sold centre back Leon Barnett to West Bromwich Albion , and defender Kevin Foley to Wolves , as well as releasing centre-back Russ Perrett and £500,000 signing Adam Boyd , who went on to score 14 goals that season for Leyton Orient . He also lost Markus Heikkinen on a free transfer . In replacement he brought in high-profile players such as Paul Peschisolido , Chris Perry , Don Hutchison , Paul McVeigh and Paul Furlong . He also signed some younger players in Alan Goodall , Richard Jackson and Dave Edwards . The club entered administration in late 2007 , and in January 2008 Blackwell announced he would leave Luton after working a months notice . However , he was sacked a week after making this statement . Sheffield United . Blackwell , took the position of Sheffield United manager replacing Bryan Robson on 14 February 2008 until the end of the season . He was assisted by his former Luton Town assistant Sam Ellis . After the Blades 2–0 defeat at home to Charlton Athletic on 1 March 2008 , Blackwell was critical of his teams performance , describing it as insipid and embarrassing in an interview on BBC Radio Sheffield . Since then , the team went on a five-game unbeaten run drawing at Ipswich Town and winning four in a row against Plymouth Argyle , Coventry City , Norwich City and Barnsley to improve his chances of landing the job permanently . The 4-match winning streak ended to a 3–1 defeat against Preston North End . The team responded with a 3–0 victory against Leicester City , James Beattie scored his first hat-trick of the club in that game . In his first Sheffield derby as manager , the Blades showed much improved passion levels as they came from 2–0 down against Sheffield Wednesday to draw 2–2 with Beattie scoring a stunning free kick very late in the game to rescue a point . This was followed by a 2–1 victory at Burnley , with another superb Beattie free kick , and a 2–0 victory over Hull when United went down to ten men after skipper Chris Morgan was sent off . In the penultimate game of the season , the Blades won 2–1 against Bristol City with Speed scoring a brace . With one game remaining in the season , United remained in with a chance of making the play offs , a considerable achievement after the Robson era . Sheffield United lost 3–2 on the last day of the season against Southampton and finished ninth , four points off the final playoff place . In the 2008–2009 season Blackwell took Sheffield United to The Championship play off final after beating Preston North End 2–1 over two legs . Sheffield United lost the final 1–0 against Burnley . On 14 August 2010 after losing 3–0 to Queens Park Rangers , the club website confirmed that Blackwell had left the club by mutual consent . Bury . It was announced on 26 September 2012 that the board had hired Kevin Blackwell as permanent manager . Blackwell had previously managed at Leeds United and Sheffield United , and his appointment was widely regarded as something of a coup for Bury . Blackwell began his tenure with a 2–2 draw at Stevenage followed by a 1–0 home loss to Swindon Town prompting him to blast some of his players as garbage . After being winless in his first five games in charge of Bury before they beat Hartlepool United 2–1 to earn their first win of the season , the result sparked a run of form which saw Blackwells side lose only once in eight games in all competitions , a spell which included five victories . Bury were a point clear of the relegation zone by the end of November , a remarkable turnaround from being seven points adrift when Blackwell took over . In mid December the club was placed under a transfer embargo due to falling into financial difficulty as a result of poor attendance figures . This led to numerous players being released and loaned out to keep the club solvent which ultimately crippled the playing side of the club . As the season wore on Bury F.C were not able to fill a team sheet leading to the last few games with only twelve players available . Bury were officially relegated from league one on Saturday 13 April 2013 after losing at home 1–0 to Oldham Athletic following a late Matt Smith header . External links . - Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL |
[
"Floresville High School"
]
| easy | Which school did Vicente T. Ximenes go to from 1938 to 1939? | /wiki/Vicente_T._Ximenes#P69#0 | Vicente T . Ximenes Vicente T . Ximenes ( December 5 , 1919 – February 27 , 2014 ) was an American civil servant active in advocating for the civil rights of Mexican Americans . Early life . Ximenes was born in 1919 and raised in the town of Floresville , Texas , where he , along with the Mexican American community , were subjected to racial segregation . After graduating from Floresville High School in 1939 , Ximenes became a chief clerk in the Civilian Conservation Corps . Ximenes also enrolled in the University of Texas at Austin where he became friends with Dr . Hector P . Garcia , who would later organize the Mexican American civil rights organization the American GI Forum . Accomplishments in civil rights . - In February 1957 , Ximenes was made aware of a racist incident in Colorado , where a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow a Mexican-American boy to carry the flag in that years President Lincoln Day ceremony . As the national chairman of the American GI Forum , Ximenes took the lead in publicizing this incident with local and national press . Ximenes also sent telegrams to the national office of the Daughters of the American Revolution and the American GI Forum . UNM Professor , and Ximenes biographer , Michelle Kells explains that , the Denver Star and Amarillo Globe-Times noted that the Lincoln Day flag-carrying pageant had been immediately cancelled following Ximeness complaint [ and ] DAR National President Frederíc Graves responded immediately by pulling the charter from the local Denver DAR chapter . She contacted Ximenes and offered to travel to Albuquerque to exchange flags with the American GI Forum as an act of reconciliation . Ximenes had to decide how much more negative press he wanted to promote , heaping political coals on the head of the DAR . However , Ximenes chose to take a restorative justice approach to the conflict , engaging in negotiations with DAR President Frederíc Graves . The flag exchange ceremony was promptly staged in front of the American GI Forum building in Albuquerque . - In 1967 , on very short notice President Lyndon B . Johnson tasked Ximenes with reorganizing what became the El Paso hearings . The meetings and hearings that took place at the El Paso hearings were the catalyst for more civil rights policy benefiting Mexican-Americans than may ever be calculated . Meetings on issues of language , education , labor and legal defense all took place during the El Paso hearings . As Professor Craig A . Kaplowitz notes , the committee hearings designed to quell Mexican American frustration ironically gave rise to a grass-roots movement to form a national opposition political base . Hispanic-American rights author Henry A . J . Ramos explains that , the year that followed the hearings saw important and unprecedented administration initiatives on behalf of Hispanic Americans . Career . When the US became involved in World War II in 1941 , Ximenes volunteered to join the U.S . Air Force . Ximenes graduated from Bombardier School at Kirtland Air Force Base as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1941 . During the war , Ximenes flew 50 missions as a lead bombardier in North Africa and was later awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery under fire . After serving in the war , he became an Air Force flying instructor at Goodfellow Air Force Base from 1943-1946 . Ximenes eventually retired from the Air Force with the rank of Major in 1947 . Upon returning home from military service , he realized that racial segregation persisted in his hometown . He later became a member of the American GI Forum after meeting with his old friend , Dr . Garcia . In 1950 , he received his Bachelors degree in Education from the University of New Mexico , and a Masters degree in Economics a year later . Ximenes then worked at the Bureau of Business Research from 1951 to 1961 . In 1961 , the Kennedy administration selected Ximenes to serve as program officer and economist for the U.S . Agency for International Development in Ecuador , and in 1966 , he was named deputy director of the Agency for International Development in Panama . Ximenes was also appointed as Assistant Inspector General for the War on Poverty . The following year , President Lyndon B . Johnson appointed Ximenes as U.S . commissioner of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission , where he served for five years . Upon his appointment , President Johnson said , Mr . Ximenes life is a very vivid story of what we call American opportunity . He is a distinguished public servant , a teacher , a war hero , a leader of the Mexican-American community . Today , he achieves another high honor as he becomes a member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States Government . And we -- as a Nation -- are honored by his achievement . Ximenes directed the historic El Paso hearings in October 1967 , which were the turning point in the goal for Hispanics to become part of the mainstream of the United States . In 1967 , Ximenes was also selected as the chairman of President Johnsons new Cabinet Committee on Mexican American Affairs , a position he held until 1972 . Ximenes tenure at this position produced changes in federal legislation and regulation that affected the entire nation . From 1972-1973 Ximenes was Vice-President for field operations of the National Urban Coalition . From 1972-1977 Ximenes served as a member of the board of trustees of the University of Albuquerque . In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed Ximenes as Commissioner of White House Fellows . He served with former Secretary of HEW John Gardner , Lady Bird Johnson , White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler , Thomas Johnson of the Los Angeles Times , and others . This position empowered Ximenes and others involved to appoint the top scholars and future leaders to serve as White House Fellows in the offices of Cabinet members and the White House . In 2007 Ximenes participated in the UNM Civil Rights Symposium as a speaker at the function . Honors and awards . In 2008 , Ximenes was the Honorary Degree Recipient of Doctor of Humane Letters from University of New Mexico . Previously , Ximenes received an Honorary Ph.D . in Humane Letters from New Mexico Highlands University . Vicente Ximenes also has a scholarship established in his name at the University of New Mexico . This scholarship award is given to a graduate student in Rhetoric and Writing whose research or service demonstrates commitment to public rhetoric and civic literacy , and who exemplifies the work of Vicente Ximenes . The scholarship was established by a handful of UNM students and UNM professor Michelle Kells in March 2005 . The scholarship maintains its funding entirely through donations . Vicente T . Ximenes is the recipient of numerous other awards including : the Common Cause Public Service Achievement Award , the State of New Mexico Distinguished Service Award , the Vasco Nunez de Balboa , Panamas highest honor and awarded by the president of Panama ; the Aztec award by the Mexican-American Opportunity Foundation ; the Albuquerque Human Rights Bridge Award by the Albuquerque human rights board ; and the De Colores Lifetime Achievement award by the De Colores Board of Directors . Personal life . Vincente T . Ximenes was married to Maria Ximenes , who died in 2009 . Vicente died on February 27 , 2014 , at the age of 94 . Both Vicente and Maria are survived by three of their four children , Ricardo , Olivia and Ana Maria . Their oldest son , Estevan , died in 1978 . They also had a granddaughter , Theresa , and two great-granddaughters , Chloe and Madison . Media coverage . Michelle Hall Kells , Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Writing in the English Department of the University of New Mexico has written about Vicentes political efforts in a book : Vicente Ximenes and LBJs Great Society : The Rhetoric of Mexican American Civil Rights Reform . Illinois University Press : Illinois . 2018 . Dr . Kells gave a public reading of her work in Albuquerque in April 2018 . The LBJ Library published the Civil Rights Summit of 1972 on YouTube . Video of Day 2 of the Summit , which features Vicente Ximenes , can be found here Ximenes was featured in a PBS American Experience documentary called The Civilian Conservation Corps which premiered in 2009 . Ximenes was featured in a documentary called The Longoria Affair , which premiered in November 2010 on PBS . This documentary , written and directed by John J . Valadez , describes how Mexican-American Rights progressed after a World War II Veteran , Felix Longoria , was refused burial in his home town of Three Rivers Texas because of his ethnicity . In 2010 the Wilson County News published an interview with Ximenes . An article honoring the life of Vicente Ximenes was published in the Albuquerque Journal , March 2 , 2014 . A chapter in the book , Leaders of the Mexican American Generation , edited by Anthony Quiroz and published in 2015 featured Vicente Ximenes and his work in Civil Rights . Legacy . Unlike many other well known members of the Mexican-American rights movement in the U.S. , Ximenes legacy is one in which systemic change was attempted from within the government , through years of civil service . Ximenes put it simply in one interview : You have to work with other people to succeed in whatever goal you set out to do . One of Dr . Michelle Hall Kells students gave a presentation on Vicente Ximenes . The hand-out for that presentation and class discussion can be found here . Several academic , professional , and personal associates of Ximenes speak to his legacy in a posthumous tribute blog for Dr . Ximenes , established to honor Ximenes legacy shortly after his death in February 2014 . One notable reference to Ximenes legacy , from UNM Provost Chaouki Abdallah , states that , Dr . Ximenes unparalleled contributions at the state and national-level distinguish him as one of the most influential figures in US civil rights history . Sources . - Vicente Ximenes Presentation Video on Civil Rights at econtent.unm.edu - Ximenes Interviewed For The Oral History Project at lib.utexas.edu - Ximenes at silverhorizons.org - Interview at justiceformypeople.org - HM056 at the New Mexico legislature - Vicente T . Ximenes at museumstuff.com - Honorary Degrees at graduation.unm.edu - Longoria Affair at pbs.org - 1972 Civil Rights Summit , Day 2 at LBJ Library/YouTube - UNM ENGL 416 Class Presentation : Vicente Ximenes Notes . |
[
"University of Texas at Austin"
]
| easy | Where was Vicente T. Ximenes educated from 1939 to 1950? | /wiki/Vicente_T._Ximenes#P69#1 | Vicente T . Ximenes Vicente T . Ximenes ( December 5 , 1919 – February 27 , 2014 ) was an American civil servant active in advocating for the civil rights of Mexican Americans . Early life . Ximenes was born in 1919 and raised in the town of Floresville , Texas , where he , along with the Mexican American community , were subjected to racial segregation . After graduating from Floresville High School in 1939 , Ximenes became a chief clerk in the Civilian Conservation Corps . Ximenes also enrolled in the University of Texas at Austin where he became friends with Dr . Hector P . Garcia , who would later organize the Mexican American civil rights organization the American GI Forum . Accomplishments in civil rights . - In February 1957 , Ximenes was made aware of a racist incident in Colorado , where a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow a Mexican-American boy to carry the flag in that years President Lincoln Day ceremony . As the national chairman of the American GI Forum , Ximenes took the lead in publicizing this incident with local and national press . Ximenes also sent telegrams to the national office of the Daughters of the American Revolution and the American GI Forum . UNM Professor , and Ximenes biographer , Michelle Kells explains that , the Denver Star and Amarillo Globe-Times noted that the Lincoln Day flag-carrying pageant had been immediately cancelled following Ximeness complaint [ and ] DAR National President Frederíc Graves responded immediately by pulling the charter from the local Denver DAR chapter . She contacted Ximenes and offered to travel to Albuquerque to exchange flags with the American GI Forum as an act of reconciliation . Ximenes had to decide how much more negative press he wanted to promote , heaping political coals on the head of the DAR . However , Ximenes chose to take a restorative justice approach to the conflict , engaging in negotiations with DAR President Frederíc Graves . The flag exchange ceremony was promptly staged in front of the American GI Forum building in Albuquerque . - In 1967 , on very short notice President Lyndon B . Johnson tasked Ximenes with reorganizing what became the El Paso hearings . The meetings and hearings that took place at the El Paso hearings were the catalyst for more civil rights policy benefiting Mexican-Americans than may ever be calculated . Meetings on issues of language , education , labor and legal defense all took place during the El Paso hearings . As Professor Craig A . Kaplowitz notes , the committee hearings designed to quell Mexican American frustration ironically gave rise to a grass-roots movement to form a national opposition political base . Hispanic-American rights author Henry A . J . Ramos explains that , the year that followed the hearings saw important and unprecedented administration initiatives on behalf of Hispanic Americans . Career . When the US became involved in World War II in 1941 , Ximenes volunteered to join the U.S . Air Force . Ximenes graduated from Bombardier School at Kirtland Air Force Base as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1941 . During the war , Ximenes flew 50 missions as a lead bombardier in North Africa and was later awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery under fire . After serving in the war , he became an Air Force flying instructor at Goodfellow Air Force Base from 1943-1946 . Ximenes eventually retired from the Air Force with the rank of Major in 1947 . Upon returning home from military service , he realized that racial segregation persisted in his hometown . He later became a member of the American GI Forum after meeting with his old friend , Dr . Garcia . In 1950 , he received his Bachelors degree in Education from the University of New Mexico , and a Masters degree in Economics a year later . Ximenes then worked at the Bureau of Business Research from 1951 to 1961 . In 1961 , the Kennedy administration selected Ximenes to serve as program officer and economist for the U.S . Agency for International Development in Ecuador , and in 1966 , he was named deputy director of the Agency for International Development in Panama . Ximenes was also appointed as Assistant Inspector General for the War on Poverty . The following year , President Lyndon B . Johnson appointed Ximenes as U.S . commissioner of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission , where he served for five years . Upon his appointment , President Johnson said , Mr . Ximenes life is a very vivid story of what we call American opportunity . He is a distinguished public servant , a teacher , a war hero , a leader of the Mexican-American community . Today , he achieves another high honor as he becomes a member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States Government . And we -- as a Nation -- are honored by his achievement . Ximenes directed the historic El Paso hearings in October 1967 , which were the turning point in the goal for Hispanics to become part of the mainstream of the United States . In 1967 , Ximenes was also selected as the chairman of President Johnsons new Cabinet Committee on Mexican American Affairs , a position he held until 1972 . Ximenes tenure at this position produced changes in federal legislation and regulation that affected the entire nation . From 1972-1973 Ximenes was Vice-President for field operations of the National Urban Coalition . From 1972-1977 Ximenes served as a member of the board of trustees of the University of Albuquerque . In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed Ximenes as Commissioner of White House Fellows . He served with former Secretary of HEW John Gardner , Lady Bird Johnson , White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler , Thomas Johnson of the Los Angeles Times , and others . This position empowered Ximenes and others involved to appoint the top scholars and future leaders to serve as White House Fellows in the offices of Cabinet members and the White House . In 2007 Ximenes participated in the UNM Civil Rights Symposium as a speaker at the function . Honors and awards . In 2008 , Ximenes was the Honorary Degree Recipient of Doctor of Humane Letters from University of New Mexico . Previously , Ximenes received an Honorary Ph.D . in Humane Letters from New Mexico Highlands University . Vicente Ximenes also has a scholarship established in his name at the University of New Mexico . This scholarship award is given to a graduate student in Rhetoric and Writing whose research or service demonstrates commitment to public rhetoric and civic literacy , and who exemplifies the work of Vicente Ximenes . The scholarship was established by a handful of UNM students and UNM professor Michelle Kells in March 2005 . The scholarship maintains its funding entirely through donations . Vicente T . Ximenes is the recipient of numerous other awards including : the Common Cause Public Service Achievement Award , the State of New Mexico Distinguished Service Award , the Vasco Nunez de Balboa , Panamas highest honor and awarded by the president of Panama ; the Aztec award by the Mexican-American Opportunity Foundation ; the Albuquerque Human Rights Bridge Award by the Albuquerque human rights board ; and the De Colores Lifetime Achievement award by the De Colores Board of Directors . Personal life . Vincente T . Ximenes was married to Maria Ximenes , who died in 2009 . Vicente died on February 27 , 2014 , at the age of 94 . Both Vicente and Maria are survived by three of their four children , Ricardo , Olivia and Ana Maria . Their oldest son , Estevan , died in 1978 . They also had a granddaughter , Theresa , and two great-granddaughters , Chloe and Madison . Media coverage . Michelle Hall Kells , Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Writing in the English Department of the University of New Mexico has written about Vicentes political efforts in a book : Vicente Ximenes and LBJs Great Society : The Rhetoric of Mexican American Civil Rights Reform . Illinois University Press : Illinois . 2018 . Dr . Kells gave a public reading of her work in Albuquerque in April 2018 . The LBJ Library published the Civil Rights Summit of 1972 on YouTube . Video of Day 2 of the Summit , which features Vicente Ximenes , can be found here Ximenes was featured in a PBS American Experience documentary called The Civilian Conservation Corps which premiered in 2009 . Ximenes was featured in a documentary called The Longoria Affair , which premiered in November 2010 on PBS . This documentary , written and directed by John J . Valadez , describes how Mexican-American Rights progressed after a World War II Veteran , Felix Longoria , was refused burial in his home town of Three Rivers Texas because of his ethnicity . In 2010 the Wilson County News published an interview with Ximenes . An article honoring the life of Vicente Ximenes was published in the Albuquerque Journal , March 2 , 2014 . A chapter in the book , Leaders of the Mexican American Generation , edited by Anthony Quiroz and published in 2015 featured Vicente Ximenes and his work in Civil Rights . Legacy . Unlike many other well known members of the Mexican-American rights movement in the U.S. , Ximenes legacy is one in which systemic change was attempted from within the government , through years of civil service . Ximenes put it simply in one interview : You have to work with other people to succeed in whatever goal you set out to do . One of Dr . Michelle Hall Kells students gave a presentation on Vicente Ximenes . The hand-out for that presentation and class discussion can be found here . Several academic , professional , and personal associates of Ximenes speak to his legacy in a posthumous tribute blog for Dr . Ximenes , established to honor Ximenes legacy shortly after his death in February 2014 . One notable reference to Ximenes legacy , from UNM Provost Chaouki Abdallah , states that , Dr . Ximenes unparalleled contributions at the state and national-level distinguish him as one of the most influential figures in US civil rights history . Sources . - Vicente Ximenes Presentation Video on Civil Rights at econtent.unm.edu - Ximenes Interviewed For The Oral History Project at lib.utexas.edu - Ximenes at silverhorizons.org - Interview at justiceformypeople.org - HM056 at the New Mexico legislature - Vicente T . Ximenes at museumstuff.com - Honorary Degrees at graduation.unm.edu - Longoria Affair at pbs.org - 1972 Civil Rights Summit , Day 2 at LBJ Library/YouTube - UNM ENGL 416 Class Presentation : Vicente Ximenes Notes . |
[
"University of New Mexico"
]
| easy | Where was Vicente T. Ximenes educated from 1950 to 1951? | /wiki/Vicente_T._Ximenes#P69#2 | Vicente T . Ximenes Vicente T . Ximenes ( December 5 , 1919 – February 27 , 2014 ) was an American civil servant active in advocating for the civil rights of Mexican Americans . Early life . Ximenes was born in 1919 and raised in the town of Floresville , Texas , where he , along with the Mexican American community , were subjected to racial segregation . After graduating from Floresville High School in 1939 , Ximenes became a chief clerk in the Civilian Conservation Corps . Ximenes also enrolled in the University of Texas at Austin where he became friends with Dr . Hector P . Garcia , who would later organize the Mexican American civil rights organization the American GI Forum . Accomplishments in civil rights . - In February 1957 , Ximenes was made aware of a racist incident in Colorado , where a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to allow a Mexican-American boy to carry the flag in that years President Lincoln Day ceremony . As the national chairman of the American GI Forum , Ximenes took the lead in publicizing this incident with local and national press . Ximenes also sent telegrams to the national office of the Daughters of the American Revolution and the American GI Forum . UNM Professor , and Ximenes biographer , Michelle Kells explains that , the Denver Star and Amarillo Globe-Times noted that the Lincoln Day flag-carrying pageant had been immediately cancelled following Ximeness complaint [ and ] DAR National President Frederíc Graves responded immediately by pulling the charter from the local Denver DAR chapter . She contacted Ximenes and offered to travel to Albuquerque to exchange flags with the American GI Forum as an act of reconciliation . Ximenes had to decide how much more negative press he wanted to promote , heaping political coals on the head of the DAR . However , Ximenes chose to take a restorative justice approach to the conflict , engaging in negotiations with DAR President Frederíc Graves . The flag exchange ceremony was promptly staged in front of the American GI Forum building in Albuquerque . - In 1967 , on very short notice President Lyndon B . Johnson tasked Ximenes with reorganizing what became the El Paso hearings . The meetings and hearings that took place at the El Paso hearings were the catalyst for more civil rights policy benefiting Mexican-Americans than may ever be calculated . Meetings on issues of language , education , labor and legal defense all took place during the El Paso hearings . As Professor Craig A . Kaplowitz notes , the committee hearings designed to quell Mexican American frustration ironically gave rise to a grass-roots movement to form a national opposition political base . Hispanic-American rights author Henry A . J . Ramos explains that , the year that followed the hearings saw important and unprecedented administration initiatives on behalf of Hispanic Americans . Career . When the US became involved in World War II in 1941 , Ximenes volunteered to join the U.S . Air Force . Ximenes graduated from Bombardier School at Kirtland Air Force Base as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1941 . During the war , Ximenes flew 50 missions as a lead bombardier in North Africa and was later awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for bravery under fire . After serving in the war , he became an Air Force flying instructor at Goodfellow Air Force Base from 1943-1946 . Ximenes eventually retired from the Air Force with the rank of Major in 1947 . Upon returning home from military service , he realized that racial segregation persisted in his hometown . He later became a member of the American GI Forum after meeting with his old friend , Dr . Garcia . In 1950 , he received his Bachelors degree in Education from the University of New Mexico , and a Masters degree in Economics a year later . Ximenes then worked at the Bureau of Business Research from 1951 to 1961 . In 1961 , the Kennedy administration selected Ximenes to serve as program officer and economist for the U.S . Agency for International Development in Ecuador , and in 1966 , he was named deputy director of the Agency for International Development in Panama . Ximenes was also appointed as Assistant Inspector General for the War on Poverty . The following year , President Lyndon B . Johnson appointed Ximenes as U.S . commissioner of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission , where he served for five years . Upon his appointment , President Johnson said , Mr . Ximenes life is a very vivid story of what we call American opportunity . He is a distinguished public servant , a teacher , a war hero , a leader of the Mexican-American community . Today , he achieves another high honor as he becomes a member of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of the United States Government . And we -- as a Nation -- are honored by his achievement . Ximenes directed the historic El Paso hearings in October 1967 , which were the turning point in the goal for Hispanics to become part of the mainstream of the United States . In 1967 , Ximenes was also selected as the chairman of President Johnsons new Cabinet Committee on Mexican American Affairs , a position he held until 1972 . Ximenes tenure at this position produced changes in federal legislation and regulation that affected the entire nation . From 1972-1973 Ximenes was Vice-President for field operations of the National Urban Coalition . From 1972-1977 Ximenes served as a member of the board of trustees of the University of Albuquerque . In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed Ximenes as Commissioner of White House Fellows . He served with former Secretary of HEW John Gardner , Lady Bird Johnson , White House Counsel Lloyd Cutler , Thomas Johnson of the Los Angeles Times , and others . This position empowered Ximenes and others involved to appoint the top scholars and future leaders to serve as White House Fellows in the offices of Cabinet members and the White House . In 2007 Ximenes participated in the UNM Civil Rights Symposium as a speaker at the function . Honors and awards . In 2008 , Ximenes was the Honorary Degree Recipient of Doctor of Humane Letters from University of New Mexico . Previously , Ximenes received an Honorary Ph.D . in Humane Letters from New Mexico Highlands University . Vicente Ximenes also has a scholarship established in his name at the University of New Mexico . This scholarship award is given to a graduate student in Rhetoric and Writing whose research or service demonstrates commitment to public rhetoric and civic literacy , and who exemplifies the work of Vicente Ximenes . The scholarship was established by a handful of UNM students and UNM professor Michelle Kells in March 2005 . The scholarship maintains its funding entirely through donations . Vicente T . Ximenes is the recipient of numerous other awards including : the Common Cause Public Service Achievement Award , the State of New Mexico Distinguished Service Award , the Vasco Nunez de Balboa , Panamas highest honor and awarded by the president of Panama ; the Aztec award by the Mexican-American Opportunity Foundation ; the Albuquerque Human Rights Bridge Award by the Albuquerque human rights board ; and the De Colores Lifetime Achievement award by the De Colores Board of Directors . Personal life . Vincente T . Ximenes was married to Maria Ximenes , who died in 2009 . Vicente died on February 27 , 2014 , at the age of 94 . Both Vicente and Maria are survived by three of their four children , Ricardo , Olivia and Ana Maria . Their oldest son , Estevan , died in 1978 . They also had a granddaughter , Theresa , and two great-granddaughters , Chloe and Madison . Media coverage . Michelle Hall Kells , Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Writing in the English Department of the University of New Mexico has written about Vicentes political efforts in a book : Vicente Ximenes and LBJs Great Society : The Rhetoric of Mexican American Civil Rights Reform . Illinois University Press : Illinois . 2018 . Dr . Kells gave a public reading of her work in Albuquerque in April 2018 . The LBJ Library published the Civil Rights Summit of 1972 on YouTube . Video of Day 2 of the Summit , which features Vicente Ximenes , can be found here Ximenes was featured in a PBS American Experience documentary called The Civilian Conservation Corps which premiered in 2009 . Ximenes was featured in a documentary called The Longoria Affair , which premiered in November 2010 on PBS . This documentary , written and directed by John J . Valadez , describes how Mexican-American Rights progressed after a World War II Veteran , Felix Longoria , was refused burial in his home town of Three Rivers Texas because of his ethnicity . In 2010 the Wilson County News published an interview with Ximenes . An article honoring the life of Vicente Ximenes was published in the Albuquerque Journal , March 2 , 2014 . A chapter in the book , Leaders of the Mexican American Generation , edited by Anthony Quiroz and published in 2015 featured Vicente Ximenes and his work in Civil Rights . Legacy . Unlike many other well known members of the Mexican-American rights movement in the U.S. , Ximenes legacy is one in which systemic change was attempted from within the government , through years of civil service . Ximenes put it simply in one interview : You have to work with other people to succeed in whatever goal you set out to do . One of Dr . Michelle Hall Kells students gave a presentation on Vicente Ximenes . The hand-out for that presentation and class discussion can be found here . Several academic , professional , and personal associates of Ximenes speak to his legacy in a posthumous tribute blog for Dr . Ximenes , established to honor Ximenes legacy shortly after his death in February 2014 . One notable reference to Ximenes legacy , from UNM Provost Chaouki Abdallah , states that , Dr . Ximenes unparalleled contributions at the state and national-level distinguish him as one of the most influential figures in US civil rights history . Sources . - Vicente Ximenes Presentation Video on Civil Rights at econtent.unm.edu - Ximenes Interviewed For The Oral History Project at lib.utexas.edu - Ximenes at silverhorizons.org - Interview at justiceformypeople.org - HM056 at the New Mexico legislature - Vicente T . Ximenes at museumstuff.com - Honorary Degrees at graduation.unm.edu - Longoria Affair at pbs.org - 1972 Civil Rights Summit , Day 2 at LBJ Library/YouTube - UNM ENGL 416 Class Presentation : Vicente Ximenes Notes . |
