targets
sequence | level
stringclasses 2
values | question
stringlengths 32
133
| idx
stringlengths 16
91
| context
stringlengths 899
129k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Sheffield United"
] | easy | Which team did the player Goran Slavkovski belong to from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Goran_Slavkovski#P54#1 | Goran Slavkovski Goran Slavkovski ( ; born 8 April 1989 ) is a former Macedonian-Swedish footballer who played as a forward . He made his only Serie A appearance for Inter Milan at the age of 17 years and 1 month – a then club record . Club career . Early career . Earlier in his career , Slavkovski was nicknamed Ibrahimović II , because of his similar stature and style of play to the Swedish striker , and as he also played for FBK Balkan and Malmö FF . Internazionale . Slavkovski made his first team debut at the age of 17 years and one month on 7 May 2006 in a Serie A league match against Siena , taking the field at the 83rd minute , thus becoming the youngest footballer ever to play for Internazionale . This record has since been broken by Federico Bonazzoli . Previously , the record was held by Giuseppe Bergomi . He made his Coppa Italia debut against F.C . Messina Peloro , on 29 November 2006 . Sheffield United . On 30 January 2008 Inter reached a loan agreement with Middlesbrough which fell through after he failed a medical and would be unlikely to challenge for a first team place . The next day Inter announced to have loaned Slavkovski to Sheffield United . On 18 March 2008 , Sheffield United manager Kevin Blackwell claimed that he was still not ready to play in the first team stating that he would play in the reserve team where he could be assessed . Slavkovski returned to Italy at the end of the season without having made a first team appearance for the Blades . He did , however , make six appearances for the reserve team , scoring twice . 2008–09 season and beyond . On 27 June 2008 , Slavkovski confirmed a 5-year deal with Hajduk Split . It was subsequently confirmed that he is in a very weak physical condition as a result of unsporting behavior and that it would have taken weeks for him to regain fitness . The announced transfer was later cancelled due to his condition , and Slavovski remained contracted with Inter . In October 2008 , he started training with Malmö FF , confirming he was still an Inter player and announcing that he will stay on in Sweden for the remainder of the year . His contract with Inter expired in June 2009 , and was not extended ; since then , he allegedly rejected a number of offers from Serie B and Lega Pro Prima Divisione clubs . On 22 January 2010 , it was announced that VfL Bochum II had signed Slavkovski . The Macedonian and former Inter Milan forward signed a six-month contract with the option to renew the contract . Slavkovski also had a trial with Barnet . He was however released by the end of the season , after failing to play a single game for the clubs first team . Since then , his career has faded into obscurity and , in 2011 , he returned to Sweden where he briefly joined third division amateurs IF Limhamn Bunkeflo . International career . Recently the media reported a war going on between the Macedonian and Swedish football federations , in attempt to get him to join their national football teams . Slavkovski and his father have stated that it would be an honour to play for his country of origin , Macedonia . Slavkovski also met the Macedonian Prime Minister where they talked about his chances playing for the Macedonian national team . The Prime Minister handed him a football jersey with his name on the backside . On 11 June 2008 Slavkovski finally spoke out about his international career and decided to play for Macedonia . In August 2008 Slavkovski made his debut for the Macedonian under-21 team , in the qualification matches against Estonia and Norway . He has made three scoreless appearances hitherto . External links . - Inter News |
[
""
] | easy | Goran Slavkovski played for which team from 2016 to 2017? | /wiki/Goran_Slavkovski#P54#2 | Goran Slavkovski Goran Slavkovski ( ; born 8 April 1989 ) is a former Macedonian-Swedish footballer who played as a forward . He made his only Serie A appearance for Inter Milan at the age of 17 years and 1 month – a then club record . Club career . Early career . Earlier in his career , Slavkovski was nicknamed Ibrahimović II , because of his similar stature and style of play to the Swedish striker , and as he also played for FBK Balkan and Malmö FF . Internazionale . Slavkovski made his first team debut at the age of 17 years and one month on 7 May 2006 in a Serie A league match against Siena , taking the field at the 83rd minute , thus becoming the youngest footballer ever to play for Internazionale . This record has since been broken by Federico Bonazzoli . Previously , the record was held by Giuseppe Bergomi . He made his Coppa Italia debut against F.C . Messina Peloro , on 29 November 2006 . Sheffield United . On 30 January 2008 Inter reached a loan agreement with Middlesbrough which fell through after he failed a medical and would be unlikely to challenge for a first team place . The next day Inter announced to have loaned Slavkovski to Sheffield United . On 18 March 2008 , Sheffield United manager Kevin Blackwell claimed that he was still not ready to play in the first team stating that he would play in the reserve team where he could be assessed . Slavkovski returned to Italy at the end of the season without having made a first team appearance for the Blades . He did , however , make six appearances for the reserve team , scoring twice . 2008–09 season and beyond . On 27 June 2008 , Slavkovski confirmed a 5-year deal with Hajduk Split . It was subsequently confirmed that he is in a very weak physical condition as a result of unsporting behavior and that it would have taken weeks for him to regain fitness . The announced transfer was later cancelled due to his condition , and Slavovski remained contracted with Inter . In October 2008 , he started training with Malmö FF , confirming he was still an Inter player and announcing that he will stay on in Sweden for the remainder of the year . His contract with Inter expired in June 2009 , and was not extended ; since then , he allegedly rejected a number of offers from Serie B and Lega Pro Prima Divisione clubs . On 22 January 2010 , it was announced that VfL Bochum II had signed Slavkovski . The Macedonian and former Inter Milan forward signed a six-month contract with the option to renew the contract . Slavkovski also had a trial with Barnet . He was however released by the end of the season , after failing to play a single game for the clubs first team . Since then , his career has faded into obscurity and , in 2011 , he returned to Sweden where he briefly joined third division amateurs IF Limhamn Bunkeflo . International career . Recently the media reported a war going on between the Macedonian and Swedish football federations , in attempt to get him to join their national football teams . Slavkovski and his father have stated that it would be an honour to play for his country of origin , Macedonia . Slavkovski also met the Macedonian Prime Minister where they talked about his chances playing for the Macedonian national team . The Prime Minister handed him a football jersey with his name on the backside . On 11 June 2008 Slavkovski finally spoke out about his international career and decided to play for Macedonia . In August 2008 Slavkovski made his debut for the Macedonian under-21 team , in the qualification matches against Estonia and Norway . He has made three scoreless appearances hitherto . External links . - Inter News |
[
"Mapai"
] | easy | Which political party did Shimon Peres belong to from 1959 to 1965? | /wiki/Shimon_Peres#P102#0 | Shimon Peres Shimon Peres ( ; ; born Szymon Perski ; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016 ) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel ( 2007–2014 ) , the Prime Minister of Israel ( twice ) , and the Interim Prime Minister , in the 1970s to the 1990s . He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years . Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006 , was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007 . At the time of his retirement in 2014 , he was the worlds oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israels founding generation . From a young age , he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance , and was chosen as a protégé by David Ben-Gurion , Israels founding father . He began his political career in the late 1940s , holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952 which he attained at the age of 28 , and Director-General from 1953 until 1959 . In 1956 , he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of Sèvres described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the highest form of statesmanship . In 1963 , he held negotiations with U.S . President John F . Kennedy , which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel , the first sale of U.S . military equipment to Israel . Peres represented Mapai , Rafi , the Alignment , Labor and Kadima in the Knesset , and led Alignment and Labor . Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as Acting Prime Minister briefly during 1977 , before becoming Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986 . As Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Rabin , Peres engineered the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty , and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership . In 1996 , he founded the Peres Center for Peace , which has the aim of promot [ ing ] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance , economic and technological development , cooperation and well-being . After suffering a stroke , Peres died on 28 September 2016 near Tel Aviv . Peres was a polyglot , speaking Polish , French , English , Russian , Yiddish , and Hebrew , although he never lost his Polish accent when speaking in Hebrew . In his private life , he was a poet and songwriter , writing stanzas during cabinet meetings , with some of his poems later being recorded as songs in albums . As a result of his deep literary interests , he could quote from Hebrew prophets , French literature , and Chinese philosophy with equal ease . Early life . Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski , on 2 August 1923 , in Wiszniew , Poland ( now Vishnyeva , Belarus ) , to Yitzhak ( 1896–1962 ) and Sara ( 1905–1969 , née Meltzer ) Perski . The family spoke Hebrew , Yiddish and Russian at home , and Peres learned Polish at school . He then learned to speak English and French . His father was a wealthy timber merchant , later branching out into other commodities ; his mother was a librarian . Peres had a younger brother , Gershon . He was related to the American film star Lauren Bacall ( born Betty Joan Perske ) , and they were described as first cousins , but Peres said , In 1952 or 1953 , I came to New York.. . Lauren Bacall called me , said that she wanted to meet , and we did . We sat and talked about where our families came from , and discovered that we were from the same family.. . but Im not exactly sure what our relation is.. . It was she who later said that she was my cousin ; I didnt say that . Peres told Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson that he had been born as a result of a blessing his parents had received from a chassidic rebbe and that he was proud of it . Peres grandfather , Rabbi Zvi Meltzer , a grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin , had a great impact on his life . In an interview , Peres said : As a child , I grew up in my grandfathers home . … I was educated by him . … My grandfather taught me Talmud . It was not as easy as it sounds . My home was not an observant one . My parents were not Orthodox but I was Haredi . At one point , I heard my parents listening to the radio on the Sabbath and I smashed it . When he was a child , Peres was taken by his father to Radun to receive a blessing from Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan ( known as the Chofetz Chaim ) . As a child , Peres would later say , I did not dream of becoming president of Israel . My dream as a boy was to be a shepherd or a poet of stars . He inherited his love of French literature from his maternal grandfather . In 1932 , Peres father immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv . The family followed him in 1934 . He attended Balfour Elementary School and High School , and Geula Gymnasium ( High School for Commerce ) in Tel Aviv . At 15 , he transferred to Ben Shemen agricultural school and lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years . Peres was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot . In 1941 , he was elected Secretary of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed , a Labor Zionist youth movement , and in 1944 returned to Alumot , where he had an agricultural training and worked as a farmer and a shepherd . At age 20 , he was elected to the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed national secretariat , where he was only one of two Mapai party supporters , out of the 12 members . Three years later , he took over the movement and won a majority . The head of Mapai , David Ben-Gurion , and Berl Katznelson began to take an interest in him , and appointed him to Mapais secretariat . In 1944 , Peres led an illicit expedition into the Negev , then a closed military zone requiring a permit to enter . The expedition , consisting of a group of teenagers , along with a Palmach scout , a zoologist , and an archaeologist , had been funded by Ben-Gurion and planned by Palmach head Yitzhak Sadeh , as part of a plan for future Jewish settlement of the area so as to include it in the Jewish state . The group was arrested by a Bedouin camel patrol led by a British officer , taken to Beersheba ( then a small Arab town ) and incarcerated in the local jail . All of the participants were sentenced to two weeks in prison , and as the leader , Peres was also heavily fined . All of Peres relatives who remained in Wiszniew in 1941 were murdered during the Holocaust , many of them ( including Rabbi Meltzer ) burned alive in the towns synagogue . In 1945 , Peres married Sonya Gelman , who preferred to remain outside the public eye . They had three children . In 1946 , Peres and Moshe Dayan were chosen as the two youth delegates in the Mapai delegation to the Zionist Congress in Basel . In 1947 , Peres joined the Haganah , the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces . David Ben-Gurion made him responsible for personnel and arms purchases ; he was appointed to head the naval service when Israel received independence in 1948 . Peres was director of the Defense Ministrys delegation in the United States in the early 1950s . While in the U.S . he studied English , economics , and philosophy at The New School ( night classes ) and New York University , and four-month advanced management at Harvard University . Ministry of Defense . In 1952 , he was appointed Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Defense , and the following year , he became Director-General . At age 29 , he was the youngest person to hold this position . He was involved in arms purchases and establishing strategic alliances that were important for the State of Israel . He was instrumental in establishing close relations with France , securing massive amounts of quality arms that , in turn , helped to tip the balance of power in the region . Owing to Peres mediation , Israel acquired the advanced Dassault Mirage III French jet fighter , established the Dimona nuclear reactor and entered into a tri-national agreement with France and the United Kingdom , positioning Israel in what would become the 1956 Suez Crisis . Peres continued as a primary intermediary in the close French-Israeli alliance from the mid-1950s , although from 1958 , he was often involved in tense negotiations with Charles de Gaulle over the Dimona project . Peres was the architect of Israels secret nuclear weapons program in the 1960s , and he stated that in the 1960s he recruited Arnon Milchan , an Israeli-American Hollywood film producer , billionaire businessman , and secret arms dealer and intelligence operative , to work for the Israeli Bureau of Scientific Relations ( LEKEM or LAKAM ) , a secret intelligence organization tasked with obtaining military technology and science espionage . 1956 Suez Crisis . From 1954 , as Director-General of the Ministry of Defense , Peres was involved in the planning of the 1956 Suez War , in partnership with France and Britain . Peres was sent by David Ben-Gurion to Paris , where he held secret meetings with the French government . Peres was instrumental in negotiating the Franco-Israeli agreement for a military offensive . In November 1954 , Peres visited Paris , where he was received by the French Defense Minister Marie-Pierre Kœnig , who told him that France would sell Israel any weapons it wanted to buy . By early 1955 , France was shipping large amounts of weapons to Israel . In April 1956 , following another visit to Paris by Peres , France agreed to disregard the Tripartite Declaration , and supply more weapons to Israel . During the same visit , Peres informed the French that Israel had decided upon war with Egypt in 1956 . Throughout the 1950s , an extraordinarily close relationship existed between France and Israel , characterised by unprecedented cooperation in the fields of defense and diplomacy . For his work as the architect of this relationship , Peres was awarded the highest order of the French , the Legion of Honor , as Commander . At Sèvres , Peres took part in planning alongside Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury , Christian Pineau and Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces General Maurice Challe , and British Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd and his assistant Sir Patrick Dean . Britain and France enlisted Israeli support for an alliance against Egypt . The parties agreed that Israel would invade the Sinai . Britain and France would then intervene , purportedly to separate the warring Israeli and Egyptian forces , instructing both to withdraw to a distance of 16 kilometres from either side of the canal . The British and French would then argue , according to the plan , that Egypts control of such an important route was too tenuous , and that it needed be placed under Anglo-French management . The agreement at Sèvres was initially described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the highest form of statesmanship . The three allies , especially Israel , were mainly successful in attaining their immediate military objectives . However , the extremely hostile reaction to the Suez Crisis from both the United States and the USSR forced them to withdraw , resulting in a failure of Britain and Frances political and strategic aims of controlling the Suez Canal . Political career . Peres was first elected to the Knesset in the 1959 elections , as a member of the Mapai party . He was given the role of Deputy Defense Minister , which he filled until 1965 . Peres and Moshe Dayan left Mapai with David Ben-Gurion to form a new party , Rafi , which reconciled with Mapai and joined the Alignment ( a left-wing alliance ) in 1968 . He held negotiations with John F . Kennedy , which concluded with the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel , the first sale of US military equipment to Israel . In 1969 , Peres was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption and in 1970 he became Minister of Transportation and Communications . In 1974 , after a period as Information Minister , he was appointed Minister of Defense in the Yitzhak Rabin government , having been Rabins chief rival for the post of Prime Minister after Golda Meir resigned in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War . During this time , Peres continued to challenge Rabin for the chairmanship of the party , but in 1977 , he again lost to Rabin in the party elections . Entebbe rescue operation , 1976 . On 27 June 1976 , Peres , as Minister of Defense , along with Rabin , had to deal with a coordinated act of terrorism when 248 Paris-bound travelers on an Air France plane were taken hostage by pro-Palestinian hijackers and flown to Uganda , Africa , 2,000 miles away . Peres and Rabin were responsible for approving what became known as the Entebbe rescue operation , which took place on 4 July 1976 . The rescue boosted the Rabin governments approval rating with the public . The only Israeli soldier that was killed during the successful rescue operation was its commander , 30-year-old Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Netanyahu , older brother of Benjamin Netanyahu . In the few days leading up to the operation , Peres and Rabin leaned toward different solutions . Rabin took steps to initiate negotiations , seeing no other option . Peres , however , felt that negotiating with terrorists , who were demanding the release of prisoners , would in effect be surrender , and thought a rescue operation should be planned . Peres then organized a secret Israel Crisis Committee to come up with a rescue plan . When a plan had been made , he met with commander Netanyahu a number of times . During one of their final private meetings , they both examined maps and went over precise details . Peres later said of Netanyahus explanation , My impression was one of exactitude and imagination , saying that Netanyahu seemed confident the operation would succeed with almost no losses . Netanyahu left the meeting understanding that Peres would do everything in his power to see that the operation went smoothly . Peres then went unannounced to Moshe Dayan , the former Minister of Defense , interrupting his dinner with friends in a restaurant , to show him the latest plan to get his opinion . Peres told Dayan of the objections that had been raised by Rabin and Chief of Staff , Mordechai Gur . Dayan dismissed the objections after reviewing the written details : Shimon , he said , this is a plan that I support not one hundred percent but one hundred and fifty percent ! There has to be a military operation . Peres later got the approval from Gur , who became fully supportive . Peres then took the plan to Rabin , who had been lukewarm and still didnt like the risks , but he reluctantly approved the plan after Peres answered a number of key questions and Rabin learned that the cabinet had also endorsed it . Peres as Prime Minister , 1977 . Peres succeeded Rabin as party leader prior to the 1977 elections when Rabin stepped down in the wake of a foreign currency scandal involving his wife . As Rabin could not legally resign from the transition government , he officially remained Prime Minister , while Peres became the unofficial acting Prime Minister . Peres led the Alignment to its first ever electoral defeat , when Likud under Menachem Begin won sufficient seats to form a coalition that excluded the left . After only a month on top , Peres assumed the role of opposition leader . After turning back a comeback bid by Rabin in 1980 , Peres led his party to another , narrower , loss in the 1981 elections . In the 1984 elections , the Alignment won more seats than any other party but failed to muster the majority of 61 mandates needed to form a left-wing coalition . Alignment and Likud agreed to an unusual rotation arrangement , or unity government , in which Peres would serve as Prime Minister and the Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir would be Foreign Minister , swapping positions midway through the term . A highlight of this time in office was a long-range Israeli airstrike against the PLO headquarters in Tunisia , and a trip to Morocco to confer with King Hassan II . As part of the deal , after two years Peres and Shamir traded places , and in 1986 Peres became foreign minister . In 1988 the Alignment , led by Peres , suffered another narrow defeat . He agreed to renew the coalition with the Likud , this time conceding the premiership to Shamir for the entire term . In the national unity government of 1988–90 , Peres served as Vice Premier and Minister of Finance . He and the Alignment finally left the government in 1990 , after the dirty trick – a failed bid to form a narrow government based on a coalition of the Alignment , small leftist factions and ultra-orthodox parties . Oslo Accords , Peace with Jordan , and Nobel Peace Prize . From 1990 , Peres led the opposition in the Knesset until , in early 1992 , he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party ( which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party ) by Yitzhak Rabin , whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier . Peres remained active in politics , however , serving as Rabins foreign minister from 1992 . Secret negotiations with Yasser Arafats PLO organization led to the Oslo Accords , which won Peres , Rabin and Arafat the Nobel Peace Prize . But in 2002 , members of the Norwegian committee that awards the annual Nobel Peace Prize stated they regretted that Mr Peres prize could not be recalled . Because he had not acted to prevent Israels re-occupation of Palestinian territory , he had not lived up to the ideals he expressed when he accepted the prize , and he was involved in human rights abuses . After Rabins assassination in 1995 , Peres served as Acting Prime Minister and Acting Defense Minister for seven months until the 1996 elections , during which he attempted to maintain the momentum of the peace process . On 26 October 1994 , Jordan and Israel signed the Israel–Jordan peace treaty , which had been initiated by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres . The ceremony was held in the Arava valley of Israel , north of Eilat and near the Jordanian border . Prime Minister Rabin and Prime Minister Abdelsalam al-Majali signed the treaty and the President of Israel Ezer Weizman shook hands with King Hussein . US President Bill Clinton observed , accompanied by US Secretary of State Warren Christopher . The treaty brought an end to 46 years of official war between Israel and Jordan . On 11 April 1996 , Prime Minister Peres initiated Operation Grapes of Wrath , which was triggered by Hezbollah Katyusha rockets fired into Israel in response to the killing of two Lebanese by an IDF missile . Israel conducted massive air raids and extensive shelling in southern Lebanon . 106 Lebanese civilians died in the shelling of Qana , when a UN compound was hit in an Israeli shelling . In 1996 , he founded the Peres Center for Peace , which has the aim of promot [ ing ] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance , economic and technological development , cooperation and well-being . During his term , Peres promoted the use of the Internet in Israel and created the first website of an Israeli prime minister . However , he was narrowly defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu in the first direct elections for Prime Minister in 1996 . In 1997 , he did not seek re-election as Labor Party leader and was replaced by Ehud Barak . Barak rebuffed Peress attempt to secure the position of party president and upon forming a government in 1999 appointed Peres to the minor post of Minister of Regional Co-operation . In 2000 , Peres ran for a seven-year term as Israels President , a ceremonial head of state position which usually authorizes the selection of Prime Minister . However , he lost to Likud candidate Moshe Katsav . Katsavs victory was attributed in part to evidence that Peres planned to use the position to support the increasingly unpopular peace processes of the government of Ehud Barak . Following Ehud Baraks defeat by Ariel Sharon in the 2001 direct election for Prime Minister , Peres made yet another comeback . He led Labor into a national unity government with Sharons Likud and secured the post of Foreign Minister . The formal leadership of the party passed to Binyamin Ben-Eliezer , and in 2002 to Haifa mayor Amram Mitzna . Peres was much criticized on the left for clinging to his position as Foreign Minister in a government that was not seen as advancing the peace process , despite his own dovish stance . He left office only when Labor resigned from the government in advance of the 2003 elections . After the party under the leadership of Mitzna suffered a crushing defeat , Peres again emerged as interim leader . He led the party into a coalition with Sharon once more at the end of 2004 when the latters support of disengagement from Gaza presented a diplomatic program Labor could support . Peres lost the chairmanship of the Labor Party in November 2005 , in advance of the 2006 elections . As party leader , he favored putting off the elections for as long as possible . He claimed that an early election would jeopardize both the September 2005 Gaza withdrawal plan and the standing of the party in a national unity government with Sharon . However , the majority pushed for an earlier date , as younger members of the party , among them Amir Peretz , Ophir Pines-Paz and Isaac Herzog , overtook established leaders such as Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Haim Ramon in the party ballot to divide up government portfolios . Peres lost the leadership election with 40% to Peretzs 42.4% . Support for Sharon and joining Kadima . On 30 November 2005 Peres announced that he was leaving the Labor Party to support Ariel Sharon and his new Kadima party . In the immediate aftermath of Sharons debilitating stroke , there was speculation that Peres might take over as leader of the party ; most senior Kadima leaders , however , were former members of Likud and indicated their support for Ehud Olmert as Sharons successor . Labor reportedly tried to woo Peres back to the fold . However , he announced that he supported Olmert and would remain with Kadima . Peres had previously announced his intention not to run in the March elections . Following Kadimas win in the election , Peres was given the role of Vice Prime Minister and Minister for the Development of the Negev , Galilee and Regional Economy . Presidency : 2007–2014 . On 13 June 2007 , Peres was elected President of the State of Israel by the Knesset . 58 of 120 members of the Knesset voted for him in the first round ( whereas 38 voted for Reuven Rivlin , and 21 for Colette Avital ) . His opponents then backed Peres in the second round and 86 members of the Knesset voted in his favor , while 23 objected . He resigned from his role as a Member of the Knesset the same day , having been a member since November 1959 ( except for a three-month period in early 2006 ) , the longest serving in Israeli political history . Peres was sworn in as president on 15 July 2007 . On 20 November 2008 , Peres received an honorary knighthood , Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George from Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace in London . In June 2011 , he was awarded the honorary title of sheikh by Bedouin dignitaries in Hura for his efforts to achieve Middle East peace . Peres thanks his hosts by saying This visit has been a pleasure . I am deeply impressed by Hura . You have done more for yourselves than anyone else could have . He told the Mayor of Hura , Dr . Muhammad Al-Nabari , and members of Huras governing council , that they were part of the Negev . It cannot be developed without developing the Bedouin community , so that it may keep its traditions while joining the modern world . Political views . Peres described himself as a Ben-Gurionist , after his mentor Ben-Gurion . He felt that Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel was a means to a progressive end in which the State of Israel both inspire the world and survive in a region of the world where it was unwelcome . As a younger man , Peres was once considered a hawk . He was a protégé of Ben-Gurion and Dayan and an early supporter of the West Bank settlers during the 1970s . However , after becoming the leader of his party his stance evolved . Subsequently , he was seen as a dove , and a strong supporter of peace through economic cooperation . While still opposed , like all mainstream Israeli leaders in the 1970s and early 1980s , to talks with the PLO , he distanced himself from settlers and spoke of the need for territorial compromise over the West Bank and Gaza . For a time he hoped that King Hussein of Jordan could be Israels Arab negotiating partner rather than Yasser Arafat . Peres met secretly with Hussein in London in 1987 and reached a framework agreement with him , but this was rejected by Israels then Prime Minister , Yitzhak Shamir . Shortly afterward the First Intifada erupted , and whatever plausibility King Hussein had as a potential Israeli partner in resolving the fate of the West Bank evaporated . Subsequently , Peres gradually moved closer to support for talks with the PLO , although he avoided making an outright commitment to this policy until 1993 . Peres was perhaps more closely associated with the Oslo Accords than any other Israeli politician ( Rabin included ) with the possible exception of his own protégé , Yossi Beilin . He remained an adamant supporter of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian Authority since their inception despite the First Intifada and the al-Aqsa Intifada ( Second Intifada ) . However , Peres supported Ariel Sharons military policy of operating the Israeli Defense Forces to thwart suicide bombings . Peres foreign policy outlook was markedly realist . To placate Turkey , Peres downplayed the Armenian genocide . Peres stated : We reject attempts to create a similarity between the Holocaust and the Armenian allegations . Nothing similar to the Holocaust occurred . It is a tragedy what the Armenians went through but not a genocide . Although Peres himself did not retract the statement , the Israeli Foreign Ministry later issued a cable to its missions which stated that The minister absolutely did not say , as the Turkish news agency alleged , What the Armenians underwent was a tragedy , not a genocide . However , according to Armenian news agencies , the statement released by the Israeli consulate in Los Angeles did not include any mention that Peres had not said that the events were not genocide . On the issue of the nuclear program of Iran and the supposed existential threat this poses for Israel , Peres stated , I am not in favor of a military attack on Iran , but we must quickly and decisively establish a strong , aggressive coalition of nations that will impose painful economic sanctions on Iran , adding Irans efforts to achieve nuclear weapons should keep the entire world from sleeping soundly . In the same speech , Peres compared Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his call to wipe Israel off the map to the genocidal threats to European Jewry made by Adolf Hitler in the years prior to the Holocaust . In an interview with Army Radio on 8 May 2006 he remarked that the president of Iran should remember that Iran can also be wiped off the map . However , after his death it was revealed that Peres had said that he prevented a military strike on Irans nuclear program that had been ordered by Benjamin Netanyahu and Ehud Barak in 2010 . Peres was a proponent of Middle East economic integration . Technology . Peres is regarded as one of the founders of Israels technology sector . Through personal meetings with the French government , he established collaboration treaties with Frances nuclear industry in 1954 . In 1958 , he founded the re-organized RAFAEL Armament Development Authority , under the MODs jurisdiction . From his desk he would control all aspects of Israels nuclear program ( first as Director-General and after 1959 as Deputy-Minister ) . In the 1980s , he is credited with having laid the economic foundations for Israels start-up economy . In later years , he developed an obsessive fascination with nanotechnology and brain research . He believed that brain research would be the key to a better and more peaceful future . He launched his own nanotechnology investment fund in 2003 , raising $5 million in the first week . In 2016 , he founded the Israel innovation center in the Arab neighbourhood of Ajami , Jaffa . The center aims to encourage young people from around the world to be inspired by technology . Laying its foundation stone on 21 July 2016 , Peres said : “We will prove that innovation has no limits and no barriers . Innovation enables dialogue between nations and between people . It will enable all young people – Jews , Muslims and Christians — to engage in science and technology equally . Post-presidency and death . Peres announced in April 2013 that he would not seek to extend his tenure beyond 2014 . His successor , Reuven Rivlin , was elected on 10 June 2014 and took office on 24 July 2014 . In July 2016 , Peres founded the Israel innovation center in the Arab neighbourhood of Ajami , Jaffa , aiming to encourage young people from around the world to be inspired by technology . On 13 September 2016 , Peres suffered a severe stroke and was hospitalized at Sheba Medical Center . His condition was reported to be very serious , as he had suffered a massive brain hemorrhage and significant bleeding . Two days later , he was reported as being in a serious but stable condition . However , on 26 September , an examination found irreversible damage to his brainstem , indicating that it was not possible for him to recover , and the following day , his medical condition deteriorated significantly . He died on 28 September at the age of 93 . Tributes . On hearing of his death , tributes came from leaders across the world . The President of Russia , Vladimir Putin said : I was extremely lucky to have met this extraordinary man many times . And every time I admired his courage , patriotism , wisdom , vision and ability . The President of China , Xi Jinping said : His death is the loss of an old friend for China . The President of India , Pranab Mukherjee said : Peres would be remembered as a steadfast friend of India . The President of the United States , Barack Obama said : I will always be grateful that I was able to call Shimon my friend . Peres was described by The New York Times as having done more than anyone to build up his country’s formidable military might , then [ having ] worked as hard to establish a lasting peace with Israel’s Arab neighbors . Funeral . The funeral was held at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem on 30 September 2016 , with his burial place in the Great Leaders of the Nation section between former Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Yitzhak Shamir . About 4,000 mourners and world leaders from 75 countries attended the funeral , with President Barack Obama among those who gave a eulogy . Since the funeral for Nelson Mandela , this was only the second time Obama traveled overseas for the funeral of a foreign leader . Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also spoke . Among the other delegates in attendance and speaking were former President Bill Clinton . Other delegates included PA President Mahmoud Abbas , President François Hollande of France , Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada , German President Joachim Gauck , President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico and King Felipe VI of Spain . The UK delegation included Prince Charles , Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson , former Prime Ministers David Cameron , Gordon Brown , and Tony Blair , and Britains chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis . Personal life and family . In May 1945 , Peres married Sonya Gelman , whom he had met in the Ben Shemen Youth Village , where her father served as a carpentry teacher . The couple married after Sonya finished her military service as a truck driver in the British Army during World War II . Through the years Sonya chose to stay away from the media and keep her privacy and the privacy of her family , despite her husbands extensive political career . Sonya Peres was unable to attend Shimons 2007 presidential inauguration ceremony because of ill health . With the election of Peres for president , Sonya Peres , who had not wanted her husband to accept the position , announced that she would stay in the couples apartment in Tel Aviv and not join her husband in Jerusalem . The couple thereafter lived separately . She died on 20 January 2011 , aged 87 , from heart failure at her apartment in Tel Aviv . Shimon and Sonya Peres had three children : - A daughter , Dr . Tsvia ( Tsiki ) Walden , a linguist and professor at Beit Berl Academic College ; - An elder son , Yoni , director of Village Veterinary Center , a veterinary hospital on the campus of Kfar Hayarok Agricultural School near Tel Aviv . He specializes in the treatment of guide dogs ; - A younger son , Nehemia ( Chemi ) , co-founder and Managing General Partner of Pitango Venture Capital , one of Israels largest venture capital funds . Chemi Peres is a former helicopter pilot in the IAF . Peres was a cousin of actress Lauren Bacall ( born Betty Joan Persky ) , although the two only discovered this in the 1950s . He said : In 1952 or 1953 I came to New York.. . Lauren Bacall called me , said that she wanted to meet , and we did . We sat and talked about where our families came from , and discovered that we were from the same family . Poetry and song-writing . Peres was a lifelong writer of poetry and songs . As a child in Vishnyeva , Poland he learned to play the mandolin . He wrote his first song when he was 8 . He was inspired to write , including during cabinet meetings . Many of his poems were turned into songs , with the proceedings of the albums going to charity . His songs have been performed by artists including Andrea Bocelli and Liel Kolet . The most recent of his songs was Chinese Melody ( recorded in Mandarin with Chinese and Israeli musicians ) , released in February 2016 , which he wrote to celebrate the Year of the Monkey ( Music Video of Chinese Melody on YouTube ) . Use of social media . During his presidency ( 2007–2014 ) , Shimon Peres was noted for his embrace of social media to communicate with the public , being described as Israels first social media president , which included producing comedic videos on his YouTube channel such as Be my Friend for Peace and Former Israeli President Shimon Peres Goes Job Hunting . After retirement , he led a viral campaign to encourage children to study mathematics . In one video , he sends his answer to the teacher by throwing a paper plane ( Video : Shimon Peres throws a paper airplane in the name of education on YouTube ) . According to The Wall Street Journal , his presence on platforms such as Snapchat , allowed him to pack more punch—and humor—into the causes he championed , especially peaceful coexistence with the Palestinians . Places named after Peres . Following his death , it was announced that Israels Negev nuclear reactor and atomic research center , that had been constructed in 1958 , would be named after Peres . Netanyahu stated : Shimon Peres worked hard to establish this important facility , a facility which has been very important for Israels security for generations. . Published works . Shimon Peres is the author of 11 books , including : - The Next Step ( 1965 ) - Davids Sling ( 1970 ) ( ) - And Now Tomorrow ( 1978 ) - From These Men : seven founders of the State of Israel ( 1979 ) ( ) - Entebbe Diary ( 1991 ) ( ) - The New Middle East ( 1993 ) ( ) - Battling for Peace : A Memoir ( 1995 ) ( ) - For the Future of Israel ( 1998 ) ( ) - The Imaginary Voyage : With Theodor Herzl in Israel ( 1999 ) ( ) - Ben Gurion : A Political Life ( 2011 ) ( ) Awards and recognition . - 1957 : Commander of the Legion of Honour . - 1994 , 10 December : Nobel Peace Prize together with Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat . - 2008 , 18 November : Honorary doctorate of Law from Kings College London . - 2008 , 20 November : Honorarily appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George . - 2012 , 13 June : Presidential Medal of Freedom from US President Barack Obama . - 2014 , 19 May : The United States House of Representatives voted on , a bill to award Peres the Congressional Gold Medal . The bill said that Congress proclaims its unbreakable bond with Israel . - 2015 , 31 May : The Solomon Bublick Award of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , in recognition of his contributions to the State of Israel , the pursuit of peace , higher education , and science and technology . |
[
""
] | easy | Which political party did Shimon Peres belong to from 1965 to 2016? | /wiki/Shimon_Peres#P102#1 | Shimon Peres Shimon Peres ( ; ; born Szymon Perski ; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016 ) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel ( 2007–2014 ) , the Prime Minister of Israel ( twice ) , and the Interim Prime Minister , in the 1970s to the 1990s . He was a member of twelve cabinets and represented five political parties in a political career spanning 70 years . Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006 , was in office continuously until he was elected President in 2007 . At the time of his retirement in 2014 , he was the worlds oldest head of state and was considered the last link to Israels founding generation . From a young age , he was renowned for his oratorical brilliance , and was chosen as a protégé by David Ben-Gurion , Israels founding father . He began his political career in the late 1940s , holding several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War . His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952 which he attained at the age of 28 , and Director-General from 1953 until 1959 . In 1956 , he took part in the historic negotiations on the Protocol of Sèvres described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the highest form of statesmanship . In 1963 , he held negotiations with U.S . President John F . Kennedy , which resulted in the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel , the first sale of U.S . military equipment to Israel . Peres represented Mapai , Rafi , the Alignment , Labor and Kadima in the Knesset , and led Alignment and Labor . Peres first succeeded Yitzhak Rabin as Acting Prime Minister briefly during 1977 , before becoming Prime Minister from 1984 to 1986 . As Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Rabin , Peres engineered the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty , and won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the Oslo Accords peace talks with the Palestinian leadership . In 1996 , he founded the Peres Center for Peace , which has the aim of promot [ ing ] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance , economic and technological development , cooperation and well-being . After suffering a stroke , Peres died on 28 September 2016 near Tel Aviv . Peres was a polyglot , speaking Polish , French , English , Russian , Yiddish , and Hebrew , although he never lost his Polish accent when speaking in Hebrew . In his private life , he was a poet and songwriter , writing stanzas during cabinet meetings , with some of his poems later being recorded as songs in albums . As a result of his deep literary interests , he could quote from Hebrew prophets , French literature , and Chinese philosophy with equal ease . Early life . Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski , on 2 August 1923 , in Wiszniew , Poland ( now Vishnyeva , Belarus ) , to Yitzhak ( 1896–1962 ) and Sara ( 1905–1969 , née Meltzer ) Perski . The family spoke Hebrew , Yiddish and Russian at home , and Peres learned Polish at school . He then learned to speak English and French . His father was a wealthy timber merchant , later branching out into other commodities ; his mother was a librarian . Peres had a younger brother , Gershon . He was related to the American film star Lauren Bacall ( born Betty Joan Perske ) , and they were described as first cousins , but Peres said , In 1952 or 1953 , I came to New York.. . Lauren Bacall called me , said that she wanted to meet , and we did . We sat and talked about where our families came from , and discovered that we were from the same family.. . but Im not exactly sure what our relation is.. . It was she who later said that she was my cousin ; I didnt say that . Peres told Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson that he had been born as a result of a blessing his parents had received from a chassidic rebbe and that he was proud of it . Peres grandfather , Rabbi Zvi Meltzer , a grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin , had a great impact on his life . In an interview , Peres said : As a child , I grew up in my grandfathers home . … I was educated by him . … My grandfather taught me Talmud . It was not as easy as it sounds . My home was not an observant one . My parents were not Orthodox but I was Haredi . At one point , I heard my parents listening to the radio on the Sabbath and I smashed it . When he was a child , Peres was taken by his father to Radun to receive a blessing from Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan ( known as the Chofetz Chaim ) . As a child , Peres would later say , I did not dream of becoming president of Israel . My dream as a boy was to be a shepherd or a poet of stars . He inherited his love of French literature from his maternal grandfather . In 1932 , Peres father immigrated to Mandatory Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv . The family followed him in 1934 . He attended Balfour Elementary School and High School , and Geula Gymnasium ( High School for Commerce ) in Tel Aviv . At 15 , he transferred to Ben Shemen agricultural school and lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years . Peres was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot . In 1941 , he was elected Secretary of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed , a Labor Zionist youth movement , and in 1944 returned to Alumot , where he had an agricultural training and worked as a farmer and a shepherd . At age 20 , he was elected to the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed national secretariat , where he was only one of two Mapai party supporters , out of the 12 members . Three years later , he took over the movement and won a majority . The head of Mapai , David Ben-Gurion , and Berl Katznelson began to take an interest in him , and appointed him to Mapais secretariat . In 1944 , Peres led an illicit expedition into the Negev , then a closed military zone requiring a permit to enter . The expedition , consisting of a group of teenagers , along with a Palmach scout , a zoologist , and an archaeologist , had been funded by Ben-Gurion and planned by Palmach head Yitzhak Sadeh , as part of a plan for future Jewish settlement of the area so as to include it in the Jewish state . The group was arrested by a Bedouin camel patrol led by a British officer , taken to Beersheba ( then a small Arab town ) and incarcerated in the local jail . All of the participants were sentenced to two weeks in prison , and as the leader , Peres was also heavily fined . All of Peres relatives who remained in Wiszniew in 1941 were murdered during the Holocaust , many of them ( including Rabbi Meltzer ) burned alive in the towns synagogue . In 1945 , Peres married Sonya Gelman , who preferred to remain outside the public eye . They had three children . In 1946 , Peres and Moshe Dayan were chosen as the two youth delegates in the Mapai delegation to the Zionist Congress in Basel . In 1947 , Peres joined the Haganah , the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces . David Ben-Gurion made him responsible for personnel and arms purchases ; he was appointed to head the naval service when Israel received independence in 1948 . Peres was director of the Defense Ministrys delegation in the United States in the early 1950s . While in the U.S . he studied English , economics , and philosophy at The New School ( night classes ) and New York University , and four-month advanced management at Harvard University . Ministry of Defense . In 1952 , he was appointed Deputy Director-General of the Ministry of Defense , and the following year , he became Director-General . At age 29 , he was the youngest person to hold this position . He was involved in arms purchases and establishing strategic alliances that were important for the State of Israel . He was instrumental in establishing close relations with France , securing massive amounts of quality arms that , in turn , helped to tip the balance of power in the region . Owing to Peres mediation , Israel acquired the advanced Dassault Mirage III French jet fighter , established the Dimona nuclear reactor and entered into a tri-national agreement with France and the United Kingdom , positioning Israel in what would become the 1956 Suez Crisis . Peres continued as a primary intermediary in the close French-Israeli alliance from the mid-1950s , although from 1958 , he was often involved in tense negotiations with Charles de Gaulle over the Dimona project . Peres was the architect of Israels secret nuclear weapons program in the 1960s , and he stated that in the 1960s he recruited Arnon Milchan , an Israeli-American Hollywood film producer , billionaire businessman , and secret arms dealer and intelligence operative , to work for the Israeli Bureau of Scientific Relations ( LEKEM or LAKAM ) , a secret intelligence organization tasked with obtaining military technology and science espionage . 1956 Suez Crisis . From 1954 , as Director-General of the Ministry of Defense , Peres was involved in the planning of the 1956 Suez War , in partnership with France and Britain . Peres was sent by David Ben-Gurion to Paris , where he held secret meetings with the French government . Peres was instrumental in negotiating the Franco-Israeli agreement for a military offensive . In November 1954 , Peres visited Paris , where he was received by the French Defense Minister Marie-Pierre Kœnig , who told him that France would sell Israel any weapons it wanted to buy . By early 1955 , France was shipping large amounts of weapons to Israel . In April 1956 , following another visit to Paris by Peres , France agreed to disregard the Tripartite Declaration , and supply more weapons to Israel . During the same visit , Peres informed the French that Israel had decided upon war with Egypt in 1956 . Throughout the 1950s , an extraordinarily close relationship existed between France and Israel , characterised by unprecedented cooperation in the fields of defense and diplomacy . For his work as the architect of this relationship , Peres was awarded the highest order of the French , the Legion of Honor , as Commander . At Sèvres , Peres took part in planning alongside Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury , Christian Pineau and Chief of Staff of the French Armed Forces General Maurice Challe , and British Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd and his assistant Sir Patrick Dean . Britain and France enlisted Israeli support for an alliance against Egypt . The parties agreed that Israel would invade the Sinai . Britain and France would then intervene , purportedly to separate the warring Israeli and Egyptian forces , instructing both to withdraw to a distance of 16 kilometres from either side of the canal . The British and French would then argue , according to the plan , that Egypts control of such an important route was too tenuous , and that it needed be placed under Anglo-French management . The agreement at Sèvres was initially described by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden as the highest form of statesmanship . The three allies , especially Israel , were mainly successful in attaining their immediate military objectives . However , the extremely hostile reaction to the Suez Crisis from both the United States and the USSR forced them to withdraw , resulting in a failure of Britain and Frances political and strategic aims of controlling the Suez Canal . Political career . Peres was first elected to the Knesset in the 1959 elections , as a member of the Mapai party . He was given the role of Deputy Defense Minister , which he filled until 1965 . Peres and Moshe Dayan left Mapai with David Ben-Gurion to form a new party , Rafi , which reconciled with Mapai and joined the Alignment ( a left-wing alliance ) in 1968 . He held negotiations with John F . Kennedy , which concluded with the sale of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel , the first sale of US military equipment to Israel . In 1969 , Peres was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption and in 1970 he became Minister of Transportation and Communications . In 1974 , after a period as Information Minister , he was appointed Minister of Defense in the Yitzhak Rabin government , having been Rabins chief rival for the post of Prime Minister after Golda Meir resigned in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War . During this time , Peres continued to challenge Rabin for the chairmanship of the party , but in 1977 , he again lost to Rabin in the party elections . Entebbe rescue operation , 1976 . On 27 June 1976 , Peres , as Minister of Defense , along with Rabin , had to deal with a coordinated act of terrorism when 248 Paris-bound travelers on an Air France plane were taken hostage by pro-Palestinian hijackers and flown to Uganda , Africa , 2,000 miles away . Peres and Rabin were responsible for approving what became known as the Entebbe rescue operation , which took place on 4 July 1976 . The rescue boosted the Rabin governments approval rating with the public . The only Israeli soldier that was killed during the successful rescue operation was its commander , 30-year-old Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Netanyahu , older brother of Benjamin Netanyahu . In the few days leading up to the operation , Peres and Rabin leaned toward different solutions . Rabin took steps to initiate negotiations , seeing no other option . Peres , however , felt that negotiating with terrorists , who were demanding the release of prisoners , would in effect be surrender , and thought a rescue operation should be planned . Peres then organized a secret Israel Crisis Committee to come up with a rescue plan . When a plan had been made , he met with commander Netanyahu a number of times . During one of their final private meetings , they both examined maps and went over precise details . Peres later said of Netanyahus explanation , My impression was one of exactitude and imagination , saying that Netanyahu seemed confident the operation would succeed with almost no losses . Netanyahu left the meeting understanding that Peres would do everything in his power to see that the operation went smoothly . Peres then went unannounced to Moshe Dayan , the former Minister of Defense , interrupting his dinner with friends in a restaurant , to show him the latest plan to get his opinion . Peres told Dayan of the objections that had been raised by Rabin and Chief of Staff , Mordechai Gur . Dayan dismissed the objections after reviewing the written details : Shimon , he said , this is a plan that I support not one hundred percent but one hundred and fifty percent ! There has to be a military operation . Peres later got the approval from Gur , who became fully supportive . Peres then took the plan to Rabin , who had been lukewarm and still didnt like the risks , but he reluctantly approved the plan after Peres answered a number of key questions and Rabin learned that the cabinet had also endorsed it . Peres as Prime Minister , 1977 . Peres succeeded Rabin as party leader prior to the 1977 elections when Rabin stepped down in the wake of a foreign currency scandal involving his wife . As Rabin could not legally resign from the transition government , he officially remained Prime Minister , while Peres became the unofficial acting Prime Minister . Peres led the Alignment to its first ever electoral defeat , when Likud under Menachem Begin won sufficient seats to form a coalition that excluded the left . After only a month on top , Peres assumed the role of opposition leader . After turning back a comeback bid by Rabin in 1980 , Peres led his party to another , narrower , loss in the 1981 elections . In the 1984 elections , the Alignment won more seats than any other party but failed to muster the majority of 61 mandates needed to form a left-wing coalition . Alignment and Likud agreed to an unusual rotation arrangement , or unity government , in which Peres would serve as Prime Minister and the Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir would be Foreign Minister , swapping positions midway through the term . A highlight of this time in office was a long-range Israeli airstrike against the PLO headquarters in Tunisia , and a trip to Morocco to confer with King Hassan II . As part of the deal , after two years Peres and Shamir traded places , and in 1986 Peres became foreign minister . In 1988 the Alignment , led by Peres , suffered another narrow defeat . He agreed to renew the coalition with the Likud , this time conceding the premiership to Shamir for the entire term . In the national unity government of 1988–90 , Peres served as Vice Premier and Minister of Finance . He and the Alignment finally left the government in 1990 , after the dirty trick – a failed bid to form a narrow government based on a coalition of the Alignment , small leftist factions and ultra-orthodox parties . Oslo Accords , Peace with Jordan , and Nobel Peace Prize . From 1990 , Peres led the opposition in the Knesset until , in early 1992 , he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party ( which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party ) by Yitzhak Rabin , whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier . Peres remained active in politics , however , serving as Rabins foreign minister from 1992 . Secret negotiations with Yasser Arafats PLO organization led to the Oslo Accords , which won Peres , Rabin and Arafat the Nobel Peace Prize . But in 2002 , members of the Norwegian committee that awards the annual Nobel Peace Prize stated they regretted that Mr Peres prize could not be recalled . Because he had not acted to prevent Israels re-occupation of Palestinian territory , he had not lived up to the ideals he expressed when he accepted the prize , and he was involved in human rights abuses . After Rabins assassination in 1995 , Peres served as Acting Prime Minister and Acting Defense Minister for seven months until the 1996 elections , during which he attempted to maintain the momentum of the peace process . On 26 October 1994 , Jordan and Israel signed the Israel–Jordan peace treaty , which had been initiated by Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Foreign Minister Shimon Peres . The ceremony was held in the Arava valley of Israel , north of Eilat and near the Jordanian border . Prime Minister Rabin and Prime Minister Abdelsalam al-Majali signed the treaty and the President of Israel Ezer Weizman shook hands with King Hussein . US President Bill Clinton observed , accompanied by US Secretary of State Warren Christopher . The treaty brought an end to 46 years of official war between Israel and Jordan . On 11 April 1996 , Prime Minister Peres initiated Operation Grapes of Wrath , which was triggered by Hezbollah Katyusha rockets fired into Israel in response to the killing of two Lebanese by an IDF missile . Israel conducted massive air raids and extensive shelling in southern Lebanon . 106 Lebanese civilians died in the shelling of Qana , when a UN compound was hit in an Israeli shelling . In 1996 , he founded the Peres Center for Peace , which has the aim of promot [ ing ] lasting peace and advancement in the Middle East by fostering tolerance , economic and technological development , cooperation and well-being . During his term , Peres promoted the use of the Internet in Israel and created the first website of an Israeli prime minister . However , he was narrowly defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu in the first direct elections for Prime Minister in 1996 . In 1997 , he did not seek re-election as Labor Party leader and was replaced by Ehud Barak . Barak rebuffed Peress attempt to secure the position of party president and upon forming a government in 1999 appointed Peres to the minor post of Minister of Regional Co-operation . In 2000 , Peres ran for a seven-year term as Israels President , a ceremonial head of state position which usually authorizes the selection of Prime Minister . However , he lost to Likud candidate Moshe Katsav . Katsavs victory was attributed in part to evidence that Peres planned to use the position to support the increasingly unpopular peace processes of the government of Ehud Barak . Following Ehud Baraks defeat by Ariel Sharon in the 2001 direct election for Prime Minister , Peres made yet another comeback . He led Labor into a national unity government with Sharons Likud and secured the post of Foreign Minister . The formal leadership of the party passed to Binyamin Ben-Eliezer , and in 2002 to Haifa mayor Amram Mitzna . Peres was much criticized on the left for clinging to his position as Foreign Minister in a government that was not seen as advancing the peace process , despite his own dovish stance . He left office only when Labor resigned from the government in advance of the 2003 elections . After the party under the leadership of Mitzna suffered a crushing defeat , Peres again emerged as interim leader . He led the party into a coalition with Sharon once more at the end of 2004 when the latters support of disengagement from Gaza presented a diplomatic program Labor could support . Peres lost the chairmanship of the Labor Party in November 2005 , in advance of the 2006 elections . As party leader , he favored putting off the elections for as long as possible . He claimed that an early election would jeopardize both the September 2005 Gaza withdrawal plan and the standing of the party in a national unity government with Sharon . However , the majority pushed for an earlier date , as younger members of the party , among them Amir Peretz , Ophir Pines-Paz and Isaac Herzog , overtook established leaders such as Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Haim Ramon in the party ballot to divide up government portfolios . Peres lost the leadership election with 40% to Peretzs 42.4% . Support for Sharon and joining Kadima . On 30 November 2005 Peres announced that he was leaving the Labor Party to support Ariel Sharon and his new Kadima party . In the immediate aftermath of Sharons debilitating stroke , there was speculation that Peres might take over as leader of the party ; most senior Kadima leaders , however , were former members of Likud and indicated their support for Ehud Olmert as Sharons successor . Labor reportedly tried to woo Peres back to the fold . However , he announced that he supported Olmert and would remain with Kadima . Peres had previously announced his intention not to run in the March elections . Following Kadimas win in the election , Peres was given the role of Vice Prime Minister and Minister for the Development of the Negev , Galilee and Regional Economy . Presidency : 2007–2014 . On 13 June 2007 , Peres was elected President of the State of Israel by the Knesset . 