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[
"Member of the French Academy of Sciences"
] | easy | What organization did Sophus Lie join in 1892? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#3 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
[
""
] | easy | What organization did Sophus Lie join in May 1898? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#4 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
[
"Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society"
] | easy | Sophus Lie became a member of what organization or association in 1878? | /wiki/Sophus_Lie#P463#5 | Sophus Lie Marius Sophus Lie ( ; ; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899 ) was a Norwegian mathematician . He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations . Biography . His first mathematical work , Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie , was published in 1869 by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelles Journal . That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin , where he stayed from September to February 1870 . There , he met Felix Klein and they became close friends . When he left Berlin , Lie traveled to Paris , where he was joined by Klein two months later . There , they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux . But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein ( who was Prussian ) had to leave France very quickly . Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy , an event that made him famous in Norway . He was released from prison after a month , thanks to the intervention of Darboux . Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania ( present day Oslo ) in 1871 with a thesis entitled Over en Classe geometriske Transformationer ( On a Class of Geometric Transformations ) . It would be described by Darboux as one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry . The next year , the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him . That same year , Lie visited Klein , who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program . In 1872 Lie spent eight years together with Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow , editing and publishing the mathematical works of their countryman , Niels Henrik Abel . At the end of 1872 , Sophus Lie proposed to Anna Birch , then eighteen years old , and they were married in 1874 . The couple had three children : Marie ( b . 1877 ) , Dagny ( b . 1880 ) and Herman ( b . 1884 ) . In 1884 , Friedrich Engel arrived at Christiania to help him , with the support of Klein and Adolph Mayer ( who were both professors at Leipzig , by then ) . Engel would help Lie to write his most important treatise , Theorie der Transformationsgruppen , published in Leipzig in three volumes from 1888 to 1893 . Decades later , Engel would also be one of the two editors of Lies collected works . In 1886 Lie became professor at Leipzig , replacing Klein , who had moved to Göttingen . In November 1889 , Lie suffered a mental breakdown and had to be hospitalized until June 1890 . After that , he returned to his post , but over the years his anaemia progressed to the point where he decided to return to his homeland . Consequently , in 1898 he tendered his resignation in May , and left for home ( for good ) in September the same year . He died the following year , 1899 . He was made Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society in 1878 , Member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1892 , Foreign Member of the Royal Society of London in 1895 and foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 1895 . Sophus Lie died at the age of 56 , due to pernicious anemia , a disease caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B . Legacy . Lies principal tool , and one of his greatest achievements , was the discovery that continuous transformation groups ( now called , after him , Lie groups ) could be better understood by linearizing them , and studying the corresponding generating vector fields ( the so-called infinitesimal generators ) . The generators are subject to a linearized version of the group law , now called the commutator bracket , and have the structure of what is today called a Lie algebra . Hermann Weyl used Lies work on group theory in his papers from 1922 and 1923 , and Lie groups today play a role in quantum mechanics . However , the subject of Lie groups as it is studied today is vastly different from what the research by Sophus Lie was about and among the 19th century masters , Lies work is in detail certainly the least known today . Sophus Lie was an eager proponent in the establishment of the Abel Prize . Inspired by the Nansen fund named after Fridtjof Nansen , and the lack of a prize for mathematics in the Nobel Prize . He gathered support for the establishment of an award for outstanding work in pure mathematics . Lie advised many doctoral students who went on to become successful mathematicians . Élie Cartan became widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century . Kazimierz Żorawskis work was proved to be of importance to a variety of fields . Hans Frederick Blichfeldt made great contributions to various fields of mathematics . Books . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . English translation available : Edited and translated from the German and with a foreword by Joël Merker , see and - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . - . Written with the help of Friedrich Engel . - . Written with the help of Georg Scheffers . |
[
"International Master"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Nazí Paikidze in 2012? | /wiki/Nazí_Paikidze#P2962#0 | Nazí Paikidze Nazí Paikidze , sometimes also referred to as Nazí Paikidze-Barnes ( , Nazí Ṗaiḳiʒe , ; , , born 27 October 1993 ) , is a Georgian American chess player . She holds the titles of International Master ( IM ) and Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , which FIDE awarded her in 2012 and 2010 respectively . Paikidze was twice world girls champion and four-time European girls champion in her age category , and is a twice U.S . womens champion . Early life . Paikidze was born in Irkutsk , Russia . Her father was a mechanical engineer , and her mother a biochemist . Her father taught her to play chess when she was four years old . That same year , her parents moved to Tbilisi , Georgia , where she grew up with dual citizenship Georgian and Russian . In Tbilisi , Paikidze attended elementary school , where chess was part of the curriculum , and she relates that chess became her favorite class . Her chess teacher recognized her talent and suggested to her parents that they might consider chess as a profession for their daughter . Paikidze has said : Every family in Georgia owns a chess set and knows how to play . Everyone in the country knows the names and faces of the top Georgian chess players . In 1999 , at the age of 6 , Paikidze began working with her first professional chess coach and improved quickly . Just over three years later , in 2003 , at the age of 9 , Paikidze won her first international tournament : the European Youth Chess Championship , in a category for girls under ten years old . After that tournament she earned the title of FIDE Master . Her family then moved to Moscow in 2006 . Paikidzes brother was a football player . In 2008 , at the age of 14 , Paikidze began being coached by Russian grandmaster Vladimir Belov and others . She became a Woman Grandmaster in 2010 , then an International Master . Chess career . Paikidze won twelve medals at European Youth Chess Championship , World Youth Chess Championship , and World Junior Chess Championship , including six gold medals , in various age categories . She won the European Youth Chess Championship four times : in Budva 2003 ( Under-10 girls category ) , Herceg Novi 2005 ( U-12 girls ) , Šibenik 2007 ( U-14 girls ) , and Herceg Novi 2008 ( U-16 girls ) . She won medals in the World Youth Chess Championship in Kallithea 2003 ( bronze U-10 girls ) , Belfort 2005 ( silver U-12 girls ) , Batumi 2006 ( bronze U-14 girls ) , Kemer 2007 ( gold U-14 girls ) , Vũng Tàu 2008 ( gold U-16 girls ) , and Antalya 2009 ( bronze U-16 girls ) . She also won two bronze medals at the U-20 World Junior Girls Chess Championship , in Gaziantep 2008 and Madras 2011 . 2009 . At the age of 16 , Paikidze attained a peak rating of 2455 and was rated 35th in world of the top FIDE-rated women . 2010 . Paikidze jointly won the womens open event of the Moscow Open , won the Moscow Womens Championship and the Russian Womens Championship qualifier ( Higher League ) , and finished fourth in the Russian Womens Championship Superfinal . In the same year , she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , for her results in the 2008 Aeroflot Open , 2009 Georgian Womens Championship , where she came equal second , and the 2010 Moscow Open . 2011 . Paikidze represented Georgia in the 9th European Womens Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras 2011 , winning the team bronze medal . In 2012 , Paikidze was awarded the title of International Master ( IM ) . 2013 . Paikidze competed in a small number of international chess events in the United States after moving to Baltimore , Maryland . She then changed her FIDE federation to that of the U.S . 2015 . Paikidze made her debut in the U.S . Womens Chess Championship , finishing second with a score of 7½/11 points . Later that year , she won the Boardwalk Open in Galloway , New Jersey , edging out on tiebreak Sergey Kudrin and Igor Sorkin , after all finished on 4/5 . 2016 . On April 25 , Paikidze won the U.S . Womens Championship in her second appearance with 8½ points in 11 games . Paikidze boycotted the Womens World Chess Championship 2017 in Tehran , Iran due to its hijab dress code : I will not wear a hijab and support womens oppression . Even if it means missing one of the most important competitions of my career . She received support for her stance from the U.S . Chess Federation , as well as prominent players Nigel Short and Garry Kasparov . Her online petition asking for the championship to be moved or the hijab laws to be relaxed has received over 15,000 signatures . It has been pointed out in this context that the U.S . Department of State has issued a warning that there is a risk of arrest and detention of U.S . citizens , and also states that travelers should very carefully weigh the risks of travel and consider postponing their travel . 2018 . In April , Paikidze won the 2018 U.S . Womens Championship for the second time , after defeating WIM Annie Wang in the playoff match , which started with 1-1 in the rapid , and finished with Paikidze winning as white in the Armageddon . Personal life . Paikidze currently is a full-time chess professional . She married American engineer Greg Barnes and resides in the area of Las Vegas , Nevada , U.S . Paikidze studied at the University of Maryland , Baltimore County ( UMBC ) , which has a chess program that has won a record number of times both the Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship and the Presidents Cup . She joined the UMBC team in the fall of 2012 . Meanings of names . - Her Georgian first name , Nazí ( ნაზი ) translates as gentle . She has explained that the correct pronunciation is nah-ZEE ( ) . She was named after her grandmother . - Her Russian patronym Nodarovna ( Нодаровна ) translates as daughter of Nodar , with Nodar ( Нодар ) being her fathers name and -ovna ( -овна ) translating to daughter of . - Her Georgian family name translates as Pawns son or son of a pawn , with paiki ( პაიკი ) translating as pawn , dze ( ძე ) translating as son . External links . - Nazi Paikidze chess games at 365Chess.com |
[
"Woman Grandmaster"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Nazí Paikidze in 2010? | /wiki/Nazí_Paikidze#P2962#1 | Nazí Paikidze Nazí Paikidze , sometimes also referred to as Nazí Paikidze-Barnes ( , Nazí Ṗaiḳiʒe , ; , , born 27 October 1993 ) , is a Georgian American chess player . She holds the titles of International Master ( IM ) and Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , which FIDE awarded her in 2012 and 2010 respectively . Paikidze was twice world girls champion and four-time European girls champion in her age category , and is a twice U.S . womens champion . Early life . Paikidze was born in Irkutsk , Russia . Her father was a mechanical engineer , and her mother a biochemist . Her father taught her to play chess when she was four years old . That same year , her parents moved to Tbilisi , Georgia , where she grew up with dual citizenship Georgian and Russian . In Tbilisi , Paikidze attended elementary school , where chess was part of the curriculum , and she relates that chess became her favorite class . Her chess teacher recognized her talent and suggested to her parents that they might consider chess as a profession for their daughter . Paikidze has said : Every family in Georgia owns a chess set and knows how to play . Everyone in the country knows the names and faces of the top Georgian chess players . In 1999 , at the age of 6 , Paikidze began working with her first professional chess coach and improved quickly . Just over three years later , in 2003 , at the age of 9 , Paikidze won her first international tournament : the European Youth Chess Championship , in a category for girls under ten years old . After that tournament she earned the title of FIDE Master . Her family then moved to Moscow in 2006 . Paikidzes brother was a football player . In 2008 , at the age of 14 , Paikidze began being coached by Russian grandmaster Vladimir Belov and others . She became a Woman Grandmaster in 2010 , then an International Master . Chess career . Paikidze won twelve medals at European Youth Chess Championship , World Youth Chess Championship , and World Junior Chess Championship , including six gold medals , in various age categories . She won the European Youth Chess Championship four times : in Budva 2003 ( Under-10 girls category ) , Herceg Novi 2005 ( U-12 girls ) , Šibenik 2007 ( U-14 girls ) , and Herceg Novi 2008 ( U-16 girls ) . She won medals in the World Youth Chess Championship in Kallithea 2003 ( bronze U-10 girls ) , Belfort 2005 ( silver U-12 girls ) , Batumi 2006 ( bronze U-14 girls ) , Kemer 2007 ( gold U-14 girls ) , Vũng Tàu 2008 ( gold U-16 girls ) , and Antalya 2009 ( bronze U-16 girls ) . She also won two bronze medals at the U-20 World Junior Girls Chess Championship , in Gaziantep 2008 and Madras 2011 . 2009 . At the age of 16 , Paikidze attained a peak rating of 2455 and was rated 35th in world of the top FIDE-rated women . 2010 . Paikidze jointly won the womens open event of the Moscow Open , won the Moscow Womens Championship and the Russian Womens Championship qualifier ( Higher League ) , and finished fourth in the Russian Womens Championship Superfinal . In the same year , she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , for her results in the 2008 Aeroflot Open , 2009 Georgian Womens Championship , where she came equal second , and the 2010 Moscow Open . 2011 . Paikidze represented Georgia in the 9th European Womens Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras 2011 , winning the team bronze medal . In 2012 , Paikidze was awarded the title of International Master ( IM ) . 2013 . Paikidze competed in a small number of international chess events in the United States after moving to Baltimore , Maryland . She then changed her FIDE federation to that of the U.S . 2015 . Paikidze made her debut in the U.S . Womens Chess Championship , finishing second with a score of 7½/11 points . Later that year , she won the Boardwalk Open in Galloway , New Jersey , edging out on tiebreak Sergey Kudrin and Igor Sorkin , after all finished on 4/5 . 2016 . On April 25 , Paikidze won the U.S . Womens Championship in her second appearance with 8½ points in 11 games . Paikidze boycotted the Womens World Chess Championship 2017 in Tehran , Iran due to its hijab dress code : I will not wear a hijab and support womens oppression . Even if it means missing one of the most important competitions of my career . She received support for her stance from the U.S . Chess Federation , as well as prominent players Nigel Short and Garry Kasparov . Her online petition asking for the championship to be moved or the hijab laws to be relaxed has received over 15,000 signatures . It has been pointed out in this context that the U.S . Department of State has issued a warning that there is a risk of arrest and detention of U.S . citizens , and also states that travelers should very carefully weigh the risks of travel and consider postponing their travel . 2018 . In April , Paikidze won the 2018 U.S . Womens Championship for the second time , after defeating WIM Annie Wang in the playoff match , which started with 1-1 in the rapid , and finished with Paikidze winning as white in the Armageddon . Personal life . Paikidze currently is a full-time chess professional . She married American engineer Greg Barnes and resides in the area of Las Vegas , Nevada , U.S . Paikidze studied at the University of Maryland , Baltimore County ( UMBC ) , which has a chess program that has won a record number of times both the Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship and the Presidents Cup . She joined the UMBC team in the fall of 2012 . Meanings of names . - Her Georgian first name , Nazí ( ნაზი ) translates as gentle . She has explained that the correct pronunciation is nah-ZEE ( ) . She was named after her grandmother . - Her Russian patronym Nodarovna ( Нодаровна ) translates as daughter of Nodar , with Nodar ( Нодар ) being her fathers name and -ovna ( -овна ) translating to daughter of . - Her Georgian family name translates as Pawns son or son of a pawn , with paiki ( პაიკი ) translating as pawn , dze ( ძე ) translating as son . External links . - Nazi Paikidze chess games at 365Chess.com |
[
"Woman Grandmaster"
] | easy | Which title was conferred to Nazí Paikidze in 2009? | /wiki/Nazí_Paikidze#P2962#2 | Nazí Paikidze Nazí Paikidze , sometimes also referred to as Nazí Paikidze-Barnes ( , Nazí Ṗaiḳiʒe , ; , , born 27 October 1993 ) , is a Georgian American chess player . She holds the titles of International Master ( IM ) and Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , which FIDE awarded her in 2012 and 2010 respectively . Paikidze was twice world girls champion and four-time European girls champion in her age category , and is a twice U.S . womens champion . Early life . Paikidze was born in Irkutsk , Russia . Her father was a mechanical engineer , and her mother a biochemist . Her father taught her to play chess when she was four years old . That same year , her parents moved to Tbilisi , Georgia , where she grew up with dual citizenship Georgian and Russian . In Tbilisi , Paikidze attended elementary school , where chess was part of the curriculum , and she relates that chess became her favorite class . Her chess teacher recognized her talent and suggested to her parents that they might consider chess as a profession for their daughter . Paikidze has said : Every family in Georgia owns a chess set and knows how to play . Everyone in the country knows the names and faces of the top Georgian chess players . In 1999 , at the age of 6 , Paikidze began working with her first professional chess coach and improved quickly . Just over three years later , in 2003 , at the age of 9 , Paikidze won her first international tournament : the European Youth Chess Championship , in a category for girls under ten years old . After that tournament she earned the title of FIDE Master . Her family then moved to Moscow in 2006 . Paikidzes brother was a football player . In 2008 , at the age of 14 , Paikidze began being coached by Russian grandmaster Vladimir Belov and others . She became a Woman Grandmaster in 2010 , then an International Master . Chess career . Paikidze won twelve medals at European Youth Chess Championship , World Youth Chess Championship , and World Junior Chess Championship , including six gold medals , in various age categories . She won the European Youth Chess Championship four times : in Budva 2003 ( Under-10 girls category ) , Herceg Novi 2005 ( U-12 girls ) , Šibenik 2007 ( U-14 girls ) , and Herceg Novi 2008 ( U-16 girls ) . She won medals in the World Youth Chess Championship in Kallithea 2003 ( bronze U-10 girls ) , Belfort 2005 ( silver U-12 girls ) , Batumi 2006 ( bronze U-14 girls ) , Kemer 2007 ( gold U-14 girls ) , Vũng Tàu 2008 ( gold U-16 girls ) , and Antalya 2009 ( bronze U-16 girls ) . She also won two bronze medals at the U-20 World Junior Girls Chess Championship , in Gaziantep 2008 and Madras 2011 . 2009 . At the age of 16 , Paikidze attained a peak rating of 2455 and was rated 35th in world of the top FIDE-rated women . 2010 . Paikidze jointly won the womens open event of the Moscow Open , won the Moscow Womens Championship and the Russian Womens Championship qualifier ( Higher League ) , and finished fourth in the Russian Womens Championship Superfinal . In the same year , she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster ( WGM ) , for her results in the 2008 Aeroflot Open , 2009 Georgian Womens Championship , where she came equal second , and the 2010 Moscow Open . 2011 . Paikidze represented Georgia in the 9th European Womens Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras 2011 , winning the team bronze medal . In 2012 , Paikidze was awarded the title of International Master ( IM ) . 2013 . Paikidze competed in a small number of international chess events in the United States after moving to Baltimore , Maryland . She then changed her FIDE federation to that of the U.S . 2015 . Paikidze made her debut in the U.S . Womens Chess Championship , finishing second with a score of 7½/11 points . Later that year , she won the Boardwalk Open in Galloway , New Jersey , edging out on tiebreak Sergey Kudrin and Igor Sorkin , after all finished on 4/5 . 2016 . On April 25 , Paikidze won the U.S . Womens Championship in her second appearance with 8½ points in 11 games . Paikidze boycotted the Womens World Chess Championship 2017 in Tehran , Iran due to its hijab dress code : I will not wear a hijab and support womens oppression . Even if it means missing one of the most important competitions of my career . She received support for her stance from the U.S . Chess Federation , as well as prominent players Nigel Short and Garry Kasparov . Her online petition asking for the championship to be moved or the hijab laws to be relaxed has received over 15,000 signatures . It has been pointed out in this context that the U.S . Department of State has issued a warning that there is a risk of arrest and detention of U.S . citizens , and also states that travelers should very carefully weigh the risks of travel and consider postponing their travel . 2018 . In April , Paikidze won the 2018 U.S . Womens Championship for the second time , after defeating WIM Annie Wang in the playoff match , which started with 1-1 in the rapid , and finished with Paikidze winning as white in the Armageddon . Personal life . Paikidze currently is a full-time chess professional . She married American engineer Greg Barnes and resides in the area of Las Vegas , Nevada , U.S . Paikidze studied at the University of Maryland , Baltimore County ( UMBC ) , which has a chess program that has won a record number of times both the Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship and the Presidents Cup . She joined the UMBC team in the fall of 2012 . Meanings of names . - Her Georgian first name , Nazí ( ნაზი ) translates as gentle . She has explained that the correct pronunciation is nah-ZEE ( ) . She was named after her grandmother . - Her Russian patronym Nodarovna ( Нодаровна ) translates as daughter of Nodar , with Nodar ( Нодар ) being her fathers name and -ovna ( -овна ) translating to daughter of . - Her Georgian family name translates as Pawns son or son of a pawn , with paiki ( პაიკი ) translating as pawn , dze ( ძე ) translating as son . External links . - Nazi Paikidze chess games at 365Chess.com |
[
"Agriculture Minister"
] | easy | What position did Dacian Cioloș take from Oct 2007 to Dec 2008? | /wiki/Dacian_Cioloș#P39#0 | Dacian Cioloș Dacian Julien Cioloș ( ; born 27 July 1969 ) is a Romanian agronomist who was Prime Minister of Romania between November 2015 and January 2017 . In the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet , he was Agriculture Minister from October 2007 to December 2008 . In November 2009 , European Commission President José Manuel Barroso nominated him to be the next Agriculture Commissioner , a post he assumed in February 2010 and held until his term expired in November 2014 . In November 2015 , President Klaus Iohannis named him Prime Minister , and Cioloș assumed office after receiving approval from Parliament . He remained until after the 2016 parliamentary election , which was lost by the parties that called for Cioloș to continue his term . Cioloș is the founder and current leader of the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( PLUS ) . In May 2019 , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament , subsequently becoming leader of the new Renew Europe political group . Biography . Background and government career . He was born in Zalău , but spent much of his childhood with his grandparents in nearby Pericei village , where he developed an interest in farming . After graduating from the agricultural high school in Șimleu Silvaniei in 1987 , he attended the Faculty of Horticulture at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca , earning a horticultural engineers degree in 1994 . He also holds degrees in the economy of agricultural development from the École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes and from the University of Montpellier 1 , where he respectively earned a masters in 1997 and a doctorate in 2006 . He has belonged to the agricultural think tank Groupe de Bruges since 2000 . Although in Romania Cioloș was a political independent , he was affiliated with the European Peoples Party ( EPP ) at the European level . From 1991 to 1996 , Cioloș completed thirteen months worth of internships on organic farms in the French region of Brittany . In the summer of 1995 , he prepared a rural development project between Savoie and Argeș County , while working at the Aveyron agricultural chamber of commerce in Rodez during 1997 , studying agricultural and rural development in the northern part of that department . In 1997 and 1999 , he interned as an agro-economist at the European Commissions Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development in Brussels , helping prepare the Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development ( SAPARD ) . In 1998–1999 , he directed a local rural development programme in Argeș County , again cooperating with Savoie . From 1999 to 2001 , he worked at two agricultural development agencies in France , coordinating joint programmes with Romania in that field . From 2002 to 2003 , as part of the European Commissions delegation to Romania , he helped manage SAPARDs implementation in his native country . From January 2005 to May 2007 , he was an adviser to Romanias Agriculture Minister , and a representative in the Council of the European Unions Special Committee on Agriculture . From May to October 2007 , he was undersecretary of state for European affairs at the ministry . Following the resignation of Decebal Traian Remeș due to a corruption scandal , he was appointed Agriculture Minister in October 2007 , serving until the following December , when Tăriceanus National Liberal Party-led government left office after a parliamentary election . Early in 2009 , he returned to work at the Agriculture and Rural Development DG , and that July , President Traian Băsescu named him to head a one-year commission looking at public agricultural development policies . Nomination and term as EU Commissioner for Agriculture . In October 2009 , the Emil Boc government , hoping to secure the Agriculture portfolio in the second Barroso Commission , nominated Cioloș as Romanias EU Commissioner . The proposal was criticised by the opposition National Liberals ( PNL ) and Social Democrats ( PSD ) , who saw it as a last-ditch maneuver by a government on the brink of collapse , as well as by the Party of European Socialists , who believed that the position ought to have gone to a Social Democrat . Bocs cabinet did indeed collapse the day after nominating Cioloș , when it lost a motion of no confidence . At the end of November , Barroso nominated Cioloș to the Agriculture position , observing that he was the most competent of those submitted for consideration , and lauding his modern vision of agriculture and rural development . The British magazine Farmers Weekly considered the nomination a controversial choice , citing recent mismanagement by Romania of EU funds , but also acknowledged his broad agricultural experience . England and Wales National Farmers Union as well as Scotlands NFU welcomed the appointment . Italian Minister of Agriculture Luca Zaia and French President Nicolas Sarkozy likewise congratulated Cioloș . German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur and British newspaper The Independent both criticised the nomination due to the funds mismanagement issue , with French daily Ouest-France alleging that the cause of British indignation was the perception that Cioloș would be akin to a second French EU Commissioner , given his close ties to that country . After winning approval from the European Parliament in February 2010 , Cioloș set forth his priority : maintaining a thriving agricultural sector in order to ensure food security , environmental preservation and protection of the countryside , help combat global warming and maintain a fair standard of living for farmers . As part of this objective , he promised to continue adapting and restructuring the Common Agricultural Policy . In July 2015 , Barrosos successor Jean-Claude Juncker named Cioloș as his special adviser on international food security . As Prime Minister . In November 2015 , Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned following protests sparked by a deadly nightclub fire , and President Klaus Iohannis appointed Cioloș as his successor . The latter proposed a technocratic cabinet composed of twenty-one members , a third of them women . The cabinet won approval from Parliament on a 389–115 vote : the main Social Democrats ( PSD ) and National Liberals ( PNL ) were both in favour , although a number of legislators from the former party defied the leadership to vote against the cabinet . Additionally , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ( ALDE ) was opposed . He considers his two main achievements while in office to have been an increase in transparency , including the online release of salaries and expenditures for public institutions and financing contracts ; and a reduction in bureaucracy that involved the elimination of numerous formalities . Ahead of the 2016 parliamentary election , Cioloș received the endorsement on behalf of the National Liberals ( PNL ) and of the Save Romania Union ( USR ) , in turn urging voters to back either party . When these parties lost the election , the prime minister expressed his regret ; the following month , he was succeeded by Sorin Grindeanu . Return to politics . In March 2018 , Cioloș announced the creation of a new political party , the Romania Together Movement . Because the legal registration of the new political party took too long , Cioloș announced on 15 December 2018 the existence of a new party , already registered by some anonymous collaborators , called the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( , PLUS ) , thus dropping the former political project . In January 2019 , at the first national convention of PLUS , Cioloș was elected president of the newly emerged political party with 99.17% of the votes . The following month , Cioloș announced the establishment of the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance between PLUS and the Dan Barna-led Save Romania Union ( USR ) . That May , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament . He subsequently became leader of the new Renew Europe political group , having secured support from En Marche , Ciudadanos and parties from Germany and the Netherlands . Personal life . In 2000 , Cioloș married Valérie Villemin , a French agriculture expert he met while studying in France . The ceremony took place in his grandparents village of Pericei . The couple have no children . He has a younger brother , Sorin . His father insisted on Dacian as a first name , while his French middle name comes from Julien Sorel , protagonist of The Red and the Black , a book that Cioloșs mother read while pregnant with him . Cioloș is a member of the Romanian Orthodox Church . External links . - Curriculum Vitae at the European Commission site |
[
"Agriculture Commissioner"
] | easy | Which position did Dacian Cioloș hold from Feb 2010 to Nov 2014? | /wiki/Dacian_Cioloș#P39#1 | Dacian Cioloș Dacian Julien Cioloș ( ; born 27 July 1969 ) is a Romanian agronomist who was Prime Minister of Romania between November 2015 and January 2017 . In the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet , he was Agriculture Minister from October 2007 to December 2008 . In November 2009 , European Commission President José Manuel Barroso nominated him to be the next Agriculture Commissioner , a post he assumed in February 2010 and held until his term expired in November 2014 . In November 2015 , President Klaus Iohannis named him Prime Minister , and Cioloș assumed office after receiving approval from Parliament . He remained until after the 2016 parliamentary election , which was lost by the parties that called for Cioloș to continue his term . Cioloș is the founder and current leader of the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( PLUS ) . In May 2019 , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament , subsequently becoming leader of the new Renew Europe political group . Biography . Background and government career . He was born in Zalău , but spent much of his childhood with his grandparents in nearby Pericei village , where he developed an interest in farming . After graduating from the agricultural high school in Șimleu Silvaniei in 1987 , he attended the Faculty of Horticulture at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca , earning a horticultural engineers degree in 1994 . He also holds degrees in the economy of agricultural development from the École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes and from the University of Montpellier 1 , where he respectively earned a masters in 1997 and a doctorate in 2006 . He has belonged to the agricultural think tank Groupe de Bruges since 2000 . Although in Romania Cioloș was a political independent , he was affiliated with the European Peoples Party ( EPP ) at the European level . From 1991 to 1996 , Cioloș completed thirteen months worth of internships on organic farms in the French region of Brittany . In the summer of 1995 , he prepared a rural development project between Savoie and Argeș County , while working at the Aveyron agricultural chamber of commerce in Rodez during 1997 , studying agricultural and rural development in the northern part of that department . In 1997 and 1999 , he interned as an agro-economist at the European Commissions Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development in Brussels , helping prepare the Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development ( SAPARD ) . In 1998–1999 , he directed a local rural development programme in Argeș County , again cooperating with Savoie . From 1999 to 2001 , he worked at two agricultural development agencies in France , coordinating joint programmes with Romania in that field . From 2002 to 2003 , as part of the European Commissions delegation to Romania , he helped manage SAPARDs implementation in his native country . From January 2005 to May 2007 , he was an adviser to Romanias Agriculture Minister , and a representative in the Council of the European Unions Special Committee on Agriculture . From May to October 2007 , he was undersecretary of state for European affairs at the ministry . Following the resignation of Decebal Traian Remeș due to a corruption scandal , he was appointed Agriculture Minister in October 2007 , serving until the following December , when Tăriceanus National Liberal Party-led government left office after a parliamentary election . Early in 2009 , he returned to work at the Agriculture and Rural Development DG , and that July , President Traian Băsescu named him to head a one-year commission looking at public agricultural development policies . Nomination and term as EU Commissioner for Agriculture . In October 2009 , the Emil Boc government , hoping to secure the Agriculture portfolio in the second Barroso Commission , nominated Cioloș as Romanias EU Commissioner . The proposal was criticised by the opposition National Liberals ( PNL ) and Social Democrats ( PSD ) , who saw it as a last-ditch maneuver by a government on the brink of collapse , as well as by the Party of European Socialists , who believed that the position ought to have gone to a Social Democrat . Bocs cabinet did indeed collapse the day after nominating Cioloș , when it lost a motion of no confidence . At the end of November , Barroso nominated Cioloș to the Agriculture position , observing that he was the most competent of those submitted for consideration , and lauding his modern vision of agriculture and rural development . The British magazine Farmers Weekly considered the nomination a controversial choice , citing recent mismanagement by Romania of EU funds , but also acknowledged his broad agricultural experience . England and Wales National Farmers Union as well as Scotlands NFU welcomed the appointment . Italian Minister of Agriculture Luca Zaia and French President Nicolas Sarkozy likewise congratulated Cioloș . German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur and British newspaper The Independent both criticised the nomination due to the funds mismanagement issue , with French daily Ouest-France alleging that the cause of British indignation was the perception that Cioloș would be akin to a second French EU Commissioner , given his close ties to that country . After winning approval from the European Parliament in February 2010 , Cioloș set forth his priority : maintaining a thriving agricultural sector in order to ensure food security , environmental preservation and protection of the countryside , help combat global warming and maintain a fair standard of living for farmers . As part of this objective , he promised to continue adapting and restructuring the Common Agricultural Policy . In July 2015 , Barrosos successor Jean-Claude Juncker named Cioloș as his special adviser on international food security . As Prime Minister . In November 2015 , Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned following protests sparked by a deadly nightclub fire , and President Klaus Iohannis appointed Cioloș as his successor . The latter proposed a technocratic cabinet composed of twenty-one members , a third of them women . The cabinet won approval from Parliament on a 389–115 vote : the main Social Democrats ( PSD ) and National Liberals ( PNL ) were both in favour , although a number of legislators from the former party defied the leadership to vote against the cabinet . Additionally , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ( ALDE ) was opposed . He considers his two main achievements while in office to have been an increase in transparency , including the online release of salaries and expenditures for public institutions and financing contracts ; and a reduction in bureaucracy that involved the elimination of numerous formalities . Ahead of the 2016 parliamentary election , Cioloș received the endorsement on behalf of the National Liberals ( PNL ) and of the Save Romania Union ( USR ) , in turn urging voters to back either party . When these parties lost the election , the prime minister expressed his regret ; the following month , he was succeeded by Sorin Grindeanu . Return to politics . In March 2018 , Cioloș announced the creation of a new political party , the Romania Together Movement . Because the legal registration of the new political party took too long , Cioloș announced on 15 December 2018 the existence of a new party , already registered by some anonymous collaborators , called the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( , PLUS ) , thus dropping the former political project . In January 2019 , at the first national convention of PLUS , Cioloș was elected president of the newly emerged political party with 99.17% of the votes . The following month , Cioloș announced the establishment of the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance between PLUS and the Dan Barna-led Save Romania Union ( USR ) . That May , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament . He subsequently became leader of the new Renew Europe political group , having secured support from En Marche , Ciudadanos and parties from Germany and the Netherlands . Personal life . In 2000 , Cioloș married Valérie Villemin , a French agriculture expert he met while studying in France . The ceremony took place in his grandparents village of Pericei . The couple have no children . He has a younger brother , Sorin . His father insisted on Dacian as a first name , while his French middle name comes from Julien Sorel , protagonist of The Red and the Black , a book that Cioloșs mother read while pregnant with him . Cioloș is a member of the Romanian Orthodox Church . External links . - Curriculum Vitae at the European Commission site |
[
"Prime Minister of Romania"
] | easy | Which position did Dacian Cioloș hold from Nov 2015 to 2017? | /wiki/Dacian_Cioloș#P39#2 | Dacian Cioloș Dacian Julien Cioloș ( ; born 27 July 1969 ) is a Romanian agronomist who was Prime Minister of Romania between November 2015 and January 2017 . In the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet , he was Agriculture Minister from October 2007 to December 2008 . In November 2009 , European Commission President José Manuel Barroso nominated him to be the next Agriculture Commissioner , a post he assumed in February 2010 and held until his term expired in November 2014 . In November 2015 , President Klaus Iohannis named him Prime Minister , and Cioloș assumed office after receiving approval from Parliament . He remained until after the 2016 parliamentary election , which was lost by the parties that called for Cioloș to continue his term . Cioloș is the founder and current leader of the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( PLUS ) . In May 2019 , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament , subsequently becoming leader of the new Renew Europe political group . Biography . Background and government career . He was born in Zalău , but spent much of his childhood with his grandparents in nearby Pericei village , where he developed an interest in farming . After graduating from the agricultural high school in Șimleu Silvaniei in 1987 , he attended the Faculty of Horticulture at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca , earning a horticultural engineers degree in 1994 . He also holds degrees in the economy of agricultural development from the École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes and from the University of Montpellier 1 , where he respectively earned a masters in 1997 and a doctorate in 2006 . He has belonged to the agricultural think tank Groupe de Bruges since 2000 . Although in Romania Cioloș was a political independent , he was affiliated with the European Peoples Party ( EPP ) at the European level . From 1991 to 1996 , Cioloș completed thirteen months worth of internships on organic farms in the French region of Brittany . In the summer of 1995 , he prepared a rural development project between Savoie and Argeș County , while working at the Aveyron agricultural chamber of commerce in Rodez during 1997 , studying agricultural and rural development in the northern part of that department . In 1997 and 1999 , he interned as an agro-economist at the European Commissions Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development in Brussels , helping prepare the Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development ( SAPARD ) . In 1998–1999 , he directed a local rural development programme in Argeș County , again cooperating with Savoie . From 1999 to 2001 , he worked at two agricultural development agencies in France , coordinating joint programmes with Romania in that field . From 2002 to 2003 , as part of the European Commissions delegation to Romania , he helped manage SAPARDs implementation in his native country . From January 2005 to May 2007 , he was an adviser to Romanias Agriculture Minister , and a representative in the Council of the European Unions Special Committee on Agriculture . From May to October 2007 , he was undersecretary of state for European affairs at the ministry . Following the resignation of Decebal Traian Remeș due to a corruption scandal , he was appointed Agriculture Minister in October 2007 , serving until the following December , when Tăriceanus National Liberal Party-led government left office after a parliamentary election . Early in 2009 , he returned to work at the Agriculture and Rural Development DG , and that July , President Traian Băsescu named him to head a one-year commission looking at public agricultural development policies . Nomination and term as EU Commissioner for Agriculture . In October 2009 , the Emil Boc government , hoping to secure the Agriculture portfolio in the second Barroso Commission , nominated Cioloș as Romanias EU Commissioner . The proposal was criticised by the opposition National Liberals ( PNL ) and Social Democrats ( PSD ) , who saw it as a last-ditch maneuver by a government on the brink of collapse , as well as by the Party of European Socialists , who believed that the position ought to have gone to a Social Democrat . Bocs cabinet did indeed collapse the day after nominating Cioloș , when it lost a motion of no confidence . At the end of November , Barroso nominated Cioloș to the Agriculture position , observing that he was the most competent of those submitted for consideration , and lauding his modern vision of agriculture and rural development . The British magazine Farmers Weekly considered the nomination a controversial choice , citing recent mismanagement by Romania of EU funds , but also acknowledged his broad agricultural experience . England and Wales National Farmers Union as well as Scotlands NFU welcomed the appointment . Italian Minister of Agriculture Luca Zaia and French President Nicolas Sarkozy likewise congratulated Cioloș . German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur and British newspaper The Independent both criticised the nomination due to the funds mismanagement issue , with French daily Ouest-France alleging that the cause of British indignation was the perception that Cioloș would be akin to a second French EU Commissioner , given his close ties to that country . After winning approval from the European Parliament in February 2010 , Cioloș set forth his priority : maintaining a thriving agricultural sector in order to ensure food security , environmental preservation and protection of the countryside , help combat global warming and maintain a fair standard of living for farmers . As part of this objective , he promised to continue adapting and restructuring the Common Agricultural Policy . In July 2015 , Barrosos successor Jean-Claude Juncker named Cioloș as his special adviser on international food security . As Prime Minister . In November 2015 , Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned following protests sparked by a deadly nightclub fire , and President Klaus Iohannis appointed Cioloș as his successor . The latter proposed a technocratic cabinet composed of twenty-one members , a third of them women . The cabinet won approval from Parliament on a 389–115 vote : the main Social Democrats ( PSD ) and National Liberals ( PNL ) were both in favour , although a number of legislators from the former party defied the leadership to vote against the cabinet . Additionally , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ( ALDE ) was opposed . He considers his two main achievements while in office to have been an increase in transparency , including the online release of salaries and expenditures for public institutions and financing contracts ; and a reduction in bureaucracy that involved the elimination of numerous formalities . Ahead of the 2016 parliamentary election , Cioloș received the endorsement on behalf of the National Liberals ( PNL ) and of the Save Romania Union ( USR ) , in turn urging voters to back either party . When these parties lost the election , the prime minister expressed his regret ; the following month , he was succeeded by Sorin Grindeanu . Return to politics . In March 2018 , Cioloș announced the creation of a new political party , the Romania Together Movement . Because the legal registration of the new political party took too long , Cioloș announced on 15 December 2018 the existence of a new party , already registered by some anonymous collaborators , called the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( , PLUS ) , thus dropping the former political project . In January 2019 , at the first national convention of PLUS , Cioloș was elected president of the newly emerged political party with 99.17% of the votes . The following month , Cioloș announced the establishment of the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance between PLUS and the Dan Barna-led Save Romania Union ( USR ) . That May , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament . He subsequently became leader of the new Renew Europe political group , having secured support from En Marche , Ciudadanos and parties from Germany and the Netherlands . Personal life . In 2000 , Cioloș married Valérie Villemin , a French agriculture expert he met while studying in France . The ceremony took place in his grandparents village of Pericei . The couple have no children . He has a younger brother , Sorin . His father insisted on Dacian as a first name , while his French middle name comes from Julien Sorel , protagonist of The Red and the Black , a book that Cioloșs mother read while pregnant with him . Cioloș is a member of the Romanian Orthodox Church . External links . - Curriculum Vitae at the European Commission site |
[
"Member of the European Parliament"
] | easy | Dacian Cioloș took which position from Jul 2019 to Jul 2020? | /wiki/Dacian_Cioloș#P39#3 | Dacian Cioloș Dacian Julien Cioloș ( ; born 27 July 1969 ) is a Romanian agronomist who was Prime Minister of Romania between November 2015 and January 2017 . In the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet , he was Agriculture Minister from October 2007 to December 2008 . In November 2009 , European Commission President José Manuel Barroso nominated him to be the next Agriculture Commissioner , a post he assumed in February 2010 and held until his term expired in November 2014 . In November 2015 , President Klaus Iohannis named him Prime Minister , and Cioloș assumed office after receiving approval from Parliament . He remained until after the 2016 parliamentary election , which was lost by the parties that called for Cioloș to continue his term . Cioloș is the founder and current leader of the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( PLUS ) . In May 2019 , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament , subsequently becoming leader of the new Renew Europe political group . Biography . Background and government career . He was born in Zalău , but spent much of his childhood with his grandparents in nearby Pericei village , where he developed an interest in farming . After graduating from the agricultural high school in Șimleu Silvaniei in 1987 , he attended the Faculty of Horticulture at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca , earning a horticultural engineers degree in 1994 . He also holds degrees in the economy of agricultural development from the École nationale supérieure agronomique de Rennes and from the University of Montpellier 1 , where he respectively earned a masters in 1997 and a doctorate in 2006 . He has belonged to the agricultural think tank Groupe de Bruges since 2000 . Although in Romania Cioloș was a political independent , he was affiliated with the European Peoples Party ( EPP ) at the European level . From 1991 to 1996 , Cioloș completed thirteen months worth of internships on organic farms in the French region of Brittany . In the summer of 1995 , he prepared a rural development project between Savoie and Argeș County , while working at the Aveyron agricultural chamber of commerce in Rodez during 1997 , studying agricultural and rural development in the northern part of that department . In 1997 and 1999 , he interned as an agro-economist at the European Commissions Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development in Brussels , helping prepare the Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development ( SAPARD ) . In 1998–1999 , he directed a local rural development programme in Argeș County , again cooperating with Savoie . From 1999 to 2001 , he worked at two agricultural development agencies in France , coordinating joint programmes with Romania in that field . From 2002 to 2003 , as part of the European Commissions delegation to Romania , he helped manage SAPARDs implementation in his native country . From January 2005 to May 2007 , he was an adviser to Romanias Agriculture Minister , and a representative in the Council of the European Unions Special Committee on Agriculture . From May to October 2007 , he was undersecretary of state for European affairs at the ministry . Following the resignation of Decebal Traian Remeș due to a corruption scandal , he was appointed Agriculture Minister in October 2007 , serving until the following December , when Tăriceanus National Liberal Party-led government left office after a parliamentary election . Early in 2009 , he returned to work at the Agriculture and Rural Development DG , and that July , President Traian Băsescu named him to head a one-year commission looking at public agricultural development policies . Nomination and term as EU Commissioner for Agriculture . In October 2009 , the Emil Boc government , hoping to secure the Agriculture portfolio in the second Barroso Commission , nominated Cioloș as Romanias EU Commissioner . The proposal was criticised by the opposition National Liberals ( PNL ) and Social Democrats ( PSD ) , who saw it as a last-ditch maneuver by a government on the brink of collapse , as well as by the Party of European Socialists , who believed that the position ought to have gone to a Social Democrat . Bocs cabinet did indeed collapse the day after nominating Cioloș , when it lost a motion of no confidence . At the end of November , Barroso nominated Cioloș to the Agriculture position , observing that he was the most competent of those submitted for consideration , and lauding his modern vision of agriculture and rural development . The British magazine Farmers Weekly considered the nomination a controversial choice , citing recent mismanagement by Romania of EU funds , but also acknowledged his broad agricultural experience . England and Wales National Farmers Union as well as Scotlands NFU welcomed the appointment . Italian Minister of Agriculture Luca Zaia and French President Nicolas Sarkozy likewise congratulated Cioloș . German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur and British newspaper The Independent both criticised the nomination due to the funds mismanagement issue , with French daily Ouest-France alleging that the cause of British indignation was the perception that Cioloș would be akin to a second French EU Commissioner , given his close ties to that country . After winning approval from the European Parliament in February 2010 , Cioloș set forth his priority : maintaining a thriving agricultural sector in order to ensure food security , environmental preservation and protection of the countryside , help combat global warming and maintain a fair standard of living for farmers . As part of this objective , he promised to continue adapting and restructuring the Common Agricultural Policy . In July 2015 , Barrosos successor Jean-Claude Juncker named Cioloș as his special adviser on international food security . As Prime Minister . In November 2015 , Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned following protests sparked by a deadly nightclub fire , and President Klaus Iohannis appointed Cioloș as his successor . The latter proposed a technocratic cabinet composed of twenty-one members , a third of them women . The cabinet won approval from Parliament on a 389–115 vote : the main Social Democrats ( PSD ) and National Liberals ( PNL ) were both in favour , although a number of legislators from the former party defied the leadership to vote against the cabinet . Additionally , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ( ALDE ) was opposed . He considers his two main achievements while in office to have been an increase in transparency , including the online release of salaries and expenditures for public institutions and financing contracts ; and a reduction in bureaucracy that involved the elimination of numerous formalities . Ahead of the 2016 parliamentary election , Cioloș received the endorsement on behalf of the National Liberals ( PNL ) and of the Save Romania Union ( USR ) , in turn urging voters to back either party . When these parties lost the election , the prime minister expressed his regret ; the following month , he was succeeded by Sorin Grindeanu . Return to politics . In March 2018 , Cioloș announced the creation of a new political party , the Romania Together Movement . Because the legal registration of the new political party took too long , Cioloș announced on 15 December 2018 the existence of a new party , already registered by some anonymous collaborators , called the Freedom , Unity and Solidarity Party ( , PLUS ) , thus dropping the former political project . In January 2019 , at the first national convention of PLUS , Cioloș was elected president of the newly emerged political party with 99.17% of the votes . The following month , Cioloș announced the establishment of the 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance between PLUS and the Dan Barna-led Save Romania Union ( USR ) . That May , he was elected a Member of the European Parliament . He subsequently became leader of the new Renew Europe political group , having secured support from En Marche , Ciudadanos and parties from Germany and the Netherlands . Personal life . In 2000 , Cioloș married Valérie Villemin , a French agriculture expert he met while studying in France . The ceremony took place in his grandparents village of Pericei . The couple have no children . He has a younger brother , Sorin . His father insisted on Dacian as a first name , while his French middle name comes from Julien Sorel , protagonist of The Red and the Black , a book that Cioloșs mother read while pregnant with him . Cioloș is a member of the Romanian Orthodox Church . External links . - Curriculum Vitae at the European Commission site |