[
""
]
| easy | Where was John Yarmuth educated from 1964 to 1965? | /wiki/John_Yarmuth#P69#0 | John Yarmuth John Allan Yarmuth ( ; born November 4 , 1947 ) is an American politician and former newspaper editor serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2007 . His district encompasses the vast majority of the Louisville Metro Area . Since 2013 , he has been the only Democratic member of Kentuckys congressional delegation . Yarmuth currently serves as the chairman of the House Budget Committee . Early life , education and career . Yarmuth was born in Louisville , Kentucky , the son of Edna E . ( née Klein ) and Stanley R . Yarmuth . He is descended from Jewish immigrants from Russia and Austria . He graduated from Atherton High School . He later graduated from Yale University , majoring in American Studies , and attended Georgetown University Law Center . He worked for Republican U.S . Senator Marlow Cook from 1971 to 1975 , then returned to Louisville and launched his publishing career by founding the Louisville Today magazine , which operated from 1976 to 1982 . He later worked as a vice-president of University Relations at the University of Louisville , where he was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa as an honoris causa initiate in 2014 . Publisher and columnist . In 1990 , Yarmuth founded the Louisville Eccentric Observer ( LEO ) , a weekly newspaper for which he wrote a generally progressive political column that was usually featured on the first page . In 2003 , Yarmuth sold LEO to a company owned by Times Publishing Company of Pennsylvania , owner of the Erie Times-News . Yarmuth remained on board as a columnist and consultant until January 2006 , when he put his column on hiatus to run for Congress . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2006 . Yarmuth filed candidacy papers on January 31 , 2006 , to represent . Having won the Democratic primary on May 16 , defeating Andrew Horne , Burrell Charles Farnsley and James W . Moore , he defeated incumbent Anne Northup ( R ) in November of that year . On August 7 , 2006 , The Courier-Journal reported that The Hill revealed a week before that the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee had earmarked $51.5 million for television advertising in 32 congressional districts across the nation , but none for Yarmuths challenge in the third congressional district . On October 20 , a Courier-Journal article stated that a WHAS11/SurveyUSA poll revealed the race had tightened dramatically , with Yarmuth leading Northup 48 to 47 percent . Another poll a month earlier had Northup leading by 6 points . A WHAS11/SurveyUSA poll released on November 2 showed Yarmuth leading Northup 52 to 44 percent . On October 26 , Yarmuth told Courier-Journal reporter Kay Stewart that he would donate his congressional salary—which would be $168,500 in 2007—to local charity . Because polls close early in Kentucky , many analysts saw this race as a key indicator and it immediately became one of the most watched House races in the nation . In the general election , Yarmuth garnered 122,139 votes ( 51% ) to Northups 116,157 votes ( 48% ) . Independent candidates garnered 2,896 votes ( 1% ) . 2008 . Yarmuth ran unopposed in the primary , and faced Anne Northup in a rematch of the 2006 general election . Yarmuth won the 2008 election with 59% of the vote . 2010 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Todd Lally and Independent Michael D . Hansen . Yarmuth was re-elected successfully with 53% of the vote . 2012 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Brooks Wicker and Independent candidate Robert L . Devore Jr . Yarmuth received 206,385 votes ( 63.96% ) , Brooks Wicker received 111,452 votes ( 23.32% ) , and Robert L . Devore Jr . received 4,819 votes ( 1.49% ) . 2014 . In the 2014 General Election , Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Dr . Michael McFarlane and Independent Gregory Puccetti . On October 6 , 2014 , Kentucky Educational Television hosted a debate which was broadcast live on Louisvilles KET , and was moderated by KET host Bill Goodman . Yarmuth went on to win reelection with 63.5% of the votes cast . 2016 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Harold Bratcher and Independent Everett Corley . Yarmuth won with 63% of the vote , receiving 212,388 votes . Harold Bratcher received 37% of the vote , totaling 122,085 ballots cast in his name . Everett Corley received no votes in the election . 2018 . On April 17 , 2017 , Yarmuth announced that he would run for a seventh term in the 2018 election . During the campaign , he lobbied for chairpersonship of the House Budget Committee and promised to hold hearings on Medicare for all . Yarmuth won re-election with over 62% of the vote against Vickie Yates Glisson , Kentuckys former Secretary of Health and Family Services . After the Democrats took the House , Yarmuth became Budget Committee chairman . In that position , he requested documents pertaining to the withholding of appropriated defense funds to Ukraine . As of November 2019 , the administration of Donald Trump has only partly complied with the request . Tenure . Yarmuth took office on January 3 , 2007 . As of 2019 , he is serving his seventh term as Congressman . After his first year in Congress , Yarmuth donated his post-tax congressional salary of just over $120,000 to various charities in Louisville . On February 8 , 2008 , Yarmuth endorsed Barack Obama in his successful bid for the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States . On September 29 , 2008 , Yarmuth voted against the TARP bailout plan , as negotiated by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi , Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid , President George W . Bush , House Minority Leader John Boehner , and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell . However , he did vote in favor of the second version of the bailout bill . Yarmuth said he was so nauseated by a moment of silence for Michael Jackson on the House floor that he left the chamber . I thought it was outrageous , he said . In my two and a half years , weve not done this for anybody else . Weve done it for former members and thats about it . After winning a 2008 rematch with Anne Northup , his 2006 general election opponent , Yarmuth was rewarded by the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee with a spot on the influential Ways and Means Committee . On the committee , he worked on issues on which he campaigned before the 2008 general election : Social Security , pension , Medicare , and Medicaid issues . At a September 2009 town hall meeting , constituents were unhappy with Yarmuths decision to support the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act . Yarmuth stayed calm in the face of boos and catcalls from some in the audience according to an Associated Press report . He warned that the current health care system is an unsustainable drain on businesses and the nations economy . In 2011 , Yarmuth introduced a bill alongside Republican Congressman Walter Jones that would seek to overturn key parts of the controversial court case Citizens United v . FEC . The legislation would also give Congress the power to enact mandatory public financing for Congressional candidates and create a national holiday for voting purposes . In 2011 , Yarmuth voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 due to a controversial provision which allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial . In 2013 , Yarmuth introduced the Fair Elections Now Act , which would establish a public financing system for Congressional campaigns . In 2015 , Yarmuth once again made an attempt at removing dark money from the political sphere by Proposing HR 2125 , the Keeping our Campaigns Honest Act of 2015 , however the bill realistically had no chance of passing in the 114th Congress in which it was proposed . Yarmuth signed onto a Medicare for All bill in the House , along with 120 other Democrats in 2018 , supporting single-payer healthcare . Yarmuth is the only Kentuckian member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . On December 18 , 2019 , Yarmuth voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J . Trump and was the only person representing Kentucky in the House to do so . For his tenure as the chairman of the House Budget Committee in the 116th Congress , Yarmuth earned an A grade from the non-partisan Lugar Centers Congressional Oversight Hearing Index . Committee assignments . - Chairman , Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and Labor Party leadership . - Regional Whip Caucuses memberships . Yarmuths caucus memberships include : Television . In 2003 , Yarmuth and former WHAS-AM radio talk show host John Ziegler debated political issues on the weekly WAVE program Yarmuth & Ziegler , with Yarmuth taking the liberal side and Ziegler , the conservative side . On a successor program , Hot Button , which ran from September 2004 to December 2005 , he faced off with conservative Jim Milliman . Yarmuth appeared on the March 8 , 2007 , episode of The Colbert Report in the shows Better Know a District series . In a parody of Yarmuths former Yarmuth & Ziegler debate series , host Stephen Colbert prodded Yarmuth into a point/counterpoint style debate . After agreeing to the debate , Colbert forced Yarmuth to defend the shredding of kittens in wood chippers , which Yarmuth gamely proceeded to do . Colbert referred to Yarmuth as a real-life Bruce Wayne , and presented him with a framed print of his congressional photo with a Batman mask photoshopped over his face . Personal life . Yarmuth has served on many boards including the Bingham Child Guidance Center and Kentucky Country Day School . He is Kentuckys first Jewish congressman . Yarmuth and his wife , Cathy Yarmuth , have one son , Aaron , who is a graduate of Kentucky Country Day . Aaron is currently the owner of the Louisville Eccentric Observer . |
[
""
]
| easy | Which school did John Yarmuth go to from 1971 to 1972? | /wiki/John_Yarmuth#P69#1 | John Yarmuth John Allan Yarmuth ( ; born November 4 , 1947 ) is an American politician and former newspaper editor serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2007 . His district encompasses the vast majority of the Louisville Metro Area . Since 2013 , he has been the only Democratic member of Kentuckys congressional delegation . Yarmuth currently serves as the chairman of the House Budget Committee . Early life , education and career . Yarmuth was born in Louisville , Kentucky , the son of Edna E . ( née Klein ) and Stanley R . Yarmuth . He is descended from Jewish immigrants from Russia and Austria . He graduated from Atherton High School . He later graduated from Yale University , majoring in American Studies , and attended Georgetown University Law Center . He worked for Republican U.S . Senator Marlow Cook from 1971 to 1975 , then returned to Louisville and launched his publishing career by founding the Louisville Today magazine , which operated from 1976 to 1982 . He later worked as a vice-president of University Relations at the University of Louisville , where he was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa as an honoris causa initiate in 2014 . Publisher and columnist . In 1990 , Yarmuth founded the Louisville Eccentric Observer ( LEO ) , a weekly newspaper for which he wrote a generally progressive political column that was usually featured on the first page . In 2003 , Yarmuth sold LEO to a company owned by Times Publishing Company of Pennsylvania , owner of the Erie Times-News . Yarmuth remained on board as a columnist and consultant until January 2006 , when he put his column on hiatus to run for Congress . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2006 . Yarmuth filed candidacy papers on January 31 , 2006 , to represent . Having won the Democratic primary on May 16 , defeating Andrew Horne , Burrell Charles Farnsley and James W . Moore , he defeated incumbent Anne Northup ( R ) in November of that year . On August 7 , 2006 , The Courier-Journal reported that The Hill revealed a week before that the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee had earmarked $51.5 million for television advertising in 32 congressional districts across the nation , but none for Yarmuths challenge in the third congressional district . On October 20 , a Courier-Journal article stated that a WHAS11/SurveyUSA poll revealed the race had tightened dramatically , with Yarmuth leading Northup 48 to 47 percent . Another poll a month earlier had Northup leading by 6 points . A WHAS11/SurveyUSA poll released on November 2 showed Yarmuth leading Northup 52 to 44 percent . On October 26 , Yarmuth told Courier-Journal reporter Kay Stewart that he would donate his congressional salary—which would be $168,500 in 2007—to local charity . Because polls close early in Kentucky , many analysts saw this race as a key indicator and it immediately became one of the most watched House races in the nation . In the general election , Yarmuth garnered 122,139 votes ( 51% ) to Northups 116,157 votes ( 48% ) . Independent candidates garnered 2,896 votes ( 1% ) . 2008 . Yarmuth ran unopposed in the primary , and faced Anne Northup in a rematch of the 2006 general election . Yarmuth won the 2008 election with 59% of the vote . 2010 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Todd Lally and Independent Michael D . Hansen . Yarmuth was re-elected successfully with 53% of the vote . 2012 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Brooks Wicker and Independent candidate Robert L . Devore Jr . Yarmuth received 206,385 votes ( 63.96% ) , Brooks Wicker received 111,452 votes ( 23.32% ) , and Robert L . Devore Jr . received 4,819 votes ( 1.49% ) . 2014 . In the 2014 General Election , Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Dr . Michael McFarlane and Independent Gregory Puccetti . On October 6 , 2014 , Kentucky Educational Television hosted a debate which was broadcast live on Louisvilles KET , and was moderated by KET host Bill Goodman . Yarmuth went on to win reelection with 63.5% of the votes cast . 2016 . Yarmuth was challenged by Republican Harold Bratcher and Independent Everett Corley . Yarmuth won with 63% of the vote , receiving 212,388 votes . Harold Bratcher received 37% of the vote , totaling 122,085 ballots cast in his name . Everett Corley received no votes in the election . 2018 . On April 17 , 2017 , Yarmuth announced that he would run for a seventh term in the 2018 election . During the campaign , he lobbied for chairpersonship of the House Budget Committee and promised to hold hearings on Medicare for all . Yarmuth won re-election with over 62% of the vote against Vickie Yates Glisson , Kentuckys former Secretary of Health and Family Services . After the Democrats took the House , Yarmuth became Budget Committee chairman . In that position , he requested documents pertaining to the withholding of appropriated defense funds to Ukraine . As of November 2019 , the administration of Donald Trump has only partly complied with the request . Tenure . Yarmuth took office on January 3 , 2007 . As of 2019 , he is serving his seventh term as Congressman . After his first year in Congress , Yarmuth donated his post-tax congressional salary of just over $120,000 to various charities in Louisville . On February 8 , 2008 , Yarmuth endorsed Barack Obama in his successful bid for the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States . On September 29 , 2008 , Yarmuth voted against the TARP bailout plan , as negotiated by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi , Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid , President George W . Bush , House Minority Leader John Boehner , and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell . However , he did vote in favor of the second version of the bailout bill . Yarmuth said he was so nauseated by a moment of silence for Michael Jackson on the House floor that he left the chamber . I thought it was outrageous , he said . In my two and a half years , weve not done this for anybody else . Weve done it for former members and thats about it . After winning a 2008 rematch with Anne Northup , his 2006 general election opponent , Yarmuth was rewarded by the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee with a spot on the influential Ways and Means Committee . On the committee , he worked on issues on which he campaigned before the 2008 general election : Social Security , pension , Medicare , and Medicaid issues . At a September 2009 town hall meeting , constituents were unhappy with Yarmuths decision to support the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act . Yarmuth stayed calm in the face of boos and catcalls from some in the audience according to an Associated Press report . He warned that the current health care system is an unsustainable drain on businesses and the nations economy . In 2011 , Yarmuth introduced a bill alongside Republican Congressman Walter Jones that would seek to overturn key parts of the controversial court case Citizens United v . FEC . The legislation would also give Congress the power to enact mandatory public financing for Congressional candidates and create a national holiday for voting purposes . In 2011 , Yarmuth voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 due to a controversial provision which allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial . In 2013 , Yarmuth introduced the Fair Elections Now Act , which would establish a public financing system for Congressional campaigns . In 2015 , Yarmuth once again made an attempt at removing dark money from the political sphere by Proposing HR 2125 , the Keeping our Campaigns Honest Act of 2015 , however the bill realistically had no chance of passing in the 114th Congress in which it was proposed . Yarmuth signed onto a Medicare for All bill in the House , along with 120 other Democrats in 2018 , supporting single-payer healthcare . Yarmuth is the only Kentuckian member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . On December 18 , 2019 , Yarmuth voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J . Trump and was the only person representing Kentucky in the House to do so . For his tenure as the chairman of the House Budget Committee in the 116th Congress , Yarmuth earned an A grade from the non-partisan Lugar Centers Congressional Oversight Hearing Index . Committee assignments . - Chairman , Committee on the Budget - Committee on Education and Labor Party leadership . - Regional Whip Caucuses memberships . Yarmuths caucus memberships include : Television . In 2003 , Yarmuth and former WHAS-AM radio talk show host John Ziegler debated political issues on the weekly WAVE program Yarmuth & Ziegler , with Yarmuth taking the liberal side and Ziegler , the conservative side . On a successor program , Hot Button , which ran from September 2004 to December 2005 , he faced off with conservative Jim Milliman . Yarmuth appeared on the March 8 , 2007 , episode of The Colbert Report in the shows Better Know a District series . In a parody of Yarmuths former Yarmuth & Ziegler debate series , host Stephen Colbert prodded Yarmuth into a point/counterpoint style debate . After agreeing to the debate , Colbert forced Yarmuth to defend the shredding of kittens in wood chippers , which Yarmuth gamely proceeded to do . Colbert referred to Yarmuth as a real-life Bruce Wayne , and presented him with a framed print of his congressional photo with a Batman mask photoshopped over his face . Personal life . Yarmuth has served on many boards including the Bingham Child Guidance Center and Kentucky Country Day School . He is Kentuckys first Jewish congressman . Yarmuth and his wife , Cathy Yarmuth , have one son , Aaron , who is a graduate of Kentucky Country Day . Aaron is currently the owner of the Louisville Eccentric Observer . |
[
"auxiliary bishop"
]
| easy | What position did Mark Coleridge take from May 2002 to Jun 2006? | /wiki/Mark_Coleridge#P39#0 | Mark Coleridge Mark Benedict Coleridge ( born 25 September 1948 ) is an Australian Catholic bishop . Since 11 May 2012 he has served as the seventh Roman Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane . He previously served as the Archbishop of Canberra–Goulburn ( 2006–12 ) and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Melbourne ( 2002–06 ) . Early life . Mark Coleridge was born in Melbourne , Victoria . The third of five siblings born to Bernard and Marjorie ( née Harvey ) Coleridge , he was educated at Saint Josephs School , Tranmere , South Australia , Rostrevor College , Adelaide , and St Kevins College , Toorak . Contemplating a career in the Australian diplomatic service , he graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in French . As a Melbourne seminarian , he entered Corpus Christi College , then in Werribee and later in Glen Waverley and Clayton . On 18 May 1974 , Coleridge was ordained a priest at St Patricks Cathedral , Melbourne , by Bishop John A . Kelly , an auxiliary bishop of Melbourne . He worked as a parish priest there until moving to Rome where he earned a Licentiate in Sacred Scripture at the Biblicum in 1984 and a Doctorate in Sacred Scripture with dissertation on the Infancy Narrative in Lukes Gospel in April 1992 . He returned to Melbourne in 1992 , where he spent three years at several theology appointments . After some time in Rome devoted to doctoral studies and another stint in Melbourne , in 1997 he was appointed to a position in the Roman Curia at the Secretariat of State , where he spent four years . Episcopate . On 3 May 2002 , Pope John Paul II appointed Coleridge as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Melbourne . On 19 June 2006 , Pope Benedict XVI named him as Archbishop of Canberra and Goulburn . On 29 December 2011 he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications for a five-year renewable term . On 2 April 2012 , Pope Benedict XVI named him Metropolitan Archbishop of Brisbane and he was installed on 11 May 2012 . As of 2015 he was a member of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference , Coleridge serves on that bodys permanent committee , chairs its Commission for Evangelisation , and is a member of its Commission for Church Ministry . The Australian Catholic Bishops Conference elected Coleridge one of its two delegates to the Synod on the Family in Rome in October 2015 . There he served as the relator ( reporting secretary ) for one of the four English-language working groups . In November 2017 , Coleridge was elected by Australias bishops to head their commission that will organize a plenary council of the Church in Australia in 2020 . On 4 May 2018 he was elected to a two-year term as president of the Bishops Conference . Opposition to same-sex marriage . In 2017 , during the national postal survey on same-sex marriage , Coleridge said he personally believed that the love shared by a same-sex couple could only ever be simply the love of friends . He noted that children were not permitted to marry their parents , nor siblings permitted to marry one another , though he agreed that the cases of same-sex couples and close relatives were different . He said : That is not to say that [ same-sex couples ] are not equal . Its simply saying that they are not the same and that they dont qualify for what we call marriage . |
[
"Archbishop"
]
| easy | Mark Coleridge took which position from Jun 2006 to Apr 2013? | /wiki/Mark_Coleridge#P39#1 | Mark Coleridge Mark Benedict Coleridge ( born 25 September 1948 ) is an Australian Catholic bishop . Since 11 May 2012 he has served as the seventh Roman Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane . He previously served as the Archbishop of Canberra–Goulburn ( 2006–12 ) and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Melbourne ( 2002–06 ) . Early life . Mark Coleridge was born in Melbourne , Victoria . The third of five siblings born to Bernard and Marjorie ( née Harvey ) Coleridge , he was educated at Saint Josephs School , Tranmere , South Australia , Rostrevor College , Adelaide , and St Kevins College , Toorak . Contemplating a career in the Australian diplomatic service , he graduated from the University of Melbourne in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in French . As a Melbourne seminarian , he entered Corpus Christi College , then in Werribee and later in Glen Waverley and Clayton . On 18 May 1974 , Coleridge was ordained a priest at St Patricks Cathedral , Melbourne , by Bishop John A . Kelly , an auxiliary bishop of Melbourne . He worked as a parish priest there until moving to Rome where he earned a Licentiate in Sacred Scripture at the Biblicum in 1984 and a Doctorate in Sacred Scripture with dissertation on the Infancy Narrative in Lukes Gospel in April 1992 . He returned to Melbourne in 1992 , where he spent three years at several theology appointments . After some time in Rome devoted to doctoral studies and another stint in Melbourne , in 1997 he was appointed to a position in the Roman Curia at the Secretariat of State , where he spent four years . Episcopate . On 3 May 2002 , Pope John Paul II appointed Coleridge as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Melbourne . On 19 June 2006 , Pope Benedict XVI named him as Archbishop of Canberra and Goulburn . On 29 December 2011 he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications for a five-year renewable term . On 2 April 2012 , Pope Benedict XVI named him Metropolitan Archbishop of Brisbane and he was installed on 11 May 2012 . As of 2015 he was a member of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference , Coleridge serves on that bodys permanent committee , chairs its Commission for Evangelisation , and is a member of its Commission for Church Ministry . The Australian Catholic Bishops Conference elected Coleridge one of its two delegates to the Synod on the Family in Rome in October 2015 . There he served as the relator ( reporting secretary ) for one of the four English-language working groups . In November 2017 , Coleridge was elected by Australias bishops to head their commission that will organize a plenary council of the Church in Australia in 2020 . On 4 May 2018 he was elected to a two-year term as president of the Bishops Conference . Opposition to same-sex marriage . In 2017 , during the national postal survey on same-sex marriage , Coleridge said he personally believed that the love shared by a same-sex couple could only ever be simply the love of friends . He noted that children were not permitted to marry their parents , nor siblings permitted to marry one another , though he agreed that the cases of same-sex couples and close relatives were different . He said : That is not to say that [ same-sex couples ] are not equal . Its simply saying that they are not the same and that they dont qualify for what we call marriage . |
[
"University of California , Los Angeles"
]
| easy | Where was Ralph W. Hood educated from 1963 to 1964? | /wiki/Ralph_W._Hood#P69#0 | Ralph W . Hood Ralph Wilbur Hood Jr . ( born 1942 ) is an American psychologist . He serves as Leroy A . Martin Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga , where he specializes in the psychology of religion . Life and career . Hood was born on July 12 , 1942 , in Denver , Colorado . He married his wife , Betsy , in 1960 . Hood received his Bachelor of Science degree at University of California , Los Angeles ( 1964 ) , a Master of Science degree at California State College at Los Angeles ( 1966 ) , and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at University of Nevada , Reno ( 1968 ) . Hood is a former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion ( 1995–1999 ) , and has been coeditor of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( 1992–1995 ) and Archiv für Religionpsychologie ( 2005– ) . Since 2014 he has been a member of the advisory board of Open Theology . Hood was named a fellow of division 36 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) in 1980 and served as its president in 1992 . He was awarded the Mentor Award by the division in 1996 . Hood received the William James Award from the APA in 1995 for sustained and distinguished research in the psychology of religion . He was named a fellow of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1994 and was awarded the societys Distinguished Service Award in 2000 . Research topics . Hoods mysticism scale ( M-scale ) , based on Walter Staces distinction between introverted and extroverted mysticism , was developed in the 1970s , and is a well-known research instrument for mystical experiences . Hood is also well-known for studying snake handling churches in the Appalachian Mountains . In 2008 , he co-authored a highly-cited book with W . Paul Williamson covering this area of research in-depth . Criticism . Staces work in mystical experience has received strong criticisms for its lack of methodological rigor and its perennialist pre-assumptions . Major criticism came from Steven T . Katz in his influential series of publications on mysticism and philosophy and from Wayne Proudfoot in his Religious Experience ( 1985 ) . In defense of Stace , Hood ( 2001 ) cites Robert K . C . Forman , who argues that introverted mysticism is correctly conceptualized as a common core , since it lacks all content , and is the correct basis for a perennial philosophy . Hood notes that Staces work is a conceptual approach , based on textual studies . He posits his own work as a parallel approach , based on an empirical approach , thereby placing the conceptual claims in an empirical framework , assuming that Stace is correct in his approach . Jacob van Belzen criticized Hood , noting that Hood validated the existence of a common core in mystical experiences , but based on a conceptual framework which presupposes the existence of such a common core : [ T ] he instrument used to verify Staces conceptualization of Stace is not independent of Stace , but based on him . Belzen also notes that religion does not stand on its own , but is embedded in a cultural context , which should be taken into account . To this criticism Hood et al . answer that universalistic tendencies in religious research are rooted first in inductive generalizations from cross-cultural consideration of either faith or mysticism , stating that Stace sought out texts which he recognized as an expression of mystical expression , from which he created his universal core . Hood therefore concludes that Belzen is incorrect when he claims that items were presupposed . Publications . Articles . Hood has published numerous articles on the psychology of religion and spirituality in professional journals . Books ( author ) . - , coauthored with Peter C . Hill and W . Paul Williamson . The book covers fundamentalism in different Christian sects , varying from Amish to Pentecostal and also investigates Islam . The authors seek to provide an experientially-based but empirically-minded psychological viewpoint on the concept of religious fundamentalism . - . Jimmy Morrow , a church leader and serpent handler for more than 25 years , explores his lifetime of experiences from this unique form of Christian worship and reveals its history , previously unknown outside of the small communities where these rites are practiced . Hood shares insights into the social power of these practices and explains them from within a social psychological framework . - . Hood has spent 15 years , along with W . Paul Williams , with snake handlers in Appalachia , learning about their belief systems , and has used this research to help build a psychological viewpoint on the phenomena of fundamentalism in religion . |
[
"California State College at Los Angeles"
]
| easy | Which school did Ralph W. Hood go to from 1964 to 1966? | /wiki/Ralph_W._Hood#P69#1 | Ralph W . Hood Ralph Wilbur Hood Jr . ( born 1942 ) is an American psychologist . He serves as Leroy A . Martin Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga , where he specializes in the psychology of religion . Life and career . Hood was born on July 12 , 1942 , in Denver , Colorado . He married his wife , Betsy , in 1960 . Hood received his Bachelor of Science degree at University of California , Los Angeles ( 1964 ) , a Master of Science degree at California State College at Los Angeles ( 1966 ) , and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at University of Nevada , Reno ( 1968 ) . Hood is a former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion ( 1995–1999 ) , and has been coeditor of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( 1992–1995 ) and Archiv für Religionpsychologie ( 2005– ) . Since 2014 he has been a member of the advisory board of Open Theology . Hood was named a fellow of division 36 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) in 1980 and served as its president in 1992 . He was awarded the Mentor Award by the division in 1996 . Hood received the William James Award from the APA in 1995 for sustained and distinguished research in the psychology of religion . He was named a fellow of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1994 and was awarded the societys Distinguished Service Award in 2000 . Research topics . Hoods mysticism scale ( M-scale ) , based on Walter Staces distinction between introverted and extroverted mysticism , was developed in the 1970s , and is a well-known research instrument for mystical experiences . Hood is also well-known for studying snake handling churches in the Appalachian Mountains . In 2008 , he co-authored a highly-cited book with W . Paul Williamson covering this area of research in-depth . Criticism . Staces work in mystical experience has received strong criticisms for its lack of methodological rigor and its perennialist pre-assumptions . Major criticism came from Steven T . Katz in his influential series of publications on mysticism and philosophy and from Wayne Proudfoot in his Religious Experience ( 1985 ) . In defense of Stace , Hood ( 2001 ) cites Robert K . C . Forman , who argues that introverted mysticism is correctly conceptualized as a common core , since it lacks all content , and is the correct basis for a perennial philosophy . Hood notes that Staces work is a conceptual approach , based on textual studies . He posits his own work as a parallel approach , based on an empirical approach , thereby placing the conceptual claims in an empirical framework , assuming that Stace is correct in his approach . Jacob van Belzen criticized Hood , noting that Hood validated the existence of a common core in mystical experiences , but based on a conceptual framework which presupposes the existence of such a common core : [ T ] he instrument used to verify Staces conceptualization of Stace is not independent of Stace , but based on him . Belzen also notes that religion does not stand on its own , but is embedded in a cultural context , which should be taken into account . To this criticism Hood et al . answer that universalistic tendencies in religious research are rooted first in inductive generalizations from cross-cultural consideration of either faith or mysticism , stating that Stace sought out texts which he recognized as an expression of mystical expression , from which he created his universal core . Hood therefore concludes that Belzen is incorrect when he claims that items were presupposed . Publications . Articles . Hood has published numerous articles on the psychology of religion and spirituality in professional journals . Books ( author ) . - , coauthored with Peter C . Hill and W . Paul Williamson . The book covers fundamentalism in different Christian sects , varying from Amish to Pentecostal and also investigates Islam . The authors seek to provide an experientially-based but empirically-minded psychological viewpoint on the concept of religious fundamentalism . - . Jimmy Morrow , a church leader and serpent handler for more than 25 years , explores his lifetime of experiences from this unique form of Christian worship and reveals its history , previously unknown outside of the small communities where these rites are practiced . Hood shares insights into the social power of these practices and explains them from within a social psychological framework . - . Hood has spent 15 years , along with W . Paul Williams , with snake handlers in Appalachia , learning about their belief systems , and has used this research to help build a psychological viewpoint on the phenomena of fundamentalism in religion . |