58 of 120 members of the Knesset voted for him in the first round ( whereas 38 voted for Reuven Rivlin , and 21 for Colette Avital ) . His opponents then backed Peres in the second round and 86 members of the Knesset voted in his favor , while 23 objected . He resigned from his role as a Member of the Knesset the same day , having been a member since November 1959 ( except for a three-month period in early 2006 ) , the longest serving in Israeli political history . Peres was sworn in as president on 15 July 2007 . On 20 November 2008 , Peres received an honorary knighthood , Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George from Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace in London . In June 2011 , he was awarded the honorary title of sheikh by Bedouin dignitaries in Hura for his efforts to achieve Middle East peace . Peres thanks his hosts by saying This visit has been a pleasure . I am deeply impressed by Hura . You have done more for yourselves than anyone else could have . He told the Mayor of Hura , Dr . Muhammad Al-Nabari , and members of Huras governing council , that they were part of the Negev . It cannot be developed without developing the Bedouin community , so that it may keep its traditions while joining the modern world . Political views . Peres described himself as a Ben-Gurionist , after his mentor Ben-Gurion . He felt that Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel was a means to a progressive end in which the State of Israel both inspire the world and survive in a region of the world where it was unwelcome . As a younger man , Peres was once considered a hawk . He was a protégé of Ben-Gurion and Dayan and an early supporter of the West Bank settlers during the 1970s . However , after becoming the leader of his party his stance evolved . Subsequently , he was seen as a dove , and a strong supporter of peace through economic cooperation . While still opposed , like all mainstream Israeli leaders in the 1970s and early 1980s , to talks with the PLO , he distanced himself from settlers and spoke of the need for territorial compromise over the West Bank and Gaza . For a time he hoped that King Hussein of Jordan could be Israels Arab negotiating partner rather than Yasser Arafat . Peres met secretly with Hussein in London in 1987 and reached a framework agreement with him , but this was rejected by Israels then Prime Minister , Yitzhak Shamir . Shortly afterward the First Intifada erupted , and whatever plausibility King Hussein had as a potential Israeli partner in resolving the fate of the West Bank evaporated . Subsequently , Peres gradually moved closer to support for talks with the PLO , although he avoided making an outright commitment to this policy until 1993 . Peres was perhaps more closely associated with the Oslo Accords than any other Israeli politician ( Rabin included ) with the possible exception of his own protégé , Yossi Beilin . He remained an adamant supporter of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian Authority since their inception despite the First Intifada and the al-Aqsa Intifada ( Second Intifada ) . However , Peres supported Ariel Sharons military policy of operating the Israeli Defense Forces to thwart suicide bombings . Peres foreign policy outlook was markedly realist . To placate Turkey , Peres downplayed the Armenian genocide . Peres stated : We reject attempts to create a similarity between the Holocaust and the Armenian allegations . Nothing similar to the Holocaust occurred . It is a tragedy what the Armenians went through but not a genocide . Although Peres himself did not retract the statement , the Israeli Foreign Ministry later issued a cable to its missions which stated that The minister absolutely did not say , as the Turkish news agency alleged , What the Armenians underwent was a tragedy , not a genocide . However , according to Armenian news agencies , the statement released by the Israeli consulate in Los Angeles did not include any mention that Peres had not said that the events were not genocide . On the issue of the nuclear program of Iran and the supposed existential threat this poses for Israel , Peres stated , I am not in favor of a military attack on Iran , but we must quickly and decisively establish a strong , aggressive coalition of nations that will impose painful economic sanctions on Iran , adding Irans efforts to achieve nuclear weapons should keep the entire world from sleeping soundly . In the same speech , Peres compared Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and his call to wipe Israel off the map to the genocidal threats to European Jewry made by Adolf Hitler in the years prior to the Holocaust . In an interview with Army Radio on 8 May 2006 he remarked that the president of Iran should remember that Iran can also be wiped off the map . However , after his death it was revealed that Peres had said that he prevented a military strike on Irans nuclear program that had been ordered by Benjamin Netanyahu and Ehud Barak in 2010 . Peres was a proponent of Middle East economic integration . Technology . Peres is regarded as one of the founders of Israels technology sector . Through personal meetings with the French government , he established collaboration treaties with Frances nuclear industry in 1954 . In 1958 , he founded the re-organized RAFAEL Armament Development Authority , under the MODs jurisdiction . From his desk he would control all aspects of Israels nuclear program ( first as Director-General and after 1959 as Deputy-Minister ) . In the 1980s , he is credited with having laid the economic foundations for Israels start-up economy . In later years , he developed an obsessive fascination with nanotechnology and brain research . He believed that brain research would be the key to a better and more peaceful future . He launched his own nanotechnology investment fund in 2003 , raising $5 million in the first week . In 2016 , he founded the Israel innovation center in the Arab neighbourhood of Ajami , Jaffa . The center aims to encourage young people from around the world to be inspired by technology . Laying its foundation stone on 21 July 2016 , Peres said : “We will prove that innovation has no limits and no barriers . Innovation enables dialogue between nations and between people . It will enable all young people – Jews , Muslims and Christians — to engage in science and technology equally . Post-presidency and death . Peres announced in April 2013 that he would not seek to extend his tenure beyond 2014 . His successor , Reuven Rivlin , was elected on 10 June 2014 and took office on 24 July 2014 . In July 2016 , Peres founded the Israel innovation center in the Arab neighbourhood of Ajami , Jaffa , aiming to encourage young people from around the world to be inspired by technology . On 13 September 2016 , Peres suffered a severe stroke and was hospitalized at Sheba Medical Center . His condition was reported to be very serious , as he had suffered a massive brain hemorrhage and significant bleeding . Two days later , he was reported as being in a serious but stable condition . However , on 26 September , an examination found irreversible damage to his brainstem , indicating that it was not possible for him to recover , and the following day , his medical condition deteriorated significantly . He died on 28 September at the age of 93 . Tributes . On hearing of his death , tributes came from leaders across the world . The President of Russia , Vladimir Putin said : I was extremely lucky to have met this extraordinary man many times . And every time I admired his courage , patriotism , wisdom , vision and ability . The President of China , Xi Jinping said : His death is the loss of an old friend for China . The President of India , Pranab Mukherjee said : Peres would be remembered as a steadfast friend of India . The President of the United States , Barack Obama said : I will always be grateful that I was able to call Shimon my friend . Peres was described by The New York Times as having done more than anyone to build up his country’s formidable military might , then [ having ] worked as hard to establish a lasting peace with Israel’s Arab neighbors . Funeral . The funeral was held at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem on 30 September 2016 , with his burial place in the Great Leaders of the Nation section between former Israeli Prime Ministers Yitzhak Rabin and Yitzhak Shamir . About 4,000 mourners and world leaders from 75 countries attended the funeral , with President Barack Obama among those who gave a eulogy . Since the funeral for Nelson Mandela , this was only the second time Obama traveled overseas for the funeral of a foreign leader . Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also spoke . Among the other delegates in attendance and speaking were former President Bill Clinton . Other delegates included PA President Mahmoud Abbas , President François Hollande of France , Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada , German President Joachim Gauck , President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico and King Felipe VI of Spain . The UK delegation included Prince Charles , Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson , former Prime Ministers David Cameron , Gordon Brown , and Tony Blair , and Britains chief Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis . Personal life and family . In May 1945 , Peres married Sonya Gelman , whom he had met in the Ben Shemen Youth Village , where her father served as a carpentry teacher . The couple married after Sonya finished her military service as a truck driver in the British Army during World War II . Through the years Sonya chose to stay away from the media and keep her privacy and the privacy of her family , despite her husbands extensive political career . Sonya Peres was unable to attend Shimons 2007 presidential inauguration ceremony because of ill health . With the election of Peres for president , Sonya Peres , who had not wanted her husband to accept the position , announced that she would stay in the couples apartment in Tel Aviv and not join her husband in Jerusalem . The couple thereafter lived separately . She died on 20 January 2011 , aged 87 , from heart failure at her apartment in Tel Aviv . Shimon and Sonya Peres had three children : - A daughter , Dr . Tsvia ( Tsiki ) Walden , a linguist and professor at Beit Berl Academic College ; - An elder son , Yoni , director of Village Veterinary Center , a veterinary hospital on the campus of Kfar Hayarok Agricultural School near Tel Aviv . He specializes in the treatment of guide dogs ; - A younger son , Nehemia ( Chemi ) , co-founder and Managing General Partner of Pitango Venture Capital , one of Israels largest venture capital funds . Chemi Peres is a former helicopter pilot in the IAF . Peres was a cousin of actress Lauren Bacall ( born Betty Joan Persky ) , although the two only discovered this in the 1950s . He said : In 1952 or 1953 I came to New York.. . Lauren Bacall called me , said that she wanted to meet , and we did . We sat and talked about where our families came from , and discovered that we were from the same family . Poetry and song-writing . Peres was a lifelong writer of poetry and songs . As a child in Vishnyeva , Poland he learned to play the mandolin . He wrote his first song when he was 8 . He was inspired to write , including during cabinet meetings . Many of his poems were turned into songs , with the proceedings of the albums going to charity . His songs have been performed by artists including Andrea Bocelli and Liel Kolet . The most recent of his songs was Chinese Melody ( recorded in Mandarin with Chinese and Israeli musicians ) , released in February 2016 , which he wrote to celebrate the Year of the Monkey ( Music Video of Chinese Melody on YouTube ) . Use of social media . During his presidency ( 2007–2014 ) , Shimon Peres was noted for his embrace of social media to communicate with the public , being described as Israels first social media president , which included producing comedic videos on his YouTube channel such as Be my Friend for Peace and Former Israeli President Shimon Peres Goes Job Hunting . After retirement , he led a viral campaign to encourage children to study mathematics . In one video , he sends his answer to the teacher by throwing a paper plane ( Video : Shimon Peres throws a paper airplane in the name of education on YouTube ) . According to The Wall Street Journal , his presence on platforms such as Snapchat , allowed him to pack more punch—and humor—into the causes he championed , especially peaceful coexistence with the Palestinians . Places named after Peres . Following his death , it was announced that Israels Negev nuclear reactor and atomic research center , that had been constructed in 1958 , would be named after Peres . Netanyahu stated : Shimon Peres worked hard to establish this important facility , a facility which has been very important for Israels security for generations. . Published works . Shimon Peres is the author of 11 books , including : - The Next Step ( 1965 ) - Davids Sling ( 1970 ) ( ) - And Now Tomorrow ( 1978 ) - From These Men : seven founders of the State of Israel ( 1979 ) ( ) - Entebbe Diary ( 1991 ) ( ) - The New Middle East ( 1993 ) ( ) - Battling for Peace : A Memoir ( 1995 ) ( ) - For the Future of Israel ( 1998 ) ( ) - The Imaginary Voyage : With Theodor Herzl in Israel ( 1999 ) ( ) - Ben Gurion : A Political Life ( 2011 ) ( ) Awards and recognition . - 1957 : Commander of the Legion of Honour . - 1994 , 10 December : Nobel Peace Prize together with Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat . - 2008 , 18 November : Honorary doctorate of Law from Kings College London . - 2008 , 20 November : Honorarily appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George . - 2012 , 13 June : Presidential Medal of Freedom from US President Barack Obama . - 2014 , 19 May : The United States House of Representatives voted on , a bill to award Peres the Congressional Gold Medal . The bill said that Congress proclaims its unbreakable bond with Israel . - 2015 , 31 May : The Solomon Bublick Award of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , in recognition of his contributions to the State of Israel , the pursuit of peace , higher education , and science and technology . |
[
"Charles Vidor"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Evelyn Keyes from 1944 to 1945? | /wiki/Evelyn_Keyes#P26#0 | Evelyn Keyes Evelyn Louise Keyes ( November 20 , 1916 – July 4 , 2008 ) was an American film actress . She is best known for her role as Suellen OHara in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind . Early life . Evelyn Keyes was born in Port Arthur , Texas , to Omar Dow Keyes and Maude Ollive Keyes , the daughter of a Methodist minister . After Omar Keyes died when she was three years old , Keyes moved with her mother to Atlanta , Georgia , where they lived with her grandparents . As a teenager , Keyes took dancing lessons and performed for local clubs such as the Daughters of the Confederacy . Film career . A chorus girl by age 18 , Keyes came out to Hollywood and was introduced to Cecil B . DeMille who in her own words “signed me to a personal contract without even making a test” . After a handful of B movies at Paramount Pictures , she landed a minor role in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , that of Scarlett OHaras sister Suellen . ( She was later interviewed for the 1988 documentary . ) Columbia Pictures signed her to a contract . In 1941 , she played an ingenue in Here Comes Mr . Jordan . She spent most of the early 1940s playing leads in many of Columbias B dramas and mysteries . She appeared as the female lead opposite Larry Parks in Columbias blockbuster hit The Jolson Story ( 1946 ) . She followed this up with an enjoyable minor screwball comedy , The Mating of Millie , with Glenn Ford . She was then in a 1949 role as Kathy Flannigan in Mrs . Mike . Keyes last major film role was a small part as Tom Ewells vacationing wife in The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) , which starred Marilyn Monroe . Keyes officially retired in 1956 , but continued to act . Personal life . She was married to Barton Oliver Bainbridge Sr . from 1938 until his death from suicide in 1940 . Later , she married and divorced director Charles Vidor ( 1943–1945 ) , actor/director John Huston ( 23 July 1946 – February 1950 ) , and bandleader Artie Shaw ( 1957–1985 ) . Keyes said of her many relationships : I always took up with the man of the moment and there were many such moments . While married to Huston , the couple adopted a Mexican child , Pablo , whom Huston had discovered while on the set of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . Her autobiography Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister : My Lively Life In and Out of Hollywood was published in 1977 . Keyes expressed her opinion that Mrs . Mike was her best film . She also wrote of the personal cost she paid by having an abortion just before Gone with the Wind was to begin filming , as the experience left her unable to have children . Among the many Hollywood affairs she recounted in Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister were those with producer Michael Todd ( who left Evelyn for Elizabeth Taylor ) , Glenn Ford , Sterling Hayden , Dick Powell , Anthony Quinn , David Niven and Kirk Douglas . She had to fend off Harry Cohns advances during her career at Columbia . Keyes died on July 4 , 2008 from uterine cancer at the Pepper Estates in Montecito , California . She was cremated with her ashes being divided among her relatives with the remaining half sent to Lamar University in Port Arthur , Texas and the last of the cremated remains being buried with her relatives in the family plot at The Waco Baptist Church Cemetery , Waco , Georgia , with a small tombstone with the epitaph Gone with the Wind , where her ashes were buried in October 2008 . External links . - Evelyn Keyes , Actress in Gone with the Wind dies at 91 - New York Times Biography - Photos of Evelyn Keyes in The Jolson Story 1946 by Ned Scott |
[
"John Huston"
] | easy | Who was Evelyn Keyes 's spouse from 1946 to 1950? | /wiki/Evelyn_Keyes#P26#1 | Evelyn Keyes Evelyn Louise Keyes ( November 20 , 1916 – July 4 , 2008 ) was an American film actress . She is best known for her role as Suellen OHara in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind . Early life . Evelyn Keyes was born in Port Arthur , Texas , to Omar Dow Keyes and Maude Ollive Keyes , the daughter of a Methodist minister . After Omar Keyes died when she was three years old , Keyes moved with her mother to Atlanta , Georgia , where they lived with her grandparents . As a teenager , Keyes took dancing lessons and performed for local clubs such as the Daughters of the Confederacy . Film career . A chorus girl by age 18 , Keyes came out to Hollywood and was introduced to Cecil B . DeMille who in her own words “signed me to a personal contract without even making a test” . After a handful of B movies at Paramount Pictures , she landed a minor role in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , that of Scarlett OHaras sister Suellen . ( She was later interviewed for the 1988 documentary . ) Columbia Pictures signed her to a contract . In 1941 , she played an ingenue in Here Comes Mr . Jordan . She spent most of the early 1940s playing leads in many of Columbias B dramas and mysteries . She appeared as the female lead opposite Larry Parks in Columbias blockbuster hit The Jolson Story ( 1946 ) . She followed this up with an enjoyable minor screwball comedy , The Mating of Millie , with Glenn Ford . She was then in a 1949 role as Kathy Flannigan in Mrs . Mike . Keyes last major film role was a small part as Tom Ewells vacationing wife in The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) , which starred Marilyn Monroe . Keyes officially retired in 1956 , but continued to act . Personal life . She was married to Barton Oliver Bainbridge Sr . from 1938 until his death from suicide in 1940 . Later , she married and divorced director Charles Vidor ( 1943–1945 ) , actor/director John Huston ( 23 July 1946 – February 1950 ) , and bandleader Artie Shaw ( 1957–1985 ) . Keyes said of her many relationships : I always took up with the man of the moment and there were many such moments . While married to Huston , the couple adopted a Mexican child , Pablo , whom Huston had discovered while on the set of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . Her autobiography Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister : My Lively Life In and Out of Hollywood was published in 1977 . Keyes expressed her opinion that Mrs . Mike was her best film . She also wrote of the personal cost she paid by having an abortion just before Gone with the Wind was to begin filming , as the experience left her unable to have children . Among the many Hollywood affairs she recounted in Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister were those with producer Michael Todd ( who left Evelyn for Elizabeth Taylor ) , Glenn Ford , Sterling Hayden , Dick Powell , Anthony Quinn , David Niven and Kirk Douglas . She had to fend off Harry Cohns advances during her career at Columbia . Keyes died on July 4 , 2008 from uterine cancer at the Pepper Estates in Montecito , California . She was cremated with her ashes being divided among her relatives with the remaining half sent to Lamar University in Port Arthur , Texas and the last of the cremated remains being buried with her relatives in the family plot at The Waco Baptist Church Cemetery , Waco , Georgia , with a small tombstone with the epitaph Gone with the Wind , where her ashes were buried in October 2008 . External links . - Evelyn Keyes , Actress in Gone with the Wind dies at 91 - New York Times Biography - Photos of Evelyn Keyes in The Jolson Story 1946 by Ned Scott |
[
"Artie Shaw"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Evelyn Keyes from 1957 to 1985? | /wiki/Evelyn_Keyes#P26#2 | Evelyn Keyes Evelyn Louise Keyes ( November 20 , 1916 – July 4 , 2008 ) was an American film actress . She is best known for her role as Suellen OHara in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind . Early life . Evelyn Keyes was born in Port Arthur , Texas , to Omar Dow Keyes and Maude Ollive Keyes , the daughter of a Methodist minister . After Omar Keyes died when she was three years old , Keyes moved with her mother to Atlanta , Georgia , where they lived with her grandparents . As a teenager , Keyes took dancing lessons and performed for local clubs such as the Daughters of the Confederacy . Film career . A chorus girl by age 18 , Keyes came out to Hollywood and was introduced to Cecil B . DeMille who in her own words “signed me to a personal contract without even making a test” . After a handful of B movies at Paramount Pictures , she landed a minor role in Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) , that of Scarlett OHaras sister Suellen . ( She was later interviewed for the 1988 documentary . ) Columbia Pictures signed her to a contract . In 1941 , she played an ingenue in Here Comes Mr . Jordan . She spent most of the early 1940s playing leads in many of Columbias B dramas and mysteries . She appeared as the female lead opposite Larry Parks in Columbias blockbuster hit The Jolson Story ( 1946 ) . She followed this up with an enjoyable minor screwball comedy , The Mating of Millie , with Glenn Ford . She was then in a 1949 role as Kathy Flannigan in Mrs . Mike . Keyes last major film role was a small part as Tom Ewells vacationing wife in The Seven Year Itch ( 1955 ) , which starred Marilyn Monroe . Keyes officially retired in 1956 , but continued to act . Personal life . She was married to Barton Oliver Bainbridge Sr . from 1938 until his death from suicide in 1940 . Later , she married and divorced director Charles Vidor ( 1943–1945 ) , actor/director John Huston ( 23 July 1946 – February 1950 ) , and bandleader Artie Shaw ( 1957–1985 ) . Keyes said of her many relationships : I always took up with the man of the moment and there were many such moments . While married to Huston , the couple adopted a Mexican child , Pablo , whom Huston had discovered while on the set of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . Her autobiography Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister : My Lively Life In and Out of Hollywood was published in 1977 . Keyes expressed her opinion that Mrs . Mike was her best film . She also wrote of the personal cost she paid by having an abortion just before Gone with the Wind was to begin filming , as the experience left her unable to have children . Among the many Hollywood affairs she recounted in Scarlett OHaras Younger Sister were those with producer Michael Todd ( who left Evelyn for Elizabeth Taylor ) , Glenn Ford , Sterling Hayden , Dick Powell , Anthony Quinn , David Niven and Kirk Douglas . She had to fend off Harry Cohns advances during her career at Columbia . Keyes died on July 4 , 2008 from uterine cancer at the Pepper Estates in Montecito , California . She was cremated with her ashes being divided among her relatives with the remaining half sent to Lamar University in Port Arthur , Texas and the last of the cremated remains being buried with her relatives in the family plot at The Waco Baptist Church Cemetery , Waco , Georgia , with a small tombstone with the epitaph Gone with the Wind , where her ashes were buried in October 2008 . External links . - Evelyn Keyes , Actress in Gone with the Wind dies at 91 - New York Times Biography - Photos of Evelyn Keyes in The Jolson Story 1946 by Ned Scott |
[
"assistant district attorney"
] | easy | Which position did Hugh Scott hold from 1926 to 1941? | /wiki/Hugh_Scott#P39#0 | Hugh Scott Hugh Doggett Scott Jr . ( November 11 , 1900 – July 21 , 1994 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he represented Pennsylvania in the US House of Representatives from 1947 to 1959 and in the US Senate , from 1959 to 1977 . He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977 . Born and educated in Virginia , Scott moved to Philadelphia to join his uncles law firm . He was appointed as Philadelphias assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941 . Scott won election to represent Northwest Philadelphia in the House of Representatives in 1940 . He lost re-election in 1944 but won his seat back in 1946 and served in the House until 1959 . Scott established a reputation as an internationalist and moderate Republican Congressman . After helping Thomas E . Dewey win the 1948 Republican presidential nomination , Scott held the position of Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1948 to 1949 . He also served as Dwight Eisenhowers campaign chairman in the 1952 presidential election . Scott won election to the Senate in 1958 , narrowly prevailing over Democratic Governor George M . Leader . He was a strong advocate for civil rights legislation and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1968 , as well as the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S . Supreme Court . He won election as Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 and was elevated to Senate Minority Leader after Everett Dirksens death later that year . As the Republican leader in the Senate , Scott urged President Richard Nixon to resign in the aftermath of the Watergate Scandal . Scott declined to seek another term in 1976 and retired in 1977 . Early life and education . The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee ( née Lewis ) Scott , Hugh Doggett Scott was born on an estate in Fredericksburg , Virginia , that was once owned by George Washington . His grandfather served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under General John Hunt Morgan , and his great-grandmother was the niece of President Zachary Taylor . After attending public schools in Fredericksburg , he studied at Randolph–Macon College in Ashland , Virginia , from which he graduated in 1919 . He enrolled in the Student Reserve Officers Training Corps and the Students Army Training Corps during World War I . In 1922 , Scott earned his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law at Charlottesville , where he was a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity . His interest in politics was established after he frequently attended committee hearings in the Virginia House of Delegates . Early political career . Scott was admitted to the bar in 1922 and then moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he joined his uncles law firm . Two years later , he married Marian Huntington Chase to whom he remained married until her death in 1987 . The couple had one daughter , Marian . Scott , who had become a regular worker for the Republican Party , was appointed assistant district attorney of Philadelphia in 1926 and served in that position until 1941 . He claimed to have prosecuted more than 20,000 cases during his tenure . From 1938 to 1940 , he served as a member of the Governors Commission on Reform of the Magistrates System . United States House of Representatives . In 1940 , after longtime Republican incumbent George P . Darrow decided to retire , Scott was elected to the US House of Representatives from Pennsylvanias 7th congressional district . The district was then based in Northwest Philadelphia . He defeated Democratic candidate Gilbert Cassidy by a margin of 3,362 votes . In 1942 , he was re-elected to a second term after defeating Democrat Thomas Minehart , a former member of the Philadelphia City Council and future Pennsylvania Treasurer ; Scott received nearly 56% of the vote . In 1943 , he became a member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati . In 1944 , Scott was defeated for re-election by Democrat Herb McGlinchey , losing by only 2,329 votes . Scott joined the United States Navy Reserve in 1940 . He served during World War II , and was posted to both Iceland with the Atlantic Fleet and the USS New Mexico with the United States Pacific Fleet . He was among US forces that entered Japan on the first day of post-war occupation , and was discharged with the rank of commander . In 1946 , Scott reclaimed his House seat , handily defeating McGlinchey by a margin of more than 23,000 vote by speaking out against both President Franklin Roosevelts betrayal at Yalta and communists in Washington , DC . He was reelected five times , and served until winning election to the U.S . Senate . During his tenure in the House , Scott established himself as a strong internationalist by voting in favor of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 , foreign aid to both Greece and Turkey , and the Marshall Plan . He also earned a reputation as a moderate Republican by supporting public housing , rent control , and the abolition of the poll tax as well as other legislation sought by the Civil Rights Movement . From 1948 to 1949 , he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee ; he received the position after helping New York Governor Thomas E . Dewey obtain the Republican nomination in the 1948 presidential election . Facing staunch opposition from Ohio Senator Robert A . Taft , Scott barely survived a no-confidence ballot but still resigned as RNC chairman . He later served as campaign chairman for Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election . United States Senate . In 1958 , after fellow Republican Edward Martin declined to run for re-election , Scott was elected to the US Senate . He narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , Governor George M . Leader , by a margin of 51 to 48 percent . Scott continued his progressive voting record in the Senate by opposing President Eisenhowers veto of a housing bill in 1959 and a redevelopment bill in 1960 . He voted to end segregationist Democratic senators filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 , and he later sponsored 12 bills to implement the recommendations of the Civil Rights Commission . A memorable quote from Scott came during the U-2 Incident in 1960 , when he said , We have violated the eleventh Commandment — Thou Shall Not Get Caught . In 1962 , Scott threatened to run for Governor of Pennsylvania if the Republican Party did not nominate the moderate Representative William W . Scranton over the more conservative Judge Robert E . Woodside , a former Pennsylvania Attorney General . He even supported Scranton as a more liberal alternative to conservative Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination in the 1964 presidential election . Scott also faced re-election in 1964 and overcame the national landslide for Democratic President Lyndon Johnson to defeat the state Secretary of Internal Affairs , Democrat Genevieve Blatt , by approximately 70,000 votes . Scott voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 . In 1966 , along with two other Republican Senators and five Republican Representatives , Scott signed a telegram sent to Georgia Governor Carl Sanders on the Georgia legislatures refusal to seat the recently elected Julian Bond in its state House of Representatives . The refusal , said the telegram , was a dangerous attack on representative government . None of us agree with Mr . Bonds views on the Vietnam War ; in fact we strongly repudiate these views . But unless otherwise determined by a court of law , which the Georgia Legislature is not , he is entitled to express them . Scott supported New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller for the Republican nomination in the 1968 presidential election . Scott was reelected again in 1970 , defeating Democratic State Senator William Sesler by a margin of 51 to 45 percent . Scott served until January 3 , 1977 and was elected Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 . After the death of Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen in September 1969 , Scott was narrowly elected Senate Minority Leader over Tennessee Senator Howard Baker ( Dirksens son-in-law ) , serving until 1977 . In 1967 , Scott held a Fellowship at Balliol College , Oxford , where he contributed regularly to Alan Montefiores politics seminar for postgraduates . Once , when he and Montefiore started talking at the same time , Scott carried on speaking with the amiable excuse : You can remember what you want to say longer than I can . Scott was Chairman of the Select Committee on Secret and Confidential Documents ( 92nd Congress ) . He wielded tremendous influence . Scott was displeased with the Nixon administration and believed that it was aloof , unapproachable , and contemptuous of him . Scott believed that he would be given a major role in setting administration policy but was disappointed when that did not occur . Actively assisting in the behind-the-scenes transition from the Nixon administration to the Ford administration in the months leading up to the resignation of President Richard Nixon , Scott sought assurance from Gerald Ford that Scott would be able to address Ford as Jerry even after Ford became President . Scott was one of the three Republican leaders in Congress to meet Nixon in the Oval Office of the White House to tell Nixon that he had lost support of the party in Congress , on August 7 , 1974 . The meeting came the day before Nixon would announce his resignation from the presidency . The delegation was led by senior party leader and Arizona Senator Goldwater and also included House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes ( R-Arizona ) . The erosion of Nixons support had progressed after the June 1972 Watergate break-in . In 1976 , the Senate undertook an ethics inquiry into accusations that he had received payment from lobbyists for the Gulf Oil Corporation . Scott acknowledged having received $45,000 but claimed that they were legal campaign contributions . He did not run for re-election in 1976 and was succeeded by Republican John Heinz . The same year , he chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the Republican National Convention . Later life . Scott was a resident of Washington , DC and then Falls Church , Virginia , until his death there in 1994 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . His papers are held at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia . References . - Kotlowski , Dean J . Unhappily Yoked ? Hugh Scott and Richard Nixon . Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2001 125 ( 3 ) : 233-266 . ISSN 0031-4587 online - Abstract : While their different public personas , political interests , and institutional duties led to occasional disagreement , President Richard Nixon and Senate Minority Leader Scott were not always unhappily tethered as evidenced by their stances on domestic and foreign issues throughout Nixons presidency , during 1968–74 . While he jousted with Nixon over racial policies and his Supreme Court nominations , including his choice of Judge Clement F . Haynsworth , Jr. , of South Carolina , Scott supported much of Nixons domestic agenda , applauded the presidents conduct of foreign affairs , backed his Vietnam policy , praised his invasion of Cambodia , publicly proclaimed Nixons innocence during the Watergate scandal , and endorsed President Gerald Fords pardon of his predecessor . The Nixon-Scott relationship is notable because it confirms scholars assumptions about Nixons hot-and-cold association with Congress and indicates that sparring between moderate Republicans like Nixon and Scott was on its way out . External links . - The Political Graveyard |
[
"US House of Representatives"
] | easy | Hugh Scott took which position from 1941 to 1945? | /wiki/Hugh_Scott#P39#1 | Hugh Scott Hugh Doggett Scott Jr . ( November 11 , 1900 – July 21 , 1994 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he represented Pennsylvania in the US House of Representatives from 1947 to 1959 and in the US Senate , from 1959 to 1977 . He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977 . Born and educated in Virginia , Scott moved to Philadelphia to join his uncles law firm . He was appointed as Philadelphias assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941 . Scott won election to represent Northwest Philadelphia in the House of Representatives in 1940 . He lost re-election in 1944 but won his seat back in 1946 and served in the House until 1959 . Scott established a reputation as an internationalist and moderate Republican Congressman . After helping Thomas E . Dewey win the 1948 Republican presidential nomination , Scott held the position of Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1948 to 1949 . He also served as Dwight Eisenhowers campaign chairman in the 1952 presidential election . Scott won election to the Senate in 1958 , narrowly prevailing over Democratic Governor George M . Leader . He was a strong advocate for civil rights legislation and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1968 , as well as the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S . Supreme Court . He won election as Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 and was elevated to Senate Minority Leader after Everett Dirksens death later that year . As the Republican leader in the Senate , Scott urged President Richard Nixon to resign in the aftermath of the Watergate Scandal . Scott declined to seek another term in 1976 and retired in 1977 . Early life and education . The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee ( née Lewis ) Scott , Hugh Doggett Scott was born on an estate in Fredericksburg , Virginia , that was once owned by George Washington . His grandfather served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under General John Hunt Morgan , and his great-grandmother was the niece of President Zachary Taylor . After attending public schools in Fredericksburg , he studied at Randolph–Macon College in Ashland , Virginia , from which he graduated in 1919 . He enrolled in the Student Reserve Officers Training Corps and the Students Army Training Corps during World War I . In 1922 , Scott earned his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law at Charlottesville , where he was a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity . His interest in politics was established after he frequently attended committee hearings in the Virginia House of Delegates . Early political career . Scott was admitted to the bar in 1922 and then moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he joined his uncles law firm . Two years later , he married Marian Huntington Chase to whom he remained married until her death in 1987 . The couple had one daughter , Marian . Scott , who had become a regular worker for the Republican Party , was appointed assistant district attorney of Philadelphia in 1926 and served in that position until 1941 . He claimed to have prosecuted more than 20,000 cases during his tenure . From 1938 to 1940 , he served as a member of the Governors Commission on Reform of the Magistrates System . United States House of Representatives . In 1940 , after longtime Republican incumbent George P . Darrow decided to retire , Scott was elected to the US House of Representatives from Pennsylvanias 7th congressional district . The district was then based in Northwest Philadelphia . He defeated Democratic candidate Gilbert Cassidy by a margin of 3,362 votes . In 1942 , he was re-elected to a second term after defeating Democrat Thomas Minehart , a former member of the Philadelphia City Council and future Pennsylvania Treasurer ; Scott received nearly 56% of the vote . In 1943 , he became a member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati . In 1944 , Scott was defeated for re-election by Democrat Herb McGlinchey , losing by only 2,329 votes . Scott joined the United States Navy Reserve in 1940 . He served during World War II , and was posted to both Iceland with the Atlantic Fleet and the USS New Mexico with the United States Pacific Fleet . He was among US forces that entered Japan on the first day of post-war occupation , and was discharged with the rank of commander . In 1946 , Scott reclaimed his House seat , handily defeating McGlinchey by a margin of more than 23,000 vote by speaking out against both President Franklin Roosevelts betrayal at Yalta and communists in Washington , DC . He was reelected five times , and served until winning election to the U.S . Senate . During his tenure in the House , Scott established himself as a strong internationalist by voting in favor of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 , foreign aid to both Greece and Turkey , and the Marshall Plan . He also earned a reputation as a moderate Republican by supporting public housing , rent control , and the abolition of the poll tax as well as other legislation sought by the Civil Rights Movement . From 1948 to 1949 , he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee ; he received the position after helping New York Governor Thomas E . Dewey obtain the Republican nomination in the 1948 presidential election . Facing staunch opposition from Ohio Senator Robert A . Taft , Scott barely survived a no-confidence ballot but still resigned as RNC chairman . He later served as campaign chairman for Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election . United States Senate . In 1958 , after fellow Republican Edward Martin declined to run for re-election , Scott was elected to the US Senate . He narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , Governor George M . Leader , by a margin of 51 to 48 percent . Scott continued his progressive voting record in the Senate by opposing President Eisenhowers veto of a housing bill in 1959 and a redevelopment bill in 1960 . He voted to end segregationist Democratic senators filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 , and he later sponsored 12 bills to implement the recommendations of the Civil Rights Commission . A memorable quote from Scott came during the U-2 Incident in 1960 , when he said , We have violated the eleventh Commandment — Thou Shall Not Get Caught . In 1962 , Scott threatened to run for Governor of Pennsylvania if the Republican Party did not nominate the moderate Representative William W . Scranton over the more conservative Judge Robert E . Woodside , a former Pennsylvania Attorney General . He even supported Scranton as a more liberal alternative to conservative Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination in the 1964 presidential election . Scott also faced re-election in 1964 and overcame the national landslide for Democratic President Lyndon Johnson to defeat the state Secretary of Internal Affairs , Democrat Genevieve Blatt , by approximately 70,000 votes . Scott voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 . In 1966 , along with two other Republican Senators and five Republican Representatives , Scott signed a telegram sent to Georgia Governor Carl Sanders on the Georgia legislatures refusal to seat the recently elected Julian Bond in its state House of Representatives . The refusal , said the telegram , was a dangerous attack on representative government . None of us agree with Mr . Bonds views on the Vietnam War ; in fact we strongly repudiate these views . But unless otherwise determined by a court of law , which the Georgia Legislature is not , he is entitled to express them . Scott supported New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller for the Republican nomination in the 1968 presidential election . Scott was reelected again in 1970 , defeating Democratic State Senator William Sesler by a margin of 51 to 45 percent . Scott served until January 3 , 1977 and was elected Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 . After the death of Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen in September 1969 , Scott was narrowly elected Senate Minority Leader over Tennessee Senator Howard Baker ( Dirksens son-in-law ) , serving until 1977 . In 1967 , Scott held a Fellowship at Balliol College , Oxford , where he contributed regularly to Alan Montefiores politics seminar for postgraduates . Once , when he and Montefiore started talking at the same time , Scott carried on speaking with the amiable excuse : You can remember what you want to say longer than I can . Scott was Chairman of the Select Committee on Secret and Confidential Documents ( 92nd Congress ) . He wielded tremendous influence . Scott was displeased with the Nixon administration and believed that it was aloof , unapproachable , and contemptuous of him . Scott believed that he would be given a major role in setting administration policy but was disappointed when that did not occur . Actively assisting in the behind-the-scenes transition from the Nixon administration to the Ford administration in the months leading up to the resignation of President Richard Nixon , Scott sought assurance from Gerald Ford that Scott would be able to address Ford as Jerry even after Ford became President . Scott was one of the three Republican leaders in Congress to meet Nixon in the Oval Office of the White House to tell Nixon that he had lost support of the party in Congress , on August 7 , 1974 . The meeting came the day before Nixon would announce his resignation from the presidency . The delegation was led by senior party leader and Arizona Senator Goldwater and also included House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes ( R-Arizona ) . The erosion of Nixons support had progressed after the June 1972 Watergate break-in . In 1976 , the Senate undertook an ethics inquiry into accusations that he had received payment from lobbyists for the Gulf Oil Corporation . Scott acknowledged having received $45,000 but claimed that they were legal campaign contributions . He did not run for re-election in 1976 and was succeeded by Republican John Heinz . The same year , he chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the Republican National Convention . Later life . Scott was a resident of Washington , DC and then Falls Church , Virginia , until his death there in 1994 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . His papers are held at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia . References . - Kotlowski , Dean J . Unhappily Yoked ? Hugh Scott and Richard Nixon . Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2001 125 ( 3 ) : 233-266 . ISSN 0031-4587 online - Abstract : While their different public personas , political interests , and institutional duties led to occasional disagreement , President Richard Nixon and Senate Minority Leader Scott were not always unhappily tethered as evidenced by their stances on domestic and foreign issues throughout Nixons presidency , during 1968–74 . While he jousted with Nixon over racial policies and his Supreme Court nominations , including his choice of Judge Clement F . Haynsworth , Jr. , of South Carolina , Scott supported much of Nixons domestic agenda , applauded the presidents conduct of foreign affairs , backed his Vietnam policy , praised his invasion of Cambodia , publicly proclaimed Nixons innocence during the Watergate scandal , and endorsed President Gerald Fords pardon of his predecessor . The Nixon-Scott relationship is notable because it confirms scholars assumptions about Nixons hot-and-cold association with Congress and indicates that sparring between moderate Republicans like Nixon and Scott was on its way out . External links . - The Political Graveyard |
[
"chairman of the Republican National Committee"
] | easy | What position did Hugh Scott take from 1948 to 1949? | /wiki/Hugh_Scott#P39#2 | Hugh Scott Hugh Doggett Scott Jr . ( November 11 , 1900 – July 21 , 1994 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he represented Pennsylvania in the US House of Representatives from 1947 to 1959 and in the US Senate , from 1959 to 1977 . He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977 . Born and educated in Virginia , Scott moved to Philadelphia to join his uncles law firm . He was appointed as Philadelphias assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941 . Scott won election to represent Northwest Philadelphia in the House of Representatives in 1940 . He lost re-election in 1944 but won his seat back in 1946 and served in the House until 1959 . Scott established a reputation as an internationalist and moderate Republican Congressman . After helping Thomas E . Dewey win the 1948 Republican presidential nomination , Scott held the position of Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1948 to 1949 . He also served as Dwight Eisenhowers campaign chairman in the 1952 presidential election . Scott won election to the Senate in 1958 , narrowly prevailing over Democratic Governor George M . Leader . He was a strong advocate for civil rights legislation and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1968 , as well as the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S . Supreme Court . He won election as Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 and was elevated to Senate Minority Leader after Everett Dirksens death later that year . As the Republican leader in the Senate , Scott urged President Richard Nixon to resign in the aftermath of the Watergate Scandal . Scott declined to seek another term in 1976 and retired in 1977 . Early life and education . The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee ( née Lewis ) Scott , Hugh Doggett Scott was born on an estate in Fredericksburg , Virginia , that was once owned by George Washington . His grandfather served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under General John Hunt Morgan , and his great-grandmother was the niece of President Zachary Taylor . After attending public schools in Fredericksburg , he studied at Randolph–Macon College in Ashland , Virginia , from which he graduated in 1919 . He enrolled in the Student Reserve Officers Training Corps and the Students Army Training Corps during World War I . In 1922 , Scott earned his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law at Charlottesville , where he was a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity . His interest in politics was established after he frequently attended committee hearings in the Virginia House of Delegates . Early political career . Scott was admitted to the bar in 1922 and then moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he joined his uncles law firm . Two years later , he married Marian Huntington Chase to whom he remained married until her death in 1987 . The couple had one daughter , Marian . Scott , who had become a regular worker for the Republican Party , was appointed assistant district attorney of Philadelphia in 1926 and served in that position until 1941 . He claimed to have prosecuted more than 20,000 cases during his tenure . From 1938 to 1940 , he served as a member of the Governors Commission on Reform of the Magistrates System . United States House of Representatives . In 1940 , after longtime Republican incumbent George P . Darrow decided to retire , Scott was elected to the US House of Representatives from Pennsylvanias 7th congressional district . The district was then based in Northwest Philadelphia . He defeated Democratic candidate Gilbert Cassidy by a margin of 3,362 votes . In 1942 , he was re-elected to a second term after defeating Democrat Thomas Minehart , a former member of the Philadelphia City Council and future Pennsylvania Treasurer ; Scott received nearly 56% of the vote . In 1943 , he became a member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati . In 1944 , Scott was defeated for re-election by Democrat Herb McGlinchey , losing by only 2,329 votes . Scott joined the United States Navy Reserve in 1940 . He served during World War II , and was posted to both Iceland with the Atlantic Fleet and the USS New Mexico with the United States Pacific Fleet . He was among US forces that entered Japan on the first day of post-war occupation , and was discharged with the rank of commander . In 1946 , Scott reclaimed his House seat , handily defeating McGlinchey by a margin of more than 23,000 vote by speaking out against both President Franklin Roosevelts betrayal at Yalta and communists in Washington , DC . He was reelected five times , and served until winning election to the U.S . Senate . During his tenure in the House , Scott established himself as a strong internationalist by voting in favor of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 , foreign aid to both Greece and Turkey , and the Marshall Plan . He also earned a reputation as a moderate Republican by supporting public housing , rent control , and the abolition of the poll tax as well as other legislation sought by the Civil Rights Movement . From 1948 to 1949 , he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee ; he received the position after helping New York Governor Thomas E . Dewey obtain the Republican nomination in the 1948 presidential election . Facing staunch opposition from Ohio Senator Robert A . Taft , Scott barely survived a no-confidence ballot but still resigned as RNC chairman . He later served as campaign chairman for Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election . United States Senate . In 1958 , after fellow Republican Edward Martin declined to run for re-election , Scott was elected to the US Senate . He narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , Governor George M . Leader , by a margin of 51 to 48 percent . Scott continued his progressive voting record in the Senate by opposing President Eisenhowers veto of a housing bill in 1959 and a redevelopment bill in 1960 . He voted to end segregationist Democratic senators filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 , and he later sponsored 12 bills to implement the recommendations of the Civil Rights Commission . A memorable quote from Scott came during the U-2 Incident in 1960 , when he said , We have violated the eleventh Commandment — Thou Shall Not Get Caught . In 1962 , Scott threatened to run for Governor of Pennsylvania if the Republican Party did not nominate the moderate Representative William W . Scranton over the more conservative Judge Robert E . Woodside , a former Pennsylvania Attorney General . He even supported Scranton as a more liberal alternative to conservative Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination in the 1964 presidential election . Scott also faced re-election in 1964 and overcame the national landslide for Democratic President Lyndon Johnson to defeat the state Secretary of Internal Affairs , Democrat Genevieve Blatt , by approximately 70,000 votes . Scott voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 . In 1966 , along with two other Republican Senators and five Republican Representatives , Scott signed a telegram sent to Georgia Governor Carl Sanders on the Georgia legislatures refusal to seat the recently elected Julian Bond in its state House of Representatives . The refusal , said the telegram , was a dangerous attack on representative government . None of us agree with Mr . Bonds views on the Vietnam War ; in fact we strongly repudiate these views . But unless otherwise determined by a court of law , which the Georgia Legislature is not , he is entitled to express them . Scott supported New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller for the Republican nomination in the 1968 presidential election . Scott was reelected again in 1970 , defeating Democratic State Senator William Sesler by a margin of 51 to 45 percent . Scott served until January 3 , 1977 and was elected Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 . After the death of Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen in September 1969 , Scott was narrowly elected Senate Minority Leader over Tennessee Senator Howard Baker ( Dirksens son-in-law ) , serving until 1977 . In 1967 , Scott held a Fellowship at Balliol College , Oxford , where he contributed regularly to Alan Montefiores politics seminar for postgraduates . Once , when he and Montefiore started talking at the same time , Scott carried on speaking with the amiable excuse : You can remember what you want to say longer than I can . Scott was Chairman of the Select Committee on Secret and Confidential Documents ( 92nd Congress ) . He wielded tremendous influence . Scott was displeased with the Nixon administration and believed that it was aloof , unapproachable , and contemptuous of him . Scott believed that he would be given a major role in setting administration policy but was disappointed when that did not occur . Actively assisting in the behind-the-scenes transition from the Nixon administration to the Ford administration in the months leading up to the resignation of President Richard Nixon , Scott sought assurance from Gerald Ford that Scott would be able to address Ford as Jerry even after Ford became President . Scott was one of the three Republican leaders in Congress to meet Nixon in the Oval Office of the White House to tell Nixon that he had lost support of the party in Congress , on August 7 , 1974 . The meeting came the day before Nixon would announce his resignation from the presidency . The delegation was led by senior party leader and Arizona Senator Goldwater and also included House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes ( R-Arizona ) . The erosion of Nixons support had progressed after the June 1972 Watergate break-in . In 1976 , the Senate undertook an ethics inquiry into accusations that he had received payment from lobbyists for the Gulf Oil Corporation . Scott acknowledged having received $45,000 but claimed that they were legal campaign contributions . He did not run for re-election in 1976 and was succeeded by Republican John Heinz . The same year , he chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the Republican National Convention . Later life . Scott was a resident of Washington , DC and then Falls Church , Virginia , until his death there in 1994 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . His papers are held at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia . References . - Kotlowski , Dean J . Unhappily Yoked ? Hugh Scott and Richard Nixon . Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2001 125 ( 3 ) : 233-266 . ISSN 0031-4587 online - Abstract : While their different public personas , political interests , and institutional duties led to occasional disagreement , President Richard Nixon and Senate Minority Leader Scott were not always unhappily tethered as evidenced by their stances on domestic and foreign issues throughout Nixons presidency , during 1968–74 . While he jousted with Nixon over racial policies and his Supreme Court nominations , including his choice of Judge Clement F . Haynsworth , Jr. , of South Carolina , Scott supported much of Nixons domestic agenda , applauded the presidents conduct of foreign affairs , backed his Vietnam policy , praised his invasion of Cambodia , publicly proclaimed Nixons innocence during the Watergate scandal , and endorsed President Gerald Fords pardon of his predecessor . The Nixon-Scott relationship is notable because it confirms scholars assumptions about Nixons hot-and-cold association with Congress and indicates that sparring between moderate Republicans like Nixon and Scott was on its way out . External links . - The Political Graveyard |
[
"US Senate"
