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[
"Bishop of Paisley"
] | easy | Which position did Philip Tartaglia hold in Sep 2005? | /wiki/Philip_Tartaglia#P39#0 | Philip Tartaglia Filippo Philip Tartaglia ( 11 January 1951 – 13 January 2021 ) was a Scottish prelate who served as a bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as Metropolitan Archbishop of Glasgow from 2012 until 2021 . He previously served as Bishop of Paisley . Prior to his appointment as bishop , he was a professor at seminaries , as well as an assistant pastor and parish priest in the Archdiocese of Glasgow . He was the eighth Archbishop of Glasgow since the re-establishment of the hierarchy in 1878 following the Reformation . He was described as a conservative in religious and moral issues . Early life . Tartaglia was born in Glasgow on 11 January 1951 . He was the eldest son of Guido and Annita Tartaglia , and had three brothers and five sisters . One of his brothers also served as a priest in Glasgow . He was of Italian descent . After completing his primary schooling at St Thomas , Riddrie , he began his secondary education at St . Mungos Academy , Glasgow . He attended minor seminary at St Vincents College , Langbank and , later , St Marys College , Blairs , near Aberdeen . His ecclesiastical studies were completed at the Pontifical Scots College , and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome . On 30 June 1975 , Tartaglia was ordained to the Catholic priesthood at the Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel in Dennistoun by Thomas Winning , the Archbishop of Glasgow at the time . Presbyteral ministry . Tartaglia subsequently returned to Rome where he completed his ordinary course of studies in 1976 , before beginning research for his doctorate in Sacred Theology . He was appointed dean of studies at the Scots College in Rome in 1978 , and was also acting vice-rector at that time . After obtaining his STD degree two years later , on the Council of Trents teaching on the Eucharist , he received his first pastoral assignment as assistant priest at Our Lady of Lourdes , Cardonald . He concurrently held the position of extramural lecturer at St . Peters College , Newlands , Glasgow . A year later , Tartaglia was appointed lecturer at St . Peters College , becoming director of studies in 1983 . When Chesters College , Bearsden , opened in 1985 he was made vice-rector . In 1987 he was appointed rector . Tartaglia served as rector until 1993 when he was sent to St . Patricks , Dumbarton , as assistant priest before being appointed parish priest of St Marys , Duntocher in 1995 . In 2004 the Bishops Conference of Scotland asked him to return to seminary as rector of the Pontifical Scots College , Rome . Episcopal ministry . Tartaglia was appointed the fourth Bishop of Paisley on 13 September 2005 . The see had been vacant since October of the previous year , when John Mone retired after sixteen years . He was consecrated bishop on 20 November 2005 , at St Mirins Cathedral in Paisley . Mario Conti , the Archbishop of Glasgow , served as the principal consecrator , with Raymond Leo Burke and Mone being co-consecrators . Tartaglia attacked UK law relating to the family in 2006 . He outlined his opinion that the Family Law Act 1996 – which made divorce quicker and easier – civil partnership legislation giving homosexual relationships legal status , and the Gender Recognition Act – which allowed people to change their gender designation – would undermine the family in society . He stated , Unfortunately , in our times , the minds of many have been so darkened by hubris and by the selfish pursuit of their own gratification that they have lost sight of the natural law which God has written into his creation... . He reiterated this stance in 2010 , when he wrote to David Cameron to insist that the Catholic Church will not register civil partnerships nor celebrate same-sex unions : not now , not in the future , not ever , no matter what legislation or regulations your government enacts or endorses . He also criticised the UK governments decision to upgrade its nuclear weapons capability . As president of the National Communications Commission of the Bishops Conference of Scotland , Tartaglia wrote to every parish in Scotland in May 2008 , decrying the media for pushing a secular and humanistic agenda . Arguing his belief that over two-thirds of Scots are actually Christians , and that the proportion of people who work in the media does not reflect this , he wrote that this led to a fundamental disconnection between the provider and the consumer . Tartaglia was mooted by some commentators in 2008 as a possible successor to the see of Westminster . Archbishop Vincent Nichols was appointed . Tartaglia was appointed the Archbishop of Glasgow on 24 July 2012 , succeeding Archbishop Mario Conti . He was installed at St Andrews Cathedral on 8 September of that same year . He received the pallium from Pope Francis at a Mass in St . Peters Basilica on 29 June 2013 . Pope Benedict XVI appointed Tartaglia as the apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh on 27 February 2013 , holding the post until Leo Cushley was enthroned on 21 September 2013 as Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh . Tartaglia died on 13 January 2021 , two days after his 70th birthday . He had been self-isolating at his home in Glasgow after testing positive for COVID-19 in late December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom . Views . LGBT issues . In April 2012 , at a conference on religious freedom and tolerance at Oxford University , Tartaglia spoke of the death of a gay Catholic MP who died at the age of 44 , a likely reference to David Cairns , whose death from pancreatitis he said was potentially due to his sexuality . He went on to imply that the connection was being avoided , saying ...nobody said anything.. . and why his body should just shut down at that age , obviously he could have had a disease which would have killed anyone , but you seem to hear so many stories about this kind of thing , but society wont address it . Cairnss partner Dermot Kehoe criticised Tartaglia for making a claim which was contradicted by the medical evidence , and for adding to the grief suffered by the family of the deceased . He accused Tartaglia of prejudice , homophobia and ignorance and called for him to apologise . Handling of clergy sex abuse . In August 2015 , Tartaglia commented at a Mass : Coat of arms . Tartaglias arms are an allusion to the miracle of the loaves and fishes as recounted in the Gospel of Saint John . The two apostles Philip and Andrew are singled out by name in this account . The two fish which are crossed in saltire in reference to the cross of St Andrew are surrounded by five barley loaves . One fish has a gold ring in its mouth . This refers to the legend of St Mungo and is featured in Glasgows civic and ecclesiastical heraldry since the sixteenth century . This addition alludes to the fact that Philip Tartaglia is a Glaswegian by birth , that he is a former pupil of St Mungos Academy and is an ordained priest of the Archdiocese of Glasgow . Conforming to heraldic rules , the colours that feature in the arms – green , white and red – correspond to the Italian Tricolour , in reference to the bishops family origins and to the years spent in Rome at the Pontifical Scots College , first as an undergraduate and post-graduate student , from 1969 to 1980 , and ultimately as rector from May 2004 until November 2005 , when he was ordained bishop . Tartaglias motto , taken from the Latin hymn O Salutaris Hostia by St Thomas Aquinas , is Da Robur , Fer Auxilium ( Thine aid supply , thy strength bestow ) . |
[
"consecrated bishop",
"president of the National Communications Commission of the Bishops Conference of Scotland",
"Archbishop of Glasgow"
] | easy | What position did Philip Tartaglia take from Nov 2005 to Jul 2012? | /wiki/Philip_Tartaglia#P39#1 | Philip Tartaglia Filippo Philip Tartaglia ( 11 January 1951 – 13 January 2021 ) was a Scottish prelate who served as a bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as Metropolitan Archbishop of Glasgow from 2012 until 2021 . He previously served as Bishop of Paisley . Prior to his appointment as bishop , he was a professor at seminaries , as well as an assistant pastor and parish priest in the Archdiocese of Glasgow . He was the eighth Archbishop of Glasgow since the re-establishment of the hierarchy in 1878 following the Reformation . He was described as a conservative in religious and moral issues . Early life . Tartaglia was born in Glasgow on 11 January 1951 . He was the eldest son of Guido and Annita Tartaglia , and had three brothers and five sisters . One of his brothers also served as a priest in Glasgow . He was of Italian descent . After completing his primary schooling at St Thomas , Riddrie , he began his secondary education at St . Mungos Academy , Glasgow . He attended minor seminary at St Vincents College , Langbank and , later , St Marys College , Blairs , near Aberdeen . His ecclesiastical studies were completed at the Pontifical Scots College , and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome . On 30 June 1975 , Tartaglia was ordained to the Catholic priesthood at the Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel in Dennistoun by Thomas Winning , the Archbishop of Glasgow at the time . Presbyteral ministry . Tartaglia subsequently returned to Rome where he completed his ordinary course of studies in 1976 , before beginning research for his doctorate in Sacred Theology . He was appointed dean of studies at the Scots College in Rome in 1978 , and was also acting vice-rector at that time . After obtaining his STD degree two years later , on the Council of Trents teaching on the Eucharist , he received his first pastoral assignment as assistant priest at Our Lady of Lourdes , Cardonald . He concurrently held the position of extramural lecturer at St . Peters College , Newlands , Glasgow . A year later , Tartaglia was appointed lecturer at St . Peters College , becoming director of studies in 1983 . When Chesters College , Bearsden , opened in 1985 he was made vice-rector . In 1987 he was appointed rector . Tartaglia served as rector until 1993 when he was sent to St . Patricks , Dumbarton , as assistant priest before being appointed parish priest of St Marys , Duntocher in 1995 . In 2004 the Bishops Conference of Scotland asked him to return to seminary as rector of the Pontifical Scots College , Rome . Episcopal ministry . Tartaglia was appointed the fourth Bishop of Paisley on 13 September 2005 . The see had been vacant since October of the previous year , when John Mone retired after sixteen years . He was consecrated bishop on 20 November 2005 , at St Mirins Cathedral in Paisley . Mario Conti , the Archbishop of Glasgow , served as the principal consecrator , with Raymond Leo Burke and Mone being co-consecrators . Tartaglia attacked UK law relating to the family in 2006 . He outlined his opinion that the Family Law Act 1996 – which made divorce quicker and easier – civil partnership legislation giving homosexual relationships legal status , and the Gender Recognition Act – which allowed people to change their gender designation – would undermine the family in society . He stated , Unfortunately , in our times , the minds of many have been so darkened by hubris and by the selfish pursuit of their own gratification that they have lost sight of the natural law which God has written into his creation... . He reiterated this stance in 2010 , when he wrote to David Cameron to insist that the Catholic Church will not register civil partnerships nor celebrate same-sex unions : not now , not in the future , not ever , no matter what legislation or regulations your government enacts or endorses . He also criticised the UK governments decision to upgrade its nuclear weapons capability . As president of the National Communications Commission of the Bishops Conference of Scotland , Tartaglia wrote to every parish in Scotland in May 2008 , decrying the media for pushing a secular and humanistic agenda . Arguing his belief that over two-thirds of Scots are actually Christians , and that the proportion of people who work in the media does not reflect this , he wrote that this led to a fundamental disconnection between the provider and the consumer . Tartaglia was mooted by some commentators in 2008 as a possible successor to the see of Westminster . Archbishop Vincent Nichols was appointed . Tartaglia was appointed the Archbishop of Glasgow on 24 July 2012 , succeeding Archbishop Mario Conti . He was installed at St Andrews Cathedral on 8 September of that same year . He received the pallium from Pope Francis at a Mass in St . Peters Basilica on 29 June 2013 . Pope Benedict XVI appointed Tartaglia as the apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh on 27 February 2013 , holding the post until Leo Cushley was enthroned on 21 September 2013 as Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh . Tartaglia died on 13 January 2021 , two days after his 70th birthday . He had been self-isolating at his home in Glasgow after testing positive for COVID-19 in late December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom . Views . LGBT issues . In April 2012 , at a conference on religious freedom and tolerance at Oxford University , Tartaglia spoke of the death of a gay Catholic MP who died at the age of 44 , a likely reference to David Cairns , whose death from pancreatitis he said was potentially due to his sexuality . He went on to imply that the connection was being avoided , saying ...nobody said anything.. . and why his body should just shut down at that age , obviously he could have had a disease which would have killed anyone , but you seem to hear so many stories about this kind of thing , but society wont address it . Cairnss partner Dermot Kehoe criticised Tartaglia for making a claim which was contradicted by the medical evidence , and for adding to the grief suffered by the family of the deceased . He accused Tartaglia of prejudice , homophobia and ignorance and called for him to apologise . Handling of clergy sex abuse . In August 2015 , Tartaglia commented at a Mass : Coat of arms . Tartaglias arms are an allusion to the miracle of the loaves and fishes as recounted in the Gospel of Saint John . The two apostles Philip and Andrew are singled out by name in this account . The two fish which are crossed in saltire in reference to the cross of St Andrew are surrounded by five barley loaves . One fish has a gold ring in its mouth . This refers to the legend of St Mungo and is featured in Glasgows civic and ecclesiastical heraldry since the sixteenth century . This addition alludes to the fact that Philip Tartaglia is a Glaswegian by birth , that he is a former pupil of St Mungos Academy and is an ordained priest of the Archdiocese of Glasgow . Conforming to heraldic rules , the colours that feature in the arms – green , white and red – correspond to the Italian Tricolour , in reference to the bishops family origins and to the years spent in Rome at the Pontifical Scots College , first as an undergraduate and post-graduate student , from 1969 to 1980 , and ultimately as rector from May 2004 until November 2005 , when he was ordained bishop . Tartaglias motto , taken from the Latin hymn O Salutaris Hostia by St Thomas Aquinas , is Da Robur , Fer Auxilium ( Thine aid supply , thy strength bestow ) . |
[
"Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh"
] | easy | What was the position of Philip Tartaglia from Jul 2012 to Jul 2013? | /wiki/Philip_Tartaglia#P39#2 | Philip Tartaglia Filippo Philip Tartaglia ( 11 January 1951 – 13 January 2021 ) was a Scottish prelate who served as a bishop of the Catholic Church . He served as Metropolitan Archbishop of Glasgow from 2012 until 2021 . He previously served as Bishop of Paisley . Prior to his appointment as bishop , he was a professor at seminaries , as well as an assistant pastor and parish priest in the Archdiocese of Glasgow . He was the eighth Archbishop of Glasgow since the re-establishment of the hierarchy in 1878 following the Reformation . He was described as a conservative in religious and moral issues . Early life . Tartaglia was born in Glasgow on 11 January 1951 . He was the eldest son of Guido and Annita Tartaglia , and had three brothers and five sisters . One of his brothers also served as a priest in Glasgow . He was of Italian descent . After completing his primary schooling at St Thomas , Riddrie , he began his secondary education at St . Mungos Academy , Glasgow . He attended minor seminary at St Vincents College , Langbank and , later , St Marys College , Blairs , near Aberdeen . His ecclesiastical studies were completed at the Pontifical Scots College , and the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome . On 30 June 1975 , Tartaglia was ordained to the Catholic priesthood at the Church of Our Lady of Good Counsel in Dennistoun by Thomas Winning , the Archbishop of Glasgow at the time . Presbyteral ministry . Tartaglia subsequently returned to Rome where he completed his ordinary course of studies in 1976 , before beginning research for his doctorate in Sacred Theology . He was appointed dean of studies at the Scots College in Rome in 1978 , and was also acting vice-rector at that time . After obtaining his STD degree two years later , on the Council of Trents teaching on the Eucharist , he received his first pastoral assignment as assistant priest at Our Lady of Lourdes , Cardonald . He concurrently held the position of extramural lecturer at St . Peters College , Newlands , Glasgow . A year later , Tartaglia was appointed lecturer at St . Peters College , becoming director of studies in 1983 . When Chesters College , Bearsden , opened in 1985 he was made vice-rector . In 1987 he was appointed rector . Tartaglia served as rector until 1993 when he was sent to St . Patricks , Dumbarton , as assistant priest before being appointed parish priest of St Marys , Duntocher in 1995 . In 2004 the Bishops Conference of Scotland asked him to return to seminary as rector of the Pontifical Scots College , Rome . Episcopal ministry . Tartaglia was appointed the fourth Bishop of Paisley on 13 September 2005 . The see had been vacant since October of the previous year , when John Mone retired after sixteen years . He was consecrated bishop on 20 November 2005 , at St Mirins Cathedral in Paisley . Mario Conti , the Archbishop of Glasgow , served as the principal consecrator , with Raymond Leo Burke and Mone being co-consecrators . Tartaglia attacked UK law relating to the family in 2006 . He outlined his opinion that the Family Law Act 1996 – which made divorce quicker and easier – civil partnership legislation giving homosexual relationships legal status , and the Gender Recognition Act – which allowed people to change their gender designation – would undermine the family in society . He stated , Unfortunately , in our times , the minds of many have been so darkened by hubris and by the selfish pursuit of their own gratification that they have lost sight of the natural law which God has written into his creation... . He reiterated this stance in 2010 , when he wrote to David Cameron to insist that the Catholic Church will not register civil partnerships nor celebrate same-sex unions : not now , not in the future , not ever , no matter what legislation or regulations your government enacts or endorses . He also criticised the UK governments decision to upgrade its nuclear weapons capability . As president of the National Communications Commission of the Bishops Conference of Scotland , Tartaglia wrote to every parish in Scotland in May 2008 , decrying the media for pushing a secular and humanistic agenda . Arguing his belief that over two-thirds of Scots are actually Christians , and that the proportion of people who work in the media does not reflect this , he wrote that this led to a fundamental disconnection between the provider and the consumer . Tartaglia was mooted by some commentators in 2008 as a possible successor to the see of Westminster . Archbishop Vincent Nichols was appointed . Tartaglia was appointed the Archbishop of Glasgow on 24 July 2012 , succeeding Archbishop Mario Conti . He was installed at St Andrews Cathedral on 8 September of that same year . He received the pallium from Pope Francis at a Mass in St . Peters Basilica on 29 June 2013 . Pope Benedict XVI appointed Tartaglia as the apostolic administrator of the Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh on 27 February 2013 , holding the post until Leo Cushley was enthroned on 21 September 2013 as Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh . Tartaglia died on 13 January 2021 , two days after his 70th birthday . He had been self-isolating at his home in Glasgow after testing positive for COVID-19 in late December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom . Views . LGBT issues . In April 2012 , at a conference on religious freedom and tolerance at Oxford University , Tartaglia spoke of the death of a gay Catholic MP who died at the age of 44 , a likely reference to David Cairns , whose death from pancreatitis he said was potentially due to his sexuality . He went on to imply that the connection was being avoided , saying ...nobody said anything.. . and why his body should just shut down at that age , obviously he could have had a disease which would have killed anyone , but you seem to hear so many stories about this kind of thing , but society wont address it . Cairnss partner Dermot Kehoe criticised Tartaglia for making a claim which was contradicted by the medical evidence , and for adding to the grief suffered by the family of the deceased . He accused Tartaglia of prejudice , homophobia and ignorance and called for him to apologise . Handling of clergy sex abuse . In August 2015 , Tartaglia commented at a Mass : Coat of arms . Tartaglias arms are an allusion to the miracle of the loaves and fishes as recounted in the Gospel of Saint John . The two apostles Philip and Andrew are singled out by name in this account . The two fish which are crossed in saltire in reference to the cross of St Andrew are surrounded by five barley loaves . One fish has a gold ring in its mouth . This refers to the legend of St Mungo and is featured in Glasgows civic and ecclesiastical heraldry since the sixteenth century . This addition alludes to the fact that Philip Tartaglia is a Glaswegian by birth , that he is a former pupil of St Mungos Academy and is an ordained priest of the Archdiocese of Glasgow . Conforming to heraldic rules , the colours that feature in the arms – green , white and red – correspond to the Italian Tricolour , in reference to the bishops family origins and to the years spent in Rome at the Pontifical Scots College , first as an undergraduate and post-graduate student , from 1969 to 1980 , and ultimately as rector from May 2004 until November 2005 , when he was ordained bishop . Tartaglias motto , taken from the Latin hymn O Salutaris Hostia by St Thomas Aquinas , is Da Robur , Fer Auxilium ( Thine aid supply , thy strength bestow ) . |
[
"Basel"
] | easy | Which team did the player Thomas Hauser (footballer) belong to from 1982 to 1988? | /wiki/Thomas_Hauser_(footballer)#P54#0 | Thomas Hauser ( footballer ) Thomas Hauser ( born 1 April 1965 ) is a German former professional footballer who played in the 1980s and early 1990s as forward . Club career . Youth football . Born in Schopfheim , Hauser started his youth football with local team Sportclub Schopfheim , playing there until he left school . In 1980 , he transferred to FC Basel and played in their youth team in the highest level of youth football in Switzerland . In 1981 Basel became Swiss youth champions and Hauser was the league top goal scorer . Basel . Hauser advanced to Basels first team during the winter break of their 1982–83 season . He signed his first professional contract under head-coach Rainer Ohlhauser . After playing in two test games , Hauser played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the St . Jakob Stadium on 23 April 1983 . He scored his first goal for his team in the same game as Basel played a 2–2 draw with St . Gallen.<ref He scored his next goal for the team in the very next match on 30 April , as Basel played an away match draw 1–1 with Winterthur.<ref Aged just 17 years , Hauser trained and played regularly in Basels first team . In 1983 , he won the Uhrencup with Basel , scoring a goal in the semi final match against FC Grenchen . In the Swiss Cup match against Concordia Basel on 21 September 1985 he scored four goals as Basel won 9–1.<ref Between the years 1982 and 1988 Hauser played a total of 155 games for Basel scoring a total of 77 goals . 84 of these games were in the Nationalliga A , eight in the Swiss Cup and 63 were friendly games . He scored 24 goals in the domestic league , seven in the cup and the other 46 were scored during the test games . Hauser was renowned for his goal scoring inconsistency . Sometimes he would score goals with ease and often . For example , in the test match on 6 October 1983 Hauser scored all six goals as his team won 6–3 against SC Ciba-Geigy Rosental.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 29 June 1984 as Basel won 7–2 against SV Sissach.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 23 October 1984 , as Basel won 9–0 against FC Liestal.<ref Again he scored three the against Kriens on 16 April 1985,<ref and again on 10 September 1985 three against BSC Old Boys.<ref But on the other hand , there were times where he did not score a single goal for months on end ( for example from April 1986 to March 1987 ) . After a turbulent time with a financially troubled FC Basel , and following the clubs relegation to the Nationalliga B at the end of the 1987–88 season , Hauser transferred to local rivals BSC Old Boys . He played with them for six months before transferring to Sunderland during the winter break . Sunderland . Hauser made his debut for Sunderland coming on as a substitute for Marco Gabbiadini in a 2–0 League win at Roker Park against Hull City on 25 February 1989 in front of a crowd of 14,719 , following a £200,000 transfer from BSC Old Boys . He went on to make four further substitute appearances until making his full debut against Chelsea F.C . in a 2–1 loss on 21 March 1989 . Hausers first goal came at Boundary Park in a 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic , he scored one week later in a 2–1 victory against Shrewsbury Town at Roker Park . In Sunderlands 1989–90 promotion season Hauser scored six goals including both goals in a crucial 2–1 win against Brighton and Hove Albion on 24 February 1990 at Roker Park . In scoring the equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Roker Park against Port Vale F.C . on 30 December 1989 and only six minutes after coming off the bench against Hull City at Boothferry Park on New Years Day 1990 , Hauser can lay claim to having scored Sunderland#s last goal of the 80s and first goal of the 90s . Later that season Hauser went on to feature for Sunderland in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium coming on as a substitute for Eric Gates in front of a crowd of 72,873 on 28 May 1990 . When Hauser replaced Gates he became the first non-British born player to represent Sunderland at Wembley . The 1990–91 season was Hausers only in the top flight of English football , he made 10 appearances finding the net only once against Southampton F.C . at The Dell in a 3–1 defeat . After Sunderlands relegation back to Division 2 Hauser started the season promisingly . Although not included in the squad for the opening league game , he did start the next five , the last of those five being a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Roker Park which would prove to be Hausers last league start for Sunderland . His final start , and indeed goal for Sunderland came in the League Cup in a 2–1 defeat at home to Huddersfield Town in front of only 8,161 . Hausers final appearance for Sunderland came on Boxing Day 1991 replacing Paul Hardyman in a 1–0 defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park . Thomas remains a cult hero amongst the Sunderland fans who saw him battling with opposition defences at Roker Park , and is known as The German Sub after coming from the bench for 39 of his 65 appearances . Personal life . Thomas Hauser is married and has one daughter . He spent some time living in the Netherlands working for Celtic Glasgow as a scout . Today he lives in Basel and is youth team trainer together with Louis Crayton ( ex-FCB Goalkeeper ) for BSC Old Boys . Career statistics . - *1 appearance in FA Cup and 1 in Zenith Data Systems Cup Honours . Basel - Swiss Champion at youth level : 1981 - Uhrencup Winner : 1983 , 1986 Sunderland - Promotion to Football League First Division : 1990 Sources . - Die ersten 125 Jahre . Publisher : Josef Zindel im Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag , Basel . - Verein Basler Fussballarchiv Homepage |
[
""
] | easy | Thomas Hauser (footballer) played for which team from 1988 to 1991? | /wiki/Thomas_Hauser_(footballer)#P54#1 | Thomas Hauser ( footballer ) Thomas Hauser ( born 1 April 1965 ) is a German former professional footballer who played in the 1980s and early 1990s as forward . Club career . Youth football . Born in Schopfheim , Hauser started his youth football with local team Sportclub Schopfheim , playing there until he left school . In 1980 , he transferred to FC Basel and played in their youth team in the highest level of youth football in Switzerland . In 1981 Basel became Swiss youth champions and Hauser was the league top goal scorer . Basel . Hauser advanced to Basels first team during the winter break of their 1982–83 season . He signed his first professional contract under head-coach Rainer Ohlhauser . After playing in two test games , Hauser played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the St . Jakob Stadium on 23 April 1983 . He scored his first goal for his team in the same game as Basel played a 2–2 draw with St . Gallen.<ref He scored his next goal for the team in the very next match on 30 April , as Basel played an away match draw 1–1 with Winterthur.<ref Aged just 17 years , Hauser trained and played regularly in Basels first team . In 1983 , he won the Uhrencup with Basel , scoring a goal in the semi final match against FC Grenchen . In the Swiss Cup match against Concordia Basel on 21 September 1985 he scored four goals as Basel won 9–1.<ref Between the years 1982 and 1988 Hauser played a total of 155 games for Basel scoring a total of 77 goals . 84 of these games were in the Nationalliga A , eight in the Swiss Cup and 63 were friendly games . He scored 24 goals in the domestic league , seven in the cup and the other 46 were scored during the test games . Hauser was renowned for his goal scoring inconsistency . Sometimes he would score goals with ease and often . For example , in the test match on 6 October 1983 Hauser scored all six goals as his team won 6–3 against SC Ciba-Geigy Rosental.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 29 June 1984 as Basel won 7–2 against SV Sissach.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 23 October 1984 , as Basel won 9–0 against FC Liestal.<ref Again he scored three the against Kriens on 16 April 1985,<ref and again on 10 September 1985 three against BSC Old Boys.<ref But on the other hand , there were times where he did not score a single goal for months on end ( for example from April 1986 to March 1987 ) . After a turbulent time with a financially troubled FC Basel , and following the clubs relegation to the Nationalliga B at the end of the 1987–88 season , Hauser transferred to local rivals BSC Old Boys . He played with them for six months before transferring to Sunderland during the winter break . Sunderland . Hauser made his debut for Sunderland coming on as a substitute for Marco Gabbiadini in a 2–0 League win at Roker Park against Hull City on 25 February 1989 in front of a crowd of 14,719 , following a £200,000 transfer from BSC Old Boys . He went on to make four further substitute appearances until making his full debut against Chelsea F.C . in a 2–1 loss on 21 March 1989 . Hausers first goal came at Boundary Park in a 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic , he scored one week later in a 2–1 victory against Shrewsbury Town at Roker Park . In Sunderlands 1989–90 promotion season Hauser scored six goals including both goals in a crucial 2–1 win against Brighton and Hove Albion on 24 February 1990 at Roker Park . In scoring the equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Roker Park against Port Vale F.C . on 30 December 1989 and only six minutes after coming off the bench against Hull City at Boothferry Park on New Years Day 1990 , Hauser can lay claim to having scored Sunderland#s last goal of the 80s and first goal of the 90s . Later that season Hauser went on to feature for Sunderland in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium coming on as a substitute for Eric Gates in front of a crowd of 72,873 on 28 May 1990 . When Hauser replaced Gates he became the first non-British born player to represent Sunderland at Wembley . The 1990–91 season was Hausers only in the top flight of English football , he made 10 appearances finding the net only once against Southampton F.C . at The Dell in a 3–1 defeat . After Sunderlands relegation back to Division 2 Hauser started the season promisingly . Although not included in the squad for the opening league game , he did start the next five , the last of those five being a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Roker Park which would prove to be Hausers last league start for Sunderland . His final start , and indeed goal for Sunderland came in the League Cup in a 2–1 defeat at home to Huddersfield Town in front of only 8,161 . Hausers final appearance for Sunderland came on Boxing Day 1991 replacing Paul Hardyman in a 1–0 defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park . Thomas remains a cult hero amongst the Sunderland fans who saw him battling with opposition defences at Roker Park , and is known as The German Sub after coming from the bench for 39 of his 65 appearances . Personal life . Thomas Hauser is married and has one daughter . He spent some time living in the Netherlands working for Celtic Glasgow as a scout . Today he lives in Basel and is youth team trainer together with Louis Crayton ( ex-FCB Goalkeeper ) for BSC Old Boys . Career statistics . - *1 appearance in FA Cup and 1 in Zenith Data Systems Cup Honours . Basel - Swiss Champion at youth level : 1981 - Uhrencup Winner : 1983 , 1986 Sunderland - Promotion to Football League First Division : 1990 Sources . - Die ersten 125 Jahre . Publisher : Josef Zindel im Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag , Basel . - Verein Basler Fussballarchiv Homepage |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did Thomas Hauser (footballer) play for from 1992 to 1993? | /wiki/Thomas_Hauser_(footballer)#P54#2 | Thomas Hauser ( footballer ) Thomas Hauser ( born 1 April 1965 ) is a German former professional footballer who played in the 1980s and early 1990s as forward . Club career . Youth football . Born in Schopfheim , Hauser started his youth football with local team Sportclub Schopfheim , playing there until he left school . In 1980 , he transferred to FC Basel and played in their youth team in the highest level of youth football in Switzerland . In 1981 Basel became Swiss youth champions and Hauser was the league top goal scorer . Basel . Hauser advanced to Basels first team during the winter break of their 1982–83 season . He signed his first professional contract under head-coach Rainer Ohlhauser . After playing in two test games , Hauser played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game at the St . Jakob Stadium on 23 April 1983 . He scored his first goal for his team in the same game as Basel played a 2–2 draw with St . Gallen.<ref He scored his next goal for the team in the very next match on 30 April , as Basel played an away match draw 1–1 with Winterthur.<ref Aged just 17 years , Hauser trained and played regularly in Basels first team . In 1983 , he won the Uhrencup with Basel , scoring a goal in the semi final match against FC Grenchen . In the Swiss Cup match against Concordia Basel on 21 September 1985 he scored four goals as Basel won 9–1.<ref Between the years 1982 and 1988 Hauser played a total of 155 games for Basel scoring a total of 77 goals . 84 of these games were in the Nationalliga A , eight in the Swiss Cup and 63 were friendly games . He scored 24 goals in the domestic league , seven in the cup and the other 46 were scored during the test games . Hauser was renowned for his goal scoring inconsistency . Sometimes he would score goals with ease and often . For example , in the test match on 6 October 1983 Hauser scored all six goals as his team won 6–3 against SC Ciba-Geigy Rosental.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 29 June 1984 as Basel won 7–2 against SV Sissach.<ref He scored a hat-trick in the test game on 23 October 1984 , as Basel won 9–0 against FC Liestal.<ref Again he scored three the against Kriens on 16 April 1985,<ref and again on 10 September 1985 three against BSC Old Boys.<ref But on the other hand , there were times where he did not score a single goal for months on end ( for example from April 1986 to March 1987 ) . After a turbulent time with a financially troubled FC Basel , and following the clubs relegation to the Nationalliga B at the end of the 1987–88 season , Hauser transferred to local rivals BSC Old Boys . He played with them for six months before transferring to Sunderland during the winter break . Sunderland . Hauser made his debut for Sunderland coming on as a substitute for Marco Gabbiadini in a 2–0 League win at Roker Park against Hull City on 25 February 1989 in front of a crowd of 14,719 , following a £200,000 transfer from BSC Old Boys . He went on to make four further substitute appearances until making his full debut against Chelsea F.C . in a 2–1 loss on 21 March 1989 . Hausers first goal came at Boundary Park in a 2–2 draw with Oldham Athletic , he scored one week later in a 2–1 victory against Shrewsbury Town at Roker Park . In Sunderlands 1989–90 promotion season Hauser scored six goals including both goals in a crucial 2–1 win against Brighton and Hove Albion on 24 February 1990 at Roker Park . In scoring the equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Roker Park against Port Vale F.C . on 30 December 1989 and only six minutes after coming off the bench against Hull City at Boothferry Park on New Years Day 1990 , Hauser can lay claim to having scored Sunderland#s last goal of the 80s and first goal of the 90s . Later that season Hauser went on to feature for Sunderland in the play-off final at Wembley Stadium coming on as a substitute for Eric Gates in front of a crowd of 72,873 on 28 May 1990 . When Hauser replaced Gates he became the first non-British born player to represent Sunderland at Wembley . The 1990–91 season was Hausers only in the top flight of English football , he made 10 appearances finding the net only once against Southampton F.C . at The Dell in a 3–1 defeat . After Sunderlands relegation back to Division 2 Hauser started the season promisingly . Although not included in the squad for the opening league game , he did start the next five , the last of those five being a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers at Roker Park which would prove to be Hausers last league start for Sunderland . His final start , and indeed goal for Sunderland came in the League Cup in a 2–1 defeat at home to Huddersfield Town in front of only 8,161 . Hausers final appearance for Sunderland came on Boxing Day 1991 replacing Paul Hardyman in a 1–0 defeat to Tranmere Rovers at Prenton Park . Thomas remains a cult hero amongst the Sunderland fans who saw him battling with opposition defences at Roker Park , and is known as The German Sub after coming from the bench for 39 of his 65 appearances . Personal life . Thomas Hauser is married and has one daughter . He spent some time living in the Netherlands working for Celtic Glasgow as a scout . Today he lives in Basel and is youth team trainer together with Louis Crayton ( ex-FCB Goalkeeper ) for BSC Old Boys . Career statistics . - *1 appearance in FA Cup and 1 in Zenith Data Systems Cup Honours . Basel - Swiss Champion at youth level : 1981 - Uhrencup Winner : 1983 , 1986 Sunderland - Promotion to Football League First Division : 1990 Sources . - Die ersten 125 Jahre . Publisher : Josef Zindel im Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag , Basel . - Verein Basler Fussballarchiv Homepage |
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] | easy | Château Miraval, Correns-Var was owned by whom from 1841 to 1998? | /wiki/Château_Miraval,_Correns-Var#P127#0 | Château Miraval , Correns-Var Château Miraval is a château and vineyard located in the village of Correns , just north of Brignoles , a village in the Var département in the south of France . The château hit headlines in late May 2008 when it was revealed that Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie had leased it for three years with an option to buy , after surveying prospective properties by helicopter , with the intention of having the twins they expected born in France . It is now owned by Pitt and Jolie , who were married in the châteaus chapel in August 2014 . In 2017 , a new product was released by Château Miraval , an organic extra virgin olive oil . LHuile dOlive Miraval is packaged in black stoneware bottles and contains blended extra virgin olive oil produced from olives grown on the Miraval estate and locally-sourced Verdale , Pichouline , Tanche , Lucques , Aglandau , Cayon and Arboussane organic olives . History . Miraval estate is located on a site first inhabited in pre-Roman times . The château , in a modest vernacular style , has thirty-five rooms . It is surrounded by gardens with a moat , fountains , ancient aqueducts , a pond and a chapel , and by its vineyard , recently planted olive grove and by the surrounding garrigue and woodlands of evergreen and white oak , and Stone Pine , Aleppo Pine and Maritime Pine . A previous owner , the French jazz pianist Jacques Loussier , installed a recording studio in the château : Sting recorded there , as did the Cranberries , and Pink Floyd laid down tracks for The Wall album , released in 1979 . Its more recent American owner , Tom Bove , who bought the domaine in 1993 and modernised its viticulture , which had been producing simple vin de pays , has added a spa , Jacuzzi , twin gyms and an indoor pool . The château is known for its wines , white wines under the Coteaux Varois appellation and red , white and rosé wine under the Côtes de Provence appellation : the Guide Hachette des Vins called it one of Frances top 500 wine producers . The domaine consists of 400 hectares ( 1,000 acres ) of which 30 hectares on the valley floor are devoted to vines . A series of winding stone terraces following the profiles of the slopes are planted with thirteen varieties of olives . The immense wine cellar of Miraval was built in 1850 by Joseph-Louis Lambot , the inventor of reinforced concrete , who owned the nearby domaine of La Celle . The Côtes de Provence Rosé Miraval has won plaudits from Wine Spectator magazine . In January 2020 , co-owner and winemaker Marc Perrin confirmed that Miraval is set to release a Rosé Champagne in collaboration with Champagne grower-producer Rodolphe Péters . External links . - Official Miraval Estate website |
[
""
] | easy | Château Miraval, Correns-Var was owned by whom from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Château_Miraval,_Correns-Var#P127#1 | Château Miraval , Correns-Var Château Miraval is a château and vineyard located in the village of Correns , just north of Brignoles , a village in the Var département in the south of France . The château hit headlines in late May 2008 when it was revealed that Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie had leased it for three years with an option to buy , after surveying prospective properties by helicopter , with the intention of having the twins they expected born in France . It is now owned by Pitt and Jolie , who were married in the châteaus chapel in August 2014 . In 2017 , a new product was released by Château Miraval , an organic extra virgin olive oil . LHuile dOlive Miraval is packaged in black stoneware bottles and contains blended extra virgin olive oil produced from olives grown on the Miraval estate and locally-sourced Verdale , Pichouline , Tanche , Lucques , Aglandau , Cayon and Arboussane organic olives . History . Miraval estate is located on a site first inhabited in pre-Roman times . The château , in a modest vernacular style , has thirty-five rooms . It is surrounded by gardens with a moat , fountains , ancient aqueducts , a pond and a chapel , and by its vineyard , recently planted olive grove and by the surrounding garrigue and woodlands of evergreen and white oak , and Stone Pine , Aleppo Pine and Maritime Pine . A previous owner , the French jazz pianist Jacques Loussier , installed a recording studio in the château : Sting recorded there , as did the Cranberries , and Pink Floyd laid down tracks for The Wall album , released in 1979 . Its more recent American owner , Tom Bove , who bought the domaine in 1993 and modernised its viticulture , which had been producing simple vin de pays , has added a spa , Jacuzzi , twin gyms and an indoor pool . The château is known for its wines , white wines under the Coteaux Varois appellation and red , white and rosé wine under the Côtes de Provence appellation : the Guide Hachette des Vins called it one of Frances top 500 wine producers . The domaine consists of 400 hectares ( 1,000 acres ) of which 30 hectares on the valley floor are devoted to vines . A series of winding stone terraces following the profiles of the slopes are planted with thirteen varieties of olives . The immense wine cellar of Miraval was built in 1850 by Joseph-Louis Lambot , the inventor of reinforced concrete , who owned the nearby domaine of La Celle . The Côtes de Provence Rosé Miraval has won plaudits from Wine Spectator magazine . In January 2020 , co-owner and winemaker Marc Perrin confirmed that Miraval is set to release a Rosé Champagne in collaboration with Champagne grower-producer Rodolphe Péters . External links . - Official Miraval Estate website |
[
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] | easy | What position did Isaac Toucey take from Mar 1837 to Mar 1839? | /wiki/Isaac_Toucey#P39#0 | Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey ( November 15 , 1792July 30 , 1869 ) was an American politician who served as a U.S . senator , U.S . Secretary of the Navy , U.S . Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut . Biography . Born in Newtown , Connecticut , Toucey pursued classical studies ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Hartford , Connecticut , in 1818 . From 1825 to 1835 he had his own practice in Hartford , Connecticut . He married Catherine Nichols in Hartford on October 28 , 1827 . The couple never had any children . Career . In 1822 , Toucey was named prosecuting attorney of Hartford County , Connecticut . He served in that position until 1835 , when he was elected to the 24th and 25th Congresses ( at-large and then representing the 1st District ) . He served from 1835 to 1839 . He lost the election of 1838 and returned to his position as prosecuting attorney in 1842 . In 1845 , Toucey ran for Governor of Connecticut and lost , but the Connecticut State Legislature appointed him to the position following the election in 1846 . During his tenure , an antibribery bill geared toward eliminating fraudulent electoral procedures was considered . He was defeated in an attempt at re-nomination in 1847 . In 1848 , President James K . Polk appointed Toucey the 20th Attorney General of the United States , a position he held until 1849 . He returned to Connecticut and took a place in the Connecticut Senate in 1850 , and then in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1852 . Toucey was elected to the U.S . Senate for the term commencing March 4 , 1851 , and served from May 12 , 1852 , to March 3 , 1857 , having that year declined to be a candidate for reelection . During that time , he often served as the legislative point man for Franklin Pierce and his administration . James Buchanan , who Toucey had served with in the Polk administration , appointed him U.S . Secretary of the Navy in his Cabinet in 1857 as a sop to the Pierce faction as well as to represent New England in the Cabinet . A moderate Northerner much in line with Buchanans thought in the sectional controversies of the day , Toucey held that post until 1861 and the arrival of the Abraham Lincoln administration . Toucey was then replaced by one of his chief rivals in Connecticut , Gideon Welles . After 1861 he returned to his law practice . Death and legacy . Toucey died in Hartford on July 30 , 1869 . He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford , Connecticut . USS Toucey ( DD-282 ) was named for him . External links . - Connecticut State Library : Isaac Toucey , Governor of Connecticut from 1846 to 1847 - National Governors Association - Govtrack US Congress - The Political Graveyard |
[
"Governor of Connecticut"
] | easy | What position did Isaac Toucey take from May 1846 to May 1847? | /wiki/Isaac_Toucey#P39#1 | Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey ( November 15 , 1792July 30 , 1869 ) was an American politician who served as a U.S . senator , U.S . Secretary of the Navy , U.S . Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut . Biography . Born in Newtown , Connecticut , Toucey pursued classical studies ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Hartford , Connecticut , in 1818 . From 1825 to 1835 he had his own practice in Hartford , Connecticut . He married Catherine Nichols in Hartford on October 28 , 1827 . The couple never had any children . Career . In 1822 , Toucey was named prosecuting attorney of Hartford County , Connecticut . He served in that position until 1835 , when he was elected to the 24th and 25th Congresses ( at-large and then representing the 1st District ) . He served from 1835 to 1839 . He lost the election of 1838 and returned to his position as prosecuting attorney in 1842 . In 1845 , Toucey ran for Governor of Connecticut and lost , but the Connecticut State Legislature appointed him to the position following the election in 1846 . During his tenure , an antibribery bill geared toward eliminating fraudulent electoral procedures was considered . He was defeated in an attempt at re-nomination in 1847 . In 1848 , President James K . Polk appointed Toucey the 20th Attorney General of the United States , a position he held until 1849 . He returned to Connecticut and took a place in the Connecticut Senate in 1850 , and then in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1852 . Toucey was elected to the U.S . Senate for the term commencing March 4 , 1851 , and served from May 12 , 1852 , to March 3 , 1857 , having that year declined to be a candidate for reelection . During that time , he often served as the legislative point man for Franklin Pierce and his administration . James Buchanan , who Toucey had served with in the Polk administration , appointed him U.S . Secretary of the Navy in his Cabinet in 1857 as a sop to the Pierce faction as well as to represent New England in the Cabinet . A moderate Northerner much in line with Buchanans thought in the sectional controversies of the day , Toucey held that post until 1861 and the arrival of the Abraham Lincoln administration . Toucey was then replaced by one of his chief rivals in Connecticut , Gideon Welles . After 1861 he returned to his law practice . Death and legacy . Toucey died in Hartford on July 30 , 1869 . He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford , Connecticut . USS Toucey ( DD-282 ) was named for him . External links . - Connecticut State Library : Isaac Toucey , Governor of Connecticut from 1846 to 1847 - National Governors Association - Govtrack US Congress - The Political Graveyard |
[
"Attorney General of the United States"
] | easy | What position did Isaac Toucey take from Jun 1848 to Mar 1849? | /wiki/Isaac_Toucey#P39#2 | Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey ( November 15 , 1792July 30 , 1869 ) was an American politician who served as a U.S . senator , U.S . Secretary of the Navy , U.S . Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut . Biography . Born in Newtown , Connecticut , Toucey pursued classical studies ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Hartford , Connecticut , in 1818 . From 1825 to 1835 he had his own practice in Hartford , Connecticut . He married Catherine Nichols in Hartford on October 28 , 1827 . The couple never had any children . Career . In 1822 , Toucey was named prosecuting attorney of Hartford County , Connecticut . He served in that position until 1835 , when he was elected to the 24th and 25th Congresses ( at-large and then representing the 1st District ) . He served from 1835 to 1839 . He lost the election of 1838 and returned to his position as prosecuting attorney in 1842 . In 1845 , Toucey ran for Governor of Connecticut and lost , but the Connecticut State Legislature appointed him to the position following the election in 1846 . During his tenure , an antibribery bill geared toward eliminating fraudulent electoral procedures was considered . He was defeated in an attempt at re-nomination in 1847 . In 1848 , President James K . Polk appointed Toucey the 20th Attorney General of the United States , a position he held until 1849 . He returned to Connecticut and took a place in the Connecticut Senate in 1850 , and then in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1852 . Toucey was elected to the U.S . Senate for the term commencing March 4 , 1851 , and served from May 12 , 1852 , to March 3 , 1857 , having that year declined to be a candidate for reelection . During that time , he often served as the legislative point man for Franklin Pierce and his administration . James Buchanan , who Toucey had served with in the Polk administration , appointed him U.S . Secretary of the Navy in his Cabinet in 1857 as a sop to the Pierce faction as well as to represent New England in the Cabinet . A moderate Northerner much in line with Buchanans thought in the sectional controversies of the day , Toucey held that post until 1861 and the arrival of the Abraham Lincoln administration . Toucey was then replaced by one of his chief rivals in Connecticut , Gideon Welles . After 1861 he returned to his law practice . Death and legacy . Toucey died in Hartford on July 30 , 1869 . He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford , Connecticut . USS Toucey ( DD-282 ) was named for him . External links . - Connecticut State Library : Isaac Toucey , Governor of Connecticut from 1846 to 1847 - National Governors Association - Govtrack US Congress - The Political Graveyard |
[
"U.S . Senate"
] | easy | What position did Isaac Toucey take from May 1852 to Mar 1857? | /wiki/Isaac_Toucey#P39#3 | Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey ( November 15 , 1792July 30 , 1869 ) was an American politician who served as a U.S . senator , U.S . Secretary of the Navy , U.S . Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut . Biography . Born in Newtown , Connecticut , Toucey pursued classical studies ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Hartford , Connecticut , in 1818 . From 1825 to 1835 he had his own practice in Hartford , Connecticut . He married Catherine Nichols in Hartford on October 28 , 1827 . The couple never had any children . Career . In 1822 , Toucey was named prosecuting attorney of Hartford County , Connecticut . He served in that position until 1835 , when he was elected to the 24th and 25th Congresses ( at-large and then representing the 1st District ) . He served from 1835 to 1839 . He lost the election of 1838 and returned to his position as prosecuting attorney in 1842 . In 1845 , Toucey ran for Governor of Connecticut and lost , but the Connecticut State Legislature appointed him to the position following the election in 1846 . During his tenure , an antibribery bill geared toward eliminating fraudulent electoral procedures was considered . He was defeated in an attempt at re-nomination in 1847 . In 1848 , President James K . Polk appointed Toucey the 20th Attorney General of the United States , a position he held until 1849 . He returned to Connecticut and took a place in the Connecticut Senate in 1850 , and then in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1852 . Toucey was elected to the U.S . Senate for the term commencing March 4 , 1851 , and served from May 12 , 1852 , to March 3 , 1857 , having that year declined to be a candidate for reelection . During that time , he often served as the legislative point man for Franklin Pierce and his administration . James Buchanan , who Toucey had served with in the Polk administration , appointed him U.S . Secretary of the Navy in his Cabinet in 1857 as a sop to the Pierce faction as well as to represent New England in the Cabinet . A moderate Northerner much in line with Buchanans thought in the sectional controversies of the day , Toucey held that post until 1861 and the arrival of the Abraham Lincoln administration . Toucey was then replaced by one of his chief rivals in Connecticut , Gideon Welles . After 1861 he returned to his law practice . Death and legacy . Toucey died in Hartford on July 30 , 1869 . He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford , Connecticut . USS Toucey ( DD-282 ) was named for him . External links . - Connecticut State Library : Isaac Toucey , Governor of Connecticut from 1846 to 1847 - National Governors Association - Govtrack US Congress - The Political Graveyard |
[
"U.S . Secretary of the Navy"
] | easy | What was the position of Isaac Toucey from Mar 1857 to Mar 1861? | /wiki/Isaac_Toucey#P39#4 | Isaac Toucey Isaac Toucey ( November 15 , 1792July 30 , 1869 ) was an American politician who served as a U.S . senator , U.S . Secretary of the Navy , U.S . Attorney General and the 33rd Governor of Connecticut . Biography . Born in Newtown , Connecticut , Toucey pursued classical studies ; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Hartford , Connecticut , in 1818 . From 1825 to 1835 he had his own practice in Hartford , Connecticut . He married Catherine Nichols in Hartford on October 28 , 1827 . The couple never had any children . Career . In 1822 , Toucey was named prosecuting attorney of Hartford County , Connecticut . He served in that position until 1835 , when he was elected to the 24th and 25th Congresses ( at-large and then representing the 1st District ) . He served from 1835 to 1839 . He lost the election of 1838 and returned to his position as prosecuting attorney in 1842 . In 1845 , Toucey ran for Governor of Connecticut and lost , but the Connecticut State Legislature appointed him to the position following the election in 1846 . During his tenure , an antibribery bill geared toward eliminating fraudulent electoral procedures was considered . He was defeated in an attempt at re-nomination in 1847 . In 1848 , President James K . Polk appointed Toucey the 20th Attorney General of the United States , a position he held until 1849 . He returned to Connecticut and took a place in the Connecticut Senate in 1850 , and then in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1852 . Toucey was elected to the U.S . Senate for the term commencing March 4 , 1851 , and served from May 12 , 1852 , to March 3 , 1857 , having that year declined to be a candidate for reelection . During that time , he often served as the legislative point man for Franklin Pierce and his administration . James Buchanan , who Toucey had served with in the Polk administration , appointed him U.S . Secretary of the Navy in his Cabinet in 1857 as a sop to the Pierce faction as well as to represent New England in the Cabinet . A moderate Northerner much in line with Buchanans thought in the sectional controversies of the day , Toucey held that post until 1861 and the arrival of the Abraham Lincoln administration . Toucey was then replaced by one of his chief rivals in Connecticut , Gideon Welles . After 1861 he returned to his law practice . Death and legacy . Toucey died in Hartford on July 30 , 1869 . He is interred at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford , Connecticut . USS Toucey ( DD-282 ) was named for him . External links . - Connecticut State Library : Isaac Toucey , Governor of Connecticut from 1846 to 1847 - National Governors Association - Govtrack US Congress - The Political Graveyard |
[
"Workable FC"
] | easy | Yapp Hung Fai played for which team from 2007 to 2008? | /wiki/Yapp_Hung_Fai#P54#0 | Yapp Hung Fai Yapp Hung Fai ( , ; born 21 March 1990 ) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong national football team , with 76 caps in total . Club career . Born in a Hakka family , Yapp finished his studies at Form 5 level . He was accepted by Queens College Old Boys Association Secondary School for Form 6 but he gave it up to pursue his football dream . He had already represented Hong Kong at under-17 level . Workable . Yapp Hung Fai started his professional career at Workable when he was only 17 under coach Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming in 2007 . His salary was only HK$5,000 . During his time at Workable FC , he helped the team to an unexpected 1:0 win against South China AA in the 2007-08 Hong Kong League Cup . Eastern . After Workable FC was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season , Yapp followed Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming to Eastern . But the club did not achieve good results and decided to return to the Hong Kong Third Division League at the end of the season . Pegasus . Yapp Hung Fai moved to Pegasus in 2009 . After helping the club beat Citizen AA 2:1 to win the 2009-10 Hong Kong FA Cup and qualify for the 2011 AFC Cup , Yapp Hung Fai announced that he will join league champions South China AA along with teammate Lau Nim Yat . Yapp said he decided to join South China before the game and South Chinas Hong Kong location will be easier for him to attend school . He is also not worried about competing with Zhang Chunhui for the starting goalkeeper place . South China . In 2010 , Yapp Hung Fai moved to Hong Kong First Division League champions South China AA . On 29 September 2010 , during Tottenham Hotspurs chief scout Ian Broomfields visit to South China , he praised Yapp for his enormous potential . This goalkeeper is not tall , but his reactions are sharp and he is quick to come out of the box to block strikers . He is also very committed and very well disciplined . After defeating East Bengal in the 2011 AFC Cup game at home on 14 April 2011 , South China striker Mateja Kezman suggested that Yapp Hung Fai has what it takes to play in European football leagues . During the summer of 2013 , Yapp had agreed to a 4.5 year contract with Guizhou Renhe . However , his registration was denied by the Chinese Football Association on the grounds that Yapp did not qualify as a domestic player and as such , would violate the Chinese Super League stipulations which require all keepers to be domestic players . Second spell with Eastern . In June 2014 , Yapp returned to Eastern after his contract with South China expired . International career . Hong Kong U-23 . On 12 December 2009 , Hong Kong played in the football final of the 2009 East Asian Games . The game ended 1:1 after extra time . In the penalty shoot-out , Yapp Hung Fai saved from Shohei Otsuka before Japanese defender Daisuke Suzuki sent his effort wide . Hong Kong eventually won the penalty shoot out 4:2 and took the gold medal . Yapp Hung Fais performance was widely applauded in the territory and he was nicknamed 英雄輝 ( Hero Fai ) by the public . Yapp Hung Fai took part in the 2010 Asian Games for Hong Kong U23 . Hong Kong advanced to the knock-out stage for the first time in 52 years after wins over Uzbekistan and Bangladesh and a draw with United Arab Emirates . In the knock-out stage Hong Kong was defeated by Oman 0:3 with Yapp Hung Fai saving a penalty to prevent another goal . In the 2012 London Olympics Asian qualification tie against Uzbekistan , Yapp Hung Fai saved a penalty in the away game to prevent Hong Kong U23 losing 0:2 . In the end , Hong Kong lost the tie 0:3 on aggregate . On 10 August 2011 , Hong Kong Football Association announced its squad for the 2013 East Asian Games football tournament . Only Yapp Hung Fai remains from the original gold medal winning 2009 squad . Hong Kong . On 11 February 2010 , at the age of 19 , Yapp made his senior debut in a 2010 East Asian Football Championship match against Japan . In 2011 , Yapp took part in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification matches for Hong Kong against Saudi Arabia . Hong Kong lost the tie 0:8 . In the 2012 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup , the first match at Hong Kong Stadium ended 2–2 . After the second match ended as 0–0 in Huizhou Stadium , Yapp Hung-Fai saved 3 penalties in the penalty shoot-out to help Hong Kong win by 5–4 . He is once again hailed as Hong Kongs cup winning hero . On 10 September 2019 , Hong Kong faced Iran in a match of 2022 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification . Yapp got his 71st cap for the national team with FIFA A international match , making him be the most capped player of the team . Honours . Club . - South China - Hong Kong First Division : 2012–13 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2013–14 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2010–11 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2010–11 - Pegasus - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2009–10 - Eastern - Hong Kong Premier League : 2015–16 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2019–20 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2019–20 International . - Hong Kong - Long Teng Cup ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2011 - Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup ( 2 ) : 2012 , 2013 - Hong Kong U-23 - East Asian Games ( 1 ) : 2009 : Gold Individual . - East Asian Games Best Goalkeeper ( 1 ) : 2009 - Hong Kong Best Youth Player ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2013 - Hong Kong Premier League Team of the Year ( 8 ) : 2010–17 - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2016 Career statistics . Club . As of 31 May 2013 ( CLEAN SHEETS NOT UPDATED ) Player profile . Yapp has excellent speed and reflexes , making him an ideal one-on-one goalkeeper . He has a great ability of rushing out and closing down the attacker , and can react quickly to shots . He is also an excellent penalty kick saver , having saved penalties on multiple big occasions . However , Yapp is susceptible to crosses and corner kicks due to his lack of height . External links . - Yapp Hung Fai at HKFA |
[
"Eastern"
] | easy | Yapp Hung Fai played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Yapp_Hung_Fai#P54#1 | Yapp Hung Fai Yapp Hung Fai ( , ; born 21 March 1990 ) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong national football team , with 76 caps in total . Club career . Born in a Hakka family , Yapp finished his studies at Form 5 level . He was accepted by Queens College Old Boys Association Secondary School for Form 6 but he gave it up to pursue his football dream . He had already represented Hong Kong at under-17 level . Workable . Yapp Hung Fai started his professional career at Workable when he was only 17 under coach Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming in 2007 . His salary was only HK$5,000 . During his time at Workable FC , he helped the team to an unexpected 1:0 win against South China AA in the 2007-08 Hong Kong League Cup . Eastern . After Workable FC was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season , Yapp followed Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming to Eastern . But the club did not achieve good results and decided to return to the Hong Kong Third Division League at the end of the season . Pegasus . Yapp Hung Fai moved to Pegasus in 2009 . After helping the club beat Citizen AA 2:1 to win the 2009-10 Hong Kong FA Cup and qualify for the 2011 AFC Cup , Yapp Hung Fai announced that he will join league champions South China AA along with teammate Lau Nim Yat . Yapp said he decided to join South China before the game and South Chinas Hong Kong location will be easier for him to attend school . He is also not worried about competing with Zhang Chunhui for the starting goalkeeper place . South China . In 2010 , Yapp Hung Fai moved to Hong Kong First Division League champions South China AA . On 29 September 2010 , during Tottenham Hotspurs chief scout Ian Broomfields visit to South China , he praised Yapp for his enormous potential . This goalkeeper is not tall , but his reactions are sharp and he is quick to come out of the box to block strikers . He is also very committed and very well disciplined . After defeating East Bengal in the 2011 AFC Cup game at home on 14 April 2011 , South China striker Mateja Kezman suggested that Yapp Hung Fai has what it takes to play in European football leagues . During the summer of 2013 , Yapp had agreed to a 4.5 year contract with Guizhou Renhe . However , his registration was denied by the Chinese Football Association on the grounds that Yapp did not qualify as a domestic player and as such , would violate the Chinese Super League stipulations which require all keepers to be domestic players . Second spell with Eastern . In June 2014 , Yapp returned to Eastern after his contract with South China expired . International career . Hong Kong U-23 . On 12 December 2009 , Hong Kong played in the football final of the 2009 East Asian Games . The game ended 1:1 after extra time . In the penalty shoot-out , Yapp Hung Fai saved from Shohei Otsuka before Japanese defender Daisuke Suzuki sent his effort wide . Hong Kong eventually won the penalty shoot out 4:2 and took the gold medal . Yapp Hung Fais performance was widely applauded in the territory and he was nicknamed 英雄輝 ( Hero Fai ) by the public . Yapp Hung Fai took part in the 2010 Asian Games for Hong Kong U23 . Hong Kong advanced to the knock-out stage for the first time in 52 years after wins over Uzbekistan and Bangladesh and a draw with United Arab Emirates . In the knock-out stage Hong Kong was defeated by Oman 0:3 with Yapp Hung Fai saving a penalty to prevent another goal . In the 2012 London Olympics Asian qualification tie against Uzbekistan , Yapp Hung Fai saved a penalty in the away game to prevent Hong Kong U23 losing 0:2 . In the end , Hong Kong lost the tie 0:3 on aggregate . On 10 August 2011 , Hong Kong Football Association announced its squad for the 2013 East Asian Games football tournament . Only Yapp Hung Fai remains from the original gold medal winning 2009 squad . Hong Kong . On 11 February 2010 , at the age of 19 , Yapp made his senior debut in a 2010 East Asian Football Championship match against Japan . In 2011 , Yapp took part in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification matches for Hong Kong against Saudi Arabia . Hong Kong lost the tie 0:8 . In the 2012 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup , the first match at Hong Kong Stadium ended 2–2 . After the second match ended as 0–0 in Huizhou Stadium , Yapp Hung-Fai saved 3 penalties in the penalty shoot-out to help Hong Kong win by 5–4 . He is once again hailed as Hong Kongs cup winning hero . On 10 September 2019 , Hong Kong faced Iran in a match of 2022 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification . Yapp got his 71st cap for the national team with FIFA A international match , making him be the most capped player of the team . Honours . Club . - South China - Hong Kong First Division : 2012–13 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2013–14 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2010–11 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2010–11 - Pegasus - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2009–10 - Eastern - Hong Kong Premier League : 2015–16 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2019–20 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2019–20 International . - Hong Kong - Long Teng Cup ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2011 - Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup ( 2 ) : 2012 , 2013 - Hong Kong U-23 - East Asian Games ( 1 ) : 2009 : Gold Individual . - East Asian Games Best Goalkeeper ( 1 ) : 2009 - Hong Kong Best Youth Player ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2013 - Hong Kong Premier League Team of the Year ( 8 ) : 2010–17 - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2016 Career statistics . Club . As of 31 May 2013 ( CLEAN SHEETS NOT UPDATED ) Player profile . Yapp has excellent speed and reflexes , making him an ideal one-on-one goalkeeper . He has a great ability of rushing out and closing down the attacker , and can react quickly to shots . He is also an excellent penalty kick saver , having saved penalties on multiple big occasions . However , Yapp is susceptible to crosses and corner kicks due to his lack of height . External links . - Yapp Hung Fai at HKFA |