[
"Cavalry School Corps"
] | easy | What was the official name of The Royal Canadian Dragoons from Dec 1883 to May 1892? | /wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons#P1448#0 | The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel E.A . Kerckhoff , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J . Leamon , CD . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12 Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment . Lineage . The Royal Canadian Dragoons . - Originated 21 December 1883 in Quebec City , Quebec as the Cavalry School Corps - Redesignated 14 May 1892 as the Canadian Dragoons - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps in Winnipeg , Manitoba ( lineage below ) : retaining its designation - Redesignated 24 May 1893 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 16 October 1946 as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC - Redesignated 2 March 1949 as the Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment ) - Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 12 January 1959 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps . - Originated 20 July 1885 in Winnipeg , Manitoba as the School of Mounted Infantry - Redesignated 7 August 1891 as the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Dragoons History . Formation . Formed on December 21 , 1883 as the Cavalry School Corps , The Royal Canadian Dragoons is the senior cavalry regiment in the Canadian Army and was Canadas first professional , full-time cavalry unit . It was originally organized as a troop ( the then-company-sized British Army cavalry maneuver sub-unit , today regarded as a squadron ) and was commanded by Captain ( Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ) J.F . Turnbull of Quebec Citys Queens Own Canadian Hussars . The first Regimental Sergeant-Major was Sergeant-Major George Baxter , recruited by Lt.-Col . Turnbull from the British Armys 4th Dragoon Guards at Aldershot along with two other British Army Sergeant-Instructors from the 7th Dragoon Guards and the 15th The Kings Hussars . The North-West Rebellion . The Cavalry School Corps mobilized A Troop on 10 April 1885 for active service during the North-West Rebellion . It served with the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force until it was removed from active service on 18 September 1885 . A Troop patrolled the Touchwood Hills in Saskatchewan to secure lines of communication and saw no active combat . South African War . The regiment was mobilized for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War as the 1st Battalion , Canadian Mounted Rifles , and composed of 19 officers and 371 men and their horses , organized into two squadrons . The battalion embarked for South Africa on 21 February 1900 , where it fought as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Mounted Infantry Corps and as part of Maj.-Gen . Smith-Dorriens column until its departure from the theatre of operations on 13 December 1900 . The nucleus of each squadron was provided by the experienced regular officers , non-commissioned officers and men from The Royal Canadian Dragoons . For this reason on 1 August 1900 , at the units own request , the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles were renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons . By 12 November 1900 the regiments strength was down to three officers and 83 other ranks . Two famous Dragoon casualties of South Africa were Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden , son of the then-Minister for Militia and Defence Frederick William Borden and Maj . A.L . Gat Howard , formerly the regiments Machine Gun Officer , who remained behind in South Africa to command Howards Canadian Scouts . Gat Howard and was captured and murdered while a prisoner . During the regiments service in South Africa every junior officer , except for one , was killed in action , died of disease or was wounded , the regiment marched more than 2700 kilometers ( 1700 miles ) and had been in action on 41 separate days . Three Dragoons were awarded the Victoria Cross for the gallant stand at Leliefontein on 7 November 1900 , a feat of arms never surpassed by Canadians . The Great War . The regiment was placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for instructional and camp administration duties . On 14 September 1914 the regiment mobilized The Royal Canadian Dragoons , CEF , which embarked for England on 3 October 1914 . On 5 May 1915 it disembarked in France , where it fought dismounted in an infantry role as part of Seelys Detachment ( really the Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) , 1st Canadian Division . On 24 January 1916 , it remounted and resumed its cavalry role as part of the 1st Canadian Cavalry Brigade with whom it continued to fight in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The overseas regiment disbanded on 6 November 1920 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were still horse cavalry and would remain so until the regiment finally dismounted in August , 1940 . On 24 May 1940 , the regimental headquarters and one squadron mobilized together with the headquarters and one squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) to form the short-lived 1st Canadian Motorcycle Regiment , CASF ( RCD/LSH ( RC ) ) . On 21 September 1940 , this regiment was redesignated as Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) CASF and the Dragoons returned to the regiment . The regiment subsequently mobilized as an armoured car regiment , The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( Armoured Car Regiment ) , CASF , on 21 September 1940 . It was initially earmarked to serve in the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1941 . The RCD landed in Sicily on 8 November 1943 and moved to mainland Italy on 5 January 1944 . There it fought as the armoured car regiment for I Canadian Corps until being transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as the divisional armoured car regiment on 14 July 1944 . Due to the mountainous terrain of Italy , the regiment fought much of its time there in a dismounted role as infantry . In March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of OPERATION GOLDFLAKE , and the regiment resumed its role as the I Canadian Corps armoured car regiment . The regiment was heavily engaged in operations in the Netherlands and Germany until the end of the war . The RCD was the first Allied unit to advance through Holland to the North Sea , famously liberated the city of Leeuwarden and fought off an attempted German amphibious assault . The fighting was so intense and chaotic that two of the squadron sergeants-major , WOII Deeming and WOII Forgrave , were separately awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal ( second in precedence to the Victoria Cross ) for dismounting the members of their supply convoys and fighting through enemy infantry positions to get fuel , ammunition , water and rations forward to their squadrons . On 1 September 1945 a second Active Force component of the regiment mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations designated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Car Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF . It was redesignated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 15 November 1945 ; and as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 1 March 1946 . On 27 June 1946 the regiment was embodied in the Permanent Force . Korea . D Squadron , equipped with M4A3E8 Sherman tanks rented from the U.S . Army , served in Korea following the armistice in 1954 . Lieut Frank Sidney Stilwell died in a vehicle accident while deployed to Korea on 25 January 1954 . “Dog Squadron” , so-called because Dog was the word for the letter D in the old phonetic alphabet , were the last Canadians to operationally employ Sherman tanks . The UN and NATO . The Royal Canadian Dragoons , along with Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , contributed troops to 56 Reconnaissance Squadron for duty with the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF ) from March 1957 to January 1959 , equipped with Ferret scout cars . The Officer Commanding , Maj . R . Barry Tackaberry , the Second-in-Command , Capt . J.A . Beament , the 2nd Troop Leader , Lt J.G.H . Ferguson , and the 4th Troop Leader , Lt J.B . Long , as well as half of the NCOs and soldiers , were Dragoons . Other squadrons of the regiment served there and in Cyprus . Two members of 56 Recce Squadron died : Lt Charles C . Van Straubenzee on 10 May 1957 and Tpr George E . McDavid on 29 November 1957 . The regiment contributed several other recce squadrons to UNEF until its demise in 1967 . Tpr Ronald H . Allan was killed by Egyptian machine gun fire on 28 November 1959 . The regiment was part of the initial deployment to Cyprus as part of OPERATION SNOW GOOSE , Canadas long contribution to UNFICYP , and conducted other squadron-sized tours as well as a regimental deployment from March to September 1989 . Tpr . Joseph H . Fess Campbell died in Cyprus on 31 July 1964 . The regiment served at Fort Beausejour , Iserlohn , Germany from November 1957 - November 1959 The regiment served at CFB Lahr , West Germany , as part of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1970 to 1987 equipped with Centurion , rented German Leopard 1 and Leopard C1 tanks and Lynx tracked reconnaissance vehicles . During this time , the Canadian Army ceased conducting regimental rotations to 4 CMBG , going instead to a man-for-man individual rotation system . During the 1990s , the regiment conducted deployments to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the UN as part of UNPROFOR , and with NATO as part of IFOR , SFOR and in Kosovo with KFOR . Cpl James Ogilvie died in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 30 August 1998 . Afghanistan . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed both reconnaissance and tank crews to the Canadian task forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014 . The following Dragoons fell in Afghanistan : - Sgt Craig Paul Gillam , 3 October 2006 - Cpl Robert Thomas Mitchell , 3 October 2006 - Tpr Mark Andrew Wilson , 7 October 2006 - MCpl Allan Stewart , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Patrick James Pentland , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Darryl Caswell , 11 June 2007 - Maj Raymond Ruckpaul , 22 August 2007 - Tpr Brian Richard Good , 7 January 2009 - Tpr Marc Diab , 8 March 2009 - Tpr Jack Bouthillier , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Corey Joseph Hayes , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Larry John Zuidemer Rudd , 24 May 2010 Ukraine . Operation Unifier , also known as Canadian Armed Forces Joint Task Force-Ukraine , is Canadas military mission to provide assistance to the training and professionalization of the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed officers and soldiers to Rotation 4 , and are currently leading and contributing a significant component of Rotation 5 . Recognition . On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued The Royal Winnipeg Rifles , The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces , Regiments , 1883–1983 series . The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles , based on a painting by William Southern . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company , Limited . The springbok cap badge . The cap badge of The Royal Canadian Dragoons since 1913 features a springbok in recognition of the regiments service in South Africa . In the Second Boer War ( 1899–1902 ) during the advance to Pretoria , the RCD set up camp in a field . Regimental legend has it that one of the sentries noticed that some springbok were behaving erratically , and alerted the officers , who ordered a stand-to . This resulted in the defeat of Boer forces that had been trying to sneak up through the fields to attack the Canadian force . However , there is no documentary evidence of this incident . The Commanding Officer at that time , Lt.-Col . Louis Lessard , makes no mention of it in his personal papers or his official reports . The commander of the RCD then put a request to King Edward VII , the reigning monarch , to officially have their cap badge changed to the springbok , which was finally accepted in 1913 . Battle honours . In the list below , battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns , while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles . Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon . Victoria Crosses . During the Second Boer War on November 7 , 1900 , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were engaged in the Action at Leliefontein . The regiment , operating in concert with the two 12 Pounder guns of the Left Section of D Battery , Royal Canadian Artillery , was acting as the rear guard for Maj.-Gen . Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens column as it withdrew from the Komati River basin . The Boers had recently captured a quantity of British artillery ammunition and aggressively pressed the rear guard in an attempt to capture the two D Battery guns , even conducting a very rare mounted charge . In the end , the guns and the column were saved . Three Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of The Royal Canadian Dragoons for their actions during the course of the day : - Lieutenant H.Z.C . Cockburn - Lieutenant R.E.W . Turner - Sergeant E.J.G . Holland Regimental alliances . - – The Blues and Royals ( Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons ) - – 3rd Squadron , 71st Cavalry Regiment ( Light Horse ) ( Bond of Friendship ) |
[
"Canadian Dragoons"
] | easy | What was the official name of The Royal Canadian Dragoons from May 1892 to May 1893? | /wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons#P1448#1 | The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel E.A . Kerckhoff , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J . Leamon , CD . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12 Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment . Lineage . The Royal Canadian Dragoons . - Originated 21 December 1883 in Quebec City , Quebec as the Cavalry School Corps - Redesignated 14 May 1892 as the Canadian Dragoons - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps in Winnipeg , Manitoba ( lineage below ) : retaining its designation - Redesignated 24 May 1893 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 16 October 1946 as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC - Redesignated 2 March 1949 as the Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment ) - Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 12 January 1959 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps . - Originated 20 July 1885 in Winnipeg , Manitoba as the School of Mounted Infantry - Redesignated 7 August 1891 as the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Dragoons History . Formation . Formed on December 21 , 1883 as the Cavalry School Corps , The Royal Canadian Dragoons is the senior cavalry regiment in the Canadian Army and was Canadas first professional , full-time cavalry unit . It was originally organized as a troop ( the then-company-sized British Army cavalry maneuver sub-unit , today regarded as a squadron ) and was commanded by Captain ( Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ) J.F . Turnbull of Quebec Citys Queens Own Canadian Hussars . The first Regimental Sergeant-Major was Sergeant-Major George Baxter , recruited by Lt.-Col . Turnbull from the British Armys 4th Dragoon Guards at Aldershot along with two other British Army Sergeant-Instructors from the 7th Dragoon Guards and the 15th The Kings Hussars . The North-West Rebellion . The Cavalry School Corps mobilized A Troop on 10 April 1885 for active service during the North-West Rebellion . It served with the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force until it was removed from active service on 18 September 1885 . A Troop patrolled the Touchwood Hills in Saskatchewan to secure lines of communication and saw no active combat . South African War . The regiment was mobilized for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War as the 1st Battalion , Canadian Mounted Rifles , and composed of 19 officers and 371 men and their horses , organized into two squadrons . The battalion embarked for South Africa on 21 February 1900 , where it fought as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Mounted Infantry Corps and as part of Maj.-Gen . Smith-Dorriens column until its departure from the theatre of operations on 13 December 1900 . The nucleus of each squadron was provided by the experienced regular officers , non-commissioned officers and men from The Royal Canadian Dragoons . For this reason on 1 August 1900 , at the units own request , the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles were renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons . By 12 November 1900 the regiments strength was down to three officers and 83 other ranks . Two famous Dragoon casualties of South Africa were Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden , son of the then-Minister for Militia and Defence Frederick William Borden and Maj . A.L . Gat Howard , formerly the regiments Machine Gun Officer , who remained behind in South Africa to command Howards Canadian Scouts . Gat Howard and was captured and murdered while a prisoner . During the regiments service in South Africa every junior officer , except for one , was killed in action , died of disease or was wounded , the regiment marched more than 2700 kilometers ( 1700 miles ) and had been in action on 41 separate days . Three Dragoons were awarded the Victoria Cross for the gallant stand at Leliefontein on 7 November 1900 , a feat of arms never surpassed by Canadians . The Great War . The regiment was placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for instructional and camp administration duties . On 14 September 1914 the regiment mobilized The Royal Canadian Dragoons , CEF , which embarked for England on 3 October 1914 . On 5 May 1915 it disembarked in France , where it fought dismounted in an infantry role as part of Seelys Detachment ( really the Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) , 1st Canadian Division . On 24 January 1916 , it remounted and resumed its cavalry role as part of the 1st Canadian Cavalry Brigade with whom it continued to fight in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The overseas regiment disbanded on 6 November 1920 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were still horse cavalry and would remain so until the regiment finally dismounted in August , 1940 . On 24 May 1940 , the regimental headquarters and one squadron mobilized together with the headquarters and one squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) to form the short-lived 1st Canadian Motorcycle Regiment , CASF ( RCD/LSH ( RC ) ) . On 21 September 1940 , this regiment was redesignated as Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) CASF and the Dragoons returned to the regiment . The regiment subsequently mobilized as an armoured car regiment , The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( Armoured Car Regiment ) , CASF , on 21 September 1940 . It was initially earmarked to serve in the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1941 . The RCD landed in Sicily on 8 November 1943 and moved to mainland Italy on 5 January 1944 . There it fought as the armoured car regiment for I Canadian Corps until being transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as the divisional armoured car regiment on 14 July 1944 . Due to the mountainous terrain of Italy , the regiment fought much of its time there in a dismounted role as infantry . In March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of OPERATION GOLDFLAKE , and the regiment resumed its role as the I Canadian Corps armoured car regiment . The regiment was heavily engaged in operations in the Netherlands and Germany until the end of the war . The RCD was the first Allied unit to advance through Holland to the North Sea , famously liberated the city of Leeuwarden and fought off an attempted German amphibious assault . The fighting was so intense and chaotic that two of the squadron sergeants-major , WOII Deeming and WOII Forgrave , were separately awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal ( second in precedence to the Victoria Cross ) for dismounting the members of their supply convoys and fighting through enemy infantry positions to get fuel , ammunition , water and rations forward to their squadrons . On 1 September 1945 a second Active Force component of the regiment mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations designated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Car Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF . It was redesignated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 15 November 1945 ; and as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 1 March 1946 . On 27 June 1946 the regiment was embodied in the Permanent Force . Korea . D Squadron , equipped with M4A3E8 Sherman tanks rented from the U.S . Army , served in Korea following the armistice in 1954 . Lieut Frank Sidney Stilwell died in a vehicle accident while deployed to Korea on 25 January 1954 . “Dog Squadron” , so-called because Dog was the word for the letter D in the old phonetic alphabet , were the last Canadians to operationally employ Sherman tanks . The UN and NATO . The Royal Canadian Dragoons , along with Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , contributed troops to 56 Reconnaissance Squadron for duty with the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF ) from March 1957 to January 1959 , equipped with Ferret scout cars . The Officer Commanding , Maj . R . Barry Tackaberry , the Second-in-Command , Capt . J.A . Beament , the 2nd Troop Leader , Lt J.G.H . Ferguson , and the 4th Troop Leader , Lt J.B . Long , as well as half of the NCOs and soldiers , were Dragoons . Other squadrons of the regiment served there and in Cyprus . Two members of 56 Recce Squadron died : Lt Charles C . Van Straubenzee on 10 May 1957 and Tpr George E . McDavid on 29 November 1957 . The regiment contributed several other recce squadrons to UNEF until its demise in 1967 . Tpr Ronald H . Allan was killed by Egyptian machine gun fire on 28 November 1959 . The regiment was part of the initial deployment to Cyprus as part of OPERATION SNOW GOOSE , Canadas long contribution to UNFICYP , and conducted other squadron-sized tours as well as a regimental deployment from March to September 1989 . Tpr . Joseph H . Fess Campbell died in Cyprus on 31 July 1964 . The regiment served at Fort Beausejour , Iserlohn , Germany from November 1957 - November 1959 The regiment served at CFB Lahr , West Germany , as part of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1970 to 1987 equipped with Centurion , rented German Leopard 1 and Leopard C1 tanks and Lynx tracked reconnaissance vehicles . During this time , the Canadian Army ceased conducting regimental rotations to 4 CMBG , going instead to a man-for-man individual rotation system . During the 1990s , the regiment conducted deployments to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the UN as part of UNPROFOR , and with NATO as part of IFOR , SFOR and in Kosovo with KFOR . Cpl James Ogilvie died in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 30 August 1998 . Afghanistan . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed both reconnaissance and tank crews to the Canadian task forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014 . The following Dragoons fell in Afghanistan : - Sgt Craig Paul Gillam , 3 October 2006 - Cpl Robert Thomas Mitchell , 3 October 2006 - Tpr Mark Andrew Wilson , 7 October 2006 - MCpl Allan Stewart , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Patrick James Pentland , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Darryl Caswell , 11 June 2007 - Maj Raymond Ruckpaul , 22 August 2007 - Tpr Brian Richard Good , 7 January 2009 - Tpr Marc Diab , 8 March 2009 - Tpr Jack Bouthillier , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Corey Joseph Hayes , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Larry John Zuidemer Rudd , 24 May 2010 Ukraine . Operation Unifier , also known as Canadian Armed Forces Joint Task Force-Ukraine , is Canadas military mission to provide assistance to the training and professionalization of the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed officers and soldiers to Rotation 4 , and are currently leading and contributing a significant component of Rotation 5 . Recognition . On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued The Royal Winnipeg Rifles , The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces , Regiments , 1883–1983 series . The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles , based on a painting by William Southern . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company , Limited . The springbok cap badge . The cap badge of The Royal Canadian Dragoons since 1913 features a springbok in recognition of the regiments service in South Africa . In the Second Boer War ( 1899–1902 ) during the advance to Pretoria , the RCD set up camp in a field . Regimental legend has it that one of the sentries noticed that some springbok were behaving erratically , and alerted the officers , who ordered a stand-to . This resulted in the defeat of Boer forces that had been trying to sneak up through the fields to attack the Canadian force . However , there is no documentary evidence of this incident . The Commanding Officer at that time , Lt.-Col . Louis Lessard , makes no mention of it in his personal papers or his official reports . The commander of the RCD then put a request to King Edward VII , the reigning monarch , to officially have their cap badge changed to the springbok , which was finally accepted in 1913 . Battle honours . In the list below , battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns , while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles . Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon . Victoria Crosses . During the Second Boer War on November 7 , 1900 , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were engaged in the Action at Leliefontein . The regiment , operating in concert with the two 12 Pounder guns of the Left Section of D Battery , Royal Canadian Artillery , was acting as the rear guard for Maj.-Gen . Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens column as it withdrew from the Komati River basin . The Boers had recently captured a quantity of British artillery ammunition and aggressively pressed the rear guard in an attempt to capture the two D Battery guns , even conducting a very rare mounted charge . In the end , the guns and the column were saved . Three Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of The Royal Canadian Dragoons for their actions during the course of the day : - Lieutenant H.Z.C . Cockburn - Lieutenant R.E.W . Turner - Sergeant E.J.G . Holland Regimental alliances . - – The Blues and Royals ( Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons ) - – 3rd Squadron , 71st Cavalry Regiment ( Light Horse ) ( Bond of Friendship ) |