] | easy | Hugh Scott took which position from 1959 to 1977? | /wiki/Hugh_Scott#P39#3 | Hugh Scott Hugh Doggett Scott Jr . ( November 11 , 1900 – July 21 , 1994 ) was an American lawyer and politician . A member of the Republican Party , he represented Pennsylvania in the US House of Representatives from 1947 to 1959 and in the US Senate , from 1959 to 1977 . He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1969 to 1977 . Born and educated in Virginia , Scott moved to Philadelphia to join his uncles law firm . He was appointed as Philadelphias assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941 . Scott won election to represent Northwest Philadelphia in the House of Representatives in 1940 . He lost re-election in 1944 but won his seat back in 1946 and served in the House until 1959 . Scott established a reputation as an internationalist and moderate Republican Congressman . After helping Thomas E . Dewey win the 1948 Republican presidential nomination , Scott held the position of Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1948 to 1949 . He also served as Dwight Eisenhowers campaign chairman in the 1952 presidential election . Scott won election to the Senate in 1958 , narrowly prevailing over Democratic Governor George M . Leader . He was a strong advocate for civil rights legislation and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 , 1960 , 1964 , and 1968 , as well as the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S . Supreme Court . He won election as Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 and was elevated to Senate Minority Leader after Everett Dirksens death later that year . As the Republican leader in the Senate , Scott urged President Richard Nixon to resign in the aftermath of the Watergate Scandal . Scott declined to seek another term in 1976 and retired in 1977 . Early life and education . The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee ( née Lewis ) Scott , Hugh Doggett Scott was born on an estate in Fredericksburg , Virginia , that was once owned by George Washington . His grandfather served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War under General John Hunt Morgan , and his great-grandmother was the niece of President Zachary Taylor . After attending public schools in Fredericksburg , he studied at Randolph–Macon College in Ashland , Virginia , from which he graduated in 1919 . He enrolled in the Student Reserve Officers Training Corps and the Students Army Training Corps during World War I . In 1922 , Scott earned his law degree from the University of Virginia School of Law at Charlottesville , where he was a member of the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Alpha Chi Rho fraternity . His interest in politics was established after he frequently attended committee hearings in the Virginia House of Delegates . Early political career . Scott was admitted to the bar in 1922 and then moved to Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , where he joined his uncles law firm . Two years later , he married Marian Huntington Chase to whom he remained married until her death in 1987 . The couple had one daughter , Marian . Scott , who had become a regular worker for the Republican Party , was appointed assistant district attorney of Philadelphia in 1926 and served in that position until 1941 . He claimed to have prosecuted more than 20,000 cases during his tenure . From 1938 to 1940 , he served as a member of the Governors Commission on Reform of the Magistrates System . United States House of Representatives . In 1940 , after longtime Republican incumbent George P . Darrow decided to retire , Scott was elected to the US House of Representatives from Pennsylvanias 7th congressional district . The district was then based in Northwest Philadelphia . He defeated Democratic candidate Gilbert Cassidy by a margin of 3,362 votes . In 1942 , he was re-elected to a second term after defeating Democrat Thomas Minehart , a former member of the Philadelphia City Council and future Pennsylvania Treasurer ; Scott received nearly 56% of the vote . In 1943 , he became a member of the Virginia Society of the Cincinnati . In 1944 , Scott was defeated for re-election by Democrat Herb McGlinchey , losing by only 2,329 votes . Scott joined the United States Navy Reserve in 1940 . He served during World War II , and was posted to both Iceland with the Atlantic Fleet and the USS New Mexico with the United States Pacific Fleet . He was among US forces that entered Japan on the first day of post-war occupation , and was discharged with the rank of commander . In 1946 , Scott reclaimed his House seat , handily defeating McGlinchey by a margin of more than 23,000 vote by speaking out against both President Franklin Roosevelts betrayal at Yalta and communists in Washington , DC . He was reelected five times , and served until winning election to the U.S . Senate . During his tenure in the House , Scott established himself as a strong internationalist by voting in favor of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 , foreign aid to both Greece and Turkey , and the Marshall Plan . He also earned a reputation as a moderate Republican by supporting public housing , rent control , and the abolition of the poll tax as well as other legislation sought by the Civil Rights Movement . From 1948 to 1949 , he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee ; he received the position after helping New York Governor Thomas E . Dewey obtain the Republican nomination in the 1948 presidential election . Facing staunch opposition from Ohio Senator Robert A . Taft , Scott barely survived a no-confidence ballot but still resigned as RNC chairman . He later served as campaign chairman for Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election . United States Senate . In 1958 , after fellow Republican Edward Martin declined to run for re-election , Scott was elected to the US Senate . He narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent , Governor George M . Leader , by a margin of 51 to 48 percent . Scott continued his progressive voting record in the Senate by opposing President Eisenhowers veto of a housing bill in 1959 and a redevelopment bill in 1960 . He voted to end segregationist Democratic senators filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 , and he later sponsored 12 bills to implement the recommendations of the Civil Rights Commission . A memorable quote from Scott came during the U-2 Incident in 1960 , when he said , We have violated the eleventh Commandment — Thou Shall Not Get Caught . In 1962 , Scott threatened to run for Governor of Pennsylvania if the Republican Party did not nominate the moderate Representative William W . Scranton over the more conservative Judge Robert E . Woodside , a former Pennsylvania Attorney General . He even supported Scranton as a more liberal alternative to conservative Senator Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination in the 1964 presidential election . Scott also faced re-election in 1964 and overcame the national landslide for Democratic President Lyndon Johnson to defeat the state Secretary of Internal Affairs , Democrat Genevieve Blatt , by approximately 70,000 votes . Scott voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 . In 1966 , along with two other Republican Senators and five Republican Representatives , Scott signed a telegram sent to Georgia Governor Carl Sanders on the Georgia legislatures refusal to seat the recently elected Julian Bond in its state House of Representatives . The refusal , said the telegram , was a dangerous attack on representative government . None of us agree with Mr . Bonds views on the Vietnam War ; in fact we strongly repudiate these views . But unless otherwise determined by a court of law , which the Georgia Legislature is not , he is entitled to express them . Scott supported New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller for the Republican nomination in the 1968 presidential election . Scott was reelected again in 1970 , defeating Democratic State Senator William Sesler by a margin of 51 to 45 percent . Scott served until January 3 , 1977 and was elected Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 . After the death of Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen in September 1969 , Scott was narrowly elected Senate Minority Leader over Tennessee Senator Howard Baker ( Dirksens son-in-law ) , serving until 1977 . In 1967 , Scott held a Fellowship at Balliol College , Oxford , where he contributed regularly to Alan Montefiores politics seminar for postgraduates . Once , when he and Montefiore started talking at the same time , Scott carried on speaking with the amiable excuse : You can remember what you want to say longer than I can . Scott was Chairman of the Select Committee on Secret and Confidential Documents ( 92nd Congress ) . He wielded tremendous influence . Scott was displeased with the Nixon administration and believed that it was aloof , unapproachable , and contemptuous of him . Scott believed that he would be given a major role in setting administration policy but was disappointed when that did not occur . Actively assisting in the behind-the-scenes transition from the Nixon administration to the Ford administration in the months leading up to the resignation of President Richard Nixon , Scott sought assurance from Gerald Ford that Scott would be able to address Ford as Jerry even after Ford became President . Scott was one of the three Republican leaders in Congress to meet Nixon in the Oval Office of the White House to tell Nixon that he had lost support of the party in Congress , on August 7 , 1974 . The meeting came the day before Nixon would announce his resignation from the presidency . The delegation was led by senior party leader and Arizona Senator Goldwater and also included House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes ( R-Arizona ) . The erosion of Nixons support had progressed after the June 1972 Watergate break-in . In 1976 , the Senate undertook an ethics inquiry into accusations that he had received payment from lobbyists for the Gulf Oil Corporation . Scott acknowledged having received $45,000 but claimed that they were legal campaign contributions . He did not run for re-election in 1976 and was succeeded by Republican John Heinz . The same year , he chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the Republican National Convention . Later life . Scott was a resident of Washington , DC and then Falls Church , Virginia , until his death there in 1994 . He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery . His papers are held at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia . References . - Kotlowski , Dean J . Unhappily Yoked ? Hugh Scott and Richard Nixon . Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 2001 125 ( 3 ) : 233-266 . ISSN 0031-4587 online - Abstract : While their different public personas , political interests , and institutional duties led to occasional disagreement , President Richard Nixon and Senate Minority Leader Scott were not always unhappily tethered as evidenced by their stances on domestic and foreign issues throughout Nixons presidency , during 1968–74 . While he jousted with Nixon over racial policies and his Supreme Court nominations , including his choice of Judge Clement F . Haynsworth , Jr. , of South Carolina , Scott supported much of Nixons domestic agenda , applauded the presidents conduct of foreign affairs , backed his Vietnam policy , praised his invasion of Cambodia , publicly proclaimed Nixons innocence during the Watergate scandal , and endorsed President Gerald Fords pardon of his predecessor . The Nixon-Scott relationship is notable because it confirms scholars assumptions about Nixons hot-and-cold association with Congress and indicates that sparring between moderate Republicans like Nixon and Scott was on its way out . External links . - The Political Graveyard |
[
"Crewe Alexandra"
] | easy | Which team did the player Peter Billing belong to from 1986 to 1989? | /wiki/Peter_Billing#P54#0 | Peter Billing Peter Graham Billing ( born 24 October 1964 ) is an English former footballer who played in central defence . He made 224 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League . A former South Liverpool player , he turned professional with Everton in January 1986 . He featured in the Super Cup final , but was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . He helped the Railwaymen to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1988–89 , before he was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . He made 58 top-flight appearances for the Sky Blues , before joining Port Vale for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 , following a successful three-month loan spell in which he featured in the clubs Football League Trophy success . He helped the Valiants to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94 , but was allowed to leave on a free transfer in May 1995 . He then spent a season each with Hartlepool United and former club Crewe Alexandra , before he went into non-league football with Northwich Victoria . Playing career . Born in Liverpool , Billing started his career with local non-league side South Liverpool , before being signed up by Howard Kendall at Everton in January 1986 . He only played one First Division game for the Toffees , and also featured in both legs of the 1986 Super Cup final defeat to rivals Liverpool . He left Goodison Park after being sold to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . The Railwaymen finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1986–87 and 1987–88 . Manager Dario Gradi took the Gresty Road club to promotion in 1988–89 with a third-place finish . Billing made a total of 88 league appearances for the club in his two-and-a-half seasons in Cheshire . He was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . The Sky Blues finished 12th in the top-flight in 1989–90 under John Silletts stewardship . They then dropped to 16th in 1990–91 under new boss Terry Butcher , before finishing 19th in 1991–92 , one place and two points above relegated Luton Town . Coventry played in the first ever season of Premier League football in 1992–93 under Bobby Gould , though Billing lost his first team place by 1993–94 , after new boss Phil Neal took over at Highfield Road . Billing made 58 league appearances for the Midlands side . He was loaned to Second Division club Port Vale in February 1993 . He impressed manager John Rudge and was signed permanently for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 . Two of his 17 appearances for the Valiants in 1992–93 were as a substitute for Robin van der Laan in the 1993 Football League Trophy final and the play-off final , both at Wembley . Vale won the cup game 2–1 over Stockport County , but were beaten 3–0 by West Bromwich Albion in the play-off final . He did though help the club to achieve promotion with a second-place finish in 1993–94 . His first team chances limited in 1994–95 , he was given a free transfer to Hartlepool United in May 1995 . He played 43 games at Victoria Park under Keith Houchen , helping Pools to a 20th-place finish in the Third Division in 1995–96 . He returned to Crewe in August 1996 , and made 15 league appearances , helping Alex to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1996–97 , though he did not feature in the play-off final itself . He then headed into the Conference with Northwich Victoria . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Everton - Super Cup runner-up : 1986 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion winner : 1988–89 - Port Vale - Football League Trophy winner : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 |
[
"Coventry City"
] | easy | Peter Billing played for which team from 1989 to 1993? | /wiki/Peter_Billing#P54#1 | Peter Billing Peter Graham Billing ( born 24 October 1964 ) is an English former footballer who played in central defence . He made 224 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League . A former South Liverpool player , he turned professional with Everton in January 1986 . He featured in the Super Cup final , but was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . He helped the Railwaymen to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1988–89 , before he was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . He made 58 top-flight appearances for the Sky Blues , before joining Port Vale for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 , following a successful three-month loan spell in which he featured in the clubs Football League Trophy success . He helped the Valiants to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94 , but was allowed to leave on a free transfer in May 1995 . He then spent a season each with Hartlepool United and former club Crewe Alexandra , before he went into non-league football with Northwich Victoria . Playing career . Born in Liverpool , Billing started his career with local non-league side South Liverpool , before being signed up by Howard Kendall at Everton in January 1986 . He only played one First Division game for the Toffees , and also featured in both legs of the 1986 Super Cup final defeat to rivals Liverpool . He left Goodison Park after being sold to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . The Railwaymen finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1986–87 and 1987–88 . Manager Dario Gradi took the Gresty Road club to promotion in 1988–89 with a third-place finish . Billing made a total of 88 league appearances for the club in his two-and-a-half seasons in Cheshire . He was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . The Sky Blues finished 12th in the top-flight in 1989–90 under John Silletts stewardship . They then dropped to 16th in 1990–91 under new boss Terry Butcher , before finishing 19th in 1991–92 , one place and two points above relegated Luton Town . Coventry played in the first ever season of Premier League football in 1992–93 under Bobby Gould , though Billing lost his first team place by 1993–94 , after new boss Phil Neal took over at Highfield Road . Billing made 58 league appearances for the Midlands side . He was loaned to Second Division club Port Vale in February 1993 . He impressed manager John Rudge and was signed permanently for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 . Two of his 17 appearances for the Valiants in 1992–93 were as a substitute for Robin van der Laan in the 1993 Football League Trophy final and the play-off final , both at Wembley . Vale won the cup game 2–1 over Stockport County , but were beaten 3–0 by West Bromwich Albion in the play-off final . He did though help the club to achieve promotion with a second-place finish in 1993–94 . His first team chances limited in 1994–95 , he was given a free transfer to Hartlepool United in May 1995 . He played 43 games at Victoria Park under Keith Houchen , helping Pools to a 20th-place finish in the Third Division in 1995–96 . He returned to Crewe in August 1996 , and made 15 league appearances , helping Alex to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1996–97 , though he did not feature in the play-off final itself . He then headed into the Conference with Northwich Victoria . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Everton - Super Cup runner-up : 1986 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion winner : 1988–89 - Port Vale - Football League Trophy winner : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 |
[
"Port Vale"
] | easy | Which team did Peter Billing play for from 1993 to 1995? | /wiki/Peter_Billing#P54#2 | Peter Billing Peter Graham Billing ( born 24 October 1964 ) is an English former footballer who played in central defence . He made 224 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League . A former South Liverpool player , he turned professional with Everton in January 1986 . He featured in the Super Cup final , but was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . He helped the Railwaymen to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1988–89 , before he was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . He made 58 top-flight appearances for the Sky Blues , before joining Port Vale for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 , following a successful three-month loan spell in which he featured in the clubs Football League Trophy success . He helped the Valiants to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94 , but was allowed to leave on a free transfer in May 1995 . He then spent a season each with Hartlepool United and former club Crewe Alexandra , before he went into non-league football with Northwich Victoria . Playing career . Born in Liverpool , Billing started his career with local non-league side South Liverpool , before being signed up by Howard Kendall at Everton in January 1986 . He only played one First Division game for the Toffees , and also featured in both legs of the 1986 Super Cup final defeat to rivals Liverpool . He left Goodison Park after being sold to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . The Railwaymen finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1986–87 and 1987–88 . Manager Dario Gradi took the Gresty Road club to promotion in 1988–89 with a third-place finish . Billing made a total of 88 league appearances for the club in his two-and-a-half seasons in Cheshire . He was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . The Sky Blues finished 12th in the top-flight in 1989–90 under John Silletts stewardship . They then dropped to 16th in 1990–91 under new boss Terry Butcher , before finishing 19th in 1991–92 , one place and two points above relegated Luton Town . Coventry played in the first ever season of Premier League football in 1992–93 under Bobby Gould , though Billing lost his first team place by 1993–94 , after new boss Phil Neal took over at Highfield Road . Billing made 58 league appearances for the Midlands side . He was loaned to Second Division club Port Vale in February 1993 . He impressed manager John Rudge and was signed permanently for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 . Two of his 17 appearances for the Valiants in 1992–93 were as a substitute for Robin van der Laan in the 1993 Football League Trophy final and the play-off final , both at Wembley . Vale won the cup game 2–1 over Stockport County , but were beaten 3–0 by West Bromwich Albion in the play-off final . He did though help the club to achieve promotion with a second-place finish in 1993–94 . His first team chances limited in 1994–95 , he was given a free transfer to Hartlepool United in May 1995 . He played 43 games at Victoria Park under Keith Houchen , helping Pools to a 20th-place finish in the Third Division in 1995–96 . He returned to Crewe in August 1996 , and made 15 league appearances , helping Alex to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1996–97 , though he did not feature in the play-off final itself . He then headed into the Conference with Northwich Victoria . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Everton - Super Cup runner-up : 1986 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion winner : 1988–89 - Port Vale - Football League Trophy winner : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 |
[
"Hartlepool United"
] | easy | Which team did Peter Billing play for from 1995 to 1996? | /wiki/Peter_Billing#P54#3 | Peter Billing Peter Graham Billing ( born 24 October 1964 ) is an English former footballer who played in central defence . He made 224 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League . A former South Liverpool player , he turned professional with Everton in January 1986 . He featured in the Super Cup final , but was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . He helped the Railwaymen to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1988–89 , before he was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . He made 58 top-flight appearances for the Sky Blues , before joining Port Vale for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 , following a successful three-month loan spell in which he featured in the clubs Football League Trophy success . He helped the Valiants to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94 , but was allowed to leave on a free transfer in May 1995 . He then spent a season each with Hartlepool United and former club Crewe Alexandra , before he went into non-league football with Northwich Victoria . Playing career . Born in Liverpool , Billing started his career with local non-league side South Liverpool , before being signed up by Howard Kendall at Everton in January 1986 . He only played one First Division game for the Toffees , and also featured in both legs of the 1986 Super Cup final defeat to rivals Liverpool . He left Goodison Park after being sold to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . The Railwaymen finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1986–87 and 1987–88 . Manager Dario Gradi took the Gresty Road club to promotion in 1988–89 with a third-place finish . Billing made a total of 88 league appearances for the club in his two-and-a-half seasons in Cheshire . He was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . The Sky Blues finished 12th in the top-flight in 1989–90 under John Silletts stewardship . They then dropped to 16th in 1990–91 under new boss Terry Butcher , before finishing 19th in 1991–92 , one place and two points above relegated Luton Town . Coventry played in the first ever season of Premier League football in 1992–93 under Bobby Gould , though Billing lost his first team place by 1993–94 , after new boss Phil Neal took over at Highfield Road . Billing made 58 league appearances for the Midlands side . He was loaned to Second Division club Port Vale in February 1993 . He impressed manager John Rudge and was signed permanently for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 . Two of his 17 appearances for the Valiants in 1992–93 were as a substitute for Robin van der Laan in the 1993 Football League Trophy final and the play-off final , both at Wembley . Vale won the cup game 2–1 over Stockport County , but were beaten 3–0 by West Bromwich Albion in the play-off final . He did though help the club to achieve promotion with a second-place finish in 1993–94 . His first team chances limited in 1994–95 , he was given a free transfer to Hartlepool United in May 1995 . He played 43 games at Victoria Park under Keith Houchen , helping Pools to a 20th-place finish in the Third Division in 1995–96 . He returned to Crewe in August 1996 , and made 15 league appearances , helping Alex to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1996–97 , though he did not feature in the play-off final itself . He then headed into the Conference with Northwich Victoria . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Everton - Super Cup runner-up : 1986 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion winner : 1988–89 - Port Vale - Football League Trophy winner : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 |
[
"Crewe Alexandra"
] | easy | Which team did Peter Billing play for from 1996 to 1997? | /wiki/Peter_Billing#P54#4 | Peter Billing Peter Graham Billing ( born 24 October 1964 ) is an English former footballer who played in central defence . He made 224 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League . A former South Liverpool player , he turned professional with Everton in January 1986 . He featured in the Super Cup final , but was sold on to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . He helped the Railwaymen to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1988–89 , before he was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . He made 58 top-flight appearances for the Sky Blues , before joining Port Vale for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 , following a successful three-month loan spell in which he featured in the clubs Football League Trophy success . He helped the Valiants to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1993–94 , but was allowed to leave on a free transfer in May 1995 . He then spent a season each with Hartlepool United and former club Crewe Alexandra , before he went into non-league football with Northwich Victoria . Playing career . Born in Liverpool , Billing started his career with local non-league side South Liverpool , before being signed up by Howard Kendall at Everton in January 1986 . He only played one First Division game for the Toffees , and also featured in both legs of the 1986 Super Cup final defeat to rivals Liverpool . He left Goodison Park after being sold to Crewe Alexandra for £12,000 in December 1986 . The Railwaymen finished 17th in the Fourth Division in 1986–87 and 1987–88 . Manager Dario Gradi took the Gresty Road club to promotion in 1988–89 with a third-place finish . Billing made a total of 88 league appearances for the club in his two-and-a-half seasons in Cheshire . He was sold on to Coventry City for £120,000 in June 1989 . The Sky Blues finished 12th in the top-flight in 1989–90 under John Silletts stewardship . They then dropped to 16th in 1990–91 under new boss Terry Butcher , before finishing 19th in 1991–92 , one place and two points above relegated Luton Town . Coventry played in the first ever season of Premier League football in 1992–93 under Bobby Gould , though Billing lost his first team place by 1993–94 , after new boss Phil Neal took over at Highfield Road . Billing made 58 league appearances for the Midlands side . He was loaned to Second Division club Port Vale in February 1993 . He impressed manager John Rudge and was signed permanently for a £35,000 fee in May 1993 . Two of his 17 appearances for the Valiants in 1992–93 were as a substitute for Robin van der Laan in the 1993 Football League Trophy final and the play-off final , both at Wembley . Vale won the cup game 2–1 over Stockport County , but were beaten 3–0 by West Bromwich Albion in the play-off final . He did though help the club to achieve promotion with a second-place finish in 1993–94 . His first team chances limited in 1994–95 , he was given a free transfer to Hartlepool United in May 1995 . He played 43 games at Victoria Park under Keith Houchen , helping Pools to a 20th-place finish in the Third Division in 1995–96 . He returned to Crewe in August 1996 , and made 15 league appearances , helping Alex to win promotion out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1996–97 , though he did not feature in the play-off final itself . He then headed into the Conference with Northwich Victoria . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Everton - Super Cup runner-up : 1986 - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion winner : 1988–89 - Port Vale - Football League Trophy winner : 1993 - Football League Second Division runner-up : 1993–94 |
[
""
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Maurice Jarre from 1946 to 1953? | /wiki/Maurice_Jarre#P26#0 | Maurice Jarre Maurice-Alexis Jarre ( ; 13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009 ) was a French composer and conductor . Although he composed several concert works , Jarre is best known for his film scores , particularly for his collaborations with film director David Lean . Jarre composed the scores to all of Leans films from Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) and Dr . Zhivago on . Notable scores for other directors include The Train ( 1964 ) , Mohammad , Messenger of God ( 1976 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Witness ( 1985 ) , Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and Ghost ( 1990 ) . Jarre was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Three of his compositions spent a total of 42 weeks on the UK singles chart ; the biggest hit was Somewhere My Love ( to his tune Laras Theme , with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster ) performed by the Mike Sammes Singers , which reached Number 14 in 1966 and spent 38 weeks on the chart . Jarre was nominated for nine Academy Awards , winning three in the Best Original Score category for Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) , and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) , all of which were directed by David Lean . He also won four Golden Globes , two BAFTA Awards , and a Grammy Award . Early life . Jarre was born in Lyon , France , in 1924 , the son of Gabrielle Renée ( née Boullu ) and André Jarre , a radio technical director . He first enrolled in the engineering school at the Sorbonne , but decided to pursue music courses instead . He left the Sorbonne against his fathers will and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris to study composition and harmony and chose percussion as his major instrument . He became director of the Théâtre National Populaire and recorded his first film score in France in 1951 . Film scoring . In 1961 , Jarres music career experienced a major change when British film producer Sam Spiegel asked him to write the score for the 1962 epic Lawrence of Arabia , directed by David Lean . The acclaimed score won Jarre his first Academy Award and he would go on to compose the scores to all of Leans subsequent films . He followed with The Train ( 1964 ) and Grand Prix ( 1966 ) , both for director John Frankenheimer , and in between had another great success in David Leans Doctor Zhivago , which included the lyricless tune Laras Theme ( later the tune for the song Somewhere My Love ) , and which earned him his second Oscar . He worked with Alfred Hitchcock on Topaz ( 1969 ) : although Hitchcocks experiences with the film were unhappy , he was satisfied with Jarres score , telling him , I have not given you a great film , but you have given me a great score . His score for David Leans Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) , set in Ireland , completely eschews traditional Irish music styles , according to Leans preferences . The song It Was a Good Time , from Ryans Daughter went on to be recorded by musical stars such as Liza Minnelli who used it in her critically acclaimed television special Liza with a Z as well as by others during the 1970s . He contributed the music for Luchino Viscontis The Damned ( 1969 ) , and John Hustons The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . He was again nominated for an Academy Award for scoring The Message in 1976 , for the director and producer Moustapha Akkad . He followed with Witness ( 1985 ) and Dead Poets Society ( 1989 ) , for which he won a British Academy Award . In the 1970s and 1980s , Jarre turned his hand to science fiction , with scores for The Island at the Top of the World ( 1974 ) , Dreamscape ( 1984 ) , Enemy Mine ( 1985 ) , and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) . The latter is written for full orchestra , augmented by a chorus , four grand pianos , a pipe organ , digeridoo , fujara , a battery of exotic percussion , and three ondes Martenot , which feature in several of Jarres other scores , including Lawrence of Arabia , Jesus of Nazareth , The Bride and Prancer . The balalaika features prominently in Jarres score for Doctor Zhivago . In 1990 , Jarre was again nominated for an Academy Award scoring the supernatural love story/thriller Ghost . His music for the final scene of the film is based on Unchained Melody composed by fellow film composer Alex North . Other films for which he provided the music include A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) , for which he wrote the score and all of the songs , including the romantic Mariachi Serenade . Also to his credit is the passionate love theme from Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and the moody electronic soundscapes of After Dark , My Sweet ( 1990 ) . He was well respected by other composers including John Williams , who stated , on Jarres death , ( He ) is to be well remembered for his lasting contribution to film music .. . we all have been enriched by his legacy . Jarres television work includes the theme for the short-lived 1967 Western series on CBS , Cimarron Strip , his score for the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth ( 1977 ) , directed by Franco Zeffirelli , Shōgun ( 1980 ) , and the theme for PBSs Great Performances . Jarre scored his last project in 2001 , a television mini-series about the Holocaust titled Uprising . He was one of the giants of 20th-century film music who was among the most sought-after composers in the movie industry and a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand , sweeping themes , not only writing for conventional orchestras .. . but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career . Music style . Jarre wrote mainly for orchestras , but began to favour synthesized music in the 1980s . Jarre pointed out that his electronic score for Witness was actually more laborious , time-consuming and expensive to produce than an orchestral score . Jarres electronic scores from the 1980s also include Fatal Attraction , The Year of Living Dangerously , Firefox and No Way Out . A number of his scores from that era also feature electronic / acoustic blends , such as Gorillas in the Mist , Dead Poets Society , The Mosquito Coast and Jacobs Ladder . Family . Jarre was married four times , the first three marriages ending in divorce . In the 1940s , his marriage to Francette Pejot , a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor , produced a son , Jean-Michel Jarre , a French composer , performer , and music producer who is one of the pioneers in electronic music . When Jean-Michel was five years old , Maurice split up with his wife and moved to the United States , leaving Jean-Michel with his mother in France . In 1965 , Jarre married French actress Dany Saval ; together they had a daughter , Stephanie Jarre . He next married American actress Laura Devon ( 1967–1984 ) , resulting in his adopting her son , Kevin Jarre , a screenwriter , with credits on such films as Tombstone and Glory ( 1989 ) . From 1984 to his death , he was married to Fong F . Khong . Death . Maurice Jarre died on 28 March 2009 in Los Angeles after a battle with cancer . Awards . Jarre received three Academy Awards and received a total of nine nominations , eight for Best Original Score and one for Best Original Song . He also won four Golden Globes and was nominated for ten . The American Film Institute ranked Jarres score for Lawrence of Arabia #3 on their list of the greatest film scores . His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list : - Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) - A Passage to India ( 1984 ) - Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) Numerous additional awards include ASCAPs Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993 . External links . - Filmography , soundtrack reviews , capsule biography - Obituary by the Associated Press on Legacy.com |
[
"Dany Saval"
] | easy | Who was Maurice Jarre 's spouse from 1965 to 1967? | /wiki/Maurice_Jarre#P26#1 | Maurice Jarre Maurice-Alexis Jarre ( ; 13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009 ) was a French composer and conductor . Although he composed several concert works , Jarre is best known for his film scores , particularly for his collaborations with film director David Lean . Jarre composed the scores to all of Leans films from Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) and Dr . Zhivago on . Notable scores for other directors include The Train ( 1964 ) , Mohammad , Messenger of God ( 1976 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Witness ( 1985 ) , Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and Ghost ( 1990 ) . Jarre was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Three of his compositions spent a total of 42 weeks on the UK singles chart ; the biggest hit was Somewhere My Love ( to his tune Laras Theme , with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster ) performed by the Mike Sammes Singers , which reached Number 14 in 1966 and spent 38 weeks on the chart . Jarre was nominated for nine Academy Awards , winning three in the Best Original Score category for Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) , and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) , all of which were directed by David Lean . He also won four Golden Globes , two BAFTA Awards , and a Grammy Award . Early life . Jarre was born in Lyon , France , in 1924 , the son of Gabrielle Renée ( née Boullu ) and André Jarre , a radio technical director . He first enrolled in the engineering school at the Sorbonne , but decided to pursue music courses instead . He left the Sorbonne against his fathers will and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris to study composition and harmony and chose percussion as his major instrument . He became director of the Théâtre National Populaire and recorded his first film score in France in 1951 . Film scoring . In 1961 , Jarres music career experienced a major change when British film producer Sam Spiegel asked him to write the score for the 1962 epic Lawrence of Arabia , directed by David Lean . The acclaimed score won Jarre his first Academy Award and he would go on to compose the scores to all of Leans subsequent films . He followed with The Train ( 1964 ) and Grand Prix ( 1966 ) , both for director John Frankenheimer , and in between had another great success in David Leans Doctor Zhivago , which included the lyricless tune Laras Theme ( later the tune for the song Somewhere My Love ) , and which earned him his second Oscar . He worked with Alfred Hitchcock on Topaz ( 1969 ) : although Hitchcocks experiences with the film were unhappy , he was satisfied with Jarres score , telling him , I have not given you a great film , but you have given me a great score . His score for David Leans Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) , set in Ireland , completely eschews traditional Irish music styles , according to Leans preferences . The song It Was a Good Time , from Ryans Daughter went on to be recorded by musical stars such as Liza Minnelli who used it in her critically acclaimed television special Liza with a Z as well as by others during the 1970s . He contributed the music for Luchino Viscontis The Damned ( 1969 ) , and John Hustons The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . He was again nominated for an Academy Award for scoring The Message in 1976 , for the director and producer Moustapha Akkad . He followed with Witness ( 1985 ) and Dead Poets Society ( 1989 ) , for which he won a British Academy Award . In the 1970s and 1980s , Jarre turned his hand to science fiction , with scores for The Island at the Top of the World ( 1974 ) , Dreamscape ( 1984 ) , Enemy Mine ( 1985 ) , and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) . The latter is written for full orchestra , augmented by a chorus , four grand pianos , a pipe organ , digeridoo , fujara , a battery of exotic percussion , and three ondes Martenot , which feature in several of Jarres other scores , including Lawrence of Arabia , Jesus of Nazareth , The Bride and Prancer . The balalaika features prominently in Jarres score for Doctor Zhivago . In 1990 , Jarre was again nominated for an Academy Award scoring the supernatural love story/thriller Ghost . His music for the final scene of the film is based on Unchained Melody composed by fellow film composer Alex North . Other films for which he provided the music include A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) , for which he wrote the score and all of the songs , including the romantic Mariachi Serenade . Also to his credit is the passionate love theme from Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and the moody electronic soundscapes of After Dark , My Sweet ( 1990 ) . He was well respected by other composers including John Williams , who stated , on Jarres death , ( He ) is to be well remembered for his lasting contribution to film music .. . we all have been enriched by his legacy . Jarres television work includes the theme for the short-lived 1967 Western series on CBS , Cimarron Strip , his score for the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth ( 1977 ) , directed by Franco Zeffirelli , Shōgun ( 1980 ) , and the theme for PBSs Great Performances . Jarre scored his last project in 2001 , a television mini-series about the Holocaust titled Uprising . He was one of the giants of 20th-century film music who was among the most sought-after composers in the movie industry and a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand , sweeping themes , not only writing for conventional orchestras .. . but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career . Music style . Jarre wrote mainly for orchestras , but began to favour synthesized music in the 1980s . Jarre pointed out that his electronic score for Witness was actually more laborious , time-consuming and expensive to produce than an orchestral score . Jarres electronic scores from the 1980s also include Fatal Attraction , The Year of Living Dangerously , Firefox and No Way Out . A number of his scores from that era also feature electronic / acoustic blends , such as Gorillas in the Mist , Dead Poets Society , The Mosquito Coast and Jacobs Ladder . Family . Jarre was married four times , the first three marriages ending in divorce . In the 1940s , his marriage to Francette Pejot , a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor , produced a son , Jean-Michel Jarre , a French composer , performer , and music producer who is one of the pioneers in electronic music . When Jean-Michel was five years old , Maurice split up with his wife and moved to the United States , leaving Jean-Michel with his mother in France . In 1965 , Jarre married French actress Dany Saval ; together they had a daughter , Stephanie Jarre . He next married American actress Laura Devon ( 1967–1984 ) , resulting in his adopting her son , Kevin Jarre , a screenwriter , with credits on such films as Tombstone and Glory ( 1989 ) . From 1984 to his death , he was married to Fong F . Khong . Death . Maurice Jarre died on 28 March 2009 in Los Angeles after a battle with cancer . Awards . Jarre received three Academy Awards and received a total of nine nominations , eight for Best Original Score and one for Best Original Song . He also won four Golden Globes and was nominated for ten . The American Film Institute ranked Jarres score for Lawrence of Arabia #3 on their list of the greatest film scores . His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list : - Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) - A Passage to India ( 1984 ) - Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) Numerous additional awards include ASCAPs Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993 . External links . - Filmography , soundtrack reviews , capsule biography - Obituary by the Associated Press on Legacy.com |
[
"Laura Devon"
] | easy | Who was Maurice Jarre 's spouse from Dec 1967 to Mar 1984? | /wiki/Maurice_Jarre#P26#2 | Maurice Jarre Maurice-Alexis Jarre ( ; 13 September 1924 – 28 March 2009 ) was a French composer and conductor . Although he composed several concert works , Jarre is best known for his film scores , particularly for his collaborations with film director David Lean . Jarre composed the scores to all of Leans films from Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) and Dr . Zhivago on . Notable scores for other directors include The Train ( 1964 ) , Mohammad , Messenger of God ( 1976 ) , Lion of the Desert ( 1981 ) , Witness ( 1985 ) , Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and Ghost ( 1990 ) . Jarre was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Three of his compositions spent a total of 42 weeks on the UK singles chart ; the biggest hit was Somewhere My Love ( to his tune Laras Theme , with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster ) performed by the Mike Sammes Singers , which reached Number 14 in 1966 and spent 38 weeks on the chart . Jarre was nominated for nine Academy Awards , winning three in the Best Original Score category for Lawrence of Arabia ( 1962 ) , Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) , and A Passage to India ( 1984 ) , all of which were directed by David Lean . He also won four Golden Globes , two BAFTA Awards , and a Grammy Award . Early life . Jarre was born in Lyon , France , in 1924 , the son of Gabrielle Renée ( née Boullu ) and André Jarre , a radio technical director . He first enrolled in the engineering school at the Sorbonne , but decided to pursue music courses instead . He left the Sorbonne against his fathers will and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris to study composition and harmony and chose percussion as his major instrument . He became director of the Théâtre National Populaire and recorded his first film score in France in 1951 . Film scoring . In 1961 , Jarres music career experienced a major change when British film producer Sam Spiegel asked him to write the score for the 1962 epic Lawrence of Arabia , directed by David Lean . The acclaimed score won Jarre his first Academy Award and he would go on to compose the scores to all of Leans subsequent films . He followed with The Train ( 1964 ) and Grand Prix ( 1966 ) , both for director John Frankenheimer , and in between had another great success in David Leans Doctor Zhivago , which included the lyricless tune Laras Theme ( later the tune for the song Somewhere My Love ) , and which earned him his second Oscar . He worked with Alfred Hitchcock on Topaz ( 1969 ) : although Hitchcocks experiences with the film were unhappy , he was satisfied with Jarres score , telling him , I have not given you a great film , but you have given me a great score . His score for David Leans Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) , set in Ireland , completely eschews traditional Irish music styles , according to Leans preferences . The song It Was a Good Time , from Ryans Daughter went on to be recorded by musical stars such as Liza Minnelli who used it in her critically acclaimed television special Liza with a Z as well as by others during the 1970s . He contributed the music for Luchino Viscontis The Damned ( 1969 ) , and John Hustons The Man Who Would Be King ( 1975 ) . He was again nominated for an Academy Award for scoring The Message in 1976 , for the director and producer Moustapha Akkad . He followed with Witness ( 1985 ) and Dead Poets Society ( 1989 ) , for which he won a British Academy Award . In the 1970s and 1980s , Jarre turned his hand to science fiction , with scores for The Island at the Top of the World ( 1974 ) , Dreamscape ( 1984 ) , Enemy Mine ( 1985 ) , and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome ( 1985 ) . The latter is written for full orchestra , augmented by a chorus , four grand pianos , a pipe organ , digeridoo , fujara , a battery of exotic percussion , and three ondes Martenot , which feature in several of Jarres other scores , including Lawrence of Arabia , Jesus of Nazareth , The Bride and Prancer . The balalaika features prominently in Jarres score for Doctor Zhivago . In 1990 , Jarre was again nominated for an Academy Award scoring the supernatural love story/thriller Ghost . His music for the final scene of the film is based on Unchained Melody composed by fellow film composer Alex North . Other films for which he provided the music include A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) , for which he wrote the score and all of the songs , including the romantic Mariachi Serenade . Also to his credit is the passionate love theme from Fatal Attraction ( 1987 ) , and the moody electronic soundscapes of After Dark , My Sweet ( 1990 ) . He was well respected by other composers including John Williams , who stated , on Jarres death , ( He ) is to be well remembered for his lasting contribution to film music .. . we all have been enriched by his legacy . Jarres television work includes the theme for the short-lived 1967 Western series on CBS , Cimarron Strip , his score for the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth ( 1977 ) , directed by Franco Zeffirelli , Shōgun ( 1980 ) , and the theme for PBSs Great Performances . Jarre scored his last project in 2001 , a television mini-series about the Holocaust titled Uprising . He was one of the giants of 20th-century film music who was among the most sought-after composers in the movie industry and a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand , sweeping themes , not only writing for conventional orchestras .. . but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career . Music style . Jarre wrote mainly for orchestras , but began to favour synthesized music in the 1980s . Jarre pointed out that his electronic score for Witness was actually more laborious , time-consuming and expensive to produce than an orchestral score . Jarres electronic scores from the 1980s also include Fatal Attraction , The Year of Living Dangerously , Firefox and No Way Out . A number of his scores from that era also feature electronic / acoustic blends , such as Gorillas in the Mist , Dead Poets Society , The Mosquito Coast and Jacobs Ladder . Family . Jarre was married four times , the first three marriages ending in divorce . In the 1940s , his marriage to Francette Pejot , a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor , produced a son , Jean-Michel Jarre , a French composer , performer , and music producer who is one of the pioneers in electronic music . When Jean-Michel was five years old , Maurice split up with his wife and moved to the United States , leaving Jean-Michel with his mother in France . In 1965 , Jarre married French actress Dany Saval ; together they had a daughter , Stephanie Jarre . He next married American actress Laura Devon ( 1967–1984 ) , resulting in his adopting her son , Kevin Jarre , a screenwriter , with credits on such films as Tombstone and Glory ( 1989 ) . From 1984 to his death , he was married to Fong F . Khong . Death . Maurice Jarre died on 28 March 2009 in Los Angeles after a battle with cancer . Awards . Jarre received three Academy Awards and received a total of nine nominations , eight for Best Original Score and one for Best Original Song . He also won four Golden Globes and was nominated for ten . The American Film Institute ranked Jarres score for Lawrence of Arabia #3 on their list of the greatest film scores . His scores for the following films were also nominated for the list : - Doctor Zhivago ( 1965 ) - A Passage to India ( 1984 ) - Ryans Daughter ( 1970 ) Numerous additional awards include ASCAPs Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993 . External links . - Filmography , soundtrack reviews , capsule biography - Obituary by the Associated Press on Legacy.com |
[
"Stoke City"
] | easy | Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) played for which team from 1984 to 1985? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#0 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
"Crewe Alexandra"
] | easy | Which team did the player Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) belong to from 1985 to 1986? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#1 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
"Stoke"
] | easy | Which team did the player Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) belong to from 1986 to 1987? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#2 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) play for from 1987 to 1988? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#3 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
"Preston North End"
] | easy | Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) played for which team from 1992 to 1994? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#4 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
""
] | easy | Aaron Callaghan (footballer, born 1966) played for which team from 1994 to 2000? | /wiki/Aaron_Callaghan_(footballer,_born_1966)#P54#5 | Aaron Callaghan ( footballer , born 1966 ) Aaron Joseph Callaghan ( born 8 October 1966 ) is a football manager and retired player . He played in the Football League for Stoke City , Crewe Alexandra , Oldham Athletic and Preston North End . Playing career . Callaghan was born in Dublin and began his career with English club Stoke City progressing through the youth ranks at the Victoria Ground and signed a professional contract in 1984 . Stoke were having a woeful 1984–85 season and with the team already relegated Callaghan was given the chance to play First Division football playing in five matches towards the end of the season . He began the 1985–86 season on loan at Crewe Alexandra where he made 10 appearances . On his return to Stoke he played in eight matches under the management of Mick Mills . He made just three appearances for Stoke in 1986–87 and was sold to Oldham Athletic in October 1986 . Callaghan remained at Boundary Park for two seasons making 21 appearances before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 1988 . He spent four seasons at Crewe helping the side gain promotion in 1988–89 which was followed by relegation in 1990–91 . In total he played in 197 games for Crewe scoring ten goals before leaving for Preston North End . He spent two seasons at Deepdale making 44 appearances scoring three goals before returning to Ireland to play for Shelbourne . He then went on to play for Crusaders , St Patricks Athletic , Dundalk and ended his playing career with Longford Town . International career . Callaghan scored in Irelands U-17 win over Northern Ireland in November 1983 . He was in the panel for the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship as Liam Tuohys side made it to the semi-finals in the USSR . On 26 February 1985 , he produced a great performance as Ireland beat England 1–0 in the opening qualifying match of the 1986 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship . He was selected for the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship finals in the Soviet Union but on 19 August , five days before it was scheduled to start , he was recalled by Stoke City as he was needed for first team duty by manager Mick Mills the following Saturday . However , Callaghan did not play and would not make a senior appearance for the club until six months later . The defender made two Republic of Ireland national under-21 football team appearances , playing alongside Denis Irwin and Pat Dolan in a 0–0 draw in Belgium in September 1986 and in the 2–1 defeat to Scotland at Oriel Park in October 1987 . Managerial career . He was also player-manager of Crusaders for one year and in 2000 the club qualified for Europe after he had made three European appearances as a player . Apart from a brief spell as Athlone Town manager in 2004 , Aaron had been a coach at Longford Town from July 2002 until the end of the 2006 season . Following a year out from the game , Aaron was appointed Longford Town FC manager in December 2007 . Due to financial constraints at the club Aaron resigned as manager on 30 August 2008 . Aaron was one of the first coaches in Ireland to obtain the UEFA Pro Licence in 2007 . He is currently a coach education tutor for the Football Association of Ireland and sports development officer for Dublin City Council . Aaron has played for the Republic of Ireland U21s and was appointed Rep of Ireland U.14 International Coach for 2 years in 1997 . He was the 1st team coach at UCD and St.Patricks Athletic before taking over as manager of Bohemians in time for the 2012 season . Callaghan was appointed as Bohemians manager on 31 December 2011 . Despite financial constraints at the club , he led his team to a comfortable midtable finish in a season that included a 4–0 victory over Shamrock Rovers and Bohs first league win in Tallaght Stadium . He was rewarded for this good season by being offered a two-year contract extension by the Bohs board of directors , which he signed in November 2012 . On 15 July 2013 Callaghan was relieved of his duties by the clubs board of directors . On 13 October 2016 , Callaghan returned to management in Northern Ireland , taking over at Carrick Rangers . Within a few months at the club , Callaghan saw his side through to their first ever League Cup Final . Media work . In 2015 Aaron Callaghan joined the LeagueofIreland.ie team as a journalist giving the views on a number of topics in the League of Ireland from a manager points of view . Currently still involved in the site . Career statistics . Source : Honours . - Crewe Alexandra - Football League Fourth Division third-place promotion : 1990–91 - Crusaders - Irish League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 - Irish League Cup : 1996–97 - Gold Cup : 1995–96 - Shelbourne - League of Ireland Cup : 1995–96 - Dundalk - FAI Cup : 2002 |
[
"Manchester United"
] | easy | Gordon Hill (footballer) played for which team from 1975 to 1978? | /wiki/Gordon_Hill_(footballer)#P54#0 | Gordon Hill ( footballer ) Gordon Alec Hill ( born 1 April 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall , Manchester United , Derby County and Queens Park Rangers , and was capped six times for the England national team . Player . In 1971 after leaving Longford School Hill began his club career with Staines Town of the Athenian League as a 17-year-old . In 1972 , he moved to Southall F.C. , playing a few youth games there while his brother was on trial at the club . He drew the attention of Millwall F.C . and signed with them in 1973 . Known to The Lions fans as Merlin , Hill had outstanding skill that earned him wide recognition . The Millwall youngster entertained the fans with high-class shooting and dribbling and it was not long before scouts from big clubs noticed him . He played 91 league games for Millwall , scoring 22 goals . After spending the summer of 1975 on loan with the North American Soccer Leagues Chicago Sting , and being named All League , Hill subsequently signed for Manchester United in November 1975 for £70,000 , a bargain for manager Tommy Docherty , forming a wing partnership with Steve Coppell . Hill helped United reach the 1976 FA Cup Final , scoring both goals with typical long-range efforts in the semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium against Derby County . Unfortunately for Hill , United lost in the Final against Southampton . He was also part of the 1977 FA Cup-winning side . Hill left United for Derby County for £250,000 in 1978 , with his sale by Dave Sexton deeply unpopular with supporters . At the time of his sale , Hill was Uniteds top scorer and a favourite among fans . He spent two seasons with Derby County , most of it sidelined with a knee injury suffered in one of his first games , before moving to Queens Park Rangers in 1980 . He left England for the Montreal Manic of the NASL in 1981 . After a successful first season with the Manic , he began the 1982 season in Montreal , but after five games the Manic sent him to the Chicago Sting . In the fall of 1982 , the Sting entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the winter indoor season . Hill began the season with the Sting , and moved to the San Jose Earthquakes after eleven games . In January 1983 , the Earthquakes turned around and traded Hill and Gary Etherington to the New York Arrows in exchange for Steve Zungul . In the summer of 1983 , Hill played for Inter-Montreal of the Canadian Professional Soccer League . In the autumn of 1983 , Hill signed with the Kansas City Comets of MISL . He played one season with the Comets , then began the 1984–85 season before being released . In December 1984 , he signed with the Tacoma Stars . He joined FC Twente in the Dutch Premier Division for the 1985–86 season , playing 19 times and scoring four goals . He spent the summer of 1986 in Finland with HJK Helsinki , scoring two goals in as many appearances before returning to England where he played under his former teammate Stuart Pearson at Northwich Victoria , before retiring from the game . Manager . In the summer of 1991 , Hill was managing director , Head Coach and Player of the Nova Scotia Clippers in the teams only year in the Canadian Soccer League , where he took the club to the playoffs . In 2001 , he briefly managed Chester City during their spell in the Football Conference , and had a short spell managing Hyde United . He was the Director of coaching ( Boys ) for Cleveland United SC 2012–13 . Hill admits that any promising players would be steered towards his former team . He returns to the UK several times a year with groups of players to play games in the Manchester area . Currently , Gordon is owner of United Sports based in the United States , having a partnership with Chesterfield FC , sending young players to work with them in their development squad . Gordon is still interested in continuing his management career . International career . During his career , Hill played at every level for England : as an amateur , youth , under 23 , England B and full International , at which level he won six full caps between 1976 and 1977 . Honours . Club . - Manchester United - FA Cup : 1976-77 - FA Charity Shield : 1977 |
[
"Derby County"
] | easy | Which team did Gordon Hill (footballer) play for from 1978 to 1979? | /wiki/Gordon_Hill_(footballer)#P54#1 | Gordon Hill ( footballer ) Gordon Alec Hill ( born 1 April 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall , Manchester United , Derby County and Queens Park Rangers , and was capped six times for the England national team . Player . In 1971 after leaving Longford School Hill began his club career with Staines Town of the Athenian League as a 17-year-old . In 1972 , he moved to Southall F.C. , playing a few youth games there while his brother was on trial at the club . He drew the attention of Millwall F.C . and signed with them in 1973 . Known to The Lions fans as Merlin , Hill had outstanding skill that earned him wide recognition . The Millwall youngster entertained the fans with high-class shooting and dribbling and it was not long before scouts from big clubs noticed him . He played 91 league games for Millwall , scoring 22 goals . After spending the summer of 1975 on loan with the North American Soccer Leagues Chicago Sting , and being named All League , Hill subsequently signed for Manchester United in November 1975 for £70,000 , a bargain for manager Tommy Docherty , forming a wing partnership with Steve Coppell . Hill helped United reach the 1976 FA Cup Final , scoring both goals with typical long-range efforts in the semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium against Derby County . Unfortunately for Hill , United lost in the Final against Southampton . He was also part of the 1977 FA Cup-winning side . Hill left United for Derby County for £250,000 in 1978 , with his sale by Dave Sexton deeply unpopular with supporters . At the time of his sale , Hill was Uniteds top scorer and a favourite among fans . He spent two seasons with Derby County , most of it sidelined with a knee injury suffered in one of his first games , before moving to Queens Park Rangers in 1980 . He left England for the Montreal Manic of the NASL in 1981 . After a successful first season with the Manic , he began the 1982 season in Montreal , but after five games the Manic sent him to the Chicago Sting . In the fall of 1982 , the Sting entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the winter indoor season . Hill began the season with the Sting , and moved to the San Jose Earthquakes after eleven games . In January 1983 , the Earthquakes turned around and traded Hill and Gary Etherington to the New York Arrows in exchange for Steve Zungul . In the summer of 1983 , Hill played for Inter-Montreal of the Canadian Professional Soccer League . In the autumn of 1983 , Hill signed with the Kansas City Comets of MISL . He played one season with the Comets , then began the 1984–85 season before being released . In December 1984 , he signed with the Tacoma Stars . He joined FC Twente in the Dutch Premier Division for the 1985–86 season , playing 19 times and scoring four goals . He spent the summer of 1986 in Finland with HJK Helsinki , scoring two goals in as many appearances before returning to England where he played under his former teammate Stuart Pearson at Northwich Victoria , before retiring from the game . Manager . In the summer of 1991 , Hill was managing director , Head Coach and Player of the Nova Scotia Clippers in the teams only year in the Canadian Soccer League , where he took the club to the playoffs . In 2001 , he briefly managed Chester City during their spell in the Football Conference , and had a short spell managing Hyde United . He was the Director of coaching ( Boys ) for Cleveland United SC 2012–13 . Hill admits that any promising players would be steered towards his former team . He returns to the UK several times a year with groups of players to play games in the Manchester area . Currently , Gordon is owner of United Sports based in the United States , having a partnership with Chesterfield FC , sending young players to work with them in their development squad . Gordon is still interested in continuing his management career . International career . During his career , Hill played at every level for England : as an amateur , youth , under 23 , England B and full International , at which level he won six full caps between 1976 and 1977 . Honours . Club . - Manchester United - FA Cup : 1976-77 - FA Charity Shield : 1977 |