[
"University of Nevada , Reno"
]
| easy | Where was Ralph W. Hood educated in 1966? | /wiki/Ralph_W._Hood#P69#2 | Ralph W . Hood Ralph Wilbur Hood Jr . ( born 1942 ) is an American psychologist . He serves as Leroy A . Martin Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga , where he specializes in the psychology of religion . Life and career . Hood was born on July 12 , 1942 , in Denver , Colorado . He married his wife , Betsy , in 1960 . Hood received his Bachelor of Science degree at University of California , Los Angeles ( 1964 ) , a Master of Science degree at California State College at Los Angeles ( 1966 ) , and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at University of Nevada , Reno ( 1968 ) . Hood is a former editor of the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion ( 1995–1999 ) , and has been coeditor of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion ( 1992–1995 ) and Archiv für Religionpsychologie ( 2005– ) . Since 2014 he has been a member of the advisory board of Open Theology . Hood was named a fellow of division 36 of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) in 1980 and served as its president in 1992 . He was awarded the Mentor Award by the division in 1996 . Hood received the William James Award from the APA in 1995 for sustained and distinguished research in the psychology of religion . He was named a fellow of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1994 and was awarded the societys Distinguished Service Award in 2000 . Research topics . Hoods mysticism scale ( M-scale ) , based on Walter Staces distinction between introverted and extroverted mysticism , was developed in the 1970s , and is a well-known research instrument for mystical experiences . Hood is also well-known for studying snake handling churches in the Appalachian Mountains . In 2008 , he co-authored a highly-cited book with W . Paul Williamson covering this area of research in-depth . Criticism . Staces work in mystical experience has received strong criticisms for its lack of methodological rigor and its perennialist pre-assumptions . Major criticism came from Steven T . Katz in his influential series of publications on mysticism and philosophy and from Wayne Proudfoot in his Religious Experience ( 1985 ) . In defense of Stace , Hood ( 2001 ) cites Robert K . C . Forman , who argues that introverted mysticism is correctly conceptualized as a common core , since it lacks all content , and is the correct basis for a perennial philosophy . Hood notes that Staces work is a conceptual approach , based on textual studies . He posits his own work as a parallel approach , based on an empirical approach , thereby placing the conceptual claims in an empirical framework , assuming that Stace is correct in his approach . Jacob van Belzen criticized Hood , noting that Hood validated the existence of a common core in mystical experiences , but based on a conceptual framework which presupposes the existence of such a common core : [ T ] he instrument used to verify Staces conceptualization of Stace is not independent of Stace , but based on him . Belzen also notes that religion does not stand on its own , but is embedded in a cultural context , which should be taken into account . To this criticism Hood et al . answer that universalistic tendencies in religious research are rooted first in inductive generalizations from cross-cultural consideration of either faith or mysticism , stating that Stace sought out texts which he recognized as an expression of mystical expression , from which he created his universal core . Hood therefore concludes that Belzen is incorrect when he claims that items were presupposed . Publications . Articles . Hood has published numerous articles on the psychology of religion and spirituality in professional journals . Books ( author ) . - , coauthored with Peter C . Hill and W . Paul Williamson . The book covers fundamentalism in different Christian sects , varying from Amish to Pentecostal and also investigates Islam . The authors seek to provide an experientially-based but empirically-minded psychological viewpoint on the concept of religious fundamentalism . - . Jimmy Morrow , a church leader and serpent handler for more than 25 years , explores his lifetime of experiences from this unique form of Christian worship and reveals its history , previously unknown outside of the small communities where these rites are practiced . Hood shares insights into the social power of these practices and explains them from within a social psychological framework . - . Hood has spent 15 years , along with W . Paul Williams , with snake handlers in Appalachia , learning about their belief systems , and has used this research to help build a psychological viewpoint on the phenomena of fundamentalism in religion . |
[
"Credit National"
]
| easy | What was the name of the employer Antoine Frérot work for from 1988 to 1990? | /wiki/Antoine_Frérot#P108#0 | Antoine Frérot Antoine Frérot ( born June 3 , 1958 ) is a French businessman . Since 2009 , he is the chief executive officer of Veolia Environment . Education . Having graduated from École Polytechnique in 1977 , he enrolled at École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées , where he obtained a PhD in civil engineering . During his 7-years at the university , he co-founded a research laboratory dedicated to the study of environmental sciences , with an emphasis on hydrology . Early career . In 1981 , Frérot began working as engineer and researcher at the Central Research Office for French Overseas Departments and Territories , a company specialized in big development projects . Two years later , he joined CERGRENE , a think-tank affiliated with his alma mater , where he served as project manager and then associate director from 1984 to 1988 . Between 1988 and 1990 , Frérot worked at Credit National as finance operations manager for major transport , aerospace and heavy machinery enterprises . In 1995 , 5 years after he joined Compagnie Générale des Eaux ( originally as its task-force director ) , Frérot became the CEO of Compagnie General of Automobile Enterprises and CGEA Transport . In June 2000 , he was appointed as a board member of Vivendi Environnement and CEO of CONNEX , the transport division of the group . Since 2003 , Frérot has served as CEO of Veolia Water , as well as assistant director-general , and member of the board of executive directors , of Veolia Environnement . Career at Veolia . In 2009 , Frérot was nominated to be the CEO of the Veolia group . Soon after Henri Proglio , the former director-general , stepped down in November to join Électricité de France , Frérot took over as the companys CEO . In addition to that , on December 12 , 2010 , he also became the Chairman of Veolia Environnement . Frérots goal is to manage a focused and reactive enterprise whose activities are aligned with demands of the market and piloted by the State . As he explains : Veolia’s culture is based on the strategy of decentralization , subsidiarity , and entrepreneurship . In 2013 , Frérot began to reorganize the Group in order to adopt a more international model . While doing that , he changed the marketing strategy so as to direct the company towards high-volume markets with greater surplus value ( difficult to eradicate pollution , circular economies , a bigger clientele ) . Frérots strategy encompasses progressive disengagement from transport activities , in favor of the French Deposits and Consignments Fund , as well as decreased international expansion , limited to approximately forty countries . The strategy allowed the group to spur positive growth , yielding revenue of positive 394 million Euro , in contrast to negative 489 million reported as per 2011 . In December 2012 , Frérot announced Veolias plans to develop new , comprehensive technologies allowing to predict pollution . Second Mandate at the Head of Veolia : 2014 – 2018 . On February 26 , 2014 , Veolias administrative council decided to renew Frérots mandate until 2018 in order to finalize the process of restructuring of the Group . In September 2014 , Frérot spoke at the annual Climate Summit in New York . In the spirit of his tagline , modern mankind is living on ecological credit , he called on the participating enterprises and organizations to support projects favoring a sound and stable price of CO2 . According to Frérot , the carbon price should be the core of environmental politics , and a way to tackle climate change that would simultaneously enable economic growth . In January 2015 , Frérot participated in the World Economic Summit in Davos , where he proposed circular economy as another way for sustainable development . Quoting European Resource Efficiency Platform , Frérot advocated circular economy both as a means to reduce consumption of raw materials by 20% , and a source of 1.4 to 2.8 million potential jobs . In 2018 , he promotes the need for companies to have a Purpose , with a strong conviction : It is because a company is useful that it is prosperous , and not the other way around . Under his leadership , the Veolia Group achieved a turnover of 25.9 billion euros in 2018 ( + 6.5% over one year ) with a profitability up 7.3% ( to 3.4 billion Ebitda ) . More than half of this growth is the result of new activities identified as strategic , such as the circular economy , energy efficiency , the treatment of difficult pollution , the management of end-of-life industrial equipment . Third term at the head of Veolia : since 2018 . In 2019 , it is under his leadership that Veolia becomes one of the first companies to share its Purpose . For Antoine Frérot , Veolias Purpose is to contribute to human progress , by resolutely subscribing to the UNs Sustainable Development Goals , in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all . Other Mandates . - President of ANVIE : lAssociation nationale de valorisation interdisciplinaire de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales auprès des entreprises ( National Association for Promotion of Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the Business Sector ) . Arts . In September 2014 , Frérot became the honorary president of Parcours de mondes for the 13th edition of Salon international des Arts Premiers ( International Salon of Tribal Arts ) . Frérot is an art collector , especially fond of tribal arts : Like many enthusiasts , I discovered tribal art through modern painting and sculpture ; in other words through its forms . Gradually , as I became more familiar with these objects , this attraction to form changed to an appreciation of the powerful presence of these works . Awards . - Legion of Honour – Chevalier ( 2003 ) - National Order of Merit – Officer ( 2011 ) Publications . - Towards a Culture of Responsibility . Durham , NH : U of New Hampshire , 2011 . Print . ( ) |
[
"Compagnie Générale des Eaux"
]
| easy | Antoine Frérot was an employee for whom from 1990 to 1995? | /wiki/Antoine_Frérot#P108#1 | Antoine Frérot Antoine Frérot ( born June 3 , 1958 ) is a French businessman . Since 2009 , he is the chief executive officer of Veolia Environment . Education . Having graduated from École Polytechnique in 1977 , he enrolled at École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées , where he obtained a PhD in civil engineering . During his 7-years at the university , he co-founded a research laboratory dedicated to the study of environmental sciences , with an emphasis on hydrology . Early career . In 1981 , Frérot began working as engineer and researcher at the Central Research Office for French Overseas Departments and Territories , a company specialized in big development projects . Two years later , he joined CERGRENE , a think-tank affiliated with his alma mater , where he served as project manager and then associate director from 1984 to 1988 . Between 1988 and 1990 , Frérot worked at Credit National as finance operations manager for major transport , aerospace and heavy machinery enterprises . In 1995 , 5 years after he joined Compagnie Générale des Eaux ( originally as its task-force director ) , Frérot became the CEO of Compagnie General of Automobile Enterprises and CGEA Transport . In June 2000 , he was appointed as a board member of Vivendi Environnement and CEO of CONNEX , the transport division of the group . Since 2003 , Frérot has served as CEO of Veolia Water , as well as assistant director-general , and member of the board of executive directors , of Veolia Environnement . Career at Veolia . In 2009 , Frérot was nominated to be the CEO of the Veolia group . Soon after Henri Proglio , the former director-general , stepped down in November to join Électricité de France , Frérot took over as the companys CEO . In addition to that , on December 12 , 2010 , he also became the Chairman of Veolia Environnement . Frérots goal is to manage a focused and reactive enterprise whose activities are aligned with demands of the market and piloted by the State . As he explains : Veolia’s culture is based on the strategy of decentralization , subsidiarity , and entrepreneurship . In 2013 , Frérot began to reorganize the Group in order to adopt a more international model . While doing that , he changed the marketing strategy so as to direct the company towards high-volume markets with greater surplus value ( difficult to eradicate pollution , circular economies , a bigger clientele ) . Frérots strategy encompasses progressive disengagement from transport activities , in favor of the French Deposits and Consignments Fund , as well as decreased international expansion , limited to approximately forty countries . The strategy allowed the group to spur positive growth , yielding revenue of positive 394 million Euro , in contrast to negative 489 million reported as per 2011 . In December 2012 , Frérot announced Veolias plans to develop new , comprehensive technologies allowing to predict pollution . Second Mandate at the Head of Veolia : 2014 – 2018 . On February 26 , 2014 , Veolias administrative council decided to renew Frérots mandate until 2018 in order to finalize the process of restructuring of the Group . In September 2014 , Frérot spoke at the annual Climate Summit in New York . In the spirit of his tagline , modern mankind is living on ecological credit , he called on the participating enterprises and organizations to support projects favoring a sound and stable price of CO2 . According to Frérot , the carbon price should be the core of environmental politics , and a way to tackle climate change that would simultaneously enable economic growth . In January 2015 , Frérot participated in the World Economic Summit in Davos , where he proposed circular economy as another way for sustainable development . Quoting European Resource Efficiency Platform , Frérot advocated circular economy both as a means to reduce consumption of raw materials by 20% , and a source of 1.4 to 2.8 million potential jobs . In 2018 , he promotes the need for companies to have a Purpose , with a strong conviction : It is because a company is useful that it is prosperous , and not the other way around . Under his leadership , the Veolia Group achieved a turnover of 25.9 billion euros in 2018 ( + 6.5% over one year ) with a profitability up 7.3% ( to 3.4 billion Ebitda ) . More than half of this growth is the result of new activities identified as strategic , such as the circular economy , energy efficiency , the treatment of difficult pollution , the management of end-of-life industrial equipment . Third term at the head of Veolia : since 2018 . In 2019 , it is under his leadership that Veolia becomes one of the first companies to share its Purpose . For Antoine Frérot , Veolias Purpose is to contribute to human progress , by resolutely subscribing to the UNs Sustainable Development Goals , in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all . Other Mandates . - President of ANVIE : lAssociation nationale de valorisation interdisciplinaire de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales auprès des entreprises ( National Association for Promotion of Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the Business Sector ) . Arts . In September 2014 , Frérot became the honorary president of Parcours de mondes for the 13th edition of Salon international des Arts Premiers ( International Salon of Tribal Arts ) . Frérot is an art collector , especially fond of tribal arts : Like many enthusiasts , I discovered tribal art through modern painting and sculpture ; in other words through its forms . Gradually , as I became more familiar with these objects , this attraction to form changed to an appreciation of the powerful presence of these works . Awards . - Legion of Honour – Chevalier ( 2003 ) - National Order of Merit – Officer ( 2011 ) Publications . - Towards a Culture of Responsibility . Durham , NH : U of New Hampshire , 2011 . Print . ( ) |
[
""
]
| easy | Which employer did Antoine Frérot work for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Antoine_Frérot#P108#2 | Antoine Frérot Antoine Frérot ( born June 3 , 1958 ) is a French businessman . Since 2009 , he is the chief executive officer of Veolia Environment . Education . Having graduated from École Polytechnique in 1977 , he enrolled at École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées , where he obtained a PhD in civil engineering . During his 7-years at the university , he co-founded a research laboratory dedicated to the study of environmental sciences , with an emphasis on hydrology . Early career . In 1981 , Frérot began working as engineer and researcher at the Central Research Office for French Overseas Departments and Territories , a company specialized in big development projects . Two years later , he joined CERGRENE , a think-tank affiliated with his alma mater , where he served as project manager and then associate director from 1984 to 1988 . Between 1988 and 1990 , Frérot worked at Credit National as finance operations manager for major transport , aerospace and heavy machinery enterprises . In 1995 , 5 years after he joined Compagnie Générale des Eaux ( originally as its task-force director ) , Frérot became the CEO of Compagnie General of Automobile Enterprises and CGEA Transport . In June 2000 , he was appointed as a board member of Vivendi Environnement and CEO of CONNEX , the transport division of the group . Since 2003 , Frérot has served as CEO of Veolia Water , as well as assistant director-general , and member of the board of executive directors , of Veolia Environnement . Career at Veolia . In 2009 , Frérot was nominated to be the CEO of the Veolia group . Soon after Henri Proglio , the former director-general , stepped down in November to join Électricité de France , Frérot took over as the companys CEO . In addition to that , on December 12 , 2010 , he also became the Chairman of Veolia Environnement . Frérots goal is to manage a focused and reactive enterprise whose activities are aligned with demands of the market and piloted by the State . As he explains : Veolia’s culture is based on the strategy of decentralization , subsidiarity , and entrepreneurship . In 2013 , Frérot began to reorganize the Group in order to adopt a more international model . While doing that , he changed the marketing strategy so as to direct the company towards high-volume markets with greater surplus value ( difficult to eradicate pollution , circular economies , a bigger clientele ) . Frérots strategy encompasses progressive disengagement from transport activities , in favor of the French Deposits and Consignments Fund , as well as decreased international expansion , limited to approximately forty countries . The strategy allowed the group to spur positive growth , yielding revenue of positive 394 million Euro , in contrast to negative 489 million reported as per 2011 . In December 2012 , Frérot announced Veolias plans to develop new , comprehensive technologies allowing to predict pollution . Second Mandate at the Head of Veolia : 2014 – 2018 . On February 26 , 2014 , Veolias administrative council decided to renew Frérots mandate until 2018 in order to finalize the process of restructuring of the Group . In September 2014 , Frérot spoke at the annual Climate Summit in New York . In the spirit of his tagline , modern mankind is living on ecological credit , he called on the participating enterprises and organizations to support projects favoring a sound and stable price of CO2 . According to Frérot , the carbon price should be the core of environmental politics , and a way to tackle climate change that would simultaneously enable economic growth . In January 2015 , Frérot participated in the World Economic Summit in Davos , where he proposed circular economy as another way for sustainable development . Quoting European Resource Efficiency Platform , Frérot advocated circular economy both as a means to reduce consumption of raw materials by 20% , and a source of 1.4 to 2.8 million potential jobs . In 2018 , he promotes the need for companies to have a Purpose , with a strong conviction : It is because a company is useful that it is prosperous , and not the other way around . Under his leadership , the Veolia Group achieved a turnover of 25.9 billion euros in 2018 ( + 6.5% over one year ) with a profitability up 7.3% ( to 3.4 billion Ebitda ) . More than half of this growth is the result of new activities identified as strategic , such as the circular economy , energy efficiency , the treatment of difficult pollution , the management of end-of-life industrial equipment . Third term at the head of Veolia : since 2018 . In 2019 , it is under his leadership that Veolia becomes one of the first companies to share its Purpose . For Antoine Frérot , Veolias Purpose is to contribute to human progress , by resolutely subscribing to the UNs Sustainable Development Goals , in order to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all . Other Mandates . - President of ANVIE : lAssociation nationale de valorisation interdisciplinaire de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales auprès des entreprises ( National Association for Promotion of Interdisciplinary Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the Business Sector ) . Arts . In September 2014 , Frérot became the honorary president of Parcours de mondes for the 13th edition of Salon international des Arts Premiers ( International Salon of Tribal Arts ) . Frérot is an art collector , especially fond of tribal arts : Like many enthusiasts , I discovered tribal art through modern painting and sculpture ; in other words through its forms . Gradually , as I became more familiar with these objects , this attraction to form changed to an appreciation of the powerful presence of these works . Awards . - Legion of Honour – Chevalier ( 2003 ) - National Order of Merit – Officer ( 2011 ) Publications . - Towards a Culture of Responsibility . Durham , NH : U of New Hampshire , 2011 . Print . ( ) |
[
"Acireale"
]
| easy | Walter Mazzarri was the coach of which team from Jul 2001 to Jun 2002? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#0 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Pistoiese"
]
| easy | Which team was coached by Walter Mazzarri from Jul 2002 to Jun 2003? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#1 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Livorno"
]
| easy | Which team was coached by Walter Mazzarri from Jul 2003 to Jun 2004? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#2 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Reggina"
]
| easy | Walter Mazzarri was the coach of which team from Jul 2004 to May 2007? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#3 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Sampdoria"
]
| easy | Walter Mazzarri was the coach of which team from Jul 2007 to Jun 2009? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#4 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Napoli"
]
| easy | Walter Mazzarri was the coach of which team from Oct 2009 to May 2013? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#5 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Inter"
]
| easy | Which team was coached by Walter Mazzarri from May 2013 to Nov 2014? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#6 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Watford"
]
| easy | Walter Mazzarri was the coach of which team from Jul 2016 to May 2017? | /wiki/Walter_Mazzarri#P6087#7 | Walter Mazzarri Walter Mazzarri ( ; born 1 October 1961 ) is an Italian former footballer and head coach . After coaching several smaller Italian sides , Mazzarri took up a managerial position with Sampdoria in 2007 ; with the help of the attacking partnership of Antonio Cassano and Giampaolo Pazzini , he led the team to qualify for the UEFA Cup in his first season , and subsequently reached the Coppa Italia final the next year . In 2009 , he joined Napoli , where he implemented a 3–4–3 formation with which he later became associated . With the attacking trio of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Edinson Cavani and Marek Hamšík , he helped the team qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the first time in the clubs history in 2011 , and won the Coppa Italia the following season , the clubs first trophy in over 20 years . In his final season with the team , he managed a second-place finish in Serie A , the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . In 2013 , he moved to Internazionale , but was later sacked halfway through his second season with the club . He later managed Torino in Serie A , and had one year in charge of Watford in Englands Premier League in 2016–17 . Playing career . Mazzarri , a midfielder and a product of Fiorentinas youth system , made his professional debut in 1981 for Pescara of Serie B , and played a short Serie A stint in Cagliari the following season , before being sold to Reggiana . He had his longest period at Empoli , who won promotion to Serie A for the first time during his time with the Tuscan side . After several spells with mostly minor teams , including a two-year stint with Acireale where he was part of the team who won a historic first promotion to Serie B , and then playing in the Italian second tier in 1993–94 , Mazzarri ended his playing career in 1995 with Sassari Torres . Managerial career . Early years . Mazzarri started his coaching career as Renzo Ulivieris assistant at Napoli in 1998 . His first spell in charge came in 2001–02 for Sicilian Serie C2 team Acireale , where he had been a player from 1992 to 1994 . Subsequently , he returned to his native Tuscany to coach Pistoiese of Serie C1 in 2002–03 and Livorno of Serie B in 2003–04 , bringing the amaranto led by Cristiano Lucarelli back to Serie A . He was coach of Reggina from 2004 to 2007 , leading the Calabrian side to Serie A survival in three consecutive seasons , the last obtained on the final day of the season despite an 11-point deduction . In May 2007 , Mazzarri was made an honorary citizen of Reggio Calabria , after helping the club avoid relegation during the 2006–07 Serie A season . Sampdoria . On 31 May 2007 he was announced as new Sampdoria coach . He served as Sampdoria boss for two seasons , overseeing a considerable improvement in results , thanks to the likes of the attacking duo of Antonio Cassano , who publicly praised Mazzarris coaching abilities , and Giampaolo Pazzini . Sampdorias 2007–08 campaign ended in an impressive sixth place , which ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup . Mazzarris fortunes declined slightly in 2008–09 , as the blucerchiati ended their campaign in 13th place ; despite this , he managed to guide his team into the Coppa Italia Final , notably defeating champions Inter 3–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals , before losing on penalties to Lazio in the final . Mazzarri left Sampdoria by mutual consent at the end of the 2008–09 season . Napoli . On 6 October 2009 he was appointed manager of Napoli , replacing Roberto Donadoni . He finished his debut season in sixth place in Serie A , and was handed a new three-year contract at the end of the campaign . In 2010–11 , Mazzarris Napoli finished third in the league and qualified directly for the group phase of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League – their first time in Europes premier competition in 21 years . His team were known for an attacking 3–4–3 formation with a frontline of Ezequiel Lavezzi , Marek Hamšík and Edinson Cavani . They finished second in their Champions League group , behind Bayern Munich but ahead of Manchester City and Villareal , to meet Chelsea in the last 16 . Napoli won 3–1 at home in the first leg ; they were subsequently beaten 4–1 at Stamford Bridge after extra time , being eliminated by the eventual champions . Napoli won the 2012 Coppa Italia Final over undefeated league champions Juventus on 20 May ; this was Juventuss only loss of the season , and Napolis first title in over 20 years . On 11 August that year , the club suffered a controversial 4–2 extra-time defeat to Juventus in the 2012 Supercoppa Italiana , which saw two Napoli players sent off as well as Mazzarri . He left the Azzurri on 19 May 2013 , after leading them to a 2nd-place finish and a spot in the Champions League at the end of the 2012–13 Serie A season ; this was the clubs best league finish in over 20 years . Inter . Mazzarri was officially appointed as the Inter manager on 24 May 2013 , after Andrea Stramaccioni was dismissed for a poor performance in the 2012–13 season . On 2 July 2014 , he signed a one-year extension to tie him to the team until 30 June 2016 . He was sacked by Inter after a series of disappointing results on 14 November 2014 , leaving the club in ninth place . He parted with the club before the 12th matchday , while they were five points below their season objective of the third position . Watford . On 21 May 2016 , Watford confirmed they had reached an agreement with Mazzarri to become Head Coach from 1 July 2016 on a three-year contract . He joined a club owned by his compatriot Giampaolo Pozzo , and worked without being able to speak English . Mazzarri secured Watfords Premier League status that season , finishing one place above relegation in 17th , a four-place dip on their previous campaign . It was announced on 17 May 2017 that his contract would be terminated at the end of his first season at the club . Torino . On 4 January 2018 , Mazzarri was appointed manager of Torino , replacing Siniša Mihajlović . With a 7th-place finish in 2018–19 he led the Granata to the UEFA Europa League , where they were eliminated in the play-off round by Wolverhampton Wanderers . On 4 February 2020 , Mazzarri was dismissed following back-to-back 7–0 and 4–0 defeats to Atalanta and Lecce , respectively . Honours . Manager . - Sampdoria - Coppa Italia Runner-up : 2008–09 - Napoli - Coppa Italia : 2011–12 - Supercoppa Italiana Runner-up : 2012 - Serie A Runner-up : 2012–13 - Individual - Enzo Bearzot Award : 2012 |
[
"Cary Grant"
]