[
"The Royal Canadian Dragoons"
] | easy | What was the official name of The Royal Canadian Dragoons from May 1893 to Oct 1946? | /wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons#P1448#2 | The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel E.A . Kerckhoff , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J . Leamon , CD . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12 Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment . Lineage . The Royal Canadian Dragoons . - Originated 21 December 1883 in Quebec City , Quebec as the Cavalry School Corps - Redesignated 14 May 1892 as the Canadian Dragoons - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps in Winnipeg , Manitoba ( lineage below ) : retaining its designation - Redesignated 24 May 1893 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 16 October 1946 as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC - Redesignated 2 March 1949 as the Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment ) - Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 12 January 1959 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps . - Originated 20 July 1885 in Winnipeg , Manitoba as the School of Mounted Infantry - Redesignated 7 August 1891 as the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Dragoons History . Formation . Formed on December 21 , 1883 as the Cavalry School Corps , The Royal Canadian Dragoons is the senior cavalry regiment in the Canadian Army and was Canadas first professional , full-time cavalry unit . It was originally organized as a troop ( the then-company-sized British Army cavalry maneuver sub-unit , today regarded as a squadron ) and was commanded by Captain ( Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ) J.F . Turnbull of Quebec Citys Queens Own Canadian Hussars . The first Regimental Sergeant-Major was Sergeant-Major George Baxter , recruited by Lt.-Col . Turnbull from the British Armys 4th Dragoon Guards at Aldershot along with two other British Army Sergeant-Instructors from the 7th Dragoon Guards and the 15th The Kings Hussars . The North-West Rebellion . The Cavalry School Corps mobilized A Troop on 10 April 1885 for active service during the North-West Rebellion . It served with the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force until it was removed from active service on 18 September 1885 . A Troop patrolled the Touchwood Hills in Saskatchewan to secure lines of communication and saw no active combat . South African War . The regiment was mobilized for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War as the 1st Battalion , Canadian Mounted Rifles , and composed of 19 officers and 371 men and their horses , organized into two squadrons . The battalion embarked for South Africa on 21 February 1900 , where it fought as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Mounted Infantry Corps and as part of Maj.-Gen . Smith-Dorriens column until its departure from the theatre of operations on 13 December 1900 . The nucleus of each squadron was provided by the experienced regular officers , non-commissioned officers and men from The Royal Canadian Dragoons . For this reason on 1 August 1900 , at the units own request , the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles were renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons . By 12 November 1900 the regiments strength was down to three officers and 83 other ranks . Two famous Dragoon casualties of South Africa were Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden , son of the then-Minister for Militia and Defence Frederick William Borden and Maj . A.L . Gat Howard , formerly the regiments Machine Gun Officer , who remained behind in South Africa to command Howards Canadian Scouts . Gat Howard and was captured and murdered while a prisoner . During the regiments service in South Africa every junior officer , except for one , was killed in action , died of disease or was wounded , the regiment marched more than 2700 kilometers ( 1700 miles ) and had been in action on 41 separate days . Three Dragoons were awarded the Victoria Cross for the gallant stand at Leliefontein on 7 November 1900 , a feat of arms never surpassed by Canadians . The Great War . The regiment was placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for instructional and camp administration duties . On 14 September 1914 the regiment mobilized The Royal Canadian Dragoons , CEF , which embarked for England on 3 October 1914 . On 5 May 1915 it disembarked in France , where it fought dismounted in an infantry role as part of Seelys Detachment ( really the Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) , 1st Canadian Division . On 24 January 1916 , it remounted and resumed its cavalry role as part of the 1st Canadian Cavalry Brigade with whom it continued to fight in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The overseas regiment disbanded on 6 November 1920 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were still horse cavalry and would remain so until the regiment finally dismounted in August , 1940 . On 24 May 1940 , the regimental headquarters and one squadron mobilized together with the headquarters and one squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) to form the short-lived 1st Canadian Motorcycle Regiment , CASF ( RCD/LSH ( RC ) ) . On 21 September 1940 , this regiment was redesignated as Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) CASF and the Dragoons returned to the regiment . The regiment subsequently mobilized as an armoured car regiment , The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( Armoured Car Regiment ) , CASF , on 21 September 1940 . It was initially earmarked to serve in the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1941 . The RCD landed in Sicily on 8 November 1943 and moved to mainland Italy on 5 January 1944 . There it fought as the armoured car regiment for I Canadian Corps until being transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as the divisional armoured car regiment on 14 July 1944 . Due to the mountainous terrain of Italy , the regiment fought much of its time there in a dismounted role as infantry . In March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of OPERATION GOLDFLAKE , and the regiment resumed its role as the I Canadian Corps armoured car regiment . The regiment was heavily engaged in operations in the Netherlands and Germany until the end of the war . The RCD was the first Allied unit to advance through Holland to the North Sea , famously liberated the city of Leeuwarden and fought off an attempted German amphibious assault . The fighting was so intense and chaotic that two of the squadron sergeants-major , WOII Deeming and WOII Forgrave , were separately awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal ( second in precedence to the Victoria Cross ) for dismounting the members of their supply convoys and fighting through enemy infantry positions to get fuel , ammunition , water and rations forward to their squadrons . On 1 September 1945 a second Active Force component of the regiment mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations designated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Car Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF . It was redesignated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 15 November 1945 ; and as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 1 March 1946 . On 27 June 1946 the regiment was embodied in the Permanent Force . Korea . D Squadron , equipped with M4A3E8 Sherman tanks rented from the U.S . Army , served in Korea following the armistice in 1954 . Lieut Frank Sidney Stilwell died in a vehicle accident while deployed to Korea on 25 January 1954 . “Dog Squadron” , so-called because Dog was the word for the letter D in the old phonetic alphabet , were the last Canadians to operationally employ Sherman tanks . The UN and NATO . The Royal Canadian Dragoons , along with Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , contributed troops to 56 Reconnaissance Squadron for duty with the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF ) from March 1957 to January 1959 , equipped with Ferret scout cars . The Officer Commanding , Maj . R . Barry Tackaberry , the Second-in-Command , Capt . J.A . Beament , the 2nd Troop Leader , Lt J.G.H . Ferguson , and the 4th Troop Leader , Lt J.B . Long , as well as half of the NCOs and soldiers , were Dragoons . Other squadrons of the regiment served there and in Cyprus . Two members of 56 Recce Squadron died : Lt Charles C . Van Straubenzee on 10 May 1957 and Tpr George E . McDavid on 29 November 1957 . The regiment contributed several other recce squadrons to UNEF until its demise in 1967 . Tpr Ronald H . Allan was killed by Egyptian machine gun fire on 28 November 1959 . The regiment was part of the initial deployment to Cyprus as part of OPERATION SNOW GOOSE , Canadas long contribution to UNFICYP , and conducted other squadron-sized tours as well as a regimental deployment from March to September 1989 . Tpr . Joseph H . Fess Campbell died in Cyprus on 31 July 1964 . The regiment served at Fort Beausejour , Iserlohn , Germany from November 1957 - November 1959 The regiment served at CFB Lahr , West Germany , as part of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1970 to 1987 equipped with Centurion , rented German Leopard 1 and Leopard C1 tanks and Lynx tracked reconnaissance vehicles . During this time , the Canadian Army ceased conducting regimental rotations to 4 CMBG , going instead to a man-for-man individual rotation system . During the 1990s , the regiment conducted deployments to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the UN as part of UNPROFOR , and with NATO as part of IFOR , SFOR and in Kosovo with KFOR . Cpl James Ogilvie died in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 30 August 1998 . Afghanistan . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed both reconnaissance and tank crews to the Canadian task forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014 . The following Dragoons fell in Afghanistan : - Sgt Craig Paul Gillam , 3 October 2006 - Cpl Robert Thomas Mitchell , 3 October 2006 - Tpr Mark Andrew Wilson , 7 October 2006 - MCpl Allan Stewart , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Patrick James Pentland , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Darryl Caswell , 11 June 2007 - Maj Raymond Ruckpaul , 22 August 2007 - Tpr Brian Richard Good , 7 January 2009 - Tpr Marc Diab , 8 March 2009 - Tpr Jack Bouthillier , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Corey Joseph Hayes , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Larry John Zuidemer Rudd , 24 May 2010 Ukraine . Operation Unifier , also known as Canadian Armed Forces Joint Task Force-Ukraine , is Canadas military mission to provide assistance to the training and professionalization of the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed officers and soldiers to Rotation 4 , and are currently leading and contributing a significant component of Rotation 5 . Recognition . On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued The Royal Winnipeg Rifles , The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces , Regiments , 1883–1983 series . The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles , based on a painting by William Southern . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company , Limited . The springbok cap badge . The cap badge of The Royal Canadian Dragoons since 1913 features a springbok in recognition of the regiments service in South Africa . In the Second Boer War ( 1899–1902 ) during the advance to Pretoria , the RCD set up camp in a field . Regimental legend has it that one of the sentries noticed that some springbok were behaving erratically , and alerted the officers , who ordered a stand-to . This resulted in the defeat of Boer forces that had been trying to sneak up through the fields to attack the Canadian force . However , there is no documentary evidence of this incident . The Commanding Officer at that time , Lt.-Col . Louis Lessard , makes no mention of it in his personal papers or his official reports . The commander of the RCD then put a request to King Edward VII , the reigning monarch , to officially have their cap badge changed to the springbok , which was finally accepted in 1913 . Battle honours . In the list below , battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns , while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles . Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon . Victoria Crosses . During the Second Boer War on November 7 , 1900 , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were engaged in the Action at Leliefontein . The regiment , operating in concert with the two 12 Pounder guns of the Left Section of D Battery , Royal Canadian Artillery , was acting as the rear guard for Maj.-Gen . Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens column as it withdrew from the Komati River basin . The Boers had recently captured a quantity of British artillery ammunition and aggressively pressed the rear guard in an attempt to capture the two D Battery guns , even conducting a very rare mounted charge . In the end , the guns and the column were saved . Three Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of The Royal Canadian Dragoons for their actions during the course of the day : - Lieutenant H.Z.C . Cockburn - Lieutenant R.E.W . Turner - Sergeant E.J.G . Holland Regimental alliances . - – The Blues and Royals ( Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons ) - – 3rd Squadron , 71st Cavalry Regiment ( Light Horse ) ( Bond of Friendship ) |
[
"1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons )"
] | easy | What was the official name of The Royal Canadian Dragoons from Oct 1946 to Mar 1949? | /wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons#P1448#3 | The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel E.A . Kerckhoff , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J . Leamon , CD . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12 Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment . Lineage . The Royal Canadian Dragoons . - Originated 21 December 1883 in Quebec City , Quebec as the Cavalry School Corps - Redesignated 14 May 1892 as the Canadian Dragoons - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps in Winnipeg , Manitoba ( lineage below ) : retaining its designation - Redesignated 24 May 1893 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 16 October 1946 as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC - Redesignated 2 March 1949 as the Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment ) - Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 12 January 1959 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps . - Originated 20 July 1885 in Winnipeg , Manitoba as the School of Mounted Infantry - Redesignated 7 August 1891 as the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Dragoons History . Formation . Formed on December 21 , 1883 as the Cavalry School Corps , The Royal Canadian Dragoons is the senior cavalry regiment in the Canadian Army and was Canadas first professional , full-time cavalry unit . It was originally organized as a troop ( the then-company-sized British Army cavalry maneuver sub-unit , today regarded as a squadron ) and was commanded by Captain ( Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ) J.F . Turnbull of Quebec Citys Queens Own Canadian Hussars . The first Regimental Sergeant-Major was Sergeant-Major George Baxter , recruited by Lt.-Col . Turnbull from the British Armys 4th Dragoon Guards at Aldershot along with two other British Army Sergeant-Instructors from the 7th Dragoon Guards and the 15th The Kings Hussars . The North-West Rebellion . The Cavalry School Corps mobilized A Troop on 10 April 1885 for active service during the North-West Rebellion . It served with the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force until it was removed from active service on 18 September 1885 . A Troop patrolled the Touchwood Hills in Saskatchewan to secure lines of communication and saw no active combat . South African War . The regiment was mobilized for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War as the 1st Battalion , Canadian Mounted Rifles , and composed of 19 officers and 371 men and their horses , organized into two squadrons . The battalion embarked for South Africa on 21 February 1900 , where it fought as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Mounted Infantry Corps and as part of Maj.-Gen . Smith-Dorriens column until its departure from the theatre of operations on 13 December 1900 . The nucleus of each squadron was provided by the experienced regular officers , non-commissioned officers and men from The Royal Canadian Dragoons . For this reason on 1 August 1900 , at the units own request , the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles were renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons . By 12 November 1900 the regiments strength was down to three officers and 83 other ranks . Two famous Dragoon casualties of South Africa were Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden , son of the then-Minister for Militia and Defence Frederick William Borden and Maj . A.L . Gat Howard , formerly the regiments Machine Gun Officer , who remained behind in South Africa to command Howards Canadian Scouts . Gat Howard and was captured and murdered while a prisoner . During the regiments service in South Africa every junior officer , except for one , was killed in action , died of disease or was wounded , the regiment marched more than 2700 kilometers ( 1700 miles ) and had been in action on 41 separate days . Three Dragoons were awarded the Victoria Cross for the gallant stand at Leliefontein on 7 November 1900 , a feat of arms never surpassed by Canadians . The Great War . The regiment was placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for instructional and camp administration duties . On 14 September 1914 the regiment mobilized The Royal Canadian Dragoons , CEF , which embarked for England on 3 October 1914 . On 5 May 1915 it disembarked in France , where it fought dismounted in an infantry role as part of Seelys Detachment ( really the Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) , 1st Canadian Division . On 24 January 1916 , it remounted and resumed its cavalry role as part of the 1st Canadian Cavalry Brigade with whom it continued to fight in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The overseas regiment disbanded on 6 November 1920 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were still horse cavalry and would remain so until the regiment finally dismounted in August , 1940 . On 24 May 1940 , the regimental headquarters and one squadron mobilized together with the headquarters and one squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) to form the short-lived 1st Canadian Motorcycle Regiment , CASF ( RCD/LSH ( RC ) ) . On 21 September 1940 , this regiment was redesignated as Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) CASF and the Dragoons returned to the regiment . The regiment subsequently mobilized as an armoured car regiment , The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( Armoured Car Regiment ) , CASF , on 21 September 1940 . It was initially earmarked to serve in the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1941 . The RCD landed in Sicily on 8 November 1943 and moved to mainland Italy on 5 January 1944 . There it fought as the armoured car regiment for I Canadian Corps until being transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as the divisional armoured car regiment on 14 July 1944 . Due to the mountainous terrain of Italy , the regiment fought much of its time there in a dismounted role as infantry . In March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of OPERATION GOLDFLAKE , and the regiment resumed its role as the I Canadian Corps armoured car regiment . The regiment was heavily engaged in operations in the Netherlands and Germany until the end of the war . The RCD was the first Allied unit to advance through Holland to the North Sea , famously liberated the city of Leeuwarden and fought off an attempted German amphibious assault . The fighting was so intense and chaotic that two of the squadron sergeants-major , WOII Deeming and WOII Forgrave , were separately awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal ( second in precedence to the Victoria Cross ) for dismounting the members of their supply convoys and fighting through enemy infantry positions to get fuel , ammunition , water and rations forward to their squadrons . On 1 September 1945 a second Active Force component of the regiment mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations designated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Car Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF . It was redesignated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 15 November 1945 ; and as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 1 March 1946 . On 27 June 1946 the regiment was embodied in the Permanent Force . Korea . D Squadron , equipped with M4A3E8 Sherman tanks rented from the U.S . Army , served in Korea following the armistice in 1954 . Lieut Frank Sidney Stilwell died in a vehicle accident while deployed to Korea on 25 January 1954 . “Dog Squadron” , so-called because Dog was the word for the letter D in the old phonetic alphabet , were the last Canadians to operationally employ Sherman tanks . The UN and NATO . The Royal Canadian Dragoons , along with Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , contributed troops to 56 Reconnaissance Squadron for duty with the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF ) from March 1957 to January 1959 , equipped with Ferret scout cars . The Officer Commanding , Maj . R . Barry Tackaberry , the Second-in-Command , Capt . J.A . Beament , the 2nd Troop Leader , Lt J.G.H . Ferguson , and the 4th Troop Leader , Lt J.B . Long , as well as half of the NCOs and soldiers , were Dragoons . Other squadrons of the regiment served there and in Cyprus . Two members of 56 Recce Squadron died : Lt Charles C . Van Straubenzee on 10 May 1957 and Tpr George E . McDavid on 29 November 1957 . The regiment contributed several other recce squadrons to UNEF until its demise in 1967 . Tpr Ronald H . Allan was killed by Egyptian machine gun fire on 28 November 1959 . The regiment was part of the initial deployment to Cyprus as part of OPERATION SNOW GOOSE , Canadas long contribution to UNFICYP , and conducted other squadron-sized tours as well as a regimental deployment from March to September 1989 . Tpr . Joseph H . Fess Campbell died in Cyprus on 31 July 1964 . The regiment served at Fort Beausejour , Iserlohn , Germany from November 1957 - November 1959 The regiment served at CFB Lahr , West Germany , as part of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1970 to 1987 equipped with Centurion , rented German Leopard 1 and Leopard C1 tanks and Lynx tracked reconnaissance vehicles . During this time , the Canadian Army ceased conducting regimental rotations to 4 CMBG , going instead to a man-for-man individual rotation system . During the 1990s , the regiment conducted deployments to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the UN as part of UNPROFOR , and with NATO as part of IFOR , SFOR and in Kosovo with KFOR . Cpl James Ogilvie died in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 30 August 1998 . Afghanistan . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed both reconnaissance and tank crews to the Canadian task forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014 . The following Dragoons fell in Afghanistan : - Sgt Craig Paul Gillam , 3 October 2006 - Cpl Robert Thomas Mitchell , 3 October 2006 - Tpr Mark Andrew Wilson , 7 October 2006 - MCpl Allan Stewart , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Patrick James Pentland , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Darryl Caswell , 11 June 2007 - Maj Raymond Ruckpaul , 22 August 2007 - Tpr Brian Richard Good , 7 January 2009 - Tpr Marc Diab , 8 March 2009 - Tpr Jack Bouthillier , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Corey Joseph Hayes , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Larry John Zuidemer Rudd , 24 May 2010 Ukraine . Operation Unifier , also known as Canadian Armed Forces Joint Task Force-Ukraine , is Canadas military mission to provide assistance to the training and professionalization of the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed officers and soldiers to Rotation 4 , and are currently leading and contributing a significant component of Rotation 5 . Recognition . On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued The Royal Winnipeg Rifles , The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces , Regiments , 1883–1983 series . The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles , based on a painting by William Southern . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company , Limited . The springbok cap badge . The cap badge of The Royal Canadian Dragoons since 1913 features a springbok in recognition of the regiments service in South Africa . In the Second Boer War ( 1899–1902 ) during the advance to Pretoria , the RCD set up camp in a field . Regimental legend has it that one of the sentries noticed that some springbok were behaving erratically , and alerted the officers , who ordered a stand-to . This resulted in the defeat of Boer forces that had been trying to sneak up through the fields to attack the Canadian force . However , there is no documentary evidence of this incident . The Commanding Officer at that time , Lt.-Col . Louis Lessard , makes no mention of it in his personal papers or his official reports . The commander of the RCD then put a request to King Edward VII , the reigning monarch , to officially have their cap badge changed to the springbok , which was finally accepted in 1913 . Battle honours . In the list below , battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns , while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles . Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon . Victoria Crosses . During the Second Boer War on November 7 , 1900 , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were engaged in the Action at Leliefontein . The regiment , operating in concert with the two 12 Pounder guns of the Left Section of D Battery , Royal Canadian Artillery , was acting as the rear guard for Maj.-Gen . Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens column as it withdrew from the Komati River basin . The Boers had recently captured a quantity of British artillery ammunition and aggressively pressed the rear guard in an attempt to capture the two D Battery guns , even conducting a very rare mounted charge . In the end , the guns and the column were saved . Three Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of The Royal Canadian Dragoons for their actions during the course of the day : - Lieutenant H.Z.C . Cockburn - Lieutenant R.E.W . Turner - Sergeant E.J.G . Holland Regimental alliances . - – The Blues and Royals ( Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons ) - – 3rd Squadron , 71st Cavalry Regiment ( Light Horse ) ( Bond of Friendship ) |