[
"Queens Park Rangers"
] | easy | Which team did Gordon Hill (footballer) play for from 1979 to 1981? | /wiki/Gordon_Hill_(footballer)#P54#2 | Gordon Hill ( footballer ) Gordon Alec Hill ( born 1 April 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall , Manchester United , Derby County and Queens Park Rangers , and was capped six times for the England national team . Player . In 1971 after leaving Longford School Hill began his club career with Staines Town of the Athenian League as a 17-year-old . In 1972 , he moved to Southall F.C. , playing a few youth games there while his brother was on trial at the club . He drew the attention of Millwall F.C . and signed with them in 1973 . Known to The Lions fans as Merlin , Hill had outstanding skill that earned him wide recognition . The Millwall youngster entertained the fans with high-class shooting and dribbling and it was not long before scouts from big clubs noticed him . He played 91 league games for Millwall , scoring 22 goals . After spending the summer of 1975 on loan with the North American Soccer Leagues Chicago Sting , and being named All League , Hill subsequently signed for Manchester United in November 1975 for £70,000 , a bargain for manager Tommy Docherty , forming a wing partnership with Steve Coppell . Hill helped United reach the 1976 FA Cup Final , scoring both goals with typical long-range efforts in the semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium against Derby County . Unfortunately for Hill , United lost in the Final against Southampton . He was also part of the 1977 FA Cup-winning side . Hill left United for Derby County for £250,000 in 1978 , with his sale by Dave Sexton deeply unpopular with supporters . At the time of his sale , Hill was Uniteds top scorer and a favourite among fans . He spent two seasons with Derby County , most of it sidelined with a knee injury suffered in one of his first games , before moving to Queens Park Rangers in 1980 . He left England for the Montreal Manic of the NASL in 1981 . After a successful first season with the Manic , he began the 1982 season in Montreal , but after five games the Manic sent him to the Chicago Sting . In the fall of 1982 , the Sting entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the winter indoor season . Hill began the season with the Sting , and moved to the San Jose Earthquakes after eleven games . In January 1983 , the Earthquakes turned around and traded Hill and Gary Etherington to the New York Arrows in exchange for Steve Zungul . In the summer of 1983 , Hill played for Inter-Montreal of the Canadian Professional Soccer League . In the autumn of 1983 , Hill signed with the Kansas City Comets of MISL . He played one season with the Comets , then began the 1984–85 season before being released . In December 1984 , he signed with the Tacoma Stars . He joined FC Twente in the Dutch Premier Division for the 1985–86 season , playing 19 times and scoring four goals . He spent the summer of 1986 in Finland with HJK Helsinki , scoring two goals in as many appearances before returning to England where he played under his former teammate Stuart Pearson at Northwich Victoria , before retiring from the game . Manager . In the summer of 1991 , Hill was managing director , Head Coach and Player of the Nova Scotia Clippers in the teams only year in the Canadian Soccer League , where he took the club to the playoffs . In 2001 , he briefly managed Chester City during their spell in the Football Conference , and had a short spell managing Hyde United . He was the Director of coaching ( Boys ) for Cleveland United SC 2012–13 . Hill admits that any promising players would be steered towards his former team . He returns to the UK several times a year with groups of players to play games in the Manchester area . Currently , Gordon is owner of United Sports based in the United States , having a partnership with Chesterfield FC , sending young players to work with them in their development squad . Gordon is still interested in continuing his management career . International career . During his career , Hill played at every level for England : as an amateur , youth , under 23 , England B and full International , at which level he won six full caps between 1976 and 1977 . Honours . Club . - Manchester United - FA Cup : 1976-77 - FA Charity Shield : 1977 |
[
"Kansas City Comets"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gordon Hill (footballer) belong to from 1983 to 1984? | /wiki/Gordon_Hill_(footballer)#P54#3 | Gordon Hill ( footballer ) Gordon Alec Hill ( born 1 April 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall , Manchester United , Derby County and Queens Park Rangers , and was capped six times for the England national team . Player . In 1971 after leaving Longford School Hill began his club career with Staines Town of the Athenian League as a 17-year-old . In 1972 , he moved to Southall F.C. , playing a few youth games there while his brother was on trial at the club . He drew the attention of Millwall F.C . and signed with them in 1973 . Known to The Lions fans as Merlin , Hill had outstanding skill that earned him wide recognition . The Millwall youngster entertained the fans with high-class shooting and dribbling and it was not long before scouts from big clubs noticed him . He played 91 league games for Millwall , scoring 22 goals . After spending the summer of 1975 on loan with the North American Soccer Leagues Chicago Sting , and being named All League , Hill subsequently signed for Manchester United in November 1975 for £70,000 , a bargain for manager Tommy Docherty , forming a wing partnership with Steve Coppell . Hill helped United reach the 1976 FA Cup Final , scoring both goals with typical long-range efforts in the semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium against Derby County . Unfortunately for Hill , United lost in the Final against Southampton . He was also part of the 1977 FA Cup-winning side . Hill left United for Derby County for £250,000 in 1978 , with his sale by Dave Sexton deeply unpopular with supporters . At the time of his sale , Hill was Uniteds top scorer and a favourite among fans . He spent two seasons with Derby County , most of it sidelined with a knee injury suffered in one of his first games , before moving to Queens Park Rangers in 1980 . He left England for the Montreal Manic of the NASL in 1981 . After a successful first season with the Manic , he began the 1982 season in Montreal , but after five games the Manic sent him to the Chicago Sting . In the fall of 1982 , the Sting entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the winter indoor season . Hill began the season with the Sting , and moved to the San Jose Earthquakes after eleven games . In January 1983 , the Earthquakes turned around and traded Hill and Gary Etherington to the New York Arrows in exchange for Steve Zungul . In the summer of 1983 , Hill played for Inter-Montreal of the Canadian Professional Soccer League . In the autumn of 1983 , Hill signed with the Kansas City Comets of MISL . He played one season with the Comets , then began the 1984–85 season before being released . In December 1984 , he signed with the Tacoma Stars . He joined FC Twente in the Dutch Premier Division for the 1985–86 season , playing 19 times and scoring four goals . He spent the summer of 1986 in Finland with HJK Helsinki , scoring two goals in as many appearances before returning to England where he played under his former teammate Stuart Pearson at Northwich Victoria , before retiring from the game . Manager . In the summer of 1991 , Hill was managing director , Head Coach and Player of the Nova Scotia Clippers in the teams only year in the Canadian Soccer League , where he took the club to the playoffs . In 2001 , he briefly managed Chester City during their spell in the Football Conference , and had a short spell managing Hyde United . He was the Director of coaching ( Boys ) for Cleveland United SC 2012–13 . Hill admits that any promising players would be steered towards his former team . He returns to the UK several times a year with groups of players to play games in the Manchester area . Currently , Gordon is owner of United Sports based in the United States , having a partnership with Chesterfield FC , sending young players to work with them in their development squad . Gordon is still interested in continuing his management career . International career . During his career , Hill played at every level for England : as an amateur , youth , under 23 , England B and full International , at which level he won six full caps between 1976 and 1977 . Honours . Club . - Manchester United - FA Cup : 1976-77 - FA Charity Shield : 1977 |
[
"Tacoma Stars"
] | easy | Which team did the player Gordon Hill (footballer) belong to from 1984 to 1985? | /wiki/Gordon_Hill_(footballer)#P54#4 | Gordon Hill ( footballer ) Gordon Alec Hill ( born 1 April 1954 ) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Millwall , Manchester United , Derby County and Queens Park Rangers , and was capped six times for the England national team . Player . In 1971 after leaving Longford School Hill began his club career with Staines Town of the Athenian League as a 17-year-old . In 1972 , he moved to Southall F.C. , playing a few youth games there while his brother was on trial at the club . He drew the attention of Millwall F.C . and signed with them in 1973 . Known to The Lions fans as Merlin , Hill had outstanding skill that earned him wide recognition . The Millwall youngster entertained the fans with high-class shooting and dribbling and it was not long before scouts from big clubs noticed him . He played 91 league games for Millwall , scoring 22 goals . After spending the summer of 1975 on loan with the North American Soccer Leagues Chicago Sting , and being named All League , Hill subsequently signed for Manchester United in November 1975 for £70,000 , a bargain for manager Tommy Docherty , forming a wing partnership with Steve Coppell . Hill helped United reach the 1976 FA Cup Final , scoring both goals with typical long-range efforts in the semi-final at Hillsborough Stadium against Derby County . Unfortunately for Hill , United lost in the Final against Southampton . He was also part of the 1977 FA Cup-winning side . Hill left United for Derby County for £250,000 in 1978 , with his sale by Dave Sexton deeply unpopular with supporters . At the time of his sale , Hill was Uniteds top scorer and a favourite among fans . He spent two seasons with Derby County , most of it sidelined with a knee injury suffered in one of his first games , before moving to Queens Park Rangers in 1980 . He left England for the Montreal Manic of the NASL in 1981 . After a successful first season with the Manic , he began the 1982 season in Montreal , but after five games the Manic sent him to the Chicago Sting . In the fall of 1982 , the Sting entered the Major Indoor Soccer League for the winter indoor season . Hill began the season with the Sting , and moved to the San Jose Earthquakes after eleven games . In January 1983 , the Earthquakes turned around and traded Hill and Gary Etherington to the New York Arrows in exchange for Steve Zungul . In the summer of 1983 , Hill played for Inter-Montreal of the Canadian Professional Soccer League . In the autumn of 1983 , Hill signed with the Kansas City Comets of MISL . He played one season with the Comets , then began the 1984–85 season before being released . In December 1984 , he signed with the Tacoma Stars . He joined FC Twente in the Dutch Premier Division for the 1985–86 season , playing 19 times and scoring four goals . He spent the summer of 1986 in Finland with HJK Helsinki , scoring two goals in as many appearances before returning to England where he played under his former teammate Stuart Pearson at Northwich Victoria , before retiring from the game . Manager . In the summer of 1991 , Hill was managing director , Head Coach and Player of the Nova Scotia Clippers in the teams only year in the Canadian Soccer League , where he took the club to the playoffs . In 2001 , he briefly managed Chester City during their spell in the Football Conference , and had a short spell managing Hyde United . He was the Director of coaching ( Boys ) for Cleveland United SC 2012–13 . Hill admits that any promising players would be steered towards his former team . He returns to the UK several times a year with groups of players to play games in the Manchester area . Currently , Gordon is owner of United Sports based in the United States , having a partnership with Chesterfield FC , sending young players to work with them in their development squad . Gordon is still interested in continuing his management career . International career . During his career , Hill played at every level for England : as an amateur , youth , under 23 , England B and full International , at which level he won six full caps between 1976 and 1977 . Honours . Club . - Manchester United - FA Cup : 1976-77 - FA Charity Shield : 1977 |
[
"club B.93"
] | easy | Mathias Jørgensen played for which team from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#0 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"FC Copenhagen"
] | easy | Which team did the player Mathias Jørgensen belong to from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#1 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"Danish national football team",
"The Lions"
] | easy | Mathias Jørgensen played for which team from 2008 to 2012? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#2 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"Dutch club PSV Eindhoven"
] | easy | Which team did Mathias Jørgensen play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#3 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"PSV"
] | easy | Which team did the player Mathias Jørgensen belong to from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#4 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"FC Copenhagen"
] | easy | Which team did the player Mathias Jørgensen belong to from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Mathias_Jørgensen#P54#5 | Mathias Jørgensen Mathias Jattah-Njie Jørgensen ( ; born 23 April 1990 ) , commonly known as Zanka , is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Copenhagen on loan from Fenerbahçe , and the Denmark national team . He began his career at boyhood club FC Copenhagen , playing regularly in five Superliga seasons , before a move to PSV Eindhoven in 2012 , where he spent two seasons in the Eredivisie before returning to Denmark after finding his chances limited . He joined Huddersfield Town in July 2017 for a fee of £3.5 million . Formerly an international at under-16 , under-17 , under-18 and under-21 level , Jørgensen made his senior international debut for Denmark aged 18 in November 2008 . Club career . FC Copenhagen . Born to a Danish mother and a Gambian father , Jørgensen moved to FC Copenhagen from neighbouring club B.93 , where he had played in first-team matches even at the young age of 16 . He signed a three-year contract with FCK on 26 June 2007 . Before signing with the Danish champions , he had visited Arsenal for a one-week trial . On 21 July 2007 , Jørgensen strained the inner ligament in the left knee in a reserve team match – less than a month after he moved to the club . On 9 September , he played again for the reserve team . His first team debut came on 26 September 2007 in a cup match against FC Fredericia . He substituted Oscar Wendt five minutes before full-time , in the match FCK won 3–1 . Three days later he got his Superliga debut , this time replacing Hjalte Nørregaard about 15 minutes before full-time . Only eight days after his first team debut , Jørgensen was thrown on pitch in the extra time of the UEFA Cup first round second leg at Parken Stadium against RC Lens , after captain Michael Gravgaard had received a red card . He was substituted for Marcus Allbäck and played in the central defence together with Brede Hangeland , and they prevented any more goals for Lens , when they were 10 against 11 . On 19 November 2008 , he made his debut for the Danish national football team in a friendly against Wales . After Roland Nilsson became manager for Copenhagen he became captain for The Lions . 22 February 2012 it was announced that Jørgensen would join Dutch club PSV Eindhoven on a free transfer during the summer transfer window . PSV . Jørgensen was featured in an unofficial pre-season tournament , The Polish Masters , in July 2012 and scored his first goal for PSV in their game against S.L . Benfica on 22 July . However , he struggled to break into PSVs first XI and only played 14 matches for the club over the course of two years . Return to FC Copenhagen . On 7 July 2014 , Jørgensen returned to his former team FC Copenhagen for a fee of around 600,000 Euros . Huddersfield Town . On 7 July 2017 , Huddersfield Town confirmed the signing of Jørgensen from FC Copenhagen for £3.5 million on a three-year contract . Jørgensen made 65 total appearances for the Terriers in his two seasons with the club as they suffered relegation to the Championship after the 2018–19 season . Fenerbahçe . On 10 August 2019 , Huddersfield Town confirmed that the defender had joined Fenerbahçe on a permanent deal . The terms of the transfer were undisclosed . On 31 January 2020 , Jørgensen joined Fortuna Düsseldorf on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season . On 5 October 2020 , Jørgensen again returned to F.C . Copenhagen on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season . International career . In May 2018 he was named in Denmarks preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia . In May 2021 , to the surprise and distress of many , he was named in Denmarks preliminary 26-man squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . He was selected despite having had a horrendous season , being unwanted by his club Fenerbahçe , spending several matches on the bench for Copenhagen , getting into fights with Danish reporters and being part of the 3rd worst defense of the Danish Superliga . Personal life . Jørgensen dated Hungarian model Enikő Mihalik . Zanka wrote an article against homophobia in football for the Danish Football Player’s Association in 2016 . In February 2017 , following the monetary settlement that the players association had with the Danish national team , Zanka donated the 667,000 Danish crowns ( $94,380 ) to help fund a new pro-LGBT+ campaign called “Fodbold for alle’ or ‘Football for all’ and visited schools to talk about the problem of homophobia . Nickname . Jørgensen received his nickname Zanka from the film Cool Runnings , in which the character played by Doug E . Doug is named Sanka . The nickname was coined by Johan Lange in 2000 , while both Lange and Jørgensen were playing for B.93 . Lange would go on to be one of the assistant managers during Jørgensens first spell at FC Copenhagen , and he would later serve as the technical director when Jørgensen returned to the club in 2014 . Honours . FC Copenhagen - Danish Superliga : 2008–09 , 2009–10 , 2010–11 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 - Danish Cup : 2008–09 , 2011–12 , 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17 Individual - Players Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla Talent of the Year : 2008 - Arla U-19 National Team Talent of the Year : 2008 - F.C . Copenhagen Player of the Year : 2017 External links . - Danish national team profile - Mathias Jørgensen at Voetbal International |
[
"Congleton Town"
] | easy | Which team did Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) play for from 1978 to 1980? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#0 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Oswestry Town"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) belong to from 1980 to 1981? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#1 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Swindon Town"
] | easy | Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) played for which team from 1981 to 1984? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#2 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Blackburn Rovers"
] | easy | Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) played for which team from 1984 to 1986? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#3 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Bournemouth"
] | easy | Which team did Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) play for from 1991 to 1992? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#4 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Reading"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) belong to from 1992 to 1997? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#5 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Northwich Victoria",
"Hereford United",
"Highworth Town"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) belong to from 2000 to 2001? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#6 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Shrewsbury Town"
] | easy | Jimmy Quinn (footballer, born 1959) played for which team from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Jimmy_Quinn_(footballer,_born_1959)#P54#7 | Jimmy Quinn ( footballer , born 1959 ) James Martin Quinn ( born 18 November 1959 in Belfast ) is a former Northern Ireland international footballer and is now working in management . He was capped 46 times for his country , and is one of Northern Irelands top goalscorers , having found the net 12 times at senior level . He also enjoyed a successful club career , scoring 210 goals in the Football League alone , and has enjoyed some success as a manager , including winning promotion to the Football League with Shrewsbury Town in 2004 and taking Reading to the brink of the Premier League in 1995 . Club career . Quinn had a club career spanning eighteen years for a number of lower division clubs , during which he was a prolific scorer at centre forward . The pinnacle of his league football career was winning the Second Division Golden Boot award for the 1993–94 season , having scored 40 goals for Reading , who were promoted as champions . Quinn was known for his towering aerial presence and a keen eye for goal . Quinn began in non-league football with Whitchurch Alport and joined Nantwich Town in the 1979 close season from where he moved on to Congleton Town . He stepped up to League football at Swindon Town , John Trollope signing him from non-league Oswestry Town for £10,000 in December 1981 , the first of three spells at Swindons County Ground . He had to wait three months for his debut , coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Walsall , on 9 March 1982 . He made his full debut at the end of the season , forming an attacking partnership with Paul Rideout , in a 3–2 win over Oxford United on 4 May . It did not help Swindon , who were relegated to the Fourth Division at the end of the season , for the first time in their history . It took Quinn another whole season before he became a first team regular . He bagged a brace in a 7–0 demolition of Kettering Town in the FA Cup , and was given his chance in the next league match , when he again scored twice against Mansfield Town . Another goal in his next game cemented his place in the starting line-up , and Quinn missed just four of the remaining matches of the season . He really shone in the FA Cup , scoring six goals in five games , including one in a 2–1 home defeat by Second Division Blackburn Rovers . His performance obviously impressed them – at the end of the season Rovers signed Quinn for £32,500 . After scoring 23 goals in 83 appearances for Rovers , Lou Macari persuaded Quinn to return to the County Ground in December 1986 , for a fee of £50,000 . He went straight into the starting line-up , and helped Swindon to a playoff place in the Third Division , with ten goals . Quinn missed the play-off final replay versus Gillingham through injury , but Swindon sealed promotion to the Second Division . The following season , Quinn was in fine form , scoring 31 goals in all competitions . When his contract expired in June 1988 , Macari did his best to persuade Quinn to stay , but his efforts proved fruitless . Quinn agreed terms with Leicester City , and a tribunal set the fee at £210,000 . Quinns stay at Leicester lasted less than nine months , and he scored a mere six goals from 31 appearances , most of which were as a substitute . In March 1989 , he moved to Bradford City for £210,000 , where he scored 14 goals in 35 games before moving again in December 1989 , this time to West Ham United , who had recently been relegated from the First Division . The fee was £320,000 , the highest sum paid for Quinn during his career . During his time at the club , Quinn scored eighteen league goals in forty-seven games , playing a part in their return to the First Division . It was here that Quinn earned his nickname of Jimmy the Tree , as he did not seem very mobile on the pitch although he did score a good return of goals helping West Ham return to the First Division in 1991 . However , Quinn did not play in the top flight , instead transferring to Bournemouth of the Third Division at the start of the 1991–92 season . Although he only spent a single season at the south coast club , he scored nineteen goals in forty-three games . He signed for Reading from Bournemouth in July 1992 . He went on to make 294 appearances for the Royals , scoring 94 goals in the process . Reading were promoted from the Second Division in the summer of 1994 with the help of 35 league goals from 34-year-old Quinn ( the top scorer in the entire Football League ) , and were comfortable in the First Division when manager Mark McGhee acrimoniously left Reading in the following December . In total , Quinn played 578 games in the Football League , scoring 210 goals . He also scored twenty-two goals in forty-six appearances in the FA Cup , and sixteen goals in thirty-five appearances in the League Cup . In a vote to compile Readings best-ever eleven , Quinn was voted the best striker with 35.4% of the vote . He scored five goals in his final ( 2003–04 ) league season playing for Shrewsbury , during which he turned 44 years of age . After his League career ended , Quinn turned out for a number of non-league clubs and his career went full circle when he returned to Nantwich Town , playing for the club beyond the age of 46 before finally hanging up his boots at the end of the 2005–06 season . International career . Quinn was a full international for Northern Ireland for 11 years , winning 46 caps and scoring 12 goals , making him one of the highest scorers in their history . His goals included a volley from outside the area against Northern Irelands neighbours Republic of Ireland , and the goal which helped Northern Ireland qualify for the 1986 World Cup ; his goal against Romania in a 1–0 was followed up by a 0–0 draw against England to secure qualification for a second successive World Cup Finals . He was Readings most capped player for several years , until Kevin Doyle beat his record of 17 international caps with the club . International goals . Scores and results list Northern Irelands goal tally first Management career . Quinn was appointed joint player-manager of Reading with Mick Gooding in December 1994 on the departure of Mark McGhee to Leicester City . Under their guidance , Reading finished second in Division One , but were denied automatic promotion to the Premier League as it was being reduced from 22 teams to 20 that season . Instead Reading were left to battle for Premier League football via the play-offs . Quinn scored the final goal in a 4–3 defeat to Bolton Wanderers , making Reading the only team to finish second in English footballs second tier and not get promoted . He left two years later after Reading endured two difficult seasons , during which they battled against relegation . He joined Peterborough United where he scored 25 league goals in his first season and was elected to the PFA Division Three team . The downside of the season was that the 38-year-old Quinns prolific goalscoring was not enough to achieve promotion for the Cambridgeshire club . In October 1998 , Quinn returned to Swindon as manager following the departure of Steve McMahon . Chairman Rikki Hunt declared that he wanted someone who would die for Swindon Town – he chose Quinn . Little did he know it was to be an impossible task . Quinn managed to keep Swindon in Division One in the 1998–99 season , but his first full season in charge proved to be a disaster – with the club in dire financial straits , they fell into administration , players were sold , and no money was available to replace them . Now 40 years old , Quinn was even forced to don the Swindon shirt again , taking the number 40 shirt ! Swindon Town were rock bottom from mid-November until the end of the season , breaking a club record of nineteen games without a win in the process . After relegation was confirmed , Quinn was removed after six of the seven new board members decided he should go – despite the impossible circumstances . Colin Todd was appointed as manager within days , fuelling speculation that the clubs new owners had done a deal before Quinn was ousted . Following his departure from Swindon , Quinn had brief spells as a player at Northwich Victoria and Hereford United of the Football Conference , Highworth Town of the Hellenic Football League , and Hayes of the Conference . In July 2001 , Quinn returned to Northwich , this time as manager , although he also appeared for the club 46 times , scoring eight times . Quinn moved to recently relegated Shrewsbury Town at the start of the 2003–04 season , and secured their immediate return to the Football League by winning the Conference playoff final . Despite being 44 , Quinn made 15 Conference appearances and scored four goals . Quinn resigned in October 2004 , with Shrewsbury finding life hard back in the Football League . He returned briefly to Peterborough as assistant manager , and then became manager of Norwegian Division Three club Egersunds in December 2005 . Despite a very successful spell , Quinn resigned after just five months , citing personal reasons . On 15 September 2006 Quinn was appointed manager of Conference National strugglers Cambridge United , signing a two-year contract , with his former Peterborough teammate Steve Castle as his assistant . United chairman Lee Power claimed that Quinn filled all our criteria for the job . After struggling with Cambridge United for much of the 2006–07 season , Quinn led them to 17th place , avoiding relegation to the Conference South on the final day of the season . After bringing in Alan Lewer as his new Assistant , he led the Us to an impressive start to the following season , which saw them top the division after an unbeaten start to the season . He also oversaw a Boxing Day victory over local rivals Histon . Mark Albrightons goal gave them a 1–0 victory at a packed Abbey Stadium , and revenge for the 5–0 thumping Histon gave the Us in the FA Trophy in December 2006 . Quinn led his Cambridge side to the play-offs in the 2007–08 season – beating Burton Albion 4–3 on aggregate in the semi-finals to set up a final against Exeter City at Wembley . In June 2008 , Quinn parted company with the club by mutual consent after lengthy talks with chairman Phillip Law . On 2 September 2008 , Quinn was named as the new Bournemouth manager , replacing Kevin Bond who was sacked the previous day . After 121 days on 31 December , Quinn was sacked after a run of poor results , including a 2–0 loss at home to fellow relegation battlers , Barnet . In March 2011 , Quinn was appointed manager of Nantwich Town in the Northern Premier League . He left by mutual consent on 15 March 2013 . Honours . - Player - Promotions - 1993–94 : Division Two Champion ( promotion to Division One ) – Reading - 1990–91 : Division Two runner up ( promotion to Division One ) – West Ham United - 1986–87 : Division Three Playoff Winner ( promotion to Division Two ) – Swindon Town - Awards - 1993–94 : Division Two Golden Boot Winner - Player manager - 1994–95 : Division One runner-up – Reading - Manager - Promotions ; - 2003–04 : Conference National Playoff Winner ( promotion to League Two ) – Shrewsbury Town External links . - Profile - Jimmy Quinn UpThePosh ! The Peterborough United Database - Jimmy Quinn The Wonderful World of West Ham United statistics |
[
"Aston Villa"
] | easy | Which team did the player Dale Belford belong to from 1985 to 1986? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#0 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Sutton Coldfield Town"
] | easy | Which team did Dale Belford play for from 1986 to 1987? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#1 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Tamworth"
] | easy | Which team did the player Dale Belford belong to from 1988 to 1990? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#2 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Hinckley United"
] | easy | Which team did the player Dale Belford belong to from 1997 to 1998? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#3 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Atherstone Town"
] | easy | Which team did Dale Belford play for from 1998 to 2003? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#4 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Gresley Rovers"
] | easy | Dale Belford played for which team from 2003 to 2005? | /wiki/Dale_Belford#P54#5 | Dale Belford Dale Belford ( born 11 July 1967 ) is an English football manager and former player who is the assistant manager of side Stratford Town . As a player , he spent most of his career playing as a goalkeeper . Playing career . Aston Villa and Sutton Coldfield Town . Born in Burton upon Trent , Staffordshire , Belford started his career as an apprentice for Aston Villa before signing a professional contract in July 1985 , but after failing to secure a first team slot , he moved on to Sutton Coldfield Town in December 1986 . Notts County , VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough . After only a few months with the club , Belford moved on to Notts County in March 1987 and spells with VS Rugby and Nuneaton Borough were soon to follow . Tamworth . In October 1988 , Belford joined Tamworth and set a club record of 712 minutes without conceding a goal in February and March 1989 . He was part of the FA Vase winning team in 1989 . Second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town and Tamworth . Belford moved on in July 1990 for a second spell with Sutton Coldfield Town . For the rest of the 1990s , Belford became a well travelled non-league goalkeeper . He played for Tamworth ( in his second spell ) . Hinckley United and Atherstone United . Then signed for Hinckley United in July 1997 but left Hinckley in August 1998 due to work commitments . He moved on to Atherstone United , where he suffered a potentially career-ending broken ankle while playing for Atherstone in April 1999 . He was honoured in a benefit game in August 1999 . He returned to light training in October 1999 , and in only his third game back after injury , he helped Nuneaton Sunday League side Lancet win the Tribune Cup in May 2000 . He returned to play for Atherstone and at the end of the 2001–01 season won five awards at the clubs presentation night , including the supporters and players player of year awards . In April 2002 , he was given a commemorative plate before the first whistle of the match against Chippenham Town to mark his 100th consecutive appearance for Atherstone , and was named as the clubs player of the year in May 2002 . Atherstone went into liquidation in 2003 and Belford left to join Gresley Rovers . Gresley Rovers . Belford joined Gresley Rovers in September 2003 , and was voted the clubs Players Player of the Year at the end of the 2003–04 season . He missed almost four months of the 2004–05 season due to a back injury suffered in October 2004 . He rejoined Hinckley United on loan in February 2005 for a second spell with the club . Return to Sutton Coldfield Town again . Belford then moved on to the steps of a coaching role when he rejoined Sutton Coldfield Town in May 2005 as a player-goalkeeping coach . Returning to Tamworth again . At the start of the 2006–07 season , Belford re-joined Tamworth for his third spell occupying the same role as player-goalkeeping coach . He and club captain Adie Smith took charge of the first-team following the departure of manager Mark Cooper and assistant- manager Richard Dryden in January 2007 . Shepshed Dynamo and Coalville Town . In 2007 , Belford followed former Lambs Assistant Manager Richard Dryden to Northern Premier League First Division side Shepshed Dynamo , where he became the oldest player make his Shepshed debut in February 2007 . Belfords stay at Shepshed Dynamo was a short one with him following former manager Adam Stevens to Midland Football Alliance side Coalville Town in June 2007 . Hinckley United and Atherstone Town . Dale then re-joined Hinckley United , now in the Conference North , for his third spell in September 2007 , occupying a familiar role as player/goalkeeping coach . Belford joined former club Atherstone Town in July 2008 as assistant-manager and resigned from the role in April 2009 , after guiding them to the play-offs of the Southern League Midland division . Management career . Atherstone Town . On 2 February 2010 , it was announced that Belford was to become the new manager at Atherstone Town following the resignation of the previous manager Darren Fulford . After just over a year with the club , Belford left his post as manager . Tamworth ( caretaker ) . Belford once again returned to Tamworth as a player-coach in March 2011 . Following Des Lyttles departure as Tamworth manager in April 2011 , Belford was appointed caretaker manager for the four remaining league games . His first game in charge was away at play-off chasing York City in which he won 2–1 . His second game in charge ended in 1–0 defeat at home to fellow league strugglers Southport . The game ended with three Tamworth players receiving red cards ( Liam Mitchell , Richard Tait and Michael Wylde ) . Belfords next game in charge was an away fixture at promotion chasing Wrexham . Due to the suspensions from the previous match Belford named himself as a substitute . Tamworth goalkeeper Louis Connor got injured in stoppage time and saw Belford donning the goalkeeper jersey once again for the last few minutes of the game . Belford is now the only player to play for Tamworth in four decades ( 1980s , 1990s , 2000s and 2010s ) . Belfords fourth and final game in charge saw him take on Forest Green Rovers in a must win game . In a very edgy 90 minutes , Tamworth did win the match 2–1 thus meaning Belford had kept the club in the Conference National at the expense of Southport who eventually stayed up due to Rushden & Diamonds entering liquidation . Following a meeting with chairman Bob Andrews on Monday 14 January 2013 that saw Marcus Law was relieved of his manager duties , Dale Belford was once again appointed as caretaker-manager for the foreseeable future with former Lambs player Scott Lindsey as his assistant . Rugby Town . Early into the 2015–16 season , Belford replaced Gary Mills as manager at Rugby Town . Belford left the club after a 9th-placed finish , in April 2016 . Stratford Town . On 25 January 2020 , Belford was confirmed as assistant manager to Paul Davis at Stratford Town . Personal life . He is the son of Tamworth kitman Buster Belford and the father of professional goalkeepers Cameron Belford and Tyrell Belford . His cousins are Stafford Rangers striker Kyle Perry and Bilston Town defender Todd Perry . Belfords maternal grandfather , Bill Scattergood also played for Nuneaton Borough , between 1947 and 1952 . Honours . Tamworth - FA Vase : 1988–89 |
[
"Paris",
"Paris"
] | easy | What was the working location for William Robert Colton from 1870 to 1889? | /wiki/William_Robert_Colton#P937#0 | William Robert Colton William Robert Colton ( 25 December 1867 – 13 November 1921 ) was a British sculptor . After completing his studies in London and Paris Colton established himself with solid , career-long business relationships , secured admission to exhibitions at the Royal Academy and the Salon in Paris . His works included commissions for busts , statues and war memorials . His clientele included royalty in England and India . During his career , Colton was a professor at the Royal Academy , president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors and full member at the Royal Academy . Early life . Colton was born in Paris , France on 25 December 1867 . His father was an architect . In 1870 Colton left Paris for London . He studied at the Lambeth School of Art in England under William Silver Frith before enrolling as a student in the Royal Academy in 1889 . At the Royal Academy , he was taught by Henry Hugh Armstead and Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm . He also studied in Paris . Career . Commissions . Within two years of his 20th birthday , Colton was exhibiting at both the Paris Salon and the Royal Academy . Auguste Rodin and Alfred Gilbert provided inspiration for Coltons work . He received a commission from the Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV , Maharajah of Mysore and continued to receive commissions from India throughout his career . Besides his engagements for work in England , Colton also received commissions for work in Australia and South Africa . On 21 January 1903 Colton was elected as an Associate to the Royal Academy . He became a full member sixteen years later in 1919 on 25 April . In 1921 he became the president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors ( RBS ) . Education . From 1907 to 1911 he was Professor of Sculpture at the Royal Academy . Works . Sculptures . This is a partial list of Coltons sculptures , busts and plaques . War Memorials . Worcester Boer War Memorial . The Worcester Boer War Memorial , located in the grounds of Worcester Cathedral , is a bronze depiction of a hatless figure who is protected by an angel . The memorial consists of a three-stepped base surmounted by a plinth , pedestal and figure of a soldier of the Worcester Regiment kneeling as he prepares to fire his last cartridge . A winged figure said to represent Immortality stands above him with a palm branch in one hand , and in the other hand a sheathed sword with laurel wreath on it . The memorial is dedicated to the men of Worcestershire killed in the South African War . It was unveiled on 23 September 1908 by Lt . Gen . the Hon . Sir N . G . Lyttleton . The monument was restored in 2005 . Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . The Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial is on the corner of St Jamess Park in The Mall in central London . The memorial was designed by Sir Aston Webb and the bronze sculpture , including Pegasus and the two relief tablets , were executed by Colton . Completed in 1909 the composition was described by Colton as War being controlled by peace , war being represented by a war horse & peace being a winged female figure . In the same letter Colton writes that the work has become in a sense a part of the Queen Victoria Memorial Scheme . The pillars list the 1,078 men who died in the South African war of 1899-1902 and relief panels show the unit in action . The memorial was unveiled in 1920 by the Duke of Connaught , using an electronic remote control from a memorial service in St Pauls Cathedral . The memorial was erected by the officers and men of the Royal Artillery in memory of their honoured dead . The pedestal is in Portland stone and the sculpture , reliefs and panels with the names of those remembered , are all in bronze . W . T . Wyllie Memorial . The W . T . Wyllie memorial in Portsmouth Cathedral is positioned on the East wall of the Quire and east of the Corporation Pew and remembers the second son of William Lionel and Marion Amy Wyllie . William Thomas Wyllie served with the 2nd Durham Light Infantry and was killed in action at Montauban on the Somme on 19 July 1916 . He was acting as a Brigade Major at the time and is buried in Mametz Cemetery . He left a widow and three children . The memorial features a sculptured figure in silhouette/high relief which lies along the bottom half . This figure is the dead body of an officer lying on his back , arms by his side . His shirt sleeves are rolled up and he wears braces , trousers and boots . His head rests on a cushion surrounded by a laurel wreath . The inscription is incised in white lettering along the top half of the memorial . The bronze founders were Messrs A . B . Burton . Captain F C Selous DSO . The memorial tablet dedicated to Captain F C Selous DSO is positioned at the head of the northwest staircase in the Central Hall . The figure and plaque are in bronze and the tablet is in stone . The memorial consists of a cast bronze portrait of Captain Selous in uniform and carrying a rifle . This is set into a niche in the stone tablet . Below the niche is a bronze relief of lions . The inscriptions are arranged in two side panels in raised block lettering . The sculptors name is placed at the bottom right . The inscription on the left panel reads Caption Frederick C . Selous D.S.O . Hunter Explorer and Naturalist. . On the right panel Born 1851 Killed in action at Beho-Beho German East Africa 4 1 1917. . Selous was buried in East Africa in what is now Tanzania . Boyd and Claude Alexander . At St . Dunstans Church in Cranbrook , Kent , there is an alabaster memorial to Boyd and Claude Alexander who were both killed in action in Africa . Boyd Alexander served in the Rifle Brigade and was killed at Nyeri on 2 April 1910 and is remembered on the left side panel and Claud Alexander who served in the Scots Guards and was killed at Maifoni on 13 November 1904 is remembered on the right side panel . A representation of Africa in the form of a female figure holding arrows is positioned in the centre with busts of the two dead men on either side . The left hand panel includes representations of animals and trees and the right hand panel features a landscape scene . Staffordshire County War Memorial . The memorial , on Victoria Road , Stafford , was designed by Colton but his early death meant that the sculptor L . S . Merrifield had to complete the work . The memorial is dedicated to the soldiers from Staffordshire who died in service to their country during World War I . The memorial stands on a four-stepped base surmounted by two plinths and a column . In Coltons composition we see the figure of an angel with olive branch and a horse . This grouping is modeled after the Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . There is a Staffordshire knot on the front face of the pedestal . The memorial was completed in 1923 , following Coltons death . Earl of Dartmouth , whose son was one of the men memorialized by the monument , performed the unveiling . Personal life . In 1902 Colton married Mignon Kroll de Laporte . Two daughters were born to the couple . Robert Colton died at age of 53 on 13 November 1921 at St . Mary Abbots Place , Kensington . due to complications from a surgery approximately 4 weeks before his death . Further reading . - Mary Chamot , Dennis Farr and Martin Butlin . ( 1964 ) . The Modern British Paintings , Drawings and Sculpture , London . - Spielmann , Marion Harry . ( 1901 ) . British Sculpture and Sculptors of Today . London : Cassell . Internet Archive . Web . 22 December 2011 . - W ( illiam ) Robert Colton , RA . Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951 . University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII , online database 2011 . Web . 23 June 2011 . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the working location for William Robert Colton from 1899 to 1900? | /wiki/William_Robert_Colton#P937#1 | William Robert Colton William Robert Colton ( 25 December 1867 – 13 November 1921 ) was a British sculptor . After completing his studies in London and Paris Colton established himself with solid , career-long business relationships , secured admission to exhibitions at the Royal Academy and the Salon in Paris . His works included commissions for busts , statues and war memorials . His clientele included royalty in England and India . During his career , Colton was a professor at the Royal Academy , president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors and full member at the Royal Academy . Early life . Colton was born in Paris , France on 25 December 1867 . His father was an architect . In 1870 Colton left Paris for London . He studied at the Lambeth School of Art in England under William Silver Frith before enrolling as a student in the Royal Academy in 1889 . At the Royal Academy , he was taught by Henry Hugh Armstead and Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm . He also studied in Paris . Career . Commissions . Within two years of his 20th birthday , Colton was exhibiting at both the Paris Salon and the Royal Academy . Auguste Rodin and Alfred Gilbert provided inspiration for Coltons work . He received a commission from the Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV , Maharajah of Mysore and continued to receive commissions from India throughout his career . Besides his engagements for work in England , Colton also received commissions for work in Australia and South Africa . On 21 January 1903 Colton was elected as an Associate to the Royal Academy . He became a full member sixteen years later in 1919 on 25 April . In 1921 he became the president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors ( RBS ) . Education . From 1907 to 1911 he was Professor of Sculpture at the Royal Academy . Works . Sculptures . This is a partial list of Coltons sculptures , busts and plaques . War Memorials . Worcester Boer War Memorial . The Worcester Boer War Memorial , located in the grounds of Worcester Cathedral , is a bronze depiction of a hatless figure who is protected by an angel . The memorial consists of a three-stepped base surmounted by a plinth , pedestal and figure of a soldier of the Worcester Regiment kneeling as he prepares to fire his last cartridge . A winged figure said to represent Immortality stands above him with a palm branch in one hand , and in the other hand a sheathed sword with laurel wreath on it . The memorial is dedicated to the men of Worcestershire killed in the South African War . It was unveiled on 23 September 1908 by Lt . Gen . the Hon . Sir N . G . Lyttleton . The monument was restored in 2005 . Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . The Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial is on the corner of St Jamess Park in The Mall in central London . The memorial was designed by Sir Aston Webb and the bronze sculpture , including Pegasus and the two relief tablets , were executed by Colton . Completed in 1909 the composition was described by Colton as War being controlled by peace , war being represented by a war horse & peace being a winged female figure . In the same letter Colton writes that the work has become in a sense a part of the Queen Victoria Memorial Scheme . The pillars list the 1,078 men who died in the South African war of 1899-1902 and relief panels show the unit in action . The memorial was unveiled in 1920 by the Duke of Connaught , using an electronic remote control from a memorial service in St Pauls Cathedral . The memorial was erected by the officers and men of the Royal Artillery in memory of their honoured dead . The pedestal is in Portland stone and the sculpture , reliefs and panels with the names of those remembered , are all in bronze . W . T . Wyllie Memorial . The W . T . Wyllie memorial in Portsmouth Cathedral is positioned on the East wall of the Quire and east of the Corporation Pew and remembers the second son of William Lionel and Marion Amy Wyllie . William Thomas Wyllie served with the 2nd Durham Light Infantry and was killed in action at Montauban on the Somme on 19 July 1916 . He was acting as a Brigade Major at the time and is buried in Mametz Cemetery . He left a widow and three children . The memorial features a sculptured figure in silhouette/high relief which lies along the bottom half . This figure is the dead body of an officer lying on his back , arms by his side . His shirt sleeves are rolled up and he wears braces , trousers and boots . His head rests on a cushion surrounded by a laurel wreath . The inscription is incised in white lettering along the top half of the memorial . The bronze founders were Messrs A . B . Burton . Captain F C Selous DSO . The memorial tablet dedicated to Captain F C Selous DSO is positioned at the head of the northwest staircase in the Central Hall . The figure and plaque are in bronze and the tablet is in stone . The memorial consists of a cast bronze portrait of Captain Selous in uniform and carrying a rifle . This is set into a niche in the stone tablet . Below the niche is a bronze relief of lions . The inscriptions are arranged in two side panels in raised block lettering . The sculptors name is placed at the bottom right . The inscription on the left panel reads Caption Frederick C . Selous D.S.O . Hunter Explorer and Naturalist. . On the right panel Born 1851 Killed in action at Beho-Beho German East Africa 4 1 1917. . Selous was buried in East Africa in what is now Tanzania . Boyd and Claude Alexander . At St . Dunstans Church in Cranbrook , Kent , there is an alabaster memorial to Boyd and Claude Alexander who were both killed in action in Africa . Boyd Alexander served in the Rifle Brigade and was killed at Nyeri on 2 April 1910 and is remembered on the left side panel and Claud Alexander who served in the Scots Guards and was killed at Maifoni on 13 November 1904 is remembered on the right side panel . A representation of Africa in the form of a female figure holding arrows is positioned in the centre with busts of the two dead men on either side . The left hand panel includes representations of animals and trees and the right hand panel features a landscape scene . Staffordshire County War Memorial . The memorial , on Victoria Road , Stafford , was designed by Colton but his early death meant that the sculptor L . S . Merrifield had to complete the work . The memorial is dedicated to the soldiers from Staffordshire who died in service to their country during World War I . The memorial stands on a four-stepped base surmounted by two plinths and a column . In Coltons composition we see the figure of an angel with olive branch and a horse . This grouping is modeled after the Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . There is a Staffordshire knot on the front face of the pedestal . The memorial was completed in 1923 , following Coltons death . Earl of Dartmouth , whose son was one of the men memorialized by the monument , performed the unveiling . Personal life . In 1902 Colton married Mignon Kroll de Laporte . Two daughters were born to the couple . Robert Colton died at age of 53 on 13 November 1921 at St . Mary Abbots Place , Kensington . due to complications from a surgery approximately 4 weeks before his death . Further reading . - Mary Chamot , Dennis Farr and Martin Butlin . ( 1964 ) . The Modern British Paintings , Drawings and Sculpture , London . - Spielmann , Marion Harry . ( 1901 ) . British Sculpture and Sculptors of Today . London : Cassell . Internet Archive . Web . 22 December 2011 . - W ( illiam ) Robert Colton , RA . Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951 . University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII , online database 2011 . Web . 23 June 2011 . |
[
"Kensington"
] | easy | William Robert Colton worked in which location from 1900 to 1921? | /wiki/William_Robert_Colton#P937#2 | William Robert Colton William Robert Colton ( 25 December 1867 – 13 November 1921 ) was a British sculptor . After completing his studies in London and Paris Colton established himself with solid , career-long business relationships , secured admission to exhibitions at the Royal Academy and the Salon in Paris . His works included commissions for busts , statues and war memorials . His clientele included royalty in England and India . During his career , Colton was a professor at the Royal Academy , president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors and full member at the Royal Academy . Early life . Colton was born in Paris , France on 25 December 1867 . His father was an architect . In 1870 Colton left Paris for London . He studied at the Lambeth School of Art in England under William Silver Frith before enrolling as a student in the Royal Academy in 1889 . At the Royal Academy , he was taught by Henry Hugh Armstead and Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm . He also studied in Paris . Career . Commissions . Within two years of his 20th birthday , Colton was exhibiting at both the Paris Salon and the Royal Academy . Auguste Rodin and Alfred Gilbert provided inspiration for Coltons work . He received a commission from the Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV , Maharajah of Mysore and continued to receive commissions from India throughout his career . Besides his engagements for work in England , Colton also received commissions for work in Australia and South Africa . On 21 January 1903 Colton was elected as an Associate to the Royal Academy . He became a full member sixteen years later in 1919 on 25 April . In 1921 he became the president of the Royal British Society of Sculptors ( RBS ) . Education . From 1907 to 1911 he was Professor of Sculpture at the Royal Academy . Works . Sculptures . This is a partial list of Coltons sculptures , busts and plaques . War Memorials . Worcester Boer War Memorial . The Worcester Boer War Memorial , located in the grounds of Worcester Cathedral , is a bronze depiction of a hatless figure who is protected by an angel . The memorial consists of a three-stepped base surmounted by a plinth , pedestal and figure of a soldier of the Worcester Regiment kneeling as he prepares to fire his last cartridge . A winged figure said to represent Immortality stands above him with a palm branch in one hand , and in the other hand a sheathed sword with laurel wreath on it . The memorial is dedicated to the men of Worcestershire killed in the South African War . It was unveiled on 23 September 1908 by Lt . Gen . the Hon . Sir N . G . Lyttleton . The monument was restored in 2005 . Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . The Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial is on the corner of St Jamess Park in The Mall in central London . The memorial was designed by Sir Aston Webb and the bronze sculpture , including Pegasus and the two relief tablets , were executed by Colton . Completed in 1909 the composition was described by Colton as War being controlled by peace , war being represented by a war horse & peace being a winged female figure . In the same letter Colton writes that the work has become in a sense a part of the Queen Victoria Memorial Scheme . The pillars list the 1,078 men who died in the South African war of 1899-1902 and relief panels show the unit in action . The memorial was unveiled in 1920 by the Duke of Connaught , using an electronic remote control from a memorial service in St Pauls Cathedral . The memorial was erected by the officers and men of the Royal Artillery in memory of their honoured dead . The pedestal is in Portland stone and the sculpture , reliefs and panels with the names of those remembered , are all in bronze . W . T . Wyllie Memorial . The W . T . Wyllie memorial in Portsmouth Cathedral is positioned on the East wall of the Quire and east of the Corporation Pew and remembers the second son of William Lionel and Marion Amy Wyllie . William Thomas Wyllie served with the 2nd Durham Light Infantry and was killed in action at Montauban on the Somme on 19 July 1916 . He was acting as a Brigade Major at the time and is buried in Mametz Cemetery . He left a widow and three children . The memorial features a sculptured figure in silhouette/high relief which lies along the bottom half . This figure is the dead body of an officer lying on his back , arms by his side . His shirt sleeves are rolled up and he wears braces , trousers and boots . His head rests on a cushion surrounded by a laurel wreath . The inscription is incised in white lettering along the top half of the memorial . The bronze founders were Messrs A . B . Burton . Captain F C Selous DSO . The memorial tablet dedicated to Captain F C Selous DSO is positioned at the head of the northwest staircase in the Central Hall . The figure and plaque are in bronze and the tablet is in stone . The memorial consists of a cast bronze portrait of Captain Selous in uniform and carrying a rifle . This is set into a niche in the stone tablet . Below the niche is a bronze relief of lions . The inscriptions are arranged in two side panels in raised block lettering . The sculptors name is placed at the bottom right . The inscription on the left panel reads Caption Frederick C . Selous D.S.O . Hunter Explorer and Naturalist. . On the right panel Born 1851 Killed in action at Beho-Beho German East Africa 4 1 1917. . Selous was buried in East Africa in what is now Tanzania . Boyd and Claude Alexander . At St . Dunstans Church in Cranbrook , Kent , there is an alabaster memorial to Boyd and Claude Alexander who were both killed in action in Africa . Boyd Alexander served in the Rifle Brigade and was killed at Nyeri on 2 April 1910 and is remembered on the left side panel and Claud Alexander who served in the Scots Guards and was killed at Maifoni on 13 November 1904 is remembered on the right side panel . A representation of Africa in the form of a female figure holding arrows is positioned in the centre with busts of the two dead men on either side . The left hand panel includes representations of animals and trees and the right hand panel features a landscape scene . Staffordshire County War Memorial . The memorial , on Victoria Road , Stafford , was designed by Colton but his early death meant that the sculptor L . S . Merrifield had to complete the work . The memorial is dedicated to the soldiers from Staffordshire who died in service to their country during World War I . The memorial stands on a four-stepped base surmounted by two plinths and a column . In Coltons composition we see the figure of an angel with olive branch and a horse . This grouping is modeled after the Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial . There is a Staffordshire knot on the front face of the pedestal . The memorial was completed in 1923 , following Coltons death . Earl of Dartmouth , whose son was one of the men memorialized by the monument , performed the unveiling . Personal life . In 1902 Colton married Mignon Kroll de Laporte . Two daughters were born to the couple . Robert Colton died at age of 53 on 13 November 1921 at St . Mary Abbots Place , Kensington . due to complications from a surgery approximately 4 weeks before his death . Further reading . - Mary Chamot , Dennis Farr and Martin Butlin . ( 1964 ) . The Modern British Paintings , Drawings and Sculpture , London . - Spielmann , Marion Harry . ( 1901 ) . British Sculpture and Sculptors of Today . London : Cassell . Internet Archive . Web . 22 December 2011 . - W ( illiam ) Robert Colton , RA . Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951 . University of Glasgow History of Art and HATII , online database 2011 . Web . 23 June 2011 . |
[
"South Eastern and Chatham Railway"