[
"Pegasus"
] | easy | Which team did the player Yapp Hung Fai belong to from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Yapp_Hung_Fai#P54#2 | Yapp Hung Fai Yapp Hung Fai ( , ; born 21 March 1990 ) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong national football team , with 76 caps in total . Club career . Born in a Hakka family , Yapp finished his studies at Form 5 level . He was accepted by Queens College Old Boys Association Secondary School for Form 6 but he gave it up to pursue his football dream . He had already represented Hong Kong at under-17 level . Workable . Yapp Hung Fai started his professional career at Workable when he was only 17 under coach Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming in 2007 . His salary was only HK$5,000 . During his time at Workable FC , he helped the team to an unexpected 1:0 win against South China AA in the 2007-08 Hong Kong League Cup . Eastern . After Workable FC was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season , Yapp followed Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming to Eastern . But the club did not achieve good results and decided to return to the Hong Kong Third Division League at the end of the season . Pegasus . Yapp Hung Fai moved to Pegasus in 2009 . After helping the club beat Citizen AA 2:1 to win the 2009-10 Hong Kong FA Cup and qualify for the 2011 AFC Cup , Yapp Hung Fai announced that he will join league champions South China AA along with teammate Lau Nim Yat . Yapp said he decided to join South China before the game and South Chinas Hong Kong location will be easier for him to attend school . He is also not worried about competing with Zhang Chunhui for the starting goalkeeper place . South China . In 2010 , Yapp Hung Fai moved to Hong Kong First Division League champions South China AA . On 29 September 2010 , during Tottenham Hotspurs chief scout Ian Broomfields visit to South China , he praised Yapp for his enormous potential . This goalkeeper is not tall , but his reactions are sharp and he is quick to come out of the box to block strikers . He is also very committed and very well disciplined . After defeating East Bengal in the 2011 AFC Cup game at home on 14 April 2011 , South China striker Mateja Kezman suggested that Yapp Hung Fai has what it takes to play in European football leagues . During the summer of 2013 , Yapp had agreed to a 4.5 year contract with Guizhou Renhe . However , his registration was denied by the Chinese Football Association on the grounds that Yapp did not qualify as a domestic player and as such , would violate the Chinese Super League stipulations which require all keepers to be domestic players . Second spell with Eastern . In June 2014 , Yapp returned to Eastern after his contract with South China expired . International career . Hong Kong U-23 . On 12 December 2009 , Hong Kong played in the football final of the 2009 East Asian Games . The game ended 1:1 after extra time . In the penalty shoot-out , Yapp Hung Fai saved from Shohei Otsuka before Japanese defender Daisuke Suzuki sent his effort wide . Hong Kong eventually won the penalty shoot out 4:2 and took the gold medal . Yapp Hung Fais performance was widely applauded in the territory and he was nicknamed 英雄輝 ( Hero Fai ) by the public . Yapp Hung Fai took part in the 2010 Asian Games for Hong Kong U23 . Hong Kong advanced to the knock-out stage for the first time in 52 years after wins over Uzbekistan and Bangladesh and a draw with United Arab Emirates . In the knock-out stage Hong Kong was defeated by Oman 0:3 with Yapp Hung Fai saving a penalty to prevent another goal . In the 2012 London Olympics Asian qualification tie against Uzbekistan , Yapp Hung Fai saved a penalty in the away game to prevent Hong Kong U23 losing 0:2 . In the end , Hong Kong lost the tie 0:3 on aggregate . On 10 August 2011 , Hong Kong Football Association announced its squad for the 2013 East Asian Games football tournament . Only Yapp Hung Fai remains from the original gold medal winning 2009 squad . Hong Kong . On 11 February 2010 , at the age of 19 , Yapp made his senior debut in a 2010 East Asian Football Championship match against Japan . In 2011 , Yapp took part in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification matches for Hong Kong against Saudi Arabia . Hong Kong lost the tie 0:8 . In the 2012 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup , the first match at Hong Kong Stadium ended 2–2 . After the second match ended as 0–0 in Huizhou Stadium , Yapp Hung-Fai saved 3 penalties in the penalty shoot-out to help Hong Kong win by 5–4 . He is once again hailed as Hong Kongs cup winning hero . On 10 September 2019 , Hong Kong faced Iran in a match of 2022 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification . Yapp got his 71st cap for the national team with FIFA A international match , making him be the most capped player of the team . Honours . Club . - South China - Hong Kong First Division : 2012–13 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2013–14 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2010–11 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2010–11 - Pegasus - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2009–10 - Eastern - Hong Kong Premier League : 2015–16 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2019–20 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2019–20 International . - Hong Kong - Long Teng Cup ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2011 - Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup ( 2 ) : 2012 , 2013 - Hong Kong U-23 - East Asian Games ( 1 ) : 2009 : Gold Individual . - East Asian Games Best Goalkeeper ( 1 ) : 2009 - Hong Kong Best Youth Player ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2013 - Hong Kong Premier League Team of the Year ( 8 ) : 2010–17 - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2016 Career statistics . Club . As of 31 May 2013 ( CLEAN SHEETS NOT UPDATED ) Player profile . Yapp has excellent speed and reflexes , making him an ideal one-on-one goalkeeper . He has a great ability of rushing out and closing down the attacker , and can react quickly to shots . He is also an excellent penalty kick saver , having saved penalties on multiple big occasions . However , Yapp is susceptible to crosses and corner kicks due to his lack of height . External links . - Yapp Hung Fai at HKFA |
[
"Hong Kong U23",
"Hong Kong"
] | easy | Which team did Yapp Hung Fai play for from 2010 to 2014? | /wiki/Yapp_Hung_Fai#P54#3 | Yapp Hung Fai Yapp Hung Fai ( , ; born 21 March 1990 ) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong national football team , with 76 caps in total . Club career . Born in a Hakka family , Yapp finished his studies at Form 5 level . He was accepted by Queens College Old Boys Association Secondary School for Form 6 but he gave it up to pursue his football dream . He had already represented Hong Kong at under-17 level . Workable . Yapp Hung Fai started his professional career at Workable when he was only 17 under coach Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming in 2007 . His salary was only HK$5,000 . During his time at Workable FC , he helped the team to an unexpected 1:0 win against South China AA in the 2007-08 Hong Kong League Cup . Eastern . After Workable FC was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season , Yapp followed Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming to Eastern . But the club did not achieve good results and decided to return to the Hong Kong Third Division League at the end of the season . Pegasus . Yapp Hung Fai moved to Pegasus in 2009 . After helping the club beat Citizen AA 2:1 to win the 2009-10 Hong Kong FA Cup and qualify for the 2011 AFC Cup , Yapp Hung Fai announced that he will join league champions South China AA along with teammate Lau Nim Yat . Yapp said he decided to join South China before the game and South Chinas Hong Kong location will be easier for him to attend school . He is also not worried about competing with Zhang Chunhui for the starting goalkeeper place . South China . In 2010 , Yapp Hung Fai moved to Hong Kong First Division League champions South China AA . On 29 September 2010 , during Tottenham Hotspurs chief scout Ian Broomfields visit to South China , he praised Yapp for his enormous potential . This goalkeeper is not tall , but his reactions are sharp and he is quick to come out of the box to block strikers . He is also very committed and very well disciplined . After defeating East Bengal in the 2011 AFC Cup game at home on 14 April 2011 , South China striker Mateja Kezman suggested that Yapp Hung Fai has what it takes to play in European football leagues . During the summer of 2013 , Yapp had agreed to a 4.5 year contract with Guizhou Renhe . However , his registration was denied by the Chinese Football Association on the grounds that Yapp did not qualify as a domestic player and as such , would violate the Chinese Super League stipulations which require all keepers to be domestic players . Second spell with Eastern . In June 2014 , Yapp returned to Eastern after his contract with South China expired . International career . Hong Kong U-23 . On 12 December 2009 , Hong Kong played in the football final of the 2009 East Asian Games . The game ended 1:1 after extra time . In the penalty shoot-out , Yapp Hung Fai saved from Shohei Otsuka before Japanese defender Daisuke Suzuki sent his effort wide . Hong Kong eventually won the penalty shoot out 4:2 and took the gold medal . Yapp Hung Fais performance was widely applauded in the territory and he was nicknamed 英雄輝 ( Hero Fai ) by the public . Yapp Hung Fai took part in the 2010 Asian Games for Hong Kong U23 . Hong Kong advanced to the knock-out stage for the first time in 52 years after wins over Uzbekistan and Bangladesh and a draw with United Arab Emirates . In the knock-out stage Hong Kong was defeated by Oman 0:3 with Yapp Hung Fai saving a penalty to prevent another goal . In the 2012 London Olympics Asian qualification tie against Uzbekistan , Yapp Hung Fai saved a penalty in the away game to prevent Hong Kong U23 losing 0:2 . In the end , Hong Kong lost the tie 0:3 on aggregate . On 10 August 2011 , Hong Kong Football Association announced its squad for the 2013 East Asian Games football tournament . Only Yapp Hung Fai remains from the original gold medal winning 2009 squad . Hong Kong . On 11 February 2010 , at the age of 19 , Yapp made his senior debut in a 2010 East Asian Football Championship match against Japan . In 2011 , Yapp took part in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification matches for Hong Kong against Saudi Arabia . Hong Kong lost the tie 0:8 . In the 2012 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup , the first match at Hong Kong Stadium ended 2–2 . After the second match ended as 0–0 in Huizhou Stadium , Yapp Hung-Fai saved 3 penalties in the penalty shoot-out to help Hong Kong win by 5–4 . He is once again hailed as Hong Kongs cup winning hero . On 10 September 2019 , Hong Kong faced Iran in a match of 2022 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification . Yapp got his 71st cap for the national team with FIFA A international match , making him be the most capped player of the team . Honours . Club . - South China - Hong Kong First Division : 2012–13 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2013–14 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2010–11 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2010–11 - Pegasus - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2009–10 - Eastern - Hong Kong Premier League : 2015–16 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2019–20 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2019–20 International . - Hong Kong - Long Teng Cup ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2011 - Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup ( 2 ) : 2012 , 2013 - Hong Kong U-23 - East Asian Games ( 1 ) : 2009 : Gold Individual . - East Asian Games Best Goalkeeper ( 1 ) : 2009 - Hong Kong Best Youth Player ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2013 - Hong Kong Premier League Team of the Year ( 8 ) : 2010–17 - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2016 Career statistics . Club . As of 31 May 2013 ( CLEAN SHEETS NOT UPDATED ) Player profile . Yapp has excellent speed and reflexes , making him an ideal one-on-one goalkeeper . He has a great ability of rushing out and closing down the attacker , and can react quickly to shots . He is also an excellent penalty kick saver , having saved penalties on multiple big occasions . However , Yapp is susceptible to crosses and corner kicks due to his lack of height . External links . - Yapp Hung Fai at HKFA |
[
"Hong Kong"
] | easy | Which team did the player Yapp Hung Fai belong to from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Yapp_Hung_Fai#P54#4 | Yapp Hung Fai Yapp Hung Fai ( , ; born 21 March 1990 ) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a goalkeeper for Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern . He currently keeps the record for being the most capped player of the Hong Kong national football team , with 76 caps in total . Club career . Born in a Hakka family , Yapp finished his studies at Form 5 level . He was accepted by Queens College Old Boys Association Secondary School for Form 6 but he gave it up to pursue his football dream . He had already represented Hong Kong at under-17 level . Workable . Yapp Hung Fai started his professional career at Workable when he was only 17 under coach Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming in 2007 . His salary was only HK$5,000 . During his time at Workable FC , he helped the team to an unexpected 1:0 win against South China AA in the 2007-08 Hong Kong League Cup . Eastern . After Workable FC was relegated at the end of the 2007–08 season , Yapp followed Lee Kin Wo and Chan Hiu Ming to Eastern . But the club did not achieve good results and decided to return to the Hong Kong Third Division League at the end of the season . Pegasus . Yapp Hung Fai moved to Pegasus in 2009 . After helping the club beat Citizen AA 2:1 to win the 2009-10 Hong Kong FA Cup and qualify for the 2011 AFC Cup , Yapp Hung Fai announced that he will join league champions South China AA along with teammate Lau Nim Yat . Yapp said he decided to join South China before the game and South Chinas Hong Kong location will be easier for him to attend school . He is also not worried about competing with Zhang Chunhui for the starting goalkeeper place . South China . In 2010 , Yapp Hung Fai moved to Hong Kong First Division League champions South China AA . On 29 September 2010 , during Tottenham Hotspurs chief scout Ian Broomfields visit to South China , he praised Yapp for his enormous potential . This goalkeeper is not tall , but his reactions are sharp and he is quick to come out of the box to block strikers . He is also very committed and very well disciplined . After defeating East Bengal in the 2011 AFC Cup game at home on 14 April 2011 , South China striker Mateja Kezman suggested that Yapp Hung Fai has what it takes to play in European football leagues . During the summer of 2013 , Yapp had agreed to a 4.5 year contract with Guizhou Renhe . However , his registration was denied by the Chinese Football Association on the grounds that Yapp did not qualify as a domestic player and as such , would violate the Chinese Super League stipulations which require all keepers to be domestic players . Second spell with Eastern . In June 2014 , Yapp returned to Eastern after his contract with South China expired . International career . Hong Kong U-23 . On 12 December 2009 , Hong Kong played in the football final of the 2009 East Asian Games . The game ended 1:1 after extra time . In the penalty shoot-out , Yapp Hung Fai saved from Shohei Otsuka before Japanese defender Daisuke Suzuki sent his effort wide . Hong Kong eventually won the penalty shoot out 4:2 and took the gold medal . Yapp Hung Fais performance was widely applauded in the territory and he was nicknamed 英雄輝 ( Hero Fai ) by the public . Yapp Hung Fai took part in the 2010 Asian Games for Hong Kong U23 . Hong Kong advanced to the knock-out stage for the first time in 52 years after wins over Uzbekistan and Bangladesh and a draw with United Arab Emirates . In the knock-out stage Hong Kong was defeated by Oman 0:3 with Yapp Hung Fai saving a penalty to prevent another goal . In the 2012 London Olympics Asian qualification tie against Uzbekistan , Yapp Hung Fai saved a penalty in the away game to prevent Hong Kong U23 losing 0:2 . In the end , Hong Kong lost the tie 0:3 on aggregate . On 10 August 2011 , Hong Kong Football Association announced its squad for the 2013 East Asian Games football tournament . Only Yapp Hung Fai remains from the original gold medal winning 2009 squad . Hong Kong . On 11 February 2010 , at the age of 19 , Yapp made his senior debut in a 2010 East Asian Football Championship match against Japan . In 2011 , Yapp took part in the 2014 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification matches for Hong Kong against Saudi Arabia . Hong Kong lost the tie 0:8 . In the 2012 Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup , the first match at Hong Kong Stadium ended 2–2 . After the second match ended as 0–0 in Huizhou Stadium , Yapp Hung-Fai saved 3 penalties in the penalty shoot-out to help Hong Kong win by 5–4 . He is once again hailed as Hong Kongs cup winning hero . On 10 September 2019 , Hong Kong faced Iran in a match of 2022 FIFA World Cup Asian qualification . Yapp got his 71st cap for the national team with FIFA A international match , making him be the most capped player of the team . Honours . Club . - South China - Hong Kong First Division : 2012–13 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2013–14 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2010–11 - Hong Kong League Cup : 2010–11 - Pegasus - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2009–10 - Eastern - Hong Kong Premier League : 2015–16 - Hong Kong Senior Shield : 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2019–20 - Hong Kong FA Cup : 2019–20 International . - Hong Kong - Long Teng Cup ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2011 - Guangdong-Hong Kong Cup ( 2 ) : 2012 , 2013 - Hong Kong U-23 - East Asian Games ( 1 ) : 2009 : Gold Individual . - East Asian Games Best Goalkeeper ( 1 ) : 2009 - Hong Kong Best Youth Player ( 2 ) : 2010 , 2013 - Hong Kong Premier League Team of the Year ( 8 ) : 2010–17 - Hong Kong Footballer of the Year : 2016 Career statistics . Club . As of 31 May 2013 ( CLEAN SHEETS NOT UPDATED ) Player profile . Yapp has excellent speed and reflexes , making him an ideal one-on-one goalkeeper . He has a great ability of rushing out and closing down the attacker , and can react quickly to shots . He is also an excellent penalty kick saver , having saved penalties on multiple big occasions . However , Yapp is susceptible to crosses and corner kicks due to his lack of height . External links . - Yapp Hung Fai at HKFA |
[
"Hull Citys"
] | easy | Jamie Devitt played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Jamie_Devitt#P54#0 | Jamie Devitt Jamie Martin Devitt ( born 6 July 1990 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Barrow . He has also played for Hull City , Darlington , Shrewsbury Town , Grimsby Town , Bradford City , Accrington Stanley , Rotherham United , Chesterfield , Morecambe and Blackpool . Club career . Hull City . Born in Dublin , Devitt progressed through Hull Citys youth system and was voted Young Player of the Year and Supporters Club Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season . In 2009–10 he spent time on loan at three different League Two clubs . He signed for Darlington on a months loan on 15 September 2009 . He made his debut on 19 September in a 2–0 home defeat to Bournemouth , and scored his first goal for the Quakers in the last game of his loan spell , a 2–1 win against Shrewsbury Town on 17 October . On 22 October , only days after scoring against the club , he joined Shrewsbury Town on loan . He scored on his debut on 31 October 2009 against Notts County . His form dipped and he was deemed surplus to Shrewsburys promotion battle . He returned to Hull after being recalled in January 2010 . On 17 February 2010 Devitt joined Grimsby Town on an emergency loan . He scored on his debut in a 1–1 draw against Notts County the same day . Against Grimsbys local rivals Lincoln City at Blundell Park the following Saturday , he picked up the Man of the Match award . Devitts loan at Grimsby was extended until the end of the season on 24 March , after scoring three goals in seven appearances . The 2009–10 season was finished off for him with an unwanted hat-trick as he capped three relegations in one season . His parent club Hull City dropped out of the Premier League , while both Darlington and Grimsby were also relegated from League Two . He had a happier start to the 2010–11 season as he made his competitive first-team debut for Hull City by coming on as a substitute in their first match , a 2–0 victory over Swansea on 7 August 2010 . Throughout the season , he made 16 appearance for the club . Devitt was on the substitutes bench but came on to set up a goal for Nick Barmby in a 3–2 loss against Wigan in the third round of a FA Cup . On 31 August 2011 Devitt signed with Bradford City on loan until January 2012 . He made his debut for the club in the 1–1 draw at Morecambe on 3 September 2011 . He scored in the 3–2 loss at Port Vale on 13 September 2011 and had set up a goal for Ritchie Jones . On 17 February 2012 , joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on an initial one-month loan deal . Devitt made his debut in a 4–0 loss against Plymouth Argyle . One month later , Devitt scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Southend United , and the following week he scored another in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town . On 1 November 2012 Devitt signed an initial one-month loan deal from Rotherham United . However , after only making two appearances in all competitions , he had to return to his parent club due to an injury picked up in a 1–1 draw against Fleetwood Town . On 29 December 2012 , amidst speculation Devitt would be re-joining Grimsby Town , Mariners boss Rob Scott distanced himself from the transfer by denying he has intentions to sign him despite previously being interested in the player . On 1 January 2013 Grimsby announced that they had made an enquiry about Devitt , but were waiting on the player and his agent to decide whether or not they were going to ask Hull for a pay-out if the situation was that he was not in the plans of the club . On 4 January 2013 Devitt re-joined Grimsby on loan for the rest of the 2012–13 season . In his second game back for Town he scored the equaliser in a 2–1 away win at Welling United that sent Grimsby into the quarter finals of the FA Trophy . In the quarter-final he opened the scoring with a free kick in Towns 3–0 victory over Luton Town . Town eventually made it through to the final at Wembley Stadium but were beaten by Wrexham on a penalty shootout after the game ended 1–1 ; Devitt was an unused substitute . In the league , Grimsby dropped off the pace and despite leading the Conference for majority of the season they eventually finished fourth and were defeated by Newport County in the play-offs . Devitt played 15 league matches for Grimsby , scoring two goals . On 16 May 2013 , following Hulls promotion to the Premier League , Devitt was amongst a number of players released by the club . The following day amidst speculation of a return to Grimsby on a permanent deal Mariners joint boss Rob Scott said that Devitt had not done enough in his second spell to warrant a permanent move , and that Grimsby would not be pursuing any interest in Devitt . Chesterfield . On 6 July 2013 , Devitt played on trial for Chesterfield in the clubs 3–0 pre-season victory over Buxton . After featuring two more successful pre-season trials for Chesterfield against Huddersfield Town ( in which he scored ) and Nottingham Forest , he signed a six-month deal with the club . On 22 January 2014 Devitt moved on a month-long loan to Morecambe . He made his debut in a 2–2 draw at home to Portsmouth on 25 January 2014 . In May 2014 Jamie Devitt was released by Chesterfield along with three other players . Morecambe . On 19 May 2014 Devitt signed for Morecambe on a two-year deal after a successful loan spell at the Globe Arena . Carlisle United . On 6 June 2016 Devitt signed for Carlisle United . He was offered a new contract by Carlisle at the end of the 2018–19 season . Blackpool . On 20 June 2019 , Devitt signed for Blackpool on a two-year contract , with the option of a further 12 months . In August 2019 he re-joined Bradford City on loan . His loan expired on 1 May 2020 . Devitt found himself surplus to the plans of new Blackpool head coach Neil Critchley . He was not given a squad number for the 2020–21 season and was asked to look for a new club . On 16 October 2020 , Devitt joined Newport County on loan until January 2021 . He made his debut for Newport as a second half substitute in the 2-1 League Two win against Harrogate Town on 31 October 2020 . He scored his first goal for Newport in the 3–2 League Two defeat against Carlisle United on 3 November 2020 . Devitt and Blackpool mutually terminated his contract on 19 January 2021 . Barrow . On 19 January 2021 , Devitt signed an 18-month contract with Barrow . International career . In 2011 Devitt was capped by the Republic of Ireland U21 side . Honours . - Grimsby Town - FA Trophy : Runners-up , 2012–13 - Hull City - Football League Championship :Runners-up ( promoted ) , 2012–13 - Chesterfield - Football League Two Champions : 2013–14 |
[
"Darlington , Shrewsbury Town , Grimsby Town"
] | easy | Which team did Jamie Devitt play for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Jamie_Devitt#P54#1 | Jamie Devitt Jamie Martin Devitt ( born 6 July 1990 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Barrow . He has also played for Hull City , Darlington , Shrewsbury Town , Grimsby Town , Bradford City , Accrington Stanley , Rotherham United , Chesterfield , Morecambe and Blackpool . Club career . Hull City . Born in Dublin , Devitt progressed through Hull Citys youth system and was voted Young Player of the Year and Supporters Club Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season . In 2009–10 he spent time on loan at three different League Two clubs . He signed for Darlington on a months loan on 15 September 2009 . He made his debut on 19 September in a 2–0 home defeat to Bournemouth , and scored his first goal for the Quakers in the last game of his loan spell , a 2–1 win against Shrewsbury Town on 17 October . On 22 October , only days after scoring against the club , he joined Shrewsbury Town on loan . He scored on his debut on 31 October 2009 against Notts County . His form dipped and he was deemed surplus to Shrewsburys promotion battle . He returned to Hull after being recalled in January 2010 . On 17 February 2010 Devitt joined Grimsby Town on an emergency loan . He scored on his debut in a 1–1 draw against Notts County the same day . Against Grimsbys local rivals Lincoln City at Blundell Park the following Saturday , he picked up the Man of the Match award . Devitts loan at Grimsby was extended until the end of the season on 24 March , after scoring three goals in seven appearances . The 2009–10 season was finished off for him with an unwanted hat-trick as he capped three relegations in one season . His parent club Hull City dropped out of the Premier League , while both Darlington and Grimsby were also relegated from League Two . He had a happier start to the 2010–11 season as he made his competitive first-team debut for Hull City by coming on as a substitute in their first match , a 2–0 victory over Swansea on 7 August 2010 . Throughout the season , he made 16 appearance for the club . Devitt was on the substitutes bench but came on to set up a goal for Nick Barmby in a 3–2 loss against Wigan in the third round of a FA Cup . On 31 August 2011 Devitt signed with Bradford City on loan until January 2012 . He made his debut for the club in the 1–1 draw at Morecambe on 3 September 2011 . He scored in the 3–2 loss at Port Vale on 13 September 2011 and had set up a goal for Ritchie Jones . On 17 February 2012 , joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on an initial one-month loan deal . Devitt made his debut in a 4–0 loss against Plymouth Argyle . One month later , Devitt scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Southend United , and the following week he scored another in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town . On 1 November 2012 Devitt signed an initial one-month loan deal from Rotherham United . However , after only making two appearances in all competitions , he had to return to his parent club due to an injury picked up in a 1–1 draw against Fleetwood Town . On 29 December 2012 , amidst speculation Devitt would be re-joining Grimsby Town , Mariners boss Rob Scott distanced himself from the transfer by denying he has intentions to sign him despite previously being interested in the player . On 1 January 2013 Grimsby announced that they had made an enquiry about Devitt , but were waiting on the player and his agent to decide whether or not they were going to ask Hull for a pay-out if the situation was that he was not in the plans of the club . On 4 January 2013 Devitt re-joined Grimsby on loan for the rest of the 2012–13 season . In his second game back for Town he scored the equaliser in a 2–1 away win at Welling United that sent Grimsby into the quarter finals of the FA Trophy . In the quarter-final he opened the scoring with a free kick in Towns 3–0 victory over Luton Town . Town eventually made it through to the final at Wembley Stadium but were beaten by Wrexham on a penalty shootout after the game ended 1–1 ; Devitt was an unused substitute . In the league , Grimsby dropped off the pace and despite leading the Conference for majority of the season they eventually finished fourth and were defeated by Newport County in the play-offs . Devitt played 15 league matches for Grimsby , scoring two goals . On 16 May 2013 , following Hulls promotion to the Premier League , Devitt was amongst a number of players released by the club . The following day amidst speculation of a return to Grimsby on a permanent deal Mariners joint boss Rob Scott said that Devitt had not done enough in his second spell to warrant a permanent move , and that Grimsby would not be pursuing any interest in Devitt . Chesterfield . On 6 July 2013 , Devitt played on trial for Chesterfield in the clubs 3–0 pre-season victory over Buxton . After featuring two more successful pre-season trials for Chesterfield against Huddersfield Town ( in which he scored ) and Nottingham Forest , he signed a six-month deal with the club . On 22 January 2014 Devitt moved on a month-long loan to Morecambe . He made his debut in a 2–2 draw at home to Portsmouth on 25 January 2014 . In May 2014 Jamie Devitt was released by Chesterfield along with three other players . Morecambe . On 19 May 2014 Devitt signed for Morecambe on a two-year deal after a successful loan spell at the Globe Arena . Carlisle United . On 6 June 2016 Devitt signed for Carlisle United . He was offered a new contract by Carlisle at the end of the 2018–19 season . Blackpool . On 20 June 2019 , Devitt signed for Blackpool on a two-year contract , with the option of a further 12 months . In August 2019 he re-joined Bradford City on loan . His loan expired on 1 May 2020 . Devitt found himself surplus to the plans of new Blackpool head coach Neil Critchley . He was not given a squad number for the 2020–21 season and was asked to look for a new club . On 16 October 2020 , Devitt joined Newport County on loan until January 2021 . He made his debut for Newport as a second half substitute in the 2-1 League Two win against Harrogate Town on 31 October 2020 . He scored his first goal for Newport in the 3–2 League Two defeat against Carlisle United on 3 November 2020 . Devitt and Blackpool mutually terminated his contract on 19 January 2021 . Barrow . On 19 January 2021 , Devitt signed an 18-month contract with Barrow . International career . In 2011 Devitt was capped by the Republic of Ireland U21 side . Honours . - Grimsby Town - FA Trophy : Runners-up , 2012–13 - Hull City - Football League Championship :Runners-up ( promoted ) , 2012–13 - Chesterfield - Football League Two Champions : 2013–14 |
[
"Hull City"
] | easy | Which team did Jamie Devitt play for from 2010 to 2013? | /wiki/Jamie_Devitt#P54#2 | Jamie Devitt Jamie Martin Devitt ( born 6 July 1990 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Barrow . He has also played for Hull City , Darlington , Shrewsbury Town , Grimsby Town , Bradford City , Accrington Stanley , Rotherham United , Chesterfield , Morecambe and Blackpool . Club career . Hull City . Born in Dublin , Devitt progressed through Hull Citys youth system and was voted Young Player of the Year and Supporters Club Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season . In 2009–10 he spent time on loan at three different League Two clubs . He signed for Darlington on a months loan on 15 September 2009 . He made his debut on 19 September in a 2–0 home defeat to Bournemouth , and scored his first goal for the Quakers in the last game of his loan spell , a 2–1 win against Shrewsbury Town on 17 October . On 22 October , only days after scoring against the club , he joined Shrewsbury Town on loan . He scored on his debut on 31 October 2009 against Notts County . His form dipped and he was deemed surplus to Shrewsburys promotion battle . He returned to Hull after being recalled in January 2010 . On 17 February 2010 Devitt joined Grimsby Town on an emergency loan . He scored on his debut in a 1–1 draw against Notts County the same day . Against Grimsbys local rivals Lincoln City at Blundell Park the following Saturday , he picked up the Man of the Match award . Devitts loan at Grimsby was extended until the end of the season on 24 March , after scoring three goals in seven appearances . The 2009–10 season was finished off for him with an unwanted hat-trick as he capped three relegations in one season . His parent club Hull City dropped out of the Premier League , while both Darlington and Grimsby were also relegated from League Two . He had a happier start to the 2010–11 season as he made his competitive first-team debut for Hull City by coming on as a substitute in their first match , a 2–0 victory over Swansea on 7 August 2010 . Throughout the season , he made 16 appearance for the club . Devitt was on the substitutes bench but came on to set up a goal for Nick Barmby in a 3–2 loss against Wigan in the third round of a FA Cup . On 31 August 2011 Devitt signed with Bradford City on loan until January 2012 . He made his debut for the club in the 1–1 draw at Morecambe on 3 September 2011 . He scored in the 3–2 loss at Port Vale on 13 September 2011 and had set up a goal for Ritchie Jones . On 17 February 2012 , joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on an initial one-month loan deal . Devitt made his debut in a 4–0 loss against Plymouth Argyle . One month later , Devitt scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Southend United , and the following week he scored another in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town . On 1 November 2012 Devitt signed an initial one-month loan deal from Rotherham United . However , after only making two appearances in all competitions , he had to return to his parent club due to an injury picked up in a 1–1 draw against Fleetwood Town . On 29 December 2012 , amidst speculation Devitt would be re-joining Grimsby Town , Mariners boss Rob Scott distanced himself from the transfer by denying he has intentions to sign him despite previously being interested in the player . On 1 January 2013 Grimsby announced that they had made an enquiry about Devitt , but were waiting on the player and his agent to decide whether or not they were going to ask Hull for a pay-out if the situation was that he was not in the plans of the club . On 4 January 2013 Devitt re-joined Grimsby on loan for the rest of the 2012–13 season . In his second game back for Town he scored the equaliser in a 2–1 away win at Welling United that sent Grimsby into the quarter finals of the FA Trophy . In the quarter-final he opened the scoring with a free kick in Towns 3–0 victory over Luton Town . Town eventually made it through to the final at Wembley Stadium but were beaten by Wrexham on a penalty shootout after the game ended 1–1 ; Devitt was an unused substitute . In the league , Grimsby dropped off the pace and despite leading the Conference for majority of the season they eventually finished fourth and were defeated by Newport County in the play-offs . Devitt played 15 league matches for Grimsby , scoring two goals . On 16 May 2013 , following Hulls promotion to the Premier League , Devitt was amongst a number of players released by the club . The following day amidst speculation of a return to Grimsby on a permanent deal Mariners joint boss Rob Scott said that Devitt had not done enough in his second spell to warrant a permanent move , and that Grimsby would not be pursuing any interest in Devitt . Chesterfield . On 6 July 2013 , Devitt played on trial for Chesterfield in the clubs 3–0 pre-season victory over Buxton . After featuring two more successful pre-season trials for Chesterfield against Huddersfield Town ( in which he scored ) and Nottingham Forest , he signed a six-month deal with the club . On 22 January 2014 Devitt moved on a month-long loan to Morecambe . He made his debut in a 2–2 draw at home to Portsmouth on 25 January 2014 . In May 2014 Jamie Devitt was released by Chesterfield along with three other players . Morecambe . On 19 May 2014 Devitt signed for Morecambe on a two-year deal after a successful loan spell at the Globe Arena . Carlisle United . On 6 June 2016 Devitt signed for Carlisle United . He was offered a new contract by Carlisle at the end of the 2018–19 season . Blackpool . On 20 June 2019 , Devitt signed for Blackpool on a two-year contract , with the option of a further 12 months . In August 2019 he re-joined Bradford City on loan . His loan expired on 1 May 2020 . Devitt found himself surplus to the plans of new Blackpool head coach Neil Critchley . He was not given a squad number for the 2020–21 season and was asked to look for a new club . On 16 October 2020 , Devitt joined Newport County on loan until January 2021 . He made his debut for Newport as a second half substitute in the 2-1 League Two win against Harrogate Town on 31 October 2020 . He scored his first goal for Newport in the 3–2 League Two defeat against Carlisle United on 3 November 2020 . Devitt and Blackpool mutually terminated his contract on 19 January 2021 . Barrow . On 19 January 2021 , Devitt signed an 18-month contract with Barrow . International career . In 2011 Devitt was capped by the Republic of Ireland U21 side . Honours . - Grimsby Town - FA Trophy : Runners-up , 2012–13 - Hull City - Football League Championship :Runners-up ( promoted ) , 2012–13 - Chesterfield - Football League Two Champions : 2013–14 |
[
"Chesterfield"
] | easy | Jamie Devitt played for which team from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Jamie_Devitt#P54#3 | Jamie Devitt Jamie Martin Devitt ( born 6 July 1990 ) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Barrow . He has also played for Hull City , Darlington , Shrewsbury Town , Grimsby Town , Bradford City , Accrington Stanley , Rotherham United , Chesterfield , Morecambe and Blackpool . Club career . Hull City . Born in Dublin , Devitt progressed through Hull Citys youth system and was voted Young Player of the Year and Supporters Club Player of the Year for the 2007–08 season . In 2009–10 he spent time on loan at three different League Two clubs . He signed for Darlington on a months loan on 15 September 2009 . He made his debut on 19 September in a 2–0 home defeat to Bournemouth , and scored his first goal for the Quakers in the last game of his loan spell , a 2–1 win against Shrewsbury Town on 17 October . On 22 October , only days after scoring against the club , he joined Shrewsbury Town on loan . He scored on his debut on 31 October 2009 against Notts County . His form dipped and he was deemed surplus to Shrewsburys promotion battle . He returned to Hull after being recalled in January 2010 . On 17 February 2010 Devitt joined Grimsby Town on an emergency loan . He scored on his debut in a 1–1 draw against Notts County the same day . Against Grimsbys local rivals Lincoln City at Blundell Park the following Saturday , he picked up the Man of the Match award . Devitts loan at Grimsby was extended until the end of the season on 24 March , after scoring three goals in seven appearances . The 2009–10 season was finished off for him with an unwanted hat-trick as he capped three relegations in one season . His parent club Hull City dropped out of the Premier League , while both Darlington and Grimsby were also relegated from League Two . He had a happier start to the 2010–11 season as he made his competitive first-team debut for Hull City by coming on as a substitute in their first match , a 2–0 victory over Swansea on 7 August 2010 . Throughout the season , he made 16 appearance for the club . Devitt was on the substitutes bench but came on to set up a goal for Nick Barmby in a 3–2 loss against Wigan in the third round of a FA Cup . On 31 August 2011 Devitt signed with Bradford City on loan until January 2012 . He made his debut for the club in the 1–1 draw at Morecambe on 3 September 2011 . He scored in the 3–2 loss at Port Vale on 13 September 2011 and had set up a goal for Ritchie Jones . On 17 February 2012 , joined League Two side Accrington Stanley on an initial one-month loan deal . Devitt made his debut in a 4–0 loss against Plymouth Argyle . One month later , Devitt scored his first goal in a 2–2 draw against Southend United , and the following week he scored another in a 2–1 win over Northampton Town . On 1 November 2012 Devitt signed an initial one-month loan deal from Rotherham United . However , after only making two appearances in all competitions , he had to return to his parent club due to an injury picked up in a 1–1 draw against Fleetwood Town . On 29 December 2012 , amidst speculation Devitt would be re-joining Grimsby Town , Mariners boss Rob Scott distanced himself from the transfer by denying he has intentions to sign him despite previously being interested in the player . On 1 January 2013 Grimsby announced that they had made an enquiry about Devitt , but were waiting on the player and his agent to decide whether or not they were going to ask Hull for a pay-out if the situation was that he was not in the plans of the club . On 4 January 2013 Devitt re-joined Grimsby on loan for the rest of the 2012–13 season . In his second game back for Town he scored the equaliser in a 2–1 away win at Welling United that sent Grimsby into the quarter finals of the FA Trophy . In the quarter-final he opened the scoring with a free kick in Towns 3–0 victory over Luton Town . Town eventually made it through to the final at Wembley Stadium but were beaten by Wrexham on a penalty shootout after the game ended 1–1 ; Devitt was an unused substitute . In the league , Grimsby dropped off the pace and despite leading the Conference for majority of the season they eventually finished fourth and were defeated by Newport County in the play-offs . Devitt played 15 league matches for Grimsby , scoring two goals . On 16 May 2013 , following Hulls promotion to the Premier League , Devitt was amongst a number of players released by the club . The following day amidst speculation of a return to Grimsby on a permanent deal Mariners joint boss Rob Scott said that Devitt had not done enough in his second spell to warrant a permanent move , and that Grimsby would not be pursuing any interest in Devitt . Chesterfield . On 6 July 2013 , Devitt played on trial for Chesterfield in the clubs 3–0 pre-season victory over Buxton . After featuring two more successful pre-season trials for Chesterfield against Huddersfield Town ( in which he scored ) and Nottingham Forest , he signed a six-month deal with the club . On 22 January 2014 Devitt moved on a month-long loan to Morecambe . He made his debut in a 2–2 draw at home to Portsmouth on 25 January 2014 . In May 2014 Jamie Devitt was released by Chesterfield along with three other players . Morecambe . On 19 May 2014 Devitt signed for Morecambe on a two-year deal after a successful loan spell at the Globe Arena . Carlisle United . On 6 June 2016 Devitt signed for Carlisle United . He was offered a new contract by Carlisle at the end of the 2018–19 season . Blackpool . On 20 June 2019 , Devitt signed for Blackpool on a two-year contract , with the option of a further 12 months . In August 2019 he re-joined Bradford City on loan . His loan expired on 1 May 2020 . Devitt found himself surplus to the plans of new Blackpool head coach Neil Critchley . He was not given a squad number for the 2020–21 season and was asked to look for a new club . On 16 October 2020 , Devitt joined Newport County on loan until January 2021 . He made his debut for Newport as a second half substitute in the 2-1 League Two win against Harrogate Town on 31 October 2020 . He scored his first goal for Newport in the 3–2 League Two defeat against Carlisle United on 3 November 2020 . Devitt and Blackpool mutually terminated his contract on 19 January 2021 . Barrow . On 19 January 2021 , Devitt signed an 18-month contract with Barrow . International career . In 2011 Devitt was capped by the Republic of Ireland U21 side . Honours . - Grimsby Town - FA Trophy : Runners-up , 2012–13 - Hull City - Football League Championship :Runners-up ( promoted ) , 2012–13 - Chesterfield - Football League Two Champions : 2013–14 |
[
"graduate assistant"
] | easy | What was the occupation of Charlotte Fitch Roberts from 1881 to 1882? | /wiki/Charlotte_Fitch_Roberts#P106#0 | Charlotte Fitch Roberts Charlotte Fitch Roberts ( February 13 , 1859 – December 5 , 1917 ) was an American chemist best known for her work on stereochemistry . Life . Roberts was born on February 13 , 1859 , in New York City to Horace Roberts and Mary Roberts ( née Hart ) . Education and career . Roberts attended Wellesley College in 1880 . Wellesley made her a graduate assistant in 1881 , an instructor in 1882 , and an associate professor in 1886 . In 1885 she spent a year at Cambridge University working with Sir James Dewar , a chemist and physicist . In 1896 she published The Development and Present Aspects of Stereochemistry . She obtained a PhD from Yale in 1894 and a post at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1900 . She was made a professor and the head of the chemistry department from 1896 to 1917 at Wellesley College . Awards and professional bodies . Roberts was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and a chemistry professorship at Wellesley now bears her name . |
[
"instructor"
] | easy | What was the occupation of Charlotte Fitch Roberts from 1882 to 1885? | /wiki/Charlotte_Fitch_Roberts#P106#1 | Charlotte Fitch Roberts Charlotte Fitch Roberts ( February 13 , 1859 – December 5 , 1917 ) was an American chemist best known for her work on stereochemistry . Life . Roberts was born on February 13 , 1859 , in New York City to Horace Roberts and Mary Roberts ( née Hart ) . Education and career . Roberts attended Wellesley College in 1880 . Wellesley made her a graduate assistant in 1881 , an instructor in 1882 , and an associate professor in 1886 . In 1885 she spent a year at Cambridge University working with Sir James Dewar , a chemist and physicist . In 1896 she published The Development and Present Aspects of Stereochemistry . She obtained a PhD from Yale in 1894 and a post at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1900 . She was made a professor and the head of the chemistry department from 1896 to 1917 at Wellesley College . Awards and professional bodies . Roberts was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and a chemistry professorship at Wellesley now bears her name . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the occupation of Charlotte Fitch Roberts from 1885 to 1886? | /wiki/Charlotte_Fitch_Roberts#P106#2 | Charlotte Fitch Roberts Charlotte Fitch Roberts ( February 13 , 1859 – December 5 , 1917 ) was an American chemist best known for her work on stereochemistry . Life . Roberts was born on February 13 , 1859 , in New York City to Horace Roberts and Mary Roberts ( née Hart ) . Education and career . Roberts attended Wellesley College in 1880 . Wellesley made her a graduate assistant in 1881 , an instructor in 1882 , and an associate professor in 1886 . In 1885 she spent a year at Cambridge University working with Sir James Dewar , a chemist and physicist . In 1896 she published The Development and Present Aspects of Stereochemistry . She obtained a PhD from Yale in 1894 and a post at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1900 . She was made a professor and the head of the chemistry department from 1896 to 1917 at Wellesley College . Awards and professional bodies . Roberts was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and a chemistry professorship at Wellesley now bears her name . |
[
"professor"
] | easy | What was the occupation of Charlotte Fitch Roberts from 1886 to 1896? | /wiki/Charlotte_Fitch_Roberts#P106#3 | Charlotte Fitch Roberts Charlotte Fitch Roberts ( February 13 , 1859 – December 5 , 1917 ) was an American chemist best known for her work on stereochemistry . Life . Roberts was born on February 13 , 1859 , in New York City to Horace Roberts and Mary Roberts ( née Hart ) . Education and career . Roberts attended Wellesley College in 1880 . Wellesley made her a graduate assistant in 1881 , an instructor in 1882 , and an associate professor in 1886 . In 1885 she spent a year at Cambridge University working with Sir James Dewar , a chemist and physicist . In 1896 she published The Development and Present Aspects of Stereochemistry . She obtained a PhD from Yale in 1894 and a post at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1900 . She was made a professor and the head of the chemistry department from 1896 to 1917 at Wellesley College . Awards and professional bodies . Roberts was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science , and a chemistry professorship at Wellesley now bears her name . |
[
"Mayor of Unley"
] | easy | What position did John McLeay Sr. take from 1935 to 1937? | /wiki/John_McLeay_Sr.#P39#0 | John McLeay Sr . Sir John Jack McLeay , ( 19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982 ) was an Australian politician . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966 , representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia . He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term , from 1956 to 1966 . McLeay was a businessman by profession , and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley ( 1935–1937 ) , as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly ( 1938–1941 ) , and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide ( 1946–1950 ) . Early life . McLeay was born on 23 November 1893 in Port Clinton , South Australia . He was the second of six children born to Marguaretta ( née Barton ) and George McLeay . His older brother George McLeay Jr . also entered federal politics , serving as a government minister . Their father , a farmer , died in 1908 , and their mother moved the family to Adelaide . Their horse became exhausted along the way and the older children had to walk the last on foot . McLeay attended state schools in Port Clinton and Unley until the age of fourteen , leaving school to work as an errand boy . He later studied at Muirden College , a business college in Adelaide , and worked as a commercial traveller . McLeay enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in May 1915 . He served with medical units in the Middle East and on the Western Front . While stationed in France as a stretcher-bearer with the 13th Field Ambulance , he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery on the opening day of the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux in April 1918 . He was formally discharged from the military in October 1919 . After returning to Australia , McLeay went into business with his brother George as accountants and general agents . Their firm McLeay Bros later evolved into a wholesale and retail furnishing business . He married Eileen Elden in 1921 , with whom he had two sons and a daughter . State and local politics . Elected to the Adelaide suburban Unley City Council in 1924 , McLeay served as Mayor of Unley from 1935 to 1937 , resigning to contest the state Electoral district of Unley as an independent at the 1938 election . He was one of 14 lower house MPs to be elected as an independent , which as a grouping won 40 percent of the primary vote , more than either of the major parties . At the time , there were 39 MPs in the legislature . Tom Stott was the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament . McLeay lost Unley at the 1941 election and later acknowledged that his three-year period in the House of Assembly was a waste of time , in terms of his being able to accomplish anything as an independent . Federal politics . Nevertheless McLeay did not stay out of politics for long . He was elected Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1946 , and held that office till 1949 , during which time he gained Liberal and Country League pre-selection for the federal electorate of Boothby in south-central Adelaide for that years federal election . The seat had been held by Labor incumbent Thomas Sheehy , but a redistribution notionally made the seat a marginal LCL seat . While Sheehy made an unsuccessful bid to transfer to neighbouring Kingston , McLeay won Boothby on a large swing of 9.3 percent , turning it into a safe LCL seat in one stroke . He entered the Australian House of Representatives as part of that years massive Coalition landslide . In 1956 McLeay became Speaker of the House . He remained Speaker for more than 10 years ( a record that still stands ) , until he resigned from parliament on 31 October 1966 . In 1959 , following the 1958 federal election , he was challenged unsuccessfully for the Liberals speakership nomination by Percy Joske . He was re-elected to the speakership unopposed in 1959 , 1962 , and 1964 . During his tenure there were only three dissent motions against his rulings , and he received praise from Robert Menzies , Arthur Calwell , and Gough Whitlam . Calwell said that he would have asked McLeay to stay on in the position if Labor won the 1961 election , while Whitlam described him as ideal for the post and wrote that in my experience and observation the House has not had a better Speaker . Later life . Following his retirement , McLeay served as Chairman of McLeay Brothers Ltd . and director of other companies , as well as member of the Tramways Trust Board , the State Bank of South Australia and the council of the University of Adelaide . He also served as president of the Adelaide Legacy Club , the South Australian Retail Furniture Association , the South Australian Playground Association and the South Australian Tree Planters Association . McLeay was nicknamed Marrow Jack for his prowess in vegetable-growing . Created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1962 for political and community services , McLeay had family members who carried on the tradition of political activism . His brother George and his son John Jnr both served in the federal parliament , John Jnr having inherited the electorate of Boothby from John Snr . McLeay died in Adelaide after a short illness , predeceased by his wife , Lady Eileen . A state funeral was held in his honour . |
[
"Lord Mayor of Adelaide"
] | easy | John McLeay Sr. took which position from 1946 to 1949? | /wiki/John_McLeay_Sr.#P39#1 | John McLeay Sr . Sir John Jack McLeay , ( 19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982 ) was an Australian politician . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966 , representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia . He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term , from 1956 to 1966 . McLeay was a businessman by profession , and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley ( 1935–1937 ) , as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly ( 1938–1941 ) , and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide ( 1946–1950 ) . Early life . McLeay was born on 23 November 1893 in Port Clinton , South Australia . He was the second of six children born to Marguaretta ( née Barton ) and George McLeay . His older brother George McLeay Jr . also entered federal politics , serving as a government minister . Their father , a farmer , died in 1908 , and their mother moved the family to Adelaide . Their horse became exhausted along the way and the older children had to walk the last on foot . McLeay attended state schools in Port Clinton and Unley until the age of fourteen , leaving school to work as an errand boy . He later studied at Muirden College , a business college in Adelaide , and worked as a commercial traveller . McLeay enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in May 1915 . He served with medical units in the Middle East and on the Western Front . While stationed in France as a stretcher-bearer with the 13th Field Ambulance , he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery on the opening day of the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux in April 1918 . He was formally discharged from the military in October 1919 . After returning to Australia , McLeay went into business with his brother George as accountants and general agents . Their firm McLeay Bros later evolved into a wholesale and retail furnishing business . He married Eileen Elden in 1921 , with whom he had two sons and a daughter . State and local politics . Elected to the Adelaide suburban Unley City Council in 1924 , McLeay served as Mayor of Unley from 1935 to 1937 , resigning to contest the state Electoral district of Unley as an independent at the 1938 election . He was one of 14 lower house MPs to be elected as an independent , which as a grouping won 40 percent of the primary vote , more than either of the major parties . At the time , there were 39 MPs in the legislature . Tom Stott was the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament . McLeay lost Unley at the 1941 election and later acknowledged that his three-year period in the House of Assembly was a waste of time , in terms of his being able to accomplish anything as an independent . Federal politics . Nevertheless McLeay did not stay out of politics for long . He was elected Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1946 , and held that office till 1949 , during which time he gained Liberal and Country League pre-selection for the federal electorate of Boothby in south-central Adelaide for that years federal election . The seat had been held by Labor incumbent Thomas Sheehy , but a redistribution notionally made the seat a marginal LCL seat . While Sheehy made an unsuccessful bid to transfer to neighbouring Kingston , McLeay won Boothby on a large swing of 9.3 percent , turning it into a safe LCL seat in one stroke . He entered the Australian House of Representatives as part of that years massive Coalition landslide . In 1956 McLeay became Speaker of the House . He remained Speaker for more than 10 years ( a record that still stands ) , until he resigned from parliament on 31 October 1966 . In 1959 , following the 1958 federal election , he was challenged unsuccessfully for the Liberals speakership nomination by Percy Joske . He was re-elected to the speakership unopposed in 1959 , 1962 , and 1964 . During his tenure there were only three dissent motions against his rulings , and he received praise from Robert Menzies , Arthur Calwell , and Gough Whitlam . Calwell said that he would have asked McLeay to stay on in the position if Labor won the 1961 election , while Whitlam described him as ideal for the post and wrote that in my experience and observation the House has not had a better Speaker . Later life . Following his retirement , McLeay served as Chairman of McLeay Brothers Ltd . and director of other companies , as well as member of the Tramways Trust Board , the State Bank of South Australia and the council of the University of Adelaide . He also served as president of the Adelaide Legacy Club , the South Australian Retail Furniture Association , the South Australian Playground Association and the South Australian Tree Planters Association . McLeay was nicknamed Marrow Jack for his prowess in vegetable-growing . Created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1962 for political and community services , McLeay had family members who carried on the tradition of political activism . His brother George and his son John Jnr both served in the federal parliament , John Jnr having inherited the electorate of Boothby from John Snr . McLeay died in Adelaide after a short illness , predeceased by his wife , Lady Eileen . A state funeral was held in his honour . |
[
""
] | easy | What position did John McLeay Sr. take from 1949 to 1950? | /wiki/John_McLeay_Sr.#P39#2 | John McLeay Sr . Sir John Jack McLeay , ( 19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982 ) was an Australian politician . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966 , representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia . He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term , from 1956 to 1966 . McLeay was a businessman by profession , and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley ( 1935–1937 ) , as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly ( 1938–1941 ) , and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide ( 1946–1950 ) . Early life . McLeay was born on 23 November 1893 in Port Clinton , South Australia . He was the second of six children born to Marguaretta ( née Barton ) and George McLeay . His older brother George McLeay Jr . also entered federal politics , serving as a government minister . Their father , a farmer , died in 1908 , and their mother moved the family to Adelaide . Their horse became exhausted along the way and the older children had to walk the last on foot . McLeay attended state schools in Port Clinton and Unley until the age of fourteen , leaving school to work as an errand boy . He later studied at Muirden College , a business college in Adelaide , and worked as a commercial traveller . McLeay enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in May 1915 . He served with medical units in the Middle East and on the Western Front . While stationed in France as a stretcher-bearer with the 13th Field Ambulance , he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery on the opening day of the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux in April 1918 . He was formally discharged from the military in October 1919 . After returning to Australia , McLeay went into business with his brother George as accountants and general agents . Their firm McLeay Bros later evolved into a wholesale and retail furnishing business . He married Eileen Elden in 1921 , with whom he had two sons and a daughter . State and local politics . Elected to the Adelaide suburban Unley City Council in 1924 , McLeay served as Mayor of Unley from 1935 to 1937 , resigning to contest the state Electoral district of Unley as an independent at the 1938 election . He was one of 14 lower house MPs to be elected as an independent , which as a grouping won 40 percent of the primary vote , more than either of the major parties . At the time , there were 39 MPs in the legislature . Tom Stott was the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament . McLeay lost Unley at the 1941 election and later acknowledged that his three-year period in the House of Assembly was a waste of time , in terms of his being able to accomplish anything as an independent . Federal politics . Nevertheless McLeay did not stay out of politics for long . He was elected Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1946 , and held that office till 1949 , during which time he gained Liberal and Country League pre-selection for the federal electorate of Boothby in south-central Adelaide for that years federal election . The seat had been held by Labor incumbent Thomas Sheehy , but a redistribution notionally made the seat a marginal LCL seat . While Sheehy made an unsuccessful bid to transfer to neighbouring Kingston , McLeay won Boothby on a large swing of 9.3 percent , turning it into a safe LCL seat in one stroke . He entered the Australian House of Representatives as part of that years massive Coalition landslide . In 1956 McLeay became Speaker of the House . He remained Speaker for more than 10 years ( a record that still stands ) , until he resigned from parliament on 31 October 1966 . In 1959 , following the 1958 federal election , he was challenged unsuccessfully for the Liberals speakership nomination by Percy Joske . He was re-elected to the speakership unopposed in 1959 , 1962 , and 1964 . During his tenure there were only three dissent motions against his rulings , and he received praise from Robert Menzies , Arthur Calwell , and Gough Whitlam . Calwell said that he would have asked McLeay to stay on in the position if Labor won the 1961 election , while Whitlam described him as ideal for the post and wrote that in my experience and observation the House has not had a better Speaker . Later life . Following his retirement , McLeay served as Chairman of McLeay Brothers Ltd . and director of other companies , as well as member of the Tramways Trust Board , the State Bank of South Australia and the council of the University of Adelaide . He also served as president of the Adelaide Legacy Club , the South Australian Retail Furniture Association , the South Australian Playground Association and the South Australian Tree Planters Association . McLeay was nicknamed Marrow Jack for his prowess in vegetable-growing . Created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1962 for political and community services , McLeay had family members who carried on the tradition of political activism . His brother George and his son John Jnr both served in the federal parliament , John Jnr having inherited the electorate of Boothby from John Snr . McLeay died in Adelaide after a short illness , predeceased by his wife , Lady Eileen . A state funeral was held in his honour . |
[
"Speaker of the House of Representatives"