[
"Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment )"
] | easy | The Royal Canadian Dragoons was officially named what from Mar 1949 to May 1958? | /wiki/The_Royal_Canadian_Dragoons#P1448#4 | The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel E.A . Kerckhoff , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J . Leamon , CD . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12 Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment . Lineage . The Royal Canadian Dragoons . - Originated 21 December 1883 in Quebec City , Quebec as the Cavalry School Corps - Redesignated 14 May 1892 as the Canadian Dragoons - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps in Winnipeg , Manitoba ( lineage below ) : retaining its designation - Redesignated 24 May 1893 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 16 October 1946 as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC - Redesignated 2 March 1949 as the Royal Canadian Dragoons ( 1st Armoured Regiment ) - Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Royal Canadian Dragoons - Redesignated 12 January 1959 as The Royal Canadian Dragoons The Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps . - Originated 20 July 1885 in Winnipeg , Manitoba as the School of Mounted Infantry - Redesignated 7 August 1891 as the Canadian Mounted Rifle Corps - Amalgamated 27 June 1892 with the Canadian Dragoons History . Formation . Formed on December 21 , 1883 as the Cavalry School Corps , The Royal Canadian Dragoons is the senior cavalry regiment in the Canadian Army and was Canadas first professional , full-time cavalry unit . It was originally organized as a troop ( the then-company-sized British Army cavalry maneuver sub-unit , today regarded as a squadron ) and was commanded by Captain ( Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel ) J.F . Turnbull of Quebec Citys Queens Own Canadian Hussars . The first Regimental Sergeant-Major was Sergeant-Major George Baxter , recruited by Lt.-Col . Turnbull from the British Armys 4th Dragoon Guards at Aldershot along with two other British Army Sergeant-Instructors from the 7th Dragoon Guards and the 15th The Kings Hussars . The North-West Rebellion . The Cavalry School Corps mobilized A Troop on 10 April 1885 for active service during the North-West Rebellion . It served with the Alberta Column of the North-West Field Force until it was removed from active service on 18 September 1885 . A Troop patrolled the Touchwood Hills in Saskatchewan to secure lines of communication and saw no active combat . South African War . The regiment was mobilized for service in South Africa during the Second Boer War as the 1st Battalion , Canadian Mounted Rifles , and composed of 19 officers and 371 men and their horses , organized into two squadrons . The battalion embarked for South Africa on 21 February 1900 , where it fought as part of the 1st Brigade , 1st Mounted Infantry Corps and as part of Maj.-Gen . Smith-Dorriens column until its departure from the theatre of operations on 13 December 1900 . The nucleus of each squadron was provided by the experienced regular officers , non-commissioned officers and men from The Royal Canadian Dragoons . For this reason on 1 August 1900 , at the units own request , the 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles were renamed the Royal Canadian Dragoons . By 12 November 1900 the regiments strength was down to three officers and 83 other ranks . Two famous Dragoon casualties of South Africa were Lieutenant Harold Lothrop Borden , son of the then-Minister for Militia and Defence Frederick William Borden and Maj . A.L . Gat Howard , formerly the regiments Machine Gun Officer , who remained behind in South Africa to command Howards Canadian Scouts . Gat Howard and was captured and murdered while a prisoner . During the regiments service in South Africa every junior officer , except for one , was killed in action , died of disease or was wounded , the regiment marched more than 2700 kilometers ( 1700 miles ) and had been in action on 41 separate days . Three Dragoons were awarded the Victoria Cross for the gallant stand at Leliefontein on 7 November 1900 , a feat of arms never surpassed by Canadians . The Great War . The regiment was placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for instructional and camp administration duties . On 14 September 1914 the regiment mobilized The Royal Canadian Dragoons , CEF , which embarked for England on 3 October 1914 . On 5 May 1915 it disembarked in France , where it fought dismounted in an infantry role as part of Seelys Detachment ( really the Canadian Cavalry Brigade ) , 1st Canadian Division . On 24 January 1916 , it remounted and resumed its cavalry role as part of the 1st Canadian Cavalry Brigade with whom it continued to fight in France and Flanders until the end of the war . The overseas regiment disbanded on 6 November 1920 . Second World War . At the start of the Second World War , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were still horse cavalry and would remain so until the regiment finally dismounted in August , 1940 . On 24 May 1940 , the regimental headquarters and one squadron mobilized together with the headquarters and one squadron of Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) to form the short-lived 1st Canadian Motorcycle Regiment , CASF ( RCD/LSH ( RC ) ) . On 21 September 1940 , this regiment was redesignated as Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) CASF and the Dragoons returned to the regiment . The regiment subsequently mobilized as an armoured car regiment , The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( Armoured Car Regiment ) , CASF , on 21 September 1940 . It was initially earmarked to serve in the 5th Canadian Armoured Division and embarked for Britain on 13 November 1941 . The RCD landed in Sicily on 8 November 1943 and moved to mainland Italy on 5 January 1944 . There it fought as the armoured car regiment for I Canadian Corps until being transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as the divisional armoured car regiment on 14 July 1944 . Due to the mountainous terrain of Italy , the regiment fought much of its time there in a dismounted role as infantry . In March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of OPERATION GOLDFLAKE , and the regiment resumed its role as the I Canadian Corps armoured car regiment . The regiment was heavily engaged in operations in the Netherlands and Germany until the end of the war . The RCD was the first Allied unit to advance through Holland to the North Sea , famously liberated the city of Leeuwarden and fought off an attempted German amphibious assault . The fighting was so intense and chaotic that two of the squadron sergeants-major , WOII Deeming and WOII Forgrave , were separately awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal ( second in precedence to the Victoria Cross ) for dismounting the members of their supply convoys and fighting through enemy infantry positions to get fuel , ammunition , water and rations forward to their squadrons . On 1 September 1945 a second Active Force component of the regiment mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations designated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Car Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF . It was redesignated as the 2nd-1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 15 November 1945 ; and as the 1st Armoured Regiment ( The Royal Canadian Dragoons ) , RCAC , CASF , on 1 March 1946 . On 27 June 1946 the regiment was embodied in the Permanent Force . Korea . D Squadron , equipped with M4A3E8 Sherman tanks rented from the U.S . Army , served in Korea following the armistice in 1954 . Lieut Frank Sidney Stilwell died in a vehicle accident while deployed to Korea on 25 January 1954 . “Dog Squadron” , so-called because Dog was the word for the letter D in the old phonetic alphabet , were the last Canadians to operationally employ Sherman tanks . The UN and NATO . The Royal Canadian Dragoons , along with Lord Strathconas Horse ( Royal Canadians ) , contributed troops to 56 Reconnaissance Squadron for duty with the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF ) from March 1957 to January 1959 , equipped with Ferret scout cars . The Officer Commanding , Maj . R . Barry Tackaberry , the Second-in-Command , Capt . J.A . Beament , the 2nd Troop Leader , Lt J.G.H . Ferguson , and the 4th Troop Leader , Lt J.B . Long , as well as half of the NCOs and soldiers , were Dragoons . Other squadrons of the regiment served there and in Cyprus . Two members of 56 Recce Squadron died : Lt Charles C . Van Straubenzee on 10 May 1957 and Tpr George E . McDavid on 29 November 1957 . The regiment contributed several other recce squadrons to UNEF until its demise in 1967 . Tpr Ronald H . Allan was killed by Egyptian machine gun fire on 28 November 1959 . The regiment was part of the initial deployment to Cyprus as part of OPERATION SNOW GOOSE , Canadas long contribution to UNFICYP , and conducted other squadron-sized tours as well as a regimental deployment from March to September 1989 . Tpr . Joseph H . Fess Campbell died in Cyprus on 31 July 1964 . The regiment served at Fort Beausejour , Iserlohn , Germany from November 1957 - November 1959 The regiment served at CFB Lahr , West Germany , as part of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group from 1970 to 1987 equipped with Centurion , rented German Leopard 1 and Leopard C1 tanks and Lynx tracked reconnaissance vehicles . During this time , the Canadian Army ceased conducting regimental rotations to 4 CMBG , going instead to a man-for-man individual rotation system . During the 1990s , the regiment conducted deployments to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the UN as part of UNPROFOR , and with NATO as part of IFOR , SFOR and in Kosovo with KFOR . Cpl James Ogilvie died in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 30 August 1998 . Afghanistan . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed both reconnaissance and tank crews to the Canadian task forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014 . The following Dragoons fell in Afghanistan : - Sgt Craig Paul Gillam , 3 October 2006 - Cpl Robert Thomas Mitchell , 3 October 2006 - Tpr Mark Andrew Wilson , 7 October 2006 - MCpl Allan Stewart , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Patrick James Pentland , 11 April 2007 - Tpr Darryl Caswell , 11 June 2007 - Maj Raymond Ruckpaul , 22 August 2007 - Tpr Brian Richard Good , 7 January 2009 - Tpr Marc Diab , 8 March 2009 - Tpr Jack Bouthillier , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Corey Joseph Hayes , 20 March 2009 - Tpr Larry John Zuidemer Rudd , 24 May 2010 Ukraine . Operation Unifier , also known as Canadian Armed Forces Joint Task Force-Ukraine , is Canadas military mission to provide assistance to the training and professionalization of the Ukrainian Armed Forces . The Royal Canadian Dragoons contributed officers and soldiers to Rotation 4 , and are currently leading and contributing a significant component of Rotation 5 . Recognition . On 10 November 1983 Canada Post issued The Royal Winnipeg Rifles , The Royal Canadian Dragoons as part of the Canadian Forces , Regiments , 1883–1983 series . The stamps were designed by Ralph Tibbles , based on a painting by William Southern . The 32¢ stamps are perforated 13.5 x 13 and were printed by Canadian Bank Note Company , Limited . The springbok cap badge . The cap badge of The Royal Canadian Dragoons since 1913 features a springbok in recognition of the regiments service in South Africa . In the Second Boer War ( 1899–1902 ) during the advance to Pretoria , the RCD set up camp in a field . Regimental legend has it that one of the sentries noticed that some springbok were behaving erratically , and alerted the officers , who ordered a stand-to . This resulted in the defeat of Boer forces that had been trying to sneak up through the fields to attack the Canadian force . However , there is no documentary evidence of this incident . The Commanding Officer at that time , Lt.-Col . Louis Lessard , makes no mention of it in his personal papers or his official reports . The commander of the RCD then put a request to King Edward VII , the reigning monarch , to officially have their cap badge changed to the springbok , which was finally accepted in 1913 . Battle honours . In the list below , battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns , while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles . Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon . Victoria Crosses . During the Second Boer War on November 7 , 1900 , The Royal Canadian Dragoons were engaged in the Action at Leliefontein . The regiment , operating in concert with the two 12 Pounder guns of the Left Section of D Battery , Royal Canadian Artillery , was acting as the rear guard for Maj.-Gen . Sir Horace Smith-Dorriens column as it withdrew from the Komati River basin . The Boers had recently captured a quantity of British artillery ammunition and aggressively pressed the rear guard in an attempt to capture the two D Battery guns , even conducting a very rare mounted charge . In the end , the guns and the column were saved . Three Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of The Royal Canadian Dragoons for their actions during the course of the day : - Lieutenant H.Z.C . Cockburn - Lieutenant R.E.W . Turner - Sergeant E.J.G . Holland Regimental alliances . - – The Blues and Royals ( Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons ) - – 3rd Squadron , 71st Cavalry Regiment ( Light Horse ) ( Bond of Friendship ) |
[
"VfB Stuttgart"
] | easy | Which team did Bernd Leno play for from 2009 to 2011? | /wiki/Bernd_Leno#P54#0 | Bernd Leno Bernd Leno ( born 4 March 1992 ) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Arsenal and the Germany national team . Club career . VfB Stuttgart . In May 2011 , Leno extended his contract with VfB Stuttgart until June 2014 . Bayer Leverkusen . On 10 August 2011 , he was loaned out to Bayer Leverkusen until 31 December 2011 . Four days after the five months loan deal was signed , Leno made his Bundesliga debut against Werder Bremen . He became , after Dirk Krüssenberg and Heribert Macherey , the third goalkeeper in Bundesliga history to keep a clean sheet in his first three Bundesliga games . When he played on 13 September 2011 , at the age of 19 years and 193 days , against Chelsea in the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League group stage he became the youngest German goalkeeper to ever to play in a Champions League match . The transfer was made permanent on 30 November 2011 , when Leno received a deal that kept him with Bayer until 2017 . Leno became a regular in the first team and after a string of impressive performances , on 8 November 2013 , he signed an improved contract to keep him at the club until 2018 . He made his 300th competitive appearance for Leverkusen on 14 April 2018 in a 4–1 league win over Eintracht Frankfurt . Arsenal . On 19 June 2018 , Premier League club Arsenal announced that Leno had signed a five-year contract for a fee of £22.5 million , while pending the completion of regulatory processes . Leno made his debut for Arsenal in the 4–2 victory over Vorskla Poltava in the Europa League . Leno made his Premier League debut in the 2–0 home victory over Watford , replacing regular goalkeeper Petr Čech , who picked up an injury in the first-half . His performance was praised by head-coach Unai Emery , who said He is working very well with the goalkeeping coaches . I spoke with him and said the most important thing is when the team needs him to help us , to be prepared . He did that on Wednesday and today also – and against Vorskla . We have three very good goalkeepers . Petr Čech , his performances for us have been very important and his experience . Leno can learn by staying near with Petr Čech every day . I am very happy with him . He has waited for his moment and its arriving . Leno was the runner up of the Arsenal Player of the Season award in the 2019–20 season , commanded 16 per cent of the final vote . On 25 February 2021 , he played his 100th match for Arsenal in all competitions in a 3–2 win over Benfica in the Europa League round of 32 . International career . Leno received his first call up to the senior Germany team in October 2015 for UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers against Republic of Ireland and Georgia . He was later included in his nations squad for the final tournament the following summer . Leno was selected for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia . He played one game of the tournament , against Australia . He was named in Germanys provisional squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup , but was not selected for the final 23-man squad . On 19 May 2021 , he was selected to the squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . Personal life . Leno was born in Bietigheim-Bissingen , Baden-Württemberg . His father is Russian-German . On 11 August 2020 , Leno married his long-time girlfriend , Sophie Christin . Honours . Arsenal - FA Community Shield : 2020 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2018–19 Germany U17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2009 Germany - FIFA Confederations Cup : 2017 External links . - Profile at the Arsenal F.C . website |
[
"Bayer Leverkusen"
] | easy | Bernd Leno played for which team from 2011 to Jun 2018? | /wiki/Bernd_Leno#P54#1 | Bernd Leno Bernd Leno ( born 4 March 1992 ) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Arsenal and the Germany national team . Club career . VfB Stuttgart . In May 2011 , Leno extended his contract with VfB Stuttgart until June 2014 . Bayer Leverkusen . On 10 August 2011 , he was loaned out to Bayer Leverkusen until 31 December 2011 . Four days after the five months loan deal was signed , Leno made his Bundesliga debut against Werder Bremen . He became , after Dirk Krüssenberg and Heribert Macherey , the third goalkeeper in Bundesliga history to keep a clean sheet in his first three Bundesliga games . When he played on 13 September 2011 , at the age of 19 years and 193 days , against Chelsea in the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League group stage he became the youngest German goalkeeper to ever to play in a Champions League match . The transfer was made permanent on 30 November 2011 , when Leno received a deal that kept him with Bayer until 2017 . Leno became a regular in the first team and after a string of impressive performances , on 8 November 2013 , he signed an improved contract to keep him at the club until 2018 . He made his 300th competitive appearance for Leverkusen on 14 April 2018 in a 4–1 league win over Eintracht Frankfurt . Arsenal . On 19 June 2018 , Premier League club Arsenal announced that Leno had signed a five-year contract for a fee of £22.5 million , while pending the completion of regulatory processes . Leno made his debut for Arsenal in the 4–2 victory over Vorskla Poltava in the Europa League . Leno made his Premier League debut in the 2–0 home victory over Watford , replacing regular goalkeeper Petr Čech , who picked up an injury in the first-half . His performance was praised by head-coach Unai Emery , who said He is working very well with the goalkeeping coaches . I spoke with him and said the most important thing is when the team needs him to help us , to be prepared . He did that on Wednesday and today also – and against Vorskla . We have three very good goalkeepers . Petr Čech , his performances for us have been very important and his experience . Leno can learn by staying near with Petr Čech every day . I am very happy with him . He has waited for his moment and its arriving . Leno was the runner up of the Arsenal Player of the Season award in the 2019–20 season , commanded 16 per cent of the final vote . On 25 February 2021 , he played his 100th match for Arsenal in all competitions in a 3–2 win over Benfica in the Europa League round of 32 . International career . Leno received his first call up to the senior Germany team in October 2015 for UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers against Republic of Ireland and Georgia . He was later included in his nations squad for the final tournament the following summer . Leno was selected for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia . He played one game of the tournament , against Australia . He was named in Germanys provisional squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup , but was not selected for the final 23-man squad . On 19 May 2021 , he was selected to the squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . Personal life . Leno was born in Bietigheim-Bissingen , Baden-Württemberg . His father is Russian-German . On 11 August 2020 , Leno married his long-time girlfriend , Sophie Christin . Honours . Arsenal - FA Community Shield : 2020 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2018–19 Germany U17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2009 Germany - FIFA Confederations Cup : 2017 External links . - Profile at the Arsenal F.C . website |
[
"Arsenal"
] | easy | Bernd Leno played for which team from Jun 2018 to Jun 2019? | /wiki/Bernd_Leno#P54#2 | Bernd Leno Bernd Leno ( born 4 March 1992 ) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Arsenal and the Germany national team . Club career . VfB Stuttgart . In May 2011 , Leno extended his contract with VfB Stuttgart until June 2014 . Bayer Leverkusen . On 10 August 2011 , he was loaned out to Bayer Leverkusen until 31 December 2011 . Four days after the five months loan deal was signed , Leno made his Bundesliga debut against Werder Bremen . He became , after Dirk Krüssenberg and Heribert Macherey , the third goalkeeper in Bundesliga history to keep a clean sheet in his first three Bundesliga games . When he played on 13 September 2011 , at the age of 19 years and 193 days , against Chelsea in the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League group stage he became the youngest German goalkeeper to ever to play in a Champions League match . The transfer was made permanent on 30 November 2011 , when Leno received a deal that kept him with Bayer until 2017 . Leno became a regular in the first team and after a string of impressive performances , on 8 November 2013 , he signed an improved contract to keep him at the club until 2018 . He made his 300th competitive appearance for Leverkusen on 14 April 2018 in a 4–1 league win over Eintracht Frankfurt . Arsenal . On 19 June 2018 , Premier League club Arsenal announced that Leno had signed a five-year contract for a fee of £22.5 million , while pending the completion of regulatory processes . Leno made his debut for Arsenal in the 4–2 victory over Vorskla Poltava in the Europa League . Leno made his Premier League debut in the 2–0 home victory over Watford , replacing regular goalkeeper Petr Čech , who picked up an injury in the first-half . His performance was praised by head-coach Unai Emery , who said He is working very well with the goalkeeping coaches . I spoke with him and said the most important thing is when the team needs him to help us , to be prepared . He did that on Wednesday and today also – and against Vorskla . We have three very good goalkeepers . Petr Čech , his performances for us have been very important and his experience . Leno can learn by staying near with Petr Čech every day . I am very happy with him . He has waited for his moment and its arriving . Leno was the runner up of the Arsenal Player of the Season award in the 2019–20 season , commanded 16 per cent of the final vote . On 25 February 2021 , he played his 100th match for Arsenal in all competitions in a 3–2 win over Benfica in the Europa League round of 32 . International career . Leno received his first call up to the senior Germany team in October 2015 for UEFA Euro 2016 qualifiers against Republic of Ireland and Georgia . He was later included in his nations squad for the final tournament the following summer . Leno was selected for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia . He played one game of the tournament , against Australia . He was named in Germanys provisional squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup , but was not selected for the final 23-man squad . On 19 May 2021 , he was selected to the squad for the UEFA Euro 2020 . Personal life . Leno was born in Bietigheim-Bissingen , Baden-Württemberg . His father is Russian-German . On 11 August 2020 , Leno married his long-time girlfriend , Sophie Christin . Honours . Arsenal - FA Community Shield : 2020 - UEFA Europa League runner-up : 2018–19 Germany U17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship : 2009 Germany - FIFA Confederations Cup : 2017 External links . - Profile at the Arsenal F.C . website |
[
"Leeds Rhinos"
] | easy | Which team did Garreth Carvell play for from 1997 to 2000? | /wiki/Garreth_Carvell#P54#0 | Garreth Carvell Garreth Carvell ( born 21 April 1980 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played at representative level for Great Britain , England and Wales . Then , he played his entire professional club career in England , for Stanningley ARLFC ( in Leeds ) , in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage № 1084 ) , the Leeds Rhinos ( Heritage № 1299 ) , Gateshead Thunder ( loan ) , Hull FC , and the Castleford Tigers , and in the Championship for Featherstone Rovers ( Heritage № 1025 ) , as a or . Background . Carvell was born in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . Playing career . Carvell made his Super League début for the Leeds Rhinos in 1997s Super League II as a 16-year-old against the Sheffield Eagles on Friday 22 August 1997 . After a successful loan spell at the newly formed Gateshead Thunder in 1999 , he signed for Hull F.C . in 2000 where he developed into one of the top s in the country , helping Hull F.C . to win the 2005 Challenge Cup Final . Hull F.C . reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St Helens , and Carvell played as a in his sides 4-26 loss . In 2000 , Carvell made his international début when he represented Wales in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup . Garreth represented Great Britain in 2006 in the 2006 Tri-Nations competition held in Australia . He also helped Hull F.C . reach the 2008 Challenge Cup Final . After signing a deal that would keep Carvell at Hull F.C . for the next 3-years he made a controversial U-turn and made the move to Warrington Wolves after a fee was paid . Carvell played for Warrington Wolves in the 2009 challenge cup final victory over Huddersfield Giants , 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over Leeds Rhinos . and the 2012 challenge cup final victory again over Leeds Rhinos . He also featured in the 2012 and 2013 Grand final defeats . Garreth Carvell won caps for Wales while at Leeds 2000 ( …2007? ) 1 ( 3? ) -caps + 2-caps ( interchange/substitute ) , and won caps for Great Britain while at Hull F.C . in 2006 against New Zealand ( 2 matches ) . He was named in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup . He played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He was also named in Englands 24-man 2011 Four Nations squad . He appeared off the bench against New Zealand at the KC Stadium , Hull , and in the final against Australia at Elland Road , Leeds . He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He played in the 2013 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford . In September 2014 , Garreth was again called up to play for Wales in the 2014 European Cup . This was the first time that Garreth played for Wales in 14 years . But , unfortunately , he had to withdraw before the tournament due to an injury but he didnt completely leave the side as he took up an assistant coaching role . Midway through the 2013 season the Bradford Bulls announced that they had signed Carvell for the 2014 and 2015 seasons by signing him on a 2 Year Deal . Carvell featured in the pre-season game against Hull FC . However , in the week leading up to the first Super League game the Bulls went into administration and Carvell made the switch to former club Hull F.C . on a 1-year deal . He then moved to the Castleford Tigers before finishing his career with a brief spell at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship making his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 26 April 2015 . External links . - Player Profile at hullfc.com - Profile at leedsrugby - Six new GB faces for Tri-Nations - BBC Article Carvell signs new Hull contract - Profile at warringtonwolves.org |