| easy | Who was Barbara Hutton 's spouse from Jul 1942 to Aug 1945? | /wiki/Barbara_Hutton#P26#0 | Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton ( November 14 , 1912 – May 11 , 1979 ) was an American debutante , socialite , heiress , and philanthropist . She was dubbed the Poor Little Rich Girl : first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 amid the Great Depression , and later due to a notoriously troubled private life . Heiress to one-third of the estate of the retail tycoon Frank Winfield Woolworth , Barbara Hutton was one of the wealthiest women in the world . She endured a childhood marked by the early loss of her mother at age four to suicide and the neglect of her father , setting the stage for a life of difficulty forming relationships . Married and divorced seven times , she acquired grand foreign titles but was maliciously treated and often exploited by several of her husbands . Publicly she was much envied for her possessions , her beauty and her apparent life of leisure ; privately she remained deeply insecure , often taking refuge in drink , drugs , and playboys . Hutton had one child , Lance Reventlow , with her second husband , but was an inconsistent and insecure parent and the subsequent divorce ended in a bitter custody battle . She later developed anorexia nervosa and perhaps thereby prevented further childbirth . Her son died in a plane crash in 1972 at the age of 36 , leaving her devastated . She died on May 11 , 1979 , at age 66 . At her death , the formerly wealthy Hutton was on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of both lavish spending and exploitation by those entrusted to manage her estate . Early life . Born in New York City , Barbara Hutton was the only child of Edna Woolworth ( 1883–1917 ) , a daughter of Frank W . Woolworth , the founder of the successful Woolworth five-and-dime stores . Barbaras father was Franklyn Laws Hutton ( 1877–1940 ) , a wealthy co-founder of E . F . Hutton & Company ( owned by Franklyns brother Edward Francis Hutton ) , a respected New York investment banking and stock brokerage firm . She was a niece by marriage of cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post , who was for a time ( 1920–1935 ) married to E.F . Hutton ; thus their daughter , actress-heiress Dina Merrill ( born Nedenia Hutton ) , was a first cousin to Barbara Hutton . Dina Merrill related on A&Es Biography of the Woolworths , that for a time Barbara lived with them following the death of her mother and abandonment by her father . Edna Hutton reportedly died on May 2 , 1917 , age 33 , from suffocation due to mastoiditis , but rumor persists that she committed suicide by poison in despair over her husbands philandering , especially as the coroner decided that no autopsy was necessary . Four-year-old Barbara discovered her mothers body . After her mothers death , she lived with various relatives , and was raised by a governess . Hutton attended Miss Hewitts Classes , now The Hewitt School in New Yorks Lenox Hill neighborhood and Miss Porters School for Girls in Farmington , Connecticut . She became an introverted child who had limited interaction with other children of her own age . Her closest friend and only confidante was her cousin Jimmy Donahue , the son of her mothers sister . Jimmy Donahue inherited a portion of the Woolworth estate with Barbara and also grew up to have notorious , and public , drug , alcohol and relationship problems . In 1924 , Barbara Huttons grandmother Jennie ( Creighton ) Woolworth died and bequeathed to her $26.1 million . Another $2.1 million in stock from Ednas inheritance was placed in a separate trust - both trusts were administered by Franklyn Hutton . By the time of her 21st birthday in 1933 , her father had increased her inheritance to $42 million ( over $1 billion in 2020 ) , not including the additional $8 million from her mothers estate , making her one of the wealthiest women in the world . In accordance with New Yorks high society traditions , Barbara Hutton was given a lavish débutante ball in 1930 on her 18th birthday , where guests from the Astor and Rockefeller families , amongst other elites , were entertained by stars such as Rudy Vallee and Maurice Chevalier . The ball cost $60,000 , a veritable fortune in the days of the Depression . Public criticism was so severe that she was sent on a tour of Europe to escape the onslaught of the press . She lived in the family home at 4 East 80th Street on the Upper East Side . Marriages . Popular poet Ogden Nash then took note of Huttons public private life in the following light verse : Said Aimee McPherson to Barbara Hutton, How do you get a marriage to button? Youll have to ask some other person. Said Barbara Hutton to Aimee McPherson Barbara Hutton married : 1 . 1933 : Alexis Mdivani , a self-styled Georgian prince , divorced 1935 2 . 1935 : Count Kurt Heinrich Eberhard Erdmann Georg von Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow , divorced 1938 3 . 1942 : Cary Grant , divorced 1945 4 . 1947 : Prince Igor Troubetzkoy , divorced 1951 5 . 1953 : Porfirio Rubirosa , divorced 1954 6 . 1955 : Baron Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt von Cramm , divorced 1959 7 . 1964 : Pierre Raymond Doan , divorced 1966 Alexis Mdivani . Her first husband , Alexis Mdivani , used her great wealth to his advantage . As a social climber , he and his siblings were part of the Marrying Mdivanis from Georgia who claimed to be princes after they fled Tbilisi in 1921 due to the Soviet invasion of Georgia . Alexis was already married to Louise Van Alen , a friend Barbara met at Baileys Beach in Rhode Island and a member of the Astor family , when he met Barbara in Biarritz , France . Their meeting was engineered by Alexis manipulative sister Roussie who was always propelling her family into wealthy marriages even if a divorce was required . Roussie and Alexis devised a plan that would enable Alexis to divorce Louise , seduce Barbara , and force her into marriage all at once when Alexis , Louise , Barbara , Roussie , and others were visiting San Sebastian , Spain . Roussie timed Louise and other witnesses to a visit a guest cottage while Alexis seduced Barbara . The group caught the couple , prompting Barbara to flee to Paris to avoid facing the scandal , but Roussie threatened Barbara with negative publicity if she did not marry her brother . Alexis and Barbara were married on June 22 , 1933 , in the Russian Orthodox Church in Paris , France . Barbaras father provided a $1 million dowry . After spending millions of Barbaras inheritance on a home , polo ponies , clothes and mens jewelry , Alexis and Barbara divorced in March , 1935 . Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow . Count Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow , with whom she had her only child , a son named Lance , was her second husband . Reventlow dominated her through verbal and physical abuse , which escalated to a savage beating that left her hospitalized and put him in jail . He also persuaded her to give up her American citizenship , and to take his native Danish citizenship for tax purposes , which she did in December 1937 in a New York federal court . At this point she lapsed into drug abuse . Hutton then developed anorexia , which would plague her for the rest of her life and would leave her unable to have further children . Lance Reventlow , the son , became a race car driver and builder of his own well-respected sports car , the Scarab , in the golden age of American sports car racing . Huttons divorce from Reventlow gave her custody of their son after a bitter court dispute . As her father had done , she left the raising of her child to a governess and private boarding schools . In 1938 , Hutton had a brief affair with Howard Hughes in London at the Savoy Hotel , where Hughes spent several afternoons in Huttons round satin bed . Hughes , at the time , was engaged to Katharine Hepburn and had come to London to meet with government officials and arrange permission to overfly Europe as part of a plan to circumnavigate the globe by air . Hutton later recalled that he saw I had difficulty reaching orgasm and tried desperately to make me do so the first time . . . thereafter pleasing himself and saying that I would not have one anyway . If I touched myself , he angrily brushed my hand away . He could not take it when a woman lost herself in pleasure because he felt he must absolutely be in control of a situation . Hughes had met Hepburn on the set of one of Cary Grants movies , while visiting with Grant . Howard Hughes and Cary Grant were close , long-time friends . Cary Grant . As World War II threatened in 1939 , Hutton moved to California . She was active during the war , giving money to assist the Free French Forces and donating her yacht to the Royal Navy . Using her high-profile image to sell war bonds , she received positive publicity after being derided by the press as a result of her marriage scandals . In Hollywood , she met Cary Grant , one of the biggest movie stars of the day , and later married him on July 8 , 1942 . The press dubbed the married couple Cash and Cary , though Grant did not need her money nor did he need to benefit from her name , and he appeared to genuinely care for Hutton . Nevertheless , this marriage also failed . Grant did not seek or receive any money from Hutton in their divorce settlement . Igor Troubetzkoy . Hutton left California and moved to Paris , France , before acquiring a palace in Tangier . Hutton then began dating Igor Troubetzkoy , an expatriate Russian prince of very limited means but world renown . In the spring of 1948 in Zurich , Switzerland , she married him . That year , he was the driver of the first Ferrari to ever compete in Grand Prix motor racing when he raced in the Monaco Grand Prix , and later won the Targa Florio . He ultimately filed for divorce . Huttons subsequent attempted suicide made headlines around the world . Labeled by the press as the Poor Little Rich Girl , her life made great copy and the media exploited her for consumption by a fascinated public . Porfirio Rubirosa . Her next marriage , lasting 53 days ( December 30 , 1953 – February 20 , 1954 ) , was to Dominican diplomat Porfirio Rubirosa , a notorious international playboy who meanwhile continued his affair with actress Zsa Zsa Gabor . She was granted Dominican citizenship in 1953 . In a scathing review of the marriage ceremony in the Milwaukee Sentinel , Phyllis Battelle coined the oft-quoted phrase : The bride , for her fifth wedding , wore black and carried a scotch-and-soda . Hutton then spent time with Americans James Douglas and Philip Van Rensselaer . Her lavish spending continued ; already the owner of several mansions around the world , in 1959 she built a luxurious Japanese-style palace on a 30-acre ( 120,000 m ) estate in Cuernavaca , Mexico . Gottfried von Cramm . Her next husband was an old friend , German tennis star Baron Gottfried von Cramm . This marriage also ended in divorce . He died in an automobile crash near Cairo , Egypt , in 1976 . Raymond Doan . In Tangier , Hutton met her seventh husband , Prince Pierre Raymond Doan Vinh na Champassak . This marriage , too , was short-lived . Raymond Doan was an adopted member of the former royal family of the Kingdom of Champasak . Other relationships . Hutton lived with Frederick McEvoy , purchasing a chalet at a ski resort in Franconia , New Hampshire , after her marriage to actor Cary Grant . The couple never married and remained friends until McEvoys death in 1951 . Hutton frequently appeared intoxicated in public and was notorious throughout her life for lavish spending . She was known to make gifts to total strangers . Art and jewelry . Over the years , apart from an important inheritance which included Old Master paintings and important sculptures , she also personally acquired a magnificent collection of her own which included the spectrum of arts , porcelain , valuable jewelry , including elaborate historic pieces that had once belonged to Marie Antoinette and Empress Eugénie of France , and important pieces by Fabergé and Cartier . Among her pieces of jewelry was the Pasha Diamond , which she purchased as an unusual octagonal brilliant-cut but had recut into a round brilliant , bringing it down to . Final years and death . The death of her only son Lance Reventlow in an air crash in 1972 sent Hutton into a state of despair . By this time , her fortune had diminished , due to her extreme generosity , including donating Winfield House to the United States government as a residence for its UK ambassador . Alleged questionable deals by her longtime lawyer , Graham Mattison , also ate away at her fortune . Eventually she began liquidating assets in order to raise funds to live , yet continued to spend money on strangers willing to pay a little attention to her . She spent her final years in Los Angeles , living at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel , where she died from a heart attack in May 1979 , aged 66 . One biographer wrote that , at her death , $3,500 was all that remained of her fortune , but some who actually knew her said that was not the case . She was interred in the Woolworth family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx , New York . |
[
"Igor Troubetzkoy"
]
| easy | Who was Barbara Hutton 's spouse from Mar 1947 to Oct 1951? | /wiki/Barbara_Hutton#P26#1 | Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton ( November 14 , 1912 – May 11 , 1979 ) was an American debutante , socialite , heiress , and philanthropist . She was dubbed the Poor Little Rich Girl : first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 amid the Great Depression , and later due to a notoriously troubled private life . Heiress to one-third of the estate of the retail tycoon Frank Winfield Woolworth , Barbara Hutton was one of the wealthiest women in the world . She endured a childhood marked by the early loss of her mother at age four to suicide and the neglect of her father , setting the stage for a life of difficulty forming relationships . Married and divorced seven times , she acquired grand foreign titles but was maliciously treated and often exploited by several of her husbands . Publicly she was much envied for her possessions , her beauty and her apparent life of leisure ; privately she remained deeply insecure , often taking refuge in drink , drugs , and playboys . Hutton had one child , Lance Reventlow , with her second husband , but was an inconsistent and insecure parent and the subsequent divorce ended in a bitter custody battle . She later developed anorexia nervosa and perhaps thereby prevented further childbirth . Her son died in a plane crash in 1972 at the age of 36 , leaving her devastated . She died on May 11 , 1979 , at age 66 . At her death , the formerly wealthy Hutton was on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of both lavish spending and exploitation by those entrusted to manage her estate . Early life . Born in New York City , Barbara Hutton was the only child of Edna Woolworth ( 1883–1917 ) , a daughter of Frank W . Woolworth , the founder of the successful Woolworth five-and-dime stores . Barbaras father was Franklyn Laws Hutton ( 1877–1940 ) , a wealthy co-founder of E . F . Hutton & Company ( owned by Franklyns brother Edward Francis Hutton ) , a respected New York investment banking and stock brokerage firm . She was a niece by marriage of cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post , who was for a time ( 1920–1935 ) married to E.F . Hutton ; thus their daughter , actress-heiress Dina Merrill ( born Nedenia Hutton ) , was a first cousin to Barbara Hutton . Dina Merrill related on A&Es Biography of the Woolworths , that for a time Barbara lived with them following the death of her mother and abandonment by her father . Edna Hutton reportedly died on May 2 , 1917 , age 33 , from suffocation due to mastoiditis , but rumor persists that she committed suicide by poison in despair over her husbands philandering , especially as the coroner decided that no autopsy was necessary . Four-year-old Barbara discovered her mothers body . After her mothers death , she lived with various relatives , and was raised by a governess . Hutton attended Miss Hewitts Classes , now The Hewitt School in New Yorks Lenox Hill neighborhood and Miss Porters School for Girls in Farmington , Connecticut . She became an introverted child who had limited interaction with other children of her own age . Her closest friend and only confidante was her cousin Jimmy Donahue , the son of her mothers sister . Jimmy Donahue inherited a portion of the Woolworth estate with Barbara and also grew up to have notorious , and public , drug , alcohol and relationship problems . In 1924 , Barbara Huttons grandmother Jennie ( Creighton ) Woolworth died and bequeathed to her $26.1 million . Another $2.1 million in stock from Ednas inheritance was placed in a separate trust - both trusts were administered by Franklyn Hutton . By the time of her 21st birthday in 1933 , her father had increased her inheritance to $42 million ( over $1 billion in 2020 ) , not including the additional $8 million from her mothers estate , making her one of the wealthiest women in the world . In accordance with New Yorks high society traditions , Barbara Hutton was given a lavish débutante ball in 1930 on her 18th birthday , where guests from the Astor and Rockefeller families , amongst other elites , were entertained by stars such as Rudy Vallee and Maurice Chevalier . The ball cost $60,000 , a veritable fortune in the days of the Depression . Public criticism was so severe that she was sent on a tour of Europe to escape the onslaught of the press . She lived in the family home at 4 East 80th Street on the Upper East Side . Marriages . Popular poet Ogden Nash then took note of Huttons public private life in the following light verse : Said Aimee McPherson to Barbara Hutton, How do you get a marriage to button? Youll have to ask some other person. Said Barbara Hutton to Aimee McPherson Barbara Hutton married : 1 . 1933 : Alexis Mdivani , a self-styled Georgian prince , divorced 1935 2 . 1935 : Count Kurt Heinrich Eberhard Erdmann Georg von Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow , divorced 1938 3 . 1942 : Cary Grant , divorced 1945 4 . 1947 : Prince Igor Troubetzkoy , divorced 1951 5 . 1953 : Porfirio Rubirosa , divorced 1954 6 . 1955 : Baron Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt von Cramm , divorced 1959 7 . 1964 : Pierre Raymond Doan , divorced 1966 Alexis Mdivani . Her first husband , Alexis Mdivani , used her great wealth to his advantage . As a social climber , he and his siblings were part of the Marrying Mdivanis from Georgia who claimed to be princes after they fled Tbilisi in 1921 due to the Soviet invasion of Georgia . Alexis was already married to Louise Van Alen , a friend Barbara met at Baileys Beach in Rhode Island and a member of the Astor family , when he met Barbara in Biarritz , France . Their meeting was engineered by Alexis manipulative sister Roussie who was always propelling her family into wealthy marriages even if a divorce was required . Roussie and Alexis devised a plan that would enable Alexis to divorce Louise , seduce Barbara , and force her into marriage all at once when Alexis , Louise , Barbara , Roussie , and others were visiting San Sebastian , Spain . Roussie timed Louise and other witnesses to a visit a guest cottage while Alexis seduced Barbara . The group caught the couple , prompting Barbara to flee to Paris to avoid facing the scandal , but Roussie threatened Barbara with negative publicity if she did not marry her brother . Alexis and Barbara were married on June 22 , 1933 , in the Russian Orthodox Church in Paris , France . Barbaras father provided a $1 million dowry . After spending millions of Barbaras inheritance on a home , polo ponies , clothes and mens jewelry , Alexis and Barbara divorced in March , 1935 . Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow . Count Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow , with whom she had her only child , a son named Lance , was her second husband . Reventlow dominated her through verbal and physical abuse , which escalated to a savage beating that left her hospitalized and put him in jail . He also persuaded her to give up her American citizenship , and to take his native Danish citizenship for tax purposes , which she did in December 1937 in a New York federal court . At this point she lapsed into drug abuse . Hutton then developed anorexia , which would plague her for the rest of her life and would leave her unable to have further children . Lance Reventlow , the son , became a race car driver and builder of his own well-respected sports car , the Scarab , in the golden age of American sports car racing . Huttons divorce from Reventlow gave her custody of their son after a bitter court dispute . As her father had done , she left the raising of her child to a governess and private boarding schools . In 1938 , Hutton had a brief affair with Howard Hughes in London at the Savoy Hotel , where Hughes spent several afternoons in Huttons round satin bed . Hughes , at the time , was engaged to Katharine Hepburn and had come to London to meet with government officials and arrange permission to overfly Europe as part of a plan to circumnavigate the globe by air . Hutton later recalled that he saw I had difficulty reaching orgasm and tried desperately to make me do so the first time . . . thereafter pleasing himself and saying that I would not have one anyway . If I touched myself , he angrily brushed my hand away . He could not take it when a woman lost herself in pleasure because he felt he must absolutely be in control of a situation . Hughes had met Hepburn on the set of one of Cary Grants movies , while visiting with Grant . Howard Hughes and Cary Grant were close , long-time friends . Cary Grant . As World War II threatened in 1939 , Hutton moved to California . She was active during the war , giving money to assist the Free French Forces and donating her yacht to the Royal Navy . Using her high-profile image to sell war bonds , she received positive publicity after being derided by the press as a result of her marriage scandals . In Hollywood , she met Cary Grant , one of the biggest movie stars of the day , and later married him on July 8 , 1942 . The press dubbed the married couple Cash and Cary , though Grant did not need her money nor did he need to benefit from her name , and he appeared to genuinely care for Hutton . Nevertheless , this marriage also failed . Grant did not seek or receive any money from Hutton in their divorce settlement . Igor Troubetzkoy . Hutton left California and moved to Paris , France , before acquiring a palace in Tangier . Hutton then began dating Igor Troubetzkoy , an expatriate Russian prince of very limited means but world renown . In the spring of 1948 in Zurich , Switzerland , she married him . That year , he was the driver of the first Ferrari to ever compete in Grand Prix motor racing when he raced in the Monaco Grand Prix , and later won the Targa Florio . He ultimately filed for divorce . Huttons subsequent attempted suicide made headlines around the world . Labeled by the press as the Poor Little Rich Girl , her life made great copy and the media exploited her for consumption by a fascinated public . Porfirio Rubirosa . Her next marriage , lasting 53 days ( December 30 , 1953 – February 20 , 1954 ) , was to Dominican diplomat Porfirio Rubirosa , a notorious international playboy who meanwhile continued his affair with actress Zsa Zsa Gabor . She was granted Dominican citizenship in 1953 . In a scathing review of the marriage ceremony in the Milwaukee Sentinel , Phyllis Battelle coined the oft-quoted phrase : The bride , for her fifth wedding , wore black and carried a scotch-and-soda . Hutton then spent time with Americans James Douglas and Philip Van Rensselaer . Her lavish spending continued ; already the owner of several mansions around the world , in 1959 she built a luxurious Japanese-style palace on a 30-acre ( 120,000 m ) estate in Cuernavaca , Mexico . Gottfried von Cramm . Her next husband was an old friend , German tennis star Baron Gottfried von Cramm . This marriage also ended in divorce . He died in an automobile crash near Cairo , Egypt , in 1976 . Raymond Doan . In Tangier , Hutton met her seventh husband , Prince Pierre Raymond Doan Vinh na Champassak . This marriage , too , was short-lived . Raymond Doan was an adopted member of the former royal family of the Kingdom of Champasak . Other relationships . Hutton lived with Frederick McEvoy , purchasing a chalet at a ski resort in Franconia , New Hampshire , after her marriage to actor Cary Grant . The couple never married and remained friends until McEvoys death in 1951 . Hutton frequently appeared intoxicated in public and was notorious throughout her life for lavish spending . She was known to make gifts to total strangers . Art and jewelry . Over the years , apart from an important inheritance which included Old Master paintings and important sculptures , she also personally acquired a magnificent collection of her own which included the spectrum of arts , porcelain , valuable jewelry , including elaborate historic pieces that had once belonged to Marie Antoinette and Empress Eugénie of France , and important pieces by Fabergé and Cartier . Among her pieces of jewelry was the Pasha Diamond , which she purchased as an unusual octagonal brilliant-cut but had recut into a round brilliant , bringing it down to . Final years and death . The death of her only son Lance Reventlow in an air crash in 1972 sent Hutton into a state of despair . By this time , her fortune had diminished , due to her extreme generosity , including donating Winfield House to the United States government as a residence for its UK ambassador . Alleged questionable deals by her longtime lawyer , Graham Mattison , also ate away at her fortune . Eventually she began liquidating assets in order to raise funds to live , yet continued to spend money on strangers willing to pay a little attention to her . She spent her final years in Los Angeles , living at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel , where she died from a heart attack in May 1979 , aged 66 . One biographer wrote that , at her death , $3,500 was all that remained of her fortune , but some who actually knew her said that was not the case . She was interred in the Woolworth family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx , New York . |
[
"Porfirio Rubirosa"
]
| easy | Who was the spouse of Barbara Hutton in Dec 1953? | /wiki/Barbara_Hutton#P26#2 | Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton ( November 14 , 1912 – May 11 , 1979 ) was an American debutante , socialite , heiress , and philanthropist . She was dubbed the Poor Little Rich Girl : first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 amid the Great Depression , and later due to a notoriously troubled private life . Heiress to one-third of the estate of the retail tycoon Frank Winfield Woolworth , Barbara Hutton was one of the wealthiest women in the world . She endured a childhood marked by the early loss of her mother at age four to suicide and the neglect of her father , setting the stage for a life of difficulty forming relationships . Married and divorced seven times , she acquired grand foreign titles but was maliciously treated and often exploited by several of her husbands . Publicly she was much envied for her possessions , her beauty and her apparent life of leisure ; privately she remained deeply insecure , often taking refuge in drink , drugs , and playboys . Hutton had one child , Lance Reventlow , with her second husband , but was an inconsistent and insecure parent and the subsequent divorce ended in a bitter custody battle . She later developed anorexia nervosa and perhaps thereby prevented further childbirth . Her son died in a plane crash in 1972 at the age of 36 , leaving her devastated . She died on May 11 , 1979 , at age 66 . At her death , the formerly wealthy Hutton was on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of both lavish spending and exploitation by those entrusted to manage her estate . Early life . Born in New York City , Barbara Hutton was the only child of Edna Woolworth ( 1883–1917 ) , a daughter of Frank W . Woolworth , the founder of the successful Woolworth five-and-dime stores . Barbaras father was Franklyn Laws Hutton ( 1877–1940 ) , a wealthy co-founder of E . F . Hutton & Company ( owned by Franklyns brother Edward Francis Hutton ) , a respected New York investment banking and stock brokerage firm . She was a niece by marriage of cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post , who was for a time ( 1920–1935 ) married to E.F . Hutton ; thus their daughter , actress-heiress Dina Merrill ( born Nedenia Hutton ) , was a first cousin to Barbara Hutton . Dina Merrill related on A&Es Biography of the Woolworths , that for a time Barbara lived with them following the death of her mother and abandonment by her father . Edna Hutton reportedly died on May 2 , 1917 , age 33 , from suffocation due to mastoiditis , but rumor persists that she committed suicide by poison in despair over her husbands philandering , especially as the coroner decided that no autopsy was necessary . Four-year-old Barbara discovered her mothers body . After her mothers death , she lived with various relatives , and was raised by a governess . Hutton attended Miss Hewitts Classes , now The Hewitt School in New Yorks Lenox Hill neighborhood and Miss Porters School for Girls in Farmington , Connecticut . She became an introverted child who had limited interaction with other children of her own age . Her closest friend and only confidante was her cousin Jimmy Donahue , the son of her mothers sister . Jimmy Donahue inherited a portion of the Woolworth estate with Barbara and also grew up to have notorious , and public , drug , alcohol and relationship problems . In 1924 , Barbara Huttons grandmother Jennie ( Creighton ) Woolworth died and bequeathed to her $26.1 million . Another $2.1 million in stock from Ednas inheritance was placed in a separate trust - both trusts were administered by Franklyn Hutton . By the time of her 21st birthday in 1933 , her father had increased her inheritance to $42 million ( over $1 billion in 2020 ) , not including the additional $8 million from her mothers estate , making her one of the wealthiest women in the world . In accordance with New Yorks high society traditions , Barbara Hutton was given a lavish débutante ball in 1930 on her 18th birthday , where guests from the Astor and Rockefeller families , amongst other elites , were entertained by stars such as Rudy Vallee and Maurice Chevalier . The ball cost $60,000 , a veritable fortune in the days of the Depression . Public criticism was so severe that she was sent on a tour of Europe to escape the onslaught of the press . She lived in the family home at 4 East 80th Street on the Upper East Side . Marriages . Popular poet Ogden Nash then took note of Huttons public private life in the following light verse : Said Aimee McPherson to Barbara Hutton, How do you get a marriage to button? Youll have to ask some other person. Said Barbara Hutton to Aimee McPherson Barbara Hutton married : 1 . 1933 : Alexis Mdivani , a self-styled Georgian prince , divorced 1935 2 . 1935 : Count Kurt Heinrich Eberhard Erdmann Georg von Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow , divorced 1938 3 . 1942 : Cary Grant , divorced 1945 4 . 1947 : Prince Igor Troubetzkoy , divorced 1951 5 . 1953 : Porfirio Rubirosa , divorced 1954 6 . 1955 : Baron Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt von Cramm , divorced 1959 7 . 1964 : Pierre Raymond Doan , divorced 1966 Alexis Mdivani . Her first husband , Alexis Mdivani , used her great wealth to his advantage . As a social climber , he and his siblings were part of the Marrying Mdivanis from Georgia who claimed to be princes after they fled Tbilisi in 1921 due to the Soviet invasion of Georgia . Alexis was already married to Louise Van Alen , a friend Barbara met at Baileys Beach in Rhode Island and a member of the Astor family , when he met Barbara in Biarritz , France . Their meeting was engineered by Alexis manipulative sister Roussie who was always propelling her family into wealthy marriages even if a divorce was required . Roussie and Alexis devised a plan that would enable Alexis to divorce Louise , seduce Barbara , and force her into marriage all at once when Alexis , Louise , Barbara , Roussie , and others were visiting San Sebastian , Spain . Roussie timed Louise and other witnesses to a visit a guest cottage while Alexis seduced Barbara . The group caught the couple , prompting Barbara to flee to Paris to avoid facing the scandal , but Roussie threatened Barbara with negative publicity if she did not marry her brother . Alexis and Barbara were married on June 22 , 1933 , in the Russian Orthodox Church in Paris , France . Barbaras father provided a $1 million dowry . After spending millions of Barbaras inheritance on a home , polo ponies , clothes and mens jewelry , Alexis and Barbara divorced in March , 1935 . Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow . Count Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow , with whom she had her only child , a son named Lance , was her second husband . Reventlow dominated her through verbal and physical abuse , which escalated to a savage beating that left her hospitalized and put him in jail . He also persuaded her to give up her American citizenship , and to take his native Danish citizenship for tax purposes , which she did in December 1937 in a New York federal court . At this point she lapsed into drug abuse . Hutton then developed anorexia , which would plague her for the rest of her life and would leave her unable to have further children . Lance Reventlow , the son , became a race car driver and builder of his own well-respected sports car , the Scarab , in the golden age of American sports car racing . Huttons divorce from Reventlow gave her custody of their son after a bitter court dispute . As her father had done , she left the raising of her child to a governess and private boarding schools . In 1938 , Hutton had a brief affair with Howard Hughes in London at the Savoy Hotel , where Hughes spent several afternoons in Huttons round satin bed . Hughes , at the time , was engaged to Katharine Hepburn and had come to London to meet with government officials and arrange permission to overfly Europe as part of a plan to circumnavigate the globe by air . Hutton later recalled that he saw I had difficulty reaching orgasm and tried desperately to make me do so the first time . . . thereafter pleasing himself and saying that I would not have one anyway . If I touched myself , he angrily brushed my hand away . He could not take it when a woman lost herself in pleasure because he felt he must absolutely be in control of a situation . Hughes had met Hepburn on the set of one of Cary Grants movies , while visiting with Grant . Howard Hughes and Cary Grant were close , long-time friends . Cary Grant . As World War II threatened in 1939 , Hutton moved to California . She was active during the war , giving money to assist the Free French Forces and donating her yacht to the Royal Navy . Using her high-profile image to sell war bonds , she received positive publicity after being derided by the press as a result of her marriage scandals . In Hollywood , she met Cary Grant , one of the biggest movie stars of the day , and later married him on July 8 , 1942 . The press dubbed the married couple Cash and Cary , though Grant did not need her money nor did he need to benefit from her name , and he appeared to genuinely care for Hutton . Nevertheless , this marriage also failed . Grant did not seek or receive any money from Hutton in their divorce settlement . Igor Troubetzkoy . Hutton left California and moved to Paris , France , before acquiring a palace in Tangier . Hutton then began dating Igor Troubetzkoy , an expatriate Russian prince of very limited means but world renown . In the spring of 1948 in Zurich , Switzerland , she married him . That year , he was the driver of the first Ferrari to ever compete in Grand Prix motor racing when he raced in the Monaco Grand Prix , and later won the Targa Florio . He ultimately filed for divorce . Huttons subsequent attempted suicide made headlines around the world . Labeled by the press as the Poor Little Rich Girl , her life made great copy and the media exploited her for consumption by a fascinated public . Porfirio Rubirosa . Her next marriage , lasting 53 days ( December 30 , 1953 – February 20 , 1954 ) , was to Dominican diplomat Porfirio Rubirosa , a notorious international playboy who meanwhile continued his affair with actress Zsa Zsa Gabor . She was granted Dominican citizenship in 1953 . In a scathing review of the marriage ceremony in the Milwaukee Sentinel , Phyllis Battelle coined the oft-quoted phrase : The bride , for her fifth wedding , wore black and carried a scotch-and-soda . Hutton then spent time with Americans James Douglas and Philip Van Rensselaer . Her lavish spending continued ; already the owner of several mansions around the world , in 1959 she built a luxurious Japanese-style palace on a 30-acre ( 120,000 m ) estate in Cuernavaca , Mexico . Gottfried von Cramm . Her next husband was an old friend , German tennis star Baron Gottfried von Cramm . This marriage also ended in divorce . He died in an automobile crash near Cairo , Egypt , in 1976 . Raymond Doan . In Tangier , Hutton met her seventh husband , Prince Pierre Raymond Doan Vinh na Champassak . This marriage , too , was short-lived . Raymond Doan was an adopted member of the former royal family of the Kingdom of Champasak . Other relationships . Hutton lived with Frederick McEvoy , purchasing a chalet at a ski resort in Franconia , New Hampshire , after her marriage to actor Cary Grant . The couple never married and remained friends until McEvoys death in 1951 . Hutton frequently appeared intoxicated in public and was notorious throughout her life for lavish spending . She was known to make gifts to total strangers . Art and jewelry . Over the years , apart from an important inheritance which included Old Master paintings and important sculptures , she also personally acquired a magnificent collection of her own which included the spectrum of arts , porcelain , valuable jewelry , including elaborate historic pieces that had once belonged to Marie Antoinette and Empress Eugénie of France , and important pieces by Fabergé and Cartier . Among her pieces of jewelry was the Pasha Diamond , which she purchased as an unusual octagonal brilliant-cut but had recut into a round brilliant , bringing it down to . Final years and death . The death of her only son Lance Reventlow in an air crash in 1972 sent Hutton into a state of despair . By this time , her fortune had diminished , due to her extreme generosity , including donating Winfield House to the United States government as a residence for its UK ambassador . Alleged questionable deals by her longtime lawyer , Graham Mattison , also ate away at her fortune . Eventually she began liquidating assets in order to raise funds to live , yet continued to spend money on strangers willing to pay a little attention to her . She spent her final years in Los Angeles , living at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel , where she died from a heart attack in May 1979 , aged 66 . One biographer wrote that , at her death , $3,500 was all that remained of her fortune , but some who actually knew her said that was not the case . She was interred in the Woolworth family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx , New York . |
[
"Gottfried von Cramm"
]