] | easy | What position did John McLeay Sr. take from Aug 1956 to Oct 1966? | /wiki/John_McLeay_Sr.#P39#3 | John McLeay Sr . Sir John Jack McLeay , ( 19 November 1893 – 22 June 1982 ) was an Australian politician . He was a member of the Liberal Party and served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1966 , representing the Division of Boothby in South Australia . He was Speaker of the House of Representatives for a record 10-year term , from 1956 to 1966 . McLeay was a businessman by profession , and before entering federal politics served as Mayor of Unley ( 1935–1937 ) , as a member of the South Australian House of Assembly ( 1938–1941 ) , and as Lord Mayor of Adelaide ( 1946–1950 ) . Early life . McLeay was born on 23 November 1893 in Port Clinton , South Australia . He was the second of six children born to Marguaretta ( née Barton ) and George McLeay . His older brother George McLeay Jr . also entered federal politics , serving as a government minister . Their father , a farmer , died in 1908 , and their mother moved the family to Adelaide . Their horse became exhausted along the way and the older children had to walk the last on foot . McLeay attended state schools in Port Clinton and Unley until the age of fourteen , leaving school to work as an errand boy . He later studied at Muirden College , a business college in Adelaide , and worked as a commercial traveller . McLeay enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force ( AIF ) in May 1915 . He served with medical units in the Middle East and on the Western Front . While stationed in France as a stretcher-bearer with the 13th Field Ambulance , he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery on the opening day of the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux in April 1918 . He was formally discharged from the military in October 1919 . After returning to Australia , McLeay went into business with his brother George as accountants and general agents . Their firm McLeay Bros later evolved into a wholesale and retail furnishing business . He married Eileen Elden in 1921 , with whom he had two sons and a daughter . State and local politics . Elected to the Adelaide suburban Unley City Council in 1924 , McLeay served as Mayor of Unley from 1935 to 1937 , resigning to contest the state Electoral district of Unley as an independent at the 1938 election . He was one of 14 lower house MPs to be elected as an independent , which as a grouping won 40 percent of the primary vote , more than either of the major parties . At the time , there were 39 MPs in the legislature . Tom Stott was the de facto leader of the independent caucus within parliament . McLeay lost Unley at the 1941 election and later acknowledged that his three-year period in the House of Assembly was a waste of time , in terms of his being able to accomplish anything as an independent . Federal politics . Nevertheless McLeay did not stay out of politics for long . He was elected Lord Mayor of Adelaide in 1946 , and held that office till 1949 , during which time he gained Liberal and Country League pre-selection for the federal electorate of Boothby in south-central Adelaide for that years federal election . The seat had been held by Labor incumbent Thomas Sheehy , but a redistribution notionally made the seat a marginal LCL seat . While Sheehy made an unsuccessful bid to transfer to neighbouring Kingston , McLeay won Boothby on a large swing of 9.3 percent , turning it into a safe LCL seat in one stroke . He entered the Australian House of Representatives as part of that years massive Coalition landslide . In 1956 McLeay became Speaker of the House . He remained Speaker for more than 10 years ( a record that still stands ) , until he resigned from parliament on 31 October 1966 . In 1959 , following the 1958 federal election , he was challenged unsuccessfully for the Liberals speakership nomination by Percy Joske . He was re-elected to the speakership unopposed in 1959 , 1962 , and 1964 . During his tenure there were only three dissent motions against his rulings , and he received praise from Robert Menzies , Arthur Calwell , and Gough Whitlam . Calwell said that he would have asked McLeay to stay on in the position if Labor won the 1961 election , while Whitlam described him as ideal for the post and wrote that in my experience and observation the House has not had a better Speaker . Later life . Following his retirement , McLeay served as Chairman of McLeay Brothers Ltd . and director of other companies , as well as member of the Tramways Trust Board , the State Bank of South Australia and the council of the University of Adelaide . He also served as president of the Adelaide Legacy Club , the South Australian Retail Furniture Association , the South Australian Playground Association and the South Australian Tree Planters Association . McLeay was nicknamed Marrow Jack for his prowess in vegetable-growing . Created a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1962 for political and community services , McLeay had family members who carried on the tradition of political activism . His brother George and his son John Jnr both served in the federal parliament , John Jnr having inherited the electorate of Boothby from John Snr . McLeay died in Adelaide after a short illness , predeceased by his wife , Lady Eileen . A state funeral was held in his honour . |
[
"British Minister to Persia"
] | easy | What position did Cecil Spring Rice take from 1906 to 1908? | /wiki/Cecil_Spring_Rice#P39#0 | Cecil Spring Rice Sir Cecil Arthur Spring Rice , ( 27 February 1859 – 14 February 1918 ) was a British diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1912 to 1918 , as which he was responsible for the organisation of British efforts to end American neutrality during the First World War . He was also a close friend of US President Theodore Roosevelt , and served as best man at his second wedding . He is best known as the writer of the lyrics of the patriotic hymn , I Vow to Thee , My Country . Early life and family . Spring Rice was born into an aristocratic and influential Anglo-Irish family . He was the son of a diplomat , The Hon . Charles William Thomas Spring Rice , who was the second son of the prominent Whig politician and former cabinet minister The 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon . Spring Rices maternal grandfather was the politician William Marshall , and he was a cousin of Frederick Spring . He was the great-grandson of The 1st Earl of Limerick , John Marshall , and George Hibbert . Spring Rices father died when he was eleven , and he was raised at his mothers familys house at Watermillock on the shore of Ullswater . During his childhood , he was often ill , and he later suffered from Graves disease , despite maintaining an active lifestyle . He was educated at Eton and at Balliol College , Oxford , at both of which he was a contemporary and close friend of George Nathaniel Curzon , and at the latter of which he studied under the direction of Benjamin Jowett . Spring Rice rowed for Balliol , and achieved a double first in Classical Moderations ( 1879 ) and Literae Humaniores ( 1881 ) . At Oxford , he was also a contemporary and close friend of John Strachey and Edward Grey . However , Spring Rice contributed , alongside John William Mackail , to the composition of a famous sardonic doggerel about Curzon that was published in The Balliol Masque , and , when British Ambassador to the United States , he was suspected by Curzon of trying to prevent Curzons engagement to the American Mary Leiter , whom Curzon nevertheless married . However , Spring Rice assumed for a certainty , like many of Curzons other friends , that Curzon would inevitably become Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs : he wrote to Curzon in 1891 , When you are Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs I hope you will restore the vanished glory of England , lead the European concert , decide the fate of nations , and give me three months leave instead of two . After completing university , Spring Rice travelled in Europe , where he improved his French , at the time the language of diplomacy . Uncertain about which career to pursue , he took an examination for the Foreign Office and was accepted . Although brought up as an Englishman , Spring Rice maintained a close affinity with Ireland , and he later wrote a poem about his dual Rice ( Irish ) and Spring ( English ) roots . Spring Rice had four sisters and four brothers , two of whom predeceased him . Stephen Spring Rice died in 1902 and Gerald Spring Rice was killed while serving as an officer on the Western Front in 1916 . Marriage and issue . In 1904 , Spring Rice married Florence Caroline Lascelles , the daughter of Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles and a cousin of the Duke of Devonshire . He had two children with Florence : - Mary Elizabeth Spring Rice ( 1906–1994 ) , married Sir Oswald Raynor Arthur in 1935 . - Anthony Theodore Brandon Spring Rice ( 1908–1954 ) , died unmarried . Career . Early diplomatic career . Spring Rice began his career as a clerk in the Foreign Office in 1882 . In 1886 , he was appointed Assistant Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary , the Liberal politician Lord Rosebery . Spring Rice was known to be a supporter of the Liberal Party and was sympathetic to the Irish Home Rule movement so he was relieved of his post when the Conservatives came to power later that year . Spring Rice subsequently made the unusual move to the diplomatic service , where he remained for the rest of his life , starting with his first posting to the British legation in Washington , D.C . in 1887 . In 1892 he was posted to Japan , and undertook a tour of Korea with Curzon later that year . While in Japan Spring Rice was instrumental in laying the foundations of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance , which he identified as vital to British interests if Russian expansionism in the region was to be challenged . He left Japan in October 1893 and was posted again to Washington until October 1895 , when he was posted to the British embassy in Berlin . During his time in Germany he fell in love with his future wife , Florence Lascelles , the daughter of the then British ambassador . He left Berlin in July 1898 , and after spending several months with his family on Ullswater was posted to Constantinople . In May 1899 he was given his first posting to Persia as Secretary of Legation , and he became the British chargé daffaires in Tehran in March 1900 , when the Minister , Sir Mortimer Durand , left for London due to his wifes health . In 1901 Spring Rice was appointed Commissioner of Public Debt in Cairo , where he remained for two years . In November 1901 , he had been promoted to the rank of Secretary of Embassy . He was made Chargé dAffaires in St . Petersburg in 1903 , and in June of that year began to warn the British government that war between Russia and Japan was becoming increasingly likely . He was still serving in Russia when the Russo-Japanese War began in January 1904 , and he corresponded at length with his close friend and confidant President Roosevelt about the United States mediation in the conflict and the subsequent Treaty of Portsmouth . In January 1905 Lord Lansdowne appointed Spring Rice as the Foreign Offices special representative to the US president . Spring Rice was carrying out the duties of the British ambassador to Russia , who was unwell , during the 1905 Russian Revolution and was involved in the early negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907 . In September 1906 Spring Rice undertook his first ambassadorial role when he was made British Minister to Persia , before becoming Ambassador to Sweden in 1908 . Ambassador to Sweden . Upon being appointed ambassador , Spring Rice was instructed by Edward VII to help improve relations between Sweden and Norway following the dissolution of the Union between the two countries in 1905 . The primary concern of the British government , however , was the increasingly friendly relations between Sweden and Germany , and the growing diplomatic , cultural and economic influence of Germany in Scandinavia . In a letter to Lord Cranley in May 1909 , Spring Rice stated I suppose you realise that Sweden is in effect a province of Prussia [ Germany ] , not in will but in necessity . He went on to say that in case of war I think we should regard Sweden as German in effect... . Spring Rice became irritated by what he saw as Swedens deference to Wilhelm II , and his embassy was involved in an intensifying rivalry between Germany and Britain for control of Swedens important iron and timber resources . Nonetheless , relations between Sweden and London remained amicable . In November 1912 , after four years in Sweden , it was announced that Spring Rices next diplomatic posting was to be as ambassador to the United States . Ambassador to the United States . Spring Rice had long held the ambition of being appointed ambassador to the United States . In his biography of Spring Rice , Stephen Gwynn stated that Spring Rices main concern , throughout his diplomatic career , was to improve relations between the two great English-speaking powers . Within the diplomatic service Spring Rice had unique entrée into Washingtons corridors of power , and his work alongside President Roosevelt in 1905 led the British government to regard him as a natural choice for ambassador by 1912 . The diplomat Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol observed that Spring Rices whole career seems to have been a preparation for the final struggle in Washington . Within two years of Spring Rices posting to Washington DC , the First World War had broken out in Europe , and his principal task became that of ending American neutrality . The United States was the largest potential supplier of munitions , arms and food to the United Kingdom and its allies , as well as a potential ally in the war . However , in 1914 public opinion in America favoured neutrality , and Spring Rice had to grapple with the strong anti-British and non-interventionist elements in American politics at the time . Spring Rice also had the complex task of justifying British policies that violated Americas rights as a neutral state , such as the monitoring of mail and telegrams and the seizure of contraband at sea . Furthermore , German diplomats under Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff were active in attempting to influence American political opinion against the Allies . Of particular concern to Spring Rice was liaison between German and Irish groups in America , and his embassy was closely involved in gathering intelligence regarding the actions of anti-British spies and informants . He successfully engaged with his many Atlanticist American friends , including Theodore Roosevelt , Henry Stimson and Joseph Hodges Choate , who applied pressure on Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality . In January 1915 Arthur Balfour , the former prime minister , was sent on a mission to convince the United States Congress of Britains friendship . In a series of meetings , Spring Rice and Consul-General , Sir Courtenay Bennett , were marginalised by the delegations representatives . Spring Rice and Bennett agreed to support the subsequent Commercial Agreement on the condition that Spring Rices friend , J . P . Morgan Jr. , was appointed as the sole purchasing agent . Spring Rice was able to keep the feeble commission alive , but voiced his concerns that British finances in the United States were reaching a critical point as chaotic credit arrangements by-passed the body set up by parliament to effectuate co-ordination . Spring Rice sent daily wires to London warning that Gold runs would seriously undermine British bank facility , but these were largely ignored . Spring Rice had served as best man at J . P . Morgans wedding and his influence over the commission was too great for him to be seen as impartial . As the war went on , Spring Rices embassy increasingly assumed an advisory role to the many British special delegations which were sent to secure the support of the US government . Spring Rice complained about the limited part he was able to play in the 1915 Anglo-French Financial Commission led by Lord Reading . Spring Rice was also concerned by the large number of private brokers and agents , both with and without official authority , who were operating in the United States on behalf of the government and British businesses . As a result , Spring Rice had to request for the War Office to provide him with an official list of accredited agents , which was reluctantly compiled in late 1914 . By 1916 , the British government was becoming increasingly worried about the Ghadar Party , a US-based political movement which was agitating for rebellion against British rule in India . The American authorities had been reluctant to check the Indian seditionist movement earlier in the war , and fear about the potential political fallout had prevented Spring Rice from pressing the matter diplomatically . However , in February 1916 Spring Rice was ordered to raise the issue with the new US Secretary of State , Robert Lansing . The subsequent Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial uncovered plans to incite an armed revolt in India with German support . In 1916 , Spring Rice constantly sought a reprieve for Roger Casement , citing the danger of protests from Irish Americans , but he also advised political and religious leaders of Casements perversion and the existence of the Black Diaries . In January 1917 he signed the agreement of the third US War Loan to Britain on behalf of his government . Spring Rices efforts to end US neutrality eventually met with success when the USA entered the conflict on the side of the Allies in 1917 . In mid-January 1918 , following a disagreement with Lord Northcliffe , the head of the British war mission to America , he was abruptly recalled to London in a one-line telegram . Spring Rice immediately travelled to Canada to begin his journey back to Britain . In Canada , Spring Rice was the guest of his wifes cousin , the Duke of Devonshire , who was at the time serving as Governor General of Canada . Although only 58 and in reasonably good health , Spring Rice unexpectedly died at the viceregal seat , Rideau Hall in Ottawa , a mere three weeks after leaving his post . It is believed that his underlying health condition ( Graves disease ) had been exacerbated by exhaustion and stress . It was suggested by his family and close friends that Spring Rice had died of a broken heart following his removal from office , with Henry Cabot Lodge commenting that the sudden cessation of his work and responsibilities in which his heart was bound up caused him the loss of the will to live . He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa . Spring Rice was replaced as ambassador by Lord Reading , who was a direct representative of Britains war cabinet and had been afforded additional negotiating powers , thus combining the roles previously held by Northcliffe and Spring Rice . Assessment of work . In The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt , Edmund Morris described Spring Rice as a born diplomat [ who ] invariably picked out and cultivated the most important person in any place . He was well respected in Londons diplomatic circles , and had a wide network of influential friends in the United States and Britain . The diplomat Sir Malcolm Robertson described Spring Rice as one of the two or three really brilliant ambassadors whom I have met in thirty years of diplomatic life . However , Spring Rices success in turning the earlier close links to the US administration to a relationship of use to his government is debatable . By the end of his appointment , Spring Rice had earned the enmity of his government after becoming paranoid about the threat posed by German spies , and also because of his immense dislike of the many British delegations to Washington that were not under the control of his embassy . Furthermore , Spring Rices personal connections to many notable Republican politicians was well known , so some members of the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson were dubious about trusting him . He was damaged by his association with Roosevelt following the former Presidents attacks on Wilson for his policy of neutrality and for a lack of military preparedness . Spring Rice found William Jennings Bryan , the Secretary of State , hard to take seriously and disliked having to deal with Edward M . House , Wilsons confidential adviser , who held no official post in the US government . Even so , after his death the British government publicly recognised Spring Rices extraordinary contribution to the war effort . His untiring attempts to get the United States to join the Allies were evident as well as his success in frustrating the work of the German ambassador , von Bernstorff . In a speech in the House of Commons in 1919 , Lord Robert Cecil said : Writings and friendships . Spring Rice was a poet throughout his adult life . In 1918 , he rewrote the words of his most notable poem , Urbs Dei ( The City of God ) or The Two Fatherlands , to become the text for the hymn I Vow to Thee My Country . The hymn was first performed in 1925 , after Spring Rices death and has since become a widely recognised British anthem . His poetry was published in the 1922 edition of Poems of Today , and has since been published in several other poetry collections . He became acquainted with Theodore Roosevelt on a trans-Atlantic crossing from New York in 1886 , and the two men quickly became close friends and confidants . He has been described as one of President Theodore Roosevelts most ardent and loyal admirers and acted as Roosevelts best man in Roosevelts wedding to Edith Carow . Roosevelt became the godfather of Spring Rices son in 1908 . Spring Rice memorably remarked about Roosevelt : You must always remember that the president is about six . The two men continued to write to each other until Spring Rices death , and their close relationship undoubtedly added to the latters diplomatic clout in the US . He was a close friend of Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol , a British journalist and later diplomat , and Ronald Munro Ferguson , 1st Viscount Novar , with whom he corresponded for many years . One of his closest political friends was the Irish nationalist , John Dillon ; his unwavering sense of duty attempted to overcome his sisters very public espousal of nationalist causes and friendships within the hierarchy of Sinn Féin . The personal moral overtones and private contradictions failed to dent an overwhelming sense of obligation to the British Empire . However it may have informed his uneasy relationship with the Balfour Mission . A fluent speaker of Persian ( as well as German and French ) , Spring Rice was responsible for translating numerous Persian poems into English . Spring Rices letters and poems were collected together by his daughter , Lady Arthur , and many are now held by The National Archives . Further papers , relating to his diplomatic postings , and diaries of his travels in Japan , are held by the Churchill Archives Centre . Honours and legacy . Spring Rice was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1906 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1908 . In 1906 he was made a Grand Cordon of Order of the Medjidie . In 1912 he was made a Commander ( 1st Class ) of the Order of the Polar Star and he was made a member of the Privy Council in 1913 . Spring Rice was going to be offered a peerage upon his return to the United Kingdom , but died before the honour could be proposed . In his will he left money to Balliol College to found the Cecil Spring Rice Memorial Fund which funds the learning of languages by students who intend to join the diplomatic service . Before his death , Spring Rice gave substantial funds for repairs to be carried out on St Peter and St Pauls Church , Lavenham , the ancestral church of the Spring family . Commemorations . Shortly after his death , Spring Rices family , friends and colleagues erected a bridge to his memory over the waterfall at Aira Force , near his childhood home on Ullswater . All Saints Church , Watermillock contains a stone memorial tablet to Spring Rice . In July 2013 a memorial was unveiled by Cecil Spring Rices granddaughter , Caroline Kenny , at Spring Rices graveside in Ottawa . The grave was cleaned up and a memorial plaque and ceremony was organised by the then British Consul , Ashley Prime , working in Toronto with support from the Freeman of the City of London ( North America ) . Mount Spring-Rice in British Columbia was named after Spring Rice in 1918 by surveyor Arthur Wheeler . |
[
"Ambassador to Sweden"
] | easy | Which position did Cecil Spring Rice hold from 1908 to 1913? | /wiki/Cecil_Spring_Rice#P39#1 | Cecil Spring Rice Sir Cecil Arthur Spring Rice , ( 27 February 1859 – 14 February 1918 ) was a British diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1912 to 1918 , as which he was responsible for the organisation of British efforts to end American neutrality during the First World War . He was also a close friend of US President Theodore Roosevelt , and served as best man at his second wedding . He is best known as the writer of the lyrics of the patriotic hymn , I Vow to Thee , My Country . Early life and family . Spring Rice was born into an aristocratic and influential Anglo-Irish family . He was the son of a diplomat , The Hon . Charles William Thomas Spring Rice , who was the second son of the prominent Whig politician and former cabinet minister The 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon . Spring Rices maternal grandfather was the politician William Marshall , and he was a cousin of Frederick Spring . He was the great-grandson of The 1st Earl of Limerick , John Marshall , and George Hibbert . Spring Rices father died when he was eleven , and he was raised at his mothers familys house at Watermillock on the shore of Ullswater . During his childhood , he was often ill , and he later suffered from Graves disease , despite maintaining an active lifestyle . He was educated at Eton and at Balliol College , Oxford , at both of which he was a contemporary and close friend of George Nathaniel Curzon , and at the latter of which he studied under the direction of Benjamin Jowett . Spring Rice rowed for Balliol , and achieved a double first in Classical Moderations ( 1879 ) and Literae Humaniores ( 1881 ) . At Oxford , he was also a contemporary and close friend of John Strachey and Edward Grey . However , Spring Rice contributed , alongside John William Mackail , to the composition of a famous sardonic doggerel about Curzon that was published in The Balliol Masque , and , when British Ambassador to the United States , he was suspected by Curzon of trying to prevent Curzons engagement to the American Mary Leiter , whom Curzon nevertheless married . However , Spring Rice assumed for a certainty , like many of Curzons other friends , that Curzon would inevitably become Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs : he wrote to Curzon in 1891 , When you are Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs I hope you will restore the vanished glory of England , lead the European concert , decide the fate of nations , and give me three months leave instead of two . After completing university , Spring Rice travelled in Europe , where he improved his French , at the time the language of diplomacy . Uncertain about which career to pursue , he took an examination for the Foreign Office and was accepted . Although brought up as an Englishman , Spring Rice maintained a close affinity with Ireland , and he later wrote a poem about his dual Rice ( Irish ) and Spring ( English ) roots . Spring Rice had four sisters and four brothers , two of whom predeceased him . Stephen Spring Rice died in 1902 and Gerald Spring Rice was killed while serving as an officer on the Western Front in 1916 . Marriage and issue . In 1904 , Spring Rice married Florence Caroline Lascelles , the daughter of Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles and a cousin of the Duke of Devonshire . He had two children with Florence : - Mary Elizabeth Spring Rice ( 1906–1994 ) , married Sir Oswald Raynor Arthur in 1935 . - Anthony Theodore Brandon Spring Rice ( 1908–1954 ) , died unmarried . Career . Early diplomatic career . Spring Rice began his career as a clerk in the Foreign Office in 1882 . In 1886 , he was appointed Assistant Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary , the Liberal politician Lord Rosebery . Spring Rice was known to be a supporter of the Liberal Party and was sympathetic to the Irish Home Rule movement so he was relieved of his post when the Conservatives came to power later that year . Spring Rice subsequently made the unusual move to the diplomatic service , where he remained for the rest of his life , starting with his first posting to the British legation in Washington , D.C . in 1887 . In 1892 he was posted to Japan , and undertook a tour of Korea with Curzon later that year . While in Japan Spring Rice was instrumental in laying the foundations of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance , which he identified as vital to British interests if Russian expansionism in the region was to be challenged . He left Japan in October 1893 and was posted again to Washington until October 1895 , when he was posted to the British embassy in Berlin . During his time in Germany he fell in love with his future wife , Florence Lascelles , the daughter of the then British ambassador . He left Berlin in July 1898 , and after spending several months with his family on Ullswater was posted to Constantinople . In May 1899 he was given his first posting to Persia as Secretary of Legation , and he became the British chargé daffaires in Tehran in March 1900 , when the Minister , Sir Mortimer Durand , left for London due to his wifes health . In 1901 Spring Rice was appointed Commissioner of Public Debt in Cairo , where he remained for two years . In November 1901 , he had been promoted to the rank of Secretary of Embassy . He was made Chargé dAffaires in St . Petersburg in 1903 , and in June of that year began to warn the British government that war between Russia and Japan was becoming increasingly likely . He was still serving in Russia when the Russo-Japanese War began in January 1904 , and he corresponded at length with his close friend and confidant President Roosevelt about the United States mediation in the conflict and the subsequent Treaty of Portsmouth . In January 1905 Lord Lansdowne appointed Spring Rice as the Foreign Offices special representative to the US president . Spring Rice was carrying out the duties of the British ambassador to Russia , who was unwell , during the 1905 Russian Revolution and was involved in the early negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907 . In September 1906 Spring Rice undertook his first ambassadorial role when he was made British Minister to Persia , before becoming Ambassador to Sweden in 1908 . Ambassador to Sweden . Upon being appointed ambassador , Spring Rice was instructed by Edward VII to help improve relations between Sweden and Norway following the dissolution of the Union between the two countries in 1905 . The primary concern of the British government , however , was the increasingly friendly relations between Sweden and Germany , and the growing diplomatic , cultural and economic influence of Germany in Scandinavia . In a letter to Lord Cranley in May 1909 , Spring Rice stated I suppose you realise that Sweden is in effect a province of Prussia [ Germany ] , not in will but in necessity . He went on to say that in case of war I think we should regard Sweden as German in effect... . Spring Rice became irritated by what he saw as Swedens deference to Wilhelm II , and his embassy was involved in an intensifying rivalry between Germany and Britain for control of Swedens important iron and timber resources . Nonetheless , relations between Sweden and London remained amicable . In November 1912 , after four years in Sweden , it was announced that Spring Rices next diplomatic posting was to be as ambassador to the United States . Ambassador to the United States . Spring Rice had long held the ambition of being appointed ambassador to the United States . In his biography of Spring Rice , Stephen Gwynn stated that Spring Rices main concern , throughout his diplomatic career , was to improve relations between the two great English-speaking powers . Within the diplomatic service Spring Rice had unique entrée into Washingtons corridors of power , and his work alongside President Roosevelt in 1905 led the British government to regard him as a natural choice for ambassador by 1912 . The diplomat Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol observed that Spring Rices whole career seems to have been a preparation for the final struggle in Washington . Within two years of Spring Rices posting to Washington DC , the First World War had broken out in Europe , and his principal task became that of ending American neutrality . The United States was the largest potential supplier of munitions , arms and food to the United Kingdom and its allies , as well as a potential ally in the war . However , in 1914 public opinion in America favoured neutrality , and Spring Rice had to grapple with the strong anti-British and non-interventionist elements in American politics at the time . Spring Rice also had the complex task of justifying British policies that violated Americas rights as a neutral state , such as the monitoring of mail and telegrams and the seizure of contraband at sea . Furthermore , German diplomats under Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff were active in attempting to influence American political opinion against the Allies . Of particular concern to Spring Rice was liaison between German and Irish groups in America , and his embassy was closely involved in gathering intelligence regarding the actions of anti-British spies and informants . He successfully engaged with his many Atlanticist American friends , including Theodore Roosevelt , Henry Stimson and Joseph Hodges Choate , who applied pressure on Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality . In January 1915 Arthur Balfour , the former prime minister , was sent on a mission to convince the United States Congress of Britains friendship . In a series of meetings , Spring Rice and Consul-General , Sir Courtenay Bennett , were marginalised by the delegations representatives . Spring Rice and Bennett agreed to support the subsequent Commercial Agreement on the condition that Spring Rices friend , J . P . Morgan Jr. , was appointed as the sole purchasing agent . Spring Rice was able to keep the feeble commission alive , but voiced his concerns that British finances in the United States were reaching a critical point as chaotic credit arrangements by-passed the body set up by parliament to effectuate co-ordination . Spring Rice sent daily wires to London warning that Gold runs would seriously undermine British bank facility , but these were largely ignored . Spring Rice had served as best man at J . P . Morgans wedding and his influence over the commission was too great for him to be seen as impartial . As the war went on , Spring Rices embassy increasingly assumed an advisory role to the many British special delegations which were sent to secure the support of the US government . Spring Rice complained about the limited part he was able to play in the 1915 Anglo-French Financial Commission led by Lord Reading . Spring Rice was also concerned by the large number of private brokers and agents , both with and without official authority , who were operating in the United States on behalf of the government and British businesses . As a result , Spring Rice had to request for the War Office to provide him with an official list of accredited agents , which was reluctantly compiled in late 1914 . By 1916 , the British government was becoming increasingly worried about the Ghadar Party , a US-based political movement which was agitating for rebellion against British rule in India . The American authorities had been reluctant to check the Indian seditionist movement earlier in the war , and fear about the potential political fallout had prevented Spring Rice from pressing the matter diplomatically . However , in February 1916 Spring Rice was ordered to raise the issue with the new US Secretary of State , Robert Lansing . The subsequent Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial uncovered plans to incite an armed revolt in India with German support . In 1916 , Spring Rice constantly sought a reprieve for Roger Casement , citing the danger of protests from Irish Americans , but he also advised political and religious leaders of Casements perversion and the existence of the Black Diaries . In January 1917 he signed the agreement of the third US War Loan to Britain on behalf of his government . Spring Rices efforts to end US neutrality eventually met with success when the USA entered the conflict on the side of the Allies in 1917 . In mid-January 1918 , following a disagreement with Lord Northcliffe , the head of the British war mission to America , he was abruptly recalled to London in a one-line telegram . Spring Rice immediately travelled to Canada to begin his journey back to Britain . In Canada , Spring Rice was the guest of his wifes cousin , the Duke of Devonshire , who was at the time serving as Governor General of Canada . Although only 58 and in reasonably good health , Spring Rice unexpectedly died at the viceregal seat , Rideau Hall in Ottawa , a mere three weeks after leaving his post . It is believed that his underlying health condition ( Graves disease ) had been exacerbated by exhaustion and stress . It was suggested by his family and close friends that Spring Rice had died of a broken heart following his removal from office , with Henry Cabot Lodge commenting that the sudden cessation of his work and responsibilities in which his heart was bound up caused him the loss of the will to live . He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa . Spring Rice was replaced as ambassador by Lord Reading , who was a direct representative of Britains war cabinet and had been afforded additional negotiating powers , thus combining the roles previously held by Northcliffe and Spring Rice . Assessment of work . In The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt , Edmund Morris described Spring Rice as a born diplomat [ who ] invariably picked out and cultivated the most important person in any place . He was well respected in Londons diplomatic circles , and had a wide network of influential friends in the United States and Britain . The diplomat Sir Malcolm Robertson described Spring Rice as one of the two or three really brilliant ambassadors whom I have met in thirty years of diplomatic life . However , Spring Rices success in turning the earlier close links to the US administration to a relationship of use to his government is debatable . By the end of his appointment , Spring Rice had earned the enmity of his government after becoming paranoid about the threat posed by German spies , and also because of his immense dislike of the many British delegations to Washington that were not under the control of his embassy . Furthermore , Spring Rices personal connections to many notable Republican politicians was well known , so some members of the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson were dubious about trusting him . He was damaged by his association with Roosevelt following the former Presidents attacks on Wilson for his policy of neutrality and for a lack of military preparedness . Spring Rice found William Jennings Bryan , the Secretary of State , hard to take seriously and disliked having to deal with Edward M . House , Wilsons confidential adviser , who held no official post in the US government . Even so , after his death the British government publicly recognised Spring Rices extraordinary contribution to the war effort . His untiring attempts to get the United States to join the Allies were evident as well as his success in frustrating the work of the German ambassador , von Bernstorff . In a speech in the House of Commons in 1919 , Lord Robert Cecil said : Writings and friendships . Spring Rice was a poet throughout his adult life . In 1918 , he rewrote the words of his most notable poem , Urbs Dei ( The City of God ) or The Two Fatherlands , to become the text for the hymn I Vow to Thee My Country . The hymn was first performed in 1925 , after Spring Rices death and has since become a widely recognised British anthem . His poetry was published in the 1922 edition of Poems of Today , and has since been published in several other poetry collections . He became acquainted with Theodore Roosevelt on a trans-Atlantic crossing from New York in 1886 , and the two men quickly became close friends and confidants . He has been described as one of President Theodore Roosevelts most ardent and loyal admirers and acted as Roosevelts best man in Roosevelts wedding to Edith Carow . Roosevelt became the godfather of Spring Rices son in 1908 . Spring Rice memorably remarked about Roosevelt : You must always remember that the president is about six . The two men continued to write to each other until Spring Rices death , and their close relationship undoubtedly added to the latters diplomatic clout in the US . He was a close friend of Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol , a British journalist and later diplomat , and Ronald Munro Ferguson , 1st Viscount Novar , with whom he corresponded for many years . One of his closest political friends was the Irish nationalist , John Dillon ; his unwavering sense of duty attempted to overcome his sisters very public espousal of nationalist causes and friendships within the hierarchy of Sinn Féin . The personal moral overtones and private contradictions failed to dent an overwhelming sense of obligation to the British Empire . However it may have informed his uneasy relationship with the Balfour Mission . A fluent speaker of Persian ( as well as German and French ) , Spring Rice was responsible for translating numerous Persian poems into English . Spring Rices letters and poems were collected together by his daughter , Lady Arthur , and many are now held by The National Archives . Further papers , relating to his diplomatic postings , and diaries of his travels in Japan , are held by the Churchill Archives Centre . Honours and legacy . Spring Rice was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1906 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1908 . In 1906 he was made a Grand Cordon of Order of the Medjidie . In 1912 he was made a Commander ( 1st Class ) of the Order of the Polar Star and he was made a member of the Privy Council in 1913 . Spring Rice was going to be offered a peerage upon his return to the United Kingdom , but died before the honour could be proposed . In his will he left money to Balliol College to found the Cecil Spring Rice Memorial Fund which funds the learning of languages by students who intend to join the diplomatic service . Before his death , Spring Rice gave substantial funds for repairs to be carried out on St Peter and St Pauls Church , Lavenham , the ancestral church of the Spring family . Commemorations . Shortly after his death , Spring Rices family , friends and colleagues erected a bridge to his memory over the waterfall at Aira Force , near his childhood home on Ullswater . All Saints Church , Watermillock contains a stone memorial tablet to Spring Rice . In July 2013 a memorial was unveiled by Cecil Spring Rices granddaughter , Caroline Kenny , at Spring Rices graveside in Ottawa . The grave was cleaned up and a memorial plaque and ceremony was organised by the then British Consul , Ashley Prime , working in Toronto with support from the Freeman of the City of London ( North America ) . Mount Spring-Rice in British Columbia was named after Spring Rice in 1918 by surveyor Arthur Wheeler . |
[
"ambassador to the United States"
] | easy | What was the position of Cecil Spring Rice from 1913 to 1918? | /wiki/Cecil_Spring_Rice#P39#2 | Cecil Spring Rice Sir Cecil Arthur Spring Rice , ( 27 February 1859 – 14 February 1918 ) was a British diplomat who served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1912 to 1918 , as which he was responsible for the organisation of British efforts to end American neutrality during the First World War . He was also a close friend of US President Theodore Roosevelt , and served as best man at his second wedding . He is best known as the writer of the lyrics of the patriotic hymn , I Vow to Thee , My Country . Early life and family . Spring Rice was born into an aristocratic and influential Anglo-Irish family . He was the son of a diplomat , The Hon . Charles William Thomas Spring Rice , who was the second son of the prominent Whig politician and former cabinet minister The 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon . Spring Rices maternal grandfather was the politician William Marshall , and he was a cousin of Frederick Spring . He was the great-grandson of The 1st Earl of Limerick , John Marshall , and George Hibbert . Spring Rices father died when he was eleven , and he was raised at his mothers familys house at Watermillock on the shore of Ullswater . During his childhood , he was often ill , and he later suffered from Graves disease , despite maintaining an active lifestyle . He was educated at Eton and at Balliol College , Oxford , at both of which he was a contemporary and close friend of George Nathaniel Curzon , and at the latter of which he studied under the direction of Benjamin Jowett . Spring Rice rowed for Balliol , and achieved a double first in Classical Moderations ( 1879 ) and Literae Humaniores ( 1881 ) . At Oxford , he was also a contemporary and close friend of John Strachey and Edward Grey . However , Spring Rice contributed , alongside John William Mackail , to the composition of a famous sardonic doggerel about Curzon that was published in The Balliol Masque , and , when British Ambassador to the United States , he was suspected by Curzon of trying to prevent Curzons engagement to the American Mary Leiter , whom Curzon nevertheless married . However , Spring Rice assumed for a certainty , like many of Curzons other friends , that Curzon would inevitably become Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs : he wrote to Curzon in 1891 , When you are Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs I hope you will restore the vanished glory of England , lead the European concert , decide the fate of nations , and give me three months leave instead of two . After completing university , Spring Rice travelled in Europe , where he improved his French , at the time the language of diplomacy . Uncertain about which career to pursue , he took an examination for the Foreign Office and was accepted . Although brought up as an Englishman , Spring Rice maintained a close affinity with Ireland , and he later wrote a poem about his dual Rice ( Irish ) and Spring ( English ) roots . Spring Rice had four sisters and four brothers , two of whom predeceased him . Stephen Spring Rice died in 1902 and Gerald Spring Rice was killed while serving as an officer on the Western Front in 1916 . Marriage and issue . In 1904 , Spring Rice married Florence Caroline Lascelles , the daughter of Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles and a cousin of the Duke of Devonshire . He had two children with Florence : - Mary Elizabeth Spring Rice ( 1906–1994 ) , married Sir Oswald Raynor Arthur in 1935 . - Anthony Theodore Brandon Spring Rice ( 1908–1954 ) , died unmarried . Career . Early diplomatic career . Spring Rice began his career as a clerk in the Foreign Office in 1882 . In 1886 , he was appointed Assistant Private Secretary to the Foreign Secretary , the Liberal politician Lord Rosebery . Spring Rice was known to be a supporter of the Liberal Party and was sympathetic to the Irish Home Rule movement so he was relieved of his post when the Conservatives came to power later that year . Spring Rice subsequently made the unusual move to the diplomatic service , where he remained for the rest of his life , starting with his first posting to the British legation in Washington , D.C . in 1887 . In 1892 he was posted to Japan , and undertook a tour of Korea with Curzon later that year . While in Japan Spring Rice was instrumental in laying the foundations of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance , which he identified as vital to British interests if Russian expansionism in the region was to be challenged . He left Japan in October 1893 and was posted again to Washington until October 1895 , when he was posted to the British embassy in Berlin . During his time in Germany he fell in love with his future wife , Florence Lascelles , the daughter of the then British ambassador . He left Berlin in July 1898 , and after spending several months with his family on Ullswater was posted to Constantinople . In May 1899 he was given his first posting to Persia as Secretary of Legation , and he became the British chargé daffaires in Tehran in March 1900 , when the Minister , Sir Mortimer Durand , left for London due to his wifes health . In 1901 Spring Rice was appointed Commissioner of Public Debt in Cairo , where he remained for two years . In November 1901 , he had been promoted to the rank of Secretary of Embassy . He was made Chargé dAffaires in St . Petersburg in 1903 , and in June of that year began to warn the British government that war between Russia and Japan was becoming increasingly likely . He was still serving in Russia when the Russo-Japanese War began in January 1904 , and he corresponded at length with his close friend and confidant President Roosevelt about the United States mediation in the conflict and the subsequent Treaty of Portsmouth . In January 1905 Lord Lansdowne appointed Spring Rice as the Foreign Offices special representative to the US president . Spring Rice was carrying out the duties of the British ambassador to Russia , who was unwell , during the 1905 Russian Revolution and was involved in the early negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907 . In September 1906 Spring Rice undertook his first ambassadorial role when he was made British Minister to Persia , before becoming Ambassador to Sweden in 1908 . Ambassador to Sweden . Upon being appointed ambassador , Spring Rice was instructed by Edward VII to help improve relations between Sweden and Norway following the dissolution of the Union between the two countries in 1905 . The primary concern of the British government , however , was the increasingly friendly relations between Sweden and Germany , and the growing diplomatic , cultural and economic influence of Germany in Scandinavia . In a letter to Lord Cranley in May 1909 , Spring Rice stated I suppose you realise that Sweden is in effect a province of Prussia [ Germany ] , not in will but in necessity . He went on to say that in case of war I think we should regard Sweden as German in effect... . Spring Rice became irritated by what he saw as Swedens deference to Wilhelm II , and his embassy was involved in an intensifying rivalry between Germany and Britain for control of Swedens important iron and timber resources . Nonetheless , relations between Sweden and London remained amicable . In November 1912 , after four years in Sweden , it was announced that Spring Rices next diplomatic posting was to be as ambassador to the United States . Ambassador to the United States . Spring Rice had long held the ambition of being appointed ambassador to the United States . In his biography of Spring Rice , Stephen Gwynn stated that Spring Rices main concern , throughout his diplomatic career , was to improve relations between the two great English-speaking powers . Within the diplomatic service Spring Rice had unique entrée into Washingtons corridors of power , and his work alongside President Roosevelt in 1905 led the British government to regard him as a natural choice for ambassador by 1912 . The diplomat Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol observed that Spring Rices whole career seems to have been a preparation for the final struggle in Washington . Within two years of Spring Rices posting to Washington DC , the First World War had broken out in Europe , and his principal task became that of ending American neutrality . The United States was the largest potential supplier of munitions , arms and food to the United Kingdom and its allies , as well as a potential ally in the war . However , in 1914 public opinion in America favoured neutrality , and Spring Rice had to grapple with the strong anti-British and non-interventionist elements in American politics at the time . Spring Rice also had the complex task of justifying British policies that violated Americas rights as a neutral state , such as the monitoring of mail and telegrams and the seizure of contraband at sea . Furthermore , German diplomats under Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff were active in attempting to influence American political opinion against the Allies . Of particular concern to Spring Rice was liaison between German and Irish groups in America , and his embassy was closely involved in gathering intelligence regarding the actions of anti-British spies and informants . He successfully engaged with his many Atlanticist American friends , including Theodore Roosevelt , Henry Stimson and Joseph Hodges Choate , who applied pressure on Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality . In January 1915 Arthur Balfour , the former prime minister , was sent on a mission to convince the United States Congress of Britains friendship . In a series of meetings , Spring Rice and Consul-General , Sir Courtenay Bennett , were marginalised by the delegations representatives . Spring Rice and Bennett agreed to support the subsequent Commercial Agreement on the condition that Spring Rices friend , J . P . Morgan Jr. , was appointed as the sole purchasing agent . Spring Rice was able to keep the feeble commission alive , but voiced his concerns that British finances in the United States were reaching a critical point as chaotic credit arrangements by-passed the body set up by parliament to effectuate co-ordination . Spring Rice sent daily wires to London warning that Gold runs would seriously undermine British bank facility , but these were largely ignored . Spring Rice had served as best man at J . P . Morgans wedding and his influence over the commission was too great for him to be seen as impartial . As the war went on , Spring Rices embassy increasingly assumed an advisory role to the many British special delegations which were sent to secure the support of the US government . Spring Rice complained about the limited part he was able to play in the 1915 Anglo-French Financial Commission led by Lord Reading . Spring Rice was also concerned by the large number of private brokers and agents , both with and without official authority , who were operating in the United States on behalf of the government and British businesses . As a result , Spring Rice had to request for the War Office to provide him with an official list of accredited agents , which was reluctantly compiled in late 1914 . By 1916 , the British government was becoming increasingly worried about the Ghadar Party , a US-based political movement which was agitating for rebellion against British rule in India . The American authorities had been reluctant to check the Indian seditionist movement earlier in the war , and fear about the potential political fallout had prevented Spring Rice from pressing the matter diplomatically . However , in February 1916 Spring Rice was ordered to raise the issue with the new US Secretary of State , Robert Lansing . The subsequent Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial uncovered plans to incite an armed revolt in India with German support . In 1916 , Spring Rice constantly sought a reprieve for Roger Casement , citing the danger of protests from Irish Americans , but he also advised political and religious leaders of Casements perversion and the existence of the Black Diaries . In January 1917 he signed the agreement of the third US War Loan to Britain on behalf of his government . Spring Rices efforts to end US neutrality eventually met with success when the USA entered the conflict on the side of the Allies in 1917 . In mid-January 1918 , following a disagreement with Lord Northcliffe , the head of the British war mission to America , he was abruptly recalled to London in a one-line telegram . Spring Rice immediately travelled to Canada to begin his journey back to Britain . In Canada , Spring Rice was the guest of his wifes cousin , the Duke of Devonshire , who was at the time serving as Governor General of Canada . Although only 58 and in reasonably good health , Spring Rice unexpectedly died at the viceregal seat , Rideau Hall in Ottawa , a mere three weeks after leaving his post . It is believed that his underlying health condition ( Graves disease ) had been exacerbated by exhaustion and stress . It was suggested by his family and close friends that Spring Rice had died of a broken heart following his removal from office , with Henry Cabot Lodge commenting that the sudden cessation of his work and responsibilities in which his heart was bound up caused him the loss of the will to live . He is buried in Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa . Spring Rice was replaced as ambassador by Lord Reading , who was a direct representative of Britains war cabinet and had been afforded additional negotiating powers , thus combining the roles previously held by Northcliffe and Spring Rice . Assessment of work . In The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt , Edmund Morris described Spring Rice as a born diplomat [ who ] invariably picked out and cultivated the most important person in any place . He was well respected in Londons diplomatic circles , and had a wide network of influential friends in the United States and Britain . The diplomat Sir Malcolm Robertson described Spring Rice as one of the two or three really brilliant ambassadors whom I have met in thirty years of diplomatic life . However , Spring Rices success in turning the earlier close links to the US administration to a relationship of use to his government is debatable . By the end of his appointment , Spring Rice had earned the enmity of his government after becoming paranoid about the threat posed by German spies , and also because of his immense dislike of the many British delegations to Washington that were not under the control of his embassy . Furthermore , Spring Rices personal connections to many notable Republican politicians was well known , so some members of the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson were dubious about trusting him . He was damaged by his association with Roosevelt following the former Presidents attacks on Wilson for his policy of neutrality and for a lack of military preparedness . Spring Rice found William Jennings Bryan , the Secretary of State , hard to take seriously and disliked having to deal with Edward M . House , Wilsons confidential adviser , who held no official post in the US government . Even so , after his death the British government publicly recognised Spring Rices extraordinary contribution to the war effort . His untiring attempts to get the United States to join the Allies were evident as well as his success in frustrating the work of the German ambassador , von Bernstorff . In a speech in the House of Commons in 1919 , Lord Robert Cecil said : Writings and friendships . Spring Rice was a poet throughout his adult life . In 1918 , he rewrote the words of his most notable poem , Urbs Dei ( The City of God ) or The Two Fatherlands , to become the text for the hymn I Vow to Thee My Country . The hymn was first performed in 1925 , after Spring Rices death and has since become a widely recognised British anthem . His poetry was published in the 1922 edition of Poems of Today , and has since been published in several other poetry collections . He became acquainted with Theodore Roosevelt on a trans-Atlantic crossing from New York in 1886 , and the two men quickly became close friends and confidants . He has been described as one of President Theodore Roosevelts most ardent and loyal admirers and acted as Roosevelts best man in Roosevelts wedding to Edith Carow . Roosevelt became the godfather of Spring Rices son in 1908 . Spring Rice memorably remarked about Roosevelt : You must always remember that the president is about six . The two men continued to write to each other until Spring Rices death , and their close relationship undoubtedly added to the latters diplomatic clout in the US . He was a close friend of Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol , a British journalist and later diplomat , and Ronald Munro Ferguson , 1st Viscount Novar , with whom he corresponded for many years . One of his closest political friends was the Irish nationalist , John Dillon ; his unwavering sense of duty attempted to overcome his sisters very public espousal of nationalist causes and friendships within the hierarchy of Sinn Féin . The personal moral overtones and private contradictions failed to dent an overwhelming sense of obligation to the British Empire . However it may have informed his uneasy relationship with the Balfour Mission . A fluent speaker of Persian ( as well as German and French ) , Spring Rice was responsible for translating numerous Persian poems into English . Spring Rices letters and poems were collected together by his daughter , Lady Arthur , and many are now held by The National Archives . Further papers , relating to his diplomatic postings , and diaries of his travels in Japan , are held by the Churchill Archives Centre . Honours and legacy . Spring Rice was invested as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1906 and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1908 . In 1906 he was made a Grand Cordon of Order of the Medjidie . In 1912 he was made a Commander ( 1st Class ) of the Order of the Polar Star and he was made a member of the Privy Council in 1913 . Spring Rice was going to be offered a peerage upon his return to the United Kingdom , but died before the honour could be proposed . In his will he left money to Balliol College to found the Cecil Spring Rice Memorial Fund which funds the learning of languages by students who intend to join the diplomatic service . Before his death , Spring Rice gave substantial funds for repairs to be carried out on St Peter and St Pauls Church , Lavenham , the ancestral church of the Spring family . Commemorations . Shortly after his death , Spring Rices family , friends and colleagues erected a bridge to his memory over the waterfall at Aira Force , near his childhood home on Ullswater . All Saints Church , Watermillock contains a stone memorial tablet to Spring Rice . In July 2013 a memorial was unveiled by Cecil Spring Rices granddaughter , Caroline Kenny , at Spring Rices graveside in Ottawa . The grave was cleaned up and a memorial plaque and ceremony was organised by the then British Consul , Ashley Prime , working in Toronto with support from the Freeman of the City of London ( North America ) . Mount Spring-Rice in British Columbia was named after Spring Rice in 1918 by surveyor Arthur Wheeler . |
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] | easy | Which site was the heritage designation of Stoclet Palace from Mar 1976 to 2009? | /wiki/Stoclet_Palace#P1435#0 | Stoclet Palace The Stoclet Palace ( , ) is a mansion in Brussels , Belgium . It was designed by Austrian architect Josef Hoffmann for Belgian financier Adolphe Stoclet . Built between 1905 and 1911 in the Vienna Secession style , it is located on Avenue de Tervueren in the Woluwe-Saint-Pierre municipality of Brussels . Considered Hoffmans masterpiece , the residence is one of the most refined and luxurious private houses of the twentieth century . The sumptuous dining and music rooms of the Stoclet Palace exemplified the theatrical spaces of the Gesamtkunstwerk ( total work of art ) , celebrating sight , sound , and taste in a symphony of sensual harmonies that paralleled the operas of Richard Wagner , from whom the concept originated . In his designs for the Stoclet Palace , Hoffmann was particularly attuned to fashion and to the Viennese identity of the new style of interior , even designing a dress for Madame Stoclet so that she would not clash with her living room decor as she had while wearing a French Paul Poiret gown . The mansion is still occupied by the Stoclet family and is not open to visitors . The building has received protected status by the Monuments and Sites Directorate of the Brussels-Capital Region , and it was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in June 2009 . Description . The Stoclet Palace was commissioned by Adolphe Stoclet ( 1871–1949 ) , a wealthy Belgian financier and art collector . He chose 35-year-old Austrian architect Josef Hoffmann ( 1870–1956 ) , who was a founding member of the Vienna Secession , a radical group of designers and artists established in 1897 . Hoffman abandoned fashions and styles of the past and produced a building that is an asymmetrical compilation of rectangular blocks , underlined by exaggerated lines and corners . The starkness of the exterior is softened by artistic windows , which break through the line of the eaves , the rooftop conservatory , and bronze sculptures of four nude males by Franz Metzner , which are mounted on the tower that rises above the stairwell . Regimented upright balustrades line the balconies , touched with Art Nouveau ornamentation . The Stoclet Palace was the first residential project for the Wiener Werkstätte ( Vienna Workshops ) , co-founded by Hoffman in 1903 . Josef Hoffman and his colleagues designed every aspect of the mansion , down to the door handles and light fittings . The interior is as spartan as the exterior , with upright geometric furniture and minimal clutter . This was an avant-garde approach , presenting a reformed interior where function dictated form . The interior of the building is decorated with marble paneling and artworks , including mosaic friezes by Gustav Klimt ( designed by Klimt and carried out by Leopold Forstner ) and murals by Ludwig Heinrich Jungnickel . The integration of architects , artists , and artisans makes Stoclet Palace an example of a Gesamtkunstwerk , one of the defining characteristics of Art Nouveau . Klimts sketches for the dining room are in the permanent collection of the Museum für angewandte Kunst ( MAK ) in Vienna . The Stoclet Palace is on Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan in the municipality of Woluwe-Saint-Pierre in Brussels . The building was designed to appear from the road as a stately city mansion . Seen from the garden at the back the Stoclet Palace becomes a villa suburbana with its rear facade sculpturally modelled by bay windows , balconies and terraces in the words of architectural historian Annette Freytag , which gave the Stoclet family a building with all the advantages of a comfortable urban mansion and a country house at the same time . Adolphe Stoclet died in 1949 , and the mansion was inherited by his daughter-in-law Annie Stoclet . Following Annies death in 2002 , the house was inherited by her four daughters . The Stoclet Palace is currently not open to the public . Press reports have described the mansion as being looked after by two caretakers while there is dissension between Stoclets four granddaughters as to the future of the Stoclet Palace . |
[
"World Heritage Site"
] | easy | Which site was the heritage designation of Stoclet Palace from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Stoclet_Palace#P1435#1 | Stoclet Palace The Stoclet Palace ( , ) is a mansion in Brussels , Belgium . It was designed by Austrian architect Josef Hoffmann for Belgian financier Adolphe Stoclet . Built between 1905 and 1911 in the Vienna Secession style , it is located on Avenue de Tervueren in the Woluwe-Saint-Pierre municipality of Brussels . Considered Hoffmans masterpiece , the residence is one of the most refined and luxurious private houses of the twentieth century . The sumptuous dining and music rooms of the Stoclet Palace exemplified the theatrical spaces of the Gesamtkunstwerk ( total work of art ) , celebrating sight , sound , and taste in a symphony of sensual harmonies that paralleled the operas of Richard Wagner , from whom the concept originated . In his designs for the Stoclet Palace , Hoffmann was particularly attuned to fashion and to the Viennese identity of the new style of interior , even designing a dress for Madame Stoclet so that she would not clash with her living room decor as she had while wearing a French Paul Poiret gown . The mansion is still occupied by the Stoclet family and is not open to visitors . The building has received protected status by the Monuments and Sites Directorate of the Brussels-Capital Region , and it was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in June 2009 . Description . The Stoclet Palace was commissioned by Adolphe Stoclet ( 1871–1949 ) , a wealthy Belgian financier and art collector . He chose 35-year-old Austrian architect Josef Hoffmann ( 1870–1956 ) , who was a founding member of the Vienna Secession , a radical group of designers and artists established in 1897 . Hoffman abandoned fashions and styles of the past and produced a building that is an asymmetrical compilation of rectangular blocks , underlined by exaggerated lines and corners . The starkness of the exterior is softened by artistic windows , which break through the line of the eaves , the rooftop conservatory , and bronze sculptures of four nude males by Franz Metzner , which are mounted on the tower that rises above the stairwell . Regimented upright balustrades line the balconies , touched with Art Nouveau ornamentation . The Stoclet Palace was the first residential project for the Wiener Werkstätte ( Vienna Workshops ) , co-founded by Hoffman in 1903 . Josef Hoffman and his colleagues designed every aspect of the mansion , down to the door handles and light fittings . The interior is as spartan as the exterior , with upright geometric furniture and minimal clutter . This was an avant-garde approach , presenting a reformed interior where function dictated form . The interior of the building is decorated with marble paneling and artworks , including mosaic friezes by Gustav Klimt ( designed by Klimt and carried out by Leopold Forstner ) and murals by Ludwig Heinrich Jungnickel . The integration of architects , artists , and artisans makes Stoclet Palace an example of a Gesamtkunstwerk , one of the defining characteristics of Art Nouveau . Klimts sketches for the dining room are in the permanent collection of the Museum für angewandte Kunst ( MAK ) in Vienna . The Stoclet Palace is on Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan in the municipality of Woluwe-Saint-Pierre in Brussels . The building was designed to appear from the road as a stately city mansion . Seen from the garden at the back the Stoclet Palace becomes a villa suburbana with its rear facade sculpturally modelled by bay windows , balconies and terraces in the words of architectural historian Annette Freytag , which gave the Stoclet family a building with all the advantages of a comfortable urban mansion and a country house at the same time . Adolphe Stoclet died in 1949 , and the mansion was inherited by his daughter-in-law Annie Stoclet . Following Annies death in 2002 , the house was inherited by her four daughters . The Stoclet Palace is currently not open to the public . Press reports have described the mansion as being looked after by two caretakers while there is dissension between Stoclets four granddaughters as to the future of the Stoclet Palace . |
[
"JCT"
] | easy | Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2005 to 2008? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#0 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"JCTs"
] | easy | Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2008 to 2009? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#1 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"Dempo"
] | easy | Which team did the player Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#2 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"Mariners",
"Mohun Bagan"
] | easy | Which team did Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) play for from 2010 to 2012? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#3 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"United Sikkim"
] | easy | Which team did the player Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#4 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"Mumbai"
] | easy | Which team did the player Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#5 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"Delhi Dynamos",
"Mohun Bagan"
] | easy | Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) played for which team from 2014 to 2016? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#6 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"East Bengal"