] | easy | What operated SECR N1 class from 1922 to Dec 1922? | /wiki/SECR_N1_class#P137#0 | SECR N1 class The SECR N1 class was a type of 3-cylinder 2-6-0 ( mogul ) steam locomotive designed by Richard Maunsell for mixed traffic duties , initially on the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) , and later operated for the Southern Railway ( SR ) . The N1 was a development of the basic principles established by the Great Western Railways ( GWR ) Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) George Jackson Churchward and by Maunsells previous N class design . The N1 prototype was the result of modifications made to N class No . 822 during construction in 1922 . The locomotive became operational in 1923 and used parts interchangeable with other Maunsell locomotive classes . The prototype N1 was the only member of the class constructed before the SECR became part of the Southern Railway at the Grouping in 1923 , and featured a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear designed by Harold Holcroft . The class set the precedent for the Southern Railways subsequent 3-cylinder designs . The N1s compared favourably with the N class , although the type showed little improvement in performance . More of the class were built when it became clear that the types smaller cylinders provided greater route availability . A total of six engines were built . The N1 class was primarily used on the Eastern section of the Southern Railway network , and used by the Southern Region of British Railways ( BR ) from 1948 . The N1s gave valuable service until they were withdrawn in 1962 . None were preserved . Background . Richard Maunsells N class mixed-traffic 2-6-0 prototype for the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) was completed in 1917 . It showed a marked improvement in performance over his predecessor Harry Wainwrights 0-6-0 and 4-4-0 designs when tested on freight and local passenger trains . The success of the prototype encouraged the SECR management to order a batch of 15 in 1919 after government restrictions regulating locomotive production during the First World War were relaxed . Ashford locomotive works was already committed to undertaking deferred repair work however , which temporarily slowed construction of new locomotives . This resulted in the gradual completion of the 1919 N class order as works capacity permitted between 1920 and 1923 . Operational experience with the N class prototype demonstrated that it was capable of coping with peacetime passenger and freight traffic on the mainline between London and Ramsgate , but Maunsell anticipated an increase in traffic that would require a more powerful locomotive capable of hauling longer trains . The use of larger engines was prevented by low permitted axle loadings on parts of the SECR network , caused by economies in track construction by using flint beach pebbles as track ballast ; this material failed to hold the track in place when under strain and could not support heavy locomotives . In the meantime Maunsell settled upon producing a 3-cylinder version of the N class 2-6-0 , which provided the opportunity to test a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear developed by his assistant , Harold Holcroft . Design and construction . Maunsell and Holcroft completed plans for a new 3-cylinder locomotive in 1919 . Designated N1 , the new design was an attempt to increase the operational flexibility and power of the SECR 2-6-0 without substantially increasing axle loading . Holcrofts previous employment as an engineer involved with the GWRs 4300 class meant that the N1 used the same Churchward features as the N class to aid standardisation and the manufacture of parts . These included the use of long-travel valves for free running at speed , right-hand drive in the cab and driving wheels . The retention of the 2-6-0 wheel arrangement meant ample accommodation for the N class tapered boiler with Belpaire firebox . As with the N class , detail design on the N1 was left to another of Maunsells assistants , James Clayton , who brought functional Midland Railway influences to the design : the loading gauge-friendly shape of the cab , the tender and the large-diameter smokebox . The smokebox housed a large superheater , regulator valve and snifting ( anti-vacuum ) valves . The N1 also retained Walschaerts valve gear on both outside cylinders . The main design differences with the N class included the cab front , exhaust arrangements , and the addition of an extra ( inside ) cylinder between the frames to drive the centre driving axle . Clayton had revised the layout of the cab front spectacle plates ( small windows on the front of the cab ) to improve forward visibility . This incorporated two large single panes of glass either side of the boiler instead of the four smaller windows used on the N class . The inside cylinder was to be actuated by Holcrofts design of conjugated valve gear , which consisted of mechanical links fitted to both sets of outside Walschaerts gear , eliminating the need for a separate set of valve gear between the frames to operate the inside cylinder . The result would be a reduction in weight and the amount of mechanical equipment in this inaccessible part of the locomotive . Holcrofts valve gear design was also an attempt to address the problems associated with Gresleys conjugated valve gear , which was prone to variations in valve events caused by heat expansion of the valve spindles within the pistons . The design utilised the motion of the outside valve rods ( the rods transmitting the motion of the driving axles to the valves , such as the combination lever ) instead , although the restricted space between the back of the outside cylinders and the front driving wheels made it impossible to locate the rocking arms controlling the conjugating mechanism in the vicinity . Holcrofts solution was to move the mechanism to a position above the pony truck and ahead of the cylinders and link it to the outside valve rods with extension levers , which had to be accommodated within the strict SECR loading gauge tolerances . This necessitated a new design of cylinder block whereby the outside steam chests were set inwards and the size of the cylinders reduced to stroke and diameter . The sides of the outside cylinders consequently sloped inwards towards the top in a configuration similar to GWR 2-cylinder locomotives , thus providing ample space in which to accommodate the extension levers . The inside cylinder and conjugation assembly were set at an incline of 1 in 8 to clear the front pony truck , leaving space for a third set of independent Walschaerts valve gear between the frames should Holcrofts conjugation mechanism prove unreliable in service . Another issue concerned the strength of the locomotive frames around the cylinders . Taking inspiration from the 3-cylinder locomotives designed by Vincent Raven for the North Eastern Railway , Holcroft suggested that all three cylinders and associated steam passages should be cast in a single block , with rectangular holes cut into the frames to enable the outside cylinders to project through them . However , the SECRs established practice of using outside steam chests on locomotives with outside cylinders prevented this , and the design team resorted to cutting a gap in the frames to accommodate the outside cylinders , which were then secured in place with a bolted splice plate . Production limitations at the Ashford works foundry also prevented the manufacture of a single casting that incorporated all three cylinders . This meant that the cylinder castings were split into two sections , with the left and inside cylinders forming a single unit that would be bolted onto a separate right-hand cylinder casting . Holcrofts new cylinder block design also incorporated a separate saddle casting , a configuration that allowed the N1 cylinder patterns to be used with any diameter of smokebox , creating a standard component with potential applications on future locomotive designs . Prototype . The construction of the prototype at Ashford railway works was approved by the SECR management to commence in 1919 . However , Ashford works was heavily engaged in tackling a backlog of repair and maintenance work caused by government restrictions during the First World War with little spare capacity for new construction projects , particularly when approval for the construction of the N1 prototype coincided with a priority order for 15 2-cylinder N class locomotives . In consequence , the works backlog meant that only 12 N class locomotives were completed between June 1920 and October 1922 . Seeing little sign of an increase in production capacity at Ashford , Maunsell decided to construct the prototype N1 locomotive from parts intended for use on the next N class locomotive in the batch , No . 822 . The outside cylinders were exchanged for the N1 type , which had been machined at the GWRs Swindon railway works following casting at Ashford to quicken construction once the N class frames were modified to accept the new design of cylinder block . This produced a robust chassis capable of supporting both sets of Walschaerts and the Holcroft conjugated valve gear . The latter was provided with grease-gun lubrication points to ease maintenance . A distinguishing feature of the locomotive was the high-set N class boiler , which was pitched above the frames to accommodate the inside cylinder assembly , potentially exposing the conjugation mechanism to the elements . To prevent corrosion , Maunsell incorporated a vertical metal cover above the front buffer beam to protect the inside cylinder and valve gear assembly , the main visual difference from the N class . Maunsell and Holcroft anticipated that the standard N class chimney would choke the exhaust blast produced by the three cylinders . To mitigate this , a wider-diameter blastpipe was cast for the locomotive and a new smokebox fabricated to accommodate a wide-diameter cast chimney . The rest of the construction process followed the 1919 N1 specification , and the final three members of the order for 15 N class locomotives were built as intended . The N1 prototype was completed in December 1922 and attached to a standard Maunsell flat-sided Ashford N class tender . It entered service on 24 March 1923 and the boiler pressure was reduced from to for No . 822s fuel consumption to be compared with that of the 2-cylinder N class during trials . Southern Railway batch . The completion of No . 822 coincided with the absorption of the SECR into the newly created Southern Railway in the 1923 Grouping . Maunsell was appointed the CME of the new company and embarked upon a greatly expanded programme of fleet standardisation to replace the inherited pre-Grouping designs . In 1924 , No . 822 participated in a series of trials to compare the performance of the N , LSWR S15 and LB&SCR K classes when hauling freight trains of 65 loaded wagons between and . Despite achieving the lowest coal consumption per mile of all the designs tested , the N1 prototype cost more to maintain and displayed poor steaming qualities that affected timekeeping . After the trials , No . 822 remained the sole N1 until 1929 , when the Southern Railway ordered a batch of five locomotives ( Nos . A876–A880 ) . The intention was to increase the availability of the class to complement the newly introduced U1 class passenger locomotives on gauge-restricted routes . The batch was constructed at Ashford works and incorporated several refinements based upon operational experience with No . 822 and were given boilers set at . The other change was the discontinuation of the Holcroft valve gear because of the difficulty experienced in acquiring suitable spare parts for the prototype . The Southern Railway had also upgraded the permanent way on many of the former SECR routes by 1929 , removing many of the weight restrictions that inspired the use of the Holcroft gear in the first place . Maunsell was therefore free to use three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear driven by the centre driving wheels and the crank axle , a system that was easier to maintain due to the wide availability of parts . The new locomotives were completed between March and November 1930 . They were noticeably different from the prototype because the Holcroft conjugation mechanism above the outside cylinders was omitted , although the slab-front and angled profile of the outside cylinders was retained . Other variations included a set of footsteps beneath the front buffer beam , reversion to the N class cast chimney design and a revised dome that incorporated the regulator to ease access during routine maintenance . Once complete , Nos . A876–A880 were attached to flat-sided tenders to increase operational range over the Southern Railways longer Eastern section routes . No further N1 locomotives were ordered after the completion of No . A880 as the mechanically similar U1 class was capable of undertaking a broader range of tasks . Although intended for intermediate passenger work , the latters driving wheels were of little disadvantage when used on slower freight duties . Operational details . The N1 class prototype was initially based at Bricklayers Arms shed for tests on services over the Eastern section . No . 822 became a familiar sight on freight workings between the Hither Green marshalling yard and and on passenger trains between and , as increased train lengths on these duties had taxed the ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0 designs . This allocation also provided an opportunity for comparing performance against the 2-cylinder N class . The tests were complete by December 1923 and No . 822 was moved to Ashford shed and used on passenger services to Charing Cross . In 1925 , No . 822 was re-allocated to Bricklayers Arms shed from where it was used on the gauge-restricted Tonbridge–Hastings line for the first time . No . 822 proved ideal for this line but was again re-allocated to for trials over the difficult undulating route to in 1928 . Despite the high maintenance costs and steaming difficulties revealed during the 1924 freight trials , the N1 prototype compared favourably against the N class , allowing the Southern Railways management to order the final five locomotives in 1929 . Nos . A876–A880 were initially allocated to the Central section shed at , from where they were regularly used on through expresses from the LMS between and Brighton and services to Hastings and . Three of the class were moved to Tonbridge shed in 1931 to operate over the Hastings line whilst the other three remained at New Cross . The class was re-allocated in 1935 with three based at Eastbourne on the Central section to haul through trains to the GWR and the London , Midland and Scottish Railway ( LMS ) . By 1939 the class was divided between New Cross , Stewarts Lane and Tonbridge sheds . As with the preceding N class , the N1s were capable of hauling heavy loads at moderate speeds , a useful attribute that was exploited throughout the Second World War . They were mostly used on freight trains on both Central and Eastern sections although No . 1822 was recorded hauling a 17–carriage troop special over the Redhill to Reading line in April 1942 . The entire class operated in the Hastings area during the build-up to Operation Overlord in 1944 . On 3 May , No . 1878 was targeted by a German fighter near but was undamaged . The entire class came into British Railways ownership in 1948 and was used on the Southern Region . Performance of the N1 class and modifications . As a development of the N class , the N1 class represented the next step forward for the British 2-6-0 concept , creating a capable workhorse equally adept at hauling passenger and freight traffic . The prototype proved economical in service as it used 10 percent less coal than the N class , but used 11 percent more water . However , the N1 design proved capable of fast speeds ; No . 822 reached during trials between Charing Cross and Tonbridge in 1923 . Once run-in , No . 822 became popular amongst its regular crews as they favoured the way the three cylinders balanced cyclic forces on the driving axle . This resulted in improved riding characteristics on the footplate at low speeds whilst reducing mechanical wear and the effect of hammerblow on the track . The Holcroft valve gear also meant that No . 822 was a comparatively light locomotive that could be used on weight-restricted routes . Although successful at overcoming the problems associated with the Gresley conjugated valve gear , the Holcroft variant used on No . 822 suffered under a poor maintenance regime caused by the difficulty and expense of producing non-standard spare parts at Ashford works . The main problems associated with the Holcroft gear included inadequate lubrication of the moving parts and the whipping of the conjugation levers connecting the inside cylinder to the outside motion while running at high speeds , which caused uneven steam distribution to the cylinders . In this respect , the N1 prototype offered little advantage over the simpler 2-cylinder Ns and the locomotive was rarely used on long-distance runs on the Western section . Few modifications were made to the prototype before 1929 , although boiler pressure was increased to the full operating pressure in June 1925 . The introduction of Nos . A876–A880 into service allowed No . A822 to be withdrawn for rebuilding with three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear in August 1931 . Other modifications included moving the regulator valve from the smokebox to a new N class-type dome to ease access during routine maintenance and the addition of a front footstep behind the bufferbeam . Despite the opportunity to upgrade to the tender attached to the new class members , No . A822 retained its smaller-capacity flat-sided Ashford tender . The result of the various modifications was a heavier locomotive , although it now benefited from upgraded track on the Eastern section and the interchange of standardised parts that reduced the time needed to complete repairs . The rebuilt locomotive emerged from Ashford works as No . 1822 in October 1931 . Although the N1s displayed little overall improvement over the N class , they proved ideal for the gauge-restricted Hastings route , where their narrower profile allowed them to operate through narrow bridges and tunnels , and their power enabled them to haul heavier trains than the predominant ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0s . The last modification of the class undertaken by Maunsell was the gradual introduction of small smoke deflector plates from 1934 . These were fitted to improve driver visibility as a result of smoke deflection experiments made on the King Arthur class between 1926 and 1927 . Maunsell retired from the Southern Railway in 1937 and his replacement was Oliver Bulleid . Despite making various modifications to the steam circuit on other Maunsell classes , Bulleid saw no reason to make such drastic alterations to the N1 class . As a result , the final set of modifications made under Southern Railway ownership was made after the Second World War and included the removal of superfluous smokebox-mounted anti-vacuum snifting valves and the replacement of the wide-diameter N1 chimney with the U1 type to improve draughting on the prototype ; the standard N class chimneys of the other five were also replaced . The class was well-used by British Railways over both Central and Eastern sections between 1948 and 1962 and justified the fitting of Automatic Warning System ( AWS ) equipment in 1959 alongside the N class . Withdrawal . Suitable work for the class began to decline under British Railways ownership after the widening of bridges and tunnels on the Hastings line , which enabled Bulleids powerful Q1 class 0-6-0 to be used on freight trains between Hastings and Tonbridge . Following the completion of the Kent Coast electrification in 1959 , the class was congregated at Tonbridge shed alongside members of the U1 class to haul local services throughout the Central section . The reduction of work over the Brighton main line and the prevalence of the N class precipitated another move to Stewarts Lane shed in London . However , with remaining work being allocated to Bulleids Light Pacifics , the class was withdrawn from service in November 1962 . Livery and numbering . SECR and Southern Railway . No . 822 was completed before Grouping , and initially ran in the SECRs unlined dark grey livery with white lettering and numbering . It was repainted at the same time as the resetting of the boiler pressure in June 1925 , in a dark olive green livery . The green was complemented with plain white lining , black borders and primrose yellow markings . This livery was also applied to the five locomotives built in 1930 . During the Second World War , when labour and paint were in short supply , the class was gradually repainted in matt black . The repainting took place during essential maintenance visits to Ashford works , and included the application of Bulleids Sunshine yellow block lettering and numerals on both tender and cabside . This livery was gradually replaced with gloss black between 1945 and 1947 . The prototype was constructed as part of a batch of 15 N class locomotives ordered by the SECR and became No . 822 within this series . When repainted to Maunsells dark olive green livery , a prefix A was applied to the number to denote a locomotive allocated for overhaul at Ashford . The five locomotives constructed by the Southern Railway between March and November 1930 were numbered A876–A880 . Shortly thereafter the prefix was dropped and 1000 added to the numbers as part of a general renumbering of Southern Railway locomotive stock ; thus on the rebuilding of the prototype in 1930 it became 1822 . The other five members of the class became Nos . 1876–1880 . British Railways . The class was absorbed by British Railways in 1948 , and like their N class counterparts were given the power classification 4MT in 1949 . Under British Railways ownership , the class was reclassified from 4MT to 4P5FB in 1953 ; the B denoting the brake power rating when used on unfitted ( non-vacuum braked ) goods trains . The locomotives at first retained their Southern Railway livery , but No . 1876 was the first locomotive to emerge from Ashford works with British Railways painted on the tender in Gill Sans lettering . From 1949 to 1950 N1 class locomotives were gradually repainted in the British Railways mixed-traffic lined black livery with red , cream and grey lining and the British Railways crest on the tender . Numbering was changed to the British Railways standard numbering system : the prototype became No . 31822 and the 1930 batch was allocated the series 31876–31880 . Operational assessment . The N1 was a capable class of mixed-traffic locomotive that could operate over the Southern Railways gauge-restricted routes and was noted by crews for its comfortable riding qualities . The class also provided Maunsell and his assistants with a precedent for other compact 3-cylinder locomotive designs and formed a mechanical template for the Southern Railways K1 class tank engine of 1925 . However , the prototype offered little improvement in performance over the N class when tested on non-restricted routes , which led to an initial reluctance within the management of the Southern Railway to authorise batch construction . This meant that the non-standard Holcroft valve gear proved expensive to maintain because of the consequent lack of spare parts . The use of three separate sets of valve gear on the 1930 batch eased maintenance and improved the standardisation of parts . The prototype was rebuilt to the same specification as the 1930 batch , creating a robust workhorse capable of a good turn of speed when working heavy passenger and freight trains . The revised valve gear layout was subsequently applied to the 3-cylinder U1 and V class designs . The relatively early withdrawal of the N1s pre-dated the era of preservationists buying withdrawn locomotives from scrap dealers or British Railways , and consequently no examples of the N1 class survived into preservation . References . Bibliography . - Banks , Chris : BR Locomotives 1955 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2001 ) , - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the L.B.&S.C.R. : part 3 ( London : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1974 ) - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( Leamington Spa : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1961 ) - Casserley , H.C . End of the Maunsell moguls—the Southern maids-of-all-work ( Railway World : 27 , 1966 ) , pp . 436–440 - Clarke , Jeremy : The locomotives of R.E.L . Maunsell , Part 3 : The Mogul family – SECR ( Steam World , 2008 ( 248 ) ) , pp . 38–41 - Haresnape , Brian : Maunsell Locomotives – a pictorial history ( Hinckley : Ian Allan Ltd , 1983 ) , - Holcroft , H. : Conjugated valve gears for locomotives : their history and development ( Engineer : 181 , 1946 ) , pp . 68–70 ; 192–193 - Holcroft , H. : Locomotive Adventure : Fifty Years With Steam 3rd edition ( London : Ian Allan Ltd , 1965 ) - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , winter 1958–59 edition - Langston , Keith : British Steam Preserved : Illustrated Comprehensive Listing of Ex-British Railways Steam Locomotives ( Horncastle : Mortons Media Group Ltd. , 2008 ) - Longworth , Hugh : British Railway Steam Locomotives : 1948–1968 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2005 ) - Middlemass , Tom : The Woolworths — Woolwich Arsenals tentative entry into main line locomotive building ( Backtrack , 1990 ( 4 ) ) , pp . 148–154 - New three-cylinder 2-6-0 type locomotives for the Southern Railway ( South Eastern & Chatham Section ) ( Railway Engineer : 44 , 1923 ) , pp . 140–143 - Reynolds , W.J. : The Maunsell moguls ( S.R . Railway Magazine , 1943 , 89 ) , pps . 155–8 ; 199–202 ; 279–282 - Rowledge , Peter : Maunsell Moguls ( Blandford Forum : The Oakwood Press , 1976 ) - Semmens , P.W.B. , Goldfinch , A.J. : How Steam Locomotives Really Work ( Oxford University Press : Oxford , 2000 ) - Scott-Morgan , John : Maunsell Locomotives ( Ian Allan Publishing : Hinckley , 2002 ) , - Whitehouse , Patrick & Thomas , David St.John : The Great Days of the Southern Railway ( London : Book Club Associates , 1992 ) Further reading . - Kirkland , R.K . The Woolwich Moguls- A locomotive family ( Trains Illustrated : 1951 , 4 ) , pp . 134–137 External links . - Southern e-group page : Maunsell N1 class 2-6-0 |
[
"Southern Railway"
] | easy | What operated SECR N1 class from 1923 to Dec 1947? | /wiki/SECR_N1_class#P137#1 | SECR N1 class The SECR N1 class was a type of 3-cylinder 2-6-0 ( mogul ) steam locomotive designed by Richard Maunsell for mixed traffic duties , initially on the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) , and later operated for the Southern Railway ( SR ) . The N1 was a development of the basic principles established by the Great Western Railways ( GWR ) Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) George Jackson Churchward and by Maunsells previous N class design . The N1 prototype was the result of modifications made to N class No . 822 during construction in 1922 . The locomotive became operational in 1923 and used parts interchangeable with other Maunsell locomotive classes . The prototype N1 was the only member of the class constructed before the SECR became part of the Southern Railway at the Grouping in 1923 , and featured a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear designed by Harold Holcroft . The class set the precedent for the Southern Railways subsequent 3-cylinder designs . The N1s compared favourably with the N class , although the type showed little improvement in performance . More of the class were built when it became clear that the types smaller cylinders provided greater route availability . A total of six engines were built . The N1 class was primarily used on the Eastern section of the Southern Railway network , and used by the Southern Region of British Railways ( BR ) from 1948 . The N1s gave valuable service until they were withdrawn in 1962 . None were preserved . Background . Richard Maunsells N class mixed-traffic 2-6-0 prototype for the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) was completed in 1917 . It showed a marked improvement in performance over his predecessor Harry Wainwrights 0-6-0 and 4-4-0 designs when tested on freight and local passenger trains . The success of the prototype encouraged the SECR management to order a batch of 15 in 1919 after government restrictions regulating locomotive production during the First World War were relaxed . Ashford locomotive works was already committed to undertaking deferred repair work however , which temporarily slowed construction of new locomotives . This resulted in the gradual completion of the 1919 N class order as works capacity permitted between 1920 and 1923 . Operational experience with the N class prototype demonstrated that it was capable of coping with peacetime passenger and freight traffic on the mainline between London and Ramsgate , but Maunsell anticipated an increase in traffic that would require a more powerful locomotive capable of hauling longer trains . The use of larger engines was prevented by low permitted axle loadings on parts of the SECR network , caused by economies in track construction by using flint beach pebbles as track ballast ; this material failed to hold the track in place when under strain and could not support heavy locomotives . In the meantime Maunsell settled upon producing a 3-cylinder version of the N class 2-6-0 , which provided the opportunity to test a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear developed by his assistant , Harold Holcroft . Design and construction . Maunsell and Holcroft completed plans for a new 3-cylinder locomotive in 1919 . Designated N1 , the new design was an attempt to increase the operational flexibility and power of the SECR 2-6-0 without substantially increasing axle loading . Holcrofts previous employment as an engineer involved with the GWRs 4300 class meant that the N1 used the same Churchward features as the N class to aid standardisation and the manufacture of parts . These included the use of long-travel valves for free running at speed , right-hand drive in the cab and driving wheels . The retention of the 2-6-0 wheel arrangement meant ample accommodation for the N class tapered boiler with Belpaire firebox . As with the N class , detail design on the N1 was left to another of Maunsells assistants , James Clayton , who brought functional Midland Railway influences to the design : the loading gauge-friendly shape of the cab , the tender and the large-diameter smokebox . The smokebox housed a large superheater , regulator valve and snifting ( anti-vacuum ) valves . The N1 also retained Walschaerts valve gear on both outside cylinders . The main design differences with the N class included the cab front , exhaust arrangements , and the addition of an extra ( inside ) cylinder between the frames to drive the centre driving axle . Clayton had revised the layout of the cab front spectacle plates ( small windows on the front of the cab ) to improve forward visibility . This incorporated two large single panes of glass either side of the boiler instead of the four smaller windows used on the N class . The inside cylinder was to be actuated by Holcrofts design of conjugated valve gear , which consisted of mechanical links fitted to both sets of outside Walschaerts gear , eliminating the need for a separate set of valve gear between the frames to operate the inside cylinder . The result would be a reduction in weight and the amount of mechanical equipment in this inaccessible part of the locomotive . Holcrofts valve gear design was also an attempt to address the problems associated with Gresleys conjugated valve gear , which was prone to variations in valve events caused by heat expansion of the valve spindles within the pistons . The design utilised the motion of the outside valve rods ( the rods transmitting the motion of the driving axles to the valves , such as the combination lever ) instead , although the restricted space between the back of the outside cylinders and the front driving wheels made it impossible to locate the rocking arms controlling the conjugating mechanism in the vicinity . Holcrofts solution was to move the mechanism to a position above the pony truck and ahead of the cylinders and link it to the outside valve rods with extension levers , which had to be accommodated within the strict SECR loading gauge tolerances . This necessitated a new design of cylinder block whereby the outside steam chests were set inwards and the size of the cylinders reduced to stroke and diameter . The sides of the outside cylinders consequently sloped inwards towards the top in a configuration similar to GWR 2-cylinder locomotives , thus providing ample space in which to accommodate the extension levers . The inside cylinder and conjugation assembly were set at an incline of 1 in 8 to clear the front pony truck , leaving space for a third set of independent Walschaerts valve gear between the frames should Holcrofts conjugation mechanism prove unreliable in service . Another issue concerned the strength of the locomotive frames around the cylinders . Taking inspiration from the 3-cylinder locomotives designed by Vincent Raven for the North Eastern Railway , Holcroft suggested that all three cylinders and associated steam passages should be cast in a single block , with rectangular holes cut into the frames to enable the outside cylinders to project through them . However , the SECRs established practice of using outside steam chests on locomotives with outside cylinders prevented this , and the design team resorted to cutting a gap in the frames to accommodate the outside cylinders , which were then secured in place with a bolted splice plate . Production limitations at the Ashford works foundry also prevented the manufacture of a single casting that incorporated all three cylinders . This meant that the cylinder castings were split into two sections , with the left and inside cylinders forming a single unit that would be bolted onto a separate right-hand cylinder casting . Holcrofts new cylinder block design also incorporated a separate saddle casting , a configuration that allowed the N1 cylinder patterns to be used with any diameter of smokebox , creating a standard component with potential applications on future locomotive designs . Prototype . The construction of the prototype at Ashford railway works was approved by the SECR management to commence in 1919 . However , Ashford works was heavily engaged in tackling a backlog of repair and maintenance work caused by government restrictions during the First World War with little spare capacity for new construction projects , particularly when approval for the construction of the N1 prototype coincided with a priority order for 15 2-cylinder N class locomotives . In consequence , the works backlog meant that only 12 N class locomotives were completed between June 1920 and October 1922 . Seeing little sign of an increase in production capacity at Ashford , Maunsell decided to construct the prototype N1 locomotive from parts intended for use on the next N class locomotive in the batch , No . 822 . The outside cylinders were exchanged for the N1 type , which had been machined at the GWRs Swindon railway works following casting at Ashford to quicken construction once the N class frames were modified to accept the new design of cylinder block . This produced a robust chassis capable of supporting both sets of Walschaerts and the Holcroft conjugated valve gear . The latter was provided with grease-gun lubrication points to ease maintenance . A distinguishing feature of the locomotive was the high-set N class boiler , which was pitched above the frames to accommodate the inside cylinder assembly , potentially exposing the conjugation mechanism to the elements . To prevent corrosion , Maunsell incorporated a vertical metal cover above the front buffer beam to protect the inside cylinder and valve gear assembly , the main visual difference from the N class . Maunsell and Holcroft anticipated that the standard N class chimney would choke the exhaust blast produced by the three cylinders . To mitigate this , a wider-diameter blastpipe was cast for the locomotive and a new smokebox fabricated to accommodate a wide-diameter cast chimney . The rest of the construction process followed the 1919 N1 specification , and the final three members of the order for 15 N class locomotives were built as intended . The N1 prototype was completed in December 1922 and attached to a standard Maunsell flat-sided Ashford N class tender . It entered service on 24 March 1923 and the boiler pressure was reduced from to for No . 822s fuel consumption to be compared with that of the 2-cylinder N class during trials . Southern Railway batch . The completion of No . 822 coincided with the absorption of the SECR into the newly created Southern Railway in the 1923 Grouping . Maunsell was appointed the CME of the new company and embarked upon a greatly expanded programme of fleet standardisation to replace the inherited pre-Grouping designs . In 1924 , No . 822 participated in a series of trials to compare the performance of the N , LSWR S15 and LB&SCR K classes when hauling freight trains of 65 loaded wagons between and . Despite achieving the lowest coal consumption per mile of all the designs tested , the N1 prototype cost more to maintain and displayed poor steaming qualities that affected timekeeping . After the trials , No . 822 remained the sole N1 until 1929 , when the Southern Railway ordered a batch of five locomotives ( Nos . A876–A880 ) . The intention was to increase the availability of the class to complement the newly introduced U1 class passenger locomotives on gauge-restricted routes . The batch was constructed at Ashford works and incorporated several refinements based upon operational experience with No . 822 and were given boilers set at . The other change was the discontinuation of the Holcroft valve gear because of the difficulty experienced in acquiring suitable spare parts for the prototype . The Southern Railway had also upgraded the permanent way on many of the former SECR routes by 1929 , removing many of the weight restrictions that inspired the use of the Holcroft gear in the first place . Maunsell was therefore free to use three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear driven by the centre driving wheels and the crank axle , a system that was easier to maintain due to the wide availability of parts . The new locomotives were completed between March and November 1930 . They were noticeably different from the prototype because the Holcroft conjugation mechanism above the outside cylinders was omitted , although the slab-front and angled profile of the outside cylinders was retained . Other variations included a set of footsteps beneath the front buffer beam , reversion to the N class cast chimney design and a revised dome that incorporated the regulator to ease access during routine maintenance . Once complete , Nos . A876–A880 were attached to flat-sided tenders to increase operational range over the Southern Railways longer Eastern section routes . No further N1 locomotives were ordered after the completion of No . A880 as the mechanically similar U1 class was capable of undertaking a broader range of tasks . Although intended for intermediate passenger work , the latters driving wheels were of little disadvantage when used on slower freight duties . Operational details . The N1 class prototype was initially based at Bricklayers Arms shed for tests on services over the Eastern section . No . 822 became a familiar sight on freight workings between the Hither Green marshalling yard and and on passenger trains between and , as increased train lengths on these duties had taxed the ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0 designs . This allocation also provided an opportunity for comparing performance against the 2-cylinder N class . The tests were complete by December 1923 and No . 822 was moved to Ashford shed and used on passenger services to Charing Cross . In 1925 , No . 822 was re-allocated to Bricklayers Arms shed from where it was used on the gauge-restricted Tonbridge–Hastings line for the first time . No . 822 proved ideal for this line but was again re-allocated to for trials over the difficult undulating route to in 1928 . Despite the high maintenance costs and steaming difficulties revealed during the 1924 freight trials , the N1 prototype compared favourably against the N class , allowing the Southern Railways management to order the final five locomotives in 1929 . Nos . A876–A880 were initially allocated to the Central section shed at , from where they were regularly used on through expresses from the LMS between and Brighton and services to Hastings and . Three of the class were moved to Tonbridge shed in 1931 to operate over the Hastings line whilst the other three remained at New Cross . The class was re-allocated in 1935 with three based at Eastbourne on the Central section to haul through trains to the GWR and the London , Midland and Scottish Railway ( LMS ) . By 1939 the class was divided between New Cross , Stewarts Lane and Tonbridge sheds . As with the preceding N class , the N1s were capable of hauling heavy loads at moderate speeds , a useful attribute that was exploited throughout the Second World War . They were mostly used on freight trains on both Central and Eastern sections although No . 1822 was recorded hauling a 17–carriage troop special over the Redhill to Reading line in April 1942 . The entire class operated in the Hastings area during the build-up to Operation Overlord in 1944 . On 3 May , No . 1878 was targeted by a German fighter near but was undamaged . The entire class came into British Railways ownership in 1948 and was used on the Southern Region . Performance of the N1 class and modifications . As a development of the N class , the N1 class represented the next step forward for the British 2-6-0 concept , creating a capable workhorse equally adept at hauling passenger and freight traffic . The prototype proved economical in service as it used 10 percent less coal than the N class , but used 11 percent more water . However , the N1 design proved capable of fast speeds ; No . 822 reached during trials between Charing Cross and Tonbridge in 1923 . Once run-in , No . 822 became popular amongst its regular crews as they favoured the way the three cylinders balanced cyclic forces on the driving axle . This resulted in improved riding characteristics on the footplate at low speeds whilst reducing mechanical wear and the effect of hammerblow on the track . The Holcroft valve gear also meant that No . 822 was a comparatively light locomotive that could be used on weight-restricted routes . Although successful at overcoming the problems associated with the Gresley conjugated valve gear , the Holcroft variant used on No . 822 suffered under a poor maintenance regime caused by the difficulty and expense of producing non-standard spare parts at Ashford works . The main problems associated with the Holcroft gear included inadequate lubrication of the moving parts and the whipping of the conjugation levers connecting the inside cylinder to the outside motion while running at high speeds , which caused uneven steam distribution to the cylinders . In this respect , the N1 prototype offered little advantage over the simpler 2-cylinder Ns and the locomotive was rarely used on long-distance runs on the Western section . Few modifications were made to the prototype before 1929 , although boiler pressure was increased to the full operating pressure in June 1925 . The introduction of Nos . A876–A880 into service allowed No . A822 to be withdrawn for rebuilding with three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear in August 1931 . Other modifications included moving the regulator valve from the smokebox to a new N class-type dome to ease access during routine maintenance and the addition of a front footstep behind the bufferbeam . Despite the opportunity to upgrade to the tender attached to the new class members , No . A822 retained its smaller-capacity flat-sided Ashford tender . The result of the various modifications was a heavier locomotive , although it now benefited from upgraded track on the Eastern section and the interchange of standardised parts that reduced the time needed to complete repairs . The rebuilt locomotive emerged from Ashford works as No . 1822 in October 1931 . Although the N1s displayed little overall improvement over the N class , they proved ideal for the gauge-restricted Hastings route , where their narrower profile allowed them to operate through narrow bridges and tunnels , and their power enabled them to haul heavier trains than the predominant ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0s . The last modification of the class undertaken by Maunsell was the gradual introduction of small smoke deflector plates from 1934 . These were fitted to improve driver visibility as a result of smoke deflection experiments made on the King Arthur class between 1926 and 1927 . Maunsell retired from the Southern Railway in 1937 and his replacement was Oliver Bulleid . Despite making various modifications to the steam circuit on other Maunsell classes , Bulleid saw no reason to make such drastic alterations to the N1 class . As a result , the final set of modifications made under Southern Railway ownership was made after the Second World War and included the removal of superfluous smokebox-mounted anti-vacuum snifting valves and the replacement of the wide-diameter N1 chimney with the U1 type to improve draughting on the prototype ; the standard N class chimneys of the other five were also replaced . The class was well-used by British Railways over both Central and Eastern sections between 1948 and 1962 and justified the fitting of Automatic Warning System ( AWS ) equipment in 1959 alongside the N class . Withdrawal . Suitable work for the class began to decline under British Railways ownership after the widening of bridges and tunnels on the Hastings line , which enabled Bulleids powerful Q1 class 0-6-0 to be used on freight trains between Hastings and Tonbridge . Following the completion of the Kent Coast electrification in 1959 , the class was congregated at Tonbridge shed alongside members of the U1 class to haul local services throughout the Central section . The reduction of work over the Brighton main line and the prevalence of the N class precipitated another move to Stewarts Lane shed in London . However , with remaining work being allocated to Bulleids Light Pacifics , the class was withdrawn from service in November 1962 . Livery and numbering . SECR and Southern Railway . No . 822 was completed before Grouping , and initially ran in the SECRs unlined dark grey livery with white lettering and numbering . It was repainted at the same time as the resetting of the boiler pressure in June 1925 , in a dark olive green livery . The green was complemented with plain white lining , black borders and primrose yellow markings . This livery was also applied to the five locomotives built in 1930 . During the Second World War , when labour and paint were in short supply , the class was gradually repainted in matt black . The repainting took place during essential maintenance visits to Ashford works , and included the application of Bulleids Sunshine yellow block lettering and numerals on both tender and cabside . This livery was gradually replaced with gloss black between 1945 and 1947 . The prototype was constructed as part of a batch of 15 N class locomotives ordered by the SECR and became No . 822 within this series . When repainted to Maunsells dark olive green livery , a prefix A was applied to the number to denote a locomotive allocated for overhaul at Ashford . The five locomotives constructed by the Southern Railway between March and November 1930 were numbered A876–A880 . Shortly thereafter the prefix was dropped and 1000 added to the numbers as part of a general renumbering of Southern Railway locomotive stock ; thus on the rebuilding of the prototype in 1930 it became 1822 . The other five members of the class became Nos . 1876–1880 . British Railways . The class was absorbed by British Railways in 1948 , and like their N class counterparts were given the power classification 4MT in 1949 . Under British Railways ownership , the class was reclassified from 4MT to 4P5FB in 1953 ; the B denoting the brake power rating when used on unfitted ( non-vacuum braked ) goods trains . The locomotives at first retained their Southern Railway livery , but No . 1876 was the first locomotive to emerge from Ashford works with British Railways painted on the tender in Gill Sans lettering . From 1949 to 1950 N1 class locomotives were gradually repainted in the British Railways mixed-traffic lined black livery with red , cream and grey lining and the British Railways crest on the tender . Numbering was changed to the British Railways standard numbering system : the prototype became No . 31822 and the 1930 batch was allocated the series 31876–31880 . Operational assessment . The N1 was a capable class of mixed-traffic locomotive that could operate over the Southern Railways gauge-restricted routes and was noted by crews for its comfortable riding qualities . The class also provided Maunsell and his assistants with a precedent for other compact 3-cylinder locomotive designs and formed a mechanical template for the Southern Railways K1 class tank engine of 1925 . However , the prototype offered little improvement in performance over the N class when tested on non-restricted routes , which led to an initial reluctance within the management of the Southern Railway to authorise batch construction . This meant that the non-standard Holcroft valve gear proved expensive to maintain because of the consequent lack of spare parts . The use of three separate sets of valve gear on the 1930 batch eased maintenance and improved the standardisation of parts . The prototype was rebuilt to the same specification as the 1930 batch , creating a robust workhorse capable of a good turn of speed when working heavy passenger and freight trains . The revised valve gear layout was subsequently applied to the 3-cylinder U1 and V class designs . The relatively early withdrawal of the N1s pre-dated the era of preservationists buying withdrawn locomotives from scrap dealers or British Railways , and consequently no examples of the N1 class survived into preservation . References . Bibliography . - Banks , Chris : BR Locomotives 1955 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2001 ) , - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the L.B.&S.C.R. : part 3 ( London : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1974 ) - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( Leamington Spa : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1961 ) - Casserley , H.C . End of the Maunsell moguls—the Southern maids-of-all-work ( Railway World : 27 , 1966 ) , pp . 436–440 - Clarke , Jeremy : The locomotives of R.E.L . Maunsell , Part 3 : The Mogul family – SECR ( Steam World , 2008 ( 248 ) ) , pp . 38–41 - Haresnape , Brian : Maunsell Locomotives – a pictorial history ( Hinckley : Ian Allan Ltd , 1983 ) , - Holcroft , H. : Conjugated valve gears for locomotives : their history and development ( Engineer : 181 , 1946 ) , pp . 68–70 ; 192–193 - Holcroft , H. : Locomotive Adventure : Fifty Years With Steam 3rd edition ( London : Ian Allan Ltd , 1965 ) - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , winter 1958–59 edition - Langston , Keith : British Steam Preserved : Illustrated Comprehensive Listing of Ex-British Railways Steam Locomotives ( Horncastle : Mortons Media Group Ltd. , 2008 ) - Longworth , Hugh : British Railway Steam Locomotives : 1948–1968 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2005 ) - Middlemass , Tom : The Woolworths — Woolwich Arsenals tentative entry into main line locomotive building ( Backtrack , 1990 ( 4 ) ) , pp . 148–154 - New three-cylinder 2-6-0 type locomotives for the Southern Railway ( South Eastern & Chatham Section ) ( Railway Engineer : 44 , 1923 ) , pp . 140–143 - Reynolds , W.J. : The Maunsell moguls ( S.R . Railway Magazine , 1943 , 89 ) , pps . 155–8 ; 199–202 ; 279–282 - Rowledge , Peter : Maunsell Moguls ( Blandford Forum : The Oakwood Press , 1976 ) - Semmens , P.W.B. , Goldfinch , A.J. : How Steam Locomotives Really Work ( Oxford University Press : Oxford , 2000 ) - Scott-Morgan , John : Maunsell Locomotives ( Ian Allan Publishing : Hinckley , 2002 ) , - Whitehouse , Patrick & Thomas , David St.John : The Great Days of the Southern Railway ( London : Book Club Associates , 1992 ) Further reading . - Kirkland , R.K . The Woolwich Moguls- A locomotive family ( Trains Illustrated : 1951 , 4 ) , pp . 134–137 External links . - Southern e-group page : Maunsell N1 class 2-6-0 |
[
"Southern Region of British Railways"
] | easy | What was the operator of SECR N1 class from 1948 to 1962? | /wiki/SECR_N1_class#P137#2 | SECR N1 class The SECR N1 class was a type of 3-cylinder 2-6-0 ( mogul ) steam locomotive designed by Richard Maunsell for mixed traffic duties , initially on the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) , and later operated for the Southern Railway ( SR ) . The N1 was a development of the basic principles established by the Great Western Railways ( GWR ) Chief Mechanical Engineer ( CME ) George Jackson Churchward and by Maunsells previous N class design . The N1 prototype was the result of modifications made to N class No . 822 during construction in 1922 . The locomotive became operational in 1923 and used parts interchangeable with other Maunsell locomotive classes . The prototype N1 was the only member of the class constructed before the SECR became part of the Southern Railway at the Grouping in 1923 , and featured a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear designed by Harold Holcroft . The class set the precedent for the Southern Railways subsequent 3-cylinder designs . The N1s compared favourably with the N class , although the type showed little improvement in performance . More of the class were built when it became clear that the types smaller cylinders provided greater route availability . A total of six engines were built . The N1 class was primarily used on the Eastern section of the Southern Railway network , and used by the Southern Region of British Railways ( BR ) from 1948 . The N1s gave valuable service until they were withdrawn in 1962 . None were preserved . Background . Richard Maunsells N class mixed-traffic 2-6-0 prototype for the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( SECR ) was completed in 1917 . It showed a marked improvement in performance over his predecessor Harry Wainwrights 0-6-0 and 4-4-0 designs when tested on freight and local passenger trains . The success of the prototype encouraged the SECR management to order a batch of 15 in 1919 after government restrictions regulating locomotive production during the First World War were relaxed . Ashford locomotive works was already committed to undertaking deferred repair work however , which temporarily slowed construction of new locomotives . This resulted in the gradual completion of the 1919 N class order as works capacity permitted between 1920 and 1923 . Operational experience with the N class prototype demonstrated that it was capable of coping with peacetime passenger and freight traffic on the mainline between London and Ramsgate , but Maunsell anticipated an increase in traffic that would require a more powerful locomotive capable of hauling longer trains . The use of larger engines was prevented by low permitted axle loadings on parts of the SECR network , caused by economies in track construction by using flint beach pebbles as track ballast ; this material failed to hold the track in place when under strain and could not support heavy locomotives . In the meantime Maunsell settled upon producing a 3-cylinder version of the N class 2-6-0 , which provided the opportunity to test a variant of the Gresley conjugated valve gear developed by his assistant , Harold Holcroft . Design and construction . Maunsell and Holcroft completed plans for a new 3-cylinder locomotive in 1919 . Designated N1 , the new design was an attempt to increase the operational flexibility and power of the SECR 2-6-0 without substantially increasing axle loading . Holcrofts previous employment as an engineer involved with the GWRs 4300 class meant that the N1 used the same Churchward features as the N class to aid standardisation and the manufacture of parts . These included the use of long-travel valves for free running at speed , right-hand drive in the cab and driving wheels . The retention of the 2-6-0 wheel arrangement meant ample accommodation for the N class tapered boiler with Belpaire firebox . As with the N class , detail design on the N1 was left to another of Maunsells assistants , James Clayton , who brought functional Midland Railway influences to the design : the loading gauge-friendly shape of the cab , the tender and the large-diameter smokebox . The smokebox housed a large superheater , regulator valve and snifting ( anti-vacuum ) valves . The N1 also retained Walschaerts valve gear on both outside cylinders . The main design differences with the N class included the cab front , exhaust arrangements , and the addition of an extra ( inside ) cylinder between the frames to drive the centre driving axle . Clayton had revised the layout of the cab front spectacle plates ( small windows on the front of the cab ) to improve forward visibility . This incorporated two large single panes of glass either side of the boiler instead of the four smaller windows used on the N class . The inside cylinder was to be actuated by Holcrofts design of conjugated valve gear , which consisted of mechanical links fitted to both sets of outside Walschaerts gear , eliminating the need for a separate set of valve gear between the frames to operate the inside cylinder . The result would be a reduction in weight and the amount of mechanical equipment in this inaccessible part of the locomotive . Holcrofts valve gear design was also an attempt to address the problems associated with Gresleys conjugated valve gear , which was prone to variations in valve events caused by heat expansion of the valve spindles within the pistons . The design utilised the motion of the outside valve rods ( the rods transmitting the motion of the driving axles to the valves , such as the combination lever ) instead , although the restricted space between the back of the outside cylinders and the front driving wheels made it impossible to locate the rocking arms controlling the conjugating mechanism in the vicinity . Holcrofts solution was to move the mechanism to a position above the pony truck and ahead of the cylinders and link it to the outside valve rods with extension levers , which had to be accommodated within the strict SECR loading gauge tolerances . This necessitated a new design of cylinder block whereby the outside steam chests were set inwards and the size of the cylinders reduced to stroke and diameter . The sides of the outside cylinders consequently sloped inwards towards the top in a configuration similar to GWR 2-cylinder locomotives , thus providing ample space in which to accommodate the extension levers . The inside cylinder and conjugation assembly were set at an incline of 1 in 8 to clear the front pony truck , leaving space for a third set of independent Walschaerts valve gear between the frames should Holcrofts conjugation mechanism prove unreliable in service . Another issue concerned the strength of the locomotive frames around the cylinders . Taking inspiration from the 3-cylinder locomotives designed by Vincent Raven for the North Eastern Railway , Holcroft suggested that all three cylinders and associated steam passages should be cast in a single block , with rectangular holes cut into the frames to enable the outside cylinders to project through them . However , the SECRs established practice of using outside steam chests on locomotives with outside cylinders prevented this , and the design team resorted to cutting a gap in the frames to accommodate the outside cylinders , which were then secured in place with a bolted splice plate . Production limitations at the Ashford works foundry also prevented the manufacture of a single casting that incorporated all three cylinders . This meant that the cylinder castings were split into two sections , with the left and inside cylinders forming a single unit that would be bolted onto a separate right-hand cylinder casting . Holcrofts new cylinder block design also incorporated a separate saddle casting , a configuration that allowed the N1 cylinder patterns to be used with any diameter of smokebox , creating a standard component with potential applications on future locomotive designs . Prototype . The construction of the prototype at Ashford railway works was approved by the SECR management to commence in 1919 . However , Ashford works was heavily engaged in tackling a backlog of repair and maintenance work caused by government restrictions during the First World War with little spare capacity for new construction projects , particularly when approval for the construction of the N1 prototype coincided with a priority order for 15 2-cylinder N class locomotives . In consequence , the works backlog meant that only 12 N class locomotives were completed between June 1920 and October 1922 . Seeing little sign of an increase in production capacity at Ashford , Maunsell decided to construct the prototype N1 locomotive from parts intended for use on the next N class locomotive in the batch , No . 822 . The outside cylinders were exchanged for the N1 type , which had been machined at the GWRs Swindon railway works following casting at Ashford to quicken construction once the N class frames were modified to accept the new design of cylinder block . This produced a robust chassis capable of supporting both sets of Walschaerts and the Holcroft conjugated valve gear . The latter was provided with grease-gun lubrication points to ease maintenance . A distinguishing feature of the locomotive was the high-set N class boiler , which was pitched above the frames to accommodate the inside cylinder assembly , potentially exposing the conjugation mechanism to the elements . To prevent corrosion , Maunsell incorporated a vertical metal cover above the front buffer beam to protect the inside cylinder and valve gear assembly , the main visual difference from the N class . Maunsell and Holcroft anticipated that the standard N class chimney would choke the exhaust blast produced by the three cylinders . To mitigate this , a wider-diameter blastpipe was cast for the locomotive and a new smokebox fabricated to accommodate a wide-diameter cast chimney . The rest of the construction process followed the 1919 N1 specification , and the final three members of the order for 15 N class locomotives were built as intended . The N1 prototype was completed in December 1922 and attached to a standard Maunsell flat-sided Ashford N class tender . It entered service on 24 March 1923 and the boiler pressure was reduced from to for No . 822s fuel consumption to be compared with that of the 2-cylinder N class during trials . Southern Railway batch . The completion of No . 822 coincided with the absorption of the SECR into the newly created Southern Railway in the 1923 Grouping . Maunsell was appointed the CME of the new company and embarked upon a greatly expanded programme of fleet standardisation to replace the inherited pre-Grouping designs . In 1924 , No . 822 participated in a series of trials to compare the performance of the N , LSWR S15 and LB&SCR K classes when hauling freight trains of 65 loaded wagons between and . Despite achieving the lowest coal consumption per mile of all the designs tested , the N1 prototype cost more to maintain and displayed poor steaming qualities that affected timekeeping . After the trials , No . 822 remained the sole N1 until 1929 , when the Southern Railway ordered a batch of five locomotives ( Nos . A876–A880 ) . The intention was to increase the availability of the class to complement the newly introduced U1 class passenger locomotives on gauge-restricted routes . The batch was constructed at Ashford works and incorporated several refinements based upon operational experience with No . 822 and were given boilers set at . The other change was the discontinuation of the Holcroft valve gear because of the difficulty experienced in acquiring suitable spare parts for the prototype . The Southern Railway had also upgraded the permanent way on many of the former SECR routes by 1929 , removing many of the weight restrictions that inspired the use of the Holcroft gear in the first place . Maunsell was therefore free to use three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear driven by the centre driving wheels and the crank axle , a system that was easier to maintain due to the wide availability of parts . The new locomotives were completed between March and November 1930 . They were noticeably different from the prototype because the Holcroft conjugation mechanism above the outside cylinders was omitted , although the slab-front and angled profile of the outside cylinders was retained . Other variations included a set of footsteps beneath the front buffer beam , reversion to the N class cast chimney design and a revised dome that incorporated the regulator to ease access during routine maintenance . Once complete , Nos . A876–A880 were attached to flat-sided tenders to increase operational range over the Southern Railways longer Eastern section routes . No further N1 locomotives were ordered after the completion of No . A880 as the mechanically similar U1 class was capable of undertaking a broader range of tasks . Although intended for intermediate passenger work , the latters driving wheels were of little disadvantage when used on slower freight duties . Operational details . The N1 class prototype was initially based at Bricklayers Arms shed for tests on services over the Eastern section . No . 822 became a familiar sight on freight workings between the Hither Green marshalling yard and and on passenger trains between and , as increased train lengths on these duties had taxed the ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0 designs . This allocation also provided an opportunity for comparing performance against the 2-cylinder N class . The tests were complete by December 1923 and No . 822 was moved to Ashford shed and used on passenger services to Charing Cross . In 1925 , No . 