| easy | Who was the spouse of Barbara Hutton from Nov 1955 to 1959? | /wiki/Barbara_Hutton#P26#3 | Barbara Hutton Barbara Woolworth Hutton ( November 14 , 1912 – May 11 , 1979 ) was an American debutante , socialite , heiress , and philanthropist . She was dubbed the Poor Little Rich Girl : first when she was given a lavish and expensive debutante ball in 1930 amid the Great Depression , and later due to a notoriously troubled private life . Heiress to one-third of the estate of the retail tycoon Frank Winfield Woolworth , Barbara Hutton was one of the wealthiest women in the world . She endured a childhood marked by the early loss of her mother at age four to suicide and the neglect of her father , setting the stage for a life of difficulty forming relationships . Married and divorced seven times , she acquired grand foreign titles but was maliciously treated and often exploited by several of her husbands . Publicly she was much envied for her possessions , her beauty and her apparent life of leisure ; privately she remained deeply insecure , often taking refuge in drink , drugs , and playboys . Hutton had one child , Lance Reventlow , with her second husband , but was an inconsistent and insecure parent and the subsequent divorce ended in a bitter custody battle . She later developed anorexia nervosa and perhaps thereby prevented further childbirth . Her son died in a plane crash in 1972 at the age of 36 , leaving her devastated . She died on May 11 , 1979 , at age 66 . At her death , the formerly wealthy Hutton was on the verge of bankruptcy as a result of both lavish spending and exploitation by those entrusted to manage her estate . Early life . Born in New York City , Barbara Hutton was the only child of Edna Woolworth ( 1883–1917 ) , a daughter of Frank W . Woolworth , the founder of the successful Woolworth five-and-dime stores . Barbaras father was Franklyn Laws Hutton ( 1877–1940 ) , a wealthy co-founder of E . F . Hutton & Company ( owned by Franklyns brother Edward Francis Hutton ) , a respected New York investment banking and stock brokerage firm . She was a niece by marriage of cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post , who was for a time ( 1920–1935 ) married to E.F . Hutton ; thus their daughter , actress-heiress Dina Merrill ( born Nedenia Hutton ) , was a first cousin to Barbara Hutton . Dina Merrill related on A&Es Biography of the Woolworths , that for a time Barbara lived with them following the death of her mother and abandonment by her father . Edna Hutton reportedly died on May 2 , 1917 , age 33 , from suffocation due to mastoiditis , but rumor persists that she committed suicide by poison in despair over her husbands philandering , especially as the coroner decided that no autopsy was necessary . Four-year-old Barbara discovered her mothers body . After her mothers death , she lived with various relatives , and was raised by a governess . Hutton attended Miss Hewitts Classes , now The Hewitt School in New Yorks Lenox Hill neighborhood and Miss Porters School for Girls in Farmington , Connecticut . She became an introverted child who had limited interaction with other children of her own age . Her closest friend and only confidante was her cousin Jimmy Donahue , the son of her mothers sister . Jimmy Donahue inherited a portion of the Woolworth estate with Barbara and also grew up to have notorious , and public , drug , alcohol and relationship problems . In 1924 , Barbara Huttons grandmother Jennie ( Creighton ) Woolworth died and bequeathed to her $26.1 million . Another $2.1 million in stock from Ednas inheritance was placed in a separate trust - both trusts were administered by Franklyn Hutton . By the time of her 21st birthday in 1933 , her father had increased her inheritance to $42 million ( over $1 billion in 2020 ) , not including the additional $8 million from her mothers estate , making her one of the wealthiest women in the world . In accordance with New Yorks high society traditions , Barbara Hutton was given a lavish débutante ball in 1930 on her 18th birthday , where guests from the Astor and Rockefeller families , amongst other elites , were entertained by stars such as Rudy Vallee and Maurice Chevalier . The ball cost $60,000 , a veritable fortune in the days of the Depression . Public criticism was so severe that she was sent on a tour of Europe to escape the onslaught of the press . She lived in the family home at 4 East 80th Street on the Upper East Side . Marriages . Popular poet Ogden Nash then took note of Huttons public private life in the following light verse : Said Aimee McPherson to Barbara Hutton, How do you get a marriage to button? Youll have to ask some other person. Said Barbara Hutton to Aimee McPherson Barbara Hutton married : 1 . 1933 : Alexis Mdivani , a self-styled Georgian prince , divorced 1935 2 . 1935 : Count Kurt Heinrich Eberhard Erdmann Georg von Haugwitz-Hardenberg-Reventlow , divorced 1938 3 . 1942 : Cary Grant , divorced 1945 4 . 1947 : Prince Igor Troubetzkoy , divorced 1951 5 . 1953 : Porfirio Rubirosa , divorced 1954 6 . 1955 : Baron Gottfried Alexander Maximilian Walter Kurt von Cramm , divorced 1959 7 . 1964 : Pierre Raymond Doan , divorced 1966 Alexis Mdivani . Her first husband , Alexis Mdivani , used her great wealth to his advantage . As a social climber , he and his siblings were part of the Marrying Mdivanis from Georgia who claimed to be princes after they fled Tbilisi in 1921 due to the Soviet invasion of Georgia . Alexis was already married to Louise Van Alen , a friend Barbara met at Baileys Beach in Rhode Island and a member of the Astor family , when he met Barbara in Biarritz , France . Their meeting was engineered by Alexis manipulative sister Roussie who was always propelling her family into wealthy marriages even if a divorce was required . Roussie and Alexis devised a plan that would enable Alexis to divorce Louise , seduce Barbara , and force her into marriage all at once when Alexis , Louise , Barbara , Roussie , and others were visiting San Sebastian , Spain . Roussie timed Louise and other witnesses to a visit a guest cottage while Alexis seduced Barbara . The group caught the couple , prompting Barbara to flee to Paris to avoid facing the scandal , but Roussie threatened Barbara with negative publicity if she did not marry her brother . Alexis and Barbara were married on June 22 , 1933 , in the Russian Orthodox Church in Paris , France . Barbaras father provided a $1 million dowry . After spending millions of Barbaras inheritance on a home , polo ponies , clothes and mens jewelry , Alexis and Barbara divorced in March , 1935 . Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow . Count Kurt Haugwitz-Reventlow , with whom she had her only child , a son named Lance , was her second husband . Reventlow dominated her through verbal and physical abuse , which escalated to a savage beating that left her hospitalized and put him in jail . He also persuaded her to give up her American citizenship , and to take his native Danish citizenship for tax purposes , which she did in December 1937 in a New York federal court . At this point she lapsed into drug abuse . Hutton then developed anorexia , which would plague her for the rest of her life and would leave her unable to have further children . Lance Reventlow , the son , became a race car driver and builder of his own well-respected sports car , the Scarab , in the golden age of American sports car racing . Huttons divorce from Reventlow gave her custody of their son after a bitter court dispute . As her father had done , she left the raising of her child to a governess and private boarding schools . In 1938 , Hutton had a brief affair with Howard Hughes in London at the Savoy Hotel , where Hughes spent several afternoons in Huttons round satin bed . Hughes , at the time , was engaged to Katharine Hepburn and had come to London to meet with government officials and arrange permission to overfly Europe as part of a plan to circumnavigate the globe by air . Hutton later recalled that he saw I had difficulty reaching orgasm and tried desperately to make me do so the first time . . . thereafter pleasing himself and saying that I would not have one anyway . If I touched myself , he angrily brushed my hand away . He could not take it when a woman lost herself in pleasure because he felt he must absolutely be in control of a situation . Hughes had met Hepburn on the set of one of Cary Grants movies , while visiting with Grant . Howard Hughes and Cary Grant were close , long-time friends . Cary Grant . As World War II threatened in 1939 , Hutton moved to California . She was active during the war , giving money to assist the Free French Forces and donating her yacht to the Royal Navy . Using her high-profile image to sell war bonds , she received positive publicity after being derided by the press as a result of her marriage scandals . In Hollywood , she met Cary Grant , one of the biggest movie stars of the day , and later married him on July 8 , 1942 . The press dubbed the married couple Cash and Cary , though Grant did not need her money nor did he need to benefit from her name , and he appeared to genuinely care for Hutton . Nevertheless , this marriage also failed . Grant did not seek or receive any money from Hutton in their divorce settlement . Igor Troubetzkoy . Hutton left California and moved to Paris , France , before acquiring a palace in Tangier . Hutton then began dating Igor Troubetzkoy , an expatriate Russian prince of very limited means but world renown . In the spring of 1948 in Zurich , Switzerland , she married him . That year , he was the driver of the first Ferrari to ever compete in Grand Prix motor racing when he raced in the Monaco Grand Prix , and later won the Targa Florio . He ultimately filed for divorce . Huttons subsequent attempted suicide made headlines around the world . Labeled by the press as the Poor Little Rich Girl , her life made great copy and the media exploited her for consumption by a fascinated public . Porfirio Rubirosa . Her next marriage , lasting 53 days ( December 30 , 1953 – February 20 , 1954 ) , was to Dominican diplomat Porfirio Rubirosa , a notorious international playboy who meanwhile continued his affair with actress Zsa Zsa Gabor . She was granted Dominican citizenship in 1953 . In a scathing review of the marriage ceremony in the Milwaukee Sentinel , Phyllis Battelle coined the oft-quoted phrase : The bride , for her fifth wedding , wore black and carried a scotch-and-soda . Hutton then spent time with Americans James Douglas and Philip Van Rensselaer . Her lavish spending continued ; already the owner of several mansions around the world , in 1959 she built a luxurious Japanese-style palace on a 30-acre ( 120,000 m ) estate in Cuernavaca , Mexico . Gottfried von Cramm . Her next husband was an old friend , German tennis star Baron Gottfried von Cramm . This marriage also ended in divorce . He died in an automobile crash near Cairo , Egypt , in 1976 . Raymond Doan . In Tangier , Hutton met her seventh husband , Prince Pierre Raymond Doan Vinh na Champassak . This marriage , too , was short-lived . Raymond Doan was an adopted member of the former royal family of the Kingdom of Champasak . Other relationships . Hutton lived with Frederick McEvoy , purchasing a chalet at a ski resort in Franconia , New Hampshire , after her marriage to actor Cary Grant . The couple never married and remained friends until McEvoys death in 1951 . Hutton frequently appeared intoxicated in public and was notorious throughout her life for lavish spending . She was known to make gifts to total strangers . Art and jewelry . Over the years , apart from an important inheritance which included Old Master paintings and important sculptures , she also personally acquired a magnificent collection of her own which included the spectrum of arts , porcelain , valuable jewelry , including elaborate historic pieces that had once belonged to Marie Antoinette and Empress Eugénie of France , and important pieces by Fabergé and Cartier . Among her pieces of jewelry was the Pasha Diamond , which she purchased as an unusual octagonal brilliant-cut but had recut into a round brilliant , bringing it down to . Final years and death . The death of her only son Lance Reventlow in an air crash in 1972 sent Hutton into a state of despair . By this time , her fortune had diminished , due to her extreme generosity , including donating Winfield House to the United States government as a residence for its UK ambassador . Alleged questionable deals by her longtime lawyer , Graham Mattison , also ate away at her fortune . Eventually she began liquidating assets in order to raise funds to live , yet continued to spend money on strangers willing to pay a little attention to her . She spent her final years in Los Angeles , living at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel , where she died from a heart attack in May 1979 , aged 66 . One biographer wrote that , at her death , $3,500 was all that remained of her fortune , but some who actually knew her said that was not the case . She was interred in the Woolworth family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx , New York . |
[
""
]
| easy | Who did Horace Lamb work for from 1875 to 1885? | /wiki/Horace_Lamb#P108#0 | Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb ( 27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934 ) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on classical physics , among them Hydrodynamics ( 1895 ) and Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 ) . Both of these books remain in print . The word vorticity was coined by Lamb in 1916 . Biography . Early life and education . Lamb was born in Stockport , Cheshire , the son of John Lamb and his wife Elizabeth , née Rangeley . John Lamb was a foreman in a cotton mill who had gained some distinction by the invention of an improvement to spinning machines , he died when his son was a child . Lambs mother married again , and shortly afterwards Horace went to live with his strict but maternal aunt , Mrs . Holland . He studied at Stockport Grammar School , where he made the acquaintance of a wise and kindly headmaster in the Rev . Charles Hamilton , and a graduate of classics , Frederic Slaney Poole , who in his final year became a good friend . It was from these two tutors that Lamb acquired his taste for mathematics and , to a somewhat lesser extent , classical literature . In 1867 , he gained a classical scholarship at Queens College , Cambridge . Since Lambs inclination , however , was to pursue a career in engineering , he chose to decline the offer , and instead worked for a year at the Owens College in nearby Manchester , as a means of developing his mathematical proficiency further . At that time , the Chair of Pure Mathematics at Owens College was held by Thomas Barker , an eminent Scottish mathematician , who graduated as Senior Wrangler and first Smiths prizeman from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos in 1862 . An acknowledged lecturer of high quality , Lamb prospered under the guidance of Barker , and was elected to a minor scholarship at Trinity College , Cambridge . At Trinity , he was Second Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos , 2nd Smiths prizeman and elected fellow in 1872 . Among his professors were James Clerk Maxwell and George Gabriel Stokes . He was soon elected both a Fellow and a tutor in the college . University of Cambridge , 1872–75 . By 1874 , Lamb had become thoroughly invested in his work at Trinity , preparing there an innovative and original series of lectures on the subject of hydrodynamics for third-year students . Richard Glazebrook , a final-year student at the time , wrote of them that they were a revelation , and praised Lamb for his lucid presentation of the properties of liquids in rotational motion . However , Lamb soon became romantically involved with Elizabeth Foot , sister-in-law to his former headmaster , and , since the conditions of his position at Trinity stipulated that he should hold it only so long as he was unmarried , he was compelled , in 1875 , to resign and continue his work elsewhere . University of Adelaide , 1876–1885 . Lambs acquaintance from Stockport , Frederic Slaney Poole , had by now for some years lived in South Australia ; hearing of his engagement , Poole suggested in a letter that he should apply for the chair at the recently founded University of Adelaide . In 1875 , he was appointed the first ( Sir Thomas ) Elder Professor of Mathematics there , and took up the chair in March , 1876 . Lamb was instrumental in the establishment of the academic and administrative structure of the university , and lectured in pure and applied mathematics , also giving practical demonstrations in physics . For the next ten years the average number of students enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts course at Adelaide was fewer than twelve ; though Lamb also gave some public lectures in the evenings , his workload was relatively light . His deftly rendered and original A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of the Motions of Fluids ( which would later be reprinted as Hydrodynamics in 1895 ) was first published in 1878 . In 1883 , Lamb published a paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society applying Maxwells equations to the problem of oscillatory current flow in spherical conductors , an early examination of what was later to be known as the skin effect . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 . University of Manchester , 1885–1920 . Lamb was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics at Owens College , Manchester , in 1885 and which became the Beyer Chair in 1888 , a position Lamb held until retirement in 1920 ( Owens College was merged with the Victoria University of Manchester in 1904 ) . His Hydrodynamics appeared in 1895 ( 6th ed . 1933 ) , and other works included An Elementary Course of Infinitesimal Calculus ( 1897 , 3rd ed . 1919 ) , Propagation of Tremors over the Surface of an Elastic Solid ( 1904 ) , The Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 , 2nd ed . 1925 ) , Statics ( 1912 , 3rd ed . 1928 ) , Dynamics ( 1914 ) , Higher Mechanics ( 1920 ) and The Evolution of Mathematical Physics ( 1924 ) . Later years , 1920–1934 . In 1932 Lamb , in an address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science , wittily expressed on the difficulty of explaining and studying turbulence in fluids . He reportedly said , I am an old man now , and when I die and go to heaven there are two matters on which I hope for enlightenment . One is quantum electrodynamics , and the other is the turbulent motion of fluids . And about the former I am rather optimistic . Lamb is also known for description of special waves in thin solid layers . These are now known as Lamb waves . Lamb was survived by three sons and four daughters . The sons ( who included Walter Lamb ( classicist ) and the painter Henry Lamb ) were born at Adelaide , South Australia , and all became distinguished . He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge , with his wife . Honours and awards . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 , was twice vice-president , received its Royal Medal in 1902 and , its highest honour , the Copley Medal in 1924 . He was president of the London Mathematical Society 1902–1904 , president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society , and president of the British Association in 1925 . He was knighted in 1931 . A room in the Alan Turing Building at the University of Manchester is named in his honour and in 2013 the Sir Horace Lamb Chair was created at Manchester . A building at the University of Adelaide also bears his name . |
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"University of Manchester"
]
| easy | Which employer did Horace Lamb work for from 1885 to 1920? | /wiki/Horace_Lamb#P108#1 | Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb ( 27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934 ) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on classical physics , among them Hydrodynamics ( 1895 ) and Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 ) . Both of these books remain in print . The word vorticity was coined by Lamb in 1916 . Biography . Early life and education . Lamb was born in Stockport , Cheshire , the son of John Lamb and his wife Elizabeth , née Rangeley . John Lamb was a foreman in a cotton mill who had gained some distinction by the invention of an improvement to spinning machines , he died when his son was a child . Lambs mother married again , and shortly afterwards Horace went to live with his strict but maternal aunt , Mrs . Holland . He studied at Stockport Grammar School , where he made the acquaintance of a wise and kindly headmaster in the Rev . Charles Hamilton , and a graduate of classics , Frederic Slaney Poole , who in his final year became a good friend . It was from these two tutors that Lamb acquired his taste for mathematics and , to a somewhat lesser extent , classical literature . In 1867 , he gained a classical scholarship at Queens College , Cambridge . Since Lambs inclination , however , was to pursue a career in engineering , he chose to decline the offer , and instead worked for a year at the Owens College in nearby Manchester , as a means of developing his mathematical proficiency further . At that time , the Chair of Pure Mathematics at Owens College was held by Thomas Barker , an eminent Scottish mathematician , who graduated as Senior Wrangler and first Smiths prizeman from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos in 1862 . An acknowledged lecturer of high quality , Lamb prospered under the guidance of Barker , and was elected to a minor scholarship at Trinity College , Cambridge . At Trinity , he was Second Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos , 2nd Smiths prizeman and elected fellow in 1872 . Among his professors were James Clerk Maxwell and George Gabriel Stokes . He was soon elected both a Fellow and a tutor in the college . University of Cambridge , 1872–75 . By 1874 , Lamb had become thoroughly invested in his work at Trinity , preparing there an innovative and original series of lectures on the subject of hydrodynamics for third-year students . Richard Glazebrook , a final-year student at the time , wrote of them that they were a revelation , and praised Lamb for his lucid presentation of the properties of liquids in rotational motion . However , Lamb soon became romantically involved with Elizabeth Foot , sister-in-law to his former headmaster , and , since the conditions of his position at Trinity stipulated that he should hold it only so long as he was unmarried , he was compelled , in 1875 , to resign and continue his work elsewhere . University of Adelaide , 1876–1885 . Lambs acquaintance from Stockport , Frederic Slaney Poole , had by now for some years lived in South Australia ; hearing of his engagement , Poole suggested in a letter that he should apply for the chair at the recently founded University of Adelaide . In 1875 , he was appointed the first ( Sir Thomas ) Elder Professor of Mathematics there , and took up the chair in March , 1876 . Lamb was instrumental in the establishment of the academic and administrative structure of the university , and lectured in pure and applied mathematics , also giving practical demonstrations in physics . For the next ten years the average number of students enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts course at Adelaide was fewer than twelve ; though Lamb also gave some public lectures in the evenings , his workload was relatively light . His deftly rendered and original A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of the Motions of Fluids ( which would later be reprinted as Hydrodynamics in 1895 ) was first published in 1878 . In 1883 , Lamb published a paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society applying Maxwells equations to the problem of oscillatory current flow in spherical conductors , an early examination of what was later to be known as the skin effect . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 . University of Manchester , 1885–1920 . Lamb was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics at Owens College , Manchester , in 1885 and which became the Beyer Chair in 1888 , a position Lamb held until retirement in 1920 ( Owens College was merged with the Victoria University of Manchester in 1904 ) . His Hydrodynamics appeared in 1895 ( 6th ed . 1933 ) , and other works included An Elementary Course of Infinitesimal Calculus ( 1897 , 3rd ed . 1919 ) , Propagation of Tremors over the Surface of an Elastic Solid ( 1904 ) , The Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 , 2nd ed . 1925 ) , Statics ( 1912 , 3rd ed . 1928 ) , Dynamics ( 1914 ) , Higher Mechanics ( 1920 ) and The Evolution of Mathematical Physics ( 1924 ) . Later years , 1920–1934 . In 1932 Lamb , in an address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science , wittily expressed on the difficulty of explaining and studying turbulence in fluids . He reportedly said , I am an old man now , and when I die and go to heaven there are two matters on which I hope for enlightenment . One is quantum electrodynamics , and the other is the turbulent motion of fluids . And about the former I am rather optimistic . Lamb is also known for description of special waves in thin solid layers . These are now known as Lamb waves . Lamb was survived by three sons and four daughters . The sons ( who included Walter Lamb ( classicist ) and the painter Henry Lamb ) were born at Adelaide , South Australia , and all became distinguished . He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge , with his wife . Honours and awards . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 , was twice vice-president , received its Royal Medal in 1902 and , its highest honour , the Copley Medal in 1924 . He was president of the London Mathematical Society 1902–1904 , president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society , and president of the British Association in 1925 . He was knighted in 1931 . A room in the Alan Turing Building at the University of Manchester is named in his honour and in 2013 the Sir Horace Lamb Chair was created at Manchester . A building at the University of Adelaide also bears his name . |
[
""
]
| easy | Which employer did Horace Lamb work for from 1920 to 1932? | /wiki/Horace_Lamb#P108#2 | Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb ( 27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934 ) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on classical physics , among them Hydrodynamics ( 1895 ) and Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 ) . Both of these books remain in print . The word vorticity was coined by Lamb in 1916 . Biography . Early life and education . Lamb was born in Stockport , Cheshire , the son of John Lamb and his wife Elizabeth , née Rangeley . John Lamb was a foreman in a cotton mill who had gained some distinction by the invention of an improvement to spinning machines , he died when his son was a child . Lambs mother married again , and shortly afterwards Horace went to live with his strict but maternal aunt , Mrs . Holland . He studied at Stockport Grammar School , where he made the acquaintance of a wise and kindly headmaster in the Rev . Charles Hamilton , and a graduate of classics , Frederic Slaney Poole , who in his final year became a good friend . It was from these two tutors that Lamb acquired his taste for mathematics and , to a somewhat lesser extent , classical literature . In 1867 , he gained a classical scholarship at Queens College , Cambridge . Since Lambs inclination , however , was to pursue a career in engineering , he chose to decline the offer , and instead worked for a year at the Owens College in nearby Manchester , as a means of developing his mathematical proficiency further . At that time , the Chair of Pure Mathematics at Owens College was held by Thomas Barker , an eminent Scottish mathematician , who graduated as Senior Wrangler and first Smiths prizeman from the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos in 1862 . An acknowledged lecturer of high quality , Lamb prospered under the guidance of Barker , and was elected to a minor scholarship at Trinity College , Cambridge . At Trinity , he was Second Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos , 2nd Smiths prizeman and elected fellow in 1872 . Among his professors were James Clerk Maxwell and George Gabriel Stokes . He was soon elected both a Fellow and a tutor in the college . University of Cambridge , 1872–75 . By 1874 , Lamb had become thoroughly invested in his work at Trinity , preparing there an innovative and original series of lectures on the subject of hydrodynamics for third-year students . Richard Glazebrook , a final-year student at the time , wrote of them that they were a revelation , and praised Lamb for his lucid presentation of the properties of liquids in rotational motion . However , Lamb soon became romantically involved with Elizabeth Foot , sister-in-law to his former headmaster , and , since the conditions of his position at Trinity stipulated that he should hold it only so long as he was unmarried , he was compelled , in 1875 , to resign and continue his work elsewhere . University of Adelaide , 1876–1885 . Lambs acquaintance from Stockport , Frederic Slaney Poole , had by now for some years lived in South Australia ; hearing of his engagement , Poole suggested in a letter that he should apply for the chair at the recently founded University of Adelaide . In 1875 , he was appointed the first ( Sir Thomas ) Elder Professor of Mathematics there , and took up the chair in March , 1876 . Lamb was instrumental in the establishment of the academic and administrative structure of the university , and lectured in pure and applied mathematics , also giving practical demonstrations in physics . For the next ten years the average number of students enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts course at Adelaide was fewer than twelve ; though Lamb also gave some public lectures in the evenings , his workload was relatively light . His deftly rendered and original A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of the Motions of Fluids ( which would later be reprinted as Hydrodynamics in 1895 ) was first published in 1878 . In 1883 , Lamb published a paper in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society applying Maxwells equations to the problem of oscillatory current flow in spherical conductors , an early examination of what was later to be known as the skin effect . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 . University of Manchester , 1885–1920 . Lamb was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics at Owens College , Manchester , in 1885 and which became the Beyer Chair in 1888 , a position Lamb held until retirement in 1920 ( Owens College was merged with the Victoria University of Manchester in 1904 ) . His Hydrodynamics appeared in 1895 ( 6th ed . 1933 ) , and other works included An Elementary Course of Infinitesimal Calculus ( 1897 , 3rd ed . 1919 ) , Propagation of Tremors over the Surface of an Elastic Solid ( 1904 ) , The Dynamical Theory of Sound ( 1910 , 2nd ed . 1925 ) , Statics ( 1912 , 3rd ed . 1928 ) , Dynamics ( 1914 ) , Higher Mechanics ( 1920 ) and The Evolution of Mathematical Physics ( 1924 ) . Later years , 1920–1934 . In 1932 Lamb , in an address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science , wittily expressed on the difficulty of explaining and studying turbulence in fluids . He reportedly said , I am an old man now , and when I die and go to heaven there are two matters on which I hope for enlightenment . One is quantum electrodynamics , and the other is the turbulent motion of fluids . And about the former I am rather optimistic . Lamb is also known for description of special waves in thin solid layers . These are now known as Lamb waves . Lamb was survived by three sons and four daughters . The sons ( who included Walter Lamb ( classicist ) and the painter Henry Lamb ) were born at Adelaide , South Australia , and all became distinguished . He is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge , with his wife . Honours and awards . Lamb was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1884 , was twice vice-president , received its Royal Medal in 1902 and , its highest honour , the Copley Medal in 1924 . He was president of the London Mathematical Society 1902–1904 , president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society , and president of the British Association in 1925 . He was knighted in 1931 . A room in the Alan Turing Building at the University of Manchester is named in his honour and in 2013 the Sir Horace Lamb Chair was created at Manchester . A building at the University of Adelaide also bears his name . |
[
"University of South Dakota"
]