] | easy | Which team did the player Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984) belong to from 2016 to 2017? | /wiki/Anwar_Ali_(footballer,_born_1984)#P54#7 | Anwar Ali ( footballer , born 1984 ) Anwar Ali is an Indian footballer , currently playing for Punjab in the I-League as a centre back . Career . Anwar joined the Rurka Kalan Academy of his village , which is about away from the city of Jalandhar when he was in school . Initially he used to play as a right-back for his school , DAV Jalandhar and impressed the national team scouts in the 2002 sub-junior nationals . Anwar was part of the 2004 Punjab Santosh Trophy team that lost to Kerala in the final ; the same year he joined Punjab Police . JCT . Joga Singh , assistant coach of Punjab Police , recognized Anwars potential to play as a central defender because of his height , strong physique and strength in the air . From then on Anwar would start playing as a central defender and in 2005 , he realized his dream of signing for JCT . The 2006–07 season would turn out to be a very important season in Anwars career as it was in this campaign that he really came into the limelight . He was adjudged as the most promising footballer of the 2006 Durand Cup , where JCT reached the final and narrowly lost to Dempo . In the National League ( now I-League ) , Anwar was one of the best defenders and his performances played a crucial role in JCTs runner-up finish . Dempo . Ali signed with Dempo for the 2009-10 I-League season and was a regular for his team , featuring 18 times during the league but left at the end of the season . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2010-11 I-League season and before the 2011 Asian Cup . Anwar had an impressive season , featuring 25 times at the heart of the defense for the Mariners . United Sikkim . Ali signed for United Sikkim of the I-League in 2012 . On 28 January , he scored with a superb scissors kick from an Ashish Chettri free kick against Pailan Arrows at Kalyani , West Bengal and gave the visitors the lead on the 74th minute , though substitute Tirthankar Sarkar equalized 6 minutes later to ensure level-pegging . Mumbai FC . Anwar spent the 2013–14 I-League season with Mumbai , building a strong defensive partnership with promising youngster Sandesh Jhingan whom he knew from his time at United Sikkim , helping his side avoid relegation . Delhi Dynamos . Anwar was snapped up by Indian Super League side Delhi Dynamos for the 2014 season . Anwar was a regular for his team and played all of his teams 14 league fixtures . Mohun Bagan . Anwar signed with Mohun Bagan for the 2014-15 I-League East Bengal . On 11 December 2016 it was announced that Ali had signed with East Bengal for their I-League campaign after his stint with Mumbai City in the Indian Super League is over . In April 2017 , he suffered a heart attack after a practise session and was admitted to a hospital . ATK . Ali signed for Indian Super League franchise ATK ahead of the 2017–18 season . International . Anwar continued to improve the following season and finally got a call up to the national team squad . His first tournament was the 2008 SAFF Cup but the AFC Challenge Cup could be considered as his major breakthrough tournament as it was in this competition that he established himself as a regular . Anwar formed a formidable partnership with Gouramangi Singh at the heart of the central defence as India conceded only three goals in five matches . The tall defender has been a first team regular ever since , helping India to retain the Nehru Cup title in 2009 and also featuring regularly in the international friendlies of 2010 . He was also in the 23-member squad selected for the 2011 Asian Cup in Qatar . External links . - http://goal.com/en-india/people/india/21176/anwar-ali |
[
"Catalunya Món"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia from Nov 2012 to Feb 2013? | /wiki/Public_Diplomacy_Council_of_Catalonia#P169#0 | Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia The Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia ( in Catalan language Consell de Diplomàcia Pública de Catalunya ; acronym : DIPLOCAT ) – previously known as the Patronat Catalunya Món – is a public-private consortium set up by the Catalan government , the Generalitat . It is devoted to promoting international awareness of Catalonia within the international community through public diplomacy tools . Albert Royo i Mariné was the secretary general of the Diplomacy Council from 14 February 2013 to October 27 , 2017 when the government of Spain decided to close the consortium in application of article 155 of the Spanish Constitution . Its creation has been controversial , since the constitution reserves external action to the government of Spain exclusively . With the arrival of the new government of the Generalitat , the President Quim Torra convened the first meeting of its board of trustees since the beginning of the process of liquidation . With this announcement , the liquidation of the consortium was terminated and the process of reactivation started . In December 2018 its board of trustees appointed Ms . Laura Foraster as the new secretary general of Diplocat . Activities . From 2013 to 2017 DIPLOCAT organized academic events to discuss both internationally relevant topics within Catalonia with international guests and the Catalan independence process in universities around the world . Examples of these events include debates in Lisbon , Utrecht , Oslo , Cambridge , Princeton , Sciences Po Paris , Stockholm and Tokyo . Diplocat also organized public events in Catalonia itself . In that sense , Diplocat invited Jeremy Rifkin to talk about the possibilities for Catalonia to implement the third industrial revolution , and also organized an international forum in Barcelona about reception and integration of refugees in the European Union . It also published articles in international press to explain the political situation in Catalonia ; awards grants ; organized an executive masters degree in diplomacy and foreign affairs ; organized meetings with foreign members of parliaments to promote debate on the question of the right to decide ; invited well-known figures from different fields of work or studies to visit Catalonia ; participated in electoral observation missions ; aided civil society organizations carrying out activities abroad ; prepares informative documents explaining key aspects of everything related to Catalonia ; and carried out digital diplomacy with activity on social networks - especially Twitter . They also carried out activities in the field of cultural diplomacy , such as the #BooksAndRoses campaign , which promotes giving roses and books in and around April 23 , when Sant Jordi is celebrated in Catalonia , or supporting documentaries such as the one about the 40 years of Dutch soccer player Johann Cruyff in Catalonia . DIPLOCAT also gave the annual Catalan Business Diplomacy Award , aimed at recognizing those companies which identify themselves or their products and services as Catalan . The award was first created in 2013 by DIPLOCAT working together with PIMEC . It has been won by Aranow ( 2013 ) , Scytl ( 2014 ) , Moritz ( 2015 ) , Ultramàgic ( 2016 ) and Beabloo ( 2017 ) . With Diplocat reactivated the award was restored and the company Munich was awarded in 2019 . One of the first activities held by Diplocat once reactivated was a seminar on public diplomacy in Barcelona in which professor Nicholas Cull gave the key speech . In that conference the new secretary general Ms . Laura Foraster said that Diplocats goals are to export the image , assets and values of Catalonia abroad . Impact in international journalism . The presence of DIPLOCAT has been acknowledged to improve the positive perceptions on Catalonia of the international journalists who had previously established contact with the consortium . Moreover , there is a correlation between the professional needs of correspondents ( information sources and materials ) and the Public Diplomacy activities being provided by DIPLOCAT . Composition . The following public bodies constitute the Public Diplomacy Council : - Public institutions - Generalitat de Catalunya ( Catalan government ) - City halls of Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , Tarragona and Vielha e Mijaran - Catalan association of municipalities and counties ( Associació Catalana de Municipis i Comarques ) - Federation of the municipalities of Catalonia ( Federació de Municipis de Catalunya ) - Financial , economic and business bodies - Federation of Catalan savings banks ( Federació Catalana de Caixes dEstalvis ) - General Board of the Chambers of Commerce , Industry and Navigation of Catalonia - Association of small and medium-sized businesses ( PIMEC ) - Employers association ( Foment del Treball Nacional ) - Multi-sector business association - Foundation of private businesses ( FemCAT ) - Confederation of Catalan cooperatives - Comisiones Obreras de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Unión General de Trabajadores de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Social and sport bodies - Federation of Catalan third sector social bodies ( Taula dEntitats del Tercer Sector Social de Catalunya ) - FB Barcelona - Universities , business schools and academic centres - Universities of Catalunya - EADA Business School - Barcelona Graduate School of Economics ( BGSE ) - Barcelona Institute of International Studies ( Institut Barcelona dEstudis Internacionals IBEI ) External links . - BooksAndRoses |
[
"Albert Royo i Mariné"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia from Feb 2013 to Oct 2017? | /wiki/Public_Diplomacy_Council_of_Catalonia#P169#1 | Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia The Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia ( in Catalan language Consell de Diplomàcia Pública de Catalunya ; acronym : DIPLOCAT ) – previously known as the Patronat Catalunya Món – is a public-private consortium set up by the Catalan government , the Generalitat . It is devoted to promoting international awareness of Catalonia within the international community through public diplomacy tools . Albert Royo i Mariné was the secretary general of the Diplomacy Council from 14 February 2013 to October 27 , 2017 when the government of Spain decided to close the consortium in application of article 155 of the Spanish Constitution . Its creation has been controversial , since the constitution reserves external action to the government of Spain exclusively . With the arrival of the new government of the Generalitat , the President Quim Torra convened the first meeting of its board of trustees since the beginning of the process of liquidation . With this announcement , the liquidation of the consortium was terminated and the process of reactivation started . In December 2018 its board of trustees appointed Ms . Laura Foraster as the new secretary general of Diplocat . Activities . From 2013 to 2017 DIPLOCAT organized academic events to discuss both internationally relevant topics within Catalonia with international guests and the Catalan independence process in universities around the world . Examples of these events include debates in Lisbon , Utrecht , Oslo , Cambridge , Princeton , Sciences Po Paris , Stockholm and Tokyo . Diplocat also organized public events in Catalonia itself . In that sense , Diplocat invited Jeremy Rifkin to talk about the possibilities for Catalonia to implement the third industrial revolution , and also organized an international forum in Barcelona about reception and integration of refugees in the European Union . It also published articles in international press to explain the political situation in Catalonia ; awards grants ; organized an executive masters degree in diplomacy and foreign affairs ; organized meetings with foreign members of parliaments to promote debate on the question of the right to decide ; invited well-known figures from different fields of work or studies to visit Catalonia ; participated in electoral observation missions ; aided civil society organizations carrying out activities abroad ; prepares informative documents explaining key aspects of everything related to Catalonia ; and carried out digital diplomacy with activity on social networks - especially Twitter . They also carried out activities in the field of cultural diplomacy , such as the #BooksAndRoses campaign , which promotes giving roses and books in and around April 23 , when Sant Jordi is celebrated in Catalonia , or supporting documentaries such as the one about the 40 years of Dutch soccer player Johann Cruyff in Catalonia . DIPLOCAT also gave the annual Catalan Business Diplomacy Award , aimed at recognizing those companies which identify themselves or their products and services as Catalan . The award was first created in 2013 by DIPLOCAT working together with PIMEC . It has been won by Aranow ( 2013 ) , Scytl ( 2014 ) , Moritz ( 2015 ) , Ultramàgic ( 2016 ) and Beabloo ( 2017 ) . With Diplocat reactivated the award was restored and the company Munich was awarded in 2019 . One of the first activities held by Diplocat once reactivated was a seminar on public diplomacy in Barcelona in which professor Nicholas Cull gave the key speech . In that conference the new secretary general Ms . Laura Foraster said that Diplocats goals are to export the image , assets and values of Catalonia abroad . Impact in international journalism . The presence of DIPLOCAT has been acknowledged to improve the positive perceptions on Catalonia of the international journalists who had previously established contact with the consortium . Moreover , there is a correlation between the professional needs of correspondents ( information sources and materials ) and the Public Diplomacy activities being provided by DIPLOCAT . Composition . The following public bodies constitute the Public Diplomacy Council : - Public institutions - Generalitat de Catalunya ( Catalan government ) - City halls of Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , Tarragona and Vielha e Mijaran - Catalan association of municipalities and counties ( Associació Catalana de Municipis i Comarques ) - Federation of the municipalities of Catalonia ( Federació de Municipis de Catalunya ) - Financial , economic and business bodies - Federation of Catalan savings banks ( Federació Catalana de Caixes dEstalvis ) - General Board of the Chambers of Commerce , Industry and Navigation of Catalonia - Association of small and medium-sized businesses ( PIMEC ) - Employers association ( Foment del Treball Nacional ) - Multi-sector business association - Foundation of private businesses ( FemCAT ) - Confederation of Catalan cooperatives - Comisiones Obreras de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Unión General de Trabajadores de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Social and sport bodies - Federation of Catalan third sector social bodies ( Taula dEntitats del Tercer Sector Social de Catalunya ) - FB Barcelona - Universities , business schools and academic centres - Universities of Catalunya - EADA Business School - Barcelona Graduate School of Economics ( BGSE ) - Barcelona Institute of International Studies ( Institut Barcelona dEstudis Internacionals IBEI ) External links . - BooksAndRoses |
[
"Laura Foraster"
] | easy | Who was the chief executive officer of Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia from Dec 2018 to Dec 2019? | /wiki/Public_Diplomacy_Council_of_Catalonia#P169#2 | Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia The Public Diplomacy Council of Catalonia ( in Catalan language Consell de Diplomàcia Pública de Catalunya ; acronym : DIPLOCAT ) – previously known as the Patronat Catalunya Món – is a public-private consortium set up by the Catalan government , the Generalitat . It is devoted to promoting international awareness of Catalonia within the international community through public diplomacy tools . Albert Royo i Mariné was the secretary general of the Diplomacy Council from 14 February 2013 to October 27 , 2017 when the government of Spain decided to close the consortium in application of article 155 of the Spanish Constitution . Its creation has been controversial , since the constitution reserves external action to the government of Spain exclusively . With the arrival of the new government of the Generalitat , the President Quim Torra convened the first meeting of its board of trustees since the beginning of the process of liquidation . With this announcement , the liquidation of the consortium was terminated and the process of reactivation started . In December 2018 its board of trustees appointed Ms . Laura Foraster as the new secretary general of Diplocat . Activities . From 2013 to 2017 DIPLOCAT organized academic events to discuss both internationally relevant topics within Catalonia with international guests and the Catalan independence process in universities around the world . Examples of these events include debates in Lisbon , Utrecht , Oslo , Cambridge , Princeton , Sciences Po Paris , Stockholm and Tokyo . Diplocat also organized public events in Catalonia itself . In that sense , Diplocat invited Jeremy Rifkin to talk about the possibilities for Catalonia to implement the third industrial revolution , and also organized an international forum in Barcelona about reception and integration of refugees in the European Union . It also published articles in international press to explain the political situation in Catalonia ; awards grants ; organized an executive masters degree in diplomacy and foreign affairs ; organized meetings with foreign members of parliaments to promote debate on the question of the right to decide ; invited well-known figures from different fields of work or studies to visit Catalonia ; participated in electoral observation missions ; aided civil society organizations carrying out activities abroad ; prepares informative documents explaining key aspects of everything related to Catalonia ; and carried out digital diplomacy with activity on social networks - especially Twitter . They also carried out activities in the field of cultural diplomacy , such as the #BooksAndRoses campaign , which promotes giving roses and books in and around April 23 , when Sant Jordi is celebrated in Catalonia , or supporting documentaries such as the one about the 40 years of Dutch soccer player Johann Cruyff in Catalonia . DIPLOCAT also gave the annual Catalan Business Diplomacy Award , aimed at recognizing those companies which identify themselves or their products and services as Catalan . The award was first created in 2013 by DIPLOCAT working together with PIMEC . It has been won by Aranow ( 2013 ) , Scytl ( 2014 ) , Moritz ( 2015 ) , Ultramàgic ( 2016 ) and Beabloo ( 2017 ) . With Diplocat reactivated the award was restored and the company Munich was awarded in 2019 . One of the first activities held by Diplocat once reactivated was a seminar on public diplomacy in Barcelona in which professor Nicholas Cull gave the key speech . In that conference the new secretary general Ms . Laura Foraster said that Diplocats goals are to export the image , assets and values of Catalonia abroad . Impact in international journalism . The presence of DIPLOCAT has been acknowledged to improve the positive perceptions on Catalonia of the international journalists who had previously established contact with the consortium . Moreover , there is a correlation between the professional needs of correspondents ( information sources and materials ) and the Public Diplomacy activities being provided by DIPLOCAT . Composition . The following public bodies constitute the Public Diplomacy Council : - Public institutions - Generalitat de Catalunya ( Catalan government ) - City halls of Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , Tarragona and Vielha e Mijaran - Catalan association of municipalities and counties ( Associació Catalana de Municipis i Comarques ) - Federation of the municipalities of Catalonia ( Federació de Municipis de Catalunya ) - Financial , economic and business bodies - Federation of Catalan savings banks ( Federació Catalana de Caixes dEstalvis ) - General Board of the Chambers of Commerce , Industry and Navigation of Catalonia - Association of small and medium-sized businesses ( PIMEC ) - Employers association ( Foment del Treball Nacional ) - Multi-sector business association - Foundation of private businesses ( FemCAT ) - Confederation of Catalan cooperatives - Comisiones Obreras de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Unión General de Trabajadores de Catalunya ( trade union ) - Social and sport bodies - Federation of Catalan third sector social bodies ( Taula dEntitats del Tercer Sector Social de Catalunya ) - FB Barcelona - Universities , business schools and academic centres - Universities of Catalunya - EADA Business School - Barcelona Graduate School of Economics ( BGSE ) - Barcelona Institute of International Studies ( Institut Barcelona dEstudis Internacionals IBEI ) External links . - BooksAndRoses |
[
"presidency of the interim governing council"
] | easy | Ayad Allawi took which position in Oct 2003? | /wiki/Ayad_Allawi#P39#0 | Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ; born May 31 , 1944 ) is an Iraqi politician . He served as Vice President of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2018 . Previously he was interim Prime Minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 38th Prime Minister of Iraq ) in 2003 . A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years , Allawi , a Shia Muslim , became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council , which was established by U.S.-led coalition authorities following the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He became Iraqs first head of government since Saddam Hussein when the council dissolved on June 1 , 2004 and named him Prime Minister of the Iraqi Interim Government . His term as Prime Minister ended on April 7 , 2005 , after the selection of Islamic Dawa Party leader Ibrahim al-Jaafari by the newly elected transitional Iraqi National Assembly . A former Baathist , Allawi helped found the Iraqi National Accord , which today is an active political party . In the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the INA provided intelligence about alleged weapons of mass destruction to MI6 . Allawi has lived about half of his life in the UK . His wife and children still live in the UK for their security . He survived assassination attempts in 1978 , in 2004 , and on April 20 , 2005 . Allawis first name is sometimes rendered as Iyad or Eyad . Allawis early life . Allawi was born in 1944 to a prominent Shiite merchant family ; his grandfather helped to negotiate Iraqs independence from Britain and his father was an Iraqi Member of Parliament . He became involved in Baathism at a young age and organized against the government of Abdul Karim Qassim . In the 1960s , he studied at medical school in Baghdad at Baghdad University . Previously , he had attended high school and college at Baghdad College , a Catholic , Jesuit high school and college . He obtained his masters degree at University College in London and performed a residency at Guys Hospital . Allawi has three children , one of them , Hamza , studies in a school in Surrey . Allawi is related to Ahmed Chalabi , another prominent former exile who died in 2015 , through Chalabis sister . Former minister of trade Ali Allawi is Chalabis sisters son as well as Ayad Allawis cousin . The relationship between Chalabi and Allawi had been described as alternating between rivals and allies . In addition , Nouri Badran , interim Minister of Interior , is married to Iyad Allawis sister . He is also a cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . Early political career . In 1971 , he moved to London due to increasing differences with the Baath party and in order to continue his medical education . He resigned from the Baath party in 1975 , having decided that Saddam was exerting too much control over it . Allawi himself states that he remained active in the international Baathist movement , but had no ties to the Baath Partys Iraqi Regional Branch . At first Saddam , then Iraqs vice president , pressured Allawi , who was in contact with senior military and party officers that were increasingly critical of Saddam , to rejoin the Baath Party . In 1978 , friends told Allawi that his name was on a liquidation list . In February 1978 Allawi was awoken in bed one night by an intruder in his Surrey home , who proceeded to attack him with an axe . The intruder left , convinced that Allawi was dead as he lay in a pool of blood . He survived the attempted murder , and spent the next year in hospital recovering from his injuries . His first wife , Atour , was also wounded in the attack . It is presumed that the attack was an assassination attempt ordered by Saddam Hussein . He separated with his wife after mutual agreement . The Iraqi National Accord . While still recovering in hospital from the attack , Allawi started organising an opposition network to work against the government of Saddam Hussein . Through the 1980s he built this network , recruiting Iraqis while traveling as a businessman and for the UNDP . In December 1990 , Allawi announced the existence of the Iraqi National Accord ( INA ) . Six years later , using disillusioned Baathists in the military and government , it mounted an unsuccessful coup in Baghdad . One of Allawis allies in the INA was Salah Omar Al-Ali , a former member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and ambassador to the United Nations . The INA received open backing from the UK , Egypt , Jordan , Saudi Arabia , Turkey and the United States . The group consisted mainly of former military personnel who had defected from Saddam Husseins Iraq to instigate a military coup . Allawi established links and worked with the CIA in 1992 as a counterpoint to Chalabi , and because of the INAs links in the Baathist establishment . It is alleged Allawis INA organised attacks in Iraq . This campaign never posed a threat to Saddam Husseins rule , but was designed to test INAs capability to effect regime change . Though Saddams government claimed the attacks have caused up to 100 civilian deaths there are no true records of these statistics to date . A military coup was planned for 1996 , in which Iraqi generals were to lead their units against Baghdad and remove Saddam Hussein . The CIA supported the plot , code-named DBACHILLES , and added Iraqi officers that were not part of INA . The plan ended in disaster as it had been infiltrated by agents loyal to Saddam . US support was also questionable - requests by the CIA station chief in Amman for American air support were refused by the Clinton administration . Many participants were executed . Lands and factories belonging to the Allawi family were confiscated . Even their graveyard in Najaf was seized , although it was later returned . According to Allawi , his family lost $250M worth of assets . US support for INA continued , receiving $6 million in covert aid in 1996 and $5 million in 1995 ( according to books by David Wurmser as well as Andrew and Patrick Cockburn ) . The INA channelled the report from an Iraqi officer claiming that Iraq could deploy its supposed weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes to British Intelligence . This claim featured prominently in the September Dossier which the British government released in 2002 to gain public support for the Iraq invasion . In the aftermath of the war , the 45 minute claim was also at the heart of the confrontation between the British government and the BBC , and the death of David Kelly later examined by Lord Hutton . Giving evidence to the Hutton Inquiry , the head of MI6 Richard Dearlove suggested that the claim related to battlefield weapons rather than weapons of mass destruction . Post-Saddam . Shortly after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 , the Coalition Provisional Authority ( the CPA ) was established by the occupying forces in order to administer the country until sovereignty could be restored . The CPA decided to establish a grouping of senior Iraqi politicians to carry out some administrative responsibilities , with a view to giving the occupation a more Iraqi face . This grouping was referred to as the Governing Council , and was made up of 25 Iraqis that were appointed by the CPA . Allawi was one of those selected to serve on the Governing Council , and held the position of Minister of Defence ( although his real responsibilities in that regard were limited considering Iraq remained under occupation ) . He held the rotating presidency of the interim governing council during October 2003 . In April 2004 , Allawi reportedly resigned as head of the IGC security committee over concerns of US bombing in Fallujah , according to a letter published in INAs newspaper . In December 2003 , he flew to CIA headquarters in Langley together with fellow INA official Nouri Badran to discuss detailed plans for setting up a domestic secret service . The agency was to be headed by Badran , a former Baathist who served Saddam as an ambassador until 1990 , and , controversially , recruited several agents for Saddams Mukhabarat . When the Iraqi National Intelligence Service was set up in March 2004 , its designated director was Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed al-Shehwani , another former Baathist exile with ties to INA . Interim Prime Minister . On May 28 , 2004 , he was elected unanimously by the Governing Council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States handover of sovereignty ( June 30 , 2004 ) until national elections , scheduled for early 2005 . Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq , Lakhdar Brahimi , The New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S . officials . ( In response to a question about the role of the U.S . in Allawis appointment , Brahimi replied : I sometimes say , Im sure he doesnt mind me saying that , Bremer is the dictator of Iraq . He has the money . He has the signature . Nothing happens without his agreement in this country. ) Two weeks later , Brahimi announced his resignation , due to great difficulties and frustration . At the time of his nomination , Allawi was often described in the US mainstream media as a moderate Shia , a member of Iraqs majority faith , chosen for his secular , national views . On June 28 , 2004 ( two days early ) , the U.S.-led coalition handed over power to Allawi and the Iraqi Interim Government , who were sworn in later that same day . After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment , Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions . In an interview with Dubai-based TV station Al Arabiya he said : As for the execution , that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly . Allawis government also wrote a new emergency regulation , which allows the executive branch to declare martial law , impose curfews and detain suspects . Paul Bremers aides said Allawi lacked the power to impose martial law , and Secretary of State Colin Powell warned that the U.S . would not support such a move . The last thing we want , says a senior U.S . official , is for the world to think were foisting a new strongman on Iraq . Though , in addition to the stick of martial law , the government planned to offer a carrot of a broad amnesty for insurgents who have taken up arms against the U.S.-led occupation forces . Allawi himself has made clear that his government will reach out to Iraqi insurgents who have fought the Coalition for patriotic motives while seeking to isolate and destroy foreign elements such as the network led by the Jordanian jihadist Musab al-Zarqawi . Allawi knew that both the Sunni insurgency and the one waged by supporters of Shiite firebrand Moqtada Sadr have significant popular support , while his own government has yet to win the loyalty of Iraqis . On July 18 , Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi . During the summer of 2004 , Allawi made several decisions seen as controversial at the time , but later worked in his interest as they demonstrated to Iraqis that Allawi did not favour one sect over another , and that he was a strong leader not afraid to use force to bring back the rule of law . Most notably , his decision to support the military incursions of both Najaf and Falluja made him extremely unpopular amongst some Iraqis at the time . He also announced the creation of General Security Directorate , a domestic spy agency , whose main role is to counteract terrorist groups and the Iraqi insurgency . Allawi led the Iraqi National Accord during the January 2005 Iraqi election . His campaign was mainly characterised by his attempt to combat the character assassination that was led by Iranian-sponsored groups . His campaign suffered when he visited the Imam Ali shrine in Najaf on December 4 , 2004 , where an unknown group attacked him . Allawi claimed that it was an assassination attempt . The INA came in at third place in the first elections , with 14% of the vote , which on a party versus coalition makes him head one of the largest represented parties . In the 2010 elections , Allawis list won the most votes and beat incumbent Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by 2 seats . Assassination attempt . On 3 December 2004 Rafik Yousef and two other men , all members of Ansar al-Islam were arrested , and later convicted , of planning to assassinate Allawi . In one tape in August 2004 , a speaker identified as Abu Anas al-Shami ( second man of Zarqawi and leader of Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad made up mostly by foreigners ) said the militants planned to kill Iraqi prime minister Ayad Allawi , soldiers and police officers . Post-Prime Ministership . In preparation for the next parliamentary elections that took place in Iraq in December 2005 , Allawi formed an alliance between many groups , including secular Sunni and Shia groups and the Iraqi Communist Party under one electoral list ( the Iraqi National List ) . The Iraqi National List was represented in the coalition government led by Nouri al-Maliki , but Allawi himself did not take a Cabinet post . The party eventually boycotted the government in 2007 . In preparation for upcoming national elections , Allawi formed a new coalition with leading Shia politician Iskander Witwit ( one of the leaders of the 1991 uprising against Saddam ) , Shia tribal Sheikh Hussein al-Shalan , the deputy Prime Minister Rafi al-Issawi , Sunni politician Saleh Mutlaq and Sunni Vice President Tariq al-Hashemi called the Iraqi National Movement . The 2010 parliamentary election ended with a weeks-long wait for an announcement of results by the Iraqi election commission . When the results finally came on March 26 , 2010 , Allawis Iraqiya bloc was declared the biggest winner of the parliamentary election with two seats more than Allawis rival al-Malikis party in the Assembly . He was appointed one of the three Vice Presidents of Iraq by new Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi on 8 September 2014 . On 11 August 2015 , the Parliament approved a reform package by Prime Minister al-Abadi that foresaw , among other measures , the elimination of the three vice president posts . However , following a lawsuit filed by fellow Vice President Usama al-Nujayfi , al-Maliki declared in September 2015 that he was still holding his office because removing the post was not in line with the Iraqi Constitution . Osama al-Nujaifi filed a complaint against the decision in November 2015 , calling it unconstitutional . On 10 October 2016 , the three posts of Vice Presidents were restored by the Supreme Court of Iraq which termed their abolition unconstitutional . Allawi stated on 17 April 2017 that he had received information from Iraqi and regional contacts knowledgeable about Iraq that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group was in talks with al-Qaeda about a possible alliance . He added that even if the group lost all of its territory , its insurgency in the form of sleeper cells will continue . Personal life . Allawi allegedly has faced several assassination attempts in England and throughout the Middle East , purportedly by agents of Saddams regime . According to Mossack Fonseca documents that came to light in the Panama Papers release by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2016 , Allawi had Mossack Fonseca supply a nominee director to stand in for him and shield his ownership of the Panama-registered company IMF Holdings . This company was dissolved in 2013 ; it had owned a $1.5 million house near London . A second offshore , Moonlight Estates , registered in the British Virgin Islands , also held a property in London on his behalf . His media contact confirmed his sole ownership of the two companies and of Foxwood Estates as well , saying IMF was set up to own real estate for security reasons based on legal advice following an assassination attempt , and added that any income from the properties was reported , and taxes paid promptly and on time . He is cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . External links . - Resources on Ayad Allawi - Op-Ed by Allawi published in NY Times November 2007 - Interview of Allawi with German Der Spiegel - in English - Opinion Editorial in Washington Post by Dr Allawi 18/08/2007 - Personal website of Dr . Ayad Allawi - A vision for all - - Ahlulbayt Television Network - Website of the National Iraqi List for Dec 15 2005 elections - Website of the Iraqi National Accord - Text of Allawis Speech to U.S . Congress , 23 September 2004 - Dow Jones Newswire , 24 January 2004 - Profile in The Guardian - Transcript of interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN , November 25 2007 - Profile on al-Jazeera - Profile in The Times - Profile in the New Yorker - Short biography on middleeastreference.org.uk - Profile at SourceWatch - Iraqi cleric slams war coverage under Allawi ( Monday 23 August 2004 , Aljazeera ) - The strongman of Baghdad ( 13 . November 2004 , The Spectator ) - Ayad Allawi on BBC Doha Debates , November 3 , 2007 , Doha , Qatar . |
[
"Prime Minister of the Iraqi Interim Government"
] | easy | What position did Ayad Allawi take from Jun 2004 to May 2005? | /wiki/Ayad_Allawi#P39#1 | Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ; born May 31 , 1944 ) is an Iraqi politician . He served as Vice President of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2018 . Previously he was interim Prime Minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 38th Prime Minister of Iraq ) in 2003 . A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years , Allawi , a Shia Muslim , became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council , which was established by U.S.-led coalition authorities following the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He became Iraqs first head of government since Saddam Hussein when the council dissolved on June 1 , 2004 and named him Prime Minister of the Iraqi Interim Government . His term as Prime Minister ended on April 7 , 2005 , after the selection of Islamic Dawa Party leader Ibrahim al-Jaafari by the newly elected transitional Iraqi National Assembly . A former Baathist , Allawi helped found the Iraqi National Accord , which today is an active political party . In the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the INA provided intelligence about alleged weapons of mass destruction to MI6 . Allawi has lived about half of his life in the UK . His wife and children still live in the UK for their security . He survived assassination attempts in 1978 , in 2004 , and on April 20 , 2005 . Allawis first name is sometimes rendered as Iyad or Eyad . Allawis early life . Allawi was born in 1944 to a prominent Shiite merchant family ; his grandfather helped to negotiate Iraqs independence from Britain and his father was an Iraqi Member of Parliament . He became involved in Baathism at a young age and organized against the government of Abdul Karim Qassim . In the 1960s , he studied at medical school in Baghdad at Baghdad University . Previously , he had attended high school and college at Baghdad College , a Catholic , Jesuit high school and college . He obtained his masters degree at University College in London and performed a residency at Guys Hospital . Allawi has three children , one of them , Hamza , studies in a school in Surrey . Allawi is related to Ahmed Chalabi , another prominent former exile who died in 2015 , through Chalabis sister . Former minister of trade Ali Allawi is Chalabis sisters son as well as Ayad Allawis cousin . The relationship between Chalabi and Allawi had been described as alternating between rivals and allies . In addition , Nouri Badran , interim Minister of Interior , is married to Iyad Allawis sister . He is also a cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . Early political career . In 1971 , he moved to London due to increasing differences with the Baath party and in order to continue his medical education . He resigned from the Baath party in 1975 , having decided that Saddam was exerting too much control over it . Allawi himself states that he remained active in the international Baathist movement , but had no ties to the Baath Partys Iraqi Regional Branch . At first Saddam , then Iraqs vice president , pressured Allawi , who was in contact with senior military and party officers that were increasingly critical of Saddam , to rejoin the Baath Party . In 1978 , friends told Allawi that his name was on a liquidation list . In February 1978 Allawi was awoken in bed one night by an intruder in his Surrey home , who proceeded to attack him with an axe . The intruder left , convinced that Allawi was dead as he lay in a pool of blood . He survived the attempted murder , and spent the next year in hospital recovering from his injuries . His first wife , Atour , was also wounded in the attack . It is presumed that the attack was an assassination attempt ordered by Saddam Hussein . He separated with his wife after mutual agreement . The Iraqi National Accord . While still recovering in hospital from the attack , Allawi started organising an opposition network to work against the government of Saddam Hussein . Through the 1980s he built this network , recruiting Iraqis while traveling as a businessman and for the UNDP . In December 1990 , Allawi announced the existence of the Iraqi National Accord ( INA ) . Six years later , using disillusioned Baathists in the military and government , it mounted an unsuccessful coup in Baghdad . One of Allawis allies in the INA was Salah Omar Al-Ali , a former member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and ambassador to the United Nations . The INA received open backing from the UK , Egypt , Jordan , Saudi Arabia , Turkey and the United States . The group consisted mainly of former military personnel who had defected from Saddam Husseins Iraq to instigate a military coup . Allawi established links and worked with the CIA in 1992 as a counterpoint to Chalabi , and because of the INAs links in the Baathist establishment . It is alleged Allawis INA organised attacks in Iraq . This campaign never posed a threat to Saddam Husseins rule , but was designed to test INAs capability to effect regime change . Though Saddams government claimed the attacks have caused up to 100 civilian deaths there are no true records of these statistics to date . A military coup was planned for 1996 , in which Iraqi generals were to lead their units against Baghdad and remove Saddam Hussein . The CIA supported the plot , code-named DBACHILLES , and added Iraqi officers that were not part of INA . The plan ended in disaster as it had been infiltrated by agents loyal to Saddam . US support was also questionable - requests by the CIA station chief in Amman for American air support were refused by the Clinton administration . Many participants were executed . Lands and factories belonging to the Allawi family were confiscated . Even their graveyard in Najaf was seized , although it was later returned . According to Allawi , his family lost $250M worth of assets . US support for INA continued , receiving $6 million in covert aid in 1996 and $5 million in 1995 ( according to books by David Wurmser as well as Andrew and Patrick Cockburn ) . The INA channelled the report from an Iraqi officer claiming that Iraq could deploy its supposed weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes to British Intelligence . This claim featured prominently in the September Dossier which the British government released in 2002 to gain public support for the Iraq invasion . In the aftermath of the war , the 45 minute claim was also at the heart of the confrontation between the British government and the BBC , and the death of David Kelly later examined by Lord Hutton . Giving evidence to the Hutton Inquiry , the head of MI6 Richard Dearlove suggested that the claim related to battlefield weapons rather than weapons of mass destruction . Post-Saddam . Shortly after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 , the Coalition Provisional Authority ( the CPA ) was established by the occupying forces in order to administer the country until sovereignty could be restored . The CPA decided to establish a grouping of senior Iraqi politicians to carry out some administrative responsibilities , with a view to giving the occupation a more Iraqi face . This grouping was referred to as the Governing Council , and was made up of 25 Iraqis that were appointed by the CPA . Allawi was one of those selected to serve on the Governing Council , and held the position of Minister of Defence ( although his real responsibilities in that regard were limited considering Iraq remained under occupation ) . He held the rotating presidency of the interim governing council during October 2003 . In April 2004 , Allawi reportedly resigned as head of the IGC security committee over concerns of US bombing in Fallujah , according to a letter published in INAs newspaper . In December 2003 , he flew to CIA headquarters in Langley together with fellow INA official Nouri Badran to discuss detailed plans for setting up a domestic secret service . The agency was to be headed by Badran , a former Baathist who served Saddam as an ambassador until 1990 , and , controversially , recruited several agents for Saddams Mukhabarat . When the Iraqi National Intelligence Service was set up in March 2004 , its designated director was Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed al-Shehwani , another former Baathist exile with ties to INA . Interim Prime Minister . On May 28 , 2004 , he was elected unanimously by the Governing Council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States handover of sovereignty ( June 30 , 2004 ) until national elections , scheduled for early 2005 . Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq , Lakhdar Brahimi , The New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S . officials . ( In response to a question about the role of the U.S . in Allawis appointment , Brahimi replied : I sometimes say , Im sure he doesnt mind me saying that , Bremer is the dictator of Iraq . He has the money . He has the signature . Nothing happens without his agreement in this country. ) Two weeks later , Brahimi announced his resignation , due to great difficulties and frustration . At the time of his nomination , Allawi was often described in the US mainstream media as a moderate Shia , a member of Iraqs majority faith , chosen for his secular , national views . On June 28 , 2004 ( two days early ) , the U.S.-led coalition handed over power to Allawi and the Iraqi Interim Government , who were sworn in later that same day . After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment , Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions . In an interview with Dubai-based TV station Al Arabiya he said : As for the execution , that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly . Allawis government also wrote a new emergency regulation , which allows the executive branch to declare martial law , impose curfews and detain suspects . Paul Bremers aides said Allawi lacked the power to impose martial law , and Secretary of State Colin Powell warned that the U.S . would not support such a move . The last thing we want , says a senior U.S . official , is for the world to think were foisting a new strongman on Iraq . Though , in addition to the stick of martial law , the government planned to offer a carrot of a broad amnesty for insurgents who have taken up arms against the U.S.-led occupation forces . Allawi himself has made clear that his government will reach out to Iraqi insurgents who have fought the Coalition for patriotic motives while seeking to isolate and destroy foreign elements such as the network led by the Jordanian jihadist Musab al-Zarqawi . Allawi knew that both the Sunni insurgency and the one waged by supporters of Shiite firebrand Moqtada Sadr have significant popular support , while his own government has yet to win the loyalty of Iraqis . On July 18 , Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi . During the summer of 2004 , Allawi made several decisions seen as controversial at the time , but later worked in his interest as they demonstrated to Iraqis that Allawi did not favour one sect over another , and that he was a strong leader not afraid to use force to bring back the rule of law . Most notably , his decision to support the military incursions of both Najaf and Falluja made him extremely unpopular amongst some Iraqis at the time . He also announced the creation of General Security Directorate , a domestic spy agency , whose main role is to counteract terrorist groups and the Iraqi insurgency . Allawi led the Iraqi National Accord during the January 2005 Iraqi election . His campaign was mainly characterised by his attempt to combat the character assassination that was led by Iranian-sponsored groups . His campaign suffered when he visited the Imam Ali shrine in Najaf on December 4 , 2004 , where an unknown group attacked him . Allawi claimed that it was an assassination attempt . The INA came in at third place in the first elections , with 14% of the vote , which on a party versus coalition makes him head one of the largest represented parties . In the 2010 elections , Allawis list won the most votes and beat incumbent Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by 2 seats . Assassination attempt . On 3 December 2004 Rafik Yousef and two other men , all members of Ansar al-Islam were arrested , and later convicted , of planning to assassinate Allawi . In one tape in August 2004 , a speaker identified as Abu Anas al-Shami ( second man of Zarqawi and leader of Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad made up mostly by foreigners ) said the militants planned to kill Iraqi prime minister Ayad Allawi , soldiers and police officers . Post-Prime Ministership . In preparation for the next parliamentary elections that took place in Iraq in December 2005 , Allawi formed an alliance between many groups , including secular Sunni and Shia groups and the Iraqi Communist Party under one electoral list ( the Iraqi National List ) . The Iraqi National List was represented in the coalition government led by Nouri al-Maliki , but Allawi himself did not take a Cabinet post . The party eventually boycotted the government in 2007 . In preparation for upcoming national elections , Allawi formed a new coalition with leading Shia politician Iskander Witwit ( one of the leaders of the 1991 uprising against Saddam ) , Shia tribal Sheikh Hussein al-Shalan , the deputy Prime Minister Rafi al-Issawi , Sunni politician Saleh Mutlaq and Sunni Vice President Tariq al-Hashemi called the Iraqi National Movement . The 2010 parliamentary election ended with a weeks-long wait for an announcement of results by the Iraqi election commission . When the results finally came on March 26 , 2010 , Allawis Iraqiya bloc was declared the biggest winner of the parliamentary election with two seats more than Allawis rival al-Malikis party in the Assembly . He was appointed one of the three Vice Presidents of Iraq by new Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi on 8 September 2014 . On 11 August 2015 , the Parliament approved a reform package by Prime Minister al-Abadi that foresaw , among other measures , the elimination of the three vice president posts . However , following a lawsuit filed by fellow Vice President Usama al-Nujayfi , al-Maliki declared in September 2015 that he was still holding his office because removing the post was not in line with the Iraqi Constitution . Osama al-Nujaifi filed a complaint against the decision in November 2015 , calling it unconstitutional . On 10 October 2016 , the three posts of Vice Presidents were restored by the Supreme Court of Iraq which termed their abolition unconstitutional . Allawi stated on 17 April 2017 that he had received information from Iraqi and regional contacts knowledgeable about Iraq that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group was in talks with al-Qaeda about a possible alliance . He added that even if the group lost all of its territory , its insurgency in the form of sleeper cells will continue . Personal life . Allawi allegedly has faced several assassination attempts in England and throughout the Middle East , purportedly by agents of Saddams regime . According to Mossack Fonseca documents that came to light in the Panama Papers release by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2016 , Allawi had Mossack Fonseca supply a nominee director to stand in for him and shield his ownership of the Panama-registered company IMF Holdings . This company was dissolved in 2013 ; it had owned a $1.5 million house near London . A second offshore , Moonlight Estates , registered in the British Virgin Islands , also held a property in London on his behalf . His media contact confirmed his sole ownership of the two companies and of Foxwood Estates as well , saying IMF was set up to own real estate for security reasons based on legal advice following an assassination attempt , and added that any income from the properties was reported , and taxes paid promptly and on time . He is cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . External links . - Resources on Ayad Allawi - Op-Ed by Allawi published in NY Times November 2007 - Interview of Allawi with German Der Spiegel - in English - Opinion Editorial in Washington Post by Dr Allawi 18/08/2007 - Personal website of Dr . Ayad Allawi - A vision for all - - Ahlulbayt Television Network - Website of the National Iraqi List for Dec 15 2005 elections - Website of the Iraqi National Accord - Text of Allawis Speech to U.S . Congress , 23 September 2004 - Dow Jones Newswire , 24 January 2004 - Profile in The Guardian - Transcript of interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN , November 25 2007 - Profile on al-Jazeera - Profile in The Times - Profile in the New Yorker - Short biography on middleeastreference.org.uk - Profile at SourceWatch - Iraqi cleric slams war coverage under Allawi ( Monday 23 August 2004 , Aljazeera ) - The strongman of Baghdad ( 13 . November 2004 , The Spectator ) - Ayad Allawi on BBC Doha Debates , November 3 , 2007 , Doha , Qatar . |
[
"Vice President of Iraq"
] | easy | What was the position of Ayad Allawi from Sep 2014 to Aug 2015? | /wiki/Ayad_Allawi#P39#2 | Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ; born May 31 , 1944 ) is an Iraqi politician . He served as Vice President of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2018 . Previously he was interim Prime Minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 38th Prime Minister of Iraq ) in 2003 . A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years , Allawi , a Shia Muslim , became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council , which was established by U.S.-led coalition authorities following the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He became Iraqs first head of government since Saddam Hussein when the council dissolved on June 1 , 2004 and named him Prime Minister of the Iraqi Interim Government . His term as Prime Minister ended on April 7 , 2005 , after the selection of Islamic Dawa Party leader Ibrahim al-Jaafari by the newly elected transitional Iraqi National Assembly . A former Baathist , Allawi helped found the Iraqi National Accord , which today is an active political party . In the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the INA provided intelligence about alleged weapons of mass destruction to MI6 . Allawi has lived about half of his life in the UK . His wife and children still live in the UK for their security . He survived assassination attempts in 1978 , in 2004 , and on April 20 , 2005 . Allawis first name is sometimes rendered as Iyad or Eyad . Allawis early life . Allawi was born in 1944 to a prominent Shiite merchant family ; his grandfather helped to negotiate Iraqs independence from Britain and his father was an Iraqi Member of Parliament . He became involved in Baathism at a young age and organized against the government of Abdul Karim Qassim . In the 1960s , he studied at medical school in Baghdad at Baghdad University . Previously , he had attended high school and college at Baghdad College , a Catholic , Jesuit high school and college . He obtained his masters degree at University College in London and performed a residency at Guys Hospital . Allawi has three children , one of them , Hamza , studies in a school in Surrey . Allawi is related to Ahmed Chalabi , another prominent former exile who died in 2015 , through Chalabis sister . Former minister of trade Ali Allawi is Chalabis sisters son as well as Ayad Allawis cousin . The relationship between Chalabi and Allawi had been described as alternating between rivals and allies . In addition , Nouri Badran , interim Minister of Interior , is married to Iyad Allawis sister . He is also a cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . Early political career . In 1971 , he moved to London due to increasing differences with the Baath party and in order to continue his medical education . He resigned from the Baath party in 1975 , having decided that Saddam was exerting too much control over it . Allawi himself states that he remained active in the international Baathist movement , but had no ties to the Baath Partys Iraqi Regional Branch . At first Saddam , then Iraqs vice president , pressured Allawi , who was in contact with senior military and party officers that were increasingly critical of Saddam , to rejoin the Baath Party . In 1978 , friends told Allawi that his name was on a liquidation list . In February 1978 Allawi was awoken in bed one night by an intruder in his Surrey home , who proceeded to attack him with an axe . The intruder left , convinced that Allawi was dead as he lay in a pool of blood . He survived the attempted murder , and spent the next year in hospital recovering from his injuries . His first wife , Atour , was also wounded in the attack . It is presumed that the attack was an assassination attempt ordered by Saddam Hussein . He separated with his wife after mutual agreement . The Iraqi National Accord . While still recovering in hospital from the attack , Allawi started organising an opposition network to work against the government of Saddam Hussein . Through the 1980s he built this network , recruiting Iraqis while traveling as a businessman and for the UNDP . In December 1990 , Allawi announced the existence of the Iraqi National Accord ( INA ) . Six years later , using disillusioned Baathists in the military and government , it mounted an unsuccessful coup in Baghdad . One of Allawis allies in the INA was Salah Omar Al-Ali , a former member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and ambassador to the United Nations . The INA received open backing from the UK , Egypt , Jordan , Saudi Arabia , Turkey and the United States . The group consisted mainly of former military personnel who had defected from Saddam Husseins Iraq to instigate a military coup . Allawi established links and worked with the CIA in 1992 as a counterpoint to Chalabi , and because of the INAs links in the Baathist establishment . It is alleged Allawis INA organised attacks in Iraq . This campaign never posed a threat to Saddam Husseins rule , but was designed to test INAs capability to effect regime change . Though Saddams government claimed the attacks have caused up to 100 civilian deaths there are no true records of these statistics to date . A military coup was planned for 1996 , in which Iraqi generals were to lead their units against Baghdad and remove Saddam Hussein . The CIA supported the plot , code-named DBACHILLES , and added Iraqi officers that were not part of INA . The plan ended in disaster as it had been infiltrated by agents loyal to Saddam . US support was also questionable - requests by the CIA station chief in Amman for American air support were refused by the Clinton administration . Many participants were executed . Lands and factories belonging to the Allawi family were confiscated . Even their graveyard in Najaf was seized , although it was later returned . According to Allawi , his family lost $250M worth of assets . US support for INA continued , receiving $6 million in covert aid in 1996 and $5 million in 1995 ( according to books by David Wurmser as well as Andrew and Patrick Cockburn ) . The INA channelled the report from an Iraqi officer claiming that Iraq could deploy its supposed weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes to British Intelligence . This claim featured prominently in the September Dossier which the British government released in 2002 to gain public support for the Iraq invasion . In the aftermath of the war , the 45 minute claim was also at the heart of the confrontation between the British government and the BBC , and the death of David Kelly later examined by Lord Hutton . Giving evidence to the Hutton Inquiry , the head of MI6 Richard Dearlove suggested that the claim related to battlefield weapons rather than weapons of mass destruction . Post-Saddam . Shortly after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 , the Coalition Provisional Authority ( the CPA ) was established by the occupying forces in order to administer the country until sovereignty could be restored . The CPA decided to establish a grouping of senior Iraqi politicians to carry out some administrative responsibilities , with a view to giving the occupation a more Iraqi face . This grouping was referred to as the Governing Council , and was made up of 25 Iraqis that were appointed by the CPA . Allawi was one of those selected to serve on the Governing Council , and held the position of Minister of Defence ( although his real responsibilities in that regard were limited considering Iraq remained under occupation ) . He held the rotating presidency of the interim governing council during October 2003 . In April 2004 , Allawi reportedly resigned as head of the IGC security committee over concerns of US bombing in Fallujah , according to a letter published in INAs newspaper . In December 2003 , he flew to CIA headquarters in Langley together with fellow INA official Nouri Badran to discuss detailed plans for setting up a domestic secret service . The agency was to be headed by Badran , a former Baathist who served Saddam as an ambassador until 1990 , and , controversially , recruited several agents for Saddams Mukhabarat . When the Iraqi National Intelligence Service was set up in March 2004 , its designated director was Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed al-Shehwani , another former Baathist exile with ties to INA . Interim Prime Minister . On May 28 , 2004 , he was elected unanimously by the Governing Council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States handover of sovereignty ( June 30 , 2004 ) until national elections , scheduled for early 2005 . Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq , Lakhdar Brahimi , The New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S . officials . ( In response to a question about the role of the U.S . in Allawis appointment , Brahimi replied : I sometimes say , Im sure he doesnt mind me saying that , Bremer is the dictator of Iraq . He has the money . He has the signature . Nothing happens without his agreement in this country. ) Two weeks later , Brahimi announced his resignation , due to great difficulties and frustration . At the time of his nomination , Allawi was often described in the US mainstream media as a moderate Shia , a member of Iraqs majority faith , chosen for his secular , national views . On June 28 , 2004 ( two days early ) , the U.S.-led coalition handed over power to Allawi and the Iraqi Interim Government , who were sworn in later that same day . After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment , Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions . In an interview with Dubai-based TV station Al Arabiya he said : As for the execution , that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly . Allawis government also wrote a new emergency regulation , which allows the executive branch to declare martial law , impose curfews and detain suspects . Paul Bremers aides said Allawi lacked the power to impose martial law , and Secretary of State Colin Powell warned that the U.S . would not support such a move . The last thing we want , says a senior U.S . official , is for the world to think were foisting a new strongman on Iraq . Though , in addition to the stick of martial law , the government planned to offer a carrot of a broad amnesty for insurgents who have taken up arms against the U.S.-led occupation forces . Allawi himself has made clear that his government will reach out to Iraqi insurgents who have fought the Coalition for patriotic motives while seeking to isolate and destroy foreign elements such as the network led by the Jordanian jihadist Musab al-Zarqawi . Allawi knew that both the Sunni insurgency and the one waged by supporters of Shiite firebrand Moqtada Sadr have significant popular support , while his own government has yet to win the loyalty of Iraqis . On July 18 , Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi . During the summer of 2004 , Allawi made several decisions seen as controversial at the time , but later worked in his interest as they demonstrated to Iraqis that Allawi did not favour one sect over another , and that he was a strong leader not afraid to use force to bring back the rule of law . Most notably , his decision to support the military incursions of both Najaf and Falluja made him extremely unpopular amongst some Iraqis at the time . He also announced the creation of General Security Directorate , a domestic spy agency , whose main role is to counteract terrorist groups and the Iraqi insurgency . Allawi led the Iraqi National Accord during the January 2005 Iraqi election . His campaign was mainly characterised by his attempt to combat the character assassination that was led by Iranian-sponsored groups . His campaign suffered when he visited the Imam Ali shrine in Najaf on December 4 , 2004 , where an unknown group attacked him . Allawi claimed that it was an assassination attempt . The INA came in at third place in the first elections , with 14% of the vote , which on a party versus coalition makes him head one of the largest represented parties . In the 2010 elections , Allawis list won the most votes and beat incumbent Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by 2 seats . Assassination attempt . On 3 December 2004 Rafik Yousef and two other men , all members of Ansar al-Islam were arrested , and later convicted , of planning to assassinate Allawi . In one tape in August 2004 , a speaker identified as Abu Anas al-Shami ( second man of Zarqawi and leader of Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad made up mostly by foreigners ) said the militants planned to kill Iraqi prime minister Ayad Allawi , soldiers and police officers . Post-Prime Ministership . In preparation for the next parliamentary elections that took place in Iraq in December 2005 , Allawi formed an alliance between many groups , including secular Sunni and Shia groups and the Iraqi Communist Party under one electoral list ( the Iraqi National List ) . The Iraqi National List was represented in the coalition government led by Nouri al-Maliki , but Allawi himself did not take a Cabinet post . The party eventually boycotted the government in 2007 . In preparation for upcoming national elections , Allawi formed a new coalition with leading Shia politician Iskander Witwit ( one of the leaders of the 1991 uprising against Saddam ) , Shia tribal Sheikh Hussein al-Shalan , the deputy Prime Minister Rafi al-Issawi , Sunni politician Saleh Mutlaq and Sunni Vice President Tariq al-Hashemi called the Iraqi National Movement . The 2010 parliamentary election ended with a weeks-long wait for an announcement of results by the Iraqi election commission . When the results finally came on March 26 , 2010 , Allawis Iraqiya bloc was declared the biggest winner of the parliamentary election with two seats more than Allawis rival al-Malikis party in the Assembly . He was appointed one of the three Vice Presidents of Iraq by new Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi on 8 September 2014 . On 11 August 2015 , the Parliament approved a reform package by Prime Minister al-Abadi that foresaw , among other measures , the elimination of the three vice president posts . However , following a lawsuit filed by fellow Vice President Usama al-Nujayfi , al-Maliki declared in September 2015 that he was still holding his office because removing the post was not in line with the Iraqi Constitution . Osama al-Nujaifi filed a complaint against the decision in November 2015 , calling it unconstitutional . On 10 October 2016 , the three posts of Vice Presidents were restored by the Supreme Court of Iraq which termed their abolition unconstitutional . Allawi stated on 17 April 2017 that he had received information from Iraqi and regional contacts knowledgeable about Iraq that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group was in talks with al-Qaeda about a possible alliance . He added that even if the group lost all of its territory , its insurgency in the form of sleeper cells will continue . Personal life . Allawi allegedly has faced several assassination attempts in England and throughout the Middle East , purportedly by agents of Saddams regime . According to Mossack Fonseca documents that came to light in the Panama Papers release by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2016 , Allawi had Mossack Fonseca supply a nominee director to stand in for him and shield his ownership of the Panama-registered company IMF Holdings . This company was dissolved in 2013 ; it had owned a $1.5 million house near London . A second offshore , Moonlight Estates , registered in the British Virgin Islands , also held a property in London on his behalf . His media contact confirmed his sole ownership of the two companies and of Foxwood Estates as well , saying IMF was set up to own real estate for security reasons based on legal advice following an assassination attempt , and added that any income from the properties was reported , and taxes paid promptly and on time . He is cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . External links . - Resources on Ayad Allawi - Op-Ed by Allawi published in NY Times November 2007 - Interview of Allawi with German Der Spiegel - in English - Opinion Editorial in Washington Post by Dr Allawi 18/08/2007 - Personal website of Dr . Ayad Allawi - A vision for all - - Ahlulbayt Television Network - Website of the National Iraqi List for Dec 15 2005 elections - Website of the Iraqi National Accord - Text of Allawis Speech to U.S . Congress , 23 September 2004 - Dow Jones Newswire , 24 January 2004 - Profile in The Guardian - Transcript of interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN , November 25 2007 - Profile on al-Jazeera - Profile in The Times - Profile in the New Yorker - Short biography on middleeastreference.org.uk - Profile at SourceWatch - Iraqi cleric slams war coverage under Allawi ( Monday 23 August 2004 , Aljazeera ) - The strongman of Baghdad ( 13 . November 2004 , The Spectator ) - Ayad Allawi on BBC Doha Debates , November 3 , 2007 , Doha , Qatar . |