822 was re-allocated to Bricklayers Arms shed from where it was used on the gauge-restricted Tonbridge–Hastings line for the first time . No . 822 proved ideal for this line but was again re-allocated to for trials over the difficult undulating route to in 1928 . Despite the high maintenance costs and steaming difficulties revealed during the 1924 freight trials , the N1 prototype compared favourably against the N class , allowing the Southern Railways management to order the final five locomotives in 1929 . Nos . A876–A880 were initially allocated to the Central section shed at , from where they were regularly used on through expresses from the LMS between and Brighton and services to Hastings and . Three of the class were moved to Tonbridge shed in 1931 to operate over the Hastings line whilst the other three remained at New Cross . The class was re-allocated in 1935 with three based at Eastbourne on the Central section to haul through trains to the GWR and the London , Midland and Scottish Railway ( LMS ) . By 1939 the class was divided between New Cross , Stewarts Lane and Tonbridge sheds . As with the preceding N class , the N1s were capable of hauling heavy loads at moderate speeds , a useful attribute that was exploited throughout the Second World War . They were mostly used on freight trains on both Central and Eastern sections although No . 1822 was recorded hauling a 17–carriage troop special over the Redhill to Reading line in April 1942 . The entire class operated in the Hastings area during the build-up to Operation Overlord in 1944 . On 3 May , No . 1878 was targeted by a German fighter near but was undamaged . The entire class came into British Railways ownership in 1948 and was used on the Southern Region . Performance of the N1 class and modifications . As a development of the N class , the N1 class represented the next step forward for the British 2-6-0 concept , creating a capable workhorse equally adept at hauling passenger and freight traffic . The prototype proved economical in service as it used 10 percent less coal than the N class , but used 11 percent more water . However , the N1 design proved capable of fast speeds ; No . 822 reached during trials between Charing Cross and Tonbridge in 1923 . Once run-in , No . 822 became popular amongst its regular crews as they favoured the way the three cylinders balanced cyclic forces on the driving axle . This resulted in improved riding characteristics on the footplate at low speeds whilst reducing mechanical wear and the effect of hammerblow on the track . The Holcroft valve gear also meant that No . 822 was a comparatively light locomotive that could be used on weight-restricted routes . Although successful at overcoming the problems associated with the Gresley conjugated valve gear , the Holcroft variant used on No . 822 suffered under a poor maintenance regime caused by the difficulty and expense of producing non-standard spare parts at Ashford works . The main problems associated with the Holcroft gear included inadequate lubrication of the moving parts and the whipping of the conjugation levers connecting the inside cylinder to the outside motion while running at high speeds , which caused uneven steam distribution to the cylinders . In this respect , the N1 prototype offered little advantage over the simpler 2-cylinder Ns and the locomotive was rarely used on long-distance runs on the Western section . Few modifications were made to the prototype before 1929 , although boiler pressure was increased to the full operating pressure in June 1925 . The introduction of Nos . A876–A880 into service allowed No . A822 to be withdrawn for rebuilding with three separate sets of Walschaerts valve gear in August 1931 . Other modifications included moving the regulator valve from the smokebox to a new N class-type dome to ease access during routine maintenance and the addition of a front footstep behind the bufferbeam . Despite the opportunity to upgrade to the tender attached to the new class members , No . A822 retained its smaller-capacity flat-sided Ashford tender . The result of the various modifications was a heavier locomotive , although it now benefited from upgraded track on the Eastern section and the interchange of standardised parts that reduced the time needed to complete repairs . The rebuilt locomotive emerged from Ashford works as No . 1822 in October 1931 . Although the N1s displayed little overall improvement over the N class , they proved ideal for the gauge-restricted Hastings route , where their narrower profile allowed them to operate through narrow bridges and tunnels , and their power enabled them to haul heavier trains than the predominant ex-SECR 4-4-0 and 0-6-0s . The last modification of the class undertaken by Maunsell was the gradual introduction of small smoke deflector plates from 1934 . These were fitted to improve driver visibility as a result of smoke deflection experiments made on the King Arthur class between 1926 and 1927 . Maunsell retired from the Southern Railway in 1937 and his replacement was Oliver Bulleid . Despite making various modifications to the steam circuit on other Maunsell classes , Bulleid saw no reason to make such drastic alterations to the N1 class . As a result , the final set of modifications made under Southern Railway ownership was made after the Second World War and included the removal of superfluous smokebox-mounted anti-vacuum snifting valves and the replacement of the wide-diameter N1 chimney with the U1 type to improve draughting on the prototype ; the standard N class chimneys of the other five were also replaced . The class was well-used by British Railways over both Central and Eastern sections between 1948 and 1962 and justified the fitting of Automatic Warning System ( AWS ) equipment in 1959 alongside the N class . Withdrawal . Suitable work for the class began to decline under British Railways ownership after the widening of bridges and tunnels on the Hastings line , which enabled Bulleids powerful Q1 class 0-6-0 to be used on freight trains between Hastings and Tonbridge . Following the completion of the Kent Coast electrification in 1959 , the class was congregated at Tonbridge shed alongside members of the U1 class to haul local services throughout the Central section . The reduction of work over the Brighton main line and the prevalence of the N class precipitated another move to Stewarts Lane shed in London . However , with remaining work being allocated to Bulleids Light Pacifics , the class was withdrawn from service in November 1962 . Livery and numbering . SECR and Southern Railway . No . 822 was completed before Grouping , and initially ran in the SECRs unlined dark grey livery with white lettering and numbering . It was repainted at the same time as the resetting of the boiler pressure in June 1925 , in a dark olive green livery . The green was complemented with plain white lining , black borders and primrose yellow markings . This livery was also applied to the five locomotives built in 1930 . During the Second World War , when labour and paint were in short supply , the class was gradually repainted in matt black . The repainting took place during essential maintenance visits to Ashford works , and included the application of Bulleids Sunshine yellow block lettering and numerals on both tender and cabside . This livery was gradually replaced with gloss black between 1945 and 1947 . The prototype was constructed as part of a batch of 15 N class locomotives ordered by the SECR and became No . 822 within this series . When repainted to Maunsells dark olive green livery , a prefix A was applied to the number to denote a locomotive allocated for overhaul at Ashford . The five locomotives constructed by the Southern Railway between March and November 1930 were numbered A876–A880 . Shortly thereafter the prefix was dropped and 1000 added to the numbers as part of a general renumbering of Southern Railway locomotive stock ; thus on the rebuilding of the prototype in 1930 it became 1822 . The other five members of the class became Nos . 1876–1880 . British Railways . The class was absorbed by British Railways in 1948 , and like their N class counterparts were given the power classification 4MT in 1949 . Under British Railways ownership , the class was reclassified from 4MT to 4P5FB in 1953 ; the B denoting the brake power rating when used on unfitted ( non-vacuum braked ) goods trains . The locomotives at first retained their Southern Railway livery , but No . 1876 was the first locomotive to emerge from Ashford works with British Railways painted on the tender in Gill Sans lettering . From 1949 to 1950 N1 class locomotives were gradually repainted in the British Railways mixed-traffic lined black livery with red , cream and grey lining and the British Railways crest on the tender . Numbering was changed to the British Railways standard numbering system : the prototype became No . 31822 and the 1930 batch was allocated the series 31876–31880 . Operational assessment . The N1 was a capable class of mixed-traffic locomotive that could operate over the Southern Railways gauge-restricted routes and was noted by crews for its comfortable riding qualities . The class also provided Maunsell and his assistants with a precedent for other compact 3-cylinder locomotive designs and formed a mechanical template for the Southern Railways K1 class tank engine of 1925 . However , the prototype offered little improvement in performance over the N class when tested on non-restricted routes , which led to an initial reluctance within the management of the Southern Railway to authorise batch construction . This meant that the non-standard Holcroft valve gear proved expensive to maintain because of the consequent lack of spare parts . The use of three separate sets of valve gear on the 1930 batch eased maintenance and improved the standardisation of parts . The prototype was rebuilt to the same specification as the 1930 batch , creating a robust workhorse capable of a good turn of speed when working heavy passenger and freight trains . The revised valve gear layout was subsequently applied to the 3-cylinder U1 and V class designs . The relatively early withdrawal of the N1s pre-dated the era of preservationists buying withdrawn locomotives from scrap dealers or British Railways , and consequently no examples of the N1 class survived into preservation . References . Bibliography . - Banks , Chris : BR Locomotives 1955 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2001 ) , - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the L.B.&S.C.R. : part 3 ( London : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1974 ) - Bradley , D . L. : The Locomotives of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway ( Leamington Spa : Railway Correspondence and Travel Society , 1961 ) - Casserley , H.C . End of the Maunsell moguls—the Southern maids-of-all-work ( Railway World : 27 , 1966 ) , pp . 436–440 - Clarke , Jeremy : The locomotives of R.E.L . Maunsell , Part 3 : The Mogul family – SECR ( Steam World , 2008 ( 248 ) ) , pp . 38–41 - Haresnape , Brian : Maunsell Locomotives – a pictorial history ( Hinckley : Ian Allan Ltd , 1983 ) , - Holcroft , H. : Conjugated valve gears for locomotives : their history and development ( Engineer : 181 , 1946 ) , pp . 68–70 ; 192–193 - Holcroft , H. : Locomotive Adventure : Fifty Years With Steam 3rd edition ( London : Ian Allan Ltd , 1965 ) - Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives , winter 1958–59 edition - Langston , Keith : British Steam Preserved : Illustrated Comprehensive Listing of Ex-British Railways Steam Locomotives ( Horncastle : Mortons Media Group Ltd. , 2008 ) - Longworth , Hugh : British Railway Steam Locomotives : 1948–1968 ( Oxford Publishing Company : Oxford , 2005 ) - Middlemass , Tom : The Woolworths — Woolwich Arsenals tentative entry into main line locomotive building ( Backtrack , 1990 ( 4 ) ) , pp . 148–154 - New three-cylinder 2-6-0 type locomotives for the Southern Railway ( South Eastern & Chatham Section ) ( Railway Engineer : 44 , 1923 ) , pp . 140–143 - Reynolds , W.J. : The Maunsell moguls ( S.R . Railway Magazine , 1943 , 89 ) , pps . 155–8 ; 199–202 ; 279–282 - Rowledge , Peter : Maunsell Moguls ( Blandford Forum : The Oakwood Press , 1976 ) - Semmens , P.W.B. , Goldfinch , A.J. : How Steam Locomotives Really Work ( Oxford University Press : Oxford , 2000 ) - Scott-Morgan , John : Maunsell Locomotives ( Ian Allan Publishing : Hinckley , 2002 ) , - Whitehouse , Patrick & Thomas , David St.John : The Great Days of the Southern Railway ( London : Book Club Associates , 1992 ) Further reading . - Kirkland , R.K . The Woolwich Moguls- A locomotive family ( Trains Illustrated : 1951 , 4 ) , pp . 134–137 External links . - Southern e-group page : Maunsell N1 class 2-6-0 |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Parliamentary Private Secretary"
] | easy | What position did Des Browne take from May 1997 to May 2001? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#0 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Parliamentary Under Secretary of State",
"Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions"
] | easy | Des Browne took which position from Jun 2001 to Apr 2004? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#1 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"minister with responsibility for immigration"
] | easy | What position did Des Browne take from Apr 2004 to Apr 2005? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#2 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Chief Secretary to the Treasury",
"Member of the Privy Council"
] | easy | Which position did Des Browne hold in May 2005? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#3 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Chief Secretary to the Treasury"
] | easy | What was the position of Des Browne from May 2005 to May 2006? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#4 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Secretary of State for Defence"
] | easy | What was the position of Des Browne from May 2006 to Jun 2007? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#5 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun",
"Secretary of State for Defence",
"Secretary of State for Scotland"
] | easy | Des Browne took which position from Jun 2007 to Oct 2008? | /wiki/Des_Browne#P39#6 | Des Browne Desmond Henry Browne , Baron Browne of Ladyton , ( born 22 March 1952 ) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Kilmarnock and Loudoun from 1997 to 2010 . He was a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , until the latter moved him from both Defence and Scottish Secretary in 2008 . Early life and education . Browne was born in Kilwinning , North Ayrshire , lived in Stevenston for the early part of his life , and was educated at the Catholic St Michaels Academy in Kilwinning and later at the University of Glasgow , where he received a degree in law . Legal career . He started his legal career in 1974 as an apprentice solicitor with the firm James Campbell & Co . On qualifying in 1976 he became an assistant solicitor with Ross , Harper and Murphy , and was promoted to partner in 1980 . He became a partner in McCluskey Browne in 1985 , and was a council member of the Law Society of Scotland from 1988 to 1992 . He was admitted as an advocate in 1993 , practising at the Scottish bar until 1997 . He worked mainly in child law . Parliamentary career . Browne contested the parliamentary seat of Argyll and Bute at the 1992 general election , and finished in fourth place behind the sitting Liberal Democrat MP Ray Michie . He was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1993 . Browne was selected to contest the safe Labour seat of Kilmarnock and Loudoun following the retirement of the sitting MP William McKelvey . Browne won the seat at the 1997 general election with a majority of 7,256 . He made his maiden speech on 20 June 1997 . Browne joined the Northern Ireland Affairs Select Committee on his election , and became the Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS ) to the Secretary of State for Scotland Donald Dewar in 1998 . After Dewar left the Cabinet in 1999 , to seek election as the First Minister of Scotland , Browne remained in post as PPS to the new Secretary of State John Reid . In 2000 he became the PPS to the Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office . On 27 November 2009 , Browne announced his intention not to seek election in the 2010 general election . Government minister . After the 2001 general election Browne entered Tony Blairs government as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Northern Ireland Office . He was promoted to Minister of State at the Department for Work and Pensions in 2003 , before moving to the Home Office in 2004 as the minister with responsibility for immigration . He joined the Cabinet following the 2005 general election as the Chief Secretary to the Treasury , and became a Member of the Privy Council . Browne was appointed Secretary of State for Defence on 5 May 2006 . An advocate of the UK Trident programme , in 2007 he successfully persuaded Parliament to vote to replace Trident . He came under criticism , however , after allowing the Royal Navy personnel captured by Iran in spring 2007 to sell and publish their stories . Under Tony Blairs premiership , Browne was considered a supporter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown . He received the additional responsibilities of Secretary of State for Scotland in June 2007 after Brown became Prime Minister . In a free parliamentary vote on 20 May 2008 , Browne voted for cutting the upper limit for abortions from 24 to 12 weeks , along with two other Catholic cabinet ministers , Ruth Kelly and Paul Murphy . He returned to the backbenches in October 2008 following a cabinet reshuffle . Browne gave evidence to the Iraq Inquiry on 25 January 2010 . He was created a life peer on 22 July 2010 , taking the title Baron Browne of Ladyton , of Ladyton in Ayrshire and Arran . Activities after leaving government . Browne is vice chairman of the Washington , DC-based Nuclear Threat Initiative , a non-profit , nonpartisan organization founded in 2001 by former U.S . Senator Sam Nunn , who serves as co-chair and CEO , and CNN founder and philanthropist Ted Turner . NTIs mission is to strengthen global security by reducing the risk of use and preventing the spread of nuclear , biological and chemical weapons . Browne is convener of the European Leadership Network for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation . and he is also convenor of the Top Level Group of UK Parliamentarians for Multilateral Nuclear Disarmament and Non-proliferation , established in October 2009 . He is a signatory of Global Zero , a non-profit international initiative for the elimination of all nuclear weapons worldwide . Controversy over appointment as envoy to Sri Lanka . In February 2009 , Browne was appointed by PM Brown as the governments special envoy to Sri Lanka . However , the government of Mahinda Rajapaksa , fighting the LTTE rebel group , rejected Brownes appointment , stating that the British government made the appointment unilaterally , without consultation with the Sri Lankan government . External links . - Des Browne MP website - Ministry of Defence official biography - Speech on Iraq November 2006 - Speech on Afghanistan September 2006 - Speech on the UKs Nuclear Deterrent January 2007 - Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle : Des Browne MP - TheyWorkForYou.com - Des Browne MP - Des Brownes article in the Daily Record , covering President Obamas Inauguration 20 January 2009 - Global Zero - Des Browne at Global Zero |
[
"Woodstock College"
] | easy | Where was J. Hunter Guthrie educated from 1912 to 1913? | /wiki/J._Hunter_Guthrie#P69#0 | J . Hunter Guthrie Joseph Hunter Guthrie ( January 8 , 1901 – November 11 , 1974 ) was an American academic philosopher , writer , Jesuit , and Catholic priest . Born in New York City , he entered the Society of Jesus in 1917 , and began his studies at Woodstock College . Following his undergraduate and graduate work there , he taught at Jesuit institutions in the Philippines until 1927 . Following his ordination in 1930 , he received doctorates in theology and philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University and the University of Paris , respectively . He then returned to the United States , where he became a professor of philosophy at Woodstock College and Fordham University . In 1943 , Guthrie became the chairman of graduate philosophy at Georgetown University and dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . In this role , he admitted the first women to the school on equal terms as men . For twenty years , he promoted the belief that intellectuals must play a central role in combatting the ideologies that led to World War II . To that end , he was a member of the drafting committee of the UNESCO charter , was a co-founder of an American academy of Catholic intellectuals , and travelled the world with the U.S . State Department , for which he received honors from several countries and organizations . Guthrie became the president of Georgetown University in 1949 , and a major decision he made was to abolish the universitys football program , believing it to be inconsistent with the educational purpose of a Catholic university . He also oversaw construction of McDonough Gymnasium . His tenure ended abruptly in 1952 , when he did not return at the start of the academic year . His resignation resulted from illness , as well as frustration with senior administrators who resisted his attempts to centralize governance of the university . In his later years , he taught at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia , and died in Wernersville , Pennsylvania , in 1974 . Early life . Joseph Hunter Guthrie was born on January 8 , 1901 in New York City , to parents Jacob Francis Guthrie and Mary Guthrie ( née Ross ) . He enrolled at Fordham Preparatory School in 1913 , and graduated in 1917 . On July 30 of that year , he entered the Society of Jesus at the novitiate of St . Andrew-on-Hudson . Guthrie began studying science and philosophy at Weston College in Massachusetts , and completed his undergraduate education at Woodstock College in Maryland , where he graduated in 1923 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1924 with a Master of Arts . Guthrie then taught English , Latin , and rhetoric at the seminary in Vigan , in the Philippines , from 1924 to 1925 , and English , Latin , and economics at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1925 to 1927 . He also coached drama at both the Vigan Seminary and Ateneo , which resulted in his Ateneo Passion Play being performed in 1927 at the Manila Grand Opera House . European studies . Guthrie returned to Woodstock College that year , traveling through China , Japan , North Africa , and India on his return voyage . On June 23 , 1930 , he was ordained a Catholic priest at Woodstock . He was then sent to the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome , where he earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1931 . He spent the following year studying ascetical theology at the Drongen Abbey and at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium . On August 15 , 1934 , he professed his final vows in the Chapel of Saint Denis on Montmartre in Paris , which were received by Anthony Joseph Schuler , the Bishop of El Paso , Texas . Guthrie began work on his doctorate in philosophy , studying at the University of Berlin , the University of Munich , the University of Frieburg , and the University of Paris . During this time , he became ill with tuberculosis , which required that he be treated in Asheville , North Carolina . He then returned to the University of Paris to defend his dissertation on phenomenology , for which he was awarded a with highest honors in 1937 . During his time in Europe , Guthrie studied under Martin Heidegger , Werner Jaeger , and Emile Brédier , and was closely acquainted with Edith Stein , Simone Weil , Jacques Maritain , and Étienne Gilson . He was also in contact with the Vienna Circle . As a result , his philosophical interests were German existentialism , logical positivism , and analytic philosophy , the latter of which he studied a decade before it become prominent in American universities . Following his education , Guthrie taught philosophy at Woodstock College from 1937 to 1940 . He became a professor and chairman of the department of graduate philosophy at Fordham University in 1940 , remaining in the position for three years . He was also an assistant editor of The Journal of Philosophy , , and Philosophy Abstracts , and was a prolific author . Georgetown University . Deanship . In 1943 , Guthrie was appointed chairman of the graduate department of philosophy at Georgetown University , which made him ex officio the dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . Later , he also was named the chairman of deans of the university . During his term , the first eleven women were admitted to the graduate school on equal status as men . The president of the university , Lawrence C . Gorman , described this action as initially experimental and as a wartime concession that proved successful . Guthrie sought to revitalize the graduate school , and recruited prominent faculty who fled Europe during World War II , especially those in the fields of philosophy and political science . The reputation and quality of academics in the graduate department of philosophy , which had a separate location and faculty from its undergraduate counterpart , was greatly improved during his term , and it was said that the graduate school firmly established itself for the first time . Having succeeded Edward C . Phillips as dean , Guthrie was replaced by Gerard Yates . Worldwide academic advocacy . Following the end of World War II , Guthrie became a proponent of making academia a key instrument in securing future world peace by combating ideologies of nationalism , totalitarianism , and scientific racism . To that end , he became a member of the U.S . Commission on Restructuring Education , which met at Princeton University in 1940 , alongside British academics , to implement democratic principles in education . He was also a member of the chartering committee of UNESCO , which met in Nice in 1945 . Guthrie supported a proposal by several Catholic intellectuals to create an American academy for Catholic thought . This occurred in the context of many American think tanks and intellectual organizations , such as the Council on Foreign Relations , reevaluating their purposes and missions , so as to ensure that another world war would never happen again . The bodys twofold mission would be reconstructing Catholic intellectual life in the aftermath of the war , and maintaining a presence in the total work of the United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization . Guthrie envisioned the organization as being composed primarily of academic laymen , rather than clergy . Eventually , the academy came to fruition , and he became a co-founder of the Catholic Commission on Intellectual and Cultural Affairs ( CCICA ) in 1946 . He was also a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science and the Medieval Academy of America . Guthrie was a prolific traveller , visiting every continent except Australia . He traveled as an exchange specialist with the U.S . Department of State and the United States Information Agency to the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from 1947 to 1950 . He was a polyglot , being fluent in four languages and able to read in four more . Guthrie received the Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit of Spain in 1948 for his writings on the Spanish philosopher Francisco Suárez , and lectures at the University of Barcelona , University of Madrid , and University of Salamanca . He received the Freedoms Foundation Award in 1950 , the National Order of Honour and Merit of Haiti in 1954 , and the Air University Award in 1958 for casting a tie-breaking vote to create the Air University . Film director Samuel Bronston consulted with Guthrie in the 1950s on films set in Ancient Greece and Rome . Presidency . On February 18 , 1949 , Guthrie was appointed to succeed Gorman as the president of Georgetown University . Under his leadership , McDonough Gymnasium was built , with construction starting in 1950 , and the building opening in December 1951 . One of Guthries first actions was the revival of the board of regents in April 1949 , whose purpose was to advise the president and participate in fundraising and promotion of the university . Another of his primary goals was to centralize the university administration under the office of the president . At the time he took office , the schools of medicine , law , and foreign service operated close to autonomously in their governance , finances , and academics . Much of Guthries philosophy of education was motivated by his support for scholasticism . He wrote against the modern conception of academic freedom as a false liberty to license that deprived students of the divine dimension of reality . In this view , university-level education should teach students of the divine revelation . At the same time , he advocated for the sort of classical education that existed in antiquity , although supplemented by modern science . In sum , he believed that modern thought had little to offer . Guthries presidency came to an end abruptly in 1952 . In the summer of that year , he left for the American West for a retreat and to fundraise . He did not return at the start of the academic year , prompting many rumors on campus . He submitted his resignation to the university board of directors the following October , and it was announced that the Jesuit authorities in Rome had selected Edward B . Bunn as his successor . One historian later determined that Guthries ousting was not entirely voluntary , but rather was due to a combination of factors . In July 1952 , his health had begun to deteriorate ; he moved in with his mother in Annapolis , Maryland , and soon thereafter was treated at hospitals in Baltimore , Maryland and Charlotte , North Carolina . Additionally , he had become frustrated with the fact that each of the university professional schools was headed by a Jesuit regent . They vigorously opposed his attempts to centralize the administration of the university , and when Guthrie tried to invoke the authorities in Rome to support his effort , he felt that he did not have their backing . Abolition of football . One major decision of Guthries presidency was to discontinue Georgetowns football program in 1951 . He offered multiple reasons for his decision , the first of which was that the sport contributed little to the educational purpose of the university and was unbecoming of a Catholic educational institution . Financial considerations also motivated Guthrie . He disapproved that collegiate football had become big business . The sport consumed the vast majority of the universitys entire sports budget , and , combined with ancillary costs of running the program , resulted in a substantial , annual net deficit . Moreover , the team had been performing poorly for many seasons . As a result , Georgetown became the most prominent of 38 schools—many of them Catholic—to drop their football programs by 1951 , and the university saw a gradual de-emphasis of sports in general . Guthries decision prompted a strong backlash from alumni , and the football program was restored 12 years later . Later years . Guthrie continued to suffer from the damage tuberculosis had done to his lungs . After spending time recuperating , he became a professor at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia in 1953 , and for a time , served as chair of the department of philosophy . He was interested in people who learn differently and worked intensively with one student , who he identified has having a learning disability that science later would identify as dyslexia . He also advocated for the creation of a Latin American studies program at Saint Josephs , which was created in 1960 . Guthrie assumed professor emeritus status at Saint Josephs in 1969 . He died on November 11 , 1974 , at the Jesuit novitiate of St . Isaac Jogues in Wernersville , Pennsylvania . His body was returned to Georgetown University and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery . External links . Audio recordings . - J . Hunter Guthries inauguration as president of Georgetown University : - 1952 commencement at Georgetown University , with remarks by Guthrie : |
[
"Fordham Preparatory School",
"Woodstock College"
] | easy | Where was J. Hunter Guthrie educated from 1913 to 1917? | /wiki/J._Hunter_Guthrie#P69#1 | J . Hunter Guthrie Joseph Hunter Guthrie ( January 8 , 1901 – November 11 , 1974 ) was an American academic philosopher , writer , Jesuit , and Catholic priest . Born in New York City , he entered the Society of Jesus in 1917 , and began his studies at Woodstock College . Following his undergraduate and graduate work there , he taught at Jesuit institutions in the Philippines until 1927 . Following his ordination in 1930 , he received doctorates in theology and philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University and the University of Paris , respectively . He then returned to the United States , where he became a professor of philosophy at Woodstock College and Fordham University . In 1943 , Guthrie became the chairman of graduate philosophy at Georgetown University and dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . In this role , he admitted the first women to the school on equal terms as men . For twenty years , he promoted the belief that intellectuals must play a central role in combatting the ideologies that led to World War II . To that end , he was a member of the drafting committee of the UNESCO charter , was a co-founder of an American academy of Catholic intellectuals , and travelled the world with the U.S . State Department , for which he received honors from several countries and organizations . Guthrie became the president of Georgetown University in 1949 , and a major decision he made was to abolish the universitys football program , believing it to be inconsistent with the educational purpose of a Catholic university . He also oversaw construction of McDonough Gymnasium . His tenure ended abruptly in 1952 , when he did not return at the start of the academic year . His resignation resulted from illness , as well as frustration with senior administrators who resisted his attempts to centralize governance of the university . In his later years , he taught at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia , and died in Wernersville , Pennsylvania , in 1974 . Early life . Joseph Hunter Guthrie was born on January 8 , 1901 in New York City , to parents Jacob Francis Guthrie and Mary Guthrie ( née Ross ) . He enrolled at Fordham Preparatory School in 1913 , and graduated in 1917 . On July 30 of that year , he entered the Society of Jesus at the novitiate of St . Andrew-on-Hudson . Guthrie began studying science and philosophy at Weston College in Massachusetts , and completed his undergraduate education at Woodstock College in Maryland , where he graduated in 1923 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1924 with a Master of Arts . Guthrie then taught English , Latin , and rhetoric at the seminary in Vigan , in the Philippines , from 1924 to 1925 , and English , Latin , and economics at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1925 to 1927 . He also coached drama at both the Vigan Seminary and Ateneo , which resulted in his Ateneo Passion Play being performed in 1927 at the Manila Grand Opera House . European studies . Guthrie returned to Woodstock College that year , traveling through China , Japan , North Africa , and India on his return voyage . On June 23 , 1930 , he was ordained a Catholic priest at Woodstock . He was then sent to the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome , where he earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1931 . He spent the following year studying ascetical theology at the Drongen Abbey and at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium . On August 15 , 1934 , he professed his final vows in the Chapel of Saint Denis on Montmartre in Paris , which were received by Anthony Joseph Schuler , the Bishop of El Paso , Texas . Guthrie began work on his doctorate in philosophy , studying at the University of Berlin , the University of Munich , the University of Frieburg , and the University of Paris . During this time , he became ill with tuberculosis , which required that he be treated in Asheville , North Carolina . He then returned to the University of Paris to defend his dissertation on phenomenology , for which he was awarded a with highest honors in 1937 . During his time in Europe , Guthrie studied under Martin Heidegger , Werner Jaeger , and Emile Brédier , and was closely acquainted with Edith Stein , Simone Weil , Jacques Maritain , and Étienne Gilson . He was also in contact with the Vienna Circle . As a result , his philosophical interests were German existentialism , logical positivism , and analytic philosophy , the latter of which he studied a decade before it become prominent in American universities . Following his education , Guthrie taught philosophy at Woodstock College from 1937 to 1940 . He became a professor and chairman of the department of graduate philosophy at Fordham University in 1940 , remaining in the position for three years . He was also an assistant editor of The Journal of Philosophy , , and Philosophy Abstracts , and was a prolific author . Georgetown University . Deanship . In 1943 , Guthrie was appointed chairman of the graduate department of philosophy at Georgetown University , which made him ex officio the dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . Later , he also was named the chairman of deans of the university . During his term , the first eleven women were admitted to the graduate school on equal status as men . The president of the university , Lawrence C . Gorman , described this action as initially experimental and as a wartime concession that proved successful . Guthrie sought to revitalize the graduate school , and recruited prominent faculty who fled Europe during World War II , especially those in the fields of philosophy and political science . The reputation and quality of academics in the graduate department of philosophy , which had a separate location and faculty from its undergraduate counterpart , was greatly improved during his term , and it was said that the graduate school firmly established itself for the first time . Having succeeded Edward C . Phillips as dean , Guthrie was replaced by Gerard Yates . Worldwide academic advocacy . Following the end of World War II , Guthrie became a proponent of making academia a key instrument in securing future world peace by combating ideologies of nationalism , totalitarianism , and scientific racism . To that end , he became a member of the U.S . Commission on Restructuring Education , which met at Princeton University in 1940 , alongside British academics , to implement democratic principles in education . He was also a member of the chartering committee of UNESCO , which met in Nice in 1945 . Guthrie supported a proposal by several Catholic intellectuals to create an American academy for Catholic thought . This occurred in the context of many American think tanks and intellectual organizations , such as the Council on Foreign Relations , reevaluating their purposes and missions , so as to ensure that another world war would never happen again . The bodys twofold mission would be reconstructing Catholic intellectual life in the aftermath of the war , and maintaining a presence in the total work of the United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization . Guthrie envisioned the organization as being composed primarily of academic laymen , rather than clergy . Eventually , the academy came to fruition , and he became a co-founder of the Catholic Commission on Intellectual and Cultural Affairs ( CCICA ) in 1946 . He was also a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science and the Medieval Academy of America . Guthrie was a prolific traveller , visiting every continent except Australia . He traveled as an exchange specialist with the U.S . Department of State and the United States Information Agency to the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from 1947 to 1950 . He was a polyglot , being fluent in four languages and able to read in four more . Guthrie received the Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit of Spain in 1948 for his writings on the Spanish philosopher Francisco Suárez , and lectures at the University of Barcelona , University of Madrid , and University of Salamanca . He received the Freedoms Foundation Award in 1950 , the National Order of Honour and Merit of Haiti in 1954 , and the Air University Award in 1958 for casting a tie-breaking vote to create the Air University . Film director Samuel Bronston consulted with Guthrie in the 1950s on films set in Ancient Greece and Rome . Presidency . On February 18 , 1949 , Guthrie was appointed to succeed Gorman as the president of Georgetown University . Under his leadership , McDonough Gymnasium was built , with construction starting in 1950 , and the building opening in December 1951 . One of Guthries first actions was the revival of the board of regents in April 1949 , whose purpose was to advise the president and participate in fundraising and promotion of the university . Another of his primary goals was to centralize the university administration under the office of the president . At the time he took office , the schools of medicine , law , and foreign service operated close to autonomously in their governance , finances , and academics . Much of Guthries philosophy of education was motivated by his support for scholasticism . He wrote against the modern conception of academic freedom as a false liberty to license that deprived students of the divine dimension of reality . In this view , university-level education should teach students of the divine revelation . At the same time , he advocated for the sort of classical education that existed in antiquity , although supplemented by modern science . In sum , he believed that modern thought had little to offer . Guthries presidency came to an end abruptly in 1952 . In the summer of that year , he left for the American West for a retreat and to fundraise . He did not return at the start of the academic year , prompting many rumors on campus . He submitted his resignation to the university board of directors the following October , and it was announced that the Jesuit authorities in Rome had selected Edward B . Bunn as his successor . One historian later determined that Guthries ousting was not entirely voluntary , but rather was due to a combination of factors . In July 1952 , his health had begun to deteriorate ; he moved in with his mother in Annapolis , Maryland , and soon thereafter was treated at hospitals in Baltimore , Maryland and Charlotte , North Carolina . Additionally , he had become frustrated with the fact that each of the university professional schools was headed by a Jesuit regent . They vigorously opposed his attempts to centralize the administration of the university , and when Guthrie tried to invoke the authorities in Rome to support his effort , he felt that he did not have their backing . Abolition of football . One major decision of Guthries presidency was to discontinue Georgetowns football program in 1951 . He offered multiple reasons for his decision , the first of which was that the sport contributed little to the educational purpose of the university and was unbecoming of a Catholic educational institution . Financial considerations also motivated Guthrie . He disapproved that collegiate football had become big business . The sport consumed the vast majority of the universitys entire sports budget , and , combined with ancillary costs of running the program , resulted in a substantial , annual net deficit . Moreover , the team had been performing poorly for many seasons . As a result , Georgetown became the most prominent of 38 schools—many of them Catholic—to drop their football programs by 1951 , and the university saw a gradual de-emphasis of sports in general . Guthries decision prompted a strong backlash from alumni , and the football program was restored 12 years later . Later years . Guthrie continued to suffer from the damage tuberculosis had done to his lungs . After spending time recuperating , he became a professor at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia in 1953 , and for a time , served as chair of the department of philosophy . He was interested in people who learn differently and worked intensively with one student , who he identified has having a learning disability that science later would identify as dyslexia . He also advocated for the creation of a Latin American studies program at Saint Josephs , which was created in 1960 . Guthrie assumed professor emeritus status at Saint Josephs in 1969 . He died on November 11 , 1974 , at the Jesuit novitiate of St . Isaac Jogues in Wernersville , Pennsylvania . His body was returned to Georgetown University and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery . External links . Audio recordings . - J . Hunter Guthries inauguration as president of Georgetown University : - 1952 commencement at Georgetown University , with remarks by Guthrie : |
[
"Woodstock College",
"St . Andrew-on-Hudson"
] | easy | Which school did J. Hunter Guthrie go to from 1917 to 1924? | /wiki/J._Hunter_Guthrie#P69#2 | J . Hunter Guthrie Joseph Hunter Guthrie ( January 8 , 1901 – November 11 , 1974 ) was an American academic philosopher , writer , Jesuit , and Catholic priest . Born in New York City , he entered the Society of Jesus in 1917 , and began his studies at Woodstock College . Following his undergraduate and graduate work there , he taught at Jesuit institutions in the Philippines until 1927 . Following his ordination in 1930 , he received doctorates in theology and philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University and the University of Paris , respectively . He then returned to the United States , where he became a professor of philosophy at Woodstock College and Fordham University . In 1943 , Guthrie became the chairman of graduate philosophy at Georgetown University and dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . In this role , he admitted the first women to the school on equal terms as men . For twenty years , he promoted the belief that intellectuals must play a central role in combatting the ideologies that led to World War II . To that end , he was a member of the drafting committee of the UNESCO charter , was a co-founder of an American academy of Catholic intellectuals , and travelled the world with the U.S . State Department , for which he received honors from several countries and organizations . Guthrie became the president of Georgetown University in 1949 , and a major decision he made was to abolish the universitys football program , believing it to be inconsistent with the educational purpose of a Catholic university . He also oversaw construction of McDonough Gymnasium . His tenure ended abruptly in 1952 , when he did not return at the start of the academic year . His resignation resulted from illness , as well as frustration with senior administrators who resisted his attempts to centralize governance of the university . In his later years , he taught at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia , and died in Wernersville , Pennsylvania , in 1974 . Early life . Joseph Hunter Guthrie was born on January 8 , 1901 in New York City , to parents Jacob Francis Guthrie and Mary Guthrie ( née Ross ) . He enrolled at Fordham Preparatory School in 1913 , and graduated in 1917 . On July 30 of that year , he entered the Society of Jesus at the novitiate of St . Andrew-on-Hudson . Guthrie began studying science and philosophy at Weston College in Massachusetts , and completed his undergraduate education at Woodstock College in Maryland , where he graduated in 1923 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1924 with a Master of Arts . Guthrie then taught English , Latin , and rhetoric at the seminary in Vigan , in the Philippines , from 1924 to 1925 , and English , Latin , and economics at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1925 to 1927 . He also coached drama at both the Vigan Seminary and Ateneo , which resulted in his Ateneo Passion Play being performed in 1927 at the Manila Grand Opera House . European studies . Guthrie returned to Woodstock College that year , traveling through China , Japan , North Africa , and India on his return voyage . On June 23 , 1930 , he was ordained a Catholic priest at Woodstock . He was then sent to the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome , where he earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1931 . He spent the following year studying ascetical theology at the Drongen Abbey and at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium . On August 15 , 1934 , he professed his final vows in the Chapel of Saint Denis on Montmartre in Paris , which were received by Anthony Joseph Schuler , the Bishop of El Paso , Texas . Guthrie began work on his doctorate in philosophy , studying at the University of Berlin , the University of Munich , the University of Frieburg , and the University of Paris . During this time , he became ill with tuberculosis , which required that he be treated in Asheville , North Carolina . He then returned to the University of Paris to defend his dissertation on phenomenology , for which he was awarded a with highest honors in 1937 . During his time in Europe , Guthrie studied under Martin Heidegger , Werner Jaeger , and Emile Brédier , and was closely acquainted with Edith Stein , Simone Weil , Jacques Maritain , and Étienne Gilson . He was also in contact with the Vienna Circle . As a result , his philosophical interests were German existentialism , logical positivism , and analytic philosophy , the latter of which he studied a decade before it become prominent in American universities . Following his education , Guthrie taught philosophy at Woodstock College from 1937 to 1940 . He became a professor and chairman of the department of graduate philosophy at Fordham University in 1940 , remaining in the position for three years . He was also an assistant editor of The Journal of Philosophy , , and Philosophy Abstracts , and was a prolific author . Georgetown University . Deanship . In 1943 , Guthrie was appointed chairman of the graduate department of philosophy at Georgetown University , which made him ex officio the dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . Later , he also was named the chairman of deans of the university . During his term , the first eleven women were admitted to the graduate school on equal status as men . The president of the university , Lawrence C . Gorman , described this action as initially experimental and as a wartime concession that proved successful . Guthrie sought to revitalize the graduate school , and recruited prominent faculty who fled Europe during World War II , especially those in the fields of philosophy and political science . The reputation and quality of academics in the graduate department of philosophy , which had a separate location and faculty from its undergraduate counterpart , was greatly improved during his term , and it was said that the graduate school firmly established itself for the first time . Having succeeded Edward C . Phillips as dean , Guthrie was replaced by Gerard Yates . Worldwide academic advocacy . Following the end of World War II , Guthrie became a proponent of making academia a key instrument in securing future world peace by combating ideologies of nationalism , totalitarianism , and scientific racism . To that end , he became a member of the U.S . Commission on Restructuring Education , which met at Princeton University in 1940 , alongside British academics , to implement democratic principles in education . He was also a member of the chartering committee of UNESCO , which met in Nice in 1945 . Guthrie supported a proposal by several Catholic intellectuals to create an American academy for Catholic thought . This occurred in the context of many American think tanks and intellectual organizations , such as the Council on Foreign Relations , reevaluating their purposes and missions , so as to ensure that another world war would never happen again . The bodys twofold mission would be reconstructing Catholic intellectual life in the aftermath of the war , and maintaining a presence in the total work of the United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization . Guthrie envisioned the organization as being composed primarily of academic laymen , rather than clergy . Eventually , the academy came to fruition , and he became a co-founder of the Catholic Commission on Intellectual and Cultural Affairs ( CCICA ) in 1946 . He was also a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science and the Medieval Academy of America . Guthrie was a prolific traveller , visiting every continent except Australia . He traveled as an exchange specialist with the U.S . Department of State and the United States Information Agency to the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from 1947 to 1950 . He was a polyglot , being fluent in four languages and able to read in four more . Guthrie received the Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit of Spain in 1948 for his writings on the Spanish philosopher Francisco Suárez , and lectures at the University of Barcelona , University of Madrid , and University of Salamanca . He received the Freedoms Foundation Award in 1950 , the National Order of Honour and Merit of Haiti in 1954 , and the Air University Award in 1958 for casting a tie-breaking vote to create the Air University . Film director Samuel Bronston consulted with Guthrie in the 1950s on films set in Ancient Greece and Rome . Presidency . On February 18 , 1949 , Guthrie was appointed to succeed Gorman as the president of Georgetown University . Under his leadership , McDonough Gymnasium was built , with construction starting in 1950 , and the building opening in December 1951 . One of Guthries first actions was the revival of the board of regents in April 1949 , whose purpose was to advise the president and participate in fundraising and promotion of the university . Another of his primary goals was to centralize the university administration under the office of the president . At the time he took office , the schools of medicine , law , and foreign service operated close to autonomously in their governance , finances , and academics . Much of Guthries philosophy of education was motivated by his support for scholasticism . He wrote against the modern conception of academic freedom as a false liberty to license that deprived students of the divine dimension of reality . In this view , university-level education should teach students of the divine revelation . At the same time , he advocated for the sort of classical education that existed in antiquity , although supplemented by modern science . In sum , he believed that modern thought had little to offer . Guthries presidency came to an end abruptly in 1952 . In the summer of that year , he left for the American West for a retreat and to fundraise . He did not return at the start of the academic year , prompting many rumors on campus . He submitted his resignation to the university board of directors the following October , and it was announced that the Jesuit authorities in Rome had selected Edward B . Bunn as his successor . One historian later determined that Guthries ousting was not entirely voluntary , but rather was due to a combination of factors . In July 1952 , his health had begun to deteriorate ; he moved in with his mother in Annapolis , Maryland , and soon thereafter was treated at hospitals in Baltimore , Maryland and Charlotte , North Carolina . Additionally , he had become frustrated with the fact that each of the university professional schools was headed by a Jesuit regent . They vigorously opposed his attempts to centralize the administration of the university , and when Guthrie tried to invoke the authorities in Rome to support his effort , he felt that he did not have their backing . Abolition of football . One major decision of Guthries presidency was to discontinue Georgetowns football program in 1951 . He offered multiple reasons for his decision , the first of which was that the sport contributed little to the educational purpose of the university and was unbecoming of a Catholic educational institution . Financial considerations also motivated Guthrie . He disapproved that collegiate football had become big business . The sport consumed the vast majority of the universitys entire sports budget , and , combined with ancillary costs of running the program , resulted in a substantial , annual net deficit . Moreover , the team had been performing poorly for many seasons . As a result , Georgetown became the most prominent of 38 schools—many of them Catholic—to drop their football programs by 1951 , and the university saw a gradual de-emphasis of sports in general . Guthries decision prompted a strong backlash from alumni , and the football program was restored 12 years later . Later years . Guthrie continued to suffer from the damage tuberculosis had done to his lungs . After spending time recuperating , he became a professor at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia in 1953 , and for a time , served as chair of the department of philosophy . He was interested in people who learn differently and worked intensively with one student , who he identified has having a learning disability that science later would identify as dyslexia . He also advocated for the creation of a Latin American studies program at Saint Josephs , which was created in 1960 . Guthrie assumed professor emeritus status at Saint Josephs in 1969 . He died on November 11 , 1974 , at the Jesuit novitiate of St . Isaac Jogues in Wernersville , Pennsylvania . His body was returned to Georgetown University and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery . External links . Audio recordings . - J . Hunter Guthries inauguration as president of Georgetown University : - 1952 commencement at Georgetown University , with remarks by Guthrie : |
[
"St . Andrew-on-Hudson"
] | easy | Which school did J. Hunter Guthrie go to from 1924 to 1938? | /wiki/J._Hunter_Guthrie#P69#3 | J . Hunter Guthrie Joseph Hunter Guthrie ( January 8 , 1901 – November 11 , 1974 ) was an American academic philosopher , writer , Jesuit , and Catholic priest . Born in New York City , he entered the Society of Jesus in 1917 , and began his studies at Woodstock College . Following his undergraduate and graduate work there , he taught at Jesuit institutions in the Philippines until 1927 . Following his ordination in 1930 , he received doctorates in theology and philosophy from the Pontifical Gregorian University and the University of Paris , respectively . He then returned to the United States , where he became a professor of philosophy at Woodstock College and Fordham University . In 1943 , Guthrie became the chairman of graduate philosophy at Georgetown University and dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . In this role , he admitted the first women to the school on equal terms as men . For twenty years , he promoted the belief that intellectuals must play a central role in combatting the ideologies that led to World War II . To that end , he was a member of the drafting committee of the UNESCO charter , was a co-founder of an American academy of Catholic intellectuals , and travelled the world with the U.S . State Department , for which he received honors from several countries and organizations . Guthrie became the president of Georgetown University in 1949 , and a major decision he made was to abolish the universitys football program , believing it to be inconsistent with the educational purpose of a Catholic university . He also oversaw construction of McDonough Gymnasium . His tenure ended abruptly in 1952 , when he did not return at the start of the academic year . His resignation resulted from illness , as well as frustration with senior administrators who resisted his attempts to centralize governance of the university . In his later years , he taught at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia , and died in Wernersville , Pennsylvania , in 1974 . Early life . Joseph Hunter Guthrie was born on January 8 , 1901 in New York City , to parents Jacob Francis Guthrie and Mary Guthrie ( née Ross ) . He enrolled at Fordham Preparatory School in 1913 , and graduated in 1917 . On July 30 of that year , he entered the Society of Jesus at the novitiate of St . Andrew-on-Hudson . Guthrie began studying science and philosophy at Weston College in Massachusetts , and completed his undergraduate education at Woodstock College in Maryland , where he graduated in 1923 with a Bachelor of Arts and in 1924 with a Master of Arts . Guthrie then taught English , Latin , and rhetoric at the seminary in Vigan , in the Philippines , from 1924 to 1925 , and English , Latin , and economics at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1925 to 1927 . He also coached drama at both the Vigan Seminary and Ateneo , which resulted in his Ateneo Passion Play being performed in 1927 at the Manila Grand Opera House . European studies . Guthrie returned to Woodstock College that year , traveling through China , Japan , North Africa , and India on his return voyage . On June 23 , 1930 , he was ordained a Catholic priest at Woodstock . He was then sent to the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome , where he earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1931 . He spent the following year studying ascetical theology at the Drongen Abbey and at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium . On August 15 , 1934 , he professed his final vows in the Chapel of Saint Denis on Montmartre in Paris , which were received by Anthony Joseph Schuler , the Bishop of El Paso , Texas . Guthrie began work on his doctorate in philosophy , studying at the University of Berlin , the University of Munich , the University of Frieburg , and the University of Paris . During this time , he became ill with tuberculosis , which required that he be treated in Asheville , North Carolina . He then returned to the University of Paris to defend his dissertation on phenomenology , for which he was awarded a with highest honors in 1937 . During his time in Europe , Guthrie studied under Martin Heidegger , Werner Jaeger , and Emile Brédier , and was closely acquainted with Edith Stein , Simone Weil , Jacques Maritain , and Étienne Gilson . He was also in contact with the Vienna Circle . As a result , his philosophical interests were German existentialism , logical positivism , and analytic philosophy , the latter of which he studied a decade before it become prominent in American universities . Following his education , Guthrie taught philosophy at Woodstock College from 1937 to 1940 . He became a professor and chairman of the department of graduate philosophy at Fordham University in 1940 , remaining in the position for three years . He was also an assistant editor of The Journal of Philosophy , , and Philosophy Abstracts , and was a prolific author . Georgetown University . Deanship . In 1943 , Guthrie was appointed chairman of the graduate department of philosophy at Georgetown University , which made him ex officio the dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . Later , he also was named the chairman of deans of the university . During his term , the first eleven women were admitted to the graduate school on equal status as men . The president of the university , Lawrence C . Gorman , described this action as initially experimental and as a wartime concession that proved successful . Guthrie sought to revitalize the graduate school , and recruited prominent faculty who fled Europe during World War II , especially those in the fields of philosophy and political science . The reputation and quality of academics in the graduate department of philosophy , which had a separate location and faculty from its undergraduate counterpart , was greatly improved during his term , and it was said that the graduate school firmly established itself for the first time . Having succeeded Edward C . Phillips as dean , Guthrie was replaced by Gerard Yates . Worldwide academic advocacy . Following the end of World War II , Guthrie became a proponent of making academia a key instrument in securing future world peace by combating ideologies of nationalism , totalitarianism , and scientific racism . To that end , he became a member of the U.S . Commission on Restructuring Education , which met at Princeton University in 1940 , alongside British academics , to implement democratic principles in education . He was also a member of the chartering committee of UNESCO , which met in Nice in 1945 . Guthrie supported a proposal by several Catholic intellectuals to create an American academy for Catholic thought . This occurred in the context of many American think tanks and intellectual organizations , such as the Council on Foreign Relations , reevaluating their purposes and missions , so as to ensure that another world war would never happen again . The bodys twofold mission would be reconstructing Catholic intellectual life in the aftermath of the war , and maintaining a presence in the total work of the United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization . Guthrie envisioned the organization as being composed primarily of academic laymen , rather than clergy . Eventually , the academy came to fruition , and he became a co-founder of the Catholic Commission on Intellectual and Cultural Affairs ( CCICA ) in 1946 . He was also a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science and the Medieval Academy of America . Guthrie was a prolific traveller , visiting every continent except Australia . He traveled as an exchange specialist with the U.S . Department of State and the United States Information Agency to the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America from 1947 to 1950 . He was a polyglot , being fluent in four languages and able to read in four more . Guthrie received the Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit of Spain in 1948 for his writings on the Spanish philosopher Francisco Suárez , and lectures at the University of Barcelona , University of Madrid , and University of Salamanca . He received the Freedoms Foundation Award in 1950 , the National Order of Honour and Merit of Haiti in 1954 , and the Air University Award in 1958 for casting a tie-breaking vote to create the Air University . Film director Samuel Bronston consulted with Guthrie in the 1950s on films set in Ancient Greece and Rome . Presidency . On February 18 , 1949 , Guthrie was appointed to succeed Gorman as the president of Georgetown University . Under his leadership , McDonough Gymnasium was built , with construction starting in 1950 , and the building opening in December 1951 . One of Guthries first actions was the revival of the board of regents in April 1949 , whose purpose was to advise the president and participate in fundraising and promotion of the university . Another of his primary goals was to centralize the university administration under the office of the president . At the time he took office , the schools of medicine , law , and foreign service operated close to autonomously in their governance , finances , and academics . Much of Guthries philosophy of education was motivated by his support for scholasticism . He wrote against the modern conception of academic freedom as a false liberty to license that deprived students of the divine dimension of reality . In this view , university-level education should teach students of the divine revelation . At the same time , he advocated for the sort of classical education that existed in antiquity , although supplemented by modern science . In sum , he believed that modern thought had little to offer . Guthries presidency came to an end abruptly in 1952 . In the summer of that year , he left for the American West for a retreat and to fundraise . He did not return at the start of the academic year , prompting many rumors on campus . He submitted his resignation to the university board of directors the following October , and it was announced that the Jesuit authorities in Rome had selected Edward B . Bunn as his successor . One historian later determined that Guthries ousting was not entirely voluntary , but rather was due to a combination of factors . In July 1952 , his health had begun to deteriorate ; he moved in with his mother in Annapolis , Maryland , and soon thereafter was treated at hospitals in Baltimore , Maryland and Charlotte , North Carolina . Additionally , he had become frustrated with the fact that each of the university professional schools was headed by a Jesuit regent . They vigorously opposed his attempts to centralize the administration of the university , and when Guthrie tried to invoke the authorities in Rome to support his effort , he felt that he did not have their backing . Abolition of football . One major decision of Guthries presidency was to discontinue Georgetowns football program in 1951 . He offered multiple reasons for his decision , the first of which was that the sport contributed little to the educational purpose of the university and was unbecoming of a Catholic educational institution . Financial considerations also motivated Guthrie . He disapproved that collegiate football had become big business . The sport consumed the vast majority of the universitys entire sports budget , and , combined with ancillary costs of running the program , resulted in a substantial , annual net deficit . Moreover , the team had been performing poorly for many seasons . As a result , Georgetown became the most prominent of 38 schools—many of them Catholic—to drop their football programs by 1951 , and the university saw a gradual de-emphasis of sports in general . Guthries decision prompted a strong backlash from alumni , and the football program was restored 12 years later . Later years . Guthrie continued to suffer from the damage tuberculosis had done to his lungs . After spending time recuperating , he became a professor at Saint Josephs College in Philadelphia in 1953 , and for a time , served as chair of the department of philosophy . He was interested in people who learn differently and worked intensively with one student , who he identified has having a learning disability that science later would identify as dyslexia . He also advocated for the creation of a Latin American studies program at Saint Josephs , which was created in 1960 . Guthrie assumed professor emeritus status at Saint Josephs in 1969 . He died on November 11 , 1974 , at the Jesuit novitiate of St . Isaac Jogues in Wernersville , Pennsylvania . His body was returned to Georgetown University and was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery . External links . Audio recordings . - J . Hunter Guthries inauguration as president of Georgetown University : - 1952 commencement at Georgetown University , with remarks by Guthrie : |