| easy | Where was Scott DesJarlais educated from 1981 to 1982? | /wiki/Scott_DesJarlais#P69#0 | Scott DesJarlais Scott Eugene DesJarlais ( ; born February 21 , 1964 ) is an American politician and physician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2011 . The district stretches across East and Middle Tennessee . He is a member of the Republican Party . Early life , education , and medical career . DesJarlais was born in 1964 in Des Moines , Iowa , to Joe DesJarlais , a barber , and Sylvia , a registered nurse . He grew up in Sturgis , South Dakota . Over ten years he , his parents and his brother and sister built their own house in Sturgis ; his parents still live there . DesJarlais earned his undergraduate degree in Chemistry and Psychology from the University of South Dakota in 1987 and his Doctor of Medicine from the University of South Dakota School of Medicine in 1991 . He moved to East Tennessee in 1993 to practice medicine as a generalist . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2010 . DesJarlais is a member of the Tea Party movement . In 2009 he entered politics , filing papers to challenge Democratic incumbent Lincoln Davis , as well as Independents Paul H . Curtis , James Gray , Richard S . Johnson , and Gerald York . Late in the 2010 race , the Washington newspaper Roll Call reported details of DesJarlaiss 2001 divorce proceedings , which showed that his ex-wife accused him of harassment , intimidation and physical abuse . The Davis campaign used the material in print and TV attack ads and told Roll Call that Fourth District voters expect [ ed ] more than lip service about family values . DesJarlais defeated Davis 57%–39% . 2012 . During his first term , DesJarlais represented a district that stretched almost diagonally across the state from coal-mining regions near Knoxville , the Tri-Cities and Chattanooga to the outer suburbs of Nashville . By the 2012 election , the Fourth District had been significantly altered as a result of redistricting . It lost all of its northeastern portion and was pushed west to take in suburban areas closer to Nashville , including Murfreesboro , previously the heart of the 6th district . The redrawn 4th contained about half of the constituents who resided in the former 4th district , with 14 of 24 counties moved elsewhere . DesJarlais was challenged by Democratic nominee and state senator Eric Stewart . For a time , it was thought that DesJarlais would face a primary challenge from state senator Bill Ketron , a Murfreesboro resident and the chairman of the state senate redistricting committee , but Ketron did not run . DesJarlais defeated Stewart 56%–44% , joining all the other incumbent members of Tennessee congressional delegation in winning reelection . 2014 . In 2014 DesJarlaiss seat was considered vulnerable , as controversy over the divorce record revelations returned to the fore . He had been reelected in 2012 with a reduced majority . DesJarlais held his seat . State senator Jim Tracy challenged DesJarlais in the primary . At the end of June 2013 , Tracy had raised nearly $750,000 ( including over $300,000 in the second quarter of 2013 ) for his bid . He raised an additional $150,000 in the fourth quarter and reported $840,000 cash on hand . By contrast , at the end of September , DesJarlais reported $170,000 cash on hand . DesJarlais won the primary by 38 votes . Tracy decided not to challenge the results , despite citing irregularities . 2016 . In January 2016 Politico rated Tennessees Fourth District one of the top five primary races to watch , and in March ranked DesJarlais one of the most vulnerable incumbents in the 2016 cycle ; he was one of only two Tennessee incumbents to face serious challenge . His primary opponents were attorney and conservative activist Grant Starrett , attorney and physician Yomi Fapas Faparusi and economic data specialist Erran Persley . The Murfreesboro Post described Starrett as running to the right of DesJarlais . After winning the primary , DesJarlais beat Democrat Steven Reynolds in the general election by a margin of 30 points . 2018 . DesJarlais was again challenged in the primary , but won by 40 points . He went on to win the general election by almost 30 points . 2020 . In 2020 DesJarlais defeated Republican primary challenger Doug Meyer , a veteran and former police officer . Christopher Hale won the Democratic primary to challenge DesJarlais . Hale is a pro-life Democrat and has strongly criticized DesJarlais for having pressured his mistress to get an abortion . Tenure . In December 2020 , DesJarlais was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden defeated incumbent Donald Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state . House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of election subversion . She also reprimanded DesJarlais and the other House members who supported the lawsuit : The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House . Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution , they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions . New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell , citing section three of the 14th Amendment , called for Pelosi to not seat DesJarlais and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit , arguing that the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States . Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that . Committee assignments . - Committee on Agriculture - Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture - Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Health Care , Benefits , and Administrative Rules Caucus memberships . - Freedom Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Republican Doctors Caucus - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Caucus to Fight and Control Methamphetamine - Congressional Skin Care Caucus - Congressional Sportsmens Caucus - Congressional Chicken Caucus - Congressional Taiwan Caucus - Congressional Range and Testing Center Caucus - Congressional Aluminum Caucus - Congressional Arthritis Caucus - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Cystic Fibrosis Caucus - Malaria Caucus - Border Security Caucus DesJarlais was the first member of the House Freedom Caucus to endorse Donald Trump for president of the United States . Sex , abortion , and drug scandals . In October 2012 the Huffington Post obtained a transcript of a September 2000 phone conversation in which DesJarlais pressured a mistress to get an abortion . He repeatedly denied that he had taped the conversation . In October he wrote to supporters on Facebook , The media wrongly reported that I recorded the conversation myself . I was recorded unknowingly and without my consent . Nine days before the general election a second woman said that she began dating DesJarlais while she was his patient . She alleged that the two smoked marijuana together and that he prescribed opioids for her while she was at his house . Two weeks after DesJarlais won the 2012 election , the Chattanooga Times Free Press obtained a full transcript of his 2001 divorce proceedings . The transcript revealed that he had admitted under oath to at least six sexual relationships with people he came in contact with while chief of staff at Grandview Medical Center in Jasper , Tennessee . Among them were three co-workers , two patients and a drug representative . The transcript also revealed that his former wife had had two abortions , and that DesJarlais had admitted under oath that he and his former wife had recorded the phone conversation with the mistress . One of the biggest mistakes I made was I commented to the press before I had the opportunity to go back and read a transcript that was 13 , 14 years old , he said in an interview with the Knoxville News Sentinel . It was never my intention to mislead anyone , and had I read this , I dont think the inaccuracies that occurred would have taken place . Three weeks after he won the election , DesJarlais said on a conservative talk radio show on WWTN that God has forgiven me and asked fellow Christians and constituents to consider doing the same . Formal reprimand . In October 2012 , the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington ( CREW ) requested that the Tennessee Board of Health investigate evidence that DesJarlais had had a sexual relationship with a patient , in violation of the Tennessee Medical Practice Act . The complaint was investigated and in May 2013 the Tennessee Board of Medical Examiners formally reprimanded DesJarlais for having sex with patients and fined him $500 , calculated by the Board as $250 per patient , and $1,000 in costs . He did not contest the charges . In November 2012 , after further details of the divorce proceedings were published , CREW asked the House of Representatives Office of Congressional Ethics to investigate whether DesJarlais had violated House ethics rules , asserting that he had blatantly lied when he denied having taped the telephone conversation . Personal life . DesJarlais and his second wife , Amy , have three children . They live in South Pittsburg . They are members of the Epiphany Mission Episcopal Church in Sherwood , Tennessee . During a trial for his divorce from his first wife in 2000 , DesJarlais testified that he had sexual affairs with at least two patients , three coworkers and a drug representative while he was working as a hospital chief of staff . Despite his public opposition to legal abortion , DesJarlais encouraged his ex-wife to terminate two pregnancies and encouraged a former patient with whom he was having an affair to get an abortion . In divorce documents , DesJarlaiss first wife accused him of “dry firing a gun outside [ her ] locked bedroom door , admission of suicidal ideation , holding a gun in his mouth for three hours , an incident of physical intimidation at the hospital ; and previous threatening behavior … i.e . shoving , tripping , pushing down , etc.” Health . In July 2014 , DesJarlais announced he was undergoing aggressive chemotherapy to treat cancer in his neck that had spread to a lymph node . In a campaign appearance during his illness he said the cancer had affected his voice but added that the type is curable 90% of the time . The cancer and chemotherapy caused him to lose over 40 pounds , limiting his ability to make appearances and campaign . In June 2015 , DesJarlais announced that he was cancer-free . |
[
"University of South Dakota School of Medicine"
]
| easy | Scott DesJarlais went to which school from 1982 to 1991? | /wiki/Scott_DesJarlais#P69#1 | Scott DesJarlais Scott Eugene DesJarlais ( ; born February 21 , 1964 ) is an American politician and physician serving as the U.S . Representative for since 2011 . The district stretches across East and Middle Tennessee . He is a member of the Republican Party . Early life , education , and medical career . DesJarlais was born in 1964 in Des Moines , Iowa , to Joe DesJarlais , a barber , and Sylvia , a registered nurse . He grew up in Sturgis , South Dakota . Over ten years he , his parents and his brother and sister built their own house in Sturgis ; his parents still live there . DesJarlais earned his undergraduate degree in Chemistry and Psychology from the University of South Dakota in 1987 and his Doctor of Medicine from the University of South Dakota School of Medicine in 1991 . He moved to East Tennessee in 1993 to practice medicine as a generalist . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . 2010 . DesJarlais is a member of the Tea Party movement . In 2009 he entered politics , filing papers to challenge Democratic incumbent Lincoln Davis , as well as Independents Paul H . Curtis , James Gray , Richard S . Johnson , and Gerald York . Late in the 2010 race , the Washington newspaper Roll Call reported details of DesJarlaiss 2001 divorce proceedings , which showed that his ex-wife accused him of harassment , intimidation and physical abuse . The Davis campaign used the material in print and TV attack ads and told Roll Call that Fourth District voters expect [ ed ] more than lip service about family values . DesJarlais defeated Davis 57%–39% . 2012 . During his first term , DesJarlais represented a district that stretched almost diagonally across the state from coal-mining regions near Knoxville , the Tri-Cities and Chattanooga to the outer suburbs of Nashville . By the 2012 election , the Fourth District had been significantly altered as a result of redistricting . It lost all of its northeastern portion and was pushed west to take in suburban areas closer to Nashville , including Murfreesboro , previously the heart of the 6th district . The redrawn 4th contained about half of the constituents who resided in the former 4th district , with 14 of 24 counties moved elsewhere . DesJarlais was challenged by Democratic nominee and state senator Eric Stewart . For a time , it was thought that DesJarlais would face a primary challenge from state senator Bill Ketron , a Murfreesboro resident and the chairman of the state senate redistricting committee , but Ketron did not run . DesJarlais defeated Stewart 56%–44% , joining all the other incumbent members of Tennessee congressional delegation in winning reelection . 2014 . In 2014 DesJarlaiss seat was considered vulnerable , as controversy over the divorce record revelations returned to the fore . He had been reelected in 2012 with a reduced majority . DesJarlais held his seat . State senator Jim Tracy challenged DesJarlais in the primary . At the end of June 2013 , Tracy had raised nearly $750,000 ( including over $300,000 in the second quarter of 2013 ) for his bid . He raised an additional $150,000 in the fourth quarter and reported $840,000 cash on hand . By contrast , at the end of September , DesJarlais reported $170,000 cash on hand . DesJarlais won the primary by 38 votes . Tracy decided not to challenge the results , despite citing irregularities . 2016 . In January 2016 Politico rated Tennessees Fourth District one of the top five primary races to watch , and in March ranked DesJarlais one of the most vulnerable incumbents in the 2016 cycle ; he was one of only two Tennessee incumbents to face serious challenge . His primary opponents were attorney and conservative activist Grant Starrett , attorney and physician Yomi Fapas Faparusi and economic data specialist Erran Persley . The Murfreesboro Post described Starrett as running to the right of DesJarlais . After winning the primary , DesJarlais beat Democrat Steven Reynolds in the general election by a margin of 30 points . 2018 . DesJarlais was again challenged in the primary , but won by 40 points . He went on to win the general election by almost 30 points . 2020 . In 2020 DesJarlais defeated Republican primary challenger Doug Meyer , a veteran and former police officer . Christopher Hale won the Democratic primary to challenge DesJarlais . Hale is a pro-life Democrat and has strongly criticized DesJarlais for having pressured his mistress to get an abortion . Tenure . In December 2020 , DesJarlais was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v . Pennsylvania , a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election , in which Joe Biden defeated incumbent Donald Trump . The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state . House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of election subversion . She also reprimanded DesJarlais and the other House members who supported the lawsuit : The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House . Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution , they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions . New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell , citing section three of the 14th Amendment , called for Pelosi to not seat DesJarlais and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit , arguing that the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States . Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that . Committee assignments . - Committee on Agriculture - Subcommittee on Livestock and Foreign Agriculture - Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry - Committee on Foreign Affairs - Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific - Committee on Oversight and Government Reform - Subcommittee on Health Care , Benefits , and Administrative Rules Caucus memberships . - Freedom Caucus - Republican Study Committee - Republican Doctors Caucus - General Aviation Caucus - Congressional Caucus to Fight and Control Methamphetamine - Congressional Skin Care Caucus - Congressional Sportsmens Caucus - Congressional Chicken Caucus - Congressional Taiwan Caucus - Congressional Range and Testing Center Caucus - Congressional Aluminum Caucus - Congressional Arthritis Caucus - Congressional Diabetes Caucus - Cystic Fibrosis Caucus - Malaria Caucus - Border Security Caucus DesJarlais was the first member of the House Freedom Caucus to endorse Donald Trump for president of the United States . Sex , abortion , and drug scandals . In October 2012 the Huffington Post obtained a transcript of a September 2000 phone conversation in which DesJarlais pressured a mistress to get an abortion . He repeatedly denied that he had taped the conversation . In October he wrote to supporters on Facebook , The media wrongly reported that I recorded the conversation myself . I was recorded unknowingly and without my consent . Nine days before the general election a second woman said that she began dating DesJarlais while she was his patient . She alleged that the two smoked marijuana together and that he prescribed opioids for her while she was at his house . Two weeks after DesJarlais won the 2012 election , the Chattanooga Times Free Press obtained a full transcript of his 2001 divorce proceedings . The transcript revealed that he had admitted under oath to at least six sexual relationships with people he came in contact with while chief of staff at Grandview Medical Center in Jasper , Tennessee . Among them were three co-workers , two patients and a drug representative . The transcript also revealed that his former wife had had two abortions , and that DesJarlais had admitted under oath that he and his former wife had recorded the phone conversation with the mistress . One of the biggest mistakes I made was I commented to the press before I had the opportunity to go back and read a transcript that was 13 , 14 years old , he said in an interview with the Knoxville News Sentinel . It was never my intention to mislead anyone , and had I read this , I dont think the inaccuracies that occurred would have taken place . Three weeks after he won the election , DesJarlais said on a conservative talk radio show on WWTN that God has forgiven me and asked fellow Christians and constituents to consider doing the same . Formal reprimand . In October 2012 , the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington ( CREW ) requested that the Tennessee Board of Health investigate evidence that DesJarlais had had a sexual relationship with a patient , in violation of the Tennessee Medical Practice Act . The complaint was investigated and in May 2013 the Tennessee Board of Medical Examiners formally reprimanded DesJarlais for having sex with patients and fined him $500 , calculated by the Board as $250 per patient , and $1,000 in costs . He did not contest the charges . In November 2012 , after further details of the divorce proceedings were published , CREW asked the House of Representatives Office of Congressional Ethics to investigate whether DesJarlais had violated House ethics rules , asserting that he had blatantly lied when he denied having taped the telephone conversation . Personal life . DesJarlais and his second wife , Amy , have three children . They live in South Pittsburg . They are members of the Epiphany Mission Episcopal Church in Sherwood , Tennessee . During a trial for his divorce from his first wife in 2000 , DesJarlais testified that he had sexual affairs with at least two patients , three coworkers and a drug representative while he was working as a hospital chief of staff . Despite his public opposition to legal abortion , DesJarlais encouraged his ex-wife to terminate two pregnancies and encouraged a former patient with whom he was having an affair to get an abortion . In divorce documents , DesJarlaiss first wife accused him of “dry firing a gun outside [ her ] locked bedroom door , admission of suicidal ideation , holding a gun in his mouth for three hours , an incident of physical intimidation at the hospital ; and previous threatening behavior … i.e . shoving , tripping , pushing down , etc.” Health . In July 2014 , DesJarlais announced he was undergoing aggressive chemotherapy to treat cancer in his neck that had spread to a lymph node . In a campaign appearance during his illness he said the cancer had affected his voice but added that the type is curable 90% of the time . The cancer and chemotherapy caused him to lose over 40 pounds , limiting his ability to make appearances and campaign . In June 2015 , DesJarlais announced that he was cancer-free . |
[
"Parliament of Catalonia"
]
| easy | What was the position of Xavier Vendrell from Oct 1999 to Jun 2005? | /wiki/Xavier_Vendrell#P39#0 | Xavier Vendrell Xavier Vendrell i Segura , ( San Juan Despí ( Barcelona ) , 15 October 1966 ) is a Catalan entrepreneur . He presides over the Colombo-Catalan Chamber of Commerce and he is the chief executive officer of two entrepreneur groups Barcelona Export Group and Biomek Group . Social demograt politician , after more than twenty years dedicated to politics on the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , nowadays he is focused on the entrepreneur world and he does not hold any political responsibility . Biography . Education . Technical in National and International Transport , he studied Electronic Industrial Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya between 1984 and 1988 and Political Science at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia . In 2005 he did the postgraduate about Directorate-General for Enterprise in the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya . Professional experience . His career path begins as a salesperson in the family food distributor DISBAIX at the end of the 80s , after this he takes the management of the cooperative DIPEC which belongs to the same sector . During the early 90s he is hired by the supermarket chain Bonpreu-Esclat in order to implement the catalog sales , a pioneer bet in the distribution sector . When he starts working on the political sector , he combines the political party responsibilities with the management of the transport enterprise Amunt i Avall , until the mid-90s . After 15 years being exclusively dedicated to the political sector ( 1996–2010 ) , at the end of 2010 he assumes the management of Biomek group , a group of health enterprises dedicated to the corporal harm evaluation through the biomechanics . This group works providing solutions in this field , with an enterprise dedicated to the development and the scientific research ( Biomechanics Analysis ) , another dedicated to the rent and sale of laboratories ( Easy Beomechanics ) and a third one which is dedicated to the execution of biomechanical tests ( Injury Certification ) . In 2011 he founded Barcelona Export Group , consultancy dedicated to the internationalization of European enterprises . This enterprise is especially focused on Latin America , but it also develops other projects in China , Pakistan and the Persian Gulf . The company is headquartered in Barcelona and in Latin America the company has its headquarters in Bogotá ( Colombia ) . Political experience . He has been member of the Unió Excursionista de Catalunya or Unión Excursionista de Cataluña ( UEC ) since 1976 and he has been part of the committee between 1984 and 1986 . In 1988 he was president of the Asamblea de Estudiantes Independentistas de Universidad ( AEIU ) . After some years of affiliation to the independent left extra-parliamentary , in 1991 he joins the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , and the same year he is elected regional President , until the 1994 . In 1996 he is named Organization and Finance National Secretary of the party . He reaches his highest point being General Vice-secretary from 2006 to 2008 . At institutional level , in 1995 he is elected city councilor of the Sant Joan Despí city hall , taking charge of the environment department and being representative of the Baix Llobregat regional board , where he is responsible of the Consumption and Tourism area . In his second local mandate he is named Control and Monitoring Deputy Mayor , as well as Representative in the Metropolitan Community of Municipalities , at the beginning of 1999 . At the end of the same year , he is elected Member of the Parliament of Catalonia , position that he holds until the 2010 , including the interval on the Catalan Government . During this period in the Government he develops the general secretary functions of the Catalan Head of Government and the Government and Public Administration Counsellor of the Catalan Government . In 2007 he publishes a book entitled Disculpin les molèsties , in which he explains the best kept secrets of his party , Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and of the Catalan left government that ruled Catalonia from 2003 to the end of the 2010 , through a personal point of view . He presents the book in Barcelona 8 July in 2007 in front of a thousand people , approximately . |
[
""
]
| easy | Xavier Vendrell took which position in Apr 2006? | /wiki/Xavier_Vendrell#P39#1 | Xavier Vendrell Xavier Vendrell i Segura , ( San Juan Despí ( Barcelona ) , 15 October 1966 ) is a Catalan entrepreneur . He presides over the Colombo-Catalan Chamber of Commerce and he is the chief executive officer of two entrepreneur groups Barcelona Export Group and Biomek Group . Social demograt politician , after more than twenty years dedicated to politics on the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , nowadays he is focused on the entrepreneur world and he does not hold any political responsibility . Biography . Education . Technical in National and International Transport , he studied Electronic Industrial Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya between 1984 and 1988 and Political Science at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia . In 2005 he did the postgraduate about Directorate-General for Enterprise in the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya . Professional experience . His career path begins as a salesperson in the family food distributor DISBAIX at the end of the 80s , after this he takes the management of the cooperative DIPEC which belongs to the same sector . During the early 90s he is hired by the supermarket chain Bonpreu-Esclat in order to implement the catalog sales , a pioneer bet in the distribution sector . When he starts working on the political sector , he combines the political party responsibilities with the management of the transport enterprise Amunt i Avall , until the mid-90s . After 15 years being exclusively dedicated to the political sector ( 1996–2010 ) , at the end of 2010 he assumes the management of Biomek group , a group of health enterprises dedicated to the corporal harm evaluation through the biomechanics . This group works providing solutions in this field , with an enterprise dedicated to the development and the scientific research ( Biomechanics Analysis ) , another dedicated to the rent and sale of laboratories ( Easy Beomechanics ) and a third one which is dedicated to the execution of biomechanical tests ( Injury Certification ) . In 2011 he founded Barcelona Export Group , consultancy dedicated to the internationalization of European enterprises . This enterprise is especially focused on Latin America , but it also develops other projects in China , Pakistan and the Persian Gulf . The company is headquartered in Barcelona and in Latin America the company has its headquarters in Bogotá ( Colombia ) . Political experience . He has been member of the Unió Excursionista de Catalunya or Unión Excursionista de Cataluña ( UEC ) since 1976 and he has been part of the committee between 1984 and 1986 . In 1988 he was president of the Asamblea de Estudiantes Independentistas de Universidad ( AEIU ) . After some years of affiliation to the independent left extra-parliamentary , in 1991 he joins the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , and the same year he is elected regional President , until the 1994 . In 1996 he is named Organization and Finance National Secretary of the party . He reaches his highest point being General Vice-secretary from 2006 to 2008 . At institutional level , in 1995 he is elected city councilor of the Sant Joan Despí city hall , taking charge of the environment department and being representative of the Baix Llobregat regional board , where he is responsible of the Consumption and Tourism area . In his second local mandate he is named Control and Monitoring Deputy Mayor , as well as Representative in the Metropolitan Community of Municipalities , at the beginning of 1999 . At the end of the same year , he is elected Member of the Parliament of Catalonia , position that he holds until the 2010 , including the interval on the Catalan Government . During this period in the Government he develops the general secretary functions of the Catalan Head of Government and the Government and Public Administration Counsellor of the Catalan Government . In 2007 he publishes a book entitled Disculpin les molèsties , in which he explains the best kept secrets of his party , Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and of the Catalan left government that ruled Catalonia from 2003 to the end of the 2010 , through a personal point of view . He presents the book in Barcelona 8 July in 2007 in front of a thousand people , approximately . |
[
"Vice-secretary",
"Parliament of Catalonia"
]
| easy | What was the position of Xavier Vendrell from Oct 2006 to May 2010? | /wiki/Xavier_Vendrell#P39#2 | Xavier Vendrell Xavier Vendrell i Segura , ( San Juan Despí ( Barcelona ) , 15 October 1966 ) is a Catalan entrepreneur . He presides over the Colombo-Catalan Chamber of Commerce and he is the chief executive officer of two entrepreneur groups Barcelona Export Group and Biomek Group . Social demograt politician , after more than twenty years dedicated to politics on the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , nowadays he is focused on the entrepreneur world and he does not hold any political responsibility . Biography . Education . Technical in National and International Transport , he studied Electronic Industrial Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya between 1984 and 1988 and Political Science at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia . In 2005 he did the postgraduate about Directorate-General for Enterprise in the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya . Professional experience . His career path begins as a salesperson in the family food distributor DISBAIX at the end of the 80s , after this he takes the management of the cooperative DIPEC which belongs to the same sector . During the early 90s he is hired by the supermarket chain Bonpreu-Esclat in order to implement the catalog sales , a pioneer bet in the distribution sector . When he starts working on the political sector , he combines the political party responsibilities with the management of the transport enterprise Amunt i Avall , until the mid-90s . After 15 years being exclusively dedicated to the political sector ( 1996–2010 ) , at the end of 2010 he assumes the management of Biomek group , a group of health enterprises dedicated to the corporal harm evaluation through the biomechanics . This group works providing solutions in this field , with an enterprise dedicated to the development and the scientific research ( Biomechanics Analysis ) , another dedicated to the rent and sale of laboratories ( Easy Beomechanics ) and a third one which is dedicated to the execution of biomechanical tests ( Injury Certification ) . In 2011 he founded Barcelona Export Group , consultancy dedicated to the internationalization of European enterprises . This enterprise is especially focused on Latin America , but it also develops other projects in China , Pakistan and the Persian Gulf . The company is headquartered in Barcelona and in Latin America the company has its headquarters in Bogotá ( Colombia ) . Political experience . He has been member of the Unió Excursionista de Catalunya or Unión Excursionista de Cataluña ( UEC ) since 1976 and he has been part of the committee between 1984 and 1986 . In 1988 he was president of the Asamblea de Estudiantes Independentistas de Universidad ( AEIU ) . After some years of affiliation to the independent left extra-parliamentary , in 1991 he joins the Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya party , and the same year he is elected regional President , until the 1994 . In 1996 he is named Organization and Finance National Secretary of the party . He reaches his highest point being General Vice-secretary from 2006 to 2008 . At institutional level , in 1995 he is elected city councilor of the Sant Joan Despí city hall , taking charge of the environment department and being representative of the Baix Llobregat regional board , where he is responsible of the Consumption and Tourism area . In his second local mandate he is named Control and Monitoring Deputy Mayor , as well as Representative in the Metropolitan Community of Municipalities , at the beginning of 1999 . At the end of the same year , he is elected Member of the Parliament of Catalonia , position that he holds until the 2010 , including the interval on the Catalan Government . During this period in the Government he develops the general secretary functions of the Catalan Head of Government and the Government and Public Administration Counsellor of the Catalan Government . In 2007 he publishes a book entitled Disculpin les molèsties , in which he explains the best kept secrets of his party , Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and of the Catalan left government that ruled Catalonia from 2003 to the end of the 2010 , through a personal point of view . He presents the book in Barcelona 8 July in 2007 in front of a thousand people , approximately . |
[
"Lawrenceville School"
]
| easy | Christopher DeMuth went to which school from 1963 to 1964? | /wiki/Christopher_DeMuth#P69#0 | Christopher DeMuth Christopher C . DeMuth ( born August 5 , 1946 ) is an American lawyer and a distinguished fellow at the Hudson Institute . He was the president of the American Enterprise Institute ( AEI ) , a conservative think tank , from 1986 to 2008 . DeMuth is widely credited with reviving AEIs fortunes after its near-bankruptcy in 1986 and leading the institute to new levels of influence and growth . Before joining AEI , DeMuth worked on regulatory issues in the Ronald Reagan administration . Education and career . DeMuth attended the Lawrenceville School , graduating in 1964 . He graduated from Harvard College in 1968 , after which he worked at the Nixon White House helping to draft speeches on environmentalism , affordable housing , and womens issues . In his youth , he was a member of the politically moderate Ripon Society . After attending law school at the University of Chicago , he worked for law firm Sidley & Austin , the Consolidated Rail Corporation , and Harvards Kennedy School of Government , where he taught that corporations cannot be racist because that would put them at a competitive disadvantage , if they were not hiring the best personnel regardless of race , and would therefore go out of business . When Reagan took office in 1981 , DeMuth joined the administration as administrator for information and regulatory affairs at the Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief . He was known as Reagans deregulation czar . DeMuth later ran an economics consulting firm and edited and published AEIs Regulation magazine . Presidency of AEI . DeMuth is said to have read AEI publications as an undergraduate and used them as a lecturer at Harvard . He was appointed president of AEI at a time of crisis for the institute , after the turbulent presidency of William J . Baroody Jr . AEI was a respected institution , but Baroody had been careful to keep AEI in the political mainstream . DeMuth returned the institute to its conservative and small-government principles , allowing it to compete with The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute , and bringing in more money from conservative foundations . DeMuth restored AEIs financial fortunes , eliminating $9 million in debt and generating an asset balance of over $75 million . He also more than tripled AEIs budget during his presidency . DeMuth presided over the institute as a number of high-profile scholars joined AEI , including Charles Murray , Richard and Lynne Cheney , Michael Barone , James K . Glassman , Newt Gingrich , Karl Zinsmeister , and Ayaan Hirsi Ali . As many as twenty AEI scholars served in the George W . Bush administration . AEI scholars also influenced the administration . Announcing his departure from AEI in 2007 , DeMuth noted that the Iraq surge strategy was devised at AEI . DeMuth oversaw the creation of an AEI magazine , the founding a joint center on regulation with the Brookings Institution ( DeMuth was a fellow at the center ) , the expansion of AEIs publications , the founding of AEIs National Research Initiative to underwrite and promote research by university-based academics and independent scholars , a reorientation of AEIs foreign policy division to focus on the Middle East , and the merger of the National Legal Center for the Public Interest into AEI to form the AEI Legal Center for the Public Interest . In addition to promoting the role of think tanks in public policy research and the flexibility that they have in developing innovative ideas over long periods of time , DeMuth has also been bullish on the role of the corporation in U.S . life . [ T ] hey are . . . the single most important positive force in American politics , he said in 1992 . The corporation is the transmission belt of much of our saving , prosperity , and progress . It is the place where many Americans pursue their vocations and spend most of their lives , he said in 2007 . The corporation is a vital , reality-based counterweight to those for whom politics is primary . DeMuth announced his retirement as president in October 2007 , and became a senior fellow at AEI at the beginning of 2009 . His announcement was met with praise and criticism . Conservative writers referred to him as charming and brilliant and wrote : It is just remotely possible that there may be someone whose contributions to American intellectual life over the past two decades have equaled those of Christopher DeMuth . Liberal critics have noted their disapproval of DeMuth . Since retiring as president of AEI , DeMuth has held the D.C . Searle Chair there , researching government regulation , culture , and U.S . politics . He has also been active in promoting the work of prominent 20th century U.S . political thinkers , calling them proponents of ideas timely , topical , pertinent , and relevant to today . Personal . DeMuth is married to Susan DeMuth , a physician , and they have three children . He is a board member of the State Farm Insurance Companies . Bibliography . - Christopher DeMuth and William Kristol , eds . The Neoconservative Imagination : Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol . Washington : AEI Press , 1995 . ( ) - Robert W . Crandall , Christopher DeMuth , Robert W . Hahn , Robert E . Litan , Pietro S . Nivola , Paul R . Portney . An Agenda for Federal Regulatory Reform . Washington : AEI Press , 1997 . ( ) - Christopher DeMuth and Yuval Levin , eds . Religion and the American Future . Washington : AEI Press , 2008 . ( ) External links . - Christopher DeMuths profile at the American Enterprise Institutes website |