[
""
] | easy | Which position did Ayad Allawi hold from Oct 2016 to Oct 2017? | /wiki/Ayad_Allawi#P39#3 | Ayad Allawi Ayad Allawi ( ; born May 31 , 1944 ) is an Iraqi politician . He served as Vice President of Iraq from 2014 to 2015 and from 2016 to 2018 . Previously he was interim Prime Minister of Iraq from 2004 to 2005 and the President of the Governing Council of Iraq ( 38th Prime Minister of Iraq ) in 2003 . A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years , Allawi , a Shia Muslim , became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council , which was established by U.S.-led coalition authorities following the 2003 invasion of Iraq . He became Iraqs first head of government since Saddam Hussein when the council dissolved on June 1 , 2004 and named him Prime Minister of the Iraqi Interim Government . His term as Prime Minister ended on April 7 , 2005 , after the selection of Islamic Dawa Party leader Ibrahim al-Jaafari by the newly elected transitional Iraqi National Assembly . A former Baathist , Allawi helped found the Iraqi National Accord , which today is an active political party . In the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq , the INA provided intelligence about alleged weapons of mass destruction to MI6 . Allawi has lived about half of his life in the UK . His wife and children still live in the UK for their security . He survived assassination attempts in 1978 , in 2004 , and on April 20 , 2005 . Allawis first name is sometimes rendered as Iyad or Eyad . Allawis early life . Allawi was born in 1944 to a prominent Shiite merchant family ; his grandfather helped to negotiate Iraqs independence from Britain and his father was an Iraqi Member of Parliament . He became involved in Baathism at a young age and organized against the government of Abdul Karim Qassim . In the 1960s , he studied at medical school in Baghdad at Baghdad University . Previously , he had attended high school and college at Baghdad College , a Catholic , Jesuit high school and college . He obtained his masters degree at University College in London and performed a residency at Guys Hospital . Allawi has three children , one of them , Hamza , studies in a school in Surrey . Allawi is related to Ahmed Chalabi , another prominent former exile who died in 2015 , through Chalabis sister . Former minister of trade Ali Allawi is Chalabis sisters son as well as Ayad Allawis cousin . The relationship between Chalabi and Allawi had been described as alternating between rivals and allies . In addition , Nouri Badran , interim Minister of Interior , is married to Iyad Allawis sister . He is also a cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . Early political career . In 1971 , he moved to London due to increasing differences with the Baath party and in order to continue his medical education . He resigned from the Baath party in 1975 , having decided that Saddam was exerting too much control over it . Allawi himself states that he remained active in the international Baathist movement , but had no ties to the Baath Partys Iraqi Regional Branch . At first Saddam , then Iraqs vice president , pressured Allawi , who was in contact with senior military and party officers that were increasingly critical of Saddam , to rejoin the Baath Party . In 1978 , friends told Allawi that his name was on a liquidation list . In February 1978 Allawi was awoken in bed one night by an intruder in his Surrey home , who proceeded to attack him with an axe . The intruder left , convinced that Allawi was dead as he lay in a pool of blood . He survived the attempted murder , and spent the next year in hospital recovering from his injuries . His first wife , Atour , was also wounded in the attack . It is presumed that the attack was an assassination attempt ordered by Saddam Hussein . He separated with his wife after mutual agreement . The Iraqi National Accord . While still recovering in hospital from the attack , Allawi started organising an opposition network to work against the government of Saddam Hussein . Through the 1980s he built this network , recruiting Iraqis while traveling as a businessman and for the UNDP . In December 1990 , Allawi announced the existence of the Iraqi National Accord ( INA ) . Six years later , using disillusioned Baathists in the military and government , it mounted an unsuccessful coup in Baghdad . One of Allawis allies in the INA was Salah Omar Al-Ali , a former member of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council and ambassador to the United Nations . The INA received open backing from the UK , Egypt , Jordan , Saudi Arabia , Turkey and the United States . The group consisted mainly of former military personnel who had defected from Saddam Husseins Iraq to instigate a military coup . Allawi established links and worked with the CIA in 1992 as a counterpoint to Chalabi , and because of the INAs links in the Baathist establishment . It is alleged Allawis INA organised attacks in Iraq . This campaign never posed a threat to Saddam Husseins rule , but was designed to test INAs capability to effect regime change . Though Saddams government claimed the attacks have caused up to 100 civilian deaths there are no true records of these statistics to date . A military coup was planned for 1996 , in which Iraqi generals were to lead their units against Baghdad and remove Saddam Hussein . The CIA supported the plot , code-named DBACHILLES , and added Iraqi officers that were not part of INA . The plan ended in disaster as it had been infiltrated by agents loyal to Saddam . US support was also questionable - requests by the CIA station chief in Amman for American air support were refused by the Clinton administration . Many participants were executed . Lands and factories belonging to the Allawi family were confiscated . Even their graveyard in Najaf was seized , although it was later returned . According to Allawi , his family lost $250M worth of assets . US support for INA continued , receiving $6 million in covert aid in 1996 and $5 million in 1995 ( according to books by David Wurmser as well as Andrew and Patrick Cockburn ) . The INA channelled the report from an Iraqi officer claiming that Iraq could deploy its supposed weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes to British Intelligence . This claim featured prominently in the September Dossier which the British government released in 2002 to gain public support for the Iraq invasion . In the aftermath of the war , the 45 minute claim was also at the heart of the confrontation between the British government and the BBC , and the death of David Kelly later examined by Lord Hutton . Giving evidence to the Hutton Inquiry , the head of MI6 Richard Dearlove suggested that the claim related to battlefield weapons rather than weapons of mass destruction . Post-Saddam . Shortly after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 , the Coalition Provisional Authority ( the CPA ) was established by the occupying forces in order to administer the country until sovereignty could be restored . The CPA decided to establish a grouping of senior Iraqi politicians to carry out some administrative responsibilities , with a view to giving the occupation a more Iraqi face . This grouping was referred to as the Governing Council , and was made up of 25 Iraqis that were appointed by the CPA . Allawi was one of those selected to serve on the Governing Council , and held the position of Minister of Defence ( although his real responsibilities in that regard were limited considering Iraq remained under occupation ) . He held the rotating presidency of the interim governing council during October 2003 . In April 2004 , Allawi reportedly resigned as head of the IGC security committee over concerns of US bombing in Fallujah , according to a letter published in INAs newspaper . In December 2003 , he flew to CIA headquarters in Langley together with fellow INA official Nouri Badran to discuss detailed plans for setting up a domestic secret service . The agency was to be headed by Badran , a former Baathist who served Saddam as an ambassador until 1990 , and , controversially , recruited several agents for Saddams Mukhabarat . When the Iraqi National Intelligence Service was set up in March 2004 , its designated director was Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed al-Shehwani , another former Baathist exile with ties to INA . Interim Prime Minister . On May 28 , 2004 , he was elected unanimously by the Governing Council to be the Interim Prime Minister of Iraq to govern the country beginning with the United States handover of sovereignty ( June 30 , 2004 ) until national elections , scheduled for early 2005 . Although many believe the decision was reached largely on the advice of United Nations special envoy to Iraq , Lakhdar Brahimi , The New York Times reported that Brahimi only endorsed him reluctantly after pressure from U.S . officials . ( In response to a question about the role of the U.S . in Allawis appointment , Brahimi replied : I sometimes say , Im sure he doesnt mind me saying that , Bremer is the dictator of Iraq . He has the money . He has the signature . Nothing happens without his agreement in this country. ) Two weeks later , Brahimi announced his resignation , due to great difficulties and frustration . At the time of his nomination , Allawi was often described in the US mainstream media as a moderate Shia , a member of Iraqs majority faith , chosen for his secular , national views . On June 28 , 2004 ( two days early ) , the U.S.-led coalition handed over power to Allawi and the Iraqi Interim Government , who were sworn in later that same day . After his interim government assumed legal custody of Saddam Hussein and re-introduced capital punishment , Allawi gave assurances that he would not interfere with the trial and would accept any court decisions . In an interview with Dubai-based TV station Al Arabiya he said : As for the execution , that is for the court to decide—so long as a decision is reached impartially and fairly . Allawis government also wrote a new emergency regulation , which allows the executive branch to declare martial law , impose curfews and detain suspects . Paul Bremers aides said Allawi lacked the power to impose martial law , and Secretary of State Colin Powell warned that the U.S . would not support such a move . The last thing we want , says a senior U.S . official , is for the world to think were foisting a new strongman on Iraq . Though , in addition to the stick of martial law , the government planned to offer a carrot of a broad amnesty for insurgents who have taken up arms against the U.S.-led occupation forces . Allawi himself has made clear that his government will reach out to Iraqi insurgents who have fought the Coalition for patriotic motives while seeking to isolate and destroy foreign elements such as the network led by the Jordanian jihadist Musab al-Zarqawi . Allawi knew that both the Sunni insurgency and the one waged by supporters of Shiite firebrand Moqtada Sadr have significant popular support , while his own government has yet to win the loyalty of Iraqis . On July 18 , Iraqi militants offered a $285,000 reward for anyone who could kill Iyad Allawi . During the summer of 2004 , Allawi made several decisions seen as controversial at the time , but later worked in his interest as they demonstrated to Iraqis that Allawi did not favour one sect over another , and that he was a strong leader not afraid to use force to bring back the rule of law . Most notably , his decision to support the military incursions of both Najaf and Falluja made him extremely unpopular amongst some Iraqis at the time . He also announced the creation of General Security Directorate , a domestic spy agency , whose main role is to counteract terrorist groups and the Iraqi insurgency . Allawi led the Iraqi National Accord during the January 2005 Iraqi election . His campaign was mainly characterised by his attempt to combat the character assassination that was led by Iranian-sponsored groups . His campaign suffered when he visited the Imam Ali shrine in Najaf on December 4 , 2004 , where an unknown group attacked him . Allawi claimed that it was an assassination attempt . The INA came in at third place in the first elections , with 14% of the vote , which on a party versus coalition makes him head one of the largest represented parties . In the 2010 elections , Allawis list won the most votes and beat incumbent Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki by 2 seats . Assassination attempt . On 3 December 2004 Rafik Yousef and two other men , all members of Ansar al-Islam were arrested , and later convicted , of planning to assassinate Allawi . In one tape in August 2004 , a speaker identified as Abu Anas al-Shami ( second man of Zarqawi and leader of Jamaat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad made up mostly by foreigners ) said the militants planned to kill Iraqi prime minister Ayad Allawi , soldiers and police officers . Post-Prime Ministership . In preparation for the next parliamentary elections that took place in Iraq in December 2005 , Allawi formed an alliance between many groups , including secular Sunni and Shia groups and the Iraqi Communist Party under one electoral list ( the Iraqi National List ) . The Iraqi National List was represented in the coalition government led by Nouri al-Maliki , but Allawi himself did not take a Cabinet post . The party eventually boycotted the government in 2007 . In preparation for upcoming national elections , Allawi formed a new coalition with leading Shia politician Iskander Witwit ( one of the leaders of the 1991 uprising against Saddam ) , Shia tribal Sheikh Hussein al-Shalan , the deputy Prime Minister Rafi al-Issawi , Sunni politician Saleh Mutlaq and Sunni Vice President Tariq al-Hashemi called the Iraqi National Movement . The 2010 parliamentary election ended with a weeks-long wait for an announcement of results by the Iraqi election commission . When the results finally came on March 26 , 2010 , Allawis Iraqiya bloc was declared the biggest winner of the parliamentary election with two seats more than Allawis rival al-Malikis party in the Assembly . He was appointed one of the three Vice Presidents of Iraq by new Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi on 8 September 2014 . On 11 August 2015 , the Parliament approved a reform package by Prime Minister al-Abadi that foresaw , among other measures , the elimination of the three vice president posts . However , following a lawsuit filed by fellow Vice President Usama al-Nujayfi , al-Maliki declared in September 2015 that he was still holding his office because removing the post was not in line with the Iraqi Constitution . Osama al-Nujaifi filed a complaint against the decision in November 2015 , calling it unconstitutional . On 10 October 2016 , the three posts of Vice Presidents were restored by the Supreme Court of Iraq which termed their abolition unconstitutional . Allawi stated on 17 April 2017 that he had received information from Iraqi and regional contacts knowledgeable about Iraq that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant group was in talks with al-Qaeda about a possible alliance . He added that even if the group lost all of its territory , its insurgency in the form of sleeper cells will continue . Personal life . Allawi allegedly has faced several assassination attempts in England and throughout the Middle East , purportedly by agents of Saddams regime . According to Mossack Fonseca documents that came to light in the Panama Papers release by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists in 2016 , Allawi had Mossack Fonseca supply a nominee director to stand in for him and shield his ownership of the Panama-registered company IMF Holdings . This company was dissolved in 2013 ; it had owned a $1.5 million house near London . A second offshore , Moonlight Estates , registered in the British Virgin Islands , also held a property in London on his behalf . His media contact confirmed his sole ownership of the two companies and of Foxwood Estates as well , saying IMF was set up to own real estate for security reasons based on legal advice following an assassination attempt , and added that any income from the properties was reported , and taxes paid promptly and on time . He is cousin of Mohammed Tawfiq Allawi . External links . - Resources on Ayad Allawi - Op-Ed by Allawi published in NY Times November 2007 - Interview of Allawi with German Der Spiegel - in English - Opinion Editorial in Washington Post by Dr Allawi 18/08/2007 - Personal website of Dr . Ayad Allawi - A vision for all - - Ahlulbayt Television Network - Website of the National Iraqi List for Dec 15 2005 elections - Website of the Iraqi National Accord - Text of Allawis Speech to U.S . Congress , 23 September 2004 - Dow Jones Newswire , 24 January 2004 - Profile in The Guardian - Transcript of interview with Wolf Blitzer on CNN , November 25 2007 - Profile on al-Jazeera - Profile in The Times - Profile in the New Yorker - Short biography on middleeastreference.org.uk - Profile at SourceWatch - Iraqi cleric slams war coverage under Allawi ( Monday 23 August 2004 , Aljazeera ) - The strongman of Baghdad ( 13 . November 2004 , The Spectator ) - Ayad Allawi on BBC Doha Debates , November 3 , 2007 , Doha , Qatar . |
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] | easy | Who was the spouse of Zhu De from 1905 to 1917? | /wiki/Zhu_De#P26#0 | Zhu De Zhu De ( ; also Chu Teh ; 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976 ) was a Chinese general , military strategist , politician , revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party . Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan , he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine . His wealthy uncle provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy . After the academy , he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord . It was after this period that he adopted communism . He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation . By the time China was under Maos control , Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Chinese Communist Party . He served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War . In 1955 he became one of the ten marshals of the Peoples Liberation Army , of which he is regarded as one of the principal founders . Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976 . As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress from 1975 to 1976 , Zhu was the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China . Life . Early life . Zhu was born on December 1 , 1886 , to a poor tenant farmers family in Hung , a town in Yilong County , a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan province . Of the 15 children born to the family only eight survived . His family relocated to Sichuan during the migration from Hunan province and Guangdong province . His origins are often given as Hakka , but Agnes Smedleys biography of him says his people came from Guangdong and speaks of Hakka as merely associates of his . She also says that older generations of his family had spoken the Kwangtung dialect ( which would be close to but probably different from modern Cantonese ) and that his generation also spoke Sichuanese , a distinct regional variant of Southwest Mandarin that is unintelligible to other speakers of Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ) . Despite his familys poverty , by pooling resources Zhu was chosen to be sent to a regional private school in 1892 . At age nine he was adopted by his prosperous uncle , whose political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy . He enrolled in a Sichuan high school around 1907 and graduated in 1908 . Subsequently , he returned to Yilongs primary school as a gym instructor . An advocate of modern science and political teaching rather than the strict classical education afforded by schools , he was dismissed from his post and entered the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming . There he joined the Beiyang Army and the Tongmenghui secret political society ( the forerunner of the Kuomintang ) . Nationalism and warlordism . At the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming , he first met Cai E ( Tsai Ao ) . He taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911 . Siding with the revolutionary forces after the Chinese Revolution , he joined Brig . Cai E in the October 1911 expeditionary force that marched on Qing forces in Sichuan . He served as a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai in 1915–16 . When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuans death in June 1916 , Zhu was made a brigade commander . Following the death of his mentor Cai E and of his first wife Xiao Jufang in 1916 , Zhu developed a severe opium habit that afflicted him for several years until 1922 , when he underwent treatment in Shanghai . His troops continued to support him , and so he consolidated his forces to become a warlord . In 1920 , after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibetan border , he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government . Around this time he decided to leave China for study in Europe . He first traveled to Shanghai , where he broke his opium habit and , according to historians of the Kuomintang , met Dr . Sun Yat-sen . He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922 , but was rejected for being a warlord . Converting to Communism . In late 1922 Zhu went to Berlin , along with his partner He Zhihua . He resided in Germany until 1925 , studying at one point at Göttingen University . Here he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests . Around this time he joined the Chinese Communist Party ; Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors ( having sponsors being a condition of probationary membership , the stage before actual membership ) . In July 1925 , after being expelled from Germany , he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs and Marxism at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East . While in Moscow He Zhihua gave birth to his only daughter , Zhu Min . Zhu returned to China in July 1926 to unsuccessfully persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the Northern Expedition . In 1927 , following the collapse of the First United Front , Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bochengs Nanchang Uprising . Having helped orchestrate the uprising , Zhu and his army defected from the Kuomintang . The uprising failed to gather support , however , and Zhu was forced to flee Nanchang with his army . Under the false name of Wang Kai , Zhu managed to find shelter for his remaining forces by joining warlord Fan Shisheng . Zhu-Mao . Zhus close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when , with the help of Chen Yi and Lin Biao , Zhu defected from Fan Shishengs protection and marched his army of 10,000 men to Jiangxi and the Jinggang Mountains . Here Mao had formed a soviet in 1927 , and Zhu began building up his army into the Red Army , consolidating and expanding the Soviet areas of control . The meeting , which happened on the Longjiang Bridge on April 28 , 1928 , was facilitated by Mao Zetan , who was Maos brother serving under Zhu . He carried a letter to his brother Mao Zedong where Zhu stated , We must unite forces and carry out a well-defined military and agrarian policy . This development became a turning point , with the merged forces forming the Fourth Red Army , with Zhu as Military Commander and Mao as Party representative . Zhus leadership made him a figure of immense prestige ; locals even credited him with supernatural abilities . During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely associated that to the local villagers they were known collectively as Zhu-Mao In 1929 , Zhu De and Mao Zedong were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin following military pressure from Chiang Kai-shek . Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet , which would eventually grow to cover some 30,000 square kilometers ( 11,584 square miles ) and include some three million people . In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in Ruijin by the CPC leadership . He successfully led a conventional military force against the Kuomintang in the lead-up to the Fourth Counter Encirclement Campaign ; However , he was not able to do the same during the Fifth Counter Encirclement Campaign and the CPC fled . Zhu helped form the 1934 break-out that began the Long March . Red Army leader . During the Long March Zhu and Zhou Enlai organized certain battles in tandem . There were few positive effects since the real power was in the hands of Bo Gu and Otto Braun . In the Zunyi Conference , Zhu supported Mao Zedongs criticisms of Bo and Braun . After the conference , Zhu cooperated with Mao and Zhou on military affairs . In July 1935 Zhu and Liu Bocheng were with the Fourth Red Army while Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with the First Red Army . When separation between the two divisions occurred , Zhu was forced by Zhang Guotao , the leader of Fourth Red Army , to go south . The Fourth Red Army barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province . Arriving in Yanan , Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao . During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War , he held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army and , in 1940 , Zhu , alongside Peng Dehuai , devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive . Initially , Mao supported this offensive . While a successful campaign , Mao later attributed it as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy later and used it to criticize Peng at the Lushan Conference . Later life . In 1949 Zhu was named Commander-in-Chief of the Peoples Liberation Army ( PLA ) . He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party ( 1956–1966 ) and Vice-Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China ( 1954–1959 ) . Zhu oversaw the PLA during the Korean War within his authority as Commander-in-Chief . In 1955 , he was conferred to the rank of marshal . At the Lushan Conference , he tried to protect Peng Dehuai , by giving some mild criticisms of Peng ; rather than denouncing him , he merely gently reproofed his targeted comrade , who was a target of Mao Zedong . Mao wasnt satisfied with Zhu Des behavior . After the conference , Zhu was dismissed from vice chairmen of Central Military Commission , not in least part due to his loyalty for the fallen Peng . In April 1969 , during the summit of the Cultural Revolution , Zhu was dismissed from his position on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China , and the activity of the National Peoples Congress was halted . In August 1969 , Lin Biao issued a command that dispatched important martial figures to distant areas due to the tension between China and Soviet Union , and Zhu De was driven to Guangzhou . In 1973 Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee . He continued to work as a statesman until his death on 6 July 1976 . His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai , and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong . Zhu was cremated three days later , and received a funeral days afterwards . Personal life . Marriage . Zhu De married four times , according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley . However , there is no evidence of his marrying the mother of his only daughter . His known relationships were with : - Xiao Jufang ( or Hsiao Chu-fen ) . Xiao was a fellow student of Zhus at Kunming Normal Institute ( ) . The pair married in 1912 . Xiao died of a fever in 1916 after giving birth to Zhus only son , Baozhu . - Chen Yuzhen ( ) . After the death of Xiao Jufang , Zhu was advised to find a mother for his infant son . He was introduced to Chen by friends in the military . Chen had participated in revolutionary activities in 1911 , as well as in 1916 . Chen reportedly set the condition that she would not marry unless her future husband proposed to her in person , which Zhu did . The two married in 1916 . Chen looked after the home , even building a study for Zhu and his scholarly friends to meet , which she furnished with pamphlets , books , and manifestos on the Russian October Revolution . In the spring of 1922 , Zhu left his home to visit the Sichuanese warlord Yang Sen . According to Agnes Smedleys biography , Zhu considered himself separated from Chen after leaving her and felt free to marry again , though there had been no formal divorce . Chen was killed by the Kuomintang in 1935 . - He Zhihua ( ) . He met Zhu in Shanghai and followed him to Germany in late 1922 . When Zhu was deported from Germany in 1925 , she was already pregnant and later gave birth in a village on the outskirts of Moscow . Zhu named the daughter Sixun ( ) , but relations between He and Zhu had diminished and she rejected his choice , naming the baby Feifei ( ) . He sent her daughter to live with her sister in Chengdu shortly after the birth . She then married Huo Jiaxin ( ) in the same year . He returned to Shanghai in 1928 . She reportedly betrayed wanted communists to the Kuomintang , before being blinded in a gun attack by Red Army soldiers that killed her husband . After this , she returned to Sichuan , dying of illness before 1949 . - Wu Ruolan ( or Wu Yu-lan ) . Wu was the daughter of an Intellectual from Jiuyantang ( ) in Hunan . Zhu met Wu after attacking Leiyang with the Peasants and Workers Army . They married in 1928 . In January 1929 , Zhu and Wu were encircled by Kuomintang troops at a temple in the Jinggang Mountains . Zhu escaped , but Wu was captured . She was executed by decapitation and her head was allegedly sent to Changsha for display . - Kang Keqing ( Kang Ke-ching or Kang Keh-chin ) . Zhu married Kang in 1929 when he was 43 . She was a member of the Red Army and also a peasant leader . Kang was highly studious and Zhu taught her to read and write before they married . Kang outlived him . Unlike most women who joined the Long March , she did not become part of the propaganda unit marching at the rear . Kang fought by the side of her husband , distinguishing herself as a combat soldier , a markswoman , and a troop leader . Children . - Zhu Baozhu ( ) was born in 1916 and later changed his name to Zhu Qi ( ) . He died in 1974 from illness . - Zhu Min ( ) was born in Moscow in April 1926 to He Zhihua ( ) . Zhu De named her Sixun ( ) , but she rejected this and choose Feifei ( ) . He Zhihua sent her daughter to her sister in Chengdu shortly after her birth , where she went by the name He Feifei ( ) . She pursued higher education in Moscow from 1949 to 1953 before teaching at Beijing Normal University . She died of illness in 2009 . Awards . - Chinese Soviet Republic |
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"Chen Yuzhen"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Zhu De from 1917 to 1928? | /wiki/Zhu_De#P26#1 | Zhu De Zhu De ( ; also Chu Teh ; 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976 ) was a Chinese general , military strategist , politician , revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party . Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan , he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine . His wealthy uncle provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy . After the academy , he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord . It was after this period that he adopted communism . He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation . By the time China was under Maos control , Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Chinese Communist Party . He served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War . In 1955 he became one of the ten marshals of the Peoples Liberation Army , of which he is regarded as one of the principal founders . Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976 . As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress from 1975 to 1976 , Zhu was the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China . Life . Early life . Zhu was born on December 1 , 1886 , to a poor tenant farmers family in Hung , a town in Yilong County , a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan province . Of the 15 children born to the family only eight survived . His family relocated to Sichuan during the migration from Hunan province and Guangdong province . His origins are often given as Hakka , but Agnes Smedleys biography of him says his people came from Guangdong and speaks of Hakka as merely associates of his . She also says that older generations of his family had spoken the Kwangtung dialect ( which would be close to but probably different from modern Cantonese ) and that his generation also spoke Sichuanese , a distinct regional variant of Southwest Mandarin that is unintelligible to other speakers of Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ) . Despite his familys poverty , by pooling resources Zhu was chosen to be sent to a regional private school in 1892 . At age nine he was adopted by his prosperous uncle , whose political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy . He enrolled in a Sichuan high school around 1907 and graduated in 1908 . Subsequently , he returned to Yilongs primary school as a gym instructor . An advocate of modern science and political teaching rather than the strict classical education afforded by schools , he was dismissed from his post and entered the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming . There he joined the Beiyang Army and the Tongmenghui secret political society ( the forerunner of the Kuomintang ) . Nationalism and warlordism . At the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming , he first met Cai E ( Tsai Ao ) . He taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911 . Siding with the revolutionary forces after the Chinese Revolution , he joined Brig . Cai E in the October 1911 expeditionary force that marched on Qing forces in Sichuan . He served as a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai in 1915–16 . When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuans death in June 1916 , Zhu was made a brigade commander . Following the death of his mentor Cai E and of his first wife Xiao Jufang in 1916 , Zhu developed a severe opium habit that afflicted him for several years until 1922 , when he underwent treatment in Shanghai . His troops continued to support him , and so he consolidated his forces to become a warlord . In 1920 , after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibetan border , he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government . Around this time he decided to leave China for study in Europe . He first traveled to Shanghai , where he broke his opium habit and , according to historians of the Kuomintang , met Dr . Sun Yat-sen . He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922 , but was rejected for being a warlord . Converting to Communism . In late 1922 Zhu went to Berlin , along with his partner He Zhihua . He resided in Germany until 1925 , studying at one point at Göttingen University . Here he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests . Around this time he joined the Chinese Communist Party ; Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors ( having sponsors being a condition of probationary membership , the stage before actual membership ) . In July 1925 , after being expelled from Germany , he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs and Marxism at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East . While in Moscow He Zhihua gave birth to his only daughter , Zhu Min . Zhu returned to China in July 1926 to unsuccessfully persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the Northern Expedition . In 1927 , following the collapse of the First United Front , Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bochengs Nanchang Uprising . Having helped orchestrate the uprising , Zhu and his army defected from the Kuomintang . The uprising failed to gather support , however , and Zhu was forced to flee Nanchang with his army . Under the false name of Wang Kai , Zhu managed to find shelter for his remaining forces by joining warlord Fan Shisheng . Zhu-Mao . Zhus close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when , with the help of Chen Yi and Lin Biao , Zhu defected from Fan Shishengs protection and marched his army of 10,000 men to Jiangxi and the Jinggang Mountains . Here Mao had formed a soviet in 1927 , and Zhu began building up his army into the Red Army , consolidating and expanding the Soviet areas of control . The meeting , which happened on the Longjiang Bridge on April 28 , 1928 , was facilitated by Mao Zetan , who was Maos brother serving under Zhu . He carried a letter to his brother Mao Zedong where Zhu stated , We must unite forces and carry out a well-defined military and agrarian policy . This development became a turning point , with the merged forces forming the Fourth Red Army , with Zhu as Military Commander and Mao as Party representative . Zhus leadership made him a figure of immense prestige ; locals even credited him with supernatural abilities . During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely associated that to the local villagers they were known collectively as Zhu-Mao In 1929 , Zhu De and Mao Zedong were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin following military pressure from Chiang Kai-shek . Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet , which would eventually grow to cover some 30,000 square kilometers ( 11,584 square miles ) and include some three million people . In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in Ruijin by the CPC leadership . He successfully led a conventional military force against the Kuomintang in the lead-up to the Fourth Counter Encirclement Campaign ; However , he was not able to do the same during the Fifth Counter Encirclement Campaign and the CPC fled . Zhu helped form the 1934 break-out that began the Long March . Red Army leader . During the Long March Zhu and Zhou Enlai organized certain battles in tandem . There were few positive effects since the real power was in the hands of Bo Gu and Otto Braun . In the Zunyi Conference , Zhu supported Mao Zedongs criticisms of Bo and Braun . After the conference , Zhu cooperated with Mao and Zhou on military affairs . In July 1935 Zhu and Liu Bocheng were with the Fourth Red Army while Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with the First Red Army . When separation between the two divisions occurred , Zhu was forced by Zhang Guotao , the leader of Fourth Red Army , to go south . The Fourth Red Army barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province . Arriving in Yanan , Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao . During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War , he held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army and , in 1940 , Zhu , alongside Peng Dehuai , devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive . Initially , Mao supported this offensive . While a successful campaign , Mao later attributed it as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy later and used it to criticize Peng at the Lushan Conference . Later life . In 1949 Zhu was named Commander-in-Chief of the Peoples Liberation Army ( PLA ) . He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party ( 1956–1966 ) and Vice-Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China ( 1954–1959 ) . Zhu oversaw the PLA during the Korean War within his authority as Commander-in-Chief . In 1955 , he was conferred to the rank of marshal . At the Lushan Conference , he tried to protect Peng Dehuai , by giving some mild criticisms of Peng ; rather than denouncing him , he merely gently reproofed his targeted comrade , who was a target of Mao Zedong . Mao wasnt satisfied with Zhu Des behavior . After the conference , Zhu was dismissed from vice chairmen of Central Military Commission , not in least part due to his loyalty for the fallen Peng . In April 1969 , during the summit of the Cultural Revolution , Zhu was dismissed from his position on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China , and the activity of the National Peoples Congress was halted . In August 1969 , Lin Biao issued a command that dispatched important martial figures to distant areas due to the tension between China and Soviet Union , and Zhu De was driven to Guangzhou . In 1973 Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee . He continued to work as a statesman until his death on 6 July 1976 . His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai , and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong . Zhu was cremated three days later , and received a funeral days afterwards . Personal life . Marriage . Zhu De married four times , according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley . However , there is no evidence of his marrying the mother of his only daughter . His known relationships were with : - Xiao Jufang ( or Hsiao Chu-fen ) . Xiao was a fellow student of Zhus at Kunming Normal Institute ( ) . The pair married in 1912 . Xiao died of a fever in 1916 after giving birth to Zhus only son , Baozhu . - Chen Yuzhen ( ) . After the death of Xiao Jufang , Zhu was advised to find a mother for his infant son . He was introduced to Chen by friends in the military . Chen had participated in revolutionary activities in 1911 , as well as in 1916 . Chen reportedly set the condition that she would not marry unless her future husband proposed to her in person , which Zhu did . The two married in 1916 . Chen looked after the home , even building a study for Zhu and his scholarly friends to meet , which she furnished with pamphlets , books , and manifestos on the Russian October Revolution . In the spring of 1922 , Zhu left his home to visit the Sichuanese warlord Yang Sen . According to Agnes Smedleys biography , Zhu considered himself separated from Chen after leaving her and felt free to marry again , though there had been no formal divorce . Chen was killed by the Kuomintang in 1935 . - He Zhihua ( ) . He met Zhu in Shanghai and followed him to Germany in late 1922 . When Zhu was deported from Germany in 1925 , she was already pregnant and later gave birth in a village on the outskirts of Moscow . Zhu named the daughter Sixun ( ) , but relations between He and Zhu had diminished and she rejected his choice , naming the baby Feifei ( ) . He sent her daughter to live with her sister in Chengdu shortly after the birth . She then married Huo Jiaxin ( ) in the same year . He returned to Shanghai in 1928 . She reportedly betrayed wanted communists to the Kuomintang , before being blinded in a gun attack by Red Army soldiers that killed her husband . After this , she returned to Sichuan , dying of illness before 1949 . - Wu Ruolan ( or Wu Yu-lan ) . Wu was the daughter of an Intellectual from Jiuyantang ( ) in Hunan . Zhu met Wu after attacking Leiyang with the Peasants and Workers Army . They married in 1928 . In January 1929 , Zhu and Wu were encircled by Kuomintang troops at a temple in the Jinggang Mountains . Zhu escaped , but Wu was captured . She was executed by decapitation and her head was allegedly sent to Changsha for display . - Kang Keqing ( Kang Ke-ching or Kang Keh-chin ) . Zhu married Kang in 1929 when he was 43 . She was a member of the Red Army and also a peasant leader . Kang was highly studious and Zhu taught her to read and write before they married . Kang outlived him . Unlike most women who joined the Long March , she did not become part of the propaganda unit marching at the rear . Kang fought by the side of her husband , distinguishing herself as a combat soldier , a markswoman , and a troop leader . Children . - Zhu Baozhu ( ) was born in 1916 and later changed his name to Zhu Qi ( ) . He died in 1974 from illness . - Zhu Min ( ) was born in Moscow in April 1926 to He Zhihua ( ) . Zhu De named her Sixun ( ) , but she rejected this and choose Feifei ( ) . He Zhihua sent her daughter to her sister in Chengdu shortly after her birth , where she went by the name He Feifei ( ) . She pursued higher education in Moscow from 1949 to 1953 before teaching at Beijing Normal University . She died of illness in 2009 . Awards . - Chinese Soviet Republic |
[
"Wu Ruolan"
] | easy | Who was Zhu De 's spouse from 1928 to 1929? | /wiki/Zhu_De#P26#2 | Zhu De Zhu De ( ; also Chu Teh ; 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976 ) was a Chinese general , military strategist , politician , revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party . Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan , he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine . His wealthy uncle provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy . After the academy , he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord . It was after this period that he adopted communism . He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation . By the time China was under Maos control , Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Chinese Communist Party . He served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War . In 1955 he became one of the ten marshals of the Peoples Liberation Army , of which he is regarded as one of the principal founders . Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976 . As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress from 1975 to 1976 , Zhu was the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China . Life . Early life . Zhu was born on December 1 , 1886 , to a poor tenant farmers family in Hung , a town in Yilong County , a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan province . Of the 15 children born to the family only eight survived . His family relocated to Sichuan during the migration from Hunan province and Guangdong province . His origins are often given as Hakka , but Agnes Smedleys biography of him says his people came from Guangdong and speaks of Hakka as merely associates of his . She also says that older generations of his family had spoken the Kwangtung dialect ( which would be close to but probably different from modern Cantonese ) and that his generation also spoke Sichuanese , a distinct regional variant of Southwest Mandarin that is unintelligible to other speakers of Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ) . Despite his familys poverty , by pooling resources Zhu was chosen to be sent to a regional private school in 1892 . At age nine he was adopted by his prosperous uncle , whose political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy . He enrolled in a Sichuan high school around 1907 and graduated in 1908 . Subsequently , he returned to Yilongs primary school as a gym instructor . An advocate of modern science and political teaching rather than the strict classical education afforded by schools , he was dismissed from his post and entered the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming . There he joined the Beiyang Army and the Tongmenghui secret political society ( the forerunner of the Kuomintang ) . Nationalism and warlordism . At the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming , he first met Cai E ( Tsai Ao ) . He taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911 . Siding with the revolutionary forces after the Chinese Revolution , he joined Brig . Cai E in the October 1911 expeditionary force that marched on Qing forces in Sichuan . He served as a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai in 1915–16 . When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuans death in June 1916 , Zhu was made a brigade commander . Following the death of his mentor Cai E and of his first wife Xiao Jufang in 1916 , Zhu developed a severe opium habit that afflicted him for several years until 1922 , when he underwent treatment in Shanghai . His troops continued to support him , and so he consolidated his forces to become a warlord . In 1920 , after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibetan border , he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government . Around this time he decided to leave China for study in Europe . He first traveled to Shanghai , where he broke his opium habit and , according to historians of the Kuomintang , met Dr . Sun Yat-sen . He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922 , but was rejected for being a warlord . Converting to Communism . In late 1922 Zhu went to Berlin , along with his partner He Zhihua . He resided in Germany until 1925 , studying at one point at Göttingen University . Here he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests . Around this time he joined the Chinese Communist Party ; Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors ( having sponsors being a condition of probationary membership , the stage before actual membership ) . In July 1925 , after being expelled from Germany , he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs and Marxism at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East . While in Moscow He Zhihua gave birth to his only daughter , Zhu Min . Zhu returned to China in July 1926 to unsuccessfully persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the Northern Expedition . In 1927 , following the collapse of the First United Front , Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bochengs Nanchang Uprising . Having helped orchestrate the uprising , Zhu and his army defected from the Kuomintang . The uprising failed to gather support , however , and Zhu was forced to flee Nanchang with his army . Under the false name of Wang Kai , Zhu managed to find shelter for his remaining forces by joining warlord Fan Shisheng . Zhu-Mao . Zhus close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when , with the help of Chen Yi and Lin Biao , Zhu defected from Fan Shishengs protection and marched his army of 10,000 men to Jiangxi and the Jinggang Mountains . Here Mao had formed a soviet in 1927 , and Zhu began building up his army into the Red Army , consolidating and expanding the Soviet areas of control . The meeting , which happened on the Longjiang Bridge on April 28 , 1928 , was facilitated by Mao Zetan , who was Maos brother serving under Zhu . He carried a letter to his brother Mao Zedong where Zhu stated , We must unite forces and carry out a well-defined military and agrarian policy . This development became a turning point , with the merged forces forming the Fourth Red Army , with Zhu as Military Commander and Mao as Party representative . Zhus leadership made him a figure of immense prestige ; locals even credited him with supernatural abilities . During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely associated that to the local villagers they were known collectively as Zhu-Mao In 1929 , Zhu De and Mao Zedong were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin following military pressure from Chiang Kai-shek . Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet , which would eventually grow to cover some 30,000 square kilometers ( 11,584 square miles ) and include some three million people . In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in Ruijin by the CPC leadership . He successfully led a conventional military force against the Kuomintang in the lead-up to the Fourth Counter Encirclement Campaign ; However , he was not able to do the same during the Fifth Counter Encirclement Campaign and the CPC fled . Zhu helped form the 1934 break-out that began the Long March . Red Army leader . During the Long March Zhu and Zhou Enlai organized certain battles in tandem . There were few positive effects since the real power was in the hands of Bo Gu and Otto Braun . In the Zunyi Conference , Zhu supported Mao Zedongs criticisms of Bo and Braun . After the conference , Zhu cooperated with Mao and Zhou on military affairs . In July 1935 Zhu and Liu Bocheng were with the Fourth Red Army while Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with the First Red Army . When separation between the two divisions occurred , Zhu was forced by Zhang Guotao , the leader of Fourth Red Army , to go south . The Fourth Red Army barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province . Arriving in Yanan , Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao . During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War , he held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army and , in 1940 , Zhu , alongside Peng Dehuai , devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive . Initially , Mao supported this offensive . While a successful campaign , Mao later attributed it as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy later and used it to criticize Peng at the Lushan Conference . Later life . In 1949 Zhu was named Commander-in-Chief of the Peoples Liberation Army ( PLA ) . He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party ( 1956–1966 ) and Vice-Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China ( 1954–1959 ) . Zhu oversaw the PLA during the Korean War within his authority as Commander-in-Chief . In 1955 , he was conferred to the rank of marshal . At the Lushan Conference , he tried to protect Peng Dehuai , by giving some mild criticisms of Peng ; rather than denouncing him , he merely gently reproofed his targeted comrade , who was a target of Mao Zedong . Mao wasnt satisfied with Zhu Des behavior . After the conference , Zhu was dismissed from vice chairmen of Central Military Commission , not in least part due to his loyalty for the fallen Peng . In April 1969 , during the summit of the Cultural Revolution , Zhu was dismissed from his position on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China , and the activity of the National Peoples Congress was halted . In August 1969 , Lin Biao issued a command that dispatched important martial figures to distant areas due to the tension between China and Soviet Union , and Zhu De was driven to Guangzhou . In 1973 Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee . He continued to work as a statesman until his death on 6 July 1976 . His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai , and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong . Zhu was cremated three days later , and received a funeral days afterwards . Personal life . Marriage . Zhu De married four times , according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley . However , there is no evidence of his marrying the mother of his only daughter . His known relationships were with : - Xiao Jufang ( or Hsiao Chu-fen ) . Xiao was a fellow student of Zhus at Kunming Normal Institute ( ) . The pair married in 1912 . Xiao died of a fever in 1916 after giving birth to Zhus only son , Baozhu . - Chen Yuzhen ( ) . After the death of Xiao Jufang , Zhu was advised to find a mother for his infant son . He was introduced to Chen by friends in the military . Chen had participated in revolutionary activities in 1911 , as well as in 1916 . Chen reportedly set the condition that she would not marry unless her future husband proposed to her in person , which Zhu did . The two married in 1916 . Chen looked after the home , even building a study for Zhu and his scholarly friends to meet , which she furnished with pamphlets , books , and manifestos on the Russian October Revolution . In the spring of 1922 , Zhu left his home to visit the Sichuanese warlord Yang Sen . According to Agnes Smedleys biography , Zhu considered himself separated from Chen after leaving her and felt free to marry again , though there had been no formal divorce . Chen was killed by the Kuomintang in 1935 . - He Zhihua ( ) . He met Zhu in Shanghai and followed him to Germany in late 1922 . When Zhu was deported from Germany in 1925 , she was already pregnant and later gave birth in a village on the outskirts of Moscow . Zhu named the daughter Sixun ( ) , but relations between He and Zhu had diminished and she rejected his choice , naming the baby Feifei ( ) . He sent her daughter to live with her sister in Chengdu shortly after the birth . She then married Huo Jiaxin ( ) in the same year . He returned to Shanghai in 1928 . She reportedly betrayed wanted communists to the Kuomintang , before being blinded in a gun attack by Red Army soldiers that killed her husband . After this , she returned to Sichuan , dying of illness before 1949 . - Wu Ruolan ( or Wu Yu-lan ) . Wu was the daughter of an Intellectual from Jiuyantang ( ) in Hunan . Zhu met Wu after attacking Leiyang with the Peasants and Workers Army . They married in 1928 . In January 1929 , Zhu and Wu were encircled by Kuomintang troops at a temple in the Jinggang Mountains . Zhu escaped , but Wu was captured . She was executed by decapitation and her head was allegedly sent to Changsha for display . - Kang Keqing ( Kang Ke-ching or Kang Keh-chin ) . Zhu married Kang in 1929 when he was 43 . She was a member of the Red Army and also a peasant leader . Kang was highly studious and Zhu taught her to read and write before they married . Kang outlived him . Unlike most women who joined the Long March , she did not become part of the propaganda unit marching at the rear . Kang fought by the side of her husband , distinguishing herself as a combat soldier , a markswoman , and a troop leader . Children . - Zhu Baozhu ( ) was born in 1916 and later changed his name to Zhu Qi ( ) . He died in 1974 from illness . - Zhu Min ( ) was born in Moscow in April 1926 to He Zhihua ( ) . Zhu De named her Sixun ( ) , but she rejected this and choose Feifei ( ) . He Zhihua sent her daughter to her sister in Chengdu shortly after her birth , where she went by the name He Feifei ( ) . She pursued higher education in Moscow from 1949 to 1953 before teaching at Beijing Normal University . She died of illness in 2009 . Awards . - Chinese Soviet Republic |
[
"Kang Keqing"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Zhu De from 1929 to Jul 1976? | /wiki/Zhu_De#P26#3 | Zhu De Zhu De ( ; also Chu Teh ; 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976 ) was a Chinese general , military strategist , politician , revolutionary of the Chinese Communist Party . Born poor in 1886 in Sichuan , he was adopted by a wealthy uncle at age nine . His wealthy uncle provided him a superior early education that led to his admission into a military academy . After the academy , he joined a rebel army and soon became a warlord . It was after this period that he adopted communism . He ascended through the ranks of the Chinese Red Army as it closed in on securing the nation . By the time China was under Maos control , Zhu was a high-ranking official within the Chinese Communist Party . He served as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War . In 1955 he became one of the ten marshals of the Peoples Liberation Army , of which he is regarded as one of the principal founders . Zhu remained a prominent political figure until his death in 1976 . As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress from 1975 to 1976 , Zhu was the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China . Life . Early life . Zhu was born on December 1 , 1886 , to a poor tenant farmers family in Hung , a town in Yilong County , a hilly and isolated part of northern Sichuan province . Of the 15 children born to the family only eight survived . His family relocated to Sichuan during the migration from Hunan province and Guangdong province . His origins are often given as Hakka , but Agnes Smedleys biography of him says his people came from Guangdong and speaks of Hakka as merely associates of his . She also says that older generations of his family had spoken the Kwangtung dialect ( which would be close to but probably different from modern Cantonese ) and that his generation also spoke Sichuanese , a distinct regional variant of Southwest Mandarin that is unintelligible to other speakers of Standard Chinese ( Mandarin ) . Despite his familys poverty , by pooling resources Zhu was chosen to be sent to a regional private school in 1892 . At age nine he was adopted by his prosperous uncle , whose political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy . He enrolled in a Sichuan high school around 1907 and graduated in 1908 . Subsequently , he returned to Yilongs primary school as a gym instructor . An advocate of modern science and political teaching rather than the strict classical education afforded by schools , he was dismissed from his post and entered the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming . There he joined the Beiyang Army and the Tongmenghui secret political society ( the forerunner of the Kuomintang ) . Nationalism and warlordism . At the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming , he first met Cai E ( Tsai Ao ) . He taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911 . Siding with the revolutionary forces after the Chinese Revolution , he joined Brig . Cai E in the October 1911 expeditionary force that marched on Qing forces in Sichuan . He served as a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai in 1915–16 . When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuans death in June 1916 , Zhu was made a brigade commander . Following the death of his mentor Cai E and of his first wife Xiao Jufang in 1916 , Zhu developed a severe opium habit that afflicted him for several years until 1922 , when he underwent treatment in Shanghai . His troops continued to support him , and so he consolidated his forces to become a warlord . In 1920 , after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibetan border , he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government . Around this time he decided to leave China for study in Europe . He first traveled to Shanghai , where he broke his opium habit and , according to historians of the Kuomintang , met Dr . Sun Yat-sen . He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922 , but was rejected for being a warlord . Converting to Communism . In late 1922 Zhu went to Berlin , along with his partner He Zhihua . He resided in Germany until 1925 , studying at one point at Göttingen University . Here he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from Germany for his role in a number of student protests . Around this time he joined the Chinese Communist Party ; Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors ( having sponsors being a condition of probationary membership , the stage before actual membership ) . In July 1925 , after being expelled from Germany , he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs and Marxism at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East . While in Moscow He Zhihua gave birth to his only daughter , Zhu Min . Zhu returned to China in July 1926 to unsuccessfully persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the Northern Expedition . In 1927 , following the collapse of the First United Front , Kuomintang authorities ordered Zhu to lead a force against Zhou Enlai and Liu Bochengs Nanchang Uprising . Having helped orchestrate the uprising , Zhu and his army defected from the Kuomintang . The uprising failed to gather support , however , and Zhu was forced to flee Nanchang with his army . Under the false name of Wang Kai , Zhu managed to find shelter for his remaining forces by joining warlord Fan Shisheng . Zhu-Mao . Zhus close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when , with the help of Chen Yi and Lin Biao , Zhu defected from Fan Shishengs protection and marched his army of 10,000 men to Jiangxi and the Jinggang Mountains . Here Mao had formed a soviet in 1927 , and Zhu began building up his army into the Red Army , consolidating and expanding the Soviet areas of control . The meeting , which happened on the Longjiang Bridge on April 28 , 1928 , was facilitated by Mao Zetan , who was Maos brother serving under Zhu . He carried a letter to his brother Mao Zedong where Zhu stated , We must unite forces and carry out a well-defined military and agrarian policy . This development became a turning point , with the merged forces forming the Fourth Red Army , with Zhu as Military Commander and Mao as Party representative . Zhus leadership made him a figure of immense prestige ; locals even credited him with supernatural abilities . During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely associated that to the local villagers they were known collectively as Zhu-Mao In 1929 , Zhu De and Mao Zedong were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin following military pressure from Chiang Kai-shek . Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet , which would eventually grow to cover some 30,000 square kilometers ( 11,584 square miles ) and include some three million people . In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in Ruijin by the CPC leadership . He successfully led a conventional military force against the Kuomintang in the lead-up to the Fourth Counter Encirclement Campaign ; However , he was not able to do the same during the Fifth Counter Encirclement Campaign and the CPC fled . Zhu helped form the 1934 break-out that began the Long March . Red Army leader . During the Long March Zhu and Zhou Enlai organized certain battles in tandem . There were few positive effects since the real power was in the hands of Bo Gu and Otto Braun . In the Zunyi Conference , Zhu supported Mao Zedongs criticisms of Bo and Braun . After the conference , Zhu cooperated with Mao and Zhou on military affairs . In July 1935 Zhu and Liu Bocheng were with the Fourth Red Army while Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai with the First Red Army . When separation between the two divisions occurred , Zhu was forced by Zhang Guotao , the leader of Fourth Red Army , to go south . The Fourth Red Army barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province . Arriving in Yanan , Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao . During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War , he held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army and , in 1940 , Zhu , alongside Peng Dehuai , devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive . Initially , Mao supported this offensive . While a successful campaign , Mao later attributed it as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy later and used it to criticize Peng at the Lushan Conference . Later life . In 1949 Zhu was named Commander-in-Chief of the Peoples Liberation Army ( PLA ) . He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party ( 1956–1966 ) and Vice-Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China ( 1954–1959 ) . Zhu oversaw the PLA during the Korean War within his authority as Commander-in-Chief . In 1955 , he was conferred to the rank of marshal . At the Lushan Conference , he tried to protect Peng Dehuai , by giving some mild criticisms of Peng ; rather than denouncing him , he merely gently reproofed his targeted comrade , who was a target of Mao Zedong . Mao wasnt satisfied with Zhu Des behavior . After the conference , Zhu was dismissed from vice chairmen of Central Military Commission , not in least part due to his loyalty for the fallen Peng . In April 1969 , during the summit of the Cultural Revolution , Zhu was dismissed from his position on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China , and the activity of the National Peoples Congress was halted . In August 1969 , Lin Biao issued a command that dispatched important martial figures to distant areas due to the tension between China and Soviet Union , and Zhu De was driven to Guangzhou . In 1973 Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee . He continued to work as a statesman until his death on 6 July 1976 . His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai , and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong . Zhu was cremated three days later , and received a funeral days afterwards . Personal life . Marriage . Zhu De married four times , according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley . However , there is no evidence of his marrying the mother of his only daughter . His known relationships were with : - Xiao Jufang ( or Hsiao Chu-fen ) . Xiao was a fellow student of Zhus at Kunming Normal Institute ( ) . The pair married in 1912 . Xiao died of a fever in 1916 after giving birth to Zhus only son , Baozhu . - Chen Yuzhen ( ) . After the death of Xiao Jufang , Zhu was advised to find a mother for his infant son . He was introduced to Chen by friends in the military . Chen had participated in revolutionary activities in 1911 , as well as in 1916 . Chen reportedly set the condition that she would not marry unless her future husband proposed to her in person , which Zhu did . The two married in 1916 . Chen looked after the home , even building a study for Zhu and his scholarly friends to meet , which she furnished with pamphlets , books , and manifestos on the Russian October Revolution . In the spring of 1922 , Zhu left his home to visit the Sichuanese warlord Yang Sen . According to Agnes Smedleys biography , Zhu considered himself separated from Chen after leaving her and felt free to marry again , though there had been no formal divorce . Chen was killed by the Kuomintang in 1935 . - He Zhihua ( ) . He met Zhu in Shanghai and followed him to Germany in late 1922 . When Zhu was deported from Germany in 1925 , she was already pregnant and later gave birth in a village on the outskirts of Moscow . Zhu named the daughter Sixun ( ) , but relations between He and Zhu had diminished and she rejected his choice , naming the baby Feifei ( ) . He sent her daughter to live with her sister in Chengdu shortly after the birth . She then married Huo Jiaxin ( ) in the same year . He returned to Shanghai in 1928 . She reportedly betrayed wanted communists to the Kuomintang , before being blinded in a gun attack by Red Army soldiers that killed her husband . After this , she returned to Sichuan , dying of illness before 1949 . - Wu Ruolan ( or Wu Yu-lan ) . Wu was the daughter of an Intellectual from Jiuyantang ( ) in Hunan . Zhu met Wu after attacking Leiyang with the Peasants and Workers Army . They married in 1928 . In January 1929 , Zhu and Wu were encircled by Kuomintang troops at a temple in the Jinggang Mountains . Zhu escaped , but Wu was captured . She was executed by decapitation and her head was allegedly sent to Changsha for display . - Kang Keqing ( Kang Ke-ching or Kang Keh-chin ) . Zhu married Kang in 1929 when he was 43 . She was a member of the Red Army and also a peasant leader . Kang was highly studious and Zhu taught her to read and write before they married . Kang outlived him . Unlike most women who joined the Long March , she did not become part of the propaganda unit marching at the rear . Kang fought by the side of her husband , distinguishing herself as a combat soldier , a markswoman , and a troop leader . Children . - Zhu Baozhu ( ) was born in 1916 and later changed his name to Zhu Qi ( ) . He died in 1974 from illness . - Zhu Min ( ) was born in Moscow in April 1926 to He Zhihua ( ) . Zhu De named her Sixun ( ) , but she rejected this and choose Feifei ( ) . He Zhihua sent her daughter to her sister in Chengdu shortly after her birth , where she went by the name He Feifei ( ) . She pursued higher education in Moscow from 1949 to 1953 before teaching at Beijing Normal University . She died of illness in 2009 . Awards . - Chinese Soviet Republic |