[
"Minister of Community Safety"
] | easy | What position did Albert Fritz take from Sep 2010 to May 2011? | /wiki/Albert_Fritz#P39#0 | Albert Fritz Albert Theo Fritz ( born 1 July 1959 ) is a South African politician and advocate who has been the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Community Safety since 2019 , previously from 2010 to 2011 , and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since 2010 . He is the current interim Leader of the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) in the Western Cape following the suspension and resignation of Bonginkosi Madikizela in April 2021 . He served as the deputy DA provincial leader 2017 to 2021 . Fritz previously served as the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Social Development from 2011 to 2019 . From 2009 to 2010 , he was a Member of the National Assembly and the Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services . Early years and education . One of six children , Fritz was born in Woodstock , a suburb of Cape Town . He and his family later moved to District Six and were forcibly evicted in 1972 due to the Group Areas Act . They relocated to Hanover Park on the Cape Flats . He was expelled from Oaklands High School in 1976 , because of his involvement in an anti-apartheid uprising . At the University of the Western Cape , he achieved a BA Honours degree in Social Science and also an LLB . He soon enrolled for a masters degree in Social Sciences from the same university . Anti-apartheid activities and early career . Fritz arranged several school boycotts during the 1970s and 1980s . He became involved in various movements such as the Hanover Park Youth Movement and the Hanover Park Civic Association . He was a member of the Cape Housing Action Committee . During the 1980s , he was appointed an organiser for the Media Workers Association of South Africa . Fritz also joined the United Democratic Front . He joined the African National Congresss Strandfontein branch in 1990 , but soon moved to the partys Milnerton branch in 1996 . He was employed by the office of the Inspecting Judge in 1999 . He was promoted to the post of Chief Judicial Inspector of Prisons in South Africa in 2002 . In 2014 , Fritz was admitted to the Western Cape High Court as an advocate . In 2008 , Fritz announced that he was leaving the African National Congress . He subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance . Political career . On 6 May 2009 , Fritz took office as a Member of the National Assembly . Shortly afterwards , the Democratic Alliance Parliamentary Leader Athol Trollip appointed Fritz to the position of Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services , serving alongside James Selfe , who was reappointed as the Shadow Minister of Correctional Services . In September 2010 , Premier Helen Zille announced that Provincial Minister Lennit Max and Fritz would exchange positions . Max would become a Member of the National Assembly and Shadow Minister , while Fritz would become Provincial Minister of Community Safety and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament . Fritz left Parliament on 10 September 2010 . Fritz took office as Provincial Minister of Community Safety on 13 September 2010 . In May 2011 , Zille appointed Fritz to the position of Provincial Minister of Social Development , succeeding Patricia de Lille . Fritz took office on 1 June 2011 . Dan Plato succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Community Safety . On 7 October 2017 , he was elected Deputy Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance , succeeding Bonginkosi Madikizela , at the partys provincial conference held at the Every Nation Church in Goodwood , Cape Town . In May 2019 , Fritz was appointed Provincial Minister of Community Safety by newly elected Premier Alan Winde . He was re-elected as deputy provincial leader in November 2020 , defeating Tertuis Simmers . On 16 April 2021 , Fritz was appointed acting DA leader in the Western Cape after Madikizela had voluntarily stepped aside as provincial leader for two weeks amid a qualifications scandal . Madikizela resigned as provincial leader on 28 April . On 21 May 2021 , Fritz was elected as interim provincial leader unopposed after DA MPP Wendy Philander withdrew her candidacy . Personal life . He is married to Dianne Veldsman . They have one son named Charlton . Fritz refers to his mother , Theodora , as his rock . On 27 November 2020 , Fritz tested positive for COVID-19 . |
[
"Minister of Social Development"
] | easy | Which position did Albert Fritz hold from Jun 2011 to 2014? | /wiki/Albert_Fritz#P39#1 | Albert Fritz Albert Theo Fritz ( born 1 July 1959 ) is a South African politician and advocate who has been the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Community Safety since 2019 , previously from 2010 to 2011 , and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since 2010 . He is the current interim Leader of the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) in the Western Cape following the suspension and resignation of Bonginkosi Madikizela in April 2021 . He served as the deputy DA provincial leader 2017 to 2021 . Fritz previously served as the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Social Development from 2011 to 2019 . From 2009 to 2010 , he was a Member of the National Assembly and the Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services . Early years and education . One of six children , Fritz was born in Woodstock , a suburb of Cape Town . He and his family later moved to District Six and were forcibly evicted in 1972 due to the Group Areas Act . They relocated to Hanover Park on the Cape Flats . He was expelled from Oaklands High School in 1976 , because of his involvement in an anti-apartheid uprising . At the University of the Western Cape , he achieved a BA Honours degree in Social Science and also an LLB . He soon enrolled for a masters degree in Social Sciences from the same university . Anti-apartheid activities and early career . Fritz arranged several school boycotts during the 1970s and 1980s . He became involved in various movements such as the Hanover Park Youth Movement and the Hanover Park Civic Association . He was a member of the Cape Housing Action Committee . During the 1980s , he was appointed an organiser for the Media Workers Association of South Africa . Fritz also joined the United Democratic Front . He joined the African National Congresss Strandfontein branch in 1990 , but soon moved to the partys Milnerton branch in 1996 . He was employed by the office of the Inspecting Judge in 1999 . He was promoted to the post of Chief Judicial Inspector of Prisons in South Africa in 2002 . In 2014 , Fritz was admitted to the Western Cape High Court as an advocate . In 2008 , Fritz announced that he was leaving the African National Congress . He subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance . Political career . On 6 May 2009 , Fritz took office as a Member of the National Assembly . Shortly afterwards , the Democratic Alliance Parliamentary Leader Athol Trollip appointed Fritz to the position of Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services , serving alongside James Selfe , who was reappointed as the Shadow Minister of Correctional Services . In September 2010 , Premier Helen Zille announced that Provincial Minister Lennit Max and Fritz would exchange positions . Max would become a Member of the National Assembly and Shadow Minister , while Fritz would become Provincial Minister of Community Safety and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament . Fritz left Parliament on 10 September 2010 . Fritz took office as Provincial Minister of Community Safety on 13 September 2010 . In May 2011 , Zille appointed Fritz to the position of Provincial Minister of Social Development , succeeding Patricia de Lille . Fritz took office on 1 June 2011 . Dan Plato succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Community Safety . On 7 October 2017 , he was elected Deputy Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance , succeeding Bonginkosi Madikizela , at the partys provincial conference held at the Every Nation Church in Goodwood , Cape Town . In May 2019 , Fritz was appointed Provincial Minister of Community Safety by newly elected Premier Alan Winde . He was re-elected as deputy provincial leader in November 2020 , defeating Tertuis Simmers . On 16 April 2021 , Fritz was appointed acting DA leader in the Western Cape after Madikizela had voluntarily stepped aside as provincial leader for two weeks amid a qualifications scandal . Madikizela resigned as provincial leader on 28 April . On 21 May 2021 , Fritz was elected as interim provincial leader unopposed after DA MPP Wendy Philander withdrew her candidacy . Personal life . He is married to Dianne Veldsman . They have one son named Charlton . Fritz refers to his mother , Theodora , as his rock . On 27 November 2020 , Fritz tested positive for COVID-19 . |
[
"Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament",
"Minister of Social Development"
] | easy | Albert Fritz took which position from May 2014 to Mar 2019? | /wiki/Albert_Fritz#P39#2 | Albert Fritz Albert Theo Fritz ( born 1 July 1959 ) is a South African politician and advocate who has been the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Community Safety since 2019 , previously from 2010 to 2011 , and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since 2010 . He is the current interim Leader of the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) in the Western Cape following the suspension and resignation of Bonginkosi Madikizela in April 2021 . He served as the deputy DA provincial leader 2017 to 2021 . Fritz previously served as the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Social Development from 2011 to 2019 . From 2009 to 2010 , he was a Member of the National Assembly and the Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services . Early years and education . One of six children , Fritz was born in Woodstock , a suburb of Cape Town . He and his family later moved to District Six and were forcibly evicted in 1972 due to the Group Areas Act . They relocated to Hanover Park on the Cape Flats . He was expelled from Oaklands High School in 1976 , because of his involvement in an anti-apartheid uprising . At the University of the Western Cape , he achieved a BA Honours degree in Social Science and also an LLB . He soon enrolled for a masters degree in Social Sciences from the same university . Anti-apartheid activities and early career . Fritz arranged several school boycotts during the 1970s and 1980s . He became involved in various movements such as the Hanover Park Youth Movement and the Hanover Park Civic Association . He was a member of the Cape Housing Action Committee . During the 1980s , he was appointed an organiser for the Media Workers Association of South Africa . Fritz also joined the United Democratic Front . He joined the African National Congresss Strandfontein branch in 1990 , but soon moved to the partys Milnerton branch in 1996 . He was employed by the office of the Inspecting Judge in 1999 . He was promoted to the post of Chief Judicial Inspector of Prisons in South Africa in 2002 . In 2014 , Fritz was admitted to the Western Cape High Court as an advocate . In 2008 , Fritz announced that he was leaving the African National Congress . He subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance . Political career . On 6 May 2009 , Fritz took office as a Member of the National Assembly . Shortly afterwards , the Democratic Alliance Parliamentary Leader Athol Trollip appointed Fritz to the position of Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services , serving alongside James Selfe , who was reappointed as the Shadow Minister of Correctional Services . In September 2010 , Premier Helen Zille announced that Provincial Minister Lennit Max and Fritz would exchange positions . Max would become a Member of the National Assembly and Shadow Minister , while Fritz would become Provincial Minister of Community Safety and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament . Fritz left Parliament on 10 September 2010 . Fritz took office as Provincial Minister of Community Safety on 13 September 2010 . In May 2011 , Zille appointed Fritz to the position of Provincial Minister of Social Development , succeeding Patricia de Lille . Fritz took office on 1 June 2011 . Dan Plato succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Community Safety . On 7 October 2017 , he was elected Deputy Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance , succeeding Bonginkosi Madikizela , at the partys provincial conference held at the Every Nation Church in Goodwood , Cape Town . In May 2019 , Fritz was appointed Provincial Minister of Community Safety by newly elected Premier Alan Winde . He was re-elected as deputy provincial leader in November 2020 , defeating Tertuis Simmers . On 16 April 2021 , Fritz was appointed acting DA leader in the Western Cape after Madikizela had voluntarily stepped aside as provincial leader for two weeks amid a qualifications scandal . Madikizela resigned as provincial leader on 28 April . On 21 May 2021 , Fritz was elected as interim provincial leader unopposed after DA MPP Wendy Philander withdrew her candidacy . Personal life . He is married to Dianne Veldsman . They have one son named Charlton . Fritz refers to his mother , Theodora , as his rock . On 27 November 2020 , Fritz tested positive for COVID-19 . |
[
"Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament"
] | easy | What was the position of Albert Fritz in May 2019? | /wiki/Albert_Fritz#P39#3 | Albert Fritz Albert Theo Fritz ( born 1 July 1959 ) is a South African politician and advocate who has been the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Community Safety since 2019 , previously from 2010 to 2011 , and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since 2010 . He is the current interim Leader of the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) in the Western Cape following the suspension and resignation of Bonginkosi Madikizela in April 2021 . He served as the deputy DA provincial leader 2017 to 2021 . Fritz previously served as the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Social Development from 2011 to 2019 . From 2009 to 2010 , he was a Member of the National Assembly and the Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services . Early years and education . One of six children , Fritz was born in Woodstock , a suburb of Cape Town . He and his family later moved to District Six and were forcibly evicted in 1972 due to the Group Areas Act . They relocated to Hanover Park on the Cape Flats . He was expelled from Oaklands High School in 1976 , because of his involvement in an anti-apartheid uprising . At the University of the Western Cape , he achieved a BA Honours degree in Social Science and also an LLB . He soon enrolled for a masters degree in Social Sciences from the same university . Anti-apartheid activities and early career . Fritz arranged several school boycotts during the 1970s and 1980s . He became involved in various movements such as the Hanover Park Youth Movement and the Hanover Park Civic Association . He was a member of the Cape Housing Action Committee . During the 1980s , he was appointed an organiser for the Media Workers Association of South Africa . Fritz also joined the United Democratic Front . He joined the African National Congresss Strandfontein branch in 1990 , but soon moved to the partys Milnerton branch in 1996 . He was employed by the office of the Inspecting Judge in 1999 . He was promoted to the post of Chief Judicial Inspector of Prisons in South Africa in 2002 . In 2014 , Fritz was admitted to the Western Cape High Court as an advocate . In 2008 , Fritz announced that he was leaving the African National Congress . He subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance . Political career . On 6 May 2009 , Fritz took office as a Member of the National Assembly . Shortly afterwards , the Democratic Alliance Parliamentary Leader Athol Trollip appointed Fritz to the position of Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services , serving alongside James Selfe , who was reappointed as the Shadow Minister of Correctional Services . In September 2010 , Premier Helen Zille announced that Provincial Minister Lennit Max and Fritz would exchange positions . Max would become a Member of the National Assembly and Shadow Minister , while Fritz would become Provincial Minister of Community Safety and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament . Fritz left Parliament on 10 September 2010 . Fritz took office as Provincial Minister of Community Safety on 13 September 2010 . In May 2011 , Zille appointed Fritz to the position of Provincial Minister of Social Development , succeeding Patricia de Lille . Fritz took office on 1 June 2011 . Dan Plato succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Community Safety . On 7 October 2017 , he was elected Deputy Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance , succeeding Bonginkosi Madikizela , at the partys provincial conference held at the Every Nation Church in Goodwood , Cape Town . In May 2019 , Fritz was appointed Provincial Minister of Community Safety by newly elected Premier Alan Winde . He was re-elected as deputy provincial leader in November 2020 , defeating Tertuis Simmers . On 16 April 2021 , Fritz was appointed acting DA leader in the Western Cape after Madikizela had voluntarily stepped aside as provincial leader for two weeks amid a qualifications scandal . Madikizela resigned as provincial leader on 28 April . On 21 May 2021 , Fritz was elected as interim provincial leader unopposed after DA MPP Wendy Philander withdrew her candidacy . Personal life . He is married to Dianne Veldsman . They have one son named Charlton . Fritz refers to his mother , Theodora , as his rock . On 27 November 2020 , Fritz tested positive for COVID-19 . |
[
"Minister of Community Safety"
] | easy | Albert Fritz took which position from May 2019 to May 2020? | /wiki/Albert_Fritz#P39#4 | Albert Fritz Albert Theo Fritz ( born 1 July 1959 ) is a South African politician and advocate who has been the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Community Safety since 2019 , previously from 2010 to 2011 , and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament since 2010 . He is the current interim Leader of the Democratic Alliance ( DA ) in the Western Cape following the suspension and resignation of Bonginkosi Madikizela in April 2021 . He served as the deputy DA provincial leader 2017 to 2021 . Fritz previously served as the Western Cape Provincial Minister of Social Development from 2011 to 2019 . From 2009 to 2010 , he was a Member of the National Assembly and the Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services . Early years and education . One of six children , Fritz was born in Woodstock , a suburb of Cape Town . He and his family later moved to District Six and were forcibly evicted in 1972 due to the Group Areas Act . They relocated to Hanover Park on the Cape Flats . He was expelled from Oaklands High School in 1976 , because of his involvement in an anti-apartheid uprising . At the University of the Western Cape , he achieved a BA Honours degree in Social Science and also an LLB . He soon enrolled for a masters degree in Social Sciences from the same university . Anti-apartheid activities and early career . Fritz arranged several school boycotts during the 1970s and 1980s . He became involved in various movements such as the Hanover Park Youth Movement and the Hanover Park Civic Association . He was a member of the Cape Housing Action Committee . During the 1980s , he was appointed an organiser for the Media Workers Association of South Africa . Fritz also joined the United Democratic Front . He joined the African National Congresss Strandfontein branch in 1990 , but soon moved to the partys Milnerton branch in 1996 . He was employed by the office of the Inspecting Judge in 1999 . He was promoted to the post of Chief Judicial Inspector of Prisons in South Africa in 2002 . In 2014 , Fritz was admitted to the Western Cape High Court as an advocate . In 2008 , Fritz announced that he was leaving the African National Congress . He subsequently joined the Democratic Alliance . Political career . On 6 May 2009 , Fritz took office as a Member of the National Assembly . Shortly afterwards , the Democratic Alliance Parliamentary Leader Athol Trollip appointed Fritz to the position of Shadow Deputy Minister of Correctional Services , serving alongside James Selfe , who was reappointed as the Shadow Minister of Correctional Services . In September 2010 , Premier Helen Zille announced that Provincial Minister Lennit Max and Fritz would exchange positions . Max would become a Member of the National Assembly and Shadow Minister , while Fritz would become Provincial Minister of Community Safety and a Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament . Fritz left Parliament on 10 September 2010 . Fritz took office as Provincial Minister of Community Safety on 13 September 2010 . In May 2011 , Zille appointed Fritz to the position of Provincial Minister of Social Development , succeeding Patricia de Lille . Fritz took office on 1 June 2011 . Dan Plato succeeded him as Provincial Minister of Community Safety . On 7 October 2017 , he was elected Deputy Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance , succeeding Bonginkosi Madikizela , at the partys provincial conference held at the Every Nation Church in Goodwood , Cape Town . In May 2019 , Fritz was appointed Provincial Minister of Community Safety by newly elected Premier Alan Winde . He was re-elected as deputy provincial leader in November 2020 , defeating Tertuis Simmers . On 16 April 2021 , Fritz was appointed acting DA leader in the Western Cape after Madikizela had voluntarily stepped aside as provincial leader for two weeks amid a qualifications scandal . Madikizela resigned as provincial leader on 28 April . On 21 May 2021 , Fritz was elected as interim provincial leader unopposed after DA MPP Wendy Philander withdrew her candidacy . Personal life . He is married to Dianne Veldsman . They have one son named Charlton . Fritz refers to his mother , Theodora , as his rock . On 27 November 2020 , Fritz tested positive for COVID-19 . |
[
"Leicesters"
] | easy | Which team did Jon Ashton play for from 2001 to 2003? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#0 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Oxford United"
] | easy | Which team did Jon Ashton play for from 2003 to 2006? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#1 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Rushden & Diamonds"
] | easy | Which team did Jon Ashton play for from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#2 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Grays Athletic"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jon Ashton belong to from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#3 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Stevenage Borough"
] | easy | Jon Ashton played for which team from 2009 to 2015? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#4 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Crawley Town"
] | easy | Jon Ashton played for which team from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Jon_Ashton#P54#5 | Jon Ashton Jonathan James Ashton ( born 4 October 1982 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender . He is currently a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Ashton was part of Leicester Citys youth academy , progressing through the youth system for six years after joining the club at the age of 12 . He made seven Premier League appearances during Leicesters 2001–02 season , playing a total of 10 matches for the club . During his time at Leicester , Ashton was loaned out to both Notts County and Oxford United respectively , joining the latter permanently in September 2003 after his successful loan spell . He played over 100 matches for the club spanning over three league seasons , before being released in May 2006 . He signed for Rushden & Diamonds ahead of the 2006–07 season , spending one season at the club before joining Essex club Grays Athletic on a free transfer in May 2007 . He spent one and a half years with Grays , before signing for Stevenage Borough for an undisclosed fee in January 2009 . Ashton was an important part of the teams defence during the clubs successful 2009–10 season , a season in which Stevenage earned promotion to the Football League for the first time in the clubs history . The following season , Ashton played a key part in Stevenage earning back-to-back promotions to League One following their sixth-place finish and subsequent League Two play-off victory in May 2011 . Ashton has also earned four caps for the England C team . Club career . Early career . Ashton started his career at Leicester City as part of the clubs youth system . After progressing through the YTS ranks at the club , he signed his first professional contract in January 2001 . He made his first-team debut for Leicester in the Premier League in March 2002 , playing the whole match in a 2–0 defeat to Leeds United at Filbert Street . Ashton went on to play a further six matches towards the latter stages of the 2001–02 season . Although the club were relegated to the First Division , Ashton signed a new three-year deal at the end of the season . He started in the clubs first match of the 2002–03 campaign , a 6–1 defeat against Ipswich Town at Portman Road . Subsequently , Ashton only played one further match for Leicester , before being loaned out to Notts County on a one-month deal in November 2002 . A day after completing his loan move , he made his Notts County debut in a 2–2 draw against Mansfield Town , and played a further three games before returning to his parent club . On his return to Leicester , Ashton made one further appearance for the club , coming on as an 80th-minute substitute in the teams 1–1 draw with Norwich City . At the end of the season , Leicester made Ashton available for transfer . Oxford United . Ashton joined Third Division club Oxford United on an initial one-month loan deal just before the start of the 2003–04 season , making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 win against Lincoln City at Sincil Bank . After making seven appearances in all competitions during the first month of the season , with Oxford remaining unbeaten during that period , his move to the club was made permanent in September 2003 . He played regularly during the season , making 38 appearances , as Oxford finished just shy of the play-off places despite a strong start to their league season . He continued to hold down a regular place in the Oxford squad the following year , and made 31 appearances in all competitions , with Oxford finishing the season in a mid-table position . During the season , Ashton received the first red card of his career when he was sent-off after receiving two yellow cards in Oxfords 4–0 defeat to Southend United on 6 November 2004 . Just over a month later , he was sent-off once again , again for two bookable offences , against Swansea City at the Kassam Stadium . Under the new management of Brian Talbot , Ashton played 34 games during the clubs 2005–06 season , scoring his first goal for Oxford , and the first of his professional career , in a 1–1 draw with Rochdale in February 2006 , netting with a right-footed shot from just inside the area . However , after being openly criticised by Talbot following a 2–1 defeat at Stockport County , Ashton did not feature as regularly in the first team , making just one further appearance that season . In May 2006 , Ashton was released by new manager Jim Smith , ending his three-year tenure at the club . Rushden & Diamonds . A month after being released , he signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds , and made his debut on the opening day of the 2006–07 season in a 1–0 defeat to Crawley Town . He was a regular in central defence for Rushden throughout the season , and he scored his first goal in the clubs 4–1 away victory against Tamworth on 12 September 2006 . The goal was scored from the penalty spot late on in the second half to round off a comfortable victory . Ashton added one further goal to his tally during the season , powering home Curtis Woodhouses cross to ensure Rushden ended their four-game streak without a win with a 2–0 victory at Forest Green Rovers in March 2007 . Despite playing regularly , Ashton was transfer-listed by new Rushden manager Garry Hill in April 2007 , and was later told he was free to find a new club . He played 42 games for Rushden during his only season with the club , scoring twice . Grays Athletic . A month later , he joined fellow Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a free transfer , signing a two-year contract . Ashton made his Grays debut in a 0–0 draw away to recently relegated Torquay United , playing the whole match . Two weeks later , he scored his first goal for the Essex team in a 1–0 win against Altrincham , heading in Charley Hearns left-wing cross to give Grays the lead in the second-half . He scored one further time that season , scoring just before half-time as Grays secured a 2–0 home victory over Torquay United on 1 March 2008 . He made 47 appearances in all competitions during a season that witnessed Grays finish tenth in the Conference Premier . Ashton impressed in central defence during the 2007–08 season , and the defender was named as the Players Player of The Year and Supporters Player of The Year . He played a further 19 matches for Grays during the first half of the 2008–09 season,<ref played by John Ashton in 2008/2009></ref> but was placed on the transfer list by Grays following discussions with the club in which the player stated he would not be staying at the club for 2009–10 . Stevenage . Ashton joined Stevenage Borough on 29 January 2009 , signing for an undisclosed fee . The move reunited him with manager Graham Westley , who had previously managed Ashton during his brief stint at Rushden & Diamonds . He made his Stevenage debut in a 1–0 victory over Woking at Broadhall Way in February 2009 , making 13 appearances for the Hertfordshire club during 2008–09 . The following season , Ashton scored his first goal for Stevenage in a 2–0 victory over Eastbourne Borough , scoring with a header from Joel Byroms cross . He followed this up with another headed goal two months later in a 2–0 win against Kidderminster Harriers at Broadhall Way . Ashton added a third to his goal tally in the same season , sweeping home Stacy Longs corner to score the only goal of the game in a 1–0 win over Histon in March 2010 , securing Stevenage a vital three points , a win that moved them four points clear at the top of the league . He made 45 appearances in his first full season with Stevenage , scoring three times , as the club won the Conference Premier by 11 points , earning promotion into the Football League for the first time in their history . During the season , Stevenage had the tightest defence in the league , conceding just 24 goals in 44 games , and keeping 27 clean sheets . He played his first match of 2010–11 in Stevenages first ever Football League victory , a 3–1 win over Stockport County . Ashton scored his first goal of the season in a 4–1 away win at Edgar Street against Hereford United , scoring a glancing header from Lawrie Wilsons driven corner . Similarly to 2009–10 , Stevenages success was built on a tight defence , with the club conceding the fewest goals during the 2010–11 League Two season , keeping 19 clean sheets during the season . He made 38 appearances for Stevenage during the season , scoring once , as Stevenage earned promotion to League One in their first Football League season . At the end of the season , Ashton was voted Players Player of the Year and Player of the Year . Ashton played in Stevenages first ever League One fixture as Stevenage opened the 2011–12 season with a 0–0 home draw against Exeter City . He signed a new two-year contract with the club in September 2011 . Ashton scored his only goal of the season in April 2012 , scoring with a header in Stevenages 6–0 away win over Yeovil Town . He made 53 appearances in all competitions , as Stevenage were beaten in the play-off semi-finals after finishing sixth . Stevenages defence was , once again , particularly strong , with only league champions Charlton Athletic conceding fewer goals throughout the course of the season . He remained at Stevenage for the 2012–13 season , with the club stating that they had rejected several bids for him in the summer , along with fellow defensive partner Mark Roberts , from Doncaster Rovers . Ashton made his first appearance of the new season in the clubs 1–0 away victory over Leyton Orient on 21 August 2012 , and played in eight further matches as Stevenage remained unbeaten in the league during the first two months of the season . However , he suffered an achilles injury during Stevenages 2–2 draw with Bury at Broadhall Way on 29 September , the game turned out to be his last of the season . Although he returned to first-team training in January 2013 , he ruptured his achilles in a training session , ultimately ruling him out for the remainder of the season . Following the departure of manager Gary Smith in March 2013 , Ashton was named as part of the clubs coaching staff while the board appointed a new manager . At the end of the season , with Ashtons contract expiring in June , it was announced that he had signed a new two-year deal with Stevenage , keeping him contracted to the club until the summer of 2015 . Ahead of the 2013–14 season , Ashton was appointed club captain following the departure of his predecessor , Mark Roberts . On appointing Ashton as captain , Stevenage manager Graham Westley described him as the ideal man to lead our team forward . He has a great history at the club , he wins football matches and he leads men . As one fantastic captain departs , so another one is born . He symbolises the desire to succeed that is at the heart of Stevenage and his ambition is stronger than ever . On 17 May 2014 , Ashton signed a new one-year contract at Stevenage . Later career . After six years at Stevenage he left the club in the summer of 2015 , and joined League Two club Crawley Town on a one-year contract on 8 July 2015 . Ashton signed for National League club Braintree Town on 19 July 2016 . After a spell on loan with Grays Athletic on loan during the 2016–17 season , Ashton signed for the Isthmian League North club permanently on 8 July 2017 . However , Ashton was offered a role as player/assistant-manager at National League North club Nuneaton Town and joined them on 2 August . International career . Ashton was called up to the England C team , who represent England at non-League level , in May 2007 , for the Four Nations Tournament in Scotland . After football . Following his retirement from playing in 2018 , Ashton began working as a fitness coach at former club Stevenage . In 2021 , Ashton left Stevenage to become a first-team fitness coach at Ipswich Town . Personal life . He was born in Nuneaton , Warwickshire , and grew up in Whitestone attending St Thomas More Catholic School . Ashtons father is an artist . In May 2007 , Ashton was arrested with Danny Foster , facing three counts of vandalism after the pair danced in the streets of a Scottish Highlands town wrapping themselves in lager advertising banners . Honours . Stevenage - Conference Premier : 2009–10 - FA Trophy runner-up : 2009–10 - League Two play-offs : 2010–11 Individual - Stevenage Player of the Year : 2010–11 External links . - ( to 2008–09 ) - ( from 2008–09 ) |
[
"Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht",
"Titular Archbishop of Rhusium"
] | easy | Which position did Johannes de Jong hold in Aug 1935? | /wiki/Johannes_de_Jong#P39#0 | Johannes de Jong Johannes de Jong ( September 10 , 1885 – September 8 , 1955 ) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1936 until his death , and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII . Early life and ordination . Johannes de Jong was born in Nes , a village on the island of Ameland , as the eldest of nine children of Jan de Jong , a baker , and his wife Trijntje Mosterman . After attending the minor seminary in Culemborg from 1898 to 1904 , de Jong then studied at the Seminary of Rijsenburg for four years . He was ordained to the priesthood on August 15 , 1908 , and further studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome , obtaining his doctorates in philosophy and theology . His two youngest brothers , Julius ( 1896-1923 ) and Wiebren ( 1898-1962 ) were also priests . Priest . De Jong did pastoral work in Amersfoort , including work with the Sisters of Mercy , until 1914 , when he was made a professor at the Rijsenburg seminary on November 6 . Becoming the seminarys rector on August 14 , 1931 , he was named a canon of the cathedral of Utrecht in 1933 . Bishop and Archbishop . On August 3 , 1935 , de Jong was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Rhusium . He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 12 from Bishop Pieter Hopmans , with Bishops Arnold Diepen and Johannes Smit serving as co-consecrators , in St . Catherines Cathedral . De Jong succeeded Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen as Archbishop of Utrecht and thus Primate of the Netherlands . He was also the first archbishop in the Netherlands with a university degree since the restoration of the Dutch Catholic hierarchy in the middle of the 19th century . He said he didnt want to be another Theodor Innitzer , his colleague in Vienna with fascist sympathies . De Jong ordered his priests to refuse the sacraments to Nazi Dutchmen . During the Second World War , he was one of the major leaders against the Nazi occupation of Netherlands . On July 26 , 1942 Dutch bishops , including Archbishop Johannes de Jong , issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews . The Nazis retaliated by seizing 245 Catholics of Jewish descent , including Edith Stein . The Vatican used the Netherlands experience to explain its silence during the years of the Holocaust . After the German retaliation , Sister Pasqualina Lehnert , Pius XIIs housekeeper and confidante , said the Pope was convinced that while the Bishop’s protest cost more than two hundred lives , a protest by him would mean at least two hundred thousand innocent lives that he was not ready to sacrifice . While politicians , generals , and dictators might gamble with the lives of people , a Pope could not . Cardinal . De Jong was created Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18 , 1946 , but could not travel to Rome for the ceremony as he was recovering from a car accident . However , on October 12 of that year , the Dutch prelate went to Castel Gandolfo to receive his red hat from Pope Pius . In 1951 , de Jong , who was the first resident Dutch cardinal since the Protestant Reformation , had to leave the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor , Bernardus Johannes Alfrink . Meanwhile , de Jong retired to the same house where he had lived during his early priestly ministry in Amersfoort . Death . De Jong died in his sleep after a long illness in Amersfoort , two days before his 70th birthday . He is buried at St . Barbara cemetery in the court of St . Catherines Cathedral . External links . - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Catholic-Hierarchy |
[
"Archbishop of Utrecht",
"Primate of the Netherlands"
] | easy | What was the position of Johannes de Jong from Sep 1935 to Feb 1936? | /wiki/Johannes_de_Jong#P39#1 | Johannes de Jong Johannes de Jong ( September 10 , 1885 – September 8 , 1955 ) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1936 until his death , and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII . Early life and ordination . Johannes de Jong was born in Nes , a village on the island of Ameland , as the eldest of nine children of Jan de Jong , a baker , and his wife Trijntje Mosterman . After attending the minor seminary in Culemborg from 1898 to 1904 , de Jong then studied at the Seminary of Rijsenburg for four years . He was ordained to the priesthood on August 15 , 1908 , and further studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome , obtaining his doctorates in philosophy and theology . His two youngest brothers , Julius ( 1896-1923 ) and Wiebren ( 1898-1962 ) were also priests . Priest . De Jong did pastoral work in Amersfoort , including work with the Sisters of Mercy , until 1914 , when he was made a professor at the Rijsenburg seminary on November 6 . Becoming the seminarys rector on August 14 , 1931 , he was named a canon of the cathedral of Utrecht in 1933 . Bishop and Archbishop . On August 3 , 1935 , de Jong was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Rhusium . He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 12 from Bishop Pieter Hopmans , with Bishops Arnold Diepen and Johannes Smit serving as co-consecrators , in St . Catherines Cathedral . De Jong succeeded Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen as Archbishop of Utrecht and thus Primate of the Netherlands . He was also the first archbishop in the Netherlands with a university degree since the restoration of the Dutch Catholic hierarchy in the middle of the 19th century . He said he didnt want to be another Theodor Innitzer , his colleague in Vienna with fascist sympathies . De Jong ordered his priests to refuse the sacraments to Nazi Dutchmen . During the Second World War , he was one of the major leaders against the Nazi occupation of Netherlands . On July 26 , 1942 Dutch bishops , including Archbishop Johannes de Jong , issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews . The Nazis retaliated by seizing 245 Catholics of Jewish descent , including Edith Stein . The Vatican used the Netherlands experience to explain its silence during the years of the Holocaust . After the German retaliation , Sister Pasqualina Lehnert , Pius XIIs housekeeper and confidante , said the Pope was convinced that while the Bishop’s protest cost more than two hundred lives , a protest by him would mean at least two hundred thousand innocent lives that he was not ready to sacrifice . While politicians , generals , and dictators might gamble with the lives of people , a Pope could not . Cardinal . De Jong was created Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18 , 1946 , but could not travel to Rome for the ceremony as he was recovering from a car accident . However , on October 12 of that year , the Dutch prelate went to Castel Gandolfo to receive his red hat from Pope Pius . In 1951 , de Jong , who was the first resident Dutch cardinal since the Protestant Reformation , had to leave the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor , Bernardus Johannes Alfrink . Meanwhile , de Jong retired to the same house where he had lived during his early priestly ministry in Amersfoort . Death . De Jong died in his sleep after a long illness in Amersfoort , two days before his 70th birthday . He is buried at St . Barbara cemetery in the court of St . Catherines Cathedral . External links . - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Catholic-Hierarchy |
[
""
] | easy | What was the position of Johannes de Jong from Feb 1936 to Feb 1946? | /wiki/Johannes_de_Jong#P39#2 | Johannes de Jong Johannes de Jong ( September 10 , 1885 – September 8 , 1955 ) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1936 until his death , and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII . Early life and ordination . Johannes de Jong was born in Nes , a village on the island of Ameland , as the eldest of nine children of Jan de Jong , a baker , and his wife Trijntje Mosterman . After attending the minor seminary in Culemborg from 1898 to 1904 , de Jong then studied at the Seminary of Rijsenburg for four years . He was ordained to the priesthood on August 15 , 1908 , and further studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome , obtaining his doctorates in philosophy and theology . His two youngest brothers , Julius ( 1896-1923 ) and Wiebren ( 1898-1962 ) were also priests . Priest . De Jong did pastoral work in Amersfoort , including work with the Sisters of Mercy , until 1914 , when he was made a professor at the Rijsenburg seminary on November 6 . Becoming the seminarys rector on August 14 , 1931 , he was named a canon of the cathedral of Utrecht in 1933 . Bishop and Archbishop . On August 3 , 1935 , de Jong was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Rhusium . He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 12 from Bishop Pieter Hopmans , with Bishops Arnold Diepen and Johannes Smit serving as co-consecrators , in St . Catherines Cathedral . De Jong succeeded Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen as Archbishop of Utrecht and thus Primate of the Netherlands . He was also the first archbishop in the Netherlands with a university degree since the restoration of the Dutch Catholic hierarchy in the middle of the 19th century . He said he didnt want to be another Theodor Innitzer , his colleague in Vienna with fascist sympathies . De Jong ordered his priests to refuse the sacraments to Nazi Dutchmen . During the Second World War , he was one of the major leaders against the Nazi occupation of Netherlands . On July 26 , 1942 Dutch bishops , including Archbishop Johannes de Jong , issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews . The Nazis retaliated by seizing 245 Catholics of Jewish descent , including Edith Stein . The Vatican used the Netherlands experience to explain its silence during the years of the Holocaust . After the German retaliation , Sister Pasqualina Lehnert , Pius XIIs housekeeper and confidante , said the Pope was convinced that while the Bishop’s protest cost more than two hundred lives , a protest by him would mean at least two hundred thousand innocent lives that he was not ready to sacrifice . While politicians , generals , and dictators might gamble with the lives of people , a Pope could not . Cardinal . De Jong was created Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18 , 1946 , but could not travel to Rome for the ceremony as he was recovering from a car accident . However , on October 12 of that year , the Dutch prelate went to Castel Gandolfo to receive his red hat from Pope Pius . In 1951 , de Jong , who was the first resident Dutch cardinal since the Protestant Reformation , had to leave the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor , Bernardus Johannes Alfrink . Meanwhile , de Jong retired to the same house where he had lived during his early priestly ministry in Amersfoort . Death . De Jong died in his sleep after a long illness in Amersfoort , two days before his 70th birthday . He is buried at St . Barbara cemetery in the court of St . Catherines Cathedral . External links . - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Catholic-Hierarchy |
[
"Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente"
] | easy | Which position did Johannes de Jong hold from Feb 1946 to Feb 1947? | /wiki/Johannes_de_Jong#P39#3 | Johannes de Jong Johannes de Jong ( September 10 , 1885 – September 8 , 1955 ) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1936 until his death , and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII . Early life and ordination . Johannes de Jong was born in Nes , a village on the island of Ameland , as the eldest of nine children of Jan de Jong , a baker , and his wife Trijntje Mosterman . After attending the minor seminary in Culemborg from 1898 to 1904 , de Jong then studied at the Seminary of Rijsenburg for four years . He was ordained to the priesthood on August 15 , 1908 , and further studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome , obtaining his doctorates in philosophy and theology . His two youngest brothers , Julius ( 1896-1923 ) and Wiebren ( 1898-1962 ) were also priests . Priest . De Jong did pastoral work in Amersfoort , including work with the Sisters of Mercy , until 1914 , when he was made a professor at the Rijsenburg seminary on November 6 . Becoming the seminarys rector on August 14 , 1931 , he was named a canon of the cathedral of Utrecht in 1933 . Bishop and Archbishop . On August 3 , 1935 , de Jong was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Rhusium . He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 12 from Bishop Pieter Hopmans , with Bishops Arnold Diepen and Johannes Smit serving as co-consecrators , in St . Catherines Cathedral . De Jong succeeded Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen as Archbishop of Utrecht and thus Primate of the Netherlands . He was also the first archbishop in the Netherlands with a university degree since the restoration of the Dutch Catholic hierarchy in the middle of the 19th century . He said he didnt want to be another Theodor Innitzer , his colleague in Vienna with fascist sympathies . De Jong ordered his priests to refuse the sacraments to Nazi Dutchmen . During the Second World War , he was one of the major leaders against the Nazi occupation of Netherlands . On July 26 , 1942 Dutch bishops , including Archbishop Johannes de Jong , issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews . The Nazis retaliated by seizing 245 Catholics of Jewish descent , including Edith Stein . The Vatican used the Netherlands experience to explain its silence during the years of the Holocaust . After the German retaliation , Sister Pasqualina Lehnert , Pius XIIs housekeeper and confidante , said the Pope was convinced that while the Bishop’s protest cost more than two hundred lives , a protest by him would mean at least two hundred thousand innocent lives that he was not ready to sacrifice . While politicians , generals , and dictators might gamble with the lives of people , a Pope could not . Cardinal . De Jong was created Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18 , 1946 , but could not travel to Rome for the ceremony as he was recovering from a car accident . However , on October 12 of that year , the Dutch prelate went to Castel Gandolfo to receive his red hat from Pope Pius . In 1951 , de Jong , who was the first resident Dutch cardinal since the Protestant Reformation , had to leave the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor , Bernardus Johannes Alfrink . Meanwhile , de Jong retired to the same house where he had lived during his early priestly ministry in Amersfoort . Death . De Jong died in his sleep after a long illness in Amersfoort , two days before his 70th birthday . He is buried at St . Barbara cemetery in the court of St . Catherines Cathedral . External links . - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Catholic-Hierarchy |
[
"Fort McMurray"
] | easy | What was the official name of Fort McMurray from 1870 to May 1947? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#0 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
"village of McMurray"
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from May 1947 to Dec 1948? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#1 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
""
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from Dec 1948 to Jun 1962? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#2 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
"downtown of Fort McMurray"
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from Jun 1962 to Jun 1964? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#3 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
""
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from Jun 1964 to Sep 1980? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#4 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
"City of Fort McMurray"
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from Sep 1980 to Apr 1995? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#5 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
""
] | easy | Fort McMurray was officially named what from Apr 1995 to Apr 1996? | /wiki/Fort_McMurray#P1448#6 | Fort McMurray Fort McMurray ( ) is an urban service area in the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo in Alberta , Canada . It is located in northeast Alberta , in the middle of the Athabasca oil sands , surrounded by boreal forest . It has played a significant role in the development of the national petroleum industry . The 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire led to the evacuation of its residents and caused widespread damage . Formerly a city , Fort McMurray became an urban service area when it amalgamated with Improvement District No . 143 on April 1 , 1995 , to create the Municipality of Wood Buffalo ( renamed the RM of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 ) . Despite its current official designation of urban service area , many locals , politicians and the media still refer to Fort McMurray as a city . Fort McMurray was known simply as McMurray between 1947 and 1962 . History . Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 18th century , the Cree were the dominant First Nations people in the Fort McMurray area . The Athabasca oil sands were known to the locals and the surface deposits were used to waterproof their canoes . During the fur trade , the location of Fort McMurray , west of Methye Portage , was an important junction on the fur trade route from eastern Canada to the Athabasca Country . In 1778 , the first European explorer , Peter Pond , came to the region in search of furs , as the European demand for this commodity at the time was strong . Pond explored the region farther south along the Athabasca River and the Clearwater River , but chose to set up a trading post much farther north by the Athabasca River near Lake Athabasca . However , his post closed in 1788 in favour of Fort Chipewyan , now the oldest continuous settlement in Alberta . In 1790 , the explorer Alexander MacKenzie made the first recorded description of the oil sands . By that time , trading between the explorers and the Cree was already occurring at the confluence of the Clearwater and Athabasca Rivers . The Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company were in fierce competition in this region . Fort McMurray was established there as a Hudsons Bay Company post by 1870 , named for the Chief Factor William McMurray . It continued to operate as a transportation stopover in the decades afterwards . The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway arrived in 1915 complementing existing steamboat service . The community has played a significant role in the history of the petroleum industry in Canada . Oil exploration is known to have occurred in the early 20th century , but Fort McMurrays population remained small , no more than a few hundred people . By 1921 , there was serious interest in developing a refining plant to separate the oil from the sands . Alcan Oil Company was the first outfit to begin bulk tests at Fort McMurray . The nearby community of Waterways was established to provide a southern terminus for waterborne transportation when the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway reached there in 1921 . Abasands Oil was the first company to successfully extract oil from the oil sands through hot water extraction by the 1930s , but production was very low . Fort McMurrays processing output gradually grew to over 1,100 barrels/day by World War II , and Fort McMurray was set up by the US and Canadian forces as staging ground for the Canol Project . Fort McMurray and Waterways amalgamated as the village of McMurray ( the Fort was dropped until 1962 , when it was restored to reflect its heritage ) by 1947 , and became a town a year later . Fort McMurray was granted the status of new town so it could get more provincial funding . By 1966 , the towns population was over 2,000 . In 1967 , the Great Canadian Oil Sands ( now Suncor ) plant opened and Fort McMurrays growth soon took off . More oil sands plants were opened , especially after the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when serious political tensions and conflicts in the Middle East triggered oil price spikes . The population of the town reached 6,847 by 1971 and climbed to 31,000 by 1981 , a year after its incorporation as a city . The city continued to grow for a few years even after the oil bust caused by the 2003 collapse in world oil prices . The population peaked at almost 37,000 in 1985 , then declined to under 34,000 by 1989 . Low oil prices since the oil price collapse in 1986 slowed the oil sands production greatly , as oil extraction from the oil sands is a very expensive process and lower world prices made this uneconomical . Oil price increases since 2003 made oil extraction profitable again for around a decade , until another slump in oil prices which began in December 2014 and deepened in 2015 resulted in layoffs and postponement of projects . On April 1 , 1995 , the City of Fort McMurray and Improvement District No . 143 were amalgamated to form the Municipality of Wood Buffalo . The new municipality was subsequently renamed the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo on August 14 , 1996 . As a result , Fort McMurray was no longer officially designated a city . Instead , it was designated an urban service area within a specialized municipality . The amalgamation resulted in the entire RM of Wood Buffalo being under a single government . Its municipal office is located in Fort McMurray . In June 2013 , heavy rains caused the Hangingstone River to flood , causing a six-day state of emergency , a bridge collapse , the closure of highways 63 and 881 , and the evacuation of 150 people . The flooding was part of more widespread floods in southern Alberta . May 2016 wildfire . On May 3 , 2016 , a large wildfire burning southwest of Fort McMurray resulted in the mandatory evacuation of the community . Record-breaking temperatures , reaching , low relative humidity and strong winds contributed to the fires rapid growth in forests affected by an unusually dry and warm winter . Upwards of 88,000 people in the community and surrounding region were evacuated . It was Canadas largest recorded wildfire evacuation in history and third-largest recorded environmental disaster evacuation behind the 1979 Mississauga train derailment and the 1950 Red River flood . About one-fifth of homes in the community were reported to be destroyed in the fire . May 2017 chlorine gas release . In 2017 chlorine gas was released in Fort McMurray , after chemicals were mixed improperly at a water treatment plant . The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo was fined for the incident in 2020 . April 2020 flood . On April 27 , 2020 , massive ice jams along the Athabasca River resulted in a major flood . It devastated the downtown of Fort McMurray , submerging streets and ruining businesses , cars and houses , and completely wrecking a street , Manning Avenue . Around 13,000 people from Fort McMurray and the surrounding area were evacuated . Geography . Fort McMurray is northeast of Edmonton on Highway 63 , about west of the Saskatchewan border , nestled in the boreal forest at the confluence of the Athabasca River , the Clearwater River , the Hangingstone River , and the Horse River . It sits at above sea level . Fort McMurray is the largest community in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo . White spruce , trembling aspen , balsam poplar and white birch are the most prominent native trees in and around town . Black spruce and tamarack occur in poorly drained areas and jack pine may be seen on the driest sites . European aspen , blue spruce and sand cherry are among the exotic trees occasionally seen . Climate . With severe winters except during periods of warming chinook winds , mild to warm summers and only three months which average temperature is higher than , Fort McMurray has a borderline subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc ) , very slightly below to be considered a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) as May averages ; and falls into the Natural Resources Canada ( NRC ) Plant Hardiness Zone 3a . The community lies at a lower elevation than most other parts of Alberta , so under the right conditions it can be a hot spot for Alberta , or even all of Canada ( as in April 1980 when its daily mean temperature of was unsurpassed by any other Canadian station ) . Temperatures range from an average of in January , to in July . The average annual precipitation is and falls mainly in the summer months . Average annual snowfall is , most of which falls between October and April . The highest temperature ever recorded in Fort McMurray was on July 18 , 1941 . The lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 1 , 1917 and December 31 , 1933 . Neighbourhoods . Neighbourhoods in Fort McMurray include Abasand Heights , Beacon Hill , Eagle Ridge , Grayling Terrace , Gregoire , Lower Townsite , Parsons Creek , Prairie Creek , Saline Creek , Stone Creek , Thickwood Heights , Dickinsfield , Timberlea , Waterways . Demographics . Federal census . In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fort McMurray recorded a population of 66,573 living in 23,937 of its 28,567 total private dwellings , a change from its 2011 population of 60,555 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016 . In the 2011 Census , Fort McMurray had a population of 61,374 living in 21,729 of its 26,401 total dwellings , a 28.7% change from its 2006 population of 47,705 . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2011 . Municipal census . The permanent population of Fort McMurray according to its 2018 municipal census is 72,056 , a change of from its 2015 municipal census permanent population of 78,382 . In addition , the 2018 municipal census counted a shadow population of 3,559 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 75,615 , while the 2015 municipal census counted 4,342 non-permanent residents for a combined population of 82,724 . Migration . Fort McMurray is a multicultural community , attracting people from all corners of Canada and the world . Generally , moves to Fort McMurray have increased in the last decade . Still , Albertans make up almost half the number of migrants to Fort McMurray , followed by 17% of people originating from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador . Economy . Fort McMurray is considered the heart of one of Albertas ( and Canadas ) hubs of petroleum production , located near the Athabasca oil sands . Besides the oil sands , the economy also relies on natural gas and pipeline transport , forestry and tourism . Oil sands producers include Syncrude , Suncor Energy , Canadian Natural Resources , and CNOOC Petroleum North America ULC . Fort McMurrays growth is characteristic of a boomtown . Housing prices and rents are far higher in Fort McMurray than most such remote areas , and in 2006 , Fort McMurray had the highest prices in Alberta . The Alberta government has promised to release more Crown land for residential construction , particularly in Timberlea on the north side . Infrastructure . Air . There are several airports in the area , with Fort McMurray International Airport being the largest in northern Alberta . It is serviced by Air Canada , Air Canada Express , McMurray Aviation , Northwestern Air , WestJet and WestJet Encore , with scheduled flights to Calgary , Edmonton , Fort Chipewyan , Fort Smith , and Toronto . The airport is also serviced by various oil companies with corporate and charter flights heading north to private airstrips at oil sands operations . Flights are frequently booked to capacity because of the high transient worker population and workers who commute to Fort McMurray from other parts of Canada . Public transit . Fort McMurray Transit operates in the community , with routes that extend to all subdivisions on the south side and subdivisions on the north side . Although the service concentrates on Fort McMurray it does operate to hamlets in the RM including Anzac , Janvier , Conklin and Fort McKay . Bus . Ebus and Red Arrow operate scheduled passenger bus services to Edmonton and other communities along Highway 63 , as well as other destinations farther south . Highways and roads . Highway 63 is the only highway between Fort McMurray and Edmonton . Due to the industrial demands of the oilsands , Highway 63 boasts some of the highest tonnage per kilometre in Canada , and the largest and heaviest loads that trucks have ever carried . Highway 63 was fully twinned in May 2016 . Highway 881 also provides access to the region from Lac La Biche . Rail . Canadian National Railway ( CN ) discontinued the Muskeg Mixed ( mixed train ) to Fort McMurray in 1989 , and there has been no passenger rail service since . CN continues to operate freight service on its line Lac La Biche and points beyond . Mail . Canada Post identified Fort McMurray as having a particularly high cost to serve in January 2014 , and planned to institute a surcharge of $5.00 for all parcels shipped to the area . However , the postal service retracted this decision before the rate change went into effect . Education . The Fort McMurray Public School District ( FMPSD ) and Catholic School District both serve the primary , elementary , and secondary education needs of students in Fort McMurray . Each school district offers diverse programs like French immersion , performing arts or a dedicated technology and science lab , however only FMPSD offers the Advanced Placement program at one of their schools , being Westwood Community High School . On Abasand Drive , École Boréal is the only francophone school in the area and goes from pre-kindergarten to grade 12 . Keyano College is a publicly funded college and vocational institute based in the area and plays a role in training workers for the oil sands . Known as the cultural hub of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo , Keyano College contains both a state-of-the-art theatre and recital hall , hosting a variety of musical and theatrical events that attract upwards of 50,000 visitors each season . Sports and recreation . Local teams include the Fort McMurray Oil Barons of the Alberta Junior Hockey League ( AJHL ) , the Fort McMurray Giants of the Western Canadian Baseball League ( WCBL ) , and the Keyano Huskies of the Alberta Colleges Athletics Conference ( ACAC ) . The MacDonald Island Park recreation centre is located on MacDonald Island north-east of downtown . The centre contains the Wood Buffalo Regional Library , indoor water park , basketball , tennis and squash courts , rock climbing , fitness centre , indoor playground , ice rinks and public rental space . Shell Place , a connected recreational facility , and a seasonal golf course surround the centre . Fort McMurray Knights Rugby Football Club is also based in the town . |