[
"Harvard College"
]
| easy | Christopher DeMuth went to which school from 1964 to 1968? | /wiki/Christopher_DeMuth#P69#1 | Christopher DeMuth Christopher C . DeMuth ( born August 5 , 1946 ) is an American lawyer and a distinguished fellow at the Hudson Institute . He was the president of the American Enterprise Institute ( AEI ) , a conservative think tank , from 1986 to 2008 . DeMuth is widely credited with reviving AEIs fortunes after its near-bankruptcy in 1986 and leading the institute to new levels of influence and growth . Before joining AEI , DeMuth worked on regulatory issues in the Ronald Reagan administration . Education and career . DeMuth attended the Lawrenceville School , graduating in 1964 . He graduated from Harvard College in 1968 , after which he worked at the Nixon White House helping to draft speeches on environmentalism , affordable housing , and womens issues . In his youth , he was a member of the politically moderate Ripon Society . After attending law school at the University of Chicago , he worked for law firm Sidley & Austin , the Consolidated Rail Corporation , and Harvards Kennedy School of Government , where he taught that corporations cannot be racist because that would put them at a competitive disadvantage , if they were not hiring the best personnel regardless of race , and would therefore go out of business . When Reagan took office in 1981 , DeMuth joined the administration as administrator for information and regulatory affairs at the Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief . He was known as Reagans deregulation czar . DeMuth later ran an economics consulting firm and edited and published AEIs Regulation magazine . Presidency of AEI . DeMuth is said to have read AEI publications as an undergraduate and used them as a lecturer at Harvard . He was appointed president of AEI at a time of crisis for the institute , after the turbulent presidency of William J . Baroody Jr . AEI was a respected institution , but Baroody had been careful to keep AEI in the political mainstream . DeMuth returned the institute to its conservative and small-government principles , allowing it to compete with The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute , and bringing in more money from conservative foundations . DeMuth restored AEIs financial fortunes , eliminating $9 million in debt and generating an asset balance of over $75 million . He also more than tripled AEIs budget during his presidency . DeMuth presided over the institute as a number of high-profile scholars joined AEI , including Charles Murray , Richard and Lynne Cheney , Michael Barone , James K . Glassman , Newt Gingrich , Karl Zinsmeister , and Ayaan Hirsi Ali . As many as twenty AEI scholars served in the George W . Bush administration . AEI scholars also influenced the administration . Announcing his departure from AEI in 2007 , DeMuth noted that the Iraq surge strategy was devised at AEI . DeMuth oversaw the creation of an AEI magazine , the founding a joint center on regulation with the Brookings Institution ( DeMuth was a fellow at the center ) , the expansion of AEIs publications , the founding of AEIs National Research Initiative to underwrite and promote research by university-based academics and independent scholars , a reorientation of AEIs foreign policy division to focus on the Middle East , and the merger of the National Legal Center for the Public Interest into AEI to form the AEI Legal Center for the Public Interest . In addition to promoting the role of think tanks in public policy research and the flexibility that they have in developing innovative ideas over long periods of time , DeMuth has also been bullish on the role of the corporation in U.S . life . [ T ] hey are . . . the single most important positive force in American politics , he said in 1992 . The corporation is the transmission belt of much of our saving , prosperity , and progress . It is the place where many Americans pursue their vocations and spend most of their lives , he said in 2007 . The corporation is a vital , reality-based counterweight to those for whom politics is primary . DeMuth announced his retirement as president in October 2007 , and became a senior fellow at AEI at the beginning of 2009 . His announcement was met with praise and criticism . Conservative writers referred to him as charming and brilliant and wrote : It is just remotely possible that there may be someone whose contributions to American intellectual life over the past two decades have equaled those of Christopher DeMuth . Liberal critics have noted their disapproval of DeMuth . Since retiring as president of AEI , DeMuth has held the D.C . Searle Chair there , researching government regulation , culture , and U.S . politics . He has also been active in promoting the work of prominent 20th century U.S . political thinkers , calling them proponents of ideas timely , topical , pertinent , and relevant to today . Personal . DeMuth is married to Susan DeMuth , a physician , and they have three children . He is a board member of the State Farm Insurance Companies . Bibliography . - Christopher DeMuth and William Kristol , eds . The Neoconservative Imagination : Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol . Washington : AEI Press , 1995 . ( ) - Robert W . Crandall , Christopher DeMuth , Robert W . Hahn , Robert E . Litan , Pietro S . Nivola , Paul R . Portney . An Agenda for Federal Regulatory Reform . Washington : AEI Press , 1997 . ( ) - Christopher DeMuth and Yuval Levin , eds . Religion and the American Future . Washington : AEI Press , 2008 . ( ) External links . - Christopher DeMuths profile at the American Enterprise Institutes website |
[
""
]
| easy | Where was Christopher DeMuth educated from 1968 to 1973? | /wiki/Christopher_DeMuth#P69#2 | Christopher DeMuth Christopher C . DeMuth ( born August 5 , 1946 ) is an American lawyer and a distinguished fellow at the Hudson Institute . He was the president of the American Enterprise Institute ( AEI ) , a conservative think tank , from 1986 to 2008 . DeMuth is widely credited with reviving AEIs fortunes after its near-bankruptcy in 1986 and leading the institute to new levels of influence and growth . Before joining AEI , DeMuth worked on regulatory issues in the Ronald Reagan administration . Education and career . DeMuth attended the Lawrenceville School , graduating in 1964 . He graduated from Harvard College in 1968 , after which he worked at the Nixon White House helping to draft speeches on environmentalism , affordable housing , and womens issues . In his youth , he was a member of the politically moderate Ripon Society . After attending law school at the University of Chicago , he worked for law firm Sidley & Austin , the Consolidated Rail Corporation , and Harvards Kennedy School of Government , where he taught that corporations cannot be racist because that would put them at a competitive disadvantage , if they were not hiring the best personnel regardless of race , and would therefore go out of business . When Reagan took office in 1981 , DeMuth joined the administration as administrator for information and regulatory affairs at the Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief . He was known as Reagans deregulation czar . DeMuth later ran an economics consulting firm and edited and published AEIs Regulation magazine . Presidency of AEI . DeMuth is said to have read AEI publications as an undergraduate and used them as a lecturer at Harvard . He was appointed president of AEI at a time of crisis for the institute , after the turbulent presidency of William J . Baroody Jr . AEI was a respected institution , but Baroody had been careful to keep AEI in the political mainstream . DeMuth returned the institute to its conservative and small-government principles , allowing it to compete with The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute , and bringing in more money from conservative foundations . DeMuth restored AEIs financial fortunes , eliminating $9 million in debt and generating an asset balance of over $75 million . He also more than tripled AEIs budget during his presidency . DeMuth presided over the institute as a number of high-profile scholars joined AEI , including Charles Murray , Richard and Lynne Cheney , Michael Barone , James K . Glassman , Newt Gingrich , Karl Zinsmeister , and Ayaan Hirsi Ali . As many as twenty AEI scholars served in the George W . Bush administration . AEI scholars also influenced the administration . Announcing his departure from AEI in 2007 , DeMuth noted that the Iraq surge strategy was devised at AEI . DeMuth oversaw the creation of an AEI magazine , the founding a joint center on regulation with the Brookings Institution ( DeMuth was a fellow at the center ) , the expansion of AEIs publications , the founding of AEIs National Research Initiative to underwrite and promote research by university-based academics and independent scholars , a reorientation of AEIs foreign policy division to focus on the Middle East , and the merger of the National Legal Center for the Public Interest into AEI to form the AEI Legal Center for the Public Interest . In addition to promoting the role of think tanks in public policy research and the flexibility that they have in developing innovative ideas over long periods of time , DeMuth has also been bullish on the role of the corporation in U.S . life . [ T ] hey are . . . the single most important positive force in American politics , he said in 1992 . The corporation is the transmission belt of much of our saving , prosperity , and progress . It is the place where many Americans pursue their vocations and spend most of their lives , he said in 2007 . The corporation is a vital , reality-based counterweight to those for whom politics is primary . DeMuth announced his retirement as president in October 2007 , and became a senior fellow at AEI at the beginning of 2009 . His announcement was met with praise and criticism . Conservative writers referred to him as charming and brilliant and wrote : It is just remotely possible that there may be someone whose contributions to American intellectual life over the past two decades have equaled those of Christopher DeMuth . Liberal critics have noted their disapproval of DeMuth . Since retiring as president of AEI , DeMuth has held the D.C . Searle Chair there , researching government regulation , culture , and U.S . politics . He has also been active in promoting the work of prominent 20th century U.S . political thinkers , calling them proponents of ideas timely , topical , pertinent , and relevant to today . Personal . DeMuth is married to Susan DeMuth , a physician , and they have three children . He is a board member of the State Farm Insurance Companies . Bibliography . - Christopher DeMuth and William Kristol , eds . The Neoconservative Imagination : Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol . Washington : AEI Press , 1995 . ( ) - Robert W . Crandall , Christopher DeMuth , Robert W . Hahn , Robert E . Litan , Pietro S . Nivola , Paul R . Portney . An Agenda for Federal Regulatory Reform . Washington : AEI Press , 1997 . ( ) - Christopher DeMuth and Yuval Levin , eds . Religion and the American Future . Washington : AEI Press , 2008 . ( ) External links . - Christopher DeMuths profile at the American Enterprise Institutes website |
[
"Celtic"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Willie McStay (footballer, born 1961) belong to from 1981 to 1987? | /wiki/Willie_McStay_(footballer,_born_1961)#P54#0 | Willie McStay ( footballer , born 1961 ) William John McStay ( born 26 November 1961 ) is a Scottish former footballer and manager of clubs including Sligo Rovers , Újpest FC , Ross County and Celtic Nation . Playing career . Born in Hamilton , McStay played for Celtic from 1979 to 1987 . McStay made his debut on 2 April 1983 when he came on as a sub in Celtics 3–1 home win over Motherwell and went on to make 65 league appearances , including 10 as a substitute , scoring two goals . McStay transferred to Huddersfield Town in March 1987 and later played for Notts County and Hartlepool United . Coaching career . McStay was player/manager at Sligo Rovers from 1992 to 1994 and he led them to a historic treble in 1993–94 , when they won the First Division , First Division Shield and the FAI Cup . In 1994 , the Scot left Sligo just before the start of the new season after being approached by Celtic to become their youth team coach . McStay was appointed the head coach of Celtic Reserves in January 2007 , and worked in that role at the club until July 2009 , when he left to take up the role as manager of Újpest FC in Budapest , Hungary . His assistant at Celtic and at Újpest was Joe McBride . McStay resigned as Head Coach of Újpest in April 2010 , and was replaced by Géza Mészöly . McStay returned to Celtic in April 2010 to take charge of the reserve side again after leaving Újpest , before departing 2 months later . On 25 November 2010 , McStay was appointed manager of Ross County . McStay left the club by mutual consent after less than three months as manager . McStay had taken charge of only nine games , none of which were won , during that time . McStay was appointed assistant manager of Stockport County in July 2011 by manager Dietmar Hamann . After Hamanns departure , in November , new manager Jim Gannon kept McStay on as his assistant . McStay took over as manager of Northern League Division One team Celtic Nation in September 2013 . McStay led his side to their first trophy as Celtic Nation on 29 April 2014 , defeating Aspatria 3–0 in the Cumberland Cup Final . McStay went on to lead the side to a second-place finish in the league , and went undefeated in their final 14 league games of the season . However , this was not enough to gain promotion to the Northern Premier League . Over the following weeks , a financial review was carried out at the club which resulted in many of their players leaving . Matters reached a head in July 2014 when owner Frank Lynch sold the club on to former chairman Steve Skinner . Amidst the turmoil at the club , McStay resigned . Personal life . McStay is a member of a notable football family , being the elder brother of former Celtic and Scotland midfielder Paul . Their younger brother Ray had a less notable career as a footballer after also starting out at Celtic , and their father John worked as a scout for the club . Great-uncles Willie and Jimmy McStay also played for Celtic and both captained the team in the 1920s , with Jimmy later also serving as manager . Willies son John was also a footballer who played as a defender for Motherwell and Ayr United in the 2000s before becoming an academy coach at Celtic ; he should not be confused with Johnny McStay who played for various clubs at Junior level in the 2010s ; who is the son of Willies cousin , former player Jock McStay . His nephew Chris ( Pauls son ) is also a footballer . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Cup : 1984–85 - Scottish Premier Division : 1985–86 Sligo Rovers - League of Ireland First Division : 1993–94 - League of Ireland First Division Shield : 1993–94 - FAI Cup : 1993–94 Manager . Sligo Rovers - League of Ireland First Division : 1993–94 - League of Ireland First Division Shield : 1993–94 - FAI Cup : 1993–94 Celtic - Reserves - SPL Reserve League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 - Youth - SPL Under-19 League : 2003–04 , 2004–05 , 2005–06 - SPL Under-18 League : 1999–2000 , 2002–03 - SFL Youth League : 1994–95 - Scottish Youth Cup : 1995–96 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 , 2002–03 , 2004–05 , 2005–06 - Glasgow Cup : 1996–97 , 1997–98 - Celtic Nation - Cumberland Senior Cup : 2013–14 |
[
"Sligo Rovers"
]
| easy | Which team did the player Willie McStay (footballer, born 1961) belong to from 1987 to 1994? | /wiki/Willie_McStay_(footballer,_born_1961)#P54#1 | Willie McStay ( footballer , born 1961 ) William John McStay ( born 26 November 1961 ) is a Scottish former footballer and manager of clubs including Sligo Rovers , Újpest FC , Ross County and Celtic Nation . Playing career . Born in Hamilton , McStay played for Celtic from 1979 to 1987 . McStay made his debut on 2 April 1983 when he came on as a sub in Celtics 3–1 home win over Motherwell and went on to make 65 league appearances , including 10 as a substitute , scoring two goals . McStay transferred to Huddersfield Town in March 1987 and later played for Notts County and Hartlepool United . Coaching career . McStay was player/manager at Sligo Rovers from 1992 to 1994 and he led them to a historic treble in 1993–94 , when they won the First Division , First Division Shield and the FAI Cup . In 1994 , the Scot left Sligo just before the start of the new season after being approached by Celtic to become their youth team coach . McStay was appointed the head coach of Celtic Reserves in January 2007 , and worked in that role at the club until July 2009 , when he left to take up the role as manager of Újpest FC in Budapest , Hungary . His assistant at Celtic and at Újpest was Joe McBride . McStay resigned as Head Coach of Újpest in April 2010 , and was replaced by Géza Mészöly . McStay returned to Celtic in April 2010 to take charge of the reserve side again after leaving Újpest , before departing 2 months later . On 25 November 2010 , McStay was appointed manager of Ross County . McStay left the club by mutual consent after less than three months as manager . McStay had taken charge of only nine games , none of which were won , during that time . McStay was appointed assistant manager of Stockport County in July 2011 by manager Dietmar Hamann . After Hamanns departure , in November , new manager Jim Gannon kept McStay on as his assistant . McStay took over as manager of Northern League Division One team Celtic Nation in September 2013 . McStay led his side to their first trophy as Celtic Nation on 29 April 2014 , defeating Aspatria 3–0 in the Cumberland Cup Final . McStay went on to lead the side to a second-place finish in the league , and went undefeated in their final 14 league games of the season . However , this was not enough to gain promotion to the Northern Premier League . Over the following weeks , a financial review was carried out at the club which resulted in many of their players leaving . Matters reached a head in July 2014 when owner Frank Lynch sold the club on to former chairman Steve Skinner . Amidst the turmoil at the club , McStay resigned . Personal life . McStay is a member of a notable football family , being the elder brother of former Celtic and Scotland midfielder Paul . Their younger brother Ray had a less notable career as a footballer after also starting out at Celtic , and their father John worked as a scout for the club . Great-uncles Willie and Jimmy McStay also played for Celtic and both captained the team in the 1920s , with Jimmy later also serving as manager . Willies son John was also a footballer who played as a defender for Motherwell and Ayr United in the 2000s before becoming an academy coach at Celtic ; he should not be confused with Johnny McStay who played for various clubs at Junior level in the 2010s ; who is the son of Willies cousin , former player Jock McStay . His nephew Chris ( Pauls son ) is also a footballer . Honours . Player . Celtic - Scottish Cup : 1984–85 - Scottish Premier Division : 1985–86 Sligo Rovers - League of Ireland First Division : 1993–94 - League of Ireland First Division Shield : 1993–94 - FAI Cup : 1993–94 Manager . Sligo Rovers - League of Ireland First Division : 1993–94 - League of Ireland First Division Shield : 1993–94 - FAI Cup : 1993–94 Celtic - Reserves - SPL Reserve League : 2006–07 , 2007–08 , 2008–09 - Youth - SPL Under-19 League : 2003–04 , 2004–05 , 2005–06 - SPL Under-18 League : 1999–2000 , 2002–03 - SFL Youth League : 1994–95 - Scottish Youth Cup : 1995–96 , 1996–97 , 1998–99 , 2002–03 , 2004–05 , 2005–06 - Glasgow Cup : 1996–97 , 1997–98 - Celtic Nation - Cumberland Senior Cup : 2013–14 |
[
"Frunze Military Academy"
]
| easy | Matvei Zakharov went to which school from 1927 to 1928? | /wiki/Matvei_Zakharov#P69#0 | Matvei Zakharov Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov ( ; August 17 , 1898 – January 31 , 1972 ) was Marshal of the Soviet Union , Chief of the General Staff , Deputy Defense Minister . Biography . Zakharov was born in Voylovo , a village in Kalininsky District , Tver Oblast to peasant parents . Zakharov joined the Red Guards ( precursor to the Red Army ) in 1917 . He served under Kliment Voroshilov during the Russian Civil War . Zakharov graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1928 , and from Soviet General Staff Academy in 1937 ( his graduation was actually a year ahead of schedule , due to the lack of officers in the Red Army because of the explosive growth of the army , as well as Stalins purges. ) Zakharov held a number of high-ranking positions before World War II even began . In 1937 he was made the Chief of Staff of the Leningrad Military District , then in 1938–1940 he was the Deputy Chief of the General Staff , and then the Chief of Staff of the Odessa Military District . By the end of 1941 , after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa , he was moved north , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Northwestern Theatre . Soon thereafter , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Kalinin Front , a role he held for most of 1942 . In 1943 , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Steppe Front , which was renamed the 2nd Ukrainian Front around mid-year . It was in this capacity that Zakharov proved himself as one of the Soviet Union’s top military commanders . He helped plan a number of brilliant operations against German forces , first as a subordinate to Marshal Ivan Konev , and then under Marshal Rodion Malinovsky . After the cessation of hostilities with Germany , Zakharov was transferred east , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Transbaikal Front , and helped plan the subsequent Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation . After the war , Zakharov held a number of key positions in the army . In 1945–1960 , Zakharov was the Commandant of the General Staff Academy , Deputy Chief of the General Staff , Chief Inspector of the Army , Commanding General of the Leningrad Military District and Commander in Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany . On May 8 , 1959 , Zakharov was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union . After attaining that rank , Zakharov was simultaneously made Chief of the General Staff and Deputy Minister of Defence in 1960–1963 . He then briefly went back to the General Staff Academy where he was once again the commandant until 1964 , when he was made the Deputy Minister of Defense and again Chief of the General Staff , a post he held until his retirement in 1971 . Marshal M . V . Zakharov died on January 31 , 1972 . The urn containing his ashes is buried by the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . Honours and awards . - Hero of the Soviet Union ( 8 September 1945 , 22 September 1971 ) - Five Orders of Lenin ( 21 February 1945 , 8 September 1945 , 21 June 1957 , 2 February 1958 , 22 February 1968 ) - Order of the October Revolution ( 16 August 1968 ) - Order of the Red Banner , four times ( 22 February 1938 , 31 December 1942 , 3 November 1944 , 6 November 1947 ) - Order of Suvorov , 1st class , twice ( 13 September 1944 , 28 April 1945 ) - Order of Kutuzov , 1st class , twice ( 27 August 1943 , 22 February 1944 ) - Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky , 1st class ( 17 May 1944 ) - Order of the Red Star ( 31 December 1939 ) - Honorary weapon with gold National Emblem of the Soviet Union ( 22 February 1968 ) - Jubilee Medal XX Years of the Workers and Peasants Red Army - Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ( 28 April 1970 ) - Order of Klement Gottwald Further reading . - Колпакиди А. , Север А . ГРУ . Уникальная энциклопедия . — М. : Яуза Эксмо , 2009 . — С . 692-693 . — 720 с . — ( Энциклопедия спецназа ) . — 5000 экз . — - Richard Woff : Matvei Vasilievich Zakharov , in : Shukman Harold : Stalins Generals ( New York 1993 ) . ( See also Shukman , Harold ( 2001 ) . Stalins Generals . Phoenix Press . . ) - B.Z . Gryaznow : Marschall Sacharow ( Moskau 1979 ) -russisch |
[
"Soviet General Staff Academy"
]
| easy | Which school did Matvei Zakharov go to from 1928 to 1933? | /wiki/Matvei_Zakharov#P69#1 | Matvei Zakharov Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov ( ; August 17 , 1898 – January 31 , 1972 ) was Marshal of the Soviet Union , Chief of the General Staff , Deputy Defense Minister . Biography . Zakharov was born in Voylovo , a village in Kalininsky District , Tver Oblast to peasant parents . Zakharov joined the Red Guards ( precursor to the Red Army ) in 1917 . He served under Kliment Voroshilov during the Russian Civil War . Zakharov graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1928 , and from Soviet General Staff Academy in 1937 ( his graduation was actually a year ahead of schedule , due to the lack of officers in the Red Army because of the explosive growth of the army , as well as Stalins purges. ) Zakharov held a number of high-ranking positions before World War II even began . In 1937 he was made the Chief of Staff of the Leningrad Military District , then in 1938–1940 he was the Deputy Chief of the General Staff , and then the Chief of Staff of the Odessa Military District . By the end of 1941 , after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa , he was moved north , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Northwestern Theatre . Soon thereafter , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Kalinin Front , a role he held for most of 1942 . In 1943 , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Steppe Front , which was renamed the 2nd Ukrainian Front around mid-year . It was in this capacity that Zakharov proved himself as one of the Soviet Union’s top military commanders . He helped plan a number of brilliant operations against German forces , first as a subordinate to Marshal Ivan Konev , and then under Marshal Rodion Malinovsky . After the cessation of hostilities with Germany , Zakharov was transferred east , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Transbaikal Front , and helped plan the subsequent Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation . After the war , Zakharov held a number of key positions in the army . In 1945–1960 , Zakharov was the Commandant of the General Staff Academy , Deputy Chief of the General Staff , Chief Inspector of the Army , Commanding General of the Leningrad Military District and Commander in Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany . On May 8 , 1959 , Zakharov was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union . After attaining that rank , Zakharov was simultaneously made Chief of the General Staff and Deputy Minister of Defence in 1960–1963 . He then briefly went back to the General Staff Academy where he was once again the commandant until 1964 , when he was made the Deputy Minister of Defense and again Chief of the General Staff , a post he held until his retirement in 1971 . Marshal M . V . Zakharov died on January 31 , 1972 . The urn containing his ashes is buried by the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . Honours and awards . - Hero of the Soviet Union ( 8 September 1945 , 22 September 1971 ) - Five Orders of Lenin ( 21 February 1945 , 8 September 1945 , 21 June 1957 , 2 February 1958 , 22 February 1968 ) - Order of the October Revolution ( 16 August 1968 ) - Order of the Red Banner , four times ( 22 February 1938 , 31 December 1942 , 3 November 1944 , 6 November 1947 ) - Order of Suvorov , 1st class , twice ( 13 September 1944 , 28 April 1945 ) - Order of Kutuzov , 1st class , twice ( 27 August 1943 , 22 February 1944 ) - Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky , 1st class ( 17 May 1944 ) - Order of the Red Star ( 31 December 1939 ) - Honorary weapon with gold National Emblem of the Soviet Union ( 22 February 1968 ) - Jubilee Medal XX Years of the Workers and Peasants Red Army - Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ( 28 April 1970 ) - Order of Klement Gottwald Further reading . - Колпакиди А. , Север А . ГРУ . Уникальная энциклопедия . — М. : Яуза Эксмо , 2009 . — С . 692-693 . — 720 с . — ( Энциклопедия спецназа ) . — 5000 экз . — - Richard Woff : Matvei Vasilievich Zakharov , in : Shukman Harold : Stalins Generals ( New York 1993 ) . ( See also Shukman , Harold ( 2001 ) . Stalins Generals . Phoenix Press . . ) - B.Z . Gryaznow : Marschall Sacharow ( Moskau 1979 ) -russisch |
[
"Chief of Staff of the Leningrad Military District"
]
| easy | Matvei Zakharov went to which school from 1933 to 1937? | /wiki/Matvei_Zakharov#P69#2 | Matvei Zakharov Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov ( ; August 17 , 1898 – January 31 , 1972 ) was Marshal of the Soviet Union , Chief of the General Staff , Deputy Defense Minister . Biography . Zakharov was born in Voylovo , a village in Kalininsky District , Tver Oblast to peasant parents . Zakharov joined the Red Guards ( precursor to the Red Army ) in 1917 . He served under Kliment Voroshilov during the Russian Civil War . Zakharov graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1928 , and from Soviet General Staff Academy in 1937 ( his graduation was actually a year ahead of schedule , due to the lack of officers in the Red Army because of the explosive growth of the army , as well as Stalins purges. ) Zakharov held a number of high-ranking positions before World War II even began . In 1937 he was made the Chief of Staff of the Leningrad Military District , then in 1938–1940 he was the Deputy Chief of the General Staff , and then the Chief of Staff of the Odessa Military District . By the end of 1941 , after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa , he was moved north , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Northwestern Theatre . Soon thereafter , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Kalinin Front , a role he held for most of 1942 . In 1943 , he was made the Chief of Staff of the Steppe Front , which was renamed the 2nd Ukrainian Front around mid-year . It was in this capacity that Zakharov proved himself as one of the Soviet Union’s top military commanders . He helped plan a number of brilliant operations against German forces , first as a subordinate to Marshal Ivan Konev , and then under Marshal Rodion Malinovsky . After the cessation of hostilities with Germany , Zakharov was transferred east , where he was made the Chief of Staff of the Transbaikal Front , and helped plan the subsequent Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation . After the war , Zakharov held a number of key positions in the army . In 1945–1960 , Zakharov was the Commandant of the General Staff Academy , Deputy Chief of the General Staff , Chief Inspector of the Army , Commanding General of the Leningrad Military District and Commander in Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany . On May 8 , 1959 , Zakharov was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union . After attaining that rank , Zakharov was simultaneously made Chief of the General Staff and Deputy Minister of Defence in 1960–1963 . He then briefly went back to the General Staff Academy where he was once again the commandant until 1964 , when he was made the Deputy Minister of Defense and again Chief of the General Staff , a post he held until his retirement in 1971 . Marshal M . V . Zakharov died on January 31 , 1972 . The urn containing his ashes is buried by the Kremlin Wall Necropolis . Honours and awards . - Hero of the Soviet Union ( 8 September 1945 , 22 September 1971 ) - Five Orders of Lenin ( 21 February 1945 , 8 September 1945 , 21 June 1957 , 2 February 1958 , 22 February 1968 ) - Order of the October Revolution ( 16 August 1968 ) - Order of the Red Banner , four times ( 22 February 1938 , 31 December 1942 , 3 November 1944 , 6 November 1947 ) - Order of Suvorov , 1st class , twice ( 13 September 1944 , 28 April 1945 ) - Order of Kutuzov , 1st class , twice ( 27 August 1943 , 22 February 1944 ) - Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky , 1st class ( 17 May 1944 ) - Order of the Red Star ( 31 December 1939 ) - Honorary weapon with gold National Emblem of the Soviet Union ( 22 February 1968 ) - Jubilee Medal XX Years of the Workers and Peasants Red Army - Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ( 28 April 1970 ) - Order of Klement Gottwald Further reading . - Колпакиди А. , Север А . ГРУ . Уникальная энциклопедия . — М. : Яуза Эксмо , 2009 . — С . 692-693 . — 720 с . — ( Энциклопедия спецназа ) . — 5000 экз . — - Richard Woff : Matvei Vasilievich Zakharov , in : Shukman Harold : Stalins Generals ( New York 1993 ) . ( See also Shukman , Harold ( 2001 ) . Stalins Generals . Phoenix Press . . ) - B.Z . Gryaznow : Marschall Sacharow ( Moskau 1979 ) -russisch |
[
"Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität"
]