[
"FK Sloboda Tuzla"
] | easy | Rizah Mešković played for which team from 1969 to 1973? | /wiki/Rizah_Mešković#P54#0 | Rizah Mešković Rizah Mešković ( born 10 August 1947 ) is a Bosnian retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager . On the international level he played for the Yugoslavia national team once in 1972 , and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . Throughout his football career , both as a player and coach , Mešković had many success and received a good number of awards from UEFA , FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia ( FJS ) . Club career . Sloboda Tuzla . According to Mešković , he started his professional football career at boyhood age , and the first club that he ever played in was FK Sloboda Tuzla from 1964 , where he remained until 1973 , that is , until his departure to HNK Hajduk Split . According to Gojko Škrbić , Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for two years with the compensation of the then 14 million old dinar . In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season , Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals , while Mešković capitulated only nine times , the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers . Hajduk Split . For the Bili ( The Whites ) , Mešković played 107 games , 53 games in the championship , 9 games in the cup , 6 in European competitions , and 39 games in friendly matches . He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game of the legendary Radomir Vukčević ( Vučka ) , Ivica Hlevnjak and Pero Nadoveza . The first official appearance for Hajduk , was in the Yugoslav Cup on 12 August 1973 , in the starting lineup against FK Vardar , which Hajduk won with 5:1 . While at Hajduk , The fans gave him the nickname Mate and sang the song From Marjans blowing the breeze Mešković keeps the door guarding us . A strong and powerful goalkeeper , safe in running ins , with Hajduk he won two Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 ( with 33 appearances ) and 1975 ( with 16 appearances ) . He also won 3 cups in a row in 1973 , 1974 and in 1976 . 789 minutes without a goal . Rizah holds in the territory of the former Yugoslavia a record of 789 minutes of not conceding a goal . That series of not conceding a goal was broken by Vladimir Petković . The last goal he received was in a match against FK Željezničar Sarajevo in Split on 25 November 1973 ( 1 : 1 ) . From that game , goals werent conceded in matches played against : FK Borac Banja Luka in Banja Luka ( 0 : 0 ) , then OFK Belgrade in Split ( 2 : 0 ) , FK Vojvodina in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , GNK Dinamo Zagreb in Zagreb ( 0 : 1 ) , OFK Bor in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , FK Radnički Niš in Niš ( 0 : 1 ) and NK Čelik Zenica in Split ( 1 : 0 ) . Only in the 22nd round Hajduk lost from FK Sarajevo 1 : 0.However , in that game , Brane Oblak , Ivan Buljan , Slaviša Žungul and Mićun Jovanić did not play . The players that did play were : Mešković , Vilson Džoni , Vedran Rožić , Luka Peruzović , Dragan Holcer , Mario Boljat , Željko Mijač , Dražen Mužinić , Joško Gluić , Jurica and Ivica Šurjak . From AZ Alkmaar to Orebić . With 107 games to his name , he left Hajduk in 1976 and joined Dutch club AZ Alkmaar where he stayed until 1979 and had to fight for his place between the posts with Gerrit Vooys . After Alkmaar , he returned to Tuzla and once again joined Sloboda in 1979 where he stayed until 1983 , after which he went to several domestic clubs . They were : FK Budućnost Banovići , where he stayed from 1983 to 1984 , then FK Radnik Bijeljina from 1984 to 1985 , NK Bratstvo Gračanica , from 1985 to 1987 . He ended his career in where he played from 1987 to 1988 . International career . For the national team of Yugoslavia , he played one game , on 29 June 1972 , against Scotland , a game that was played in the Brazil Independence Cup in Belo Horizonte which ended with a score of 2 : 2 . He was also a part of the squad that played at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . However , Mešković didnt play a single game at the Cup . Coaching career . He started his coaching career with the completion of the coaching school in Sarajevo , and already in 1988 he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year FK Sloboda Tuzla . Finally in the 1990 , he became an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team . In 1991 as a member of the Yugoslavia staff , he went to the United Arab Emirates where he coached several clubs and A and B national teams . He also spent some time in Saudi Arabia as a coach ( Al Ahli SC in Jeddah , 2001–2002 ) . After Saudi Arabia he also coached in Qatar ( Al Sadd in Doha , 2002–2005 as an assistant ) . However , he spent most of his time in the Emirates where he trained clubs Al Wahda FC ( 1991–1992 ) in Abu Dhabi , Al Shabab Al Arabi Club ( 1992–1993 , 1999–2001 and 2005–2007 ) , Al Wasl F.C . ( 1997–1998 ) from Dubai and Al Nasr SC ( 1998–1999 ) also in Dubai . He ended his professional coaching career in 2007 . Honours . Club . Hajduk Split - Yugoslav First League : 1974 , 1975 - Yugoslav Cup : 1973 , 1974 , 1975–76 AZ Alkmaar - KNVB Cup : 1977–78 Manager . Al Ahli - Crown Prince Cup : 2001–02 - Saudi Federation Cup : 2001–02 - GCC Champions League : 2002 External links . - Serbian national football team website |
[
"Hajduk"
] | easy | Which team did Rizah Mešković play for from 1973 to 1976? | /wiki/Rizah_Mešković#P54#1 | Rizah Mešković Rizah Mešković ( born 10 August 1947 ) is a Bosnian retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager . On the international level he played for the Yugoslavia national team once in 1972 , and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . Throughout his football career , both as a player and coach , Mešković had many success and received a good number of awards from UEFA , FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia ( FJS ) . Club career . Sloboda Tuzla . According to Mešković , he started his professional football career at boyhood age , and the first club that he ever played in was FK Sloboda Tuzla from 1964 , where he remained until 1973 , that is , until his departure to HNK Hajduk Split . According to Gojko Škrbić , Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for two years with the compensation of the then 14 million old dinar . In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season , Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals , while Mešković capitulated only nine times , the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers . Hajduk Split . For the Bili ( The Whites ) , Mešković played 107 games , 53 games in the championship , 9 games in the cup , 6 in European competitions , and 39 games in friendly matches . He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game of the legendary Radomir Vukčević ( Vučka ) , Ivica Hlevnjak and Pero Nadoveza . The first official appearance for Hajduk , was in the Yugoslav Cup on 12 August 1973 , in the starting lineup against FK Vardar , which Hajduk won with 5:1 . While at Hajduk , The fans gave him the nickname Mate and sang the song From Marjans blowing the breeze Mešković keeps the door guarding us . A strong and powerful goalkeeper , safe in running ins , with Hajduk he won two Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 ( with 33 appearances ) and 1975 ( with 16 appearances ) . He also won 3 cups in a row in 1973 , 1974 and in 1976 . 789 minutes without a goal . Rizah holds in the territory of the former Yugoslavia a record of 789 minutes of not conceding a goal . That series of not conceding a goal was broken by Vladimir Petković . The last goal he received was in a match against FK Željezničar Sarajevo in Split on 25 November 1973 ( 1 : 1 ) . From that game , goals werent conceded in matches played against : FK Borac Banja Luka in Banja Luka ( 0 : 0 ) , then OFK Belgrade in Split ( 2 : 0 ) , FK Vojvodina in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , GNK Dinamo Zagreb in Zagreb ( 0 : 1 ) , OFK Bor in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , FK Radnički Niš in Niš ( 0 : 1 ) and NK Čelik Zenica in Split ( 1 : 0 ) . Only in the 22nd round Hajduk lost from FK Sarajevo 1 : 0.However , in that game , Brane Oblak , Ivan Buljan , Slaviša Žungul and Mićun Jovanić did not play . The players that did play were : Mešković , Vilson Džoni , Vedran Rožić , Luka Peruzović , Dragan Holcer , Mario Boljat , Željko Mijač , Dražen Mužinić , Joško Gluić , Jurica and Ivica Šurjak . From AZ Alkmaar to Orebić . With 107 games to his name , he left Hajduk in 1976 and joined Dutch club AZ Alkmaar where he stayed until 1979 and had to fight for his place between the posts with Gerrit Vooys . After Alkmaar , he returned to Tuzla and once again joined Sloboda in 1979 where he stayed until 1983 , after which he went to several domestic clubs . They were : FK Budućnost Banovići , where he stayed from 1983 to 1984 , then FK Radnik Bijeljina from 1984 to 1985 , NK Bratstvo Gračanica , from 1985 to 1987 . He ended his career in where he played from 1987 to 1988 . International career . For the national team of Yugoslavia , he played one game , on 29 June 1972 , against Scotland , a game that was played in the Brazil Independence Cup in Belo Horizonte which ended with a score of 2 : 2 . He was also a part of the squad that played at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . However , Mešković didnt play a single game at the Cup . Coaching career . He started his coaching career with the completion of the coaching school in Sarajevo , and already in 1988 he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year FK Sloboda Tuzla . Finally in the 1990 , he became an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team . In 1991 as a member of the Yugoslavia staff , he went to the United Arab Emirates where he coached several clubs and A and B national teams . He also spent some time in Saudi Arabia as a coach ( Al Ahli SC in Jeddah , 2001–2002 ) . After Saudi Arabia he also coached in Qatar ( Al Sadd in Doha , 2002–2005 as an assistant ) . However , he spent most of his time in the Emirates where he trained clubs Al Wahda FC ( 1991–1992 ) in Abu Dhabi , Al Shabab Al Arabi Club ( 1992–1993 , 1999–2001 and 2005–2007 ) , Al Wasl F.C . ( 1997–1998 ) from Dubai and Al Nasr SC ( 1998–1999 ) also in Dubai . He ended his professional coaching career in 2007 . Honours . Club . Hajduk Split - Yugoslav First League : 1974 , 1975 - Yugoslav Cup : 1973 , 1974 , 1975–76 AZ Alkmaar - KNVB Cup : 1977–78 Manager . Al Ahli - Crown Prince Cup : 2001–02 - Saudi Federation Cup : 2001–02 - GCC Champions League : 2002 External links . - Serbian national football team website |
[
"AZ Alkmaar"
] | easy | Which team did the player Rizah Mešković belong to from 1976 to 1979? | /wiki/Rizah_Mešković#P54#2 | Rizah Mešković Rizah Mešković ( born 10 August 1947 ) is a Bosnian retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager . On the international level he played for the Yugoslavia national team once in 1972 , and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . Throughout his football career , both as a player and coach , Mešković had many success and received a good number of awards from UEFA , FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia ( FJS ) . Club career . Sloboda Tuzla . According to Mešković , he started his professional football career at boyhood age , and the first club that he ever played in was FK Sloboda Tuzla from 1964 , where he remained until 1973 , that is , until his departure to HNK Hajduk Split . According to Gojko Škrbić , Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for two years with the compensation of the then 14 million old dinar . In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season , Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals , while Mešković capitulated only nine times , the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers . Hajduk Split . For the Bili ( The Whites ) , Mešković played 107 games , 53 games in the championship , 9 games in the cup , 6 in European competitions , and 39 games in friendly matches . He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game of the legendary Radomir Vukčević ( Vučka ) , Ivica Hlevnjak and Pero Nadoveza . The first official appearance for Hajduk , was in the Yugoslav Cup on 12 August 1973 , in the starting lineup against FK Vardar , which Hajduk won with 5:1 . While at Hajduk , The fans gave him the nickname Mate and sang the song From Marjans blowing the breeze Mešković keeps the door guarding us . A strong and powerful goalkeeper , safe in running ins , with Hajduk he won two Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 ( with 33 appearances ) and 1975 ( with 16 appearances ) . He also won 3 cups in a row in 1973 , 1974 and in 1976 . 789 minutes without a goal . Rizah holds in the territory of the former Yugoslavia a record of 789 minutes of not conceding a goal . That series of not conceding a goal was broken by Vladimir Petković . The last goal he received was in a match against FK Željezničar Sarajevo in Split on 25 November 1973 ( 1 : 1 ) . From that game , goals werent conceded in matches played against : FK Borac Banja Luka in Banja Luka ( 0 : 0 ) , then OFK Belgrade in Split ( 2 : 0 ) , FK Vojvodina in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , GNK Dinamo Zagreb in Zagreb ( 0 : 1 ) , OFK Bor in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , FK Radnički Niš in Niš ( 0 : 1 ) and NK Čelik Zenica in Split ( 1 : 0 ) . Only in the 22nd round Hajduk lost from FK Sarajevo 1 : 0.However , in that game , Brane Oblak , Ivan Buljan , Slaviša Žungul and Mićun Jovanić did not play . The players that did play were : Mešković , Vilson Džoni , Vedran Rožić , Luka Peruzović , Dragan Holcer , Mario Boljat , Željko Mijač , Dražen Mužinić , Joško Gluić , Jurica and Ivica Šurjak . From AZ Alkmaar to Orebić . With 107 games to his name , he left Hajduk in 1976 and joined Dutch club AZ Alkmaar where he stayed until 1979 and had to fight for his place between the posts with Gerrit Vooys . After Alkmaar , he returned to Tuzla and once again joined Sloboda in 1979 where he stayed until 1983 , after which he went to several domestic clubs . They were : FK Budućnost Banovići , where he stayed from 1983 to 1984 , then FK Radnik Bijeljina from 1984 to 1985 , NK Bratstvo Gračanica , from 1985 to 1987 . He ended his career in where he played from 1987 to 1988 . International career . For the national team of Yugoslavia , he played one game , on 29 June 1972 , against Scotland , a game that was played in the Brazil Independence Cup in Belo Horizonte which ended with a score of 2 : 2 . He was also a part of the squad that played at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . However , Mešković didnt play a single game at the Cup . Coaching career . He started his coaching career with the completion of the coaching school in Sarajevo , and already in 1988 he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year FK Sloboda Tuzla . Finally in the 1990 , he became an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team . In 1991 as a member of the Yugoslavia staff , he went to the United Arab Emirates where he coached several clubs and A and B national teams . He also spent some time in Saudi Arabia as a coach ( Al Ahli SC in Jeddah , 2001–2002 ) . After Saudi Arabia he also coached in Qatar ( Al Sadd in Doha , 2002–2005 as an assistant ) . However , he spent most of his time in the Emirates where he trained clubs Al Wahda FC ( 1991–1992 ) in Abu Dhabi , Al Shabab Al Arabi Club ( 1992–1993 , 1999–2001 and 2005–2007 ) , Al Wasl F.C . ( 1997–1998 ) from Dubai and Al Nasr SC ( 1998–1999 ) also in Dubai . He ended his professional coaching career in 2007 . Honours . Club . Hajduk Split - Yugoslav First League : 1974 , 1975 - Yugoslav Cup : 1973 , 1974 , 1975–76 AZ Alkmaar - KNVB Cup : 1977–78 Manager . Al Ahli - Crown Prince Cup : 2001–02 - Saudi Federation Cup : 2001–02 - GCC Champions League : 2002 External links . - Serbian national football team website |
[
"Sloboda"
] | easy | Rizah Mešković played for which team from 1979 to 1981? | /wiki/Rizah_Mešković#P54#3 | Rizah Mešković Rizah Mešković ( born 10 August 1947 ) is a Bosnian retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager . On the international level he played for the Yugoslavia national team once in 1972 , and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . Throughout his football career , both as a player and coach , Mešković had many success and received a good number of awards from UEFA , FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia ( FJS ) . Club career . Sloboda Tuzla . According to Mešković , he started his professional football career at boyhood age , and the first club that he ever played in was FK Sloboda Tuzla from 1964 , where he remained until 1973 , that is , until his departure to HNK Hajduk Split . According to Gojko Škrbić , Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for two years with the compensation of the then 14 million old dinar . In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season , Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals , while Mešković capitulated only nine times , the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers . Hajduk Split . For the Bili ( The Whites ) , Mešković played 107 games , 53 games in the championship , 9 games in the cup , 6 in European competitions , and 39 games in friendly matches . He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game of the legendary Radomir Vukčević ( Vučka ) , Ivica Hlevnjak and Pero Nadoveza . The first official appearance for Hajduk , was in the Yugoslav Cup on 12 August 1973 , in the starting lineup against FK Vardar , which Hajduk won with 5:1 . While at Hajduk , The fans gave him the nickname Mate and sang the song From Marjans blowing the breeze Mešković keeps the door guarding us . A strong and powerful goalkeeper , safe in running ins , with Hajduk he won two Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 ( with 33 appearances ) and 1975 ( with 16 appearances ) . He also won 3 cups in a row in 1973 , 1974 and in 1976 . 789 minutes without a goal . Rizah holds in the territory of the former Yugoslavia a record of 789 minutes of not conceding a goal . That series of not conceding a goal was broken by Vladimir Petković . The last goal he received was in a match against FK Željezničar Sarajevo in Split on 25 November 1973 ( 1 : 1 ) . From that game , goals werent conceded in matches played against : FK Borac Banja Luka in Banja Luka ( 0 : 0 ) , then OFK Belgrade in Split ( 2 : 0 ) , FK Vojvodina in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , GNK Dinamo Zagreb in Zagreb ( 0 : 1 ) , OFK Bor in Split ( 3 : 0 ) , FK Radnički Niš in Niš ( 0 : 1 ) and NK Čelik Zenica in Split ( 1 : 0 ) . Only in the 22nd round Hajduk lost from FK Sarajevo 1 : 0.However , in that game , Brane Oblak , Ivan Buljan , Slaviša Žungul and Mićun Jovanić did not play . The players that did play were : Mešković , Vilson Džoni , Vedran Rožić , Luka Peruzović , Dragan Holcer , Mario Boljat , Željko Mijač , Dražen Mužinić , Joško Gluić , Jurica and Ivica Šurjak . From AZ Alkmaar to Orebić . With 107 games to his name , he left Hajduk in 1976 and joined Dutch club AZ Alkmaar where he stayed until 1979 and had to fight for his place between the posts with Gerrit Vooys . After Alkmaar , he returned to Tuzla and once again joined Sloboda in 1979 where he stayed until 1983 , after which he went to several domestic clubs . They were : FK Budućnost Banovići , where he stayed from 1983 to 1984 , then FK Radnik Bijeljina from 1984 to 1985 , NK Bratstvo Gračanica , from 1985 to 1987 . He ended his career in where he played from 1987 to 1988 . International career . For the national team of Yugoslavia , he played one game , on 29 June 1972 , against Scotland , a game that was played in the Brazil Independence Cup in Belo Horizonte which ended with a score of 2 : 2 . He was also a part of the squad that played at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany . However , Mešković didnt play a single game at the Cup . Coaching career . He started his coaching career with the completion of the coaching school in Sarajevo , and already in 1988 he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year FK Sloboda Tuzla . Finally in the 1990 , he became an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team . In 1991 as a member of the Yugoslavia staff , he went to the United Arab Emirates where he coached several clubs and A and B national teams . He also spent some time in Saudi Arabia as a coach ( Al Ahli SC in Jeddah , 2001–2002 ) . After Saudi Arabia he also coached in Qatar ( Al Sadd in Doha , 2002–2005 as an assistant ) . However , he spent most of his time in the Emirates where he trained clubs Al Wahda FC ( 1991–1992 ) in Abu Dhabi , Al Shabab Al Arabi Club ( 1992–1993 , 1999–2001 and 2005–2007 ) , Al Wasl F.C . ( 1997–1998 ) from Dubai and Al Nasr SC ( 1998–1999 ) also in Dubai . He ended his professional coaching career in 2007 . Honours . Club . Hajduk Split - Yugoslav First League : 1974 , 1975 - Yugoslav Cup : 1973 , 1974 , 1975–76 AZ Alkmaar - KNVB Cup : 1977–78 Manager . Al Ahli - Crown Prince Cup : 2001–02 - Saudi Federation Cup : 2001–02 - GCC Champions League : 2002 External links . - Serbian national football team website |
[
"University of Minnesota"
] | easy | Ruth Boynton was an employee for whom from 1921 to 1927? | /wiki/Ruth_Boynton#P108#0 | Ruth Boynton Ruth Boynton ( 1896 – 1977 ) was a physician , researcher , and administrator who spent almost her entire career at the University of Minnesota . She worked in public health and student health services . At that time , there were few women in any of these fields . She was Director of the University Student Health Service from 1936 to 1961 . It was renamed the Boynton Health Service in her honor in 1975 . Early life and education . Ruth Evelyn Boynton was born in La Crosse , Wisconsin on January 3 , 1896 . She was the daughter of Ervin and Nellie Alice ( Parker ) Boynton . She decided to become a doctor while she was in high school . Her family physician , Dr . Mary P . Houck , was said by an early colleague and friend of Ruth Boynton , William Shepard , to have set an example that influenced Boyntons decision . Dr . Mary P . Houck cared for Boyntons two brothers during their final illnesses , when they were 12 and 20 years old and Nelly Boynton who also died during Ruths youth . She started college at La Crosse State Normal School and transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Madison . She graduated with a major in Medical Sciences and coursework in Latin and French . Career . Boynton graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1921 . In the same year , she was hired as one of the first full-time employees at the Student Health Service . Previously , the Health Service was primarily staffed by a single employee , director Dr . Harold S . Diehl , who took her on as an assistant for three years . In her first year she treated patients during serious outbreaks of scarlet fever and influenza . She saw patients with a wide variety of diseases , including tuberculosis . Over the years , tuberculosis became a major focus of her research and publications . Boynton was Director of the Minnesota Department of Health Division of Child Hygiene from 1923 to 1927 . She also spent one year at the University of Chicago , from 1927 to 1928 , as the Chief Medical Advisor for Women and Assistant Professor of Medicine . In 1929 , she returned to the University of Minnesota for the rest of her career . When Diehl was made dean of medical science , he recommended Boynton for the job of Director . In his letter , he commented that he wasnt sure if a woman could do the job , but if there was one who could , it was Ruth Boynton . Because no woman had been in charge of a university health service before her , there was some hesitation to appoint Boynton , so she had to serve only as the acting director for a year . Boynton was Director of the Student Health Service from 1936 until her retirement in 1961 . During this time , she expanded it into one of the best and most complete student health services in the country . She started several new programs during her time as Director . They include a special food service for students with diseases such as diabetes , hiring health educators to promote disease prevention , and managing the use of radioactive materials on campus . She also boosted the amount of psychological and psychiatric counseling services . As Director , she served as an administrator , physician , researcher , and teacher . She also ran the U of M School of Public Health during World War II when its Director left to serve in the Army . During her career , Boynton was active in groups such as the American College Health Association . The association now awards an annual Ruth E . Boynton Award for service to the Association . She served for twenty-two years on the Minnesota State Board of Health , and was twice elected its President , in 1945 and 1951 . Later life . Boynton retired from the University in 1961 . She moved to Florida where she volunteered her time as the secretary-treasurer of the American College Health Association for several years . In 1975 , the University of Minnesota honored her career and contributions by renaming the Student Health Service to Boynton Health Service , the name it still bears . She died on December 21 , 1977 in Miami after a brief illness . Boynton gave $20,000 to establish the Prudence Catright Scholarship for an outstanding woman graduate student in education to the University of Minnesota in her bequest . To Boynton Health Service she gave $15,000 to establish a learning resources center for the staff . External links . - Ruth Evelyn Boynton Papers , 1931-1962 |
[
"University of Chicago"
] | easy | Ruth Boynton was an employee for whom from 1927 to 1928? | /wiki/Ruth_Boynton#P108#1 | Ruth Boynton Ruth Boynton ( 1896 – 1977 ) was a physician , researcher , and administrator who spent almost her entire career at the University of Minnesota . She worked in public health and student health services . At that time , there were few women in any of these fields . She was Director of the University Student Health Service from 1936 to 1961 . It was renamed the Boynton Health Service in her honor in 1975 . Early life and education . Ruth Evelyn Boynton was born in La Crosse , Wisconsin on January 3 , 1896 . She was the daughter of Ervin and Nellie Alice ( Parker ) Boynton . She decided to become a doctor while she was in high school . Her family physician , Dr . Mary P . Houck , was said by an early colleague and friend of Ruth Boynton , William Shepard , to have set an example that influenced Boyntons decision . Dr . Mary P . Houck cared for Boyntons two brothers during their final illnesses , when they were 12 and 20 years old and Nelly Boynton who also died during Ruths youth . She started college at La Crosse State Normal School and transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Madison . She graduated with a major in Medical Sciences and coursework in Latin and French . Career . Boynton graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1921 . In the same year , she was hired as one of the first full-time employees at the Student Health Service . Previously , the Health Service was primarily staffed by a single employee , director Dr . Harold S . Diehl , who took her on as an assistant for three years . In her first year she treated patients during serious outbreaks of scarlet fever and influenza . She saw patients with a wide variety of diseases , including tuberculosis . Over the years , tuberculosis became a major focus of her research and publications . Boynton was Director of the Minnesota Department of Health Division of Child Hygiene from 1923 to 1927 . She also spent one year at the University of Chicago , from 1927 to 1928 , as the Chief Medical Advisor for Women and Assistant Professor of Medicine . In 1929 , she returned to the University of Minnesota for the rest of her career . When Diehl was made dean of medical science , he recommended Boynton for the job of Director . In his letter , he commented that he wasnt sure if a woman could do the job , but if there was one who could , it was Ruth Boynton . Because no woman had been in charge of a university health service before her , there was some hesitation to appoint Boynton , so she had to serve only as the acting director for a year . Boynton was Director of the Student Health Service from 1936 until her retirement in 1961 . During this time , she expanded it into one of the best and most complete student health services in the country . She started several new programs during her time as Director . They include a special food service for students with diseases such as diabetes , hiring health educators to promote disease prevention , and managing the use of radioactive materials on campus . She also boosted the amount of psychological and psychiatric counseling services . As Director , she served as an administrator , physician , researcher , and teacher . She also ran the U of M School of Public Health during World War II when its Director left to serve in the Army . During her career , Boynton was active in groups such as the American College Health Association . The association now awards an annual Ruth E . Boynton Award for service to the Association . She served for twenty-two years on the Minnesota State Board of Health , and was twice elected its President , in 1945 and 1951 . Later life . Boynton retired from the University in 1961 . She moved to Florida where she volunteered her time as the secretary-treasurer of the American College Health Association for several years . In 1975 , the University of Minnesota honored her career and contributions by renaming the Student Health Service to Boynton Health Service , the name it still bears . She died on December 21 , 1977 in Miami after a brief illness . Boynton gave $20,000 to establish the Prudence Catright Scholarship for an outstanding woman graduate student in education to the University of Minnesota in her bequest . To Boynton Health Service she gave $15,000 to establish a learning resources center for the staff . External links . - Ruth Evelyn Boynton Papers , 1931-1962 |
[
"University of Minnesota"
] | easy | Who did Ruth Boynton work for from 1929 to 1961? | /wiki/Ruth_Boynton#P108#2 | Ruth Boynton Ruth Boynton ( 1896 – 1977 ) was a physician , researcher , and administrator who spent almost her entire career at the University of Minnesota . She worked in public health and student health services . At that time , there were few women in any of these fields . She was Director of the University Student Health Service from 1936 to 1961 . It was renamed the Boynton Health Service in her honor in 1975 . Early life and education . Ruth Evelyn Boynton was born in La Crosse , Wisconsin on January 3 , 1896 . She was the daughter of Ervin and Nellie Alice ( Parker ) Boynton . She decided to become a doctor while she was in high school . Her family physician , Dr . Mary P . Houck , was said by an early colleague and friend of Ruth Boynton , William Shepard , to have set an example that influenced Boyntons decision . Dr . Mary P . Houck cared for Boyntons two brothers during their final illnesses , when they were 12 and 20 years old and Nelly Boynton who also died during Ruths youth . She started college at La Crosse State Normal School and transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Madison . She graduated with a major in Medical Sciences and coursework in Latin and French . Career . Boynton graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1921 . In the same year , she was hired as one of the first full-time employees at the Student Health Service . Previously , the Health Service was primarily staffed by a single employee , director Dr . Harold S . Diehl , who took her on as an assistant for three years . In her first year she treated patients during serious outbreaks of scarlet fever and influenza . She saw patients with a wide variety of diseases , including tuberculosis . Over the years , tuberculosis became a major focus of her research and publications . Boynton was Director of the Minnesota Department of Health Division of Child Hygiene from 1923 to 1927 . She also spent one year at the University of Chicago , from 1927 to 1928 , as the Chief Medical Advisor for Women and Assistant Professor of Medicine . In 1929 , she returned to the University of Minnesota for the rest of her career . When Diehl was made dean of medical science , he recommended Boynton for the job of Director . In his letter , he commented that he wasnt sure if a woman could do the job , but if there was one who could , it was Ruth Boynton . Because no woman had been in charge of a university health service before her , there was some hesitation to appoint Boynton , so she had to serve only as the acting director for a year . Boynton was Director of the Student Health Service from 1936 until her retirement in 1961 . During this time , she expanded it into one of the best and most complete student health services in the country . She started several new programs during her time as Director . They include a special food service for students with diseases such as diabetes , hiring health educators to promote disease prevention , and managing the use of radioactive materials on campus . She also boosted the amount of psychological and psychiatric counseling services . As Director , she served as an administrator , physician , researcher , and teacher . She also ran the U of M School of Public Health during World War II when its Director left to serve in the Army . During her career , Boynton was active in groups such as the American College Health Association . The association now awards an annual Ruth E . Boynton Award for service to the Association . She served for twenty-two years on the Minnesota State Board of Health , and was twice elected its President , in 1945 and 1951 . Later life . Boynton retired from the University in 1961 . She moved to Florida where she volunteered her time as the secretary-treasurer of the American College Health Association for several years . In 1975 , the University of Minnesota honored her career and contributions by renaming the Student Health Service to Boynton Health Service , the name it still bears . She died on December 21 , 1977 in Miami after a brief illness . Boynton gave $20,000 to establish the Prudence Catright Scholarship for an outstanding woman graduate student in education to the University of Minnesota in her bequest . To Boynton Health Service she gave $15,000 to establish a learning resources center for the staff . External links . - Ruth Evelyn Boynton Papers , 1931-1962 |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did Javier Iturriaga play for from 2001 to 2002? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#0 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
"Athletic Bilbao"
] | easy | Javier Iturriaga played for which team from 2002 to 2004? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#1 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
"Athletic Bilbao"
] | easy | Javier Iturriaga played for which team from 2004 to 2006? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#2 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
"Athletic Bilbao"
] | easy | Which team did Javier Iturriaga play for from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#3 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did the player Javier Iturriaga belong to from 2007 to 2009? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#4 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
"Portugalete"
] | easy | Which team did the player Javier Iturriaga belong to from 2009 to 2012? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#5 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did the player Javier Iturriaga belong to from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Javier_Iturriaga#P54#6 | Javier Iturriaga Javier Iturriaga Arrillaga ( born 3 November 1983 ) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Unlike most of the players brought up at Athletic Bilbao , Iturriaga was not born in the Basque Country , or even in Spain . He was born and grew up in Mexico City , his family having moved to Mexico in the early 1980s from their native city of Zarautz after his father was relocated for business purposes to that Latin American country . Iturriaga went to elementary school in Mexico , but at the age of 13 his family returned to Europe where he attended St Edmunds College Catholic School near Ware , Hertfordshire , United Kingdom . He showed his natural sporting talents there , quickly learning to play cricket and gaining a place in the Hertfordshire under-14 rugby county team , having played the game for only a few weeks ; after high school he finally went back to Spain , where he became a regional junior champion in the racquet sport padel and began to play football with local CD Getxo while planning to study civil engineering . Club career . In 2002 , aged 18 , Iturriaga joined Athletic Bilbao following in the footsteps of his brother Iñigo , and meeting the criteria of the clubs philosophy despite his birthplace by having developed as a footballer in the Basque region . He first appeared for the farm team , CD Basconia followed by the reserves , spending two seasons playing regularly with each squad . Iturriaga was definitely promoted to the main squad for the 2006–07 campaign , but only appeared in four La Liga games as the side finished one place above relegation ( 17th ) . His debut came on 15 October 2006 , as he came on as a substitute for Pablo Orbaiz in the 58th minute of the 3–2 away win against Gimnàstic de Tarragona ; during his spell at the San Mamés Stadium , he was mainly restricted to Copa del Rey matches . In the following summer , Iturriaga was released by Athletic and signed with Segunda División team UD Salamanca where he was also highly unsuccessful , going on to serve two loans in Segunda División B , including one at SD Lemona . In 2009 , he left but stayed in the Biscay area , moving to amateurs Club Portugalete . After three seasons in Tercera División , Iturriaga signed for Getxo where he had already spent his formative years . International career . Iturriaga declared he wished to represent Mexico internationally . Hugo Sánchez , the legendary striker who played in Spain for twelve years and was then in charge of the national team , stated that he would have him in consideration and follow his progress . However , the manager left his post to work with a club , and the player did not receive any call-ups . Personal life . Away from football , Iturriaga gained a masters degree in industrial engineering from the University of the Basque Country and became a professional in the field . |
[
"University of Mississippi"
] | easy | Which school did Ed Bryant go to from 1969 to 1972? | /wiki/Ed_Bryant#P69#0 | Ed Bryant Edward Glenn Bryant ( born September 7 , 1948 ) is an American politician who is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee ( 1995–2003 ) . From 1991–1993 , he served as the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee . On December 12 , 2008 , Bryant was sworn in as a U.S . Magistrate Judge for the Western District of Tennessee . He retired from this position on February 28 , 2019 . Early life . Ed Bryant was born and raised in Jackson , Tennessee . His mother was a registered nurse , while his father was an electrician . Bryant attended Tennessee Technological University for a year before transferring to the University of Mississippi , where he received both his B.A . in 1970 and J.D . in 1972 . As a student , he was active in the Sigma Nu fraternity . Bryant was also selected to the national leadership organization of Omicron Delta Kappa . He received a commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army through the Army Reserve Officers Training Corps . Initially serving in the Military Intelligence Corps , Bryant was later selected to serve in the Judge Advocate Generals Corps . During his time in the U.S . Army , he was assigned to the Ballistic Missile Defense System Command in Huntsville , Alabama , the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Carson in Colorado and taught constitutional law to cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point . Bryant served another year in the Tennessee Army National Guard . Upon returning to Jackson , Tennessee , he joined the law firm of Waldrop & Hall and was later elected President of the Madison County Bar Association . Entrance into politics . Bryant first became politically active in a high-profile way in 1988 when he served as an early organizer for the abortive presidential bid of conservative televangelist Pat Robertson . Earlier that year , Eighth District Congressman Ed Jones decided not to run for reelection . Bryant won the Republican nomination for the district , a largely Democratic area mostly in the northwestern part of the state . He lost in the general election to Union City attorney and state representative John S . Tanner . Bryant resumed the practice of law , having been appointed as United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee by President George H . W . Bush in 1991 . He later moved to Henderson , near Jackson , located in the neighboring Seventh Congressional District . U.S . House of Representatives . When Seventh District Congressman Don Sundquist did not run for re-election in 1994 ( choosing instead to wage an ultimately successful campaign for governor ) , Bryant won the Republican primary for the district . The 7th is as heavily Republican as the neighboring 8th is heavily Democratic—in fact , it is arguably the states most Republican district outside of East Tennessee . Under the circumstances , Bryants victory in November was a foregone conclusion . In his three subsequent re-elections , Bryant never failed to receive under 60% of the vote . His only serious opposition came in his first reelection bid , when Clarksville mayor Don Trotter faced him . Bryant defeated him by over 30 points . As of the 2016 elections , Trotter is the last reasonably well-financed Democrat to run in the 7th , and one of only three Democrats to make a serious bid for the seat since it fell into Republican hands in 1972 ( when it was numbered as the 6th District ; it has been the 7th since 1983 ) . Bryant was unopposed in 1998 , and was reelected by over 40 points in 2000 . Bryant established a solidly conservative record and was a darling of both business-oriented groups such as the National Federation of Independent Business and social conservative groups such as the American Conservative Union , the National Rifle Association , and National Right-to-Life . He was best known as one of the House managers ( prosecutors ) in the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton . Bryant was regarded by many as one of the less strident and pompous and more personable managers . This is supposedly why Monica Lewinsky chose Bryant to be the manager to interview her about the case . 2002 U.S . Senate election . In 2002 Bryant entered the Republican primary for the United States Senate after Republican Fred Thompson announced that he was changing his mind from an earlier announcement and would not be seeking re-election . The circumstances resulted in his piecing together a hurried , underfinanced campaign . Bryant was opposed by former governor of Tennessee , U.S . Secretary of Education , and two-time presidential candidate Lamar Alexander for the Republican nomination . Alexander had both greater statewide name recognition and greater financial resources , even though he hadnt appeared on a ballot for a statewide office in Tennessee in 20 years . Despite this , Bryant held Alexander to 55% of the primary vote while garnering 44% . Additionally , Bryant made a good impression on many Republican activists in the state , especially with his willingness to make appearances on the Republican tickets behalf during the fall campaign after his own defeat . 2006 U.S . Senate election . After Bryants defeat in 2002 , he moved to Nashville briefly , but returned to West Tennessee . There he sought the Republican nomination for the U.S . Senate seat then-held by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist , who did not seek re-election in 2006 . Bryant faced two other major Republicans in the primary on August 3 , 2006 : - Bob Corker – Former mayor of Chattanooga and 1994 Senate candidate . - Van Hilleary – Former United States Representative and 2002 gubernatorial nominee . In an interview with John Gibson of Fox News , Bryant stated that he did not believe Harold Ford , Jr . should be considered a serious candidate for the U.S . Senate because of Fords young age ( 36 ) . Bryant conceded the GOP primary election to Bob Corker on August 3 , 2006 . External links . - Ed Bryant for Senate website ( archive ) |
[
""
] | easy | Which school did Ed Bryant go to from 1977 to 1978? | /wiki/Ed_Bryant#P69#1 | Ed Bryant Edward Glenn Bryant ( born September 7 , 1948 ) is an American politician who is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee ( 1995–2003 ) . From 1991–1993 , he served as the United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee . On December 12 , 2008 , Bryant was sworn in as a U.S . Magistrate Judge for the Western District of Tennessee . He retired from this position on February 28 , 2019 . Early life . Ed Bryant was born and raised in Jackson , Tennessee . His mother was a registered nurse , while his father was an electrician . Bryant attended Tennessee Technological University for a year before transferring to the University of Mississippi , where he received both his B.A . in 1970 and J.D . in 1972 . As a student , he was active in the Sigma Nu fraternity . Bryant was also selected to the national leadership organization of Omicron Delta Kappa . He received a commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army through the Army Reserve Officers Training Corps . Initially serving in the Military Intelligence Corps , Bryant was later selected to serve in the Judge Advocate Generals Corps . During his time in the U.S . Army , he was assigned to the Ballistic Missile Defense System Command in Huntsville , Alabama , the 4th Infantry Division at Fort Carson in Colorado and taught constitutional law to cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point . Bryant served another year in the Tennessee Army National Guard . Upon returning to Jackson , Tennessee , he joined the law firm of Waldrop & Hall and was later elected President of the Madison County Bar Association . Entrance into politics . Bryant first became politically active in a high-profile way in 1988 when he served as an early organizer for the abortive presidential bid of conservative televangelist Pat Robertson . Earlier that year , Eighth District Congressman Ed Jones decided not to run for reelection . Bryant won the Republican nomination for the district , a largely Democratic area mostly in the northwestern part of the state . He lost in the general election to Union City attorney and state representative John S . Tanner . Bryant resumed the practice of law , having been appointed as United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee by President George H . W . Bush in 1991 . He later moved to Henderson , near Jackson , located in the neighboring Seventh Congressional District . U.S . House of Representatives . When Seventh District Congressman Don Sundquist did not run for re-election in 1994 ( choosing instead to wage an ultimately successful campaign for governor ) , Bryant won the Republican primary for the district . The 7th is as heavily Republican as the neighboring 8th is heavily Democratic—in fact , it is arguably the states most Republican district outside of East Tennessee . Under the circumstances , Bryants victory in November was a foregone conclusion . In his three subsequent re-elections , Bryant never failed to receive under 60% of the vote . His only serious opposition came in his first reelection bid , when Clarksville mayor Don Trotter faced him . Bryant defeated him by over 30 points . As of the 2016 elections , Trotter is the last reasonably well-financed Democrat to run in the 7th , and one of only three Democrats to make a serious bid for the seat since it fell into Republican hands in 1972 ( when it was numbered as the 6th District ; it has been the 7th since 1983 ) . Bryant was unopposed in 1998 , and was reelected by over 40 points in 2000 . Bryant established a solidly conservative record and was a darling of both business-oriented groups such as the National Federation of Independent Business and social conservative groups such as the American Conservative Union , the National Rifle Association , and National Right-to-Life . He was best known as one of the House managers ( prosecutors ) in the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton . Bryant was regarded by many as one of the less strident and pompous and more personable managers . This is supposedly why Monica Lewinsky chose Bryant to be the manager to interview her about the case . 2002 U.S . Senate election . In 2002 Bryant entered the Republican primary for the United States Senate after Republican Fred Thompson announced that he was changing his mind from an earlier announcement and would not be seeking re-election . The circumstances resulted in his piecing together a hurried , underfinanced campaign . Bryant was opposed by former governor of Tennessee , U.S . Secretary of Education , and two-time presidential candidate Lamar Alexander for the Republican nomination . Alexander had both greater statewide name recognition and greater financial resources , even though he hadnt appeared on a ballot for a statewide office in Tennessee in 20 years . Despite this , Bryant held Alexander to 55% of the primary vote while garnering 44% . Additionally , Bryant made a good impression on many Republican activists in the state , especially with his willingness to make appearances on the Republican tickets behalf during the fall campaign after his own defeat . 2006 U.S . Senate election . After Bryants defeat in 2002 , he moved to Nashville briefly , but returned to West Tennessee . There he sought the Republican nomination for the U.S . Senate seat then-held by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist , who did not seek re-election in 2006 . Bryant faced two other major Republicans in the primary on August 3 , 2006 : - Bob Corker – Former mayor of Chattanooga and 1994 Senate candidate . - Van Hilleary – Former United States Representative and 2002 gubernatorial nominee . In an interview with John Gibson of Fox News , Bryant stated that he did not believe Harold Ford , Jr . should be considered a serious candidate for the U.S . Senate because of Fords young age ( 36 ) . Bryant conceded the GOP primary election to Bob Corker on August 3 , 2006 . External links . - Ed Bryant for Senate website ( archive ) |
[
"representative of the nobility"
] | easy | What was the position of Johan August Gripenstedt from 1840 to 1848? | /wiki/Johan_August_Gripenstedt#P39#0 | Johan August Gripenstedt Baron Johan August Gripenstedt ( 11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874 ) was a Swedish businessman and politician . During his political career , Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly ( as a representative of the nobility ) from 1840 to 1848 , Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856 , Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866 , and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance , during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways . Early life and military career . Johan August Gripenstedt was born in the Duchy of Holstein , then part of the German Confederation , where his parents lived at the time . His father Jakob Gripenstedt was a retired Swedish officer . His mother Helena Kristina ( née Weinschenck ) was the daughter of a German physician . The Gripenstedt familys earliest descendant was a man named Hieronimus Berger , born in the Courland region of modern-day Latvia , who immigrated to Sweden and was ennobled with name Gripenstedt in 1691 . Johan August Gripenstedt came to Sweden with his family at the age of four . He grew up at the estate of Gräfsnäs in Västergötland and later , when the estates fee tail ended following his uncles death in 1821 , at the nearby estate of Holmängen . Gripenstedt and his brothers were educated at home , and following his examination in the spring of 1827 he was registered at Uppsala University . However , Gripenstedts plans for a civilian career promptly changed and in 1828 he left the university for the Royal War Academy in Stockholm . After completing his education at the Royal War Academy , Gripenstedt became a Second Lieutenant at the Göta Artillery Regiment in Gothenburg , in 1831 . Following further education at the Marieberg Upper Military School from 1832 to 1835 , Gripenstedt was in 1837 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and , in 1841 , to the rank of Artillery Staff Officer . At this time however , Gripenstedt had already started a new career as a politician . In 1846 he was at his own request released from military service . Politics and entrepreneurship . Gripenstedt first entered politics as a representative of the nobility at the Riksdag of 1840–1841 . He soon distinguished himself as a skillful speaker and was elected to the parliaments Committee on the Accords ( ) . Through his marriage into the Anckarswärd family in 1842 , Gripenstedt became affiliated with the liberal landowners-faction of the parliament , led by Carl Henrik Anckarswärd . In the end of 1841 , Gripenstedt was elected to the parliaments powerful Committee on the Constitution , which at this time worked on a new representative reform . As opposed to the conservative group of the parliament , Gripenstedt was a strong adherent of free elections and general suffrage long before this was realized in Sweden . During start of the Riksdag of 1847 , Gripenstedt was elected to the Committee of the State . As a trustee of Carl Henrik Anckarswärd , and later as the owner of estates such as Nynäs Castle in Södermanland , Gripenstedt became a successful entrepreneur within the grain exports and iron industry . In 1848 Gripenstedt was selected , to manys surprise , by King Oscar I to serve as Minister without Portfolio ( ) in his cabinet . The post was first offered to the conservative Jacob Nils Tersmeden , who declined , and King Oscar wanted to rejuvenate his cabinet why he selected Gripenstedt instead . Gripenstedt also served as acting Minister for Finance from 10 January to 21 October 1851 . On 28 May 1856 he was appointed as ( permanent ) Minister for Finance . Influenced by French liberal thinkers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Frédéric Bastiat , Gripenstedt was a leading proponent of free trade and other liberal reforms . He succeeded in getting the Swedish parliament to gradually abolish tariffs and reduce customs duties . In 1865 he signed trade agreements with France , the German Customs Union and Prussia , which resulted in greatly reduced customs duties on many products . His optimistic descriptions in the Swedish parliament in 1857 of the economic situation of the country , the so-called flower paintings ( ) , paved the way for a fast expansion of the Swedish railroad network , which was financed by loans on the international market . Gripenstedt opposed an activist foreign policy , which he saw as a threat to the economic stability of the country . As the Danish-German conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question grew more tense , Gripenstedt and then Prime Minister for Justice Louis De Geer ( also a devoted liberal ) stopped King Charles plan for Swedish military support in the upcoming war . Following his retirement as Minister for Finance on 4 July 1866 , Gripenstedt served as a member of the lower house of the new bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He died in Stockholm on 13 July 1874 ( aged sixty ) , following a long period of illness . He is buried at Bälinge Church in Södermanland . Family life . Gripenstedt married his wife Eva Anckarswärd , the oldest daughter of Colonel August Anckarswärd and Sofia Ulrika Anckarswärd ( née Bonde ) , in 1842 . Together with his wife he had five children . Titles and honours . Gripenstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( ) in 1858 . He was ennobled by King Charles as a baron ( ) on 4 May 1860 . Legacy . Gripenstedt is widely seen as one of the most decisive and influential persons in Swedish political history . As a great speaker and with a good sense of political intrigues and tactics , Gripenstedt was successful in almost everything that he took on . He is not only credited as the one who initiated and guided Swedens transition to a capitalist economy , but also as one of the main architects of the liberal revolution of the 1800s . His reforms changed Sweden definitely into a new direction of liberalized economy and free trade . These new policies ultimately paved the way for the Swedish industrialization . The period from 1870 to 1970 is commonly referred to in Swedish history as the Hundred Years of Growth . During this period Sweden developed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world . In the book Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar ( 100 Most Important Swedes in History ) , written by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson , Gripenstedt was ranked as the twelfth most important Swede in history . External links . - Johan August Gripenstedt - den svenska frihandelns fade |
[
"Minister without Portfolio"
] | easy | Johan August Gripenstedt took which position from Apr 1848 to 1851? | /wiki/Johan_August_Gripenstedt#P39#1 | Johan August Gripenstedt Baron Johan August Gripenstedt ( 11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874 ) was a Swedish businessman and politician . During his political career , Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly ( as a representative of the nobility ) from 1840 to 1848 , Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856 , Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866 , and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance , during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways . Early life and military career . Johan August Gripenstedt was born in the Duchy of Holstein , then part of the German Confederation , where his parents lived at the time . His father Jakob Gripenstedt was a retired Swedish officer . His mother Helena Kristina ( née Weinschenck ) was the daughter of a German physician . The Gripenstedt familys earliest descendant was a man named Hieronimus Berger , born in the Courland region of modern-day Latvia , who immigrated to Sweden and was ennobled with name Gripenstedt in 1691 . Johan August Gripenstedt came to Sweden with his family at the age of four . He grew up at the estate of Gräfsnäs in Västergötland and later , when the estates fee tail ended following his uncles death in 1821 , at the nearby estate of Holmängen . Gripenstedt and his brothers were educated at home , and following his examination in the spring of 1827 he was registered at Uppsala University . However , Gripenstedts plans for a civilian career promptly changed and in 1828 he left the university for the Royal War Academy in Stockholm . After completing his education at the Royal War Academy , Gripenstedt became a Second Lieutenant at the Göta Artillery Regiment in Gothenburg , in 1831 . Following further education at the Marieberg Upper Military School from 1832 to 1835 , Gripenstedt was in 1837 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and , in 1841 , to the rank of Artillery Staff Officer . At this time however , Gripenstedt had already started a new career as a politician . In 1846 he was at his own request released from military service . Politics and entrepreneurship . Gripenstedt first entered politics as a representative of the nobility at the Riksdag of 1840–1841 . He soon distinguished himself as a skillful speaker and was elected to the parliaments Committee on the Accords ( ) . Through his marriage into the Anckarswärd family in 1842 , Gripenstedt became affiliated with the liberal landowners-faction of the parliament , led by Carl Henrik Anckarswärd . In the end of 1841 , Gripenstedt was elected to the parliaments powerful Committee on the Constitution , which at this time worked on a new representative reform . As opposed to the conservative group of the parliament , Gripenstedt was a strong adherent of free elections and general suffrage long before this was realized in Sweden . During start of the Riksdag of 1847 , Gripenstedt was elected to the Committee of the State . As a trustee of Carl Henrik Anckarswärd , and later as the owner of estates such as Nynäs Castle in Södermanland , Gripenstedt became a successful entrepreneur within the grain exports and iron industry . In 1848 Gripenstedt was selected , to manys surprise , by King Oscar I to serve as Minister without Portfolio ( ) in his cabinet . The post was first offered to the conservative Jacob Nils Tersmeden , who declined , and King Oscar wanted to rejuvenate his cabinet why he selected Gripenstedt instead . Gripenstedt also served as acting Minister for Finance from 10 January to 21 October 1851 . On 28 May 1856 he was appointed as ( permanent ) Minister for Finance . Influenced by French liberal thinkers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Frédéric Bastiat , Gripenstedt was a leading proponent of free trade and other liberal reforms . He succeeded in getting the Swedish parliament to gradually abolish tariffs and reduce customs duties . In 1865 he signed trade agreements with France , the German Customs Union and Prussia , which resulted in greatly reduced customs duties on many products . His optimistic descriptions in the Swedish parliament in 1857 of the economic situation of the country , the so-called flower paintings ( ) , paved the way for a fast expansion of the Swedish railroad network , which was financed by loans on the international market . Gripenstedt opposed an activist foreign policy , which he saw as a threat to the economic stability of the country . As the Danish-German conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question grew more tense , Gripenstedt and then Prime Minister for Justice Louis De Geer ( also a devoted liberal ) stopped King Charles plan for Swedish military support in the upcoming war . Following his retirement as Minister for Finance on 4 July 1866 , Gripenstedt served as a member of the lower house of the new bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He died in Stockholm on 13 July 1874 ( aged sixty ) , following a long period of illness . He is buried at Bälinge Church in Södermanland . Family life . Gripenstedt married his wife Eva Anckarswärd , the oldest daughter of Colonel August Anckarswärd and Sofia Ulrika Anckarswärd ( née Bonde ) , in 1842 . Together with his wife he had five children . Titles and honours . Gripenstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( ) in 1858 . He was ennobled by King Charles as a baron ( ) on 4 May 1860 . Legacy . Gripenstedt is widely seen as one of the most decisive and influential persons in Swedish political history . As a great speaker and with a good sense of political intrigues and tactics , Gripenstedt was successful in almost everything that he took on . He is not only credited as the one who initiated and guided Swedens transition to a capitalist economy , but also as one of the main architects of the liberal revolution of the 1800s . His reforms changed Sweden definitely into a new direction of liberalized economy and free trade . These new policies ultimately paved the way for the Swedish industrialization . The period from 1870 to 1970 is commonly referred to in Swedish history as the Hundred Years of Growth . During this period Sweden developed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world . In the book Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar ( 100 Most Important Swedes in History ) , written by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson , Gripenstedt was ranked as the twelfth most important Swede in history . External links . - Johan August Gripenstedt - den svenska frihandelns fade |
[
"Minister for Finance"
] | easy | What was the position of Johan August Gripenstedt from 1851 to Oct 1851? | /wiki/Johan_August_Gripenstedt#P39#2 | Johan August Gripenstedt Baron Johan August Gripenstedt ( 11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874 ) was a Swedish businessman and politician . During his political career , Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly ( as a representative of the nobility ) from 1840 to 1848 , Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856 , Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866 , and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance , during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways . Early life and military career . Johan August Gripenstedt was born in the Duchy of Holstein , then part of the German Confederation , where his parents lived at the time . His father Jakob Gripenstedt was a retired Swedish officer . His mother Helena Kristina ( née Weinschenck ) was the daughter of a German physician . The Gripenstedt familys earliest descendant was a man named Hieronimus Berger , born in the Courland region of modern-day Latvia , who immigrated to Sweden and was ennobled with name Gripenstedt in 1691 . Johan August Gripenstedt came to Sweden with his family at the age of four . He grew up at the estate of Gräfsnäs in Västergötland and later , when the estates fee tail ended following his uncles death in 1821 , at the nearby estate of Holmängen . Gripenstedt and his brothers were educated at home , and following his examination in the spring of 1827 he was registered at Uppsala University . However , Gripenstedts plans for a civilian career promptly changed and in 1828 he left the university for the Royal War Academy in Stockholm . After completing his education at the Royal War Academy , Gripenstedt became a Second Lieutenant at the Göta Artillery Regiment in Gothenburg , in 1831 . Following further education at the Marieberg Upper Military School from 1832 to 1835 , Gripenstedt was in 1837 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and , in 1841 , to the rank of Artillery Staff Officer . At this time however , Gripenstedt had already started a new career as a politician . In 1846 he was at his own request released from military service . Politics and entrepreneurship . Gripenstedt first entered politics as a representative of the nobility at the Riksdag of 1840–1841 . He soon distinguished himself as a skillful speaker and was elected to the parliaments Committee on the Accords ( ) . Through his marriage into the Anckarswärd family in 1842 , Gripenstedt became affiliated with the liberal landowners-faction of the parliament , led by Carl Henrik Anckarswärd . In the end of 1841 , Gripenstedt was elected to the parliaments powerful Committee on the Constitution , which at this time worked on a new representative reform . As opposed to the conservative group of the parliament , Gripenstedt was a strong adherent of free elections and general suffrage long before this was realized in Sweden . During start of the Riksdag of 1847 , Gripenstedt was elected to the Committee of the State . As a trustee of Carl Henrik Anckarswärd , and later as the owner of estates such as Nynäs Castle in Södermanland , Gripenstedt became a successful entrepreneur within the grain exports and iron industry . In 1848 Gripenstedt was selected , to manys surprise , by King Oscar I to serve as Minister without Portfolio ( ) in his cabinet . The post was first offered to the conservative Jacob Nils Tersmeden , who declined , and King Oscar wanted to rejuvenate his cabinet why he selected Gripenstedt instead . Gripenstedt also served as acting Minister for Finance from 10 January to 21 October 1851 . On 28 May 1856 he was appointed as ( permanent ) Minister for Finance . Influenced by French liberal thinkers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Frédéric Bastiat , Gripenstedt was a leading proponent of free trade and other liberal reforms . He succeeded in getting the Swedish parliament to gradually abolish tariffs and reduce customs duties . In 1865 he signed trade agreements with France , the German Customs Union and Prussia , which resulted in greatly reduced customs duties on many products . His optimistic descriptions in the Swedish parliament in 1857 of the economic situation of the country , the so-called flower paintings ( ) , paved the way for a fast expansion of the Swedish railroad network , which was financed by loans on the international market . Gripenstedt opposed an activist foreign policy , which he saw as a threat to the economic stability of the country . As the Danish-German conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question grew more tense , Gripenstedt and then Prime Minister for Justice Louis De Geer ( also a devoted liberal ) stopped King Charles plan for Swedish military support in the upcoming war . Following his retirement as Minister for Finance on 4 July 1866 , Gripenstedt served as a member of the lower house of the new bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He died in Stockholm on 13 July 1874 ( aged sixty ) , following a long period of illness . He is buried at Bälinge Church in Södermanland . Family life . Gripenstedt married his wife Eva Anckarswärd , the oldest daughter of Colonel August Anckarswärd and Sofia Ulrika Anckarswärd ( née Bonde ) , in 1842 . Together with his wife he had five children . Titles and honours . Gripenstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( ) in 1858 . He was ennobled by King Charles as a baron ( ) on 4 May 1860 . Legacy . Gripenstedt is widely seen as one of the most decisive and influential persons in Swedish political history . As a great speaker and with a good sense of political intrigues and tactics , Gripenstedt was successful in almost everything that he took on . He is not only credited as the one who initiated and guided Swedens transition to a capitalist economy , but also as one of the main architects of the liberal revolution of the 1800s . His reforms changed Sweden definitely into a new direction of liberalized economy and free trade . These new policies ultimately paved the way for the Swedish industrialization . The period from 1870 to 1970 is commonly referred to in Swedish history as the Hundred Years of Growth . During this period Sweden developed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world . In the book Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar ( 100 Most Important Swedes in History ) , written by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson , Gripenstedt was ranked as the twelfth most important Swede in history . External links . - Johan August Gripenstedt - den svenska frihandelns fade |