[
"Hull FC"
] | easy | Which team did Garreth Carvell play for from 2001 to 2006? | /wiki/Garreth_Carvell#P54#1 | Garreth Carvell Garreth Carvell ( born 21 April 1980 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played at representative level for Great Britain , England and Wales . Then , he played his entire professional club career in England , for Stanningley ARLFC ( in Leeds ) , in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage № 1084 ) , the Leeds Rhinos ( Heritage № 1299 ) , Gateshead Thunder ( loan ) , Hull FC , and the Castleford Tigers , and in the Championship for Featherstone Rovers ( Heritage № 1025 ) , as a or . Background . Carvell was born in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . Playing career . Carvell made his Super League début for the Leeds Rhinos in 1997s Super League II as a 16-year-old against the Sheffield Eagles on Friday 22 August 1997 . After a successful loan spell at the newly formed Gateshead Thunder in 1999 , he signed for Hull F.C . in 2000 where he developed into one of the top s in the country , helping Hull F.C . to win the 2005 Challenge Cup Final . Hull F.C . reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St Helens , and Carvell played as a in his sides 4-26 loss . In 2000 , Carvell made his international début when he represented Wales in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup . Garreth represented Great Britain in 2006 in the 2006 Tri-Nations competition held in Australia . He also helped Hull F.C . reach the 2008 Challenge Cup Final . After signing a deal that would keep Carvell at Hull F.C . for the next 3-years he made a controversial U-turn and made the move to Warrington Wolves after a fee was paid . Carvell played for Warrington Wolves in the 2009 challenge cup final victory over Huddersfield Giants , 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over Leeds Rhinos . and the 2012 challenge cup final victory again over Leeds Rhinos . He also featured in the 2012 and 2013 Grand final defeats . Garreth Carvell won caps for Wales while at Leeds 2000 ( …2007? ) 1 ( 3? ) -caps + 2-caps ( interchange/substitute ) , and won caps for Great Britain while at Hull F.C . in 2006 against New Zealand ( 2 matches ) . He was named in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup . He played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He was also named in Englands 24-man 2011 Four Nations squad . He appeared off the bench against New Zealand at the KC Stadium , Hull , and in the final against Australia at Elland Road , Leeds . He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He played in the 2013 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford . In September 2014 , Garreth was again called up to play for Wales in the 2014 European Cup . This was the first time that Garreth played for Wales in 14 years . But , unfortunately , he had to withdraw before the tournament due to an injury but he didnt completely leave the side as he took up an assistant coaching role . Midway through the 2013 season the Bradford Bulls announced that they had signed Carvell for the 2014 and 2015 seasons by signing him on a 2 Year Deal . Carvell featured in the pre-season game against Hull FC . However , in the week leading up to the first Super League game the Bulls went into administration and Carvell made the switch to former club Hull F.C . on a 1-year deal . He then moved to the Castleford Tigers before finishing his career with a brief spell at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship making his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 26 April 2015 . External links . - Player Profile at hullfc.com - Profile at leedsrugby - Six new GB faces for Tri-Nations - BBC Article Carvell signs new Hull contract - Profile at warringtonwolves.org |
[
""
] | easy | Which team did the player Garreth Carvell belong to from 2006 to 2009? | /wiki/Garreth_Carvell#P54#2 | Garreth Carvell Garreth Carvell ( born 21 April 1980 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played at representative level for Great Britain , England and Wales . Then , he played his entire professional club career in England , for Stanningley ARLFC ( in Leeds ) , in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage № 1084 ) , the Leeds Rhinos ( Heritage № 1299 ) , Gateshead Thunder ( loan ) , Hull FC , and the Castleford Tigers , and in the Championship for Featherstone Rovers ( Heritage № 1025 ) , as a or . Background . Carvell was born in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . Playing career . Carvell made his Super League début for the Leeds Rhinos in 1997s Super League II as a 16-year-old against the Sheffield Eagles on Friday 22 August 1997 . After a successful loan spell at the newly formed Gateshead Thunder in 1999 , he signed for Hull F.C . in 2000 where he developed into one of the top s in the country , helping Hull F.C . to win the 2005 Challenge Cup Final . Hull F.C . reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St Helens , and Carvell played as a in his sides 4-26 loss . In 2000 , Carvell made his international début when he represented Wales in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup . Garreth represented Great Britain in 2006 in the 2006 Tri-Nations competition held in Australia . He also helped Hull F.C . reach the 2008 Challenge Cup Final . After signing a deal that would keep Carvell at Hull F.C . for the next 3-years he made a controversial U-turn and made the move to Warrington Wolves after a fee was paid . Carvell played for Warrington Wolves in the 2009 challenge cup final victory over Huddersfield Giants , 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over Leeds Rhinos . and the 2012 challenge cup final victory again over Leeds Rhinos . He also featured in the 2012 and 2013 Grand final defeats . Garreth Carvell won caps for Wales while at Leeds 2000 ( …2007? ) 1 ( 3? ) -caps + 2-caps ( interchange/substitute ) , and won caps for Great Britain while at Hull F.C . in 2006 against New Zealand ( 2 matches ) . He was named in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup . He played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He was also named in Englands 24-man 2011 Four Nations squad . He appeared off the bench against New Zealand at the KC Stadium , Hull , and in the final against Australia at Elland Road , Leeds . He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He played in the 2013 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford . In September 2014 , Garreth was again called up to play for Wales in the 2014 European Cup . This was the first time that Garreth played for Wales in 14 years . But , unfortunately , he had to withdraw before the tournament due to an injury but he didnt completely leave the side as he took up an assistant coaching role . Midway through the 2013 season the Bradford Bulls announced that they had signed Carvell for the 2014 and 2015 seasons by signing him on a 2 Year Deal . Carvell featured in the pre-season game against Hull FC . However , in the week leading up to the first Super League game the Bulls went into administration and Carvell made the switch to former club Hull F.C . on a 1-year deal . He then moved to the Castleford Tigers before finishing his career with a brief spell at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship making his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 26 April 2015 . External links . - Player Profile at hullfc.com - Profile at leedsrugby - Six new GB faces for Tri-Nations - BBC Article Carvell signs new Hull contract - Profile at warringtonwolves.org |
[
"Warrington Wolves"
] | easy | Which team did the player Garreth Carvell belong to from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Garreth_Carvell#P54#3 | Garreth Carvell Garreth Carvell ( born 21 April 1980 ) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a in the 1990s , 2000s and 2010s . He played at representative level for Great Britain , England and Wales . Then , he played his entire professional club career in England , for Stanningley ARLFC ( in Leeds ) , in the Super League for the Warrington Wolves ( Heritage № 1084 ) , the Leeds Rhinos ( Heritage № 1299 ) , Gateshead Thunder ( loan ) , Hull FC , and the Castleford Tigers , and in the Championship for Featherstone Rovers ( Heritage № 1025 ) , as a or . Background . Carvell was born in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . Playing career . Carvell made his Super League début for the Leeds Rhinos in 1997s Super League II as a 16-year-old against the Sheffield Eagles on Friday 22 August 1997 . After a successful loan spell at the newly formed Gateshead Thunder in 1999 , he signed for Hull F.C . in 2000 where he developed into one of the top s in the country , helping Hull F.C . to win the 2005 Challenge Cup Final . Hull F.C . reached the 2006 Super League Grand final to be contested against St Helens , and Carvell played as a in his sides 4-26 loss . In 2000 , Carvell made his international début when he represented Wales in the 2000 Rugby League World Cup . Garreth represented Great Britain in 2006 in the 2006 Tri-Nations competition held in Australia . He also helped Hull F.C . reach the 2008 Challenge Cup Final . After signing a deal that would keep Carvell at Hull F.C . for the next 3-years he made a controversial U-turn and made the move to Warrington Wolves after a fee was paid . Carvell played for Warrington Wolves in the 2009 challenge cup final victory over Huddersfield Giants , 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over Leeds Rhinos . and the 2012 challenge cup final victory again over Leeds Rhinos . He also featured in the 2012 and 2013 Grand final defeats . Garreth Carvell won caps for Wales while at Leeds 2000 ( …2007? ) 1 ( 3? ) -caps + 2-caps ( interchange/substitute ) , and won caps for Great Britain while at Hull F.C . in 2006 against New Zealand ( 2 matches ) . He was named in the England training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup . He played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He was also named in Englands 24-man 2011 Four Nations squad . He appeared off the bench against New Zealand at the KC Stadium , Hull , and in the final against Australia at Elland Road , Leeds . He played in the 2012 Challenge Cup Final victory over the Leeds Rhinos at Wembley Stadium . He played in the 2013 Super League Grand Final defeat by the Wigan Warriors at Old Trafford . In September 2014 , Garreth was again called up to play for Wales in the 2014 European Cup . This was the first time that Garreth played for Wales in 14 years . But , unfortunately , he had to withdraw before the tournament due to an injury but he didnt completely leave the side as he took up an assistant coaching role . Midway through the 2013 season the Bradford Bulls announced that they had signed Carvell for the 2014 and 2015 seasons by signing him on a 2 Year Deal . Carvell featured in the pre-season game against Hull FC . However , in the week leading up to the first Super League game the Bulls went into administration and Carvell made the switch to former club Hull F.C . on a 1-year deal . He then moved to the Castleford Tigers before finishing his career with a brief spell at Featherstone Rovers in the Championship making his début for Featherstone Rovers on Sunday 26 April 2015 . External links . - Player Profile at hullfc.com - Profile at leedsrugby - Six new GB faces for Tri-Nations - BBC Article Carvell signs new Hull contract - Profile at warringtonwolves.org |
[
"Colonel-General Eugen Ritter von Schobert"
] | easy | 11th Army (Wehrmacht) was managed or directed by whom from Oct 1940 to Sep 1941? | /wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)#P1037#0 | 11th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 11th Army ( ) was a World War II field army . History . The 11th Army was established on 5 October 1940 as Kommandostab Leipzig , but changed its designation to Kommandostab München on 23 April 1941 . It was restructured into Heeresgruppe Don on 21 November 1942 . After being reformed on 26 January 1945 and taking part in various counter-offensives against the Soviet and US advance , the army surrendered to American troops on 23 April 1945 . Formation . The 11th Army was activated in 1940 to prepare for the forthcoming German attack on the Soviet Union . The 11th Army was part of Army Group South when it invaded the USSR during Operation Barbarossa . In September 1941 , Erich von Manstein was appointed its commander . His predecessor , Colonel-General Eugen Ritter von Schobert , perished when his Fieseler Storch aircraft landed in a Soviet minefield . At the start of Barbarossa , the 11th Army order of battle included : - LIV Corps - 50th Infantry division - 170th Infantry division - 138th Artillery brigade - 190th Assault Gun battalion - 197th Assault Gun battalion - 46th Combat Engineer battalion - 744th Combat Engineer battalion - 454th Corps Signal battalion - XXX Corps - 198th Infantry division - 14th Infantry division ( Romanian ) - 5th Cavalry brigade ( Romanian ) - 249th Assault Gun battalion - 610th Anti-aircraft Artillery battalion - 70th Nebelwerfer battalion ( 150 mm mortars 280 mm guns ) - 110th Artillery brigade - 690th Field Engineer regiment - 430th Corps Signal battalion - 430th Corps Supply battalion - 430th Corps Cartographic battalion - XI Corps - 76th Infantry division - 239th Infantry division - Army reserves and other assets - 22nd Infantry division - Railroad operations command - 19th Construction brigade - 300th Tank battalion - 617th Cartography battalion - 756th Traffic controllers battalion - 766th Artillery regiment - 926th Construction command - 558th Army Communications regiment - 693rd Propaganda company The 11th Army was tasked with invading the Crimea and the pursuit of enemy forces on the flank of Army Group South during its advance into the Soviet Union . The 11th Army order of battle included three Corps : XXX Corps , which was composed of the 22nd , 72nd and Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler divisions and the XI Corps , consisting of the 170th Infantry Division and the 1st and 4th Mountain Divisions ; and LIVth Corps , consisting of the 46th , 73rd and 50th Infantry Divisions . The latter formation had been in charge of the advance into the Crimean peninsula earlier in September . The Romanian 3rd Army , three Mountain brigades and three cavalry brigades , were also under von Mansteins command . Einsatzgruppe D was attached to the 11th Army . Battle of Sevastopol . The 11th Army fought in southern USSR from 1941 until mid-summer 1942 and laid siege to Sevastopol . It did not take part in Fall Blau when Army Group South attacked in Southern Russia towards the Caucasus and Stalingrad . The 11th Army cut the Soviets off from the sea at Sevastopol , thus sealing the fate of the remaining defenders . After a 248-day-long siege , an estimated 100,000 prisoners marched into captivity . For his achievements in this battle , Manstein was promoted to field marshal . A grateful Adolf Hitler also authorized the Crimean Shield to commemorate the efforts of the 11th Army . It was a costly victory , however : the 11th Armys casualties and material losses were so high it was no longer a viable fighting force in its own right . Manstein recommended that the 11th Army either cross the straits of Kerch and push into the Kuban area to aid in the capture of Rostov , or be placed into Army Group South reserve . Instead , part of the 11th Army , along with the heavy siege train , was transferred to Army Group North . Ordered to oversee Leningrads reduction , Manstein transferred with them . The remainder of the 11th Army was parcelled out to Army Group Center and Army Group South . This breakup of the 11th Army and its disappearance from the order of battle of Army Group South would have dire consequences for Nazi Germany . During the course of the following fall and winter of 1942 , the Battle of Stalingrad took place . The Luftwaffe had largely reduced the city to rubble and the presence of the Volga behind the city made it virtually impossible for the Germans to follow the classical dual pincer envelopment strategy . The Red Army now opted hugging tactics , ( keeping the front lines as close to the Axis forces as possible ) , thereby rendering tanks , aircraft , and artillery largely redundant , and placing the entire responsibility on the infantry . Although the 6th Army had managed to capture most of the city and had pushed the Soviets to the banks of the Volga river in several places , it needed several more infantry divisions ( as explained above ) , to take the city completely . In spite of repeated requests to the German high command , the 6th Army was not reinforced because no other reinforcements were available in the region , or close enough to support them . As the battle grew more intense , the Soviets counterattacked on both sides of the 6th Armys flanks and destroyed the Romanian 3rd and 4th Armies . The Soviet pincers then linked up , thereby surrounding and ultimately destroying the 6th Army . The 11th Army was de-activated on 21 November 1942 and was used to form the newly created Army Group Don . Order of Battle During the Battle for Sevastopol . The 11th Army , during the battle of Sevastopol , consisted of nine German infantry divisions ( including two taken on strength during the battle ) , in two corps , and two Romanian rifle corps , plus various supporting elements , including 150 tanks , several hundred aircraft and one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fielded by the Wehrmacht . - LIV Corps - 22nd Infantry Division - commanded by General der Infanterie Ludwig Wolff - 24th Infantry Division - 50th Infantry Division - 132nd Infantry Division - XXX Corps - commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Salmuth - 28th Light Division - 72nd Infantry Division - 170th Infantry Division - Romanian Mountain Corps - commanded by Major General Gheorghe Avramescu - 1st Mountain Division - 4th Mountain Division - 18th Infantry Division October 1944 to April 1945 . The 11th SS Panzer Army ( SS panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . ) , was not much more than a paper formation formed between November 1944 and February 1945 by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler while he was commander of Army Group Vistula.The historian Antony Beevor wrote that , when the 11th SS Panzer Army was created , the available units could constitute a corps at best , But panzer army observed Eismann has a better ring to it . It also allowed Himmler to promote SS officers to senior staff and field commands within the formation . Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner , probably the best SS officer available , was named its commander . The formation was officially listed as the 11th Army but it was also known as SS Panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . and is often referred to in English as the 11th SS Panzer Army . After fighting east of the Oder River during February 1945 , the 11th was assigned to OB West , reorganized , and given command of new units , for combat against the Western Allies in March 1945 . After fighting in the vicinity of the Weser River and the Harz mountains , the 11th surrendered on April 21 . |
[
"Erich von Manstein"
] | easy | Who was the director or manager of 11th Army (Wehrmacht) from Sep 1941 to Nov 1942? | /wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)#P1037#1 | 11th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 11th Army ( ) was a World War II field army . History . The 11th Army was established on 5 October 1940 as Kommandostab Leipzig , but changed its designation to Kommandostab München on 23 April 1941 . It was restructured into Heeresgruppe Don on 21 November 1942 . After being reformed on 26 January 1945 and taking part in various counter-offensives against the Soviet and US advance , the army surrendered to American troops on 23 April 1945 . Formation . The 11th Army was activated in 1940 to prepare for the forthcoming German attack on the Soviet Union . The 11th Army was part of Army Group South when it invaded the USSR during Operation Barbarossa . In September 1941 , Erich von Manstein was appointed its commander . His predecessor , Colonel-General Eugen Ritter von Schobert , perished when his Fieseler Storch aircraft landed in a Soviet minefield . At the start of Barbarossa , the 11th Army order of battle included : - LIV Corps - 50th Infantry division - 170th Infantry division - 138th Artillery brigade - 190th Assault Gun battalion - 197th Assault Gun battalion - 46th Combat Engineer battalion - 744th Combat Engineer battalion - 454th Corps Signal battalion - XXX Corps - 198th Infantry division - 14th Infantry division ( Romanian ) - 5th Cavalry brigade ( Romanian ) - 249th Assault Gun battalion - 610th Anti-aircraft Artillery battalion - 70th Nebelwerfer battalion ( 150 mm mortars 280 mm guns ) - 110th Artillery brigade - 690th Field Engineer regiment - 430th Corps Signal battalion - 430th Corps Supply battalion - 430th Corps Cartographic battalion - XI Corps - 76th Infantry division - 239th Infantry division - Army reserves and other assets - 22nd Infantry division - Railroad operations command - 19th Construction brigade - 300th Tank battalion - 617th Cartography battalion - 756th Traffic controllers battalion - 766th Artillery regiment - 926th Construction command - 558th Army Communications regiment - 693rd Propaganda company The 11th Army was tasked with invading the Crimea and the pursuit of enemy forces on the flank of Army Group South during its advance into the Soviet Union . The 11th Army order of battle included three Corps : XXX Corps , which was composed of the 22nd , 72nd and Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler divisions and the XI Corps , consisting of the 170th Infantry Division and the 1st and 4th Mountain Divisions ; and LIVth Corps , consisting of the 46th , 73rd and 50th Infantry Divisions . The latter formation had been in charge of the advance into the Crimean peninsula earlier in September . The Romanian 3rd Army , three Mountain brigades and three cavalry brigades , were also under von Mansteins command . Einsatzgruppe D was attached to the 11th Army . Battle of Sevastopol . The 11th Army fought in southern USSR from 1941 until mid-summer 1942 and laid siege to Sevastopol . It did not take part in Fall Blau when Army Group South attacked in Southern Russia towards the Caucasus and Stalingrad . The 11th Army cut the Soviets off from the sea at Sevastopol , thus sealing the fate of the remaining defenders . After a 248-day-long siege , an estimated 100,000 prisoners marched into captivity . For his achievements in this battle , Manstein was promoted to field marshal . A grateful Adolf Hitler also authorized the Crimean Shield to commemorate the efforts of the 11th Army . It was a costly victory , however : the 11th Armys casualties and material losses were so high it was no longer a viable fighting force in its own right . Manstein recommended that the 11th Army either cross the straits of Kerch and push into the Kuban area to aid in the capture of Rostov , or be placed into Army Group South reserve . Instead , part of the 11th Army , along with the heavy siege train , was transferred to Army Group North . Ordered to oversee Leningrads reduction , Manstein transferred with them . The remainder of the 11th Army was parcelled out to Army Group Center and Army Group South . This breakup of the 11th Army and its disappearance from the order of battle of Army Group South would have dire consequences for Nazi Germany . During the course of the following fall and winter of 1942 , the Battle of Stalingrad took place . The Luftwaffe had largely reduced the city to rubble and the presence of the Volga behind the city made it virtually impossible for the Germans to follow the classical dual pincer envelopment strategy . The Red Army now opted hugging tactics , ( keeping the front lines as close to the Axis forces as possible ) , thereby rendering tanks , aircraft , and artillery largely redundant , and placing the entire responsibility on the infantry . Although the 6th Army had managed to capture most of the city and had pushed the Soviets to the banks of the Volga river in several places , it needed several more infantry divisions ( as explained above ) , to take the city completely . In spite of repeated requests to the German high command , the 6th Army was not reinforced because no other reinforcements were available in the region , or close enough to support them . As the battle grew more intense , the Soviets counterattacked on both sides of the 6th Armys flanks and destroyed the Romanian 3rd and 4th Armies . The Soviet pincers then linked up , thereby surrounding and ultimately destroying the 6th Army . The 11th Army was de-activated on 21 November 1942 and was used to form the newly created Army Group Don . Order of Battle During the Battle for Sevastopol . The 11th Army , during the battle of Sevastopol , consisted of nine German infantry divisions ( including two taken on strength during the battle ) , in two corps , and two Romanian rifle corps , plus various supporting elements , including 150 tanks , several hundred aircraft and one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fielded by the Wehrmacht . - LIV Corps - 22nd Infantry Division - commanded by General der Infanterie Ludwig Wolff - 24th Infantry Division - 50th Infantry Division - 132nd Infantry Division - XXX Corps - commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Salmuth - 28th Light Division - 72nd Infantry Division - 170th Infantry Division - Romanian Mountain Corps - commanded by Major General Gheorghe Avramescu - 1st Mountain Division - 4th Mountain Division - 18th Infantry Division October 1944 to April 1945 . The 11th SS Panzer Army ( SS panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . ) , was not much more than a paper formation formed between November 1944 and February 1945 by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler while he was commander of Army Group Vistula.The historian Antony Beevor wrote that , when the 11th SS Panzer Army was created , the available units could constitute a corps at best , But panzer army observed Eismann has a better ring to it . It also allowed Himmler to promote SS officers to senior staff and field commands within the formation . Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner , probably the best SS officer available , was named its commander . The formation was officially listed as the 11th Army but it was also known as SS Panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . and is often referred to in English as the 11th SS Panzer Army . After fighting east of the Oder River during February 1945 , the 11th was assigned to OB West , reorganized , and given command of new units , for combat against the Western Allies in March 1945 . After fighting in the vicinity of the Weser River and the Harz mountains , the 11th surrendered on April 21 . |
[
""