| easy | Who did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for from 1876 to 1883? | /wiki/Ulrich_von_Wilamowitz-Moellendorff#P108#0 | Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931 ) was a German classical philologist . Wilamowitz , as he is known in scholarly circles , was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature . Life . Youth . Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz ( Markowice ) , a small village near Hohensalza ( Inowrocław ) , in the then Province of Posen ( now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ) , to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry . His father , a Prussian Junker , was Arnold Wilamowitz , of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms , while his mother was Ulrika , née Calbo . The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836 . The Prussian part of their name , von Moellendorf , was acquired in 1813 , when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrichs ancestors . Wilamowitz , a third child , grew up in East Prussia . In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his Abitur at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta . Studies . Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn . His teachers , Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener , had a formative influence on him . Willamowitzs relationship with Usener was strained . He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels . Together with Diels , he moved to Berlin in 1869 , where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870 . After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War , he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece . Conflict with Nietzsche and Wagner . Even before he gained a professorial title , Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsches Birth of Tragedy that attracted much attention . In 1872–73 , he published two unusually aggressive polemics ( German : Zukunftsphilologie , i.e . Philology of the future ) , which strongly attacked Nietzsche ( then Professor at the University of Basel ) and Professor Erwin Rohde ( University of Kiel ) . Richard Wagner , whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde , reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response . The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides , on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy . Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought , unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method . His polemic was considered as Classical philologys reply to Nietzsches challenge . At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs , he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique . He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagners musical drama , but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsches rape of historical facts and all historical method . Greifswald . In 1875 , he gained a professorial title for his study Analecta Euripidea . In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin . In 1876 , he was employed as Ordinarius ( full professor ) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald . During this period , he also married Marie Mommsen , the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen , and published Homeric Studies ( Homerische Studien ) . Göttingen . In 1883 , he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen . Here , he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History . His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague , Julius Wellhausen , in Göttingen . In 1891 , he became vice-chancellor of the university , and he was appointed a member of Göttingens Royal Academy of Sciences one year later . When Wilamowitz left Göttingen , he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel , a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald . Berlin . In 1897 , with the support of his friend Diels , Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin , as successor to Ernst Curtius . He stayed until his retirement in 1921 . In 1915 , he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year . Together with Diels , he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ( Institut für Altertumskunde ) in 1897 . His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity , which took place twice a week , attracted large audiences . Teaching activities and memberships . In 1891 , Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899 . In 1902 he took the academys presidency . As a member of the Göttingen academy , he strongly encouraged the publication of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae . From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academys Commission for Patristics . In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute . He also was editor of the series Philologische Untersuchungen from 1880 to 1925 . Further , Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford ( 1908 ) and Uppsala ( 1912 ) , was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( 1909 ) and the Scientific Society of Lund ( 1921 ) . Inscriptiones Graecae . During his presidency of the Prussian Academy , Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckhs and Adolf Kirchhoffs publication series , the Inscriptiones Graecae . Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project , which he directed until his death . World War I . Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches ( Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich ) , in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War . Shortly after , he also signed the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three , from which he distanced himself later . In 1914 , his son , Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff , who was also active as a classical philologist , fell in the battle of Ivangorod . The memorandum appeared a few days later . Family . In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen , the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian , Theodor Mommsen , whom he actively assisted in the completion of his Roman History . Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion , suffering from severe kidney problems . He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931 , having been in a coma for a short time . He is buried in his native village , along with his wife , Maria ( 1855–1936 ) , and their only son , Tycho . He also had a daughter , Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen , wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen , who died on 24 March 1972 . Achievements . Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology . As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece , Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism . As a representative of Postclassicism , he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts . Thus , he employed historical perspectives to serve philology . Apart from his seminal general works ( Greek Literature from Antiquity , Hellenistic Poetry ) , he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides , Homer , Aeschylus , Pindar and Aristotle . As a scientific organiser , he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications , such as Inscriptiones Graecae . He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system . Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby , Karl Mittelhaus , Wolfgang Schadewaldt , Eduard Fraenkel , Werner Jaeger , Johannes Geffcken , Paul Maas , Eduard Schwartz , Gilbert Murray , Paul Friedländer , Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris . In recent decades , the American scholar William M . Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz , including much of his correspondence with Diels , Eduard Norden , Mommsen , Paul Wendland , and others . Awards . - 1886 Knights Cross of the Hohenzollern House - 1908 Pour le Mérite Order - 1910 Honorary doctorate in Theology at the University of Berlin - 1911 Honorary doctorate , Oslo University - 1928 Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches ( Non-wearable decoration of the Weimar republic ) Works . - Griechische Literatur des Altertums - Einleitung in die griechische Tragödie - Homerische Untersuchungen ( 1884 ) - Die Ilias und Homer ( 1916 ) - Platon ( vollständig in 2 Bänden ) ( 1919 ) - Hellenistische Dichtung ( 1924 ) - Erinnerungen 1848–1914 . Verlag von K . F . Koehler , Leipzig 1928 . ( Memoirs ) Sources . - Michael Armstrong , Wolfgang Buchwald , William M . Calder III. : Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff bibliography 1867−1990 ( Hildesheim , Weidmann , 1991 ) . - Braun , Maximilian , William M . Calder , III & Dietrich Ehlers , edd. , Lieber Prinz . Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann Diels und Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 1869–1921 ) ( Hildesheim : Weidmann , 1995 ) . - Calder , William M . III and Bernhard Huss ( eds ) , The Wilamowitz in Me : 100 Letters between Ulrich von Wilamovitz-Moellendorff and Paul Friedlaender ( 1904–1931 ) ( Los Angeles : Charles Young Research Library , University of California , 1999 ) . - Candio , Antonella , Ein lebendiges Ganzes : la filologia come scienza e storia nelle Coefore di Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( Amsterdam : Adolf M . Hakkert , 2008 ) ( Supplementi di Lexis , 57 ) . - Norton , Robert E. , Wilamowitz at War , International Journal of the Classical Tradition , 15/1 , ( 2008 ) , pp . 74–97 . External links . - Original texts by Wilamowitz on German Wikisource |
[
"Georg-August-Universität"
]
| easy | Which employer did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for from 1883 to 1897? | /wiki/Ulrich_von_Wilamowitz-Moellendorff#P108#1 | Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931 ) was a German classical philologist . Wilamowitz , as he is known in scholarly circles , was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature . Life . Youth . Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz ( Markowice ) , a small village near Hohensalza ( Inowrocław ) , in the then Province of Posen ( now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ) , to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry . His father , a Prussian Junker , was Arnold Wilamowitz , of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms , while his mother was Ulrika , née Calbo . The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836 . The Prussian part of their name , von Moellendorf , was acquired in 1813 , when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrichs ancestors . Wilamowitz , a third child , grew up in East Prussia . In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his Abitur at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta . Studies . Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn . His teachers , Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener , had a formative influence on him . Willamowitzs relationship with Usener was strained . He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels . Together with Diels , he moved to Berlin in 1869 , where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870 . After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War , he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece . Conflict with Nietzsche and Wagner . Even before he gained a professorial title , Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsches Birth of Tragedy that attracted much attention . In 1872–73 , he published two unusually aggressive polemics ( German : Zukunftsphilologie , i.e . Philology of the future ) , which strongly attacked Nietzsche ( then Professor at the University of Basel ) and Professor Erwin Rohde ( University of Kiel ) . Richard Wagner , whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde , reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response . The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides , on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy . Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought , unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method . His polemic was considered as Classical philologys reply to Nietzsches challenge . At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs , he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique . He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagners musical drama , but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsches rape of historical facts and all historical method . Greifswald . In 1875 , he gained a professorial title for his study Analecta Euripidea . In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin . In 1876 , he was employed as Ordinarius ( full professor ) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald . During this period , he also married Marie Mommsen , the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen , and published Homeric Studies ( Homerische Studien ) . Göttingen . In 1883 , he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen . Here , he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History . His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague , Julius Wellhausen , in Göttingen . In 1891 , he became vice-chancellor of the university , and he was appointed a member of Göttingens Royal Academy of Sciences one year later . When Wilamowitz left Göttingen , he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel , a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald . Berlin . In 1897 , with the support of his friend Diels , Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin , as successor to Ernst Curtius . He stayed until his retirement in 1921 . In 1915 , he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year . Together with Diels , he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ( Institut für Altertumskunde ) in 1897 . His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity , which took place twice a week , attracted large audiences . Teaching activities and memberships . In 1891 , Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899 . In 1902 he took the academys presidency . As a member of the Göttingen academy , he strongly encouraged the publication of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae . From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academys Commission for Patristics . In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute . He also was editor of the series Philologische Untersuchungen from 1880 to 1925 . Further , Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford ( 1908 ) and Uppsala ( 1912 ) , was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( 1909 ) and the Scientific Society of Lund ( 1921 ) . Inscriptiones Graecae . During his presidency of the Prussian Academy , Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckhs and Adolf Kirchhoffs publication series , the Inscriptiones Graecae . Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project , which he directed until his death . World War I . Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches ( Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich ) , in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War . Shortly after , he also signed the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three , from which he distanced himself later . In 1914 , his son , Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff , who was also active as a classical philologist , fell in the battle of Ivangorod . The memorandum appeared a few days later . Family . In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen , the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian , Theodor Mommsen , whom he actively assisted in the completion of his Roman History . Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion , suffering from severe kidney problems . He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931 , having been in a coma for a short time . He is buried in his native village , along with his wife , Maria ( 1855–1936 ) , and their only son , Tycho . He also had a daughter , Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen , wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen , who died on 24 March 1972 . Achievements . Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology . As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece , Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism . As a representative of Postclassicism , he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts . Thus , he employed historical perspectives to serve philology . Apart from his seminal general works ( Greek Literature from Antiquity , Hellenistic Poetry ) , he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides , Homer , Aeschylus , Pindar and Aristotle . As a scientific organiser , he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications , such as Inscriptiones Graecae . He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system . Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby , Karl Mittelhaus , Wolfgang Schadewaldt , Eduard Fraenkel , Werner Jaeger , Johannes Geffcken , Paul Maas , Eduard Schwartz , Gilbert Murray , Paul Friedländer , Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris . In recent decades , the American scholar William M . Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz , including much of his correspondence with Diels , Eduard Norden , Mommsen , Paul Wendland , and others . Awards . - 1886 Knights Cross of the Hohenzollern House - 1908 Pour le Mérite Order - 1910 Honorary doctorate in Theology at the University of Berlin - 1911 Honorary doctorate , Oslo University - 1928 Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches ( Non-wearable decoration of the Weimar republic ) Works . - Griechische Literatur des Altertums - Einleitung in die griechische Tragödie - Homerische Untersuchungen ( 1884 ) - Die Ilias und Homer ( 1916 ) - Platon ( vollständig in 2 Bänden ) ( 1919 ) - Hellenistische Dichtung ( 1924 ) - Erinnerungen 1848–1914 . Verlag von K . F . Koehler , Leipzig 1928 . ( Memoirs ) Sources . - Michael Armstrong , Wolfgang Buchwald , William M . Calder III. : Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff bibliography 1867−1990 ( Hildesheim , Weidmann , 1991 ) . - Braun , Maximilian , William M . Calder , III & Dietrich Ehlers , edd. , Lieber Prinz . Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann Diels und Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 1869–1921 ) ( Hildesheim : Weidmann , 1995 ) . - Calder , William M . III and Bernhard Huss ( eds ) , The Wilamowitz in Me : 100 Letters between Ulrich von Wilamovitz-Moellendorff and Paul Friedlaender ( 1904–1931 ) ( Los Angeles : Charles Young Research Library , University of California , 1999 ) . - Candio , Antonella , Ein lebendiges Ganzes : la filologia come scienza e storia nelle Coefore di Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( Amsterdam : Adolf M . Hakkert , 2008 ) ( Supplementi di Lexis , 57 ) . - Norton , Robert E. , Wilamowitz at War , International Journal of the Classical Tradition , 15/1 , ( 2008 ) , pp . 74–97 . External links . - Original texts by Wilamowitz on German Wikisource |
[
"Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität"
]
| easy | Which employer did Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff work for from 1897 to 1921? | /wiki/Ulrich_von_Wilamowitz-Moellendorff#P108#2 | Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931 ) was a German classical philologist . Wilamowitz , as he is known in scholarly circles , was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature . Life . Youth . Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz ( Markowice ) , a small village near Hohensalza ( Inowrocław ) , in the then Province of Posen ( now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ) , to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry . His father , a Prussian Junker , was Arnold Wilamowitz , of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms , while his mother was Ulrika , née Calbo . The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836 . The Prussian part of their name , von Moellendorf , was acquired in 1813 , when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrichs ancestors . Wilamowitz , a third child , grew up in East Prussia . In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his Abitur at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta . Studies . Until 1869 Wilamowitz studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn . His teachers , Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener , had a formative influence on him . Willamowitzs relationship with Usener was strained . He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels . Together with Diels , he moved to Berlin in 1869 , where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870 . After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War , he embarked on a study tour to Italy and Greece . Conflict with Nietzsche and Wagner . Even before he gained a professorial title , Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsches Birth of Tragedy that attracted much attention . In 1872–73 , he published two unusually aggressive polemics ( German : Zukunftsphilologie , i.e . Philology of the future ) , which strongly attacked Nietzsche ( then Professor at the University of Basel ) and Professor Erwin Rohde ( University of Kiel ) . Richard Wagner , whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde , reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote a damning response . The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides , on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy . Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought , unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method . His polemic was considered as Classical philologys reply to Nietzsches challenge . At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs , he saw the conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique . He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagners musical drama , but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsches rape of historical facts and all historical method . Greifswald . In 1875 , he gained a professorial title for his study Analecta Euripidea . In the same year he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin . In 1876 , he was employed as Ordinarius ( full professor ) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald . During this period , he also married Marie Mommsen , the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen , and published Homeric Studies ( Homerische Studien ) . Göttingen . In 1883 , he took a further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen . Here , he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History . His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague , Julius Wellhausen , in Göttingen . In 1891 , he became vice-chancellor of the university , and he was appointed a member of Göttingens Royal Academy of Sciences one year later . When Wilamowitz left Göttingen , he was succeeded by Georg Kaibel , a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald . Berlin . In 1897 , with the support of his friend Diels , Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin , as successor to Ernst Curtius . He stayed until his retirement in 1921 . In 1915 , he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year . Together with Diels , he founded the Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ( Institut für Altertumskunde ) in 1897 . His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity , which took place twice a week , attracted large audiences . Teaching activities and memberships . In 1891 , Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899 . In 1902 he took the academys presidency . As a member of the Göttingen academy , he strongly encouraged the publication of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae . From 1897 he also worked as a member to the academys Commission for Patristics . In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute . He also was editor of the series Philologische Untersuchungen from 1880 to 1925 . Further , Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford ( 1908 ) and Uppsala ( 1912 ) , was a corresponding member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( 1909 ) and the Scientific Society of Lund ( 1921 ) . Inscriptiones Graecae . During his presidency of the Prussian Academy , Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckhs and Adolf Kirchhoffs publication series , the Inscriptiones Graecae . Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project , which he directed until his death . World War I . Wilamowitz was an initiator of the memorandum Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches ( Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich ) , in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War . Shortly after , he also signed the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three , from which he distanced himself later . In 1914 , his son , Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff , who was also active as a classical philologist , fell in the battle of Ivangorod . The memorandum appeared a few days later . Family . In 1878 he married Maria Mommsen , the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian , Theodor Mommsen , whom he actively assisted in the completion of his Roman History . Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion , suffering from severe kidney problems . He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931 , having been in a coma for a short time . He is buried in his native village , along with his wife , Maria ( 1855–1936 ) , and their only son , Tycho . He also had a daughter , Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen , wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen , who died on 24 March 1972 . Achievements . Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology . As a great authority of the literature and history of Ancient Greece , Wilamowitz took a stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism . As a representative of Postclassicism , he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts . Thus , he employed historical perspectives to serve philology . Apart from his seminal general works ( Greek Literature from Antiquity , Hellenistic Poetry ) , he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides , Homer , Aeschylus , Pindar and Aristotle . As a scientific organiser , he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications , such as Inscriptiones Graecae . He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system . Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby , Karl Mittelhaus , Wolfgang Schadewaldt , Eduard Fraenkel , Werner Jaeger , Johannes Geffcken , Paul Maas , Eduard Schwartz , Gilbert Murray , Paul Friedländer , Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris . In recent decades , the American scholar William M . Calder III has been publishing a series of important documents about and by Wilamowitz , including much of his correspondence with Diels , Eduard Norden , Mommsen , Paul Wendland , and others . Awards . - 1886 Knights Cross of the Hohenzollern House - 1908 Pour le Mérite Order - 1910 Honorary doctorate in Theology at the University of Berlin - 1911 Honorary doctorate , Oslo University - 1928 Adlerschild des Deutschen Reiches ( Non-wearable decoration of the Weimar republic ) Works . - Griechische Literatur des Altertums - Einleitung in die griechische Tragödie - Homerische Untersuchungen ( 1884 ) - Die Ilias und Homer ( 1916 ) - Platon ( vollständig in 2 Bänden ) ( 1919 ) - Hellenistische Dichtung ( 1924 ) - Erinnerungen 1848–1914 . Verlag von K . F . Koehler , Leipzig 1928 . ( Memoirs ) Sources . - Michael Armstrong , Wolfgang Buchwald , William M . Calder III. : Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff bibliography 1867−1990 ( Hildesheim , Weidmann , 1991 ) . - Braun , Maximilian , William M . Calder , III & Dietrich Ehlers , edd. , Lieber Prinz . Der Briefwechsel zwischen Hermann Diels und Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( 1869–1921 ) ( Hildesheim : Weidmann , 1995 ) . - Calder , William M . III and Bernhard Huss ( eds ) , The Wilamowitz in Me : 100 Letters between Ulrich von Wilamovitz-Moellendorff and Paul Friedlaender ( 1904–1931 ) ( Los Angeles : Charles Young Research Library , University of California , 1999 ) . - Candio , Antonella , Ein lebendiges Ganzes : la filologia come scienza e storia nelle Coefore di Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff ( Amsterdam : Adolf M . Hakkert , 2008 ) ( Supplementi di Lexis , 57 ) . - Norton , Robert E. , Wilamowitz at War , International Journal of the Classical Tradition , 15/1 , ( 2008 ) , pp . 74–97 . External links . - Original texts by Wilamowitz on German Wikisource |
[
"Panionios"
]
| easy | Giorgos Dedes played for which team from 1961 to 1963? | /wiki/Giorgos_Dedes#P54#0 | Giorgos Dedes Giorgos Dedes ( ; born 25 February 1943 ) is a Greek former footballer of Asia Minor descent who played as a forward . His main characteristics were his speed , his technique and his shooting . He competed in 430 games in total on the Greek Championship for Panionios and AEK Athens , scoring 181 goals . He was the top scorer of the league in 1970–71 and 1975–1976 . In 1971 , he was awarded the bronze boot after becoming the third best scorer in Europe . Club career . Early years . Son of Athanasios and Nikoleta , Giorgos was the fifth of their six children . Dedes was nephew of AEK Athens legendary goalkeeper , Christos Ribas , and his elder brother , Kostas played for Pannafpliakos . As a boy he supported AEK Athens and he was a great fan of Kostas Nestoridis . In 1957 his family moved to Athens and Giorgos played alongside his brother for Phivos Neou Kosmou . In 1960–61 , Phivos Neou Kosmou won the B1 league of Athens Football Clubs Association and Dedes was one of the basic scorers . Panionios . At the age of 17 he was discovered by Panagiotis Pallas of Panionios and he was recommended to the technical director of the team , Thanasis Papathanasiou . Dedes was transferred to Panionios ; the transfer fee was 1000 drachmas and some other players as an exchange . Two months later , the coach of the team , Ioannis Skordillis and Nikos Zakardis gave him the chance to play for the first time against Fostiras . On 28 March 1965 Dedes scored the fastest hat-trick in Alpha Ethniki in a period of 120 seconds after the 88th minute . In the 1969–70 season , Dedes scored five goals in a game in an 8–0 victory against Olympiakos Nicosia , which is the clubs largest victory . That was a rare record which only a few Greek footballers have achieved . Dedes has also scored four goals in a match on two occasions . He played for Panionios for 14 years , winning a Balkans Cup in 1971 . He was the top scorer of the Greek Championship with 28 goals , becoming the 3rd scorer in Europe behind the Croatian , Josip Skoblar of Olympique de Marseille with 39 and Keita of Saint-Étienne with 33 . AEK Athens . In 1974 Dedes transferred to the Greek giants AEK Athens of Loukas Barlos . Although he was a free agent , AEK Athens paid 500,000 drachmas to have him . In three years of playing for AEK Athens he achieved 80 caps scoring 35 goals . Furthermore , in season 1975-76 he once more became the top scorer of the Greek Championship , scoring 15 goals . Return to Panionios and retirement . Dedes returned to Panionios for the 1977–78 season to finish his career . He was honoured with the Golden Cross , the clubs greatest award . Dedes describes the award as priceless and it is the centerpiece of his medal collection . International career . In 1962 Dedes was called to the Greece U-18 , for which he played in two matches against Turkey , a 1–0 defeat in Athens and 1–0 win in Smyrni where he was the scorer in the 18th minute . With the U-19 team he competed in two games for the qualifying matches of UEFA European Under-19 Championship against Turkey . With a 2–1 victory in Athens and a 1–1 draw in Ankara , Greece managed to qualify for 1963 UEFA European Under-18 Championship in London . Dedes played in both 3 matches of the tournament in which he scored two goals in a 7–2 victory against Germany . Greece didnt qualify for the quarter finals as they finished third in the group . In 1969 Dedes played the only game for Greece U-21 against Israel . He managed 20 appearances and scored seven goals for the Greek national football team from 1966 to 1973 . He played his first match on 16 October 1966 in a 2–1 win against Finland for the UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying . He scored his first two goals for Greece on 21 November 1968 in a 4–1 home victory against Egypt . Dedes was a regular in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification squad where he scored twice . His first goal for the tournament was in a historical 2–1 victory against Portugal on 11 December 1968 in Karaiskakis Stadium and the second was in a 2–2 draw against Romania on 16 April 1969 with Dedes taking the lead for Greece . He made his last appearance for Greece on 31 January 1973 in a match against Bulgaria as a second-half substitute in a match which ended 2–2 . Honours . Panionios - Balkans Cup : 1971 - Alpha Ethniki : Runner up 1970–71 - Greek Cup : Runner-up 1967 Individual . - Alpha Ethniki top scorer : 1970–71 , 1975–76 - European Golden Boot : Third Place 1971 - Panionios Golden Cross : 1978 |
[
"Panionios"
]
| easy | Giorgos Dedes played for which team from 1966 to 1973? | /wiki/Giorgos_Dedes#P54#1 | Giorgos Dedes Giorgos Dedes ( ; born 25 February 1943 ) is a Greek former footballer of Asia Minor descent who played as a forward . His main characteristics were his speed , his technique and his shooting . He competed in 430 games in total on the Greek Championship for Panionios and AEK Athens , scoring 181 goals . He was the top scorer of the league in 1970–71 and 1975–1976 . In 1971 , he was awarded the bronze boot after becoming the third best scorer in Europe . Club career . Early years . Son of Athanasios and Nikoleta , Giorgos was the fifth of their six children . Dedes was nephew of AEK Athens legendary goalkeeper , Christos Ribas , and his elder brother , Kostas played for Pannafpliakos . As a boy he supported AEK Athens and he was a great fan of Kostas Nestoridis . In 1957 his family moved to Athens and Giorgos played alongside his brother for Phivos Neou Kosmou . In 1960–61 , Phivos Neou Kosmou won the B1 league of Athens Football Clubs Association and Dedes was one of the basic scorers . Panionios . At the age of 17 he was discovered by Panagiotis Pallas of Panionios and he was recommended to the technical director of the team , Thanasis Papathanasiou . Dedes was transferred to Panionios ; the transfer fee was 1000 drachmas and some other players as an exchange . Two months later , the coach of the team , Ioannis Skordillis and Nikos Zakardis gave him the chance to play for the first time against Fostiras . On 28 March 1965 Dedes scored the fastest hat-trick in Alpha Ethniki in a period of 120 seconds after the 88th minute . In the 1969–70 season , Dedes scored five goals in a game in an 8–0 victory against Olympiakos Nicosia , which is the clubs largest victory . That was a rare record which only a few Greek footballers have achieved . Dedes has also scored four goals in a match on two occasions . He played for Panionios for 14 years , winning a Balkans Cup in 1971 . He was the top scorer of the Greek Championship with 28 goals , becoming the 3rd scorer in Europe behind the Croatian , Josip Skoblar of Olympique de Marseille with 39 and Keita of Saint-Étienne with 33 . AEK Athens . In 1974 Dedes transferred to the Greek giants AEK Athens of Loukas Barlos . Although he was a free agent , AEK Athens paid 500,000 drachmas to have him . In three years of playing for AEK Athens he achieved 80 caps scoring 35 goals . Furthermore , in season 1975-76 he once more became the top scorer of the Greek Championship , scoring 15 goals . Return to Panionios and retirement . Dedes returned to Panionios for the 1977–78 season to finish his career . He was honoured with the Golden Cross , the clubs greatest award . Dedes describes the award as priceless and it is the centerpiece of his medal collection . International career . In 1962 Dedes was called to the Greece U-18 , for which he played in two matches against Turkey , a 1–0 defeat in Athens and 1–0 win in Smyrni where he was the scorer in the 18th minute . With the U-19 team he competed in two games for the qualifying matches of UEFA European Under-19 Championship against Turkey . With a 2–1 victory in Athens and a 1–1 draw in Ankara , Greece managed to qualify for 1963 UEFA European Under-18 Championship in London . Dedes played in both 3 matches of the tournament in which he scored two goals in a 7–2 victory against Germany . Greece didnt qualify for the quarter finals as they finished third in the group . In 1969 Dedes played the only game for Greece U-21 against Israel . He managed 20 appearances and scored seven goals for the Greek national football team from 1966 to 1973 . He played his first match on 16 October 1966 in a 2–1 win against Finland for the UEFA Euro 1968 qualifying . He scored his first two goals for Greece on 21 November 1968 in a 4–1 home victory against Egypt . Dedes was a regular in the 1970 FIFA World Cup qualification squad where he scored twice . His first goal for the tournament was in a historical 2–1 victory against Portugal on 11 December 1968 in Karaiskakis Stadium and the second was in a 2–2 draw against Romania on 16 April 1969 with Dedes taking the lead for Greece . He made his last appearance for Greece on 31 January 1973 in a match against Bulgaria as a second-half substitute in a match which ended 2–2 . Honours . Panionios - Balkans Cup : 1971 - Alpha Ethniki : Runner up 1970–71 - Greek Cup : Runner-up 1967 Individual . - Alpha Ethniki top scorer : 1970–71 , 1975–76 - European Golden Boot : Third Place 1971 - Panionios Golden Cross : 1978 |
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