[
"Minister for Finance"
] | easy | Which position did Johan August Gripenstedt hold from May 1856 to Jul 1866? | /wiki/Johan_August_Gripenstedt#P39#3 | Johan August Gripenstedt Baron Johan August Gripenstedt ( 11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874 ) was a Swedish businessman and politician . During his political career , Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly ( as a representative of the nobility ) from 1840 to 1848 , Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856 , Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866 , and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance , during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways . Early life and military career . Johan August Gripenstedt was born in the Duchy of Holstein , then part of the German Confederation , where his parents lived at the time . His father Jakob Gripenstedt was a retired Swedish officer . His mother Helena Kristina ( née Weinschenck ) was the daughter of a German physician . The Gripenstedt familys earliest descendant was a man named Hieronimus Berger , born in the Courland region of modern-day Latvia , who immigrated to Sweden and was ennobled with name Gripenstedt in 1691 . Johan August Gripenstedt came to Sweden with his family at the age of four . He grew up at the estate of Gräfsnäs in Västergötland and later , when the estates fee tail ended following his uncles death in 1821 , at the nearby estate of Holmängen . Gripenstedt and his brothers were educated at home , and following his examination in the spring of 1827 he was registered at Uppsala University . However , Gripenstedts plans for a civilian career promptly changed and in 1828 he left the university for the Royal War Academy in Stockholm . After completing his education at the Royal War Academy , Gripenstedt became a Second Lieutenant at the Göta Artillery Regiment in Gothenburg , in 1831 . Following further education at the Marieberg Upper Military School from 1832 to 1835 , Gripenstedt was in 1837 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and , in 1841 , to the rank of Artillery Staff Officer . At this time however , Gripenstedt had already started a new career as a politician . In 1846 he was at his own request released from military service . Politics and entrepreneurship . Gripenstedt first entered politics as a representative of the nobility at the Riksdag of 1840–1841 . He soon distinguished himself as a skillful speaker and was elected to the parliaments Committee on the Accords ( ) . Through his marriage into the Anckarswärd family in 1842 , Gripenstedt became affiliated with the liberal landowners-faction of the parliament , led by Carl Henrik Anckarswärd . In the end of 1841 , Gripenstedt was elected to the parliaments powerful Committee on the Constitution , which at this time worked on a new representative reform . As opposed to the conservative group of the parliament , Gripenstedt was a strong adherent of free elections and general suffrage long before this was realized in Sweden . During start of the Riksdag of 1847 , Gripenstedt was elected to the Committee of the State . As a trustee of Carl Henrik Anckarswärd , and later as the owner of estates such as Nynäs Castle in Södermanland , Gripenstedt became a successful entrepreneur within the grain exports and iron industry . In 1848 Gripenstedt was selected , to manys surprise , by King Oscar I to serve as Minister without Portfolio ( ) in his cabinet . The post was first offered to the conservative Jacob Nils Tersmeden , who declined , and King Oscar wanted to rejuvenate his cabinet why he selected Gripenstedt instead . Gripenstedt also served as acting Minister for Finance from 10 January to 21 October 1851 . On 28 May 1856 he was appointed as ( permanent ) Minister for Finance . Influenced by French liberal thinkers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Frédéric Bastiat , Gripenstedt was a leading proponent of free trade and other liberal reforms . He succeeded in getting the Swedish parliament to gradually abolish tariffs and reduce customs duties . In 1865 he signed trade agreements with France , the German Customs Union and Prussia , which resulted in greatly reduced customs duties on many products . His optimistic descriptions in the Swedish parliament in 1857 of the economic situation of the country , the so-called flower paintings ( ) , paved the way for a fast expansion of the Swedish railroad network , which was financed by loans on the international market . Gripenstedt opposed an activist foreign policy , which he saw as a threat to the economic stability of the country . As the Danish-German conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question grew more tense , Gripenstedt and then Prime Minister for Justice Louis De Geer ( also a devoted liberal ) stopped King Charles plan for Swedish military support in the upcoming war . Following his retirement as Minister for Finance on 4 July 1866 , Gripenstedt served as a member of the lower house of the new bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He died in Stockholm on 13 July 1874 ( aged sixty ) , following a long period of illness . He is buried at Bälinge Church in Södermanland . Family life . Gripenstedt married his wife Eva Anckarswärd , the oldest daughter of Colonel August Anckarswärd and Sofia Ulrika Anckarswärd ( née Bonde ) , in 1842 . Together with his wife he had five children . Titles and honours . Gripenstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( ) in 1858 . He was ennobled by King Charles as a baron ( ) on 4 May 1860 . Legacy . Gripenstedt is widely seen as one of the most decisive and influential persons in Swedish political history . As a great speaker and with a good sense of political intrigues and tactics , Gripenstedt was successful in almost everything that he took on . He is not only credited as the one who initiated and guided Swedens transition to a capitalist economy , but also as one of the main architects of the liberal revolution of the 1800s . His reforms changed Sweden definitely into a new direction of liberalized economy and free trade . These new policies ultimately paved the way for the Swedish industrialization . The period from 1870 to 1970 is commonly referred to in Swedish history as the Hundred Years of Growth . During this period Sweden developed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world . In the book Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar ( 100 Most Important Swedes in History ) , written by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson , Gripenstedt was ranked as the twelfth most important Swede in history . External links . - Johan August Gripenstedt - den svenska frihandelns fade |
[
"member of the lower house"
] | easy | What was the position of Johan August Gripenstedt from 1867 to 1873? | /wiki/Johan_August_Gripenstedt#P39#4 | Johan August Gripenstedt Baron Johan August Gripenstedt ( 11 August 1813 – 13 July 1874 ) was a Swedish businessman and politician . During his political career , Gripenstedt was a member of the Swedish Estates Assembly ( as a representative of the nobility ) from 1840 to 1848 , Minister without Portfolio from 1848 to 1856 , Minister for Finance from 1856 to 1866 , and Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He is best known for his ten years tenure as Minister for Finance , during which he introduced many liberal economic reforms and fought for issues such as free trade and state owned railways . Early life and military career . Johan August Gripenstedt was born in the Duchy of Holstein , then part of the German Confederation , where his parents lived at the time . His father Jakob Gripenstedt was a retired Swedish officer . His mother Helena Kristina ( née Weinschenck ) was the daughter of a German physician . The Gripenstedt familys earliest descendant was a man named Hieronimus Berger , born in the Courland region of modern-day Latvia , who immigrated to Sweden and was ennobled with name Gripenstedt in 1691 . Johan August Gripenstedt came to Sweden with his family at the age of four . He grew up at the estate of Gräfsnäs in Västergötland and later , when the estates fee tail ended following his uncles death in 1821 , at the nearby estate of Holmängen . Gripenstedt and his brothers were educated at home , and following his examination in the spring of 1827 he was registered at Uppsala University . However , Gripenstedts plans for a civilian career promptly changed and in 1828 he left the university for the Royal War Academy in Stockholm . After completing his education at the Royal War Academy , Gripenstedt became a Second Lieutenant at the Göta Artillery Regiment in Gothenburg , in 1831 . Following further education at the Marieberg Upper Military School from 1832 to 1835 , Gripenstedt was in 1837 promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and , in 1841 , to the rank of Artillery Staff Officer . At this time however , Gripenstedt had already started a new career as a politician . In 1846 he was at his own request released from military service . Politics and entrepreneurship . Gripenstedt first entered politics as a representative of the nobility at the Riksdag of 1840–1841 . He soon distinguished himself as a skillful speaker and was elected to the parliaments Committee on the Accords ( ) . Through his marriage into the Anckarswärd family in 1842 , Gripenstedt became affiliated with the liberal landowners-faction of the parliament , led by Carl Henrik Anckarswärd . In the end of 1841 , Gripenstedt was elected to the parliaments powerful Committee on the Constitution , which at this time worked on a new representative reform . As opposed to the conservative group of the parliament , Gripenstedt was a strong adherent of free elections and general suffrage long before this was realized in Sweden . During start of the Riksdag of 1847 , Gripenstedt was elected to the Committee of the State . As a trustee of Carl Henrik Anckarswärd , and later as the owner of estates such as Nynäs Castle in Södermanland , Gripenstedt became a successful entrepreneur within the grain exports and iron industry . In 1848 Gripenstedt was selected , to manys surprise , by King Oscar I to serve as Minister without Portfolio ( ) in his cabinet . The post was first offered to the conservative Jacob Nils Tersmeden , who declined , and King Oscar wanted to rejuvenate his cabinet why he selected Gripenstedt instead . Gripenstedt also served as acting Minister for Finance from 10 January to 21 October 1851 . On 28 May 1856 he was appointed as ( permanent ) Minister for Finance . Influenced by French liberal thinkers such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Frédéric Bastiat , Gripenstedt was a leading proponent of free trade and other liberal reforms . He succeeded in getting the Swedish parliament to gradually abolish tariffs and reduce customs duties . In 1865 he signed trade agreements with France , the German Customs Union and Prussia , which resulted in greatly reduced customs duties on many products . His optimistic descriptions in the Swedish parliament in 1857 of the economic situation of the country , the so-called flower paintings ( ) , paved the way for a fast expansion of the Swedish railroad network , which was financed by loans on the international market . Gripenstedt opposed an activist foreign policy , which he saw as a threat to the economic stability of the country . As the Danish-German conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question grew more tense , Gripenstedt and then Prime Minister for Justice Louis De Geer ( also a devoted liberal ) stopped King Charles plan for Swedish military support in the upcoming war . Following his retirement as Minister for Finance on 4 July 1866 , Gripenstedt served as a member of the lower house of the new bicameral parliament from 1867 to 1873 . He died in Stockholm on 13 July 1874 ( aged sixty ) , following a long period of illness . He is buried at Bälinge Church in Södermanland . Family life . Gripenstedt married his wife Eva Anckarswärd , the oldest daughter of Colonel August Anckarswärd and Sofia Ulrika Anckarswärd ( née Bonde ) , in 1842 . Together with his wife he had five children . Titles and honours . Gripenstedt was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( ) in 1858 . He was ennobled by King Charles as a baron ( ) on 4 May 1860 . Legacy . Gripenstedt is widely seen as one of the most decisive and influential persons in Swedish political history . As a great speaker and with a good sense of political intrigues and tactics , Gripenstedt was successful in almost everything that he took on . He is not only credited as the one who initiated and guided Swedens transition to a capitalist economy , but also as one of the main architects of the liberal revolution of the 1800s . His reforms changed Sweden definitely into a new direction of liberalized economy and free trade . These new policies ultimately paved the way for the Swedish industrialization . The period from 1870 to 1970 is commonly referred to in Swedish history as the Hundred Years of Growth . During this period Sweden developed from one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest and most prosperous countries in the world . In the book Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar ( 100 Most Important Swedes in History ) , written by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson , Gripenstedt was ranked as the twelfth most important Swede in history . External links . - Johan August Gripenstedt - den svenska frihandelns fade |
[
"Diet of Bosnia"
] | easy | Which political party did Nikola Mandić belong to from 1910 to 1919? | /wiki/Nikola_Mandić#P102#0 | Nikola Mandić Nikola Mandić ( ; 20 January 1869 – 7 June 1945 ) was a Croatian politician who served as a Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) during World War II . He was executed by the Yugoslav Partisans as a war criminal on 7 June 1945 . Early life . Nikola Mandić was born in the town of Travnik on 20 January 1869 , to a Bosnian Croat family . He finished gymnasium in Sarajevo and went on to study law at the University of Vienna , where he received a doctorate in law in 1894 . Mandić returned to Sarajevo and worked as a judicial clerk before becoming an attorney . Political career . Austria-Hungary . In the early 1900s , Mandić became one of the most influential Croat politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 1907 , he and other Croat politicians founded a political party known as the Croat Peoples Union ( , HNZ ) . The party received approval from Austria-Hungary in November 1907 , and Mandić was elected party leader at its founding assembly in February 1908 . At the time , he was serving as deputy mayor of Sarajevo . On 6 October 1908 , Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina . Mandić unconditionally supported the move , reasoning that the annexation would make it easier for the two regions to later be united with the nominally autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . He also believed that Bosnia and Herzegovina should receive the status of empires land , ruled jointly by both Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . Mandić became a member of the Diet of Bosnia ( Bosanski sabor ) in 1910 , representing the HNZ . He was elected Speaker of the Diet in 1911 and was named vice-governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina by decree of Emperor Franz Joseph . Mandić was also the founder and first president of the Croatian Central Bank ( Hrvatska centralna banka , HCB ) , as well as its subsidiary , the Agricultural Bank of Sarajevo ( Poljoprivredna banka u Sarajevu , PBS ) . He also founded a Croatian choir called Trebević . Mandić remained a member of the Bosnian Diet until Austria-Hungarys dissolution in November 1918 . Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Following the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , Mandić was chosen to become a deputy in the National Assembly , but never took office because prominent Serbian politicians vetoed his appointment . In 1920 , Mandić was appointed to the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , representing the Croatian Popular Party ( Hrvatska pučka stranka ) . At the assembly , he became notable as an advocate of Croatian , as opposed to Yugoslav , political aims . He expressed his opposition to King Alexanders Vidovdan Constitution and voted against it on 28 June 1921 , when it was passed with 223 voted for , 35 voted against and 161 abstained . Disappointed by the outcome of the vote , Mandić tendered his resignation from the assembly . Independent State of Croatia . Mandić was living as a retired government functionary at the time the Independent State of Croatia ( Nezavisna Država Hrvatska , NDH ) was declared . He worked as an attorney and served as president of the Sarajevo Chamber of Attorneys until September 1943 . On 2 September 1943 , Poglavnik Ante Pavelić offered Mandić the post of Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia . Mandić accepted the offer . His appointment was met with mixed feelings , and infuriated politicians such as Mladen Lorković , Mile Starčević and Vladimir Košak , some of whom threatened to resign due to the decision . They brought up Mandićs age and questioned whether he would be able to serve to the best of his ability . Immediately , Mandić became involved in discussions with the Croatian Peasant Party ( , HSS ) regarding the composition and character of the Government of the Independent State of Croatia . He advocated the creation of a coalition government , while prominent HSS member August Košutić voiced support for a clerical , partisan one which distanced the Ustaše from Croatian state politics . The discussions ended in late September 1943 , with no political compromise reached . On 1 March 1944 , Mandić and Croatian Foreign Minister Stijepo Perić visited Adolf Hitler at the Schloss Klessheim , a Baroque palace located west of Salzburg . German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was also in attendance . At the meeting , Hitler stressed that he considered Croatia an ally and partner and maintained that Serbia was merely a conquered state , stating : [ the ] Serbs will never be [ Germanys ] friends . Mandić and Perić complained to Hitler that the staff officers of the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar ( 1st Croatian ) were promoting the autonomy of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Hitler disagreed with Mandićs assessment of the division , but later reached a compromise with Muslim autonomists whereby the division would remain in Bosnia and be used to defend its Muslim population . In return , the autonomists promised Hitler that they would support Bosnia and Herzegovinas integration into the NDH . Mandić led an NDH government delegation to Sarajevo in late April 1944 . There , he was presented with a memorandum documenting the persecution of Muslims by the Ustaše . Croatian politicians quickly condemned the memorandum , calling it one of the greatest Muslim assaults...on the sovereignty and unity of the NDH . In March 1945 , Mandić called for NDH citizens of all ethnicities to voice their thoughts on the Ustaše , the war and the communist Yugoslav Partisans . With his backing , the NDH drafted a memorandum to British Field Marshal Harold Alexander , Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commander of the 18th Army Group in Tunisia , expressing a desire to defect to the Allies in the wake of Hitlers death . The memorandum was ignored . Together with the rest of the Croatian government , Mandić left Zagreb on 8 May 1945 and withdrew towards the Austrian border . He surrendered to the British on 15 May and demanded political asylum . The British ignored his requests and handed him over to the Partisans three days later , on 18 May . Mandić was charged with various war crimes and put before a military tribunal in Zagreb . Mandić was convicted and sentenced to death on 6 June 1945 . His execution was carried out the following day . |
[
"Croatian Popular Party"
] | easy | Which political party did Nikola Mandić belong to from 1919 to 1929? | /wiki/Nikola_Mandić#P102#1 | Nikola Mandić Nikola Mandić ( ; 20 January 1869 – 7 June 1945 ) was a Croatian politician who served as a Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) during World War II . He was executed by the Yugoslav Partisans as a war criminal on 7 June 1945 . Early life . Nikola Mandić was born in the town of Travnik on 20 January 1869 , to a Bosnian Croat family . He finished gymnasium in Sarajevo and went on to study law at the University of Vienna , where he received a doctorate in law in 1894 . Mandić returned to Sarajevo and worked as a judicial clerk before becoming an attorney . Political career . Austria-Hungary . In the early 1900s , Mandić became one of the most influential Croat politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 1907 , he and other Croat politicians founded a political party known as the Croat Peoples Union ( , HNZ ) . The party received approval from Austria-Hungary in November 1907 , and Mandić was elected party leader at its founding assembly in February 1908 . At the time , he was serving as deputy mayor of Sarajevo . On 6 October 1908 , Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina . Mandić unconditionally supported the move , reasoning that the annexation would make it easier for the two regions to later be united with the nominally autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . He also believed that Bosnia and Herzegovina should receive the status of empires land , ruled jointly by both Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . Mandić became a member of the Diet of Bosnia ( Bosanski sabor ) in 1910 , representing the HNZ . He was elected Speaker of the Diet in 1911 and was named vice-governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina by decree of Emperor Franz Joseph . Mandić was also the founder and first president of the Croatian Central Bank ( Hrvatska centralna banka , HCB ) , as well as its subsidiary , the Agricultural Bank of Sarajevo ( Poljoprivredna banka u Sarajevu , PBS ) . He also founded a Croatian choir called Trebević . Mandić remained a member of the Bosnian Diet until Austria-Hungarys dissolution in November 1918 . Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Following the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , Mandić was chosen to become a deputy in the National Assembly , but never took office because prominent Serbian politicians vetoed his appointment . In 1920 , Mandić was appointed to the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , representing the Croatian Popular Party ( Hrvatska pučka stranka ) . At the assembly , he became notable as an advocate of Croatian , as opposed to Yugoslav , political aims . He expressed his opposition to King Alexanders Vidovdan Constitution and voted against it on 28 June 1921 , when it was passed with 223 voted for , 35 voted against and 161 abstained . Disappointed by the outcome of the vote , Mandić tendered his resignation from the assembly . Independent State of Croatia . Mandić was living as a retired government functionary at the time the Independent State of Croatia ( Nezavisna Država Hrvatska , NDH ) was declared . He worked as an attorney and served as president of the Sarajevo Chamber of Attorneys until September 1943 . On 2 September 1943 , Poglavnik Ante Pavelić offered Mandić the post of Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia . Mandić accepted the offer . His appointment was met with mixed feelings , and infuriated politicians such as Mladen Lorković , Mile Starčević and Vladimir Košak , some of whom threatened to resign due to the decision . They brought up Mandićs age and questioned whether he would be able to serve to the best of his ability . Immediately , Mandić became involved in discussions with the Croatian Peasant Party ( , HSS ) regarding the composition and character of the Government of the Independent State of Croatia . He advocated the creation of a coalition government , while prominent HSS member August Košutić voiced support for a clerical , partisan one which distanced the Ustaše from Croatian state politics . The discussions ended in late September 1943 , with no political compromise reached . On 1 March 1944 , Mandić and Croatian Foreign Minister Stijepo Perić visited Adolf Hitler at the Schloss Klessheim , a Baroque palace located west of Salzburg . German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was also in attendance . At the meeting , Hitler stressed that he considered Croatia an ally and partner and maintained that Serbia was merely a conquered state , stating : [ the ] Serbs will never be [ Germanys ] friends . Mandić and Perić complained to Hitler that the staff officers of the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar ( 1st Croatian ) were promoting the autonomy of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Hitler disagreed with Mandićs assessment of the division , but later reached a compromise with Muslim autonomists whereby the division would remain in Bosnia and be used to defend its Muslim population . In return , the autonomists promised Hitler that they would support Bosnia and Herzegovinas integration into the NDH . Mandić led an NDH government delegation to Sarajevo in late April 1944 . There , he was presented with a memorandum documenting the persecution of Muslims by the Ustaše . Croatian politicians quickly condemned the memorandum , calling it one of the greatest Muslim assaults...on the sovereignty and unity of the NDH . In March 1945 , Mandić called for NDH citizens of all ethnicities to voice their thoughts on the Ustaše , the war and the communist Yugoslav Partisans . With his backing , the NDH drafted a memorandum to British Field Marshal Harold Alexander , Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commander of the 18th Army Group in Tunisia , expressing a desire to defect to the Allies in the wake of Hitlers death . The memorandum was ignored . Together with the rest of the Croatian government , Mandić left Zagreb on 8 May 1945 and withdrew towards the Austrian border . He surrendered to the British on 15 May and demanded political asylum . The British ignored his requests and handed him over to the Partisans three days later , on 18 May . Mandić was charged with various war crimes and put before a military tribunal in Zagreb . Mandić was convicted and sentenced to death on 6 June 1945 . His execution was carried out the following day . |
[
""
] | easy | Which party was Nikola Mandić a member of from 1929 to 1945? | /wiki/Nikola_Mandić#P102#2 | Nikola Mandić Nikola Mandić ( ; 20 January 1869 – 7 June 1945 ) was a Croatian politician who served as a Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) during World War II . He was executed by the Yugoslav Partisans as a war criminal on 7 June 1945 . Early life . Nikola Mandić was born in the town of Travnik on 20 January 1869 , to a Bosnian Croat family . He finished gymnasium in Sarajevo and went on to study law at the University of Vienna , where he received a doctorate in law in 1894 . Mandić returned to Sarajevo and worked as a judicial clerk before becoming an attorney . Political career . Austria-Hungary . In the early 1900s , Mandić became one of the most influential Croat politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 1907 , he and other Croat politicians founded a political party known as the Croat Peoples Union ( , HNZ ) . The party received approval from Austria-Hungary in November 1907 , and Mandić was elected party leader at its founding assembly in February 1908 . At the time , he was serving as deputy mayor of Sarajevo . On 6 October 1908 , Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina . Mandić unconditionally supported the move , reasoning that the annexation would make it easier for the two regions to later be united with the nominally autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia . He also believed that Bosnia and Herzegovina should receive the status of empires land , ruled jointly by both Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary . Mandić became a member of the Diet of Bosnia ( Bosanski sabor ) in 1910 , representing the HNZ . He was elected Speaker of the Diet in 1911 and was named vice-governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina by decree of Emperor Franz Joseph . Mandić was also the founder and first president of the Croatian Central Bank ( Hrvatska centralna banka , HCB ) , as well as its subsidiary , the Agricultural Bank of Sarajevo ( Poljoprivredna banka u Sarajevu , PBS ) . He also founded a Croatian choir called Trebević . Mandić remained a member of the Bosnian Diet until Austria-Hungarys dissolution in November 1918 . Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Following the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , Mandić was chosen to become a deputy in the National Assembly , but never took office because prominent Serbian politicians vetoed his appointment . In 1920 , Mandić was appointed to the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , representing the Croatian Popular Party ( Hrvatska pučka stranka ) . At the assembly , he became notable as an advocate of Croatian , as opposed to Yugoslav , political aims . He expressed his opposition to King Alexanders Vidovdan Constitution and voted against it on 28 June 1921 , when it was passed with 223 voted for , 35 voted against and 161 abstained . Disappointed by the outcome of the vote , Mandić tendered his resignation from the assembly . Independent State of Croatia . Mandić was living as a retired government functionary at the time the Independent State of Croatia ( Nezavisna Država Hrvatska , NDH ) was declared . He worked as an attorney and served as president of the Sarajevo Chamber of Attorneys until September 1943 . On 2 September 1943 , Poglavnik Ante Pavelić offered Mandić the post of Prime Minister of the Independent State of Croatia . Mandić accepted the offer . His appointment was met with mixed feelings , and infuriated politicians such as Mladen Lorković , Mile Starčević and Vladimir Košak , some of whom threatened to resign due to the decision . They brought up Mandićs age and questioned whether he would be able to serve to the best of his ability . Immediately , Mandić became involved in discussions with the Croatian Peasant Party ( , HSS ) regarding the composition and character of the Government of the Independent State of Croatia . He advocated the creation of a coalition government , while prominent HSS member August Košutić voiced support for a clerical , partisan one which distanced the Ustaše from Croatian state politics . The discussions ended in late September 1943 , with no political compromise reached . On 1 March 1944 , Mandić and Croatian Foreign Minister Stijepo Perić visited Adolf Hitler at the Schloss Klessheim , a Baroque palace located west of Salzburg . German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was also in attendance . At the meeting , Hitler stressed that he considered Croatia an ally and partner and maintained that Serbia was merely a conquered state , stating : [ the ] Serbs will never be [ Germanys ] friends . Mandić and Perić complained to Hitler that the staff officers of the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar ( 1st Croatian ) were promoting the autonomy of Bosnia and Herzegovina . Hitler disagreed with Mandićs assessment of the division , but later reached a compromise with Muslim autonomists whereby the division would remain in Bosnia and be used to defend its Muslim population . In return , the autonomists promised Hitler that they would support Bosnia and Herzegovinas integration into the NDH . Mandić led an NDH government delegation to Sarajevo in late April 1944 . There , he was presented with a memorandum documenting the persecution of Muslims by the Ustaše . Croatian politicians quickly condemned the memorandum , calling it one of the greatest Muslim assaults...on the sovereignty and unity of the NDH . In March 1945 , Mandić called for NDH citizens of all ethnicities to voice their thoughts on the Ustaše , the war and the communist Yugoslav Partisans . With his backing , the NDH drafted a memorandum to British Field Marshal Harold Alexander , Commander-in-Chief Middle East and commander of the 18th Army Group in Tunisia , expressing a desire to defect to the Allies in the wake of Hitlers death . The memorandum was ignored . Together with the rest of the Croatian government , Mandić left Zagreb on 8 May 1945 and withdrew towards the Austrian border . He surrendered to the British on 15 May and demanded political asylum . The British ignored his requests and handed him over to the Partisans three days later , on 18 May . Mandić was charged with various war crimes and put before a military tribunal in Zagreb . Mandić was convicted and sentenced to death on 6 June 1945 . His execution was carried out the following day . |
[
"Stevenage Borough"
] | easy | Which team did the player Akpo Sodje belong to from 2001 to 2002? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#0 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Margate"
] | easy | Akpo Sodje played for which team from 2002 to 2003? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#1 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Erith & Belvedere"
] | easy | Akpo Sodje played for which team from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#2 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Port Vale"
] | easy | Akpo Sodje played for which team from 2006 to 2007? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#3 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Port Vale"
] | easy | Which team did the player Akpo Sodje belong to from 2007 to 2010? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#4 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Hibernian"
] | easy | Which team did the player Akpo Sodje belong to from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Akpo_Sodje#P54#5 | Akpo Sodje Idoro Akpoeyere Ujoma Akpo Sodje ( born 31 January 1980 ) is an English former professional footballer . A journeyman striker , he is usually an instantly recognisable figure on the pitch due to his original – and most of all colourful – hairstyles . With Queens Park Rangers in 2001 , he was loaned out to Stevenage Borough , before beginning a career in non-league football with Margate in 2001 . He moved on to Heybridge Swifts via Gravesend & Northfleet the following year , before joining Erith & Belvedere in 2003 . He rejoined the Football League with Huddersfield Town in 2004 , before joining Darlington the next year , after a successful loan spell . He spent the 2006–07 season with Port Vale , before becoming a Sheffield Wednesday player . He found success and popularity at both clubs , before he joined Charlton Athletic in 2010 , after two loan spells . He moved into Scottish football with Hibernian in 2011 , before departing in January 2012 . Two months later he emigrated to China to sign with Tianjin TEDA to become the first English footballer in the Chinese Super League . He returned to the English game in August 2012 , when he joined Preston North End for a brief spell . He joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term basis in January 2013 , before signing with Tranmere Rovers in July 2013 . He was loaned out to Macclesfield Town in February 2014 . After three of his brothers , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje , were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud in September 2017 ( having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation ) , a European Arrest Warrant was issued in relation to Akpo . Family sporting connections . Born in Greenwich , London , his family originate from Warri , in Delta State , Nigeria . Sodje has four brothers who also play football ; three of them professionally and one semi-professionally . Sam and Efe have represented Nigeria at international level . Steve , has never played a Football League game . Another brother , Bright , used to play rugby league and rugby union . His cousin Onome Sodje , also played professionally in England . Akpo is the youngest of the ten Sodje children : Playing career . Early career . He was signed to First Division Queens Park Rangers , though never made an appearance , instead was loaned out to Conference National outfit Stevenage Borough in March 2001 . He scored on his first outing for the club , in a 2–1 win at Morecambe on 31 March , replacing Darran Hay on 36 minutes . He was still with Stevenage for the start of the 2001–02 season , getting sent off against Doncaster Rovers on 27 August . He left Broadhall Way the next month for Margate , making 16 appearances before the seasons end , scoring goals against Yeovil Town , Woking and Hayes . He began 2002–03 with Margate , playing in their 2–0 defeat at Leigh Genesis on 31 August . The next month he joined Gravesend & Northfleet , scoring on his debut on the 7th , in a 4–1 home win over Nuneaton Borough . Seven days later he scored against Forest Green Rovers , before he made his final appearance on 2 November , getting sent off in a 2–1 defeat at Halifax Town . He was released later in the month and had spells with virtual unknowns Heybridge Swifts ( Isthmian League ) and Erith & Belvedere ( Southern Football League ) . At age 24 ( at the time he was often reported as 22 or 23 ) , he got a second chance at a professional career , joining Huddersfield Town of League One . He was handed a three-month deal in September 2004 , his foot in the door because his brother Efe was captain of the club . He replaced Andy Booth 86 minutes into a 3–0 win at Vale Park on 11 September , Pawel Abbott grabbing the headlines with a hat-trick . In November his contract was extended by six months , allowing him further time to impress boss Peter Jackson . In all he made nine appearances for the Terriers in 2004–05 , getting just two starts and impressing only in the reserves . In March 2005 he was loaned out to League Two Darlington , after impressing on trial , and scored in the final moments of the season in a 3–1 home win over Cheltenham Town . He was released by Huddersfield in May . He spent 2005–06 with Darlington . He made 39 appearances , scoring eight goals , including a hat-trick at Chester City in a 4–4 draw on 27 August . His performances caught the eye of Port Vales manager Martin Foyle , who won his signature in May 2006 . Port Vale . On 5 August 2006 , his prolific strike partnership with Leon Constantine had begun – Constantine scoring a brace and Sodje putting the third past Leyton Orient in a 3–0 win . Three days later he scored the only goal at Boundary Park . The pair teamed up to put one each past Preston North End in the League Cup , by the seasons end the pair had 42 goals , sixteen coming from Sodje . On 10 March 2007 , he also became the first Port Vale player to score four goals in an away league match since Lewis Campbell in 1893 , as Vale completed a 5–1 victory at Millmoor against Rotherham United . His hat-trick came in just 18 minutes to break a spell of eight games without scoring . Awarded with the player of the year award , he stated his aim of trying to beat Constantines 26 goals last season and try to get Vale into the Championship in 2007–08 . Sheffield Wednesday . Vale sold Sodje for an undisclosed fee ( later reported to be £300,000 ) in August 2007 , and the player signed a three-year contract with Sheffield Wednesday . The bid ( believed to be around £300,000 ) was made after Sodje was placed on the transfer list , at his own request . At the same time , Wednesday were also attempting to buy Sam from Reading , though the deal did not go through . He made his debut by coming on as a substitute for Jermaine Johnson in the 63rd minute on 1 September 2007 at Hillsborough , against Bristol City in a 1–0 loss . His full debut came in another 1–0 loss against Preston at Deepdale on 15 September . He scored his first goal for the club on 3 November away at Plymouth Argyle in the 52nd minute to help his club win 2–1 . After not scoring in his first six starts and two substitute appearances his first goal spurred him on to score a total of seven league goals in 16 starts and three substitute appearances in his first season at the club , including a brace in a 5–0 victory over Southampton on 10 November . After being hailed by some Wednesdayites as The black David Hirst , because of his strength and determination , Sodje cemented his place in Wednesday folklore with the opening goal in their 2–0 win over fierce rivals Sheffield United on 19 January . Unfortunately for his new fans , his season was cut short by an ankle injury in February . Despite this setback , he was still voted striker of the year by fans of the club . Sodje started the 2008–09 season by scoring two goals and setting one up for strike partner Marcus Tudgay in a 4–1 win over Burnley . However , he also picked up a hamstring injury in the match and had to be substituted after just 21 minutes . He made his return coming off of the bench for Jermaine Johnson after 68 minutes against local rivals Sheffield United . Injury limited him to only nine further appearances that season . He picked up a hamstring injury in April . Charlton Athletic . On 14 November , Sodje joined his brother Sam at Charlton Athletic . Initially signed on a 28-day emergency loan , this signing was made with an option of making the deal permanent . He made his debut on the same day , coming on for Dave Mooney . Sodje scored at Yeovil Town seven days later , after his brother was sent off . On 31 January 2010 , he returned to Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season . On 20 May 2010 , Sodje signed a permanent deal with the Addicks after participating in enough games to activate a clause in his loan deal . Sodje mainly appeared for Charlton as a substitute during the 2010–11 season . His only goal this season came on the opening day in a 1–0 victory for Charlton over Bournemouth . Hibernian . Sodje signed for Scottish Premier League ( SPL ) side Hibernian on a free transfer on 31 January 2011 . He made his debut two days later , setting up the opening goal in a 2–0 win against St Mirren . Sodje scored his first goal for the club in their next game , a 2–1 win over Kilmarnock . Sodje scored six goals for Hibs in the latter part of the 2010–11 season , as well as winning a penalty in an Edinburgh derby which saw opposing player Marius Žaliūkas sent off , but became a squad player in the following season . In January 2012 , Hibs allowed Sodje to join Belgian club K.V.C . Westerlo on trial , and then released him from his contract on 31 January . Tianjin Teda . In March 2012 , he signed a contract with Chinese Super League side Tianjin TEDA , then managed by Josip Kuže . The club represent the city of Tianjin , and play at the 37,450 capacity TEDA Football Stadium . The league restricts clubs to sign at most five non-Chinese players , the other four in 2012 being Lucian Goian , Sjoerd Ars , Veliče Šumulikoski , and Milan Susak . He scored his first and the only goal for Tianjin on 16 March , in a 2–1 defeat by Qingdao Jonoon at Qingdao Tiantai Stadium . On 1 July , Sodje was released by Tianjin TEDA . Preston North End . In August 2012 , Sodje signed for Preston North End , having impressed with four goals in three games during pre-season . He won a first team place after coming off the bench to score against Bournemouth , and then followed this up with goals against Crystal Palace and Swindon Town in his next two games . Following an impressive start to his career at Deepdale , Sodje signed for a second-month . He then signed another contract , to remain at Preston for a third month . However , he refused to stay at the club beyond December , leaving his final tally at seven goals in 17 appearances . Scunthorpe United . Sodje signed with Scunthorpe United in January 2013 on a short-term deal lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season , and stated that Im feeling good and Im glad that everything is sorted and Ive got the chance to work with Brian Laws again.. . Theres no doubt that well be able to stay up . Weve been having a bad time but that is all changing now . After three away games , he marked his debut at Glanford Park with two goals in a 2–1 win over Portsmouth . He hit six goals in 16 games as the Iron were relegated into League Two , and was released in the summer . Tranmere Rovers . In July 2013 , Sodje signed a one-year contract with Ronnie Moores Tranmere Rovers . He made eleven appearances without scoring a goal at the start of the 2013–14 season . On 20 February 2014 , Sodje joined Conference side Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan ; brother Efe was manager John Askeys assistant at the Silkmen . He played five games for the Silkmen without scoring , and he was released by Tranmere Rovers after returning to Prenton Park in April . Style of play . Sodje was an energetic , strong and aggressive forward . Personal life . Two of his brothers , Sam and Efe , were put on trial in the UK in September 2017 for money laundering after allegedly being involved in channelling proceeds from scams which targeted firms in Colombia , India , Italy and Abu Dhabi ; Sodje himself was also alleged to have taken part in the crime but declined to return to Britain from his home in Dubai to be interviewed by police . In September 2017 , Efe , Bright and Stephen Sodje were sentenced to 18 , 21 and 30 months in prison respectively for fraud , having siphoned off money from a charity , the Sodje Sports Foundation . Akpo , 37 , is wanted in connection with the fraud , and a European Arrest Warrant has been issued . Honours . - Port Vale F.C . Player of the Year : 2007 - Sheffield Wednesday Striker of the Year : 2008 |
[
"Dean of Georgetown College"
] | easy | What was the position of John B. Creeden from 1909 to 1918? | /wiki/John_B._Creeden#P39#0 | John B . Creeden John B . Creeden ( September 12 , 1871 – February 26 , 1948 ) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit , who served in many senior positions at Jesuit universities in the United States . Born in Massachusetts , he attended Boston College , and studied for the priesthood in Maryland and Austria . He taught at Fordham University and then at Georgetown University , where he was made Dean of Georgetown College in 1909 , and simultaneously served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . Creeden became president of Georgetown University in 1918 . Largely shaped by the First World War , during his presidency , the School of Foreign Service was founded , for which he was awarded the Medal of Public Instruction from the President of Venezuela . In order to support the post-war enrollment boom , he also expanded the size of the campus , and established the universitys first endowment , to support major campus improvements . He proposed a transformation of the campus that would involve building a new quadrangle of neo-Gothic buildings , but this vision was thwarted by the Depression of 1921 . Creeden undertook a major reform of the universitys organization , which included relocating Georgetown Preparatory School to a new campus , installing Jesuit regents to oversee each of the professional schools , and placing the Law School under his direct control , where he initiated a drastic improvement in the schools curriculum and admissions standards . Following the end of his presidency in 1924 , he returned to Boston College , where he briefly became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences , before founding Boston College Law School in 1926 and serving as its first regent until 1939 . At the same time , he served as regent of Georgetown Law School from 1929 to 1939 . In his final years , he was a spiritual counselor at Jesuit schools in Western Massachusetts , and then became Dean of Boston Colleges Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . Early life . John B . Creeden was born on September 12 , 1871 , in Arlington , Massachusetts , to Irish immigrant parents . He attended Boston College , before entering the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Frederick , Maryland , on August 14 , 1890 . He taught at Georgetown from 1897 to 1902 , and then returned to Woodstock College to study philosophy and theology ; he also spent time studying in Linz , Austria . At Woodstock , he was ordained a priest by Cardinal James Gibbons in 1905 . He then spent two years teaching at Fordham University in New York City . In 1909 , he was made athletic director and prefect of studies at Georgetown , before being appointed as Dean of Georgetown College later that year . During part of his tenure as dean , he also served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . On February 2 , 1910 , he was conferred the rank of in the Society of Jesus . Upon being named president of the university , he was succeeded as dean by Edmund A . Walsh . President of Georgetown University . Creeden was named president of Georgetown University in May 1918 , succeeding Alphonsus J . Donlon . In 1918 , with the Spanish flu making its way toward Washington , Creeden resurrected the St . Josephs Lamp Association , which was responsible for keeping a lamp burning in front of a statue of St . Joseph in a garden between Gervase Hall , Mulledy Hall , and Old South . Creeden received Ferdinand Foch , the French marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies , on November 20 , 1921 , and presented him with an honorary Doctor of Civil and Canon Laws degree , as well as a golden sword on behalf of the American Jesuits . He voiced his opposition in 1921 to the Smith–Towner Bill , which was an unsuccessful attempt to create the U.S . Department of Education , because he believed it was both unconstitutional and unwise for the federal government to assert control over education . In the summer of 1923 , Creeden developed phlebitis , which severely impacted his ability to discharge the office . By early 1924 , he felt that he was no longer able to fulfill his duties , and Charles W . Lyons was named as his successor in late October 1924 . Campus improvements . Following the end of the First World War , enrollment in all of Georgetowns schools increased greatly , especially in the Medical , Dental , and Law Schools . This put the existing facilities under significant strain . Creeden responded by buying up property bounded by 35th , 37th , P , and N Streets , adjacent to the main campus . He also sought to enhance the national reputation of the university by creating a Georgetown Publicity Bureau . Together with these concrete improvements , he established an endowment association , whose goal was to raise $5 million in two years , equivalent to $ million in . This represented the first time in Georgetowns history that an endowment was sought . The most ambitious of Creedens visions was a vast expansion of the built campus known as the Greater Georgetown Plan . This would involve constructing a new neo-Gothic quadrangle composed of several buildings on the site of the existing athletic field next to Healy Hall . This quadrangle would be a new home for the Medical and Dental Schools , a dormitory , a classroom building , and a science building . Creeden also planned to build a stadium nearby that could hold twenty thousand spectators . This grand plan never came to fruition because the Depression in 1921 made funding unavailable . Separation of Georgetown Preparatory School . At the commencement ceremony of 1919 , Creeden announced that Georgetown Preparatory School would move to a separate campus at the start of the following academic year . Construction of the North Bethesda , Maryland campus was begun under his predecessor , Donlon . The purpose of this relocation was to remove the younger students from what the Jesuits viewed as the indecent temptations of the city . It was also part of the larger movement among Jesuit institutions in the United States , facing pressure from the Association of American Universities , to create separate four-year high school programs and four-year college programs , instead of combined seven-year programs . Despite the move away from Georgetowns collegiate campus , Creeden continued to take an active interest in the administration of the preparatory school , frequently visiting and meeting with the headmaster to set policies . School of Foreign Service established . Following the renaming of Georgetowns School of Foreign Service for Edmund A . Walsh in 1958 , Henri Wiesel , a Jesuit contemporary and acquaintance of both Creeden and Walsh , wrote to the archivist of Georgetown University that , though Walsh was instrumental in the creation of the school , the true founder of the School of Foreign Service was Creeden . He said that Creeden envisioned the establishment of such a school and frequently discussed the subject , at a time when Walsh was still studying theology as part of his Jesuit formation . His motivation for the creation of the school was to bring the Society of Jesus into contact with prominent men in government and finance . Creeden sought to establish the school at the start of his presidency , but this goal was delayed by the First World War . Another Jesuit contemporary verified that Creeden worked closely with Fr . Constantine McGuire to present the plan for the School of Foreign service to the board of regents in June 1918 . Opening in 1919 , the school quickly became well received in government circles in Washington , and Creeden sought to establish an endowment for it . He recruited Walsh , whose personality was more suited to public life , to recruit faculty and students and to be the face of the school , and appointed him as the first regent of the school . In recognition of Creedens role in the founding of the School of Foreign Service , the President of Venezuela , Victorino Márquez Bustillos , awarded him the Medal of Public Instruction in 1920 , the highest educational honor bestowed by Venezuela on a foreign citizen . He was presented with the award during the Venezuelan Minister of Public Educations visit to Washington . Law School reform . The Association of American Law Schools ( AALS ) gave Georgetown Law School a quality rating of B , prompting Creeden to undertake a major reorganization of the governance of the school . In the spring of 1920 , he obtained the consent of the board of regents to effectively terminate the semi-autonomous status of the law school , bringing it under closer control of the university leadership . This involved appointing a Jesuit regent to ensure the school was conforming to the tradition and mission of the university ( a reform Creeden and a later president , Coleman Nevils , implemented at all of the universitys professional schools ) , and creating an executive faculty that consisted of the president , the dean of the law school , and six professors chosen by the president . In order to improve the quality of the school , he also had new bylaws adopted , which significantly raised the standards for admission to the law school . Applicants were required to have at least completed four years of high school . By 1925 , this standard was raised to require at least two years of college , with courses in history , economics , political science , ethics , logic , and rhetoric . With the support of Dean George E . Hamilton , in October 1921 , day classes were offered for the first time ( while until then , there were evening classes designed for part-time students ) , and several full-time professors were hired to supplement the part-time faculty that maintained active law practices . Evening students were required to study for four years , instead of the previous three . These reforms resulted in the AALS upgrading Georgetowns rating to an A in 1925 . Creeden and other administrators anticipated a decrease in enrollment due to these heightened standards , but this decrease was smaller than expected , and returned to previous levels within several years . Later years . Creeden then went to Boston College , where he taught philosophy from 1924 to 1926 . In 1926 , he was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences . He then founded the Boston College Law School , and served as its first regent from 1926 to 1939 . At the same time , he became the regent of Georgetown Law School in 1929 , and held this position for ten years . Following his law school deanships , he served as spiritual counselor from 1939 to 1942 at Cranwell Preparatory School in Lenox , Massachusetts , and from 1942 to 1947 at Shadowbrook , the Jesuit novitiate in Stockbridge , Massachusetts . He also became the first Dean of the Boston College Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . On February 26 , 1948 , Creeden died in Boston . |
[
"president of Georgetown University"
] | easy | Which position did John B. Creeden hold from 1918 to 1924? | /wiki/John_B._Creeden#P39#1 | John B . Creeden John B . Creeden ( September 12 , 1871 – February 26 , 1948 ) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit , who served in many senior positions at Jesuit universities in the United States . Born in Massachusetts , he attended Boston College , and studied for the priesthood in Maryland and Austria . He taught at Fordham University and then at Georgetown University , where he was made Dean of Georgetown College in 1909 , and simultaneously served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . Creeden became president of Georgetown University in 1918 . Largely shaped by the First World War , during his presidency , the School of Foreign Service was founded , for which he was awarded the Medal of Public Instruction from the President of Venezuela . In order to support the post-war enrollment boom , he also expanded the size of the campus , and established the universitys first endowment , to support major campus improvements . He proposed a transformation of the campus that would involve building a new quadrangle of neo-Gothic buildings , but this vision was thwarted by the Depression of 1921 . Creeden undertook a major reform of the universitys organization , which included relocating Georgetown Preparatory School to a new campus , installing Jesuit regents to oversee each of the professional schools , and placing the Law School under his direct control , where he initiated a drastic improvement in the schools curriculum and admissions standards . Following the end of his presidency in 1924 , he returned to Boston College , where he briefly became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences , before founding Boston College Law School in 1926 and serving as its first regent until 1939 . At the same time , he served as regent of Georgetown Law School from 1929 to 1939 . In his final years , he was a spiritual counselor at Jesuit schools in Western Massachusetts , and then became Dean of Boston Colleges Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . Early life . John B . Creeden was born on September 12 , 1871 , in Arlington , Massachusetts , to Irish immigrant parents . He attended Boston College , before entering the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Frederick , Maryland , on August 14 , 1890 . He taught at Georgetown from 1897 to 1902 , and then returned to Woodstock College to study philosophy and theology ; he also spent time studying in Linz , Austria . At Woodstock , he was ordained a priest by Cardinal James Gibbons in 1905 . He then spent two years teaching at Fordham University in New York City . In 1909 , he was made athletic director and prefect of studies at Georgetown , before being appointed as Dean of Georgetown College later that year . During part of his tenure as dean , he also served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . On February 2 , 1910 , he was conferred the rank of in the Society of Jesus . Upon being named president of the university , he was succeeded as dean by Edmund A . Walsh . President of Georgetown University . Creeden was named president of Georgetown University in May 1918 , succeeding Alphonsus J . Donlon . In 1918 , with the Spanish flu making its way toward Washington , Creeden resurrected the St . Josephs Lamp Association , which was responsible for keeping a lamp burning in front of a statue of St . Joseph in a garden between Gervase Hall , Mulledy Hall , and Old South . Creeden received Ferdinand Foch , the French marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies , on November 20 , 1921 , and presented him with an honorary Doctor of Civil and Canon Laws degree , as well as a golden sword on behalf of the American Jesuits . He voiced his opposition in 1921 to the Smith–Towner Bill , which was an unsuccessful attempt to create the U.S . Department of Education , because he believed it was both unconstitutional and unwise for the federal government to assert control over education . In the summer of 1923 , Creeden developed phlebitis , which severely impacted his ability to discharge the office . By early 1924 , he felt that he was no longer able to fulfill his duties , and Charles W . Lyons was named as his successor in late October 1924 . Campus improvements . Following the end of the First World War , enrollment in all of Georgetowns schools increased greatly , especially in the Medical , Dental , and Law Schools . This put the existing facilities under significant strain . Creeden responded by buying up property bounded by 35th , 37th , P , and N Streets , adjacent to the main campus . He also sought to enhance the national reputation of the university by creating a Georgetown Publicity Bureau . Together with these concrete improvements , he established an endowment association , whose goal was to raise $5 million in two years , equivalent to $ million in . This represented the first time in Georgetowns history that an endowment was sought . The most ambitious of Creedens visions was a vast expansion of the built campus known as the Greater Georgetown Plan . This would involve constructing a new neo-Gothic quadrangle composed of several buildings on the site of the existing athletic field next to Healy Hall . This quadrangle would be a new home for the Medical and Dental Schools , a dormitory , a classroom building , and a science building . Creeden also planned to build a stadium nearby that could hold twenty thousand spectators . This grand plan never came to fruition because the Depression in 1921 made funding unavailable . Separation of Georgetown Preparatory School . At the commencement ceremony of 1919 , Creeden announced that Georgetown Preparatory School would move to a separate campus at the start of the following academic year . Construction of the North Bethesda , Maryland campus was begun under his predecessor , Donlon . The purpose of this relocation was to remove the younger students from what the Jesuits viewed as the indecent temptations of the city . It was also part of the larger movement among Jesuit institutions in the United States , facing pressure from the Association of American Universities , to create separate four-year high school programs and four-year college programs , instead of combined seven-year programs . Despite the move away from Georgetowns collegiate campus , Creeden continued to take an active interest in the administration of the preparatory school , frequently visiting and meeting with the headmaster to set policies . School of Foreign Service established . Following the renaming of Georgetowns School of Foreign Service for Edmund A . Walsh in 1958 , Henri Wiesel , a Jesuit contemporary and acquaintance of both Creeden and Walsh , wrote to the archivist of Georgetown University that , though Walsh was instrumental in the creation of the school , the true founder of the School of Foreign Service was Creeden . He said that Creeden envisioned the establishment of such a school and frequently discussed the subject , at a time when Walsh was still studying theology as part of his Jesuit formation . His motivation for the creation of the school was to bring the Society of Jesus into contact with prominent men in government and finance . Creeden sought to establish the school at the start of his presidency , but this goal was delayed by the First World War . Another Jesuit contemporary verified that Creeden worked closely with Fr . Constantine McGuire to present the plan for the School of Foreign service to the board of regents in June 1918 . Opening in 1919 , the school quickly became well received in government circles in Washington , and Creeden sought to establish an endowment for it . He recruited Walsh , whose personality was more suited to public life , to recruit faculty and students and to be the face of the school , and appointed him as the first regent of the school . In recognition of Creedens role in the founding of the School of Foreign Service , the President of Venezuela , Victorino Márquez Bustillos , awarded him the Medal of Public Instruction in 1920 , the highest educational honor bestowed by Venezuela on a foreign citizen . He was presented with the award during the Venezuelan Minister of Public Educations visit to Washington . Law School reform . The Association of American Law Schools ( AALS ) gave Georgetown Law School a quality rating of B , prompting Creeden to undertake a major reorganization of the governance of the school . In the spring of 1920 , he obtained the consent of the board of regents to effectively terminate the semi-autonomous status of the law school , bringing it under closer control of the university leadership . This involved appointing a Jesuit regent to ensure the school was conforming to the tradition and mission of the university ( a reform Creeden and a later president , Coleman Nevils , implemented at all of the universitys professional schools ) , and creating an executive faculty that consisted of the president , the dean of the law school , and six professors chosen by the president . In order to improve the quality of the school , he also had new bylaws adopted , which significantly raised the standards for admission to the law school . Applicants were required to have at least completed four years of high school . By 1925 , this standard was raised to require at least two years of college , with courses in history , economics , political science , ethics , logic , and rhetoric . With the support of Dean George E . Hamilton , in October 1921 , day classes were offered for the first time ( while until then , there were evening classes designed for part-time students ) , and several full-time professors were hired to supplement the part-time faculty that maintained active law practices . Evening students were required to study for four years , instead of the previous three . These reforms resulted in the AALS upgrading Georgetowns rating to an A in 1925 . Creeden and other administrators anticipated a decrease in enrollment due to these heightened standards , but this decrease was smaller than expected , and returned to previous levels within several years . Later years . Creeden then went to Boston College , where he taught philosophy from 1924 to 1926 . In 1926 , he was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences . He then founded the Boston College Law School , and served as its first regent from 1926 to 1939 . At the same time , he became the regent of Georgetown Law School in 1929 , and held this position for ten years . Following his law school deanships , he served as spiritual counselor from 1939 to 1942 at Cranwell Preparatory School in Lenox , Massachusetts , and from 1942 to 1947 at Shadowbrook , the Jesuit novitiate in Stockbridge , Massachusetts . He also became the first Dean of the Boston College Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . On February 26 , 1948 , Creeden died in Boston . |
[
"regents"