] | easy | 11th Army (Wehrmacht) was managed or directed by whom from 1945 to Mar 1945? | /wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)#P1037#2 | 11th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 11th Army ( ) was a World War II field army . History . The 11th Army was established on 5 October 1940 as Kommandostab Leipzig , but changed its designation to Kommandostab München on 23 April 1941 . It was restructured into Heeresgruppe Don on 21 November 1942 . After being reformed on 26 January 1945 and taking part in various counter-offensives against the Soviet and US advance , the army surrendered to American troops on 23 April 1945 . Formation . The 11th Army was activated in 1940 to prepare for the forthcoming German attack on the Soviet Union . The 11th Army was part of Army Group South when it invaded the USSR during Operation Barbarossa . In September 1941 , Erich von Manstein was appointed its commander . His predecessor , Colonel-General Eugen Ritter von Schobert , perished when his Fieseler Storch aircraft landed in a Soviet minefield . At the start of Barbarossa , the 11th Army order of battle included : - LIV Corps - 50th Infantry division - 170th Infantry division - 138th Artillery brigade - 190th Assault Gun battalion - 197th Assault Gun battalion - 46th Combat Engineer battalion - 744th Combat Engineer battalion - 454th Corps Signal battalion - XXX Corps - 198th Infantry division - 14th Infantry division ( Romanian ) - 5th Cavalry brigade ( Romanian ) - 249th Assault Gun battalion - 610th Anti-aircraft Artillery battalion - 70th Nebelwerfer battalion ( 150 mm mortars 280 mm guns ) - 110th Artillery brigade - 690th Field Engineer regiment - 430th Corps Signal battalion - 430th Corps Supply battalion - 430th Corps Cartographic battalion - XI Corps - 76th Infantry division - 239th Infantry division - Army reserves and other assets - 22nd Infantry division - Railroad operations command - 19th Construction brigade - 300th Tank battalion - 617th Cartography battalion - 756th Traffic controllers battalion - 766th Artillery regiment - 926th Construction command - 558th Army Communications regiment - 693rd Propaganda company The 11th Army was tasked with invading the Crimea and the pursuit of enemy forces on the flank of Army Group South during its advance into the Soviet Union . The 11th Army order of battle included three Corps : XXX Corps , which was composed of the 22nd , 72nd and Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler divisions and the XI Corps , consisting of the 170th Infantry Division and the 1st and 4th Mountain Divisions ; and LIVth Corps , consisting of the 46th , 73rd and 50th Infantry Divisions . The latter formation had been in charge of the advance into the Crimean peninsula earlier in September . The Romanian 3rd Army , three Mountain brigades and three cavalry brigades , were also under von Mansteins command . Einsatzgruppe D was attached to the 11th Army . Battle of Sevastopol . The 11th Army fought in southern USSR from 1941 until mid-summer 1942 and laid siege to Sevastopol . It did not take part in Fall Blau when Army Group South attacked in Southern Russia towards the Caucasus and Stalingrad . The 11th Army cut the Soviets off from the sea at Sevastopol , thus sealing the fate of the remaining defenders . After a 248-day-long siege , an estimated 100,000 prisoners marched into captivity . For his achievements in this battle , Manstein was promoted to field marshal . A grateful Adolf Hitler also authorized the Crimean Shield to commemorate the efforts of the 11th Army . It was a costly victory , however : the 11th Armys casualties and material losses were so high it was no longer a viable fighting force in its own right . Manstein recommended that the 11th Army either cross the straits of Kerch and push into the Kuban area to aid in the capture of Rostov , or be placed into Army Group South reserve . Instead , part of the 11th Army , along with the heavy siege train , was transferred to Army Group North . Ordered to oversee Leningrads reduction , Manstein transferred with them . The remainder of the 11th Army was parcelled out to Army Group Center and Army Group South . This breakup of the 11th Army and its disappearance from the order of battle of Army Group South would have dire consequences for Nazi Germany . During the course of the following fall and winter of 1942 , the Battle of Stalingrad took place . The Luftwaffe had largely reduced the city to rubble and the presence of the Volga behind the city made it virtually impossible for the Germans to follow the classical dual pincer envelopment strategy . The Red Army now opted hugging tactics , ( keeping the front lines as close to the Axis forces as possible ) , thereby rendering tanks , aircraft , and artillery largely redundant , and placing the entire responsibility on the infantry . Although the 6th Army had managed to capture most of the city and had pushed the Soviets to the banks of the Volga river in several places , it needed several more infantry divisions ( as explained above ) , to take the city completely . In spite of repeated requests to the German high command , the 6th Army was not reinforced because no other reinforcements were available in the region , or close enough to support them . As the battle grew more intense , the Soviets counterattacked on both sides of the 6th Armys flanks and destroyed the Romanian 3rd and 4th Armies . The Soviet pincers then linked up , thereby surrounding and ultimately destroying the 6th Army . The 11th Army was de-activated on 21 November 1942 and was used to form the newly created Army Group Don . Order of Battle During the Battle for Sevastopol . The 11th Army , during the battle of Sevastopol , consisted of nine German infantry divisions ( including two taken on strength during the battle ) , in two corps , and two Romanian rifle corps , plus various supporting elements , including 150 tanks , several hundred aircraft and one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fielded by the Wehrmacht . - LIV Corps - 22nd Infantry Division - commanded by General der Infanterie Ludwig Wolff - 24th Infantry Division - 50th Infantry Division - 132nd Infantry Division - XXX Corps - commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Salmuth - 28th Light Division - 72nd Infantry Division - 170th Infantry Division - Romanian Mountain Corps - commanded by Major General Gheorghe Avramescu - 1st Mountain Division - 4th Mountain Division - 18th Infantry Division October 1944 to April 1945 . The 11th SS Panzer Army ( SS panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . ) , was not much more than a paper formation formed between November 1944 and February 1945 by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler while he was commander of Army Group Vistula.The historian Antony Beevor wrote that , when the 11th SS Panzer Army was created , the available units could constitute a corps at best , But panzer army observed Eismann has a better ring to it . It also allowed Himmler to promote SS officers to senior staff and field commands within the formation . Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner , probably the best SS officer available , was named its commander . The formation was officially listed as the 11th Army but it was also known as SS Panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . and is often referred to in English as the 11th SS Panzer Army . After fighting east of the Oder River during February 1945 , the 11th was assigned to OB West , reorganized , and given command of new units , for combat against the Western Allies in March 1945 . After fighting in the vicinity of the Weser River and the Harz mountains , the 11th surrendered on April 21 . |
[
""
] | easy | Who was the director or manager of 11th Army (Wehrmacht) in Apr 1945? | /wiki/11th_Army_(Wehrmacht)#P1037#3 | 11th Army ( Wehrmacht ) The 11th Army ( ) was a World War II field army . History . The 11th Army was established on 5 October 1940 as Kommandostab Leipzig , but changed its designation to Kommandostab München on 23 April 1941 . It was restructured into Heeresgruppe Don on 21 November 1942 . After being reformed on 26 January 1945 and taking part in various counter-offensives against the Soviet and US advance , the army surrendered to American troops on 23 April 1945 . Formation . The 11th Army was activated in 1940 to prepare for the forthcoming German attack on the Soviet Union . The 11th Army was part of Army Group South when it invaded the USSR during Operation Barbarossa . In September 1941 , Erich von Manstein was appointed its commander . His predecessor , Colonel-General Eugen Ritter von Schobert , perished when his Fieseler Storch aircraft landed in a Soviet minefield . At the start of Barbarossa , the 11th Army order of battle included : - LIV Corps - 50th Infantry division - 170th Infantry division - 138th Artillery brigade - 190th Assault Gun battalion - 197th Assault Gun battalion - 46th Combat Engineer battalion - 744th Combat Engineer battalion - 454th Corps Signal battalion - XXX Corps - 198th Infantry division - 14th Infantry division ( Romanian ) - 5th Cavalry brigade ( Romanian ) - 249th Assault Gun battalion - 610th Anti-aircraft Artillery battalion - 70th Nebelwerfer battalion ( 150 mm mortars 280 mm guns ) - 110th Artillery brigade - 690th Field Engineer regiment - 430th Corps Signal battalion - 430th Corps Supply battalion - 430th Corps Cartographic battalion - XI Corps - 76th Infantry division - 239th Infantry division - Army reserves and other assets - 22nd Infantry division - Railroad operations command - 19th Construction brigade - 300th Tank battalion - 617th Cartography battalion - 756th Traffic controllers battalion - 766th Artillery regiment - 926th Construction command - 558th Army Communications regiment - 693rd Propaganda company The 11th Army was tasked with invading the Crimea and the pursuit of enemy forces on the flank of Army Group South during its advance into the Soviet Union . The 11th Army order of battle included three Corps : XXX Corps , which was composed of the 22nd , 72nd and Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler divisions and the XI Corps , consisting of the 170th Infantry Division and the 1st and 4th Mountain Divisions ; and LIVth Corps , consisting of the 46th , 73rd and 50th Infantry Divisions . The latter formation had been in charge of the advance into the Crimean peninsula earlier in September . The Romanian 3rd Army , three Mountain brigades and three cavalry brigades , were also under von Mansteins command . Einsatzgruppe D was attached to the 11th Army . Battle of Sevastopol . The 11th Army fought in southern USSR from 1941 until mid-summer 1942 and laid siege to Sevastopol . It did not take part in Fall Blau when Army Group South attacked in Southern Russia towards the Caucasus and Stalingrad . The 11th Army cut the Soviets off from the sea at Sevastopol , thus sealing the fate of the remaining defenders . After a 248-day-long siege , an estimated 100,000 prisoners marched into captivity . For his achievements in this battle , Manstein was promoted to field marshal . A grateful Adolf Hitler also authorized the Crimean Shield to commemorate the efforts of the 11th Army . It was a costly victory , however : the 11th Armys casualties and material losses were so high it was no longer a viable fighting force in its own right . Manstein recommended that the 11th Army either cross the straits of Kerch and push into the Kuban area to aid in the capture of Rostov , or be placed into Army Group South reserve . Instead , part of the 11th Army , along with the heavy siege train , was transferred to Army Group North . Ordered to oversee Leningrads reduction , Manstein transferred with them . The remainder of the 11th Army was parcelled out to Army Group Center and Army Group South . This breakup of the 11th Army and its disappearance from the order of battle of Army Group South would have dire consequences for Nazi Germany . During the course of the following fall and winter of 1942 , the Battle of Stalingrad took place . The Luftwaffe had largely reduced the city to rubble and the presence of the Volga behind the city made it virtually impossible for the Germans to follow the classical dual pincer envelopment strategy . The Red Army now opted hugging tactics , ( keeping the front lines as close to the Axis forces as possible ) , thereby rendering tanks , aircraft , and artillery largely redundant , and placing the entire responsibility on the infantry . Although the 6th Army had managed to capture most of the city and had pushed the Soviets to the banks of the Volga river in several places , it needed several more infantry divisions ( as explained above ) , to take the city completely . In spite of repeated requests to the German high command , the 6th Army was not reinforced because no other reinforcements were available in the region , or close enough to support them . As the battle grew more intense , the Soviets counterattacked on both sides of the 6th Armys flanks and destroyed the Romanian 3rd and 4th Armies . The Soviet pincers then linked up , thereby surrounding and ultimately destroying the 6th Army . The 11th Army was de-activated on 21 November 1942 and was used to form the newly created Army Group Don . Order of Battle During the Battle for Sevastopol . The 11th Army , during the battle of Sevastopol , consisted of nine German infantry divisions ( including two taken on strength during the battle ) , in two corps , and two Romanian rifle corps , plus various supporting elements , including 150 tanks , several hundred aircraft and one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fielded by the Wehrmacht . - LIV Corps - 22nd Infantry Division - commanded by General der Infanterie Ludwig Wolff - 24th Infantry Division - 50th Infantry Division - 132nd Infantry Division - XXX Corps - commanded by General der Infanterie Hans von Salmuth - 28th Light Division - 72nd Infantry Division - 170th Infantry Division - Romanian Mountain Corps - commanded by Major General Gheorghe Avramescu - 1st Mountain Division - 4th Mountain Division - 18th Infantry Division October 1944 to April 1945 . The 11th SS Panzer Army ( SS panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . ) , was not much more than a paper formation formed between November 1944 and February 1945 by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler while he was commander of Army Group Vistula.The historian Antony Beevor wrote that , when the 11th SS Panzer Army was created , the available units could constitute a corps at best , But panzer army observed Eismann has a better ring to it . It also allowed Himmler to promote SS officers to senior staff and field commands within the formation . Obergruppenführer Felix Steiner , probably the best SS officer available , was named its commander . The formation was officially listed as the 11th Army but it was also known as SS Panzer-Armeeoberkommando 11 . and is often referred to in English as the 11th SS Panzer Army . After fighting east of the Oder River during February 1945 , the 11th was assigned to OB West , reorganized , and given command of new units , for combat against the Western Allies in March 1945 . After fighting in the vicinity of the Weser River and the Harz mountains , the 11th surrendered on April 21 . |
[
"Sydney FC"
] | easy | Which team did Brendan Gan play for from 2008 to 2011? | /wiki/Brendan_Gan#P54#0 | Brendan Gan Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( ; born 3 June 1988 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Selangor and the Malaysia national team . Club career . Gan began playing football for his local club , the Marton Hammers before he signed for the Sutherland Sharks in 2000 when he was twelve years old and came up through their youth grades to make his senior debut for the club in 2008 . It was this debut season that shot Gan to prominence within the local media which brought with it a growing reputation to match . He did not disappoint with dazzling performances week in week out which eventually led him to being crowned the New South Wales Premier League player of the year , taking out the Gold Medal award for the competition . Sydney FC . He was signed by Sydney FC for their inaugural National Youth League squad ahead of competition from rival A-League clubs . On 28 November 2008 , Gan made his debut for Sydney FC against Queensland Roar with a 5-minute cameo where he caught the eye . On 7 December , he scored the winning goal in the 78th minute for Sydney FC against the Newcastle Jets to give them their first win in 7 games . Gan was given his full senior debut on 13 December against Central Coast Mariners . He scored his second senior goal against Melbourne Victory with a long range strike from outside the penalty area . Gan scored his third senior goal against Wellington Phoenix with a powerful header from a corner . This goal gave Sydney FC a 2–0 win over Wellington and placed them on the top of the table , leapfrogging Gold Coast United . On 2 December 2010 , in only his second start for the season , he scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win , once again over Wellington Phoenix . He was released from Sydney , along with several other players at the end of Sydneys 2011 Asian Champions League campaign . Bonnyrigg White Eagles . Gan signed for Bonnyrigg White Eagles in the NSW Premier League , and made his debut in the Round 15 game against Sydney United . Sabah FA . On 17 November 2011 , Brendan joined the Malaysian club , Sabah as one of the two foreign players allowed in the 2012 Malaysia Super League . Brendan , alongside his fellow countrymen , Michael Baird signed a one-year contract with Sabah . Rockdale City Suns . Brendan signed with Rockdale City Suns FC NSW Premier League the next season since no contract extension was offered by Sabah . With this opportunity , he confirmed his intention to return to the A-League . Kelantan FA . In November 2013 , Brendan returned to Malaysia and signed three years contract with Kelantan . He was supposed to be registered as a local player for Kelantan but did not get the approval from FAM because according to FAM any player to be registered as local player required to have Malaysian identity card or passport . On 6 April , he officially obtained an identity card and registered by Kelantan as a local player on April transfer window . He made his debut during the match between Kelantan against Terengganu which ended with both side had a draw 1–1 . In the first game of the 2015 Malaysia Super League Gan suffered a serious torn ACL in his right knee that will keep him out for most of the 2015 season . In September 2016 Gan suffered another ACL injury , this time in his left knee which is expected to keep him out for 10 months , ruling him out for the 2016 AFF Championship . International career . Gan debuted for Malaysia on 24 March 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Saudi Arabia . Honours . Kelantan - Malaysia Cup runner-up : 2015 Perak - Malaysia Cup : 2018 |
[
"Bonnyrigg White Eagles"
] | easy | Which team did the player Brendan Gan belong to from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Brendan_Gan#P54#1 | Brendan Gan Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( ; born 3 June 1988 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Selangor and the Malaysia national team . Club career . Gan began playing football for his local club , the Marton Hammers before he signed for the Sutherland Sharks in 2000 when he was twelve years old and came up through their youth grades to make his senior debut for the club in 2008 . It was this debut season that shot Gan to prominence within the local media which brought with it a growing reputation to match . He did not disappoint with dazzling performances week in week out which eventually led him to being crowned the New South Wales Premier League player of the year , taking out the Gold Medal award for the competition . Sydney FC . He was signed by Sydney FC for their inaugural National Youth League squad ahead of competition from rival A-League clubs . On 28 November 2008 , Gan made his debut for Sydney FC against Queensland Roar with a 5-minute cameo where he caught the eye . On 7 December , he scored the winning goal in the 78th minute for Sydney FC against the Newcastle Jets to give them their first win in 7 games . Gan was given his full senior debut on 13 December against Central Coast Mariners . He scored his second senior goal against Melbourne Victory with a long range strike from outside the penalty area . Gan scored his third senior goal against Wellington Phoenix with a powerful header from a corner . This goal gave Sydney FC a 2–0 win over Wellington and placed them on the top of the table , leapfrogging Gold Coast United . On 2 December 2010 , in only his second start for the season , he scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win , once again over Wellington Phoenix . He was released from Sydney , along with several other players at the end of Sydneys 2011 Asian Champions League campaign . Bonnyrigg White Eagles . Gan signed for Bonnyrigg White Eagles in the NSW Premier League , and made his debut in the Round 15 game against Sydney United . Sabah FA . On 17 November 2011 , Brendan joined the Malaysian club , Sabah as one of the two foreign players allowed in the 2012 Malaysia Super League . Brendan , alongside his fellow countrymen , Michael Baird signed a one-year contract with Sabah . Rockdale City Suns . Brendan signed with Rockdale City Suns FC NSW Premier League the next season since no contract extension was offered by Sabah . With this opportunity , he confirmed his intention to return to the A-League . Kelantan FA . In November 2013 , Brendan returned to Malaysia and signed three years contract with Kelantan . He was supposed to be registered as a local player for Kelantan but did not get the approval from FAM because according to FAM any player to be registered as local player required to have Malaysian identity card or passport . On 6 April , he officially obtained an identity card and registered by Kelantan as a local player on April transfer window . He made his debut during the match between Kelantan against Terengganu which ended with both side had a draw 1–1 . In the first game of the 2015 Malaysia Super League Gan suffered a serious torn ACL in his right knee that will keep him out for most of the 2015 season . In September 2016 Gan suffered another ACL injury , this time in his left knee which is expected to keep him out for 10 months , ruling him out for the 2016 AFF Championship . International career . Gan debuted for Malaysia on 24 March 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Saudi Arabia . Honours . Kelantan - Malaysia Cup runner-up : 2015 Perak - Malaysia Cup : 2018 |
[
"Sabah FA"
] | easy | Which team did the player Brendan Gan belong to from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Brendan_Gan#P54#2 | Brendan Gan Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( ; born 3 June 1988 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Selangor and the Malaysia national team . Club career . Gan began playing football for his local club , the Marton Hammers before he signed for the Sutherland Sharks in 2000 when he was twelve years old and came up through their youth grades to make his senior debut for the club in 2008 . It was this debut season that shot Gan to prominence within the local media which brought with it a growing reputation to match . He did not disappoint with dazzling performances week in week out which eventually led him to being crowned the New South Wales Premier League player of the year , taking out the Gold Medal award for the competition . Sydney FC . He was signed by Sydney FC for their inaugural National Youth League squad ahead of competition from rival A-League clubs . On 28 November 2008 , Gan made his debut for Sydney FC against Queensland Roar with a 5-minute cameo where he caught the eye . On 7 December , he scored the winning goal in the 78th minute for Sydney FC against the Newcastle Jets to give them their first win in 7 games . Gan was given his full senior debut on 13 December against Central Coast Mariners . He scored his second senior goal against Melbourne Victory with a long range strike from outside the penalty area . Gan scored his third senior goal against Wellington Phoenix with a powerful header from a corner . This goal gave Sydney FC a 2–0 win over Wellington and placed them on the top of the table , leapfrogging Gold Coast United . On 2 December 2010 , in only his second start for the season , he scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win , once again over Wellington Phoenix . He was released from Sydney , along with several other players at the end of Sydneys 2011 Asian Champions League campaign . Bonnyrigg White Eagles . Gan signed for Bonnyrigg White Eagles in the NSW Premier League , and made his debut in the Round 15 game against Sydney United . Sabah FA . On 17 November 2011 , Brendan joined the Malaysian club , Sabah as one of the two foreign players allowed in the 2012 Malaysia Super League . Brendan , alongside his fellow countrymen , Michael Baird signed a one-year contract with Sabah . Rockdale City Suns . Brendan signed with Rockdale City Suns FC NSW Premier League the next season since no contract extension was offered by Sabah . With this opportunity , he confirmed his intention to return to the A-League . Kelantan FA . In November 2013 , Brendan returned to Malaysia and signed three years contract with Kelantan . He was supposed to be registered as a local player for Kelantan but did not get the approval from FAM because according to FAM any player to be registered as local player required to have Malaysian identity card or passport . On 6 April , he officially obtained an identity card and registered by Kelantan as a local player on April transfer window . He made his debut during the match between Kelantan against Terengganu which ended with both side had a draw 1–1 . In the first game of the 2015 Malaysia Super League Gan suffered a serious torn ACL in his right knee that will keep him out for most of the 2015 season . In September 2016 Gan suffered another ACL injury , this time in his left knee which is expected to keep him out for 10 months , ruling him out for the 2016 AFF Championship . International career . Gan debuted for Malaysia on 24 March 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Saudi Arabia . Honours . Kelantan - Malaysia Cup runner-up : 2015 Perak - Malaysia Cup : 2018 |
[
"Rockdale City Suns"
] | easy | Which team did Brendan Gan play for from 2013 to 2014? | /wiki/Brendan_Gan#P54#3 | Brendan Gan Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( ; born 3 June 1988 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Selangor and the Malaysia national team . Club career . Gan began playing football for his local club , the Marton Hammers before he signed for the Sutherland Sharks in 2000 when he was twelve years old and came up through their youth grades to make his senior debut for the club in 2008 . It was this debut season that shot Gan to prominence within the local media which brought with it a growing reputation to match . He did not disappoint with dazzling performances week in week out which eventually led him to being crowned the New South Wales Premier League player of the year , taking out the Gold Medal award for the competition . Sydney FC . He was signed by Sydney FC for their inaugural National Youth League squad ahead of competition from rival A-League clubs . On 28 November 2008 , Gan made his debut for Sydney FC against Queensland Roar with a 5-minute cameo where he caught the eye . On 7 December , he scored the winning goal in the 78th minute for Sydney FC against the Newcastle Jets to give them their first win in 7 games . Gan was given his full senior debut on 13 December against Central Coast Mariners . He scored his second senior goal against Melbourne Victory with a long range strike from outside the penalty area . Gan scored his third senior goal against Wellington Phoenix with a powerful header from a corner . This goal gave Sydney FC a 2–0 win over Wellington and placed them on the top of the table , leapfrogging Gold Coast United . On 2 December 2010 , in only his second start for the season , he scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win , once again over Wellington Phoenix . He was released from Sydney , along with several other players at the end of Sydneys 2011 Asian Champions League campaign . Bonnyrigg White Eagles . Gan signed for Bonnyrigg White Eagles in the NSW Premier League , and made his debut in the Round 15 game against Sydney United . Sabah FA . On 17 November 2011 , Brendan joined the Malaysian club , Sabah as one of the two foreign players allowed in the 2012 Malaysia Super League . Brendan , alongside his fellow countrymen , Michael Baird signed a one-year contract with Sabah . Rockdale City Suns . Brendan signed with Rockdale City Suns FC NSW Premier League the next season since no contract extension was offered by Sabah . With this opportunity , he confirmed his intention to return to the A-League . Kelantan FA . In November 2013 , Brendan returned to Malaysia and signed three years contract with Kelantan . He was supposed to be registered as a local player for Kelantan but did not get the approval from FAM because according to FAM any player to be registered as local player required to have Malaysian identity card or passport . On 6 April , he officially obtained an identity card and registered by Kelantan as a local player on April transfer window . He made his debut during the match between Kelantan against Terengganu which ended with both side had a draw 1–1 . In the first game of the 2015 Malaysia Super League Gan suffered a serious torn ACL in his right knee that will keep him out for most of the 2015 season . In September 2016 Gan suffered another ACL injury , this time in his left knee which is expected to keep him out for 10 months , ruling him out for the 2016 AFF Championship . International career . Gan debuted for Malaysia on 24 March 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Saudi Arabia . Honours . Kelantan - Malaysia Cup runner-up : 2015 Perak - Malaysia Cup : 2018 |
[
"Kelantan FA"
] | easy | Brendan Gan played for which team from 2014 to 2015? | /wiki/Brendan_Gan#P54#4 | Brendan Gan Brendan Gan Seng Ling ( ; born 3 June 1988 ) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Selangor and the Malaysia national team . Club career . Gan began playing football for his local club , the Marton Hammers before he signed for the Sutherland Sharks in 2000 when he was twelve years old and came up through their youth grades to make his senior debut for the club in 2008 . It was this debut season that shot Gan to prominence within the local media which brought with it a growing reputation to match . He did not disappoint with dazzling performances week in week out which eventually led him to being crowned the New South Wales Premier League player of the year , taking out the Gold Medal award for the competition . Sydney FC . He was signed by Sydney FC for their inaugural National Youth League squad ahead of competition from rival A-League clubs . On 28 November 2008 , Gan made his debut for Sydney FC against Queensland Roar with a 5-minute cameo where he caught the eye . On 7 December , he scored the winning goal in the 78th minute for Sydney FC against the Newcastle Jets to give them their first win in 7 games . Gan was given his full senior debut on 13 December against Central Coast Mariners . He scored his second senior goal against Melbourne Victory with a long range strike from outside the penalty area . Gan scored his third senior goal against Wellington Phoenix with a powerful header from a corner . This goal gave Sydney FC a 2–0 win over Wellington and placed them on the top of the table , leapfrogging Gold Coast United . On 2 December 2010 , in only his second start for the season , he scored the opening goal in a 3–1 win , once again over Wellington Phoenix . He was released from Sydney , along with several other players at the end of Sydneys 2011 Asian Champions League campaign . Bonnyrigg White Eagles . Gan signed for Bonnyrigg White Eagles in the NSW Premier League , and made his debut in the Round 15 game against Sydney United . Sabah FA . On 17 November 2011 , Brendan joined the Malaysian club , Sabah as one of the two foreign players allowed in the 2012 Malaysia Super League . Brendan , alongside his fellow countrymen , Michael Baird signed a one-year contract with Sabah . Rockdale City Suns . Brendan signed with Rockdale City Suns FC NSW Premier League the next season since no contract extension was offered by Sabah . With this opportunity , he confirmed his intention to return to the A-League . Kelantan FA . In November 2013 , Brendan returned to Malaysia and signed three years contract with Kelantan . He was supposed to be registered as a local player for Kelantan but did not get the approval from FAM because according to FAM any player to be registered as local player required to have Malaysian identity card or passport . On 6 April , he officially obtained an identity card and registered by Kelantan as a local player on April transfer window . He made his debut during the match between Kelantan against Terengganu which ended with both side had a draw 1–1 . In the first game of the 2015 Malaysia Super League Gan suffered a serious torn ACL in his right knee that will keep him out for most of the 2015 season . In September 2016 Gan suffered another ACL injury , this time in his left knee which is expected to keep him out for 10 months , ruling him out for the 2016 AFF Championship . International career . Gan debuted for Malaysia on 24 March 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Saudi Arabia . Honours . Kelantan - Malaysia Cup runner-up : 2015 Perak - Malaysia Cup : 2018 |
[
"Bell Labs"
] | easy | John R. Pierce was an employee for whom from 1936 to 1970? | /wiki/John_R._Pierce#P108#0 | John R . Pierce John Robinson Pierce ( March 27 , 1910 – April 2 , 2002 ) , was an American engineer and author . He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication , microwave technology , computer music , psychoacoustics , and science fiction . As a sideline to his professional career he wrote science fiction for many years under various names : John Pierce , John R . Pierce , and J . J . Coupling . Born in Des Moines , Iowa , he earned his PhD from Caltech , and died in Sunnyvale , California , from complications of Parkinsons Disease . At Bell Labs . Pierce wrote on electronics and information theory , and developed jointly the concept of pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) with his Bell Labs colleagues Barney Oliver and Claude Shannon . He supervised the Bell Labs team which built the first transistor , and at the request of one of them , Walter Brattain , coined the term transistor ; he recalled : Pierces early work at Bell Labs was on vacuum tubes of all sorts . During World War II he discovered the work of Rudolf Kompfner in a British radar lab , where Kompfner had invented the traveling-wave tube ; Pierce worked out the math for this broadband amplifier device , and wrote a book about it , after hiring Kompfner for Bell Labs . He later recounted that Rudy Kompfner invented the traveling-wave tube , but I discovered it . According to Kompfners book , the statement Rudi invented the traveling-wave tube , and John discovered it was due to Dr . Eugene G . Fubini , quoted in The New Yorker Profile on Pierce , September 21 , 1963 . Pierce is widely credited for saying Nature abhors a vacuum tube , but Pierce attributed that quip to Myron Glass . Others say that quip was commonly heard at the Bell Laboratories prior to the invention of the transistor . Other famous Pierce quips are Funding artificial intelligence is real stupidity , I thought of it the first time I saw it , and After growing wildly for years , the field of computing appears to be reaching its infancy . The National Inventors Hall of Fame has honored Bernard M . Oliver and Claude Shannon as the inventors of PCM , as described in Communication System Employing Pulse Code Modulation , filed in 1946 and 1952 , granted in 1956 . Another patent by the same title was filed by John Pierce in 1945 , and issued in 1948 : . The three of them published The Philosophy of PCM in 1948 . Pierce did significant research into satellites , including an important leadership role ( as executive director of Bells Research-Communications Principles Division ) in the development of the first commercial communications satellite , Telstar 1 . In fact , although Arthur C . Clarke was the first to propose geostationary communications satellites , Pierce seems to have arrived at the idea independently and may have been the first to discuss unmanned communications satellites . Clarke himself characterized Pierce as one of the two fathers of the communications satellite ( along with Harold Rosen ) . See ECHO – Americas First Communications Satellite ( reprinted from SMEC Vintage Electrics Volume 2 #1 ) for some details on his original contributions . Pierce led the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee that produced the ALPAC report , which had the effect of curtailing most funding for work on machine translation in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Life after Bell Labs . After leaving Bell Laboratories , he joined Caltech as a professor of electrical engineering in 1971 . Shortly thereafter , he also took the position of Chief Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . In 1980 he retired from Caltech and moved to his final position at Stanfords CCRMA . Here he was prominent in the research of computer music , as a Visiting Professor of Music , Emeritus ( along with John Chowning and Max Mathews ) . It was at Stanford that he became an independent co-discoverer of the non-octave musical scale that he later named the Bohlen–Pierce scale . Many of Pierces technical books were written at a level intended to introduce a semi-technical audience to modern technical topics . Among them are Electrons , Waves , and Messages ; An Introduction to Information Theory : Symbols , Signals , and Noise ; Waves and Ear ; Mans World of Sound ; Quantum Electronics ; and Signals : The Science of Telecommunication . In 1960 , Pierce was awarded the Stuart Ballantine Medal . In 1962 , Pierce received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1963 , Pierce received the IEEE Edison Medal for his pioneer work and leadership in satellite communications and for his stimulus and contributions to electron optics , travelling wave tube theory , and the control of noise in electron streams . In 1975 , he received the IEEE Medal of Honor for his pioneering concrete proposals and the realization of satellite communication experiments , and for contributions in theory and design of traveling wave tubes and in electron beam optics essential to this success . In 1985 , he was one of the first two recipients of the Japan Prize for outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies . Personal life . Besides his technical books , Pierce wrote science fiction under the pseudonym J.J . Coupling , which refers to the total angular momenta of individual particles . John Pierce also had an early interest in gliding and assisted in the development of the Long Beach Glider Club in Los Angeles , one of the earliest glider clubs in the United States . According to Richard Hamming you couldnt talk to John Pierce without being stimulated very quickly . Pierce had been a resident of Berkeley Heights , New Jersey , Pasadena , California , and later of Palo Alto , California . In his later years , as a Visiting Professor at Stanford Universitys Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics , he and his wife Brenda were known for holding dinner parties in their Palo Alto home , in which they would invite an eclectic mix of guests and lead lively discussions on topics ranging from space exploration to politics , health care , and 20th-century music . One such dinner party was reported in This Is Your Brain On Music , written by Pierces former student Daniel Levitin . The papers of John R . Pierce are at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . At his death Pierce was survived by his wife Brenda ; a son , science fiction editor John Jeremy Pierce ; and a daughter , Elizabeth Anne Pierce . |
[
"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer John R. Pierce work for from 1970 to 1980? | /wiki/John_R._Pierce#P108#1 | John R . Pierce John Robinson Pierce ( March 27 , 1910 – April 2 , 2002 ) , was an American engineer and author . He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication , microwave technology , computer music , psychoacoustics , and science fiction . As a sideline to his professional career he wrote science fiction for many years under various names : John Pierce , John R . Pierce , and J . J . Coupling . Born in Des Moines , Iowa , he earned his PhD from Caltech , and died in Sunnyvale , California , from complications of Parkinsons Disease . At Bell Labs . Pierce wrote on electronics and information theory , and developed jointly the concept of pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) with his Bell Labs colleagues Barney Oliver and Claude Shannon . He supervised the Bell Labs team which built the first transistor , and at the request of one of them , Walter Brattain , coined the term transistor ; he recalled : Pierces early work at Bell Labs was on vacuum tubes of all sorts . During World War II he discovered the work of Rudolf Kompfner in a British radar lab , where Kompfner had invented the traveling-wave tube ; Pierce worked out the math for this broadband amplifier device , and wrote a book about it , after hiring Kompfner for Bell Labs . He later recounted that Rudy Kompfner invented the traveling-wave tube , but I discovered it . According to Kompfners book , the statement Rudi invented the traveling-wave tube , and John discovered it was due to Dr . Eugene G . Fubini , quoted in The New Yorker Profile on Pierce , September 21 , 1963 . Pierce is widely credited for saying Nature abhors a vacuum tube , but Pierce attributed that quip to Myron Glass . Others say that quip was commonly heard at the Bell Laboratories prior to the invention of the transistor . Other famous Pierce quips are Funding artificial intelligence is real stupidity , I thought of it the first time I saw it , and After growing wildly for years , the field of computing appears to be reaching its infancy . The National Inventors Hall of Fame has honored Bernard M . Oliver and Claude Shannon as the inventors of PCM , as described in Communication System Employing Pulse Code Modulation , filed in 1946 and 1952 , granted in 1956 . Another patent by the same title was filed by John Pierce in 1945 , and issued in 1948 : . The three of them published The Philosophy of PCM in 1948 . Pierce did significant research into satellites , including an important leadership role ( as executive director of Bells Research-Communications Principles Division ) in the development of the first commercial communications satellite , Telstar 1 . In fact , although Arthur C . Clarke was the first to propose geostationary communications satellites , Pierce seems to have arrived at the idea independently and may have been the first to discuss unmanned communications satellites . Clarke himself characterized Pierce as one of the two fathers of the communications satellite ( along with Harold Rosen ) . See ECHO – Americas First Communications Satellite ( reprinted from SMEC Vintage Electrics Volume 2 #1 ) for some details on his original contributions . Pierce led the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee that produced the ALPAC report , which had the effect of curtailing most funding for work on machine translation in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Life after Bell Labs . After leaving Bell Laboratories , he joined Caltech as a professor of electrical engineering in 1971 . Shortly thereafter , he also took the position of Chief Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . In 1980 he retired from Caltech and moved to his final position at Stanfords CCRMA . Here he was prominent in the research of computer music , as a Visiting Professor of Music , Emeritus ( along with John Chowning and Max Mathews ) . It was at Stanford that he became an independent co-discoverer of the non-octave musical scale that he later named the Bohlen–Pierce scale . Many of Pierces technical books were written at a level intended to introduce a semi-technical audience to modern technical topics . Among them are Electrons , Waves , and Messages ; An Introduction to Information Theory : Symbols , Signals , and Noise ; Waves and Ear ; Mans World of Sound ; Quantum Electronics ; and Signals : The Science of Telecommunication . In 1960 , Pierce was awarded the Stuart Ballantine Medal . In 1962 , Pierce received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1963 , Pierce received the IEEE Edison Medal for his pioneer work and leadership in satellite communications and for his stimulus and contributions to electron optics , travelling wave tube theory , and the control of noise in electron streams . In 1975 , he received the IEEE Medal of Honor for his pioneering concrete proposals and the realization of satellite communication experiments , and for contributions in theory and design of traveling wave tubes and in electron beam optics essential to this success . In 1985 , he was one of the first two recipients of the Japan Prize for outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies . Personal life . Besides his technical books , Pierce wrote science fiction under the pseudonym J.J . Coupling , which refers to the total angular momenta of individual particles . John Pierce also had an early interest in gliding and assisted in the development of the Long Beach Glider Club in Los Angeles , one of the earliest glider clubs in the United States . According to Richard Hamming you couldnt talk to John Pierce without being stimulated very quickly . Pierce had been a resident of Berkeley Heights , New Jersey , Pasadena , California , and later of Palo Alto , California . In his later years , as a Visiting Professor at Stanford Universitys Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics , he and his wife Brenda were known for holding dinner parties in their Palo Alto home , in which they would invite an eclectic mix of guests and lead lively discussions on topics ranging from space exploration to politics , health care , and 20th-century music . One such dinner party was reported in This Is Your Brain On Music , written by Pierces former student Daniel Levitin . The papers of John R . Pierce are at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . At his death Pierce was survived by his wife Brenda ; a son , science fiction editor John Jeremy Pierce ; and a daughter , Elizabeth Anne Pierce . |
[
"Stanfords CCRMA"
] | easy | Who did John R. Pierce work for from 1980 to 1981? | /wiki/John_R._Pierce#P108#2 | John R . Pierce John Robinson Pierce ( March 27 , 1910 – April 2 , 2002 ) , was an American engineer and author . He worked extensively in the fields of radio communication , microwave technology , computer music , psychoacoustics , and science fiction . As a sideline to his professional career he wrote science fiction for many years under various names : John Pierce , John R . Pierce , and J . J . Coupling . Born in Des Moines , Iowa , he earned his PhD from Caltech , and died in Sunnyvale , California , from complications of Parkinsons Disease . At Bell Labs . Pierce wrote on electronics and information theory , and developed jointly the concept of pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) with his Bell Labs colleagues Barney Oliver and Claude Shannon . He supervised the Bell Labs team which built the first transistor , and at the request of one of them , Walter Brattain , coined the term transistor ; he recalled : Pierces early work at Bell Labs was on vacuum tubes of all sorts . During World War II he discovered the work of Rudolf Kompfner in a British radar lab , where Kompfner had invented the traveling-wave tube ; Pierce worked out the math for this broadband amplifier device , and wrote a book about it , after hiring Kompfner for Bell Labs . He later recounted that Rudy Kompfner invented the traveling-wave tube , but I discovered it . According to Kompfners book , the statement Rudi invented the traveling-wave tube , and John discovered it was due to Dr . Eugene G . Fubini , quoted in The New Yorker Profile on Pierce , September 21 , 1963 . Pierce is widely credited for saying Nature abhors a vacuum tube , but Pierce attributed that quip to Myron Glass . Others say that quip was commonly heard at the Bell Laboratories prior to the invention of the transistor . Other famous Pierce quips are Funding artificial intelligence is real stupidity , I thought of it the first time I saw it , and After growing wildly for years , the field of computing appears to be reaching its infancy . The National Inventors Hall of Fame has honored Bernard M . Oliver and Claude Shannon as the inventors of PCM , as described in Communication System Employing Pulse Code Modulation , filed in 1946 and 1952 , granted in 1956 . Another patent by the same title was filed by John Pierce in 1945 , and issued in 1948 : . The three of them published The Philosophy of PCM in 1948 . Pierce did significant research into satellites , including an important leadership role ( as executive director of Bells Research-Communications Principles Division ) in the development of the first commercial communications satellite , Telstar 1 . In fact , although Arthur C . Clarke was the first to propose geostationary communications satellites , Pierce seems to have arrived at the idea independently and may have been the first to discuss unmanned communications satellites . Clarke himself characterized Pierce as one of the two fathers of the communications satellite ( along with Harold Rosen ) . See ECHO – Americas First Communications Satellite ( reprinted from SMEC Vintage Electrics Volume 2 #1 ) for some details on his original contributions . Pierce led the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee that produced the ALPAC report , which had the effect of curtailing most funding for work on machine translation in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Life after Bell Labs . After leaving Bell Laboratories , he joined Caltech as a professor of electrical engineering in 1971 . Shortly thereafter , he also took the position of Chief Engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . In 1980 he retired from Caltech and moved to his final position at Stanfords CCRMA . Here he was prominent in the research of computer music , as a Visiting Professor of Music , Emeritus ( along with John Chowning and Max Mathews ) . It was at Stanford that he became an independent co-discoverer of the non-octave musical scale that he later named the Bohlen–Pierce scale . Many of Pierces technical books were written at a level intended to introduce a semi-technical audience to modern technical topics . Among them are Electrons , Waves , and Messages ; An Introduction to Information Theory : Symbols , Signals , and Noise ; Waves and Ear ; Mans World of Sound ; Quantum Electronics ; and Signals : The Science of Telecommunication . In 1960 , Pierce was awarded the Stuart Ballantine Medal . In 1962 , Pierce received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement . In 1963 , Pierce received the IEEE Edison Medal for his pioneer work and leadership in satellite communications and for his stimulus and contributions to electron optics , travelling wave tube theory , and the control of noise in electron streams . In 1975 , he received the IEEE Medal of Honor for his pioneering concrete proposals and the realization of satellite communication experiments , and for contributions in theory and design of traveling wave tubes and in electron beam optics essential to this success . In 1985 , he was one of the first two recipients of the Japan Prize for outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies . Personal life . Besides his technical books , Pierce wrote science fiction under the pseudonym J.J . Coupling , which refers to the total angular momenta of individual particles . John Pierce also had an early interest in gliding and assisted in the development of the Long Beach Glider Club in Los Angeles , one of the earliest glider clubs in the United States . According to Richard Hamming you couldnt talk to John Pierce without being stimulated very quickly . Pierce had been a resident of Berkeley Heights , New Jersey , Pasadena , California , and later of Palo Alto , California . In his later years , as a Visiting Professor at Stanford Universitys Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics , he and his wife Brenda were known for holding dinner parties in their Palo Alto home , in which they would invite an eclectic mix of guests and lead lively discussions on topics ranging from space exploration to politics , health care , and 20th-century music . One such dinner party was reported in This Is Your Brain On Music , written by Pierces former student Daniel Levitin . The papers of John R . Pierce are at the Huntington Library in San Marino , California . At his death Pierce was survived by his wife Brenda ; a son , science fiction editor John Jeremy Pierce ; and a daughter , Elizabeth Anne Pierce . |
[
"Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour"
] | easy | Fouad Abou Nader went to which school from 1963 to 1973? | /wiki/Fouad_Abou_Nader#P69#0 | Fouad Abou Nader Fouad Abou Nader ( ) is a Lebanese political leader . A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder Pierre Gemayel , Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the BG and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings . After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea against his leadership , he relinquished his power to them refusing to what he considered a fratricide venture . Abou Nader remained active in Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party that was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions of the party before leaving disenchanted . He eventually established his own political movement , Liberty Front that he heads as general coordinator . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians and in 1986 survived an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In the late 1980s , he also established his own medical and paramedical engineering firm . Early life . Nader was born in Baskinta , ( Metn , Mount-Lebanon , Lebanon ) on June 27 , 1956 , a Christian Maronite and the Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel . After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle , he joined the American University of Beirut . Because of the war , he continued his medical studies at the Université Saint-Joseph from which he graduated as a doctor in 1982 . Kataeb Party activist . He joined the Kataeb Social Democratic Party ( led by his grandfather Sheikh Pierre Gemayel ) in 1974 . He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party . At Dekwaneh , he participated in his first fight against the Palestinian organizations . Lebanese Forces fighter and commander . When war started , he was part of the elite troop , the “BG” ( or “BE GiM” ) , inside of the Kataeb regular forces . When the Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( KRF ) , the Tigers Militia ( “Noumour” ) from the National Liberal Party , the “Guardians of the Cedars” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “Al-Tanzim” ( “the Organization” ) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united in the “Lebanese Forces” ( LF ) , he became the head of the operations ( called “Third Bureau” ) of the LF . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 , 1983 and 1986 . For the latter , he survived to an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In 1982 , Bachir Gemayel , commander in chief of the LF was elected as Lebanese Republic president . So , Fadi Frem became commander in chief and Dr Fouad Abou Nader , chief of staff of the LF . In 1984 , he was elected as commander in chief of the LF . He was involved in almost all the battles with the Resistance against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army . He became famous for his tenacious nerves , physical courage , exceptional organization and planning skills . For his fellow fighters he was a living legend : no battle was won without him . He was the initiator & creator of most of the LF elite troops . After his election to the presidency , Bachir Gemayel said : “If I had to deliver a Resistance medal of honour , I would have certainly given it to the greatest fighter of our Resistance , Fouad Abou Nader.” Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces . From 1985 , an era of “intifada” ( revolts ) shook the “free regions” and diverted the Cause of its strategic objectives in turning into a struggle for power . Dr Fouad Abou Nader refused the bloody logic : he did not put down the intifada led by Elie Hobeika & Dr Samir Geagea against him : “When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes . What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers ? How to explain the martyrdom of their children ? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?” In 1986 , he refused the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika and became responsible for the Kataeb regional . Then , in 1989 , he refused the Taef agreement signed by Dr Georges Saade , the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Dr Samir Geagea . He supported Michel Aoun’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected the fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun and Geagea’s militia . He participated to the mass demonstrations in Baabda ( where is located the presidential palace ) against Taef agreement and Syrian army invasion . The internal struggles inside of the LF and the fratricide war between Aoun soldiers and Geagea militiamen were fatal : it was real self