[
"Royal Dutch Shell"
] | easy | Eric Wiebes was an employee for whom from 1987 to 1989? | /wiki/Eric_Wiebes#P108#0 | Eric Wiebes Eric Derk Wiebes ( born 12 March 1963 ) is a retired Dutch politician who served as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet since 26 October 2017 until 15 January 2021 . He is a member of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) . A management consultant by occupation , he worked for the Royal Dutch Shell from 1987 until 1989 , the McKinsey & Company from 1990 until 1992 and for OC&C Strategy Consultants from 1993 until 2004 . Wiebes then became a civil servant working for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 2004 until 2010 when he was appointed as an alderman of Amsterdam serving from 19 May 2010 until 4 February 2014 . After the resignation of Frans Weekers as State Secretary for Finance , Wiebes was nominated to succeed him and resigned as alderman . He took office in the Second Rutte cabinet ; following the general election of 2017 , he was asked to become Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy . He resigned on January 15 , 2021 . Education and private career . Wiebes was born in Delft on 12 March 1963 and grew up in Muiderberg . His father , a nuclear physicist , died when he was nine years old . He completed his vwo ( secondary education ) in nearby Bussum , graduating in 1981 . He continued his studies the same year at Delft University of Technology studying mechanical engineering . In 1986 he obtained an engineers degree , having specialized himself in policy functions concerning government . Wiebes then started working in the private sector , being employed at Shell from April 1987 to January 1990 , McKinsey & Company from January 1990 to January 1993 , and OC&C Strategy Consultants from January 1993 to April 2004 . In 1991 he earned an MBA degree in business administration at INSEAD in Fontainebleau , France . From September 2004 until May 2010 he was employed at the Ministry of Economic Affairs . Until September 2007 he was director of Market mechanism , and the last three years he spent as deputy secretary-general . Politics . Municipality of Amsterdam . Wiebes discussed his future career together with Willibrord van Beek , at the time a member of the House of Representatives . Van Beek advised taking up a position as alderman . Wiebes declined two offers from smaller municipalities which he deemed not challenging enough . In 2010 , the municipality of Amsterdam was searching for a new alderman from the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy . Eric van der Burg , the local party leader , asked Van Beek if he knew a candidate ; Van Beek then advised choosing Wiebes . Prime Minister Mark Rutte put Wiebes name forward as well . Wiebes accepted the offer . As alderman in Amsterdam Wiebes dealt with problematic topics such as the municipal ICT , air quality , construction of the new Noord/Zuidlijn metro-line , and the local taxi-market . Wiebes served as alderman between 19 May 2010 and 4 February 2014 . National government . On 30 January 2014 , Frans Weekers resigned as State Secretary of Finance . As successor to Weekers Wiebes was tasked with solving the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration . He entered office on 4 February . In May 2015 , after an investigation of a committee of the European Parliament on a tax deal the Netherlands made with Starbucks , Wiebes stated that the Netherlands was not a tax haven . During his time in office the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration remained , with a departure scheme unexpectedly leading too many experied personnel leaving the organization . The modernization of the ICT also remained problematic . He was the only politician not to lose his position over the problems . On 26 October 2017 , Wiebes was appointed Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet . During his term in office the extraction of natural gas in the Netherlands was stopped . However , there was criticism of his role in management of problems which were caused by the extraction of gas during decades . Peter de Waard , a journalist at de Volkskrant described Wiebes as a realist and pragmatist , but also as one who at times makes big statements too easily . Personal life . Wiebes has two children . He is an atheist . External links . - Official - Ir . E.D . ( Eric ) Wiebes MBA Parlement & Politiek |
[
"McKinsey & Company"
] | easy | Who did Eric Wiebes work for from 1990 to 1992? | /wiki/Eric_Wiebes#P108#1 | Eric Wiebes Eric Derk Wiebes ( born 12 March 1963 ) is a retired Dutch politician who served as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet since 26 October 2017 until 15 January 2021 . He is a member of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) . A management consultant by occupation , he worked for the Royal Dutch Shell from 1987 until 1989 , the McKinsey & Company from 1990 until 1992 and for OC&C Strategy Consultants from 1993 until 2004 . Wiebes then became a civil servant working for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 2004 until 2010 when he was appointed as an alderman of Amsterdam serving from 19 May 2010 until 4 February 2014 . After the resignation of Frans Weekers as State Secretary for Finance , Wiebes was nominated to succeed him and resigned as alderman . He took office in the Second Rutte cabinet ; following the general election of 2017 , he was asked to become Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy . He resigned on January 15 , 2021 . Education and private career . Wiebes was born in Delft on 12 March 1963 and grew up in Muiderberg . His father , a nuclear physicist , died when he was nine years old . He completed his vwo ( secondary education ) in nearby Bussum , graduating in 1981 . He continued his studies the same year at Delft University of Technology studying mechanical engineering . In 1986 he obtained an engineers degree , having specialized himself in policy functions concerning government . Wiebes then started working in the private sector , being employed at Shell from April 1987 to January 1990 , McKinsey & Company from January 1990 to January 1993 , and OC&C Strategy Consultants from January 1993 to April 2004 . In 1991 he earned an MBA degree in business administration at INSEAD in Fontainebleau , France . From September 2004 until May 2010 he was employed at the Ministry of Economic Affairs . Until September 2007 he was director of Market mechanism , and the last three years he spent as deputy secretary-general . Politics . Municipality of Amsterdam . Wiebes discussed his future career together with Willibrord van Beek , at the time a member of the House of Representatives . Van Beek advised taking up a position as alderman . Wiebes declined two offers from smaller municipalities which he deemed not challenging enough . In 2010 , the municipality of Amsterdam was searching for a new alderman from the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy . Eric van der Burg , the local party leader , asked Van Beek if he knew a candidate ; Van Beek then advised choosing Wiebes . Prime Minister Mark Rutte put Wiebes name forward as well . Wiebes accepted the offer . As alderman in Amsterdam Wiebes dealt with problematic topics such as the municipal ICT , air quality , construction of the new Noord/Zuidlijn metro-line , and the local taxi-market . Wiebes served as alderman between 19 May 2010 and 4 February 2014 . National government . On 30 January 2014 , Frans Weekers resigned as State Secretary of Finance . As successor to Weekers Wiebes was tasked with solving the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration . He entered office on 4 February . In May 2015 , after an investigation of a committee of the European Parliament on a tax deal the Netherlands made with Starbucks , Wiebes stated that the Netherlands was not a tax haven . During his time in office the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration remained , with a departure scheme unexpectedly leading too many experied personnel leaving the organization . The modernization of the ICT also remained problematic . He was the only politician not to lose his position over the problems . On 26 October 2017 , Wiebes was appointed Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet . During his term in office the extraction of natural gas in the Netherlands was stopped . However , there was criticism of his role in management of problems which were caused by the extraction of gas during decades . Peter de Waard , a journalist at de Volkskrant described Wiebes as a realist and pragmatist , but also as one who at times makes big statements too easily . Personal life . Wiebes has two children . He is an atheist . External links . - Official - Ir . E.D . ( Eric ) Wiebes MBA Parlement & Politiek |
[
"OC&C Strategy Consultants"
] | easy | Eric Wiebes was an employee for whom from 1993 to 2004? | /wiki/Eric_Wiebes#P108#2 | Eric Wiebes Eric Derk Wiebes ( born 12 March 1963 ) is a retired Dutch politician who served as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet since 26 October 2017 until 15 January 2021 . He is a member of the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD ) . A management consultant by occupation , he worked for the Royal Dutch Shell from 1987 until 1989 , the McKinsey & Company from 1990 until 1992 and for OC&C Strategy Consultants from 1993 until 2004 . Wiebes then became a civil servant working for the Ministry of Economic Affairs from 2004 until 2010 when he was appointed as an alderman of Amsterdam serving from 19 May 2010 until 4 February 2014 . After the resignation of Frans Weekers as State Secretary for Finance , Wiebes was nominated to succeed him and resigned as alderman . He took office in the Second Rutte cabinet ; following the general election of 2017 , he was asked to become Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy . He resigned on January 15 , 2021 . Education and private career . Wiebes was born in Delft on 12 March 1963 and grew up in Muiderberg . His father , a nuclear physicist , died when he was nine years old . He completed his vwo ( secondary education ) in nearby Bussum , graduating in 1981 . He continued his studies the same year at Delft University of Technology studying mechanical engineering . In 1986 he obtained an engineers degree , having specialized himself in policy functions concerning government . Wiebes then started working in the private sector , being employed at Shell from April 1987 to January 1990 , McKinsey & Company from January 1990 to January 1993 , and OC&C Strategy Consultants from January 1993 to April 2004 . In 1991 he earned an MBA degree in business administration at INSEAD in Fontainebleau , France . From September 2004 until May 2010 he was employed at the Ministry of Economic Affairs . Until September 2007 he was director of Market mechanism , and the last three years he spent as deputy secretary-general . Politics . Municipality of Amsterdam . Wiebes discussed his future career together with Willibrord van Beek , at the time a member of the House of Representatives . Van Beek advised taking up a position as alderman . Wiebes declined two offers from smaller municipalities which he deemed not challenging enough . In 2010 , the municipality of Amsterdam was searching for a new alderman from the Peoples Party for Freedom and Democracy . Eric van der Burg , the local party leader , asked Van Beek if he knew a candidate ; Van Beek then advised choosing Wiebes . Prime Minister Mark Rutte put Wiebes name forward as well . Wiebes accepted the offer . As alderman in Amsterdam Wiebes dealt with problematic topics such as the municipal ICT , air quality , construction of the new Noord/Zuidlijn metro-line , and the local taxi-market . Wiebes served as alderman between 19 May 2010 and 4 February 2014 . National government . On 30 January 2014 , Frans Weekers resigned as State Secretary of Finance . As successor to Weekers Wiebes was tasked with solving the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration . He entered office on 4 February . In May 2015 , after an investigation of a committee of the European Parliament on a tax deal the Netherlands made with Starbucks , Wiebes stated that the Netherlands was not a tax haven . During his time in office the problems at the Tax and Customs Administration remained , with a departure scheme unexpectedly leading too many experied personnel leaving the organization . The modernization of the ICT also remained problematic . He was the only politician not to lose his position over the problems . On 26 October 2017 , Wiebes was appointed Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Policy in the Third Rutte cabinet . During his term in office the extraction of natural gas in the Netherlands was stopped . However , there was criticism of his role in management of problems which were caused by the extraction of gas during decades . Peter de Waard , a journalist at de Volkskrant described Wiebes as a realist and pragmatist , but also as one who at times makes big statements too easily . Personal life . Wiebes has two children . He is an atheist . External links . - Official - Ir . E.D . ( Eric ) Wiebes MBA Parlement & Politiek |
[
"served in the South Australian House of Assembly"
] | easy | Which position did Mark Brindal hold from Nov 1989 to Dec 1997? | /wiki/Mark_Brindal#P39#0 | Mark Brindal Mark Brindal ( born 12 May 1948 ) is a former Australian politician who served in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 to 2006 , representing the Liberal Party . He was a government minister between 1997 and 2002 , under premiers John Olsen and Rob Kerin . Early life . Brindal was born in South Australia and was educated at Enfield Primary School and the Adelaide Technical High School . He was employed briefly by The Adelaide Advertiser before undertaking tertiary study at the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia . Brindal began a teaching career in 1968 , working at Cockburn Primary School and Northfield Primary School , before becoming principal of Cook Primary School in 1975 . He was seconded to a professional consultancy in educational disadvantage accruing form isolation in 1979 . He rose in this position to rural state coordinator . In 1979 he was appointed as an advisor with the Country Areas Program in South Australia . He subsequently became state coordinator of the program . Politics . Brindal entered parliament at the 1989 election , successfully running for the seat of Hayward . At the 1993 election he ran again , winning the seat of Unley . Prior to 1993 it had been held by the Labor Party . The electoral redistribution ahead of the 2002 election had a large effect on Unley , losing several suburbs west of Goodwood Road and gaining several suburbs east of Fullarton Road , changing Unley from a marginal seat to a fairly safe to safe Liberal seat in one stroke . He held portfolios including Minister for Water Resources , Minister for Employment and Training , Minister Assisting for Tourism , Minister for Local Government , Minister for Employment , Minister for Youth , Minister Assisting for Environment and Heritage , Member of the Executive Council , and shadow portfolios for Water Resources , Youth , Employment and Training , and Local Government . The Advertiser reported in late 2005 of Brindals homosexual affair with a 24-year-old man , who was alleged to have a mental incapacity , occurring in Brindals electoral office several times − after allegations of a blackmail by the mans previous foster carer , the then Liberal leader Rob Kerin was subsequently promptly interviewed by members of the anti-corruption branch . Brindal did not contest Liberal preselection for Unley ahead of the 2006 election , but gained Liberal preselection for the marginal Labor seat of Adelaide , however he stepped down from Liberal preselection in Adelaide following the revelations of late 2005 and did not contest the election . Later life . Following his retirement from politics , Brindal has remained as a consultant and commentator . He has completed his Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide . He is currently undertaking his PhD at the School of Agriculture , Food and Wine at the University of Adelaide . His research is in the area of the economics of Water Management . External links . - Parliamentary Profile : SA Parliament website |
[
"government minister"
] | easy | Which position did Mark Brindal hold from Dec 1997 to Feb 2000? | /wiki/Mark_Brindal#P39#1 | Mark Brindal Mark Brindal ( born 12 May 1948 ) is a former Australian politician who served in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 to 2006 , representing the Liberal Party . He was a government minister between 1997 and 2002 , under premiers John Olsen and Rob Kerin . Early life . Brindal was born in South Australia and was educated at Enfield Primary School and the Adelaide Technical High School . He was employed briefly by The Adelaide Advertiser before undertaking tertiary study at the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia . Brindal began a teaching career in 1968 , working at Cockburn Primary School and Northfield Primary School , before becoming principal of Cook Primary School in 1975 . He was seconded to a professional consultancy in educational disadvantage accruing form isolation in 1979 . He rose in this position to rural state coordinator . In 1979 he was appointed as an advisor with the Country Areas Program in South Australia . He subsequently became state coordinator of the program . Politics . Brindal entered parliament at the 1989 election , successfully running for the seat of Hayward . At the 1993 election he ran again , winning the seat of Unley . Prior to 1993 it had been held by the Labor Party . The electoral redistribution ahead of the 2002 election had a large effect on Unley , losing several suburbs west of Goodwood Road and gaining several suburbs east of Fullarton Road , changing Unley from a marginal seat to a fairly safe to safe Liberal seat in one stroke . He held portfolios including Minister for Water Resources , Minister for Employment and Training , Minister Assisting for Tourism , Minister for Local Government , Minister for Employment , Minister for Youth , Minister Assisting for Environment and Heritage , Member of the Executive Council , and shadow portfolios for Water Resources , Youth , Employment and Training , and Local Government . The Advertiser reported in late 2005 of Brindals homosexual affair with a 24-year-old man , who was alleged to have a mental incapacity , occurring in Brindals electoral office several times − after allegations of a blackmail by the mans previous foster carer , the then Liberal leader Rob Kerin was subsequently promptly interviewed by members of the anti-corruption branch . Brindal did not contest Liberal preselection for Unley ahead of the 2006 election , but gained Liberal preselection for the marginal Labor seat of Adelaide , however he stepped down from Liberal preselection in Adelaide following the revelations of late 2005 and did not contest the election . Later life . Following his retirement from politics , Brindal has remained as a consultant and commentator . He has completed his Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide . He is currently undertaking his PhD at the School of Agriculture , Food and Wine at the University of Adelaide . His research is in the area of the economics of Water Management . External links . - Parliamentary Profile : SA Parliament website |
[
"Minister for Youth"
] | easy | What was the position of Mark Brindal from Feb 2000 to Dec 2001? | /wiki/Mark_Brindal#P39#2 | Mark Brindal Mark Brindal ( born 12 May 1948 ) is a former Australian politician who served in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 to 2006 , representing the Liberal Party . He was a government minister between 1997 and 2002 , under premiers John Olsen and Rob Kerin . Early life . Brindal was born in South Australia and was educated at Enfield Primary School and the Adelaide Technical High School . He was employed briefly by The Adelaide Advertiser before undertaking tertiary study at the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia . Brindal began a teaching career in 1968 , working at Cockburn Primary School and Northfield Primary School , before becoming principal of Cook Primary School in 1975 . He was seconded to a professional consultancy in educational disadvantage accruing form isolation in 1979 . He rose in this position to rural state coordinator . In 1979 he was appointed as an advisor with the Country Areas Program in South Australia . He subsequently became state coordinator of the program . Politics . Brindal entered parliament at the 1989 election , successfully running for the seat of Hayward . At the 1993 election he ran again , winning the seat of Unley . Prior to 1993 it had been held by the Labor Party . The electoral redistribution ahead of the 2002 election had a large effect on Unley , losing several suburbs west of Goodwood Road and gaining several suburbs east of Fullarton Road , changing Unley from a marginal seat to a fairly safe to safe Liberal seat in one stroke . He held portfolios including Minister for Water Resources , Minister for Employment and Training , Minister Assisting for Tourism , Minister for Local Government , Minister for Employment , Minister for Youth , Minister Assisting for Environment and Heritage , Member of the Executive Council , and shadow portfolios for Water Resources , Youth , Employment and Training , and Local Government . The Advertiser reported in late 2005 of Brindals homosexual affair with a 24-year-old man , who was alleged to have a mental incapacity , occurring in Brindals electoral office several times − after allegations of a blackmail by the mans previous foster carer , the then Liberal leader Rob Kerin was subsequently promptly interviewed by members of the anti-corruption branch . Brindal did not contest Liberal preselection for Unley ahead of the 2006 election , but gained Liberal preselection for the marginal Labor seat of Adelaide , however he stepped down from Liberal preselection in Adelaide following the revelations of late 2005 and did not contest the election . Later life . Following his retirement from politics , Brindal has remained as a consultant and commentator . He has completed his Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide . He is currently undertaking his PhD at the School of Agriculture , Food and Wine at the University of Adelaide . His research is in the area of the economics of Water Management . External links . - Parliamentary Profile : SA Parliament website |
[
"Minister for Local Government"
] | easy | What position did Mark Brindal take from Dec 2001 to Mar 2002? | /wiki/Mark_Brindal#P39#3 | Mark Brindal Mark Brindal ( born 12 May 1948 ) is a former Australian politician who served in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 to 2006 , representing the Liberal Party . He was a government minister between 1997 and 2002 , under premiers John Olsen and Rob Kerin . Early life . Brindal was born in South Australia and was educated at Enfield Primary School and the Adelaide Technical High School . He was employed briefly by The Adelaide Advertiser before undertaking tertiary study at the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia . Brindal began a teaching career in 1968 , working at Cockburn Primary School and Northfield Primary School , before becoming principal of Cook Primary School in 1975 . He was seconded to a professional consultancy in educational disadvantage accruing form isolation in 1979 . He rose in this position to rural state coordinator . In 1979 he was appointed as an advisor with the Country Areas Program in South Australia . He subsequently became state coordinator of the program . Politics . Brindal entered parliament at the 1989 election , successfully running for the seat of Hayward . At the 1993 election he ran again , winning the seat of Unley . Prior to 1993 it had been held by the Labor Party . The electoral redistribution ahead of the 2002 election had a large effect on Unley , losing several suburbs west of Goodwood Road and gaining several suburbs east of Fullarton Road , changing Unley from a marginal seat to a fairly safe to safe Liberal seat in one stroke . He held portfolios including Minister for Water Resources , Minister for Employment and Training , Minister Assisting for Tourism , Minister for Local Government , Minister for Employment , Minister for Youth , Minister Assisting for Environment and Heritage , Member of the Executive Council , and shadow portfolios for Water Resources , Youth , Employment and Training , and Local Government . The Advertiser reported in late 2005 of Brindals homosexual affair with a 24-year-old man , who was alleged to have a mental incapacity , occurring in Brindals electoral office several times − after allegations of a blackmail by the mans previous foster carer , the then Liberal leader Rob Kerin was subsequently promptly interviewed by members of the anti-corruption branch . Brindal did not contest Liberal preselection for Unley ahead of the 2006 election , but gained Liberal preselection for the marginal Labor seat of Adelaide , however he stepped down from Liberal preselection in Adelaide following the revelations of late 2005 and did not contest the election . Later life . Following his retirement from politics , Brindal has remained as a consultant and commentator . He has completed his Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide . He is currently undertaking his PhD at the School of Agriculture , Food and Wine at the University of Adelaide . His research is in the area of the economics of Water Management . External links . - Parliamentary Profile : SA Parliament website |
[
""
] | easy | What was the position of Mark Brindal from Nov 2013 to Nov 2023? | /wiki/Mark_Brindal#P39#4 | Mark Brindal Mark Brindal ( born 12 May 1948 ) is a former Australian politician who served in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 to 2006 , representing the Liberal Party . He was a government minister between 1997 and 2002 , under premiers John Olsen and Rob Kerin . Early life . Brindal was born in South Australia and was educated at Enfield Primary School and the Adelaide Technical High School . He was employed briefly by The Adelaide Advertiser before undertaking tertiary study at the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia . Brindal began a teaching career in 1968 , working at Cockburn Primary School and Northfield Primary School , before becoming principal of Cook Primary School in 1975 . He was seconded to a professional consultancy in educational disadvantage accruing form isolation in 1979 . He rose in this position to rural state coordinator . In 1979 he was appointed as an advisor with the Country Areas Program in South Australia . He subsequently became state coordinator of the program . Politics . Brindal entered parliament at the 1989 election , successfully running for the seat of Hayward . At the 1993 election he ran again , winning the seat of Unley . Prior to 1993 it had been held by the Labor Party . The electoral redistribution ahead of the 2002 election had a large effect on Unley , losing several suburbs west of Goodwood Road and gaining several suburbs east of Fullarton Road , changing Unley from a marginal seat to a fairly safe to safe Liberal seat in one stroke . He held portfolios including Minister for Water Resources , Minister for Employment and Training , Minister Assisting for Tourism , Minister for Local Government , Minister for Employment , Minister for Youth , Minister Assisting for Environment and Heritage , Member of the Executive Council , and shadow portfolios for Water Resources , Youth , Employment and Training , and Local Government . The Advertiser reported in late 2005 of Brindals homosexual affair with a 24-year-old man , who was alleged to have a mental incapacity , occurring in Brindals electoral office several times − after allegations of a blackmail by the mans previous foster carer , the then Liberal leader Rob Kerin was subsequently promptly interviewed by members of the anti-corruption branch . Brindal did not contest Liberal preselection for Unley ahead of the 2006 election , but gained Liberal preselection for the marginal Labor seat of Adelaide , however he stepped down from Liberal preselection in Adelaide following the revelations of late 2005 and did not contest the election . Later life . Following his retirement from politics , Brindal has remained as a consultant and commentator . He has completed his Master of Business Administration at the University of Adelaide . He is currently undertaking his PhD at the School of Agriculture , Food and Wine at the University of Adelaide . His research is in the area of the economics of Water Management . External links . - Parliamentary Profile : SA Parliament website |
[
"Canutillo High School",
"El Paso Community College"
] | easy | Which school did Silvestre Reyes go to from 1963 to 1964? | /wiki/Silvestre_Reyes#P69#0 | Silvestre Reyes Silvestre Silver Reyes ( born November 10 , 1944 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 1997 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . He was Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence between 2007 and 2011 . In the Democratic Primary election on May 29 , 2012 , Reyes lost by a margin wide enough to avert a runoff election to former El Paso city councilman Beto ORourke . In 2008 Reyes served as the Southwest Co-Chairman for Hillary Clintons presidential campaign along with Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee . Then U.S . Senator Clinton praised Reyes saying he was one of our wisest and most experienced leaders on national security and the particular issues that affect Americans living along the border and throughout the Southwest . I am proud to have his support and grateful for his advice . Early life , education and career . Reyes was born in Canutillo , an unincorporated suburban community west of El Paso , and is the oldest of 10 children . He graduated from Canutillo High School and received his associate degree from El Paso Community College . He attended the University of Texas at Austin before serving in the United States Army in 1966 . In 1967 , Reyes served as a helicopter crew chief in the Vietnam War . In 1968 , Reyes suffered complete hearing loss to his right ear when mortar landed near his foxhole during combat . In 1969 , Reyes joined the U.S . Border Patrol where he served for over 26 years . From 1984 - 1995 Reyes served as the Sector Chief for the McAllen and El Paso Sectors of the Border Patrol . In 1993 , while serving as the Chief Patrol Agent of the El Paso Border Patrol Sector , Reyes led the Border Patrol to strategically position agents on the border to intercept illegal immigrants in a strategy later termed Operation Hold the Line . This operation was the predecessor to a similar operation dubbed Operation Gatekeeper in Southern California . Such tactics were not without controversy , as placing Border Patrol Agents in high visibility positions placed them at tremendous risk from rock and firearms assaults from the Mexican side of the border . Immigrant-rights groups also protested the strategy , as it was effective in deterring illegal immigrants from crossing in protected urban areas such as El Paso and San Diego , California and as such forced them to cross through desolate parts of the Southwestern United States , such as the deserts of the Imperial Valley in California and the Sonora desert in Arizona . Reyes gained enormous popularity in the 16th Congressional District due to the Operations success in reducing illegal immigration . U.S . House of Representatives . As a senior member of both the Armed Services and ( formerly ) Select Intelligence Committees , Reyes was a key player in developing military and defense policy . He is credited with the recent success of Fort Bliss and White Sands military bases in the most recent Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) decisions by the Department of Defense . On December 1 , 2006 , Reyes was tapped by Pelosi , the prospective Speaker of the House , to be the new chairman of the House Intelligence Committee . Reyes was a key player in the 109th Congress because of his Immigration and Border Patrol experience . He was instrumental in leading the opposition to the House immigration proposal proposed by James Sensenbrenner , H.R . 4437 . Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi selected Reyes to present and lead the debate on a Democratic substitute to replace the Sensenbrenner legislation , which was voted down on a party line vote . Reyes has served as chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus . In 2002 , he considered running for the United States Senate , but decided against such a move . In 2005 he missed 94 votes in the House , the ninth most of any member . On March 27 , 2009 , Reyes was tapped by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to lead a high-level Congressional Delegation to meet with President Felipe Calderon of Mexico . Reyes led the delegation and was accompanied by Ike Skelton , Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee , and Howard Berman , Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee . The three high-ranking Chairman discussed Mexicos efforts to combat drug-related violence and assessed U.S . efforts to assist the Mexican government . In his role as Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee , Reyes was a deciding factor in whether legislation on the floor of the House extending provisions of the FISA would include retroactive immunity for telecommunications companies which participated in the NSAs warrantless wiretap program . Although he initially supported immunity for telecommunications companies , saying that immunity was necessary and the companies hadnt done anything illegal , eventually after being contacted by pressure groups , the version of the legislation he introduced did not contain provisions for telecom immunity , despite Republican threats to torpedo any bill that did not contain telecom immunity . In a December 2006 interview with Congressional Quarterly , Reyes said that al-Qaeda , an exclusively Sunni group , was composed of both Sunni and Shite members . He then instead asserted al-Qaeda is predominantly probably Shiite . He also avoided answering the question whether Hezbollah , a Shiite organization , was Sunni or Shiite . In the same interview , Reyes said he favored sending more troops to Iraq : on a temporary basis , Im willing to ramp them up by twenty or thirty thousand .. . for , I dont know , two months , four months , six months – but certainly that would be an exception . Yet , a month later , when President George W . Bush proposed sending approximately 21,500 more troops , Reyes said to the El Paso Times , we dont have the capability to escalate even to this minimal level . Committee assignments . - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Readiness - United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence ( Chair ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Hispanic Caucus ( Chair ) Awards . In 2006 , Reyes was also selected as the El Pasoan of the Year by the El Paso , Inc . for his successful efforts in Congress to expand the role and mission of Fort Bliss . He is also the recipient of the League of United Latin American Citizens Lucy G . Acosta Humanitarian Award , and the U.S . Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Presidents Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2008 , the Association of the United States Army ( AUSA ) presented Reyes with the Outstanding Legislator Award , calling him as a great [ friend ] of the Army as an institution and [ supporter ] of soldiers and their families . Reyes established the Congressional USO ( United Service Organizations ) Caucus . That same year ASME honored Reyes with the ASME Presidents Award on April 3 , 2008 . ASME President Sam Zamrik presented the award in recognition of Reyes outstanding contributions in promoting diversity in the science , technology , engineering , and math fields as the co-founder of the Congressional Diversity and Innovation Caucus . The Frontera Land Alliance presented Reyes with the organizations Rock Award in 2010 for his efforts to preserve Castner Range in Northeast El Paso for conservation purposes . As a senior Member of the House Armed Services Committee , Reyes worked to transfer ownership of Castner Range from the Department of Defense to preserve the 7,000-acres of undeveloped desert , foothills , and mountains in Northeast El Paso . In 2012 The Minority Business Development Agency presented Reyes with their Venable Legacy Award for Lifetime Achievement ABE during their National Minority Enterprise Week Conference . The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute honored Reyes known on the hill for his humor by naming their annual stand up comedy event the Reyes of Comedy in 2000 . The event seeks to promote a positive image of Latinos while raising critical funds for CHCIs programs that empower Latino youth through educational attainment and leadership development programs . In 2013 the Institute chose Reyes as the inaugural inductee into the Reyes of Comedy Hall of fame . On October 29 , 2012 the Canutillo Independent School District Board of Trustees voted unanimously to name a school after Reyes and his wife Carolina . The school which is to be open by the 2014-15 school year will serve students in grades pre-kindergarten through eighth . Political campaigns . In 1995 , Reyes retired from the U.S . Border Patrol and announced his candidacy for the U.S . Congress against Ron Coleman in the Democratic primary , but Coleman later retired . Reyes finished first in a five-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic district . He then defeated Jose Luis Sanchez in the runoff by just over 1,000 votes . He won the general election with little trouble , taking 70 percent of the vote . Although the 16th has long since become a Latino-majority district , Reyes was the first Latino to represent the district . He was reelected seven times with no substantive Republican opposition . He only faced a Libertarian challenger in 1998 and 2008 , and was completely unopposed in 2000 . In 2012 , Reyes lost the Democratic primary to former El Paso City Council member Beto ORourke , taking 44.4 percent of the vote—just a few hundred votes short of forcing a runoff . Reyes campaign received endorsements from incumbent President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , with the latter appearing at a rally for him . |
[
"El Paso Community College",
"University of Texas at Austin"
] | easy | Silvestre Reyes went to which school from 1964 to 1965? | /wiki/Silvestre_Reyes#P69#1 | Silvestre Reyes Silvestre Silver Reyes ( born November 10 , 1944 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 1997 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . He was Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence between 2007 and 2011 . In the Democratic Primary election on May 29 , 2012 , Reyes lost by a margin wide enough to avert a runoff election to former El Paso city councilman Beto ORourke . In 2008 Reyes served as the Southwest Co-Chairman for Hillary Clintons presidential campaign along with Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee . Then U.S . Senator Clinton praised Reyes saying he was one of our wisest and most experienced leaders on national security and the particular issues that affect Americans living along the border and throughout the Southwest . I am proud to have his support and grateful for his advice . Early life , education and career . Reyes was born in Canutillo , an unincorporated suburban community west of El Paso , and is the oldest of 10 children . He graduated from Canutillo High School and received his associate degree from El Paso Community College . He attended the University of Texas at Austin before serving in the United States Army in 1966 . In 1967 , Reyes served as a helicopter crew chief in the Vietnam War . In 1968 , Reyes suffered complete hearing loss to his right ear when mortar landed near his foxhole during combat . In 1969 , Reyes joined the U.S . Border Patrol where he served for over 26 years . From 1984 - 1995 Reyes served as the Sector Chief for the McAllen and El Paso Sectors of the Border Patrol . In 1993 , while serving as the Chief Patrol Agent of the El Paso Border Patrol Sector , Reyes led the Border Patrol to strategically position agents on the border to intercept illegal immigrants in a strategy later termed Operation Hold the Line . This operation was the predecessor to a similar operation dubbed Operation Gatekeeper in Southern California . Such tactics were not without controversy , as placing Border Patrol Agents in high visibility positions placed them at tremendous risk from rock and firearms assaults from the Mexican side of the border . Immigrant-rights groups also protested the strategy , as it was effective in deterring illegal immigrants from crossing in protected urban areas such as El Paso and San Diego , California and as such forced them to cross through desolate parts of the Southwestern United States , such as the deserts of the Imperial Valley in California and the Sonora desert in Arizona . Reyes gained enormous popularity in the 16th Congressional District due to the Operations success in reducing illegal immigration . U.S . House of Representatives . As a senior member of both the Armed Services and ( formerly ) Select Intelligence Committees , Reyes was a key player in developing military and defense policy . He is credited with the recent success of Fort Bliss and White Sands military bases in the most recent Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) decisions by the Department of Defense . On December 1 , 2006 , Reyes was tapped by Pelosi , the prospective Speaker of the House , to be the new chairman of the House Intelligence Committee . Reyes was a key player in the 109th Congress because of his Immigration and Border Patrol experience . He was instrumental in leading the opposition to the House immigration proposal proposed by James Sensenbrenner , H.R . 4437 . Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi selected Reyes to present and lead the debate on a Democratic substitute to replace the Sensenbrenner legislation , which was voted down on a party line vote . Reyes has served as chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus . In 2002 , he considered running for the United States Senate , but decided against such a move . In 2005 he missed 94 votes in the House , the ninth most of any member . On March 27 , 2009 , Reyes was tapped by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to lead a high-level Congressional Delegation to meet with President Felipe Calderon of Mexico . Reyes led the delegation and was accompanied by Ike Skelton , Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee , and Howard Berman , Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee . The three high-ranking Chairman discussed Mexicos efforts to combat drug-related violence and assessed U.S . efforts to assist the Mexican government . In his role as Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee , Reyes was a deciding factor in whether legislation on the floor of the House extending provisions of the FISA would include retroactive immunity for telecommunications companies which participated in the NSAs warrantless wiretap program . Although he initially supported immunity for telecommunications companies , saying that immunity was necessary and the companies hadnt done anything illegal , eventually after being contacted by pressure groups , the version of the legislation he introduced did not contain provisions for telecom immunity , despite Republican threats to torpedo any bill that did not contain telecom immunity . In a December 2006 interview with Congressional Quarterly , Reyes said that al-Qaeda , an exclusively Sunni group , was composed of both Sunni and Shite members . He then instead asserted al-Qaeda is predominantly probably Shiite . He also avoided answering the question whether Hezbollah , a Shiite organization , was Sunni or Shiite . In the same interview , Reyes said he favored sending more troops to Iraq : on a temporary basis , Im willing to ramp them up by twenty or thirty thousand .. . for , I dont know , two months , four months , six months – but certainly that would be an exception . Yet , a month later , when President George W . Bush proposed sending approximately 21,500 more troops , Reyes said to the El Paso Times , we dont have the capability to escalate even to this minimal level . Committee assignments . - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Readiness - United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence ( Chair ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Hispanic Caucus ( Chair ) Awards . In 2006 , Reyes was also selected as the El Pasoan of the Year by the El Paso , Inc . for his successful efforts in Congress to expand the role and mission of Fort Bliss . He is also the recipient of the League of United Latin American Citizens Lucy G . Acosta Humanitarian Award , and the U.S . Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Presidents Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2008 , the Association of the United States Army ( AUSA ) presented Reyes with the Outstanding Legislator Award , calling him as a great [ friend ] of the Army as an institution and [ supporter ] of soldiers and their families . Reyes established the Congressional USO ( United Service Organizations ) Caucus . That same year ASME honored Reyes with the ASME Presidents Award on April 3 , 2008 . ASME President Sam Zamrik presented the award in recognition of Reyes outstanding contributions in promoting diversity in the science , technology , engineering , and math fields as the co-founder of the Congressional Diversity and Innovation Caucus . The Frontera Land Alliance presented Reyes with the organizations Rock Award in 2010 for his efforts to preserve Castner Range in Northeast El Paso for conservation purposes . As a senior Member of the House Armed Services Committee , Reyes worked to transfer ownership of Castner Range from the Department of Defense to preserve the 7,000-acres of undeveloped desert , foothills , and mountains in Northeast El Paso . In 2012 The Minority Business Development Agency presented Reyes with their Venable Legacy Award for Lifetime Achievement ABE during their National Minority Enterprise Week Conference . The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute honored Reyes known on the hill for his humor by naming their annual stand up comedy event the Reyes of Comedy in 2000 . The event seeks to promote a positive image of Latinos while raising critical funds for CHCIs programs that empower Latino youth through educational attainment and leadership development programs . In 2013 the Institute chose Reyes as the inaugural inductee into the Reyes of Comedy Hall of fame . On October 29 , 2012 the Canutillo Independent School District Board of Trustees voted unanimously to name a school after Reyes and his wife Carolina . The school which is to be open by the 2014-15 school year will serve students in grades pre-kindergarten through eighth . Political campaigns . In 1995 , Reyes retired from the U.S . Border Patrol and announced his candidacy for the U.S . Congress against Ron Coleman in the Democratic primary , but Coleman later retired . Reyes finished first in a five-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic district . He then defeated Jose Luis Sanchez in the runoff by just over 1,000 votes . He won the general election with little trouble , taking 70 percent of the vote . Although the 16th has long since become a Latino-majority district , Reyes was the first Latino to represent the district . He was reelected seven times with no substantive Republican opposition . He only faced a Libertarian challenger in 1998 and 2008 , and was completely unopposed in 2000 . In 2012 , Reyes lost the Democratic primary to former El Paso City Council member Beto ORourke , taking 44.4 percent of the vote—just a few hundred votes short of forcing a runoff . Reyes campaign received endorsements from incumbent President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , with the latter appearing at a rally for him . |
[
""
] | easy | Silvestre Reyes went to which school from 1965 to 1966? | /wiki/Silvestre_Reyes#P69#2 | Silvestre Reyes Silvestre Silver Reyes ( born November 10 , 1944 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 1997 to 2013 . He is a member of the Democratic Party . He was Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence between 2007 and 2011 . In the Democratic Primary election on May 29 , 2012 , Reyes lost by a margin wide enough to avert a runoff election to former El Paso city councilman Beto ORourke . In 2008 Reyes served as the Southwest Co-Chairman for Hillary Clintons presidential campaign along with Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee . Then U.S . Senator Clinton praised Reyes saying he was one of our wisest and most experienced leaders on national security and the particular issues that affect Americans living along the border and throughout the Southwest . I am proud to have his support and grateful for his advice . Early life , education and career . Reyes was born in Canutillo , an unincorporated suburban community west of El Paso , and is the oldest of 10 children . He graduated from Canutillo High School and received his associate degree from El Paso Community College . He attended the University of Texas at Austin before serving in the United States Army in 1966 . In 1967 , Reyes served as a helicopter crew chief in the Vietnam War . In 1968 , Reyes suffered complete hearing loss to his right ear when mortar landed near his foxhole during combat . In 1969 , Reyes joined the U.S . Border Patrol where he served for over 26 years . From 1984 - 1995 Reyes served as the Sector Chief for the McAllen and El Paso Sectors of the Border Patrol . In 1993 , while serving as the Chief Patrol Agent of the El Paso Border Patrol Sector , Reyes led the Border Patrol to strategically position agents on the border to intercept illegal immigrants in a strategy later termed Operation Hold the Line . This operation was the predecessor to a similar operation dubbed Operation Gatekeeper in Southern California . Such tactics were not without controversy , as placing Border Patrol Agents in high visibility positions placed them at tremendous risk from rock and firearms assaults from the Mexican side of the border . Immigrant-rights groups also protested the strategy , as it was effective in deterring illegal immigrants from crossing in protected urban areas such as El Paso and San Diego , California and as such forced them to cross through desolate parts of the Southwestern United States , such as the deserts of the Imperial Valley in California and the Sonora desert in Arizona . Reyes gained enormous popularity in the 16th Congressional District due to the Operations success in reducing illegal immigration . U.S . House of Representatives . As a senior member of both the Armed Services and ( formerly ) Select Intelligence Committees , Reyes was a key player in developing military and defense policy . He is credited with the recent success of Fort Bliss and White Sands military bases in the most recent Base Realignment and Closure ( BRAC ) decisions by the Department of Defense . On December 1 , 2006 , Reyes was tapped by Pelosi , the prospective Speaker of the House , to be the new chairman of the House Intelligence Committee . Reyes was a key player in the 109th Congress because of his Immigration and Border Patrol experience . He was instrumental in leading the opposition to the House immigration proposal proposed by James Sensenbrenner , H.R . 4437 . Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi selected Reyes to present and lead the debate on a Democratic substitute to replace the Sensenbrenner legislation , which was voted down on a party line vote . Reyes has served as chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus . In 2002 , he considered running for the United States Senate , but decided against such a move . In 2005 he missed 94 votes in the House , the ninth most of any member . On March 27 , 2009 , Reyes was tapped by Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to lead a high-level Congressional Delegation to meet with President Felipe Calderon of Mexico . Reyes led the delegation and was accompanied by Ike Skelton , Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee , and Howard Berman , Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee . The three high-ranking Chairman discussed Mexicos efforts to combat drug-related violence and assessed U.S . efforts to assist the Mexican government . In his role as Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee , Reyes was a deciding factor in whether legislation on the floor of the House extending provisions of the FISA would include retroactive immunity for telecommunications companies which participated in the NSAs warrantless wiretap program . Although he initially supported immunity for telecommunications companies , saying that immunity was necessary and the companies hadnt done anything illegal , eventually after being contacted by pressure groups , the version of the legislation he introduced did not contain provisions for telecom immunity , despite Republican threats to torpedo any bill that did not contain telecom immunity . In a December 2006 interview with Congressional Quarterly , Reyes said that al-Qaeda , an exclusively Sunni group , was composed of both Sunni and Shite members . He then instead asserted al-Qaeda is predominantly probably Shiite . He also avoided answering the question whether Hezbollah , a Shiite organization , was Sunni or Shiite . In the same interview , Reyes said he favored sending more troops to Iraq : on a temporary basis , Im willing to ramp them up by twenty or thirty thousand .. . for , I dont know , two months , four months , six months – but certainly that would be an exception . Yet , a month later , when President George W . Bush proposed sending approximately 21,500 more troops , Reyes said to the El Paso Times , we dont have the capability to escalate even to this minimal level . Committee assignments . - Committee on Armed Services - Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Readiness - United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence ( Chair ) Caucus memberships . - Congressional Arts Caucus - Congressional Hispanic Caucus ( Chair ) Awards . In 2006 , Reyes was also selected as the El Pasoan of the Year by the El Paso , Inc . for his successful efforts in Congress to expand the role and mission of Fort Bliss . He is also the recipient of the League of United Latin American Citizens Lucy G . Acosta Humanitarian Award , and the U.S . Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Presidents Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2008 , the Association of the United States Army ( AUSA ) presented Reyes with the Outstanding Legislator Award , calling him as a great [ friend ] of the Army as an institution and [ supporter ] of soldiers and their families . Reyes established the Congressional USO ( United Service Organizations ) Caucus . That same year ASME honored Reyes with the ASME Presidents Award on April 3 , 2008 . ASME President Sam Zamrik presented the award in recognition of Reyes outstanding contributions in promoting diversity in the science , technology , engineering , and math fields as the co-founder of the Congressional Diversity and Innovation Caucus . The Frontera Land Alliance presented Reyes with the organizations Rock Award in 2010 for his efforts to preserve Castner Range in Northeast El Paso for conservation purposes . As a senior Member of the House Armed Services Committee , Reyes worked to transfer ownership of Castner Range from the Department of Defense to preserve the 7,000-acres of undeveloped desert , foothills , and mountains in Northeast El Paso . In 2012 The Minority Business Development Agency presented Reyes with their Venable Legacy Award for Lifetime Achievement ABE during their National Minority Enterprise Week Conference . The Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute honored Reyes known on the hill for his humor by naming their annual stand up comedy event the Reyes of Comedy in 2000 . The event seeks to promote a positive image of Latinos while raising critical funds for CHCIs programs that empower Latino youth through educational attainment and leadership development programs . In 2013 the Institute chose Reyes as the inaugural inductee into the Reyes of Comedy Hall of fame . On October 29 , 2012 the Canutillo Independent School District Board of Trustees voted unanimously to name a school after Reyes and his wife Carolina . The school which is to be open by the 2014-15 school year will serve students in grades pre-kindergarten through eighth . Political campaigns . In 1995 , Reyes retired from the U.S . Border Patrol and announced his candidacy for the U.S . Congress against Ron Coleman in the Democratic primary , but Coleman later retired . Reyes finished first in a five-way Democratic primary—the real contest in this heavily Democratic district . He then defeated Jose Luis Sanchez in the runoff by just over 1,000 votes . He won the general election with little trouble , taking 70 percent of the vote . Although the 16th has long since become a Latino-majority district , Reyes was the first Latino to represent the district . He was reelected seven times with no substantive Republican opposition . He only faced a Libertarian challenger in 1998 and 2008 , and was completely unopposed in 2000 . In 2012 , Reyes lost the Democratic primary to former El Paso City Council member Beto ORourke , taking 44.4 percent of the vote—just a few hundred votes short of forcing a runoff . Reyes campaign received endorsements from incumbent President Barack Obama and former President Bill Clinton , with the latter appearing at a rally for him . |
Subsets and Splits