] | easy | John B. Creeden took which position from 1926 to 1939? | /wiki/John_B._Creeden#P39#2 | John B . Creeden John B . Creeden ( September 12 , 1871 – February 26 , 1948 ) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit , who served in many senior positions at Jesuit universities in the United States . Born in Massachusetts , he attended Boston College , and studied for the priesthood in Maryland and Austria . He taught at Fordham University and then at Georgetown University , where he was made Dean of Georgetown College in 1909 , and simultaneously served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . Creeden became president of Georgetown University in 1918 . Largely shaped by the First World War , during his presidency , the School of Foreign Service was founded , for which he was awarded the Medal of Public Instruction from the President of Venezuela . In order to support the post-war enrollment boom , he also expanded the size of the campus , and established the universitys first endowment , to support major campus improvements . He proposed a transformation of the campus that would involve building a new quadrangle of neo-Gothic buildings , but this vision was thwarted by the Depression of 1921 . Creeden undertook a major reform of the universitys organization , which included relocating Georgetown Preparatory School to a new campus , installing Jesuit regents to oversee each of the professional schools , and placing the Law School under his direct control , where he initiated a drastic improvement in the schools curriculum and admissions standards . Following the end of his presidency in 1924 , he returned to Boston College , where he briefly became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences , before founding Boston College Law School in 1926 and serving as its first regent until 1939 . At the same time , he served as regent of Georgetown Law School from 1929 to 1939 . In his final years , he was a spiritual counselor at Jesuit schools in Western Massachusetts , and then became Dean of Boston Colleges Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . Early life . John B . Creeden was born on September 12 , 1871 , in Arlington , Massachusetts , to Irish immigrant parents . He attended Boston College , before entering the novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Frederick , Maryland , on August 14 , 1890 . He taught at Georgetown from 1897 to 1902 , and then returned to Woodstock College to study philosophy and theology ; he also spent time studying in Linz , Austria . At Woodstock , he was ordained a priest by Cardinal James Gibbons in 1905 . He then spent two years teaching at Fordham University in New York City . In 1909 , he was made athletic director and prefect of studies at Georgetown , before being appointed as Dean of Georgetown College later that year . During part of his tenure as dean , he also served as principal of Georgetown Preparatory School . On February 2 , 1910 , he was conferred the rank of in the Society of Jesus . Upon being named president of the university , he was succeeded as dean by Edmund A . Walsh . President of Georgetown University . Creeden was named president of Georgetown University in May 1918 , succeeding Alphonsus J . Donlon . In 1918 , with the Spanish flu making its way toward Washington , Creeden resurrected the St . Josephs Lamp Association , which was responsible for keeping a lamp burning in front of a statue of St . Joseph in a garden between Gervase Hall , Mulledy Hall , and Old South . Creeden received Ferdinand Foch , the French marshal and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies , on November 20 , 1921 , and presented him with an honorary Doctor of Civil and Canon Laws degree , as well as a golden sword on behalf of the American Jesuits . He voiced his opposition in 1921 to the Smith–Towner Bill , which was an unsuccessful attempt to create the U.S . Department of Education , because he believed it was both unconstitutional and unwise for the federal government to assert control over education . In the summer of 1923 , Creeden developed phlebitis , which severely impacted his ability to discharge the office . By early 1924 , he felt that he was no longer able to fulfill his duties , and Charles W . Lyons was named as his successor in late October 1924 . Campus improvements . Following the end of the First World War , enrollment in all of Georgetowns schools increased greatly , especially in the Medical , Dental , and Law Schools . This put the existing facilities under significant strain . Creeden responded by buying up property bounded by 35th , 37th , P , and N Streets , adjacent to the main campus . He also sought to enhance the national reputation of the university by creating a Georgetown Publicity Bureau . Together with these concrete improvements , he established an endowment association , whose goal was to raise $5 million in two years , equivalent to $ million in . This represented the first time in Georgetowns history that an endowment was sought . The most ambitious of Creedens visions was a vast expansion of the built campus known as the Greater Georgetown Plan . This would involve constructing a new neo-Gothic quadrangle composed of several buildings on the site of the existing athletic field next to Healy Hall . This quadrangle would be a new home for the Medical and Dental Schools , a dormitory , a classroom building , and a science building . Creeden also planned to build a stadium nearby that could hold twenty thousand spectators . This grand plan never came to fruition because the Depression in 1921 made funding unavailable . Separation of Georgetown Preparatory School . At the commencement ceremony of 1919 , Creeden announced that Georgetown Preparatory School would move to a separate campus at the start of the following academic year . Construction of the North Bethesda , Maryland campus was begun under his predecessor , Donlon . The purpose of this relocation was to remove the younger students from what the Jesuits viewed as the indecent temptations of the city . It was also part of the larger movement among Jesuit institutions in the United States , facing pressure from the Association of American Universities , to create separate four-year high school programs and four-year college programs , instead of combined seven-year programs . Despite the move away from Georgetowns collegiate campus , Creeden continued to take an active interest in the administration of the preparatory school , frequently visiting and meeting with the headmaster to set policies . School of Foreign Service established . Following the renaming of Georgetowns School of Foreign Service for Edmund A . Walsh in 1958 , Henri Wiesel , a Jesuit contemporary and acquaintance of both Creeden and Walsh , wrote to the archivist of Georgetown University that , though Walsh was instrumental in the creation of the school , the true founder of the School of Foreign Service was Creeden . He said that Creeden envisioned the establishment of such a school and frequently discussed the subject , at a time when Walsh was still studying theology as part of his Jesuit formation . His motivation for the creation of the school was to bring the Society of Jesus into contact with prominent men in government and finance . Creeden sought to establish the school at the start of his presidency , but this goal was delayed by the First World War . Another Jesuit contemporary verified that Creeden worked closely with Fr . Constantine McGuire to present the plan for the School of Foreign service to the board of regents in June 1918 . Opening in 1919 , the school quickly became well received in government circles in Washington , and Creeden sought to establish an endowment for it . He recruited Walsh , whose personality was more suited to public life , to recruit faculty and students and to be the face of the school , and appointed him as the first regent of the school . In recognition of Creedens role in the founding of the School of Foreign Service , the President of Venezuela , Victorino Márquez Bustillos , awarded him the Medal of Public Instruction in 1920 , the highest educational honor bestowed by Venezuela on a foreign citizen . He was presented with the award during the Venezuelan Minister of Public Educations visit to Washington . Law School reform . The Association of American Law Schools ( AALS ) gave Georgetown Law School a quality rating of B , prompting Creeden to undertake a major reorganization of the governance of the school . In the spring of 1920 , he obtained the consent of the board of regents to effectively terminate the semi-autonomous status of the law school , bringing it under closer control of the university leadership . This involved appointing a Jesuit regent to ensure the school was conforming to the tradition and mission of the university ( a reform Creeden and a later president , Coleman Nevils , implemented at all of the universitys professional schools ) , and creating an executive faculty that consisted of the president , the dean of the law school , and six professors chosen by the president . In order to improve the quality of the school , he also had new bylaws adopted , which significantly raised the standards for admission to the law school . Applicants were required to have at least completed four years of high school . By 1925 , this standard was raised to require at least two years of college , with courses in history , economics , political science , ethics , logic , and rhetoric . With the support of Dean George E . Hamilton , in October 1921 , day classes were offered for the first time ( while until then , there were evening classes designed for part-time students ) , and several full-time professors were hired to supplement the part-time faculty that maintained active law practices . Evening students were required to study for four years , instead of the previous three . These reforms resulted in the AALS upgrading Georgetowns rating to an A in 1925 . Creeden and other administrators anticipated a decrease in enrollment due to these heightened standards , but this decrease was smaller than expected , and returned to previous levels within several years . Later years . Creeden then went to Boston College , where he taught philosophy from 1924 to 1926 . In 1926 , he was appointed Dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences . He then founded the Boston College Law School , and served as its first regent from 1926 to 1939 . At the same time , he became the regent of Georgetown Law School in 1929 , and held this position for ten years . Following his law school deanships , he served as spiritual counselor from 1939 to 1942 at Cranwell Preparatory School in Lenox , Massachusetts , and from 1942 to 1947 at Shadowbrook , the Jesuit novitiate in Stockbridge , Massachusetts . He also became the first Dean of the Boston College Evening Division , which later became the Woods College of Advancing Studies . On February 26 , 1948 , Creeden died in Boston . |
[
"Conservative Member of Parliament"
] | easy | What was the position of William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle from Oct 1944 to Jun 1945? | /wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L'Isle#P39#0 | William Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle William Philip Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle , ( 23 May 1909 – 5 April 1991 ) , known as The Lord De LIsle and Dudley between 1945 and 1956 , was a British Army officer , politician and Victoria Cross recipient who served as the 15th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1961 to 1965 . He was the last non-Australian to hold the position . Sidney was born into a minor aristocratic family , and attended Eton College before going on to Magdalene College , Cambridge . He became a chartered accountant , but also joined the Territorial Army . During the Second World War , Sidney served with the Grenadier Guards in France and Italy ; he was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1944 for his actions in the Battle of Anzio . He was elected to the House of Commons later that year , as a member of the Conservative Party . In 1945 , Sidney succeeded his father as Baron De LIsle and Dudley , consequently being elevated to the House of Lords . He served as Secretary of State for Air from 1951 to 1955 , under Winston Churchill , and was raised to the viscountcy in 1956 . Lord De LIsle became governor-general in 1961 on the recommendation of Robert Menzies , the Prime Minister of Australia . He served for just under four years with little controversy ; as well as being the last foreign governor-general , he was also the last to wear the traditional vice-regal uniform . Early life . Sidney was the younger of two children , and the only son , of William Sidney , 5th Baron De LIsle and Dudley ( 19 August 1859 – 18 June 1945 ) and his wife , Winifred Agneta Yorke Bevan ( d . 11 February 1959 ) . He was a descendant of King William IV by his mistress Dorothea Jordan . He was educated at Eton College and Magdalene College , Cambridge and became a chartered accountant . In 1929 he joined the Grenadier Guards Reserve of Officers . Marriage and issue . Lord De LIsle married Hon Jacqueline Corrine Yvonne Vereker ( 20 October 1914 – 15 November 1962 ) , daughter of Field Marshal John Vereker , 6th Viscount Gort , on 8 June 1940 . The couple had five children : - Hon . Elizabeth Sophia ( born 12 March 1941 , died 3 February 2016 ) , married 5 times , to George Silver Oliver Annesley Colthurst , to Sir Edward Humphry Tyrrell Wakefield , 2nd Bt. , to Captain James Silvester Rattray of Craighall-Rattray , 28th of Rattray , to Andrew H . Lane Paneyko , and to Robert Samuel Clive Abel Smith . - Hon . Catherine Mary ( born 20 October 1942 ) , married to Martin John Wilbraham , and then to Nicholas Hyde Villiers . - Philip John Algernon , 2nd Viscount De LIsle ( born 21 April 1945 ) - Hon . Anne Marjorie ( born 15 August 1947 ) , married to Lt.-Cdr . David Alexander Harries . - Hon . Lucy Corinna Agneta ( born 21 February 1953 ) , married to Michael Willoughby , 13th Baron Middleton After his wifes death , he married the widowed Lady Glanusk ( née Margaret Shoubridge ) on 24 March 1966 in Paris . They had no children . War service . During the Second World War , Sidney fought in the Battle of France and the Italian Campaign . While serving as a company commander in the 5th Battalion , Grenadier Guards ( itself part of 24th Guards Brigade of the British 1st Infantry Division ) , he led a handful of men in the defence of the Anzio beachhead in February 1944 , for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Sidney led a successful attack which drove German troops of the 147th Grenadier Regiment out of a gully . Later he led another counter-attack and dashed forward , engaging the Germans with his tommy gun at point-blank range , forcing a withdrawal . When the attack was renewed , Sidney and one guardsman were wounded and another killed , but he would not consent to have his wounds dressed until the Germans had been beaten off and the battalions position had been consolidated . During this time , although extremely weak from loss of blood , he continued to encourage and inspire his men . In later life , when asked where he had been shot , he would jocularly respond that he was shot in Italy . This was to conceal that he had been shot in the buttocks . The ribbon for the medal was made from one of his father-in-law Lord Gorts uniforms and was awarded by General Sir Harold Alexander , commanding the Allied Armies in Italy , on 3 March 1944 in Italy . Political life . At a by-election in October 1944 , he was elected unopposed to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Chelsea . His father died in June 1945 and he succeeded as 6th Baron De LIsle and Dudley , requiring translation to the House of Lords . He thus retired from the House of Commons prior to the July 1945 general election . In 1951 he was appointed Secretary of State for Air under Winston Churchill and held that office until 1955 . During this time he visited Australia , travelling to Woomera to examine weapons research and meeting the Prime Minister , Robert Menzies . In 1956 he was created Viscount De LIsle , of Penshurst in the County of Kent . Governor-General . Following the death in office of Lord Dunrossil in February 1961 , Prime Minister Robert Menzies recommended De LIsle as his military honours , aristocratic background , and political experience apparently made him , according to one author , Menzies vision of ideal governor-general material . De LIsle was sworn in on 3 August 1961 . He continued Dunrossils revival of the full ceremonial vice-regal uniform , but would be the last governor-general to do so . De LIsle faced no constitutional issues during his time in office ; the Official Secretary throughout his term was Murray Tyrrell . De LIsle was the first governor-general since William McKell ( 1947–1953 ) to have children living at Yarralumla , and this made him popular with the general public . However , his wife fell ill in his first year of office , and died on 16 November 1962 , aged 48 . Despite this , he chose to continue in office until the expiry of Dunrossils original five-year term in 1965 . Two of his daughters , Catherine and Anne , acted as official hostess in place of their mother . Retirement . By the time of his retirement in 1965 , public opinion was strongly in favour of an Australian Governor-General , although this was not a reflection on his performance in the role . His continuing interest in Australia was shown by several visits after his retirement , the last for Australias bicentenary in 1988 when he presented a bronze statue , which now stands in the grounds of Government House in Canberra . In 1975 he co-founded what is now called The Freedom Association , a free-market campaign group opposed to the post-war consensus that played a prominent role in the Grunwick Dispute . Viscount De LIsle died in Kent on 5 April 1991 and was buried in the Sidney family vault at St John the Baptist , Penshurst . He was the last surviving Victoria Cross recipient who had been a member of both Houses of Parliament . He was succeeded in his titles by his only son , Philip . Styles and honours . - The Honourable William Sidney ( 1909–30 March 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC ( 30 March 1944 – 11 October 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC MP 11 October 1944 – 18 June 1945 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC ( 18 June 1945 – 1951 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC PC ( 1951–13 January 1956 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC PC ( 13 January 1956 – 11 May 1961 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG PC ( 11 May 1961 – 14 March 1963 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG GCVO PC ( 14 March 1963 – 23 April 1968 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC KG GCMG GCVO PC ( 23 April 1968 – 5 April 1991 ) In 1965 De LIsle succeeded his kinsman as ninth Baronet of Castle Goring . He was appointed Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter ( KG ) on 23 April 1968 , becoming one of only two men ever to have held both of the highest orders of gallantry and chivalry – Victoria Cross and Knight of the Garter ( the other being Field Marshal the Lord Roberts ) . |
[
"Secretary of State for Air"
] | easy | What position did William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle take from Oct 1951 to Dec 1955? | /wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L'Isle#P39#1 | William Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle William Philip Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle , ( 23 May 1909 – 5 April 1991 ) , known as The Lord De LIsle and Dudley between 1945 and 1956 , was a British Army officer , politician and Victoria Cross recipient who served as the 15th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1961 to 1965 . He was the last non-Australian to hold the position . Sidney was born into a minor aristocratic family , and attended Eton College before going on to Magdalene College , Cambridge . He became a chartered accountant , but also joined the Territorial Army . During the Second World War , Sidney served with the Grenadier Guards in France and Italy ; he was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1944 for his actions in the Battle of Anzio . He was elected to the House of Commons later that year , as a member of the Conservative Party . In 1945 , Sidney succeeded his father as Baron De LIsle and Dudley , consequently being elevated to the House of Lords . He served as Secretary of State for Air from 1951 to 1955 , under Winston Churchill , and was raised to the viscountcy in 1956 . Lord De LIsle became governor-general in 1961 on the recommendation of Robert Menzies , the Prime Minister of Australia . He served for just under four years with little controversy ; as well as being the last foreign governor-general , he was also the last to wear the traditional vice-regal uniform . Early life . Sidney was the younger of two children , and the only son , of William Sidney , 5th Baron De LIsle and Dudley ( 19 August 1859 – 18 June 1945 ) and his wife , Winifred Agneta Yorke Bevan ( d . 11 February 1959 ) . He was a descendant of King William IV by his mistress Dorothea Jordan . He was educated at Eton College and Magdalene College , Cambridge and became a chartered accountant . In 1929 he joined the Grenadier Guards Reserve of Officers . Marriage and issue . Lord De LIsle married Hon Jacqueline Corrine Yvonne Vereker ( 20 October 1914 – 15 November 1962 ) , daughter of Field Marshal John Vereker , 6th Viscount Gort , on 8 June 1940 . The couple had five children : - Hon . Elizabeth Sophia ( born 12 March 1941 , died 3 February 2016 ) , married 5 times , to George Silver Oliver Annesley Colthurst , to Sir Edward Humphry Tyrrell Wakefield , 2nd Bt. , to Captain James Silvester Rattray of Craighall-Rattray , 28th of Rattray , to Andrew H . Lane Paneyko , and to Robert Samuel Clive Abel Smith . - Hon . Catherine Mary ( born 20 October 1942 ) , married to Martin John Wilbraham , and then to Nicholas Hyde Villiers . - Philip John Algernon , 2nd Viscount De LIsle ( born 21 April 1945 ) - Hon . Anne Marjorie ( born 15 August 1947 ) , married to Lt.-Cdr . David Alexander Harries . - Hon . Lucy Corinna Agneta ( born 21 February 1953 ) , married to Michael Willoughby , 13th Baron Middleton After his wifes death , he married the widowed Lady Glanusk ( née Margaret Shoubridge ) on 24 March 1966 in Paris . They had no children . War service . During the Second World War , Sidney fought in the Battle of France and the Italian Campaign . While serving as a company commander in the 5th Battalion , Grenadier Guards ( itself part of 24th Guards Brigade of the British 1st Infantry Division ) , he led a handful of men in the defence of the Anzio beachhead in February 1944 , for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Sidney led a successful attack which drove German troops of the 147th Grenadier Regiment out of a gully . Later he led another counter-attack and dashed forward , engaging the Germans with his tommy gun at point-blank range , forcing a withdrawal . When the attack was renewed , Sidney and one guardsman were wounded and another killed , but he would not consent to have his wounds dressed until the Germans had been beaten off and the battalions position had been consolidated . During this time , although extremely weak from loss of blood , he continued to encourage and inspire his men . In later life , when asked where he had been shot , he would jocularly respond that he was shot in Italy . This was to conceal that he had been shot in the buttocks . The ribbon for the medal was made from one of his father-in-law Lord Gorts uniforms and was awarded by General Sir Harold Alexander , commanding the Allied Armies in Italy , on 3 March 1944 in Italy . Political life . At a by-election in October 1944 , he was elected unopposed to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Chelsea . His father died in June 1945 and he succeeded as 6th Baron De LIsle and Dudley , requiring translation to the House of Lords . He thus retired from the House of Commons prior to the July 1945 general election . In 1951 he was appointed Secretary of State for Air under Winston Churchill and held that office until 1955 . During this time he visited Australia , travelling to Woomera to examine weapons research and meeting the Prime Minister , Robert Menzies . In 1956 he was created Viscount De LIsle , of Penshurst in the County of Kent . Governor-General . Following the death in office of Lord Dunrossil in February 1961 , Prime Minister Robert Menzies recommended De LIsle as his military honours , aristocratic background , and political experience apparently made him , according to one author , Menzies vision of ideal governor-general material . De LIsle was sworn in on 3 August 1961 . He continued Dunrossils revival of the full ceremonial vice-regal uniform , but would be the last governor-general to do so . De LIsle faced no constitutional issues during his time in office ; the Official Secretary throughout his term was Murray Tyrrell . De LIsle was the first governor-general since William McKell ( 1947–1953 ) to have children living at Yarralumla , and this made him popular with the general public . However , his wife fell ill in his first year of office , and died on 16 November 1962 , aged 48 . Despite this , he chose to continue in office until the expiry of Dunrossils original five-year term in 1965 . Two of his daughters , Catherine and Anne , acted as official hostess in place of their mother . Retirement . By the time of his retirement in 1965 , public opinion was strongly in favour of an Australian Governor-General , although this was not a reflection on his performance in the role . His continuing interest in Australia was shown by several visits after his retirement , the last for Australias bicentenary in 1988 when he presented a bronze statue , which now stands in the grounds of Government House in Canberra . In 1975 he co-founded what is now called The Freedom Association , a free-market campaign group opposed to the post-war consensus that played a prominent role in the Grunwick Dispute . Viscount De LIsle died in Kent on 5 April 1991 and was buried in the Sidney family vault at St John the Baptist , Penshurst . He was the last surviving Victoria Cross recipient who had been a member of both Houses of Parliament . He was succeeded in his titles by his only son , Philip . Styles and honours . - The Honourable William Sidney ( 1909–30 March 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC ( 30 March 1944 – 11 October 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC MP 11 October 1944 – 18 June 1945 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC ( 18 June 1945 – 1951 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC PC ( 1951–13 January 1956 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC PC ( 13 January 1956 – 11 May 1961 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG PC ( 11 May 1961 – 14 March 1963 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG GCVO PC ( 14 March 1963 – 23 April 1968 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC KG GCMG GCVO PC ( 23 April 1968 – 5 April 1991 ) In 1965 De LIsle succeeded his kinsman as ninth Baronet of Castle Goring . He was appointed Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter ( KG ) on 23 April 1968 , becoming one of only two men ever to have held both of the highest orders of gallantry and chivalry – Victoria Cross and Knight of the Garter ( the other being Field Marshal the Lord Roberts ) . |
[
"Governor-General of Australia"
] | easy | What was the position of William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle from Aug 1961 to May 1965? | /wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L'Isle#P39#2 | William Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle William Philip Sidney , 1st Viscount De LIsle , ( 23 May 1909 – 5 April 1991 ) , known as The Lord De LIsle and Dudley between 1945 and 1956 , was a British Army officer , politician and Victoria Cross recipient who served as the 15th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1961 to 1965 . He was the last non-Australian to hold the position . Sidney was born into a minor aristocratic family , and attended Eton College before going on to Magdalene College , Cambridge . He became a chartered accountant , but also joined the Territorial Army . During the Second World War , Sidney served with the Grenadier Guards in France and Italy ; he was awarded the Victoria Cross in 1944 for his actions in the Battle of Anzio . He was elected to the House of Commons later that year , as a member of the Conservative Party . In 1945 , Sidney succeeded his father as Baron De LIsle and Dudley , consequently being elevated to the House of Lords . He served as Secretary of State for Air from 1951 to 1955 , under Winston Churchill , and was raised to the viscountcy in 1956 . Lord De LIsle became governor-general in 1961 on the recommendation of Robert Menzies , the Prime Minister of Australia . He served for just under four years with little controversy ; as well as being the last foreign governor-general , he was also the last to wear the traditional vice-regal uniform . Early life . Sidney was the younger of two children , and the only son , of William Sidney , 5th Baron De LIsle and Dudley ( 19 August 1859 – 18 June 1945 ) and his wife , Winifred Agneta Yorke Bevan ( d . 11 February 1959 ) . He was a descendant of King William IV by his mistress Dorothea Jordan . He was educated at Eton College and Magdalene College , Cambridge and became a chartered accountant . In 1929 he joined the Grenadier Guards Reserve of Officers . Marriage and issue . Lord De LIsle married Hon Jacqueline Corrine Yvonne Vereker ( 20 October 1914 – 15 November 1962 ) , daughter of Field Marshal John Vereker , 6th Viscount Gort , on 8 June 1940 . The couple had five children : - Hon . Elizabeth Sophia ( born 12 March 1941 , died 3 February 2016 ) , married 5 times , to George Silver Oliver Annesley Colthurst , to Sir Edward Humphry Tyrrell Wakefield , 2nd Bt. , to Captain James Silvester Rattray of Craighall-Rattray , 28th of Rattray , to Andrew H . Lane Paneyko , and to Robert Samuel Clive Abel Smith . - Hon . Catherine Mary ( born 20 October 1942 ) , married to Martin John Wilbraham , and then to Nicholas Hyde Villiers . - Philip John Algernon , 2nd Viscount De LIsle ( born 21 April 1945 ) - Hon . Anne Marjorie ( born 15 August 1947 ) , married to Lt.-Cdr . David Alexander Harries . - Hon . Lucy Corinna Agneta ( born 21 February 1953 ) , married to Michael Willoughby , 13th Baron Middleton After his wifes death , he married the widowed Lady Glanusk ( née Margaret Shoubridge ) on 24 March 1966 in Paris . They had no children . War service . During the Second World War , Sidney fought in the Battle of France and the Italian Campaign . While serving as a company commander in the 5th Battalion , Grenadier Guards ( itself part of 24th Guards Brigade of the British 1st Infantry Division ) , he led a handful of men in the defence of the Anzio beachhead in February 1944 , for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross . Sidney led a successful attack which drove German troops of the 147th Grenadier Regiment out of a gully . Later he led another counter-attack and dashed forward , engaging the Germans with his tommy gun at point-blank range , forcing a withdrawal . When the attack was renewed , Sidney and one guardsman were wounded and another killed , but he would not consent to have his wounds dressed until the Germans had been beaten off and the battalions position had been consolidated . During this time , although extremely weak from loss of blood , he continued to encourage and inspire his men . In later life , when asked where he had been shot , he would jocularly respond that he was shot in Italy . This was to conceal that he had been shot in the buttocks . The ribbon for the medal was made from one of his father-in-law Lord Gorts uniforms and was awarded by General Sir Harold Alexander , commanding the Allied Armies in Italy , on 3 March 1944 in Italy . Political life . At a by-election in October 1944 , he was elected unopposed to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Chelsea . His father died in June 1945 and he succeeded as 6th Baron De LIsle and Dudley , requiring translation to the House of Lords . He thus retired from the House of Commons prior to the July 1945 general election . In 1951 he was appointed Secretary of State for Air under Winston Churchill and held that office until 1955 . During this time he visited Australia , travelling to Woomera to examine weapons research and meeting the Prime Minister , Robert Menzies . In 1956 he was created Viscount De LIsle , of Penshurst in the County of Kent . Governor-General . Following the death in office of Lord Dunrossil in February 1961 , Prime Minister Robert Menzies recommended De LIsle as his military honours , aristocratic background , and political experience apparently made him , according to one author , Menzies vision of ideal governor-general material . De LIsle was sworn in on 3 August 1961 . He continued Dunrossils revival of the full ceremonial vice-regal uniform , but would be the last governor-general to do so . De LIsle faced no constitutional issues during his time in office ; the Official Secretary throughout his term was Murray Tyrrell . De LIsle was the first governor-general since William McKell ( 1947–1953 ) to have children living at Yarralumla , and this made him popular with the general public . However , his wife fell ill in his first year of office , and died on 16 November 1962 , aged 48 . Despite this , he chose to continue in office until the expiry of Dunrossils original five-year term in 1965 . Two of his daughters , Catherine and Anne , acted as official hostess in place of their mother . Retirement . By the time of his retirement in 1965 , public opinion was strongly in favour of an Australian Governor-General , although this was not a reflection on his performance in the role . His continuing interest in Australia was shown by several visits after his retirement , the last for Australias bicentenary in 1988 when he presented a bronze statue , which now stands in the grounds of Government House in Canberra . In 1975 he co-founded what is now called The Freedom Association , a free-market campaign group opposed to the post-war consensus that played a prominent role in the Grunwick Dispute . Viscount De LIsle died in Kent on 5 April 1991 and was buried in the Sidney family vault at St John the Baptist , Penshurst . He was the last surviving Victoria Cross recipient who had been a member of both Houses of Parliament . He was succeeded in his titles by his only son , Philip . Styles and honours . - The Honourable William Sidney ( 1909–30 March 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC ( 30 March 1944 – 11 October 1944 ) - The Honourable William Sidney VC MP 11 October 1944 – 18 June 1945 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC ( 18 June 1945 – 1951 ) - The Right Honourable The Lord De LIsle and Dudley VC PC ( 1951–13 January 1956 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC PC ( 13 January 1956 – 11 May 1961 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG PC ( 11 May 1961 – 14 March 1963 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC GCMG GCVO PC ( 14 March 1963 – 23 April 1968 ) - The Right Honourable The Viscount De LIsle VC KG GCMG GCVO PC ( 23 April 1968 – 5 April 1991 ) In 1965 De LIsle succeeded his kinsman as ninth Baronet of Castle Goring . He was appointed Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter ( KG ) on 23 April 1968 , becoming one of only two men ever to have held both of the highest orders of gallantry and chivalry – Victoria Cross and Knight of the Garter ( the other being Field Marshal the Lord Roberts ) . |
[
"Chaoyang and Tongzhou Districts"
] | easy | What was the terminus of Line 7 (Beijing Subway) from Dec 2014 to Dec 2019? | /wiki/Line_7_(Beijing_Subway)#P559#0 | Line 7 ( Beijing Subway ) Line 7 of the Beijing Subway ( ) is a rapid transit line in Beijing . It runs parallel and to the south of Line 1 and Batong line , from the Beijing West railway station in Fengtai District to in Tongzhou District . Like Line 6 , Line 7 provides additional relief to the overcapacity Line 1 adding another east–west trunk line to the Beijing Subway network . Description . Line 7 has 30 stations , currently 29 stations are opened ( station is not opened yet ) . The line uses 8-car Type B trains . The line was originally slated to have 15 stations , from the Beijing West railway station to Baiziwan . A revised plan approved by the Planning Committee of the Beijing Municipal government called for 21 stations over , ending in Jiaohuachang . Stations . List of stations from west to east . Planning . Line 6 was originally conceived in 1973 as a pan-handle shaped route incorporating the central sections of todays Lines 6 and 7 . In 1983 Line 6 was dissolved into two distinct lines . The section under Guanganmen , Luomashi , Zhushikou and Guangqumen Streets and the handle branch to Fengtai became Line 7 . The rest of the loop with a new south eastern extension to what was at the time the Beijing Jiaohuachang ( Coking Plant ) complex became Line 6 . Line 7 was later revised westward to terminate at a new major railway station called Beijing West railway station and Line 9 taking over servicing Fengtai . When Beijing West railway station started construction in the early 1990s space was set aside for a subway station allowing Cross-platform interchange for the future Lines 7 and 9 . By 1993 the planned section of Line 6 heading to Coking Plant complex was revised as an eastern extension of Line 7 , forming the alignment built today . In 2013 , planners revised the design of Line 7 from using the standard 6 car trains to 8 car trains after performing a detailed transport study of the Fatou area . Fatous population projections were upgraded from 100,000 to 220,000 people and be a significant employment hub in the future . Planners decided that 6 cars trains would have insufficient capacity for the new demand projections . Line 7 was originally planned to use 1500 V DC overhead lines to power the longer subway trains . However , the already completed platforms at Beijing West railway station assumed the line would use a 750 V DC 3rd rail system like Beijings legacy subway lines and built with vertical clearance for such . The line ultimately used a 1500 V DC 3rd rail system as a compromise . History . Phase 1 . Construction began in January 2010 . It started test runs in September 2014 with full operation beginning on December 28 , 2014 . Eastern extension ( Phase 2 ) . The eastern extension runs through Chaoyang and Tongzhou Districts . The extension adds 9 new stations and of new line . The extension is fully underground . It was opened on December 28 , 2019 ( except station ) . Timeline . - January 8 , 2008 : Plans for Line 7 reported in the media . Construction scheduled to begin by the end of the year . - Oct . 30 , 2008 : Line 7 route plan with 23 stations receive regulatory approval . Construction still scheduled to begin by end of the year . - July 19 , 2009 : Construction on Line 7 announced to begin in late August 2009 . - Nov . 6 , 2009 : Commencement of Line 7 construction deferred to 2010 . - Jan . 19 , 2010 : Construction reportedly begun along Guangqu Road near the easternmost section of the line . - Dec . 28 , 2014 : Operations of Phase I of Line 7 begin , except for Shuangjing station and Fatou station . - Dec . 30 , 2018 : An infill station of Phase I , Fatou station was opened . - Dec . 28 , 2019 : Operations of Phase II of Line 7 begin , except for Universal Resort station . An infill station of Phase I , Shuangjing station was opened . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the terminus of Line 7 (Beijing Subway) from Dec 2019 to 2022? | /wiki/Line_7_(Beijing_Subway)#P559#1 | Line 7 ( Beijing Subway ) Line 7 of the Beijing Subway ( ) is a rapid transit line in Beijing . It runs parallel and to the south of Line 1 and Batong line , from the Beijing West railway station in Fengtai District to in Tongzhou District . Like Line 6 , Line 7 provides additional relief to the overcapacity Line 1 adding another east–west trunk line to the Beijing Subway network . Description . Line 7 has 30 stations , currently 29 stations are opened ( station is not opened yet ) . The line uses 8-car Type B trains . The line was originally slated to have 15 stations , from the Beijing West railway station to Baiziwan . A revised plan approved by the Planning Committee of the Beijing Municipal government called for 21 stations over , ending in Jiaohuachang . Stations . List of stations from west to east . Planning . Line 6 was originally conceived in 1973 as a pan-handle shaped route incorporating the central sections of todays Lines 6 and 7 . In 1983 Line 6 was dissolved into two distinct lines . The section under Guanganmen , Luomashi , Zhushikou and Guangqumen Streets and the handle branch to Fengtai became Line 7 . The rest of the loop with a new south eastern extension to what was at the time the Beijing Jiaohuachang ( Coking Plant ) complex became Line 6 . Line 7 was later revised westward to terminate at a new major railway station called Beijing West railway station and Line 9 taking over servicing Fengtai . When Beijing West railway station started construction in the early 1990s space was set aside for a subway station allowing Cross-platform interchange for the future Lines 7 and 9 . By 1993 the planned section of Line 6 heading to Coking Plant complex was revised as an eastern extension of Line 7 , forming the alignment built today . In 2013 , planners revised the design of Line 7 from using the standard 6 car trains to 8 car trains after performing a detailed transport study of the Fatou area . Fatous population projections were upgraded from 100,000 to 220,000 people and be a significant employment hub in the future . Planners decided that 6 cars trains would have insufficient capacity for the new demand projections . Line 7 was originally planned to use 1500 V DC overhead lines to power the longer subway trains . However , the already completed platforms at Beijing West railway station assumed the line would use a 750 V DC 3rd rail system like Beijings legacy subway lines and built with vertical clearance for such . The line ultimately used a 1500 V DC 3rd rail system as a compromise . History . Phase 1 . Construction began in January 2010 . It started test runs in September 2014 with full operation beginning on December 28 , 2014 . Eastern extension ( Phase 2 ) . The eastern extension runs through Chaoyang and Tongzhou Districts . The extension adds 9 new stations and of new line . The extension is fully underground . It was opened on December 28 , 2019 ( except station ) . Timeline . - January 8 , 2008 : Plans for Line 7 reported in the media . Construction scheduled to begin by the end of the year . - Oct . 30 , 2008 : Line 7 route plan with 23 stations receive regulatory approval . Construction still scheduled to begin by end of the year . - July 19 , 2009 : Construction on Line 7 announced to begin in late August 2009 . - Nov . 6 , 2009 : Commencement of Line 7 construction deferred to 2010 . - Jan . 19 , 2010 : Construction reportedly begun along Guangqu Road near the easternmost section of the line . - Dec . 28 , 2014 : Operations of Phase I of Line 7 begin , except for Shuangjing station and Fatou station . - Dec . 30 , 2018 : An infill station of Phase I , Fatou station was opened . - Dec . 28 , 2019 : Operations of Phase II of Line 7 begin , except for Universal Resort station . An infill station of Phase I , Shuangjing station was opened . |
[
""
] | easy | Which employer did Teodor Currentzis work for from 1999 to 2004? | /wiki/Teodor_Currentzis#P108#0 | Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( ; born 24 February 1972 ) is a Greek-Russian conductor , musician and actor . Currentzis was born in Athens , and at age 4 began to take piano lessons . At age 7 , he began violin lessons . He entered the National Conservatory , Athens at the age of 12 , in the violin department . In 1987 , aged 15 , he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos , and then in 1989 under Professor B . Shreck . From 1994 to 1999 , Currentzis studied conducting in the St . Petersburg State Conservatory with Ilya Musin . From 2004 to 2010 , Currentzis served as principal conductor of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre , where in 2004 he founded the Orchestra MusicAeterna and later the Chorus MusicAeterna . Since February 2011 , Currentzis has been music director of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre , to which he brought both of his MusicAeterna groups . Currentzis became principal guest conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2011 . In April 2017 , the SWR announced the appointment of Currentzis as the first chief conductor of the SWR Symphonieorchester ( the successor orchestra to the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra ) , effective with the 2018–2019 season . Outside of music , in 2009 , Currentzis acted in Ilya Khrzhanovskys film Dau ( ) based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau . Awards . Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award Golden Mask nine times : - 2007 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008 : Special Award of the Musical Theatre Jury For Impressive Achievements in Musical Authenticity in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro . - 2011 : Best Conductor of an opera for Alban Bergs Wozzeck at the Bolshoi Theater . - 2013 : Best Conductor of an opera for Mozarts Così fan tutte - 2013 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Chout - 2015 : Best Conductor of an opera for Henry Purcells The Indian Queen - 2017 : Best Conductor of an opera for Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata - 2018 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella - 2018 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Cantos , Aleksey Syumaks opera Productions . - 2004/05 – Giuseppe Verdis Aida directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov . - 2005/06 – concert performance and CD record of Henry Purcells Dido and Aeneas . - 2006/07 – Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro directed by Tatjana Gürbaca . - 2006/07 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk directed by Henrich Baranovsky . - 2007 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008/09 – Giuseppe Verdis Macbeth directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre and Opéra Bastille . - 2009/10 – Alban Bergs Wozzeck directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre . - 2009/10 – Mozarts Don Giovanni directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre and Aix-en-Provence Festival . - 2010 – Mieczysław Weinbergs The Passenger at the Bregenzer Festspiele directed by David Pountney . - 2010 – Alexei Siumaks The Requiem in the Moscow Art Theatre . - 2011 – Mozarts Così fan tutte in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2012 – Tchaikovskys Iolanta and Stravinskys Persephone in the Teatro Real , Madrid . - 2012 – Verdis Macbeth in the Bavarian State Opera , Munich . - 2012 – Sergei Prokofievs Chout . - 2013 – Purcells The Indian Queen in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre with coproduction of Teatro Real and English National Opera . - 2014 – Dmitry Kurlyandskys Nosferatu in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2014 – Mozarts Don Giovanni in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2015 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Orango at Diaghilev Festival . - 2016 – Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata directed by Robert Wilson in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2017 – Mozarts La clemenza di Tito at Salzburg Festival - 2018 – Arthur Honeggers Jeanne dArc au bûcher at Diaghilev Festival . - 2018 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2018 – Alexey Symaks Cantos in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . Discography . - Purcell : Dido and Aeneas ( Alpha , 2008 ) - Mozart : Requiem ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Symphony No . 14 ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Piano Concertos ; Sonata for Violin and Piano ( Harmonia Mundi , 2012 ) - Mozart : Le Nozze di Figaro ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Rameau : The Sound of Light ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Mozart : Così fan tutte ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Stravinsky : Le Sacre du printemps ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto , Stravinsky : Les Noces ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Mozart : Don Giovanni ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Artyomov : Symphony Gentle Emanation ( Divine Art , 2016 ) - Tchaikovsky : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2017 ) - Mahler : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2018 ) - Beethoven : Symphony No . 5 ( Sony Classical , 2020 ) Filmography . - Iolanta/Perséphone ( Teatro Real , 2012 ) - Purcell : The Indian Queen ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Dau : Lev Landau ( Ilya Khrzhanovsky , 2019 ) External links . - Official Teodor Currentzis website - The Magnet , by Hartmut Welscher , VAN Magazine , 1 June 2017 . |
[
"Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre"
] | easy | Teodor Currentzis was an employee for whom from 2004 to 2009? | /wiki/Teodor_Currentzis#P108#1 | Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( ; born 24 February 1972 ) is a Greek-Russian conductor , musician and actor . Currentzis was born in Athens , and at age 4 began to take piano lessons . At age 7 , he began violin lessons . He entered the National Conservatory , Athens at the age of 12 , in the violin department . In 1987 , aged 15 , he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos , and then in 1989 under Professor B . Shreck . From 1994 to 1999 , Currentzis studied conducting in the St . Petersburg State Conservatory with Ilya Musin . From 2004 to 2010 , Currentzis served as principal conductor of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre , where in 2004 he founded the Orchestra MusicAeterna and later the Chorus MusicAeterna . Since February 2011 , Currentzis has been music director of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre , to which he brought both of his MusicAeterna groups . Currentzis became principal guest conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2011 . In April 2017 , the SWR announced the appointment of Currentzis as the first chief conductor of the SWR Symphonieorchester ( the successor orchestra to the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra ) , effective with the 2018–2019 season . Outside of music , in 2009 , Currentzis acted in Ilya Khrzhanovskys film Dau ( ) based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau . Awards . Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award Golden Mask nine times : - 2007 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008 : Special Award of the Musical Theatre Jury For Impressive Achievements in Musical Authenticity in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro . - 2011 : Best Conductor of an opera for Alban Bergs Wozzeck at the Bolshoi Theater . - 2013 : Best Conductor of an opera for Mozarts Così fan tutte - 2013 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Chout - 2015 : Best Conductor of an opera for Henry Purcells The Indian Queen - 2017 : Best Conductor of an opera for Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata - 2018 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella - 2018 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Cantos , Aleksey Syumaks opera Productions . - 2004/05 – Giuseppe Verdis Aida directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov . - 2005/06 – concert performance and CD record of Henry Purcells Dido and Aeneas . - 2006/07 – Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro directed by Tatjana Gürbaca . - 2006/07 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk directed by Henrich Baranovsky . - 2007 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008/09 – Giuseppe Verdis Macbeth directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre and Opéra Bastille . - 2009/10 – Alban Bergs Wozzeck directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre . - 2009/10 – Mozarts Don Giovanni directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre and Aix-en-Provence Festival . - 2010 – Mieczysław Weinbergs The Passenger at the Bregenzer Festspiele directed by David Pountney . - 2010 – Alexei Siumaks The Requiem in the Moscow Art Theatre . - 2011 – Mozarts Così fan tutte in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2012 – Tchaikovskys Iolanta and Stravinskys Persephone in the Teatro Real , Madrid . - 2012 – Verdis Macbeth in the Bavarian State Opera , Munich . - 2012 – Sergei Prokofievs Chout . - 2013 – Purcells The Indian Queen in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre with coproduction of Teatro Real and English National Opera . - 2014 – Dmitry Kurlyandskys Nosferatu in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2014 – Mozarts Don Giovanni in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2015 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Orango at Diaghilev Festival . - 2016 – Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata directed by Robert Wilson in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2017 – Mozarts La clemenza di Tito at Salzburg Festival - 2018 – Arthur Honeggers Jeanne dArc au bûcher at Diaghilev Festival . - 2018 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2018 – Alexey Symaks Cantos in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . Discography . - Purcell : Dido and Aeneas ( Alpha , 2008 ) - Mozart : Requiem ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Symphony No . 14 ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Piano Concertos ; Sonata for Violin and Piano ( Harmonia Mundi , 2012 ) - Mozart : Le Nozze di Figaro ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Rameau : The Sound of Light ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Mozart : Così fan tutte ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Stravinsky : Le Sacre du printemps ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto , Stravinsky : Les Noces ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Mozart : Don Giovanni ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Artyomov : Symphony Gentle Emanation ( Divine Art , 2016 ) - Tchaikovsky : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2017 ) - Mahler : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2018 ) - Beethoven : Symphony No . 5 ( Sony Classical , 2020 ) Filmography . - Iolanta/Perséphone ( Teatro Real , 2012 ) - Purcell : The Indian Queen ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Dau : Lev Landau ( Ilya Khrzhanovsky , 2019 ) External links . - Official Teodor Currentzis website - The Magnet , by Hartmut Welscher , VAN Magazine , 1 June 2017 . |
[
"Bolshoi Theatre"
] | easy | Who did Teodor Currentzis work for from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Teodor_Currentzis#P108#2 | Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( ; born 24 February 1972 ) is a Greek-Russian conductor , musician and actor . Currentzis was born in Athens , and at age 4 began to take piano lessons . At age 7 , he began violin lessons . He entered the National Conservatory , Athens at the age of 12 , in the violin department . In 1987 , aged 15 , he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos , and then in 1989 under Professor B . Shreck . From 1994 to 1999 , Currentzis studied conducting in the St . Petersburg State Conservatory with Ilya Musin . From 2004 to 2010 , Currentzis served as principal conductor of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre , where in 2004 he founded the Orchestra MusicAeterna and later the Chorus MusicAeterna . Since February 2011 , Currentzis has been music director of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre , to which he brought both of his MusicAeterna groups . Currentzis became principal guest conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2011 . In April 2017 , the SWR announced the appointment of Currentzis as the first chief conductor of the SWR Symphonieorchester ( the successor orchestra to the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra ) , effective with the 2018–2019 season . Outside of music , in 2009 , Currentzis acted in Ilya Khrzhanovskys film Dau ( ) based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau . Awards . Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award Golden Mask nine times : - 2007 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008 : Special Award of the Musical Theatre Jury For Impressive Achievements in Musical Authenticity in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro . - 2011 : Best Conductor of an opera for Alban Bergs Wozzeck at the Bolshoi Theater . - 2013 : Best Conductor of an opera for Mozarts Così fan tutte - 2013 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Chout - 2015 : Best Conductor of an opera for Henry Purcells The Indian Queen - 2017 : Best Conductor of an opera for Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata - 2018 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella - 2018 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Cantos , Aleksey Syumaks opera Productions . - 2004/05 – Giuseppe Verdis Aida directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov . - 2005/06 – concert performance and CD record of Henry Purcells Dido and Aeneas . - 2006/07 – Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro directed by Tatjana Gürbaca . - 2006/07 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk directed by Henrich Baranovsky . - 2007 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008/09 – Giuseppe Verdis Macbeth directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre and Opéra Bastille . - 2009/10 – Alban Bergs Wozzeck directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre . - 2009/10 – Mozarts Don Giovanni directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre and Aix-en-Provence Festival . - 2010 – Mieczysław Weinbergs The Passenger at the Bregenzer Festspiele directed by David Pountney . - 2010 – Alexei Siumaks The Requiem in the Moscow Art Theatre . - 2011 – Mozarts Così fan tutte in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2012 – Tchaikovskys Iolanta and Stravinskys Persephone in the Teatro Real , Madrid . - 2012 – Verdis Macbeth in the Bavarian State Opera , Munich . - 2012 – Sergei Prokofievs Chout . - 2013 – Purcells The Indian Queen in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre with coproduction of Teatro Real and English National Opera . - 2014 – Dmitry Kurlyandskys Nosferatu in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2014 – Mozarts Don Giovanni in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2015 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Orango at Diaghilev Festival . - 2016 – Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata directed by Robert Wilson in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2017 – Mozarts La clemenza di Tito at Salzburg Festival - 2018 – Arthur Honeggers Jeanne dArc au bûcher at Diaghilev Festival . - 2018 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2018 – Alexey Symaks Cantos in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . Discography . - Purcell : Dido and Aeneas ( Alpha , 2008 ) - Mozart : Requiem ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Symphony No . 14 ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Piano Concertos ; Sonata for Violin and Piano ( Harmonia Mundi , 2012 ) - Mozart : Le Nozze di Figaro ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Rameau : The Sound of Light ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Mozart : Così fan tutte ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Stravinsky : Le Sacre du printemps ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto , Stravinsky : Les Noces ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Mozart : Don Giovanni ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Artyomov : Symphony Gentle Emanation ( Divine Art , 2016 ) - Tchaikovsky : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2017 ) - Mahler : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2018 ) - Beethoven : Symphony No . 5 ( Sony Classical , 2020 ) Filmography . - Iolanta/Perséphone ( Teatro Real , 2012 ) - Purcell : The Indian Queen ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Dau : Lev Landau ( Ilya Khrzhanovsky , 2019 ) External links . - Official Teodor Currentzis website - The Magnet , by Hartmut Welscher , VAN Magazine , 1 June 2017 . |
[
"Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre"
] | easy | Teodor Currentzis was an employee for whom from 2011 to 2019? | /wiki/Teodor_Currentzis#P108#3 | Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( ; born 24 February 1972 ) is a Greek-Russian conductor , musician and actor . Currentzis was born in Athens , and at age 4 began to take piano lessons . At age 7 , he began violin lessons . He entered the National Conservatory , Athens at the age of 12 , in the violin department . In 1987 , aged 15 , he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos , and then in 1989 under Professor B . Shreck . From 1994 to 1999 , Currentzis studied conducting in the St . Petersburg State Conservatory with Ilya Musin . From 2004 to 2010 , Currentzis served as principal conductor of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre , where in 2004 he founded the Orchestra MusicAeterna and later the Chorus MusicAeterna . Since February 2011 , Currentzis has been music director of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre , to which he brought both of his MusicAeterna groups . Currentzis became principal guest conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2011 . In April 2017 , the SWR announced the appointment of Currentzis as the first chief conductor of the SWR Symphonieorchester ( the successor orchestra to the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra ) , effective with the 2018–2019 season . Outside of music , in 2009 , Currentzis acted in Ilya Khrzhanovskys film Dau ( ) based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau . Awards . Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award Golden Mask nine times : - 2007 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008 : Special Award of the Musical Theatre Jury For Impressive Achievements in Musical Authenticity in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro . - 2011 : Best Conductor of an opera for Alban Bergs Wozzeck at the Bolshoi Theater . - 2013 : Best Conductor of an opera for Mozarts Così fan tutte - 2013 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Chout - 2015 : Best Conductor of an opera for Henry Purcells The Indian Queen - 2017 : Best Conductor of an opera for Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata - 2018 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella - 2018 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Cantos , Aleksey Syumaks opera Productions . - 2004/05 – Giuseppe Verdis Aida directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov . - 2005/06 – concert performance and CD record of Henry Purcells Dido and Aeneas . - 2006/07 – Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro directed by Tatjana Gürbaca . - 2006/07 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk directed by Henrich Baranovsky . - 2007 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008/09 – Giuseppe Verdis Macbeth directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre and Opéra Bastille . - 2009/10 – Alban Bergs Wozzeck directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre . - 2009/10 – Mozarts Don Giovanni directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre and Aix-en-Provence Festival . - 2010 – Mieczysław Weinbergs The Passenger at the Bregenzer Festspiele directed by David Pountney . - 2010 – Alexei Siumaks The Requiem in the Moscow Art Theatre . - 2011 – Mozarts Così fan tutte in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2012 – Tchaikovskys Iolanta and Stravinskys Persephone in the Teatro Real , Madrid . - 2012 – Verdis Macbeth in the Bavarian State Opera , Munich . - 2012 – Sergei Prokofievs Chout . - 2013 – Purcells The Indian Queen in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre with coproduction of Teatro Real and English National Opera . - 2014 – Dmitry Kurlyandskys Nosferatu in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2014 – Mozarts Don Giovanni in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2015 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Orango at Diaghilev Festival . - 2016 – Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata directed by Robert Wilson in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2017 – Mozarts La clemenza di Tito at Salzburg Festival - 2018 – Arthur Honeggers Jeanne dArc au bûcher at Diaghilev Festival . - 2018 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2018 – Alexey Symaks Cantos in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . Discography . - Purcell : Dido and Aeneas ( Alpha , 2008 ) - Mozart : Requiem ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Symphony No . 14 ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Piano Concertos ; Sonata for Violin and Piano ( Harmonia Mundi , 2012 ) - Mozart : Le Nozze di Figaro ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Rameau : The Sound of Light ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Mozart : Così fan tutte ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Stravinsky : Le Sacre du printemps ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto , Stravinsky : Les Noces ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Mozart : Don Giovanni ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Artyomov : Symphony Gentle Emanation ( Divine Art , 2016 ) - Tchaikovsky : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2017 ) - Mahler : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2018 ) - Beethoven : Symphony No . 5 ( Sony Classical , 2020 ) Filmography . - Iolanta/Perséphone ( Teatro Real , 2012 ) - Purcell : The Indian Queen ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Dau : Lev Landau ( Ilya Khrzhanovsky , 2019 ) External links . - Official Teodor Currentzis website - The Magnet , by Hartmut Welscher , VAN Magazine , 1 June 2017 . |
[
""
] | easy | Teodor Currentzis was an employee for whom from 2019 to 2020? | /wiki/Teodor_Currentzis#P108#4 | Teodor Currentzis Teodor Currentzis ( ; born 24 February 1972 ) is a Greek-Russian conductor , musician and actor . Currentzis was born in Athens , and at age 4 began to take piano lessons . At age 7 , he began violin lessons . He entered the National Conservatory , Athens at the age of 12 , in the violin department . In 1987 , aged 15 , he began composition studies under Professor George Hadjinikos , and then in 1989 under Professor B . Shreck . From 1994 to 1999 , Currentzis studied conducting in the St . Petersburg State Conservatory with Ilya Musin . From 2004 to 2010 , Currentzis served as principal conductor of the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre , where in 2004 he founded the Orchestra MusicAeterna and later the Chorus MusicAeterna . Since February 2011 , Currentzis has been music director of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre , to which he brought both of his MusicAeterna groups . Currentzis became principal guest conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra in 2011 . In April 2017 , the SWR announced the appointment of Currentzis as the first chief conductor of the SWR Symphonieorchester ( the successor orchestra to the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra ) , effective with the 2018–2019 season . Outside of music , in 2009 , Currentzis acted in Ilya Khrzhanovskys film Dau ( ) based on the biography of the physicist Lev Landau . Awards . Currentzis has won the National Theatre Award Golden Mask nine times : - 2007 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008 : Special Award of the Musical Theatre Jury For Impressive Achievements in Musical Authenticity in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro . - 2011 : Best Conductor of an opera for Alban Bergs Wozzeck at the Bolshoi Theater . - 2013 : Best Conductor of an opera for Mozarts Così fan tutte - 2013 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Chout - 2015 : Best Conductor of an opera for Henry Purcells The Indian Queen - 2017 : Best Conductor of an opera for Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata - 2018 : Best Conductor of a ballet for Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella - 2018 : Special Awards of the Musical Theatre Jury for Cantos , Aleksey Syumaks opera Productions . - 2004/05 – Giuseppe Verdis Aida directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov . - 2005/06 – concert performance and CD record of Henry Purcells Dido and Aeneas . - 2006/07 – Mozarts Le Nozze di Figaro directed by Tatjana Gürbaca . - 2006/07 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk directed by Henrich Baranovsky . - 2007 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella . - 2008/09 – Giuseppe Verdis Macbeth directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre and Opéra Bastille . - 2009/10 – Alban Bergs Wozzeck directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre . - 2009/10 – Mozarts Don Giovanni directed by Dmitri Tcherniakov in Bolshoi Theatre and Aix-en-Provence Festival . - 2010 – Mieczysław Weinbergs The Passenger at the Bregenzer Festspiele directed by David Pountney . - 2010 – Alexei Siumaks The Requiem in the Moscow Art Theatre . - 2011 – Mozarts Così fan tutte in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2012 – Tchaikovskys Iolanta and Stravinskys Persephone in the Teatro Real , Madrid . - 2012 – Verdis Macbeth in the Bavarian State Opera , Munich . - 2012 – Sergei Prokofievs Chout . - 2013 – Purcells The Indian Queen in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre with coproduction of Teatro Real and English National Opera . - 2014 – Dmitry Kurlyandskys Nosferatu in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2014 – Mozarts Don Giovanni in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2015 – Dmitri Shostakovichs Orango at Diaghilev Festival . - 2016 – Giuseppe Verdis La Traviata directed by Robert Wilson in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2017 – Mozarts La clemenza di Tito at Salzburg Festival - 2018 – Arthur Honeggers Jeanne dArc au bûcher at Diaghilev Festival . - 2018 – Sergei Prokofievs Cinderella in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . - 2018 – Alexey Symaks Cantos in the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre . Discography . - Purcell : Dido and Aeneas ( Alpha , 2008 ) - Mozart : Requiem ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Symphony No . 14 ( Alpha , 2011 ) - Shostakovich : Piano Concertos ; Sonata for Violin and Piano ( Harmonia Mundi , 2012 ) - Mozart : Le Nozze di Figaro ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Rameau : The Sound of Light ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Mozart : Così fan tutte ( Sony Classical , 2014 ) - Stravinsky : Le Sacre du printemps ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto , Stravinsky : Les Noces ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Mozart : Don Giovanni ( Sony Classical , 2016 ) - Artyomov : Symphony Gentle Emanation ( Divine Art , 2016 ) - Tchaikovsky : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2017 ) - Mahler : Symphony No . 6 ( Sony Classical , 2018 ) - Beethoven : Symphony No . 5 ( Sony Classical , 2020 ) Filmography . - Iolanta/Perséphone ( Teatro Real , 2012 ) - Purcell : The Indian Queen ( Sony Classical , 2015 ) - Dau : Lev Landau ( Ilya Khrzhanovsky , 2019 ) External links . - Official Teodor Currentzis website - The Magnet , by Hartmut Welscher , VAN Magazine , 1 June 2017 . |
[
"foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
"foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"
] | easy | What organization did Sophus Lie join in 1895? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#0 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
[
""
] | easy | What organization did Sophus Lie join in May 1886? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#1 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
[
"Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London",
"foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"
] | easy | Sophus Lie became a member of what organization or association in 1895? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#2 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
Subsets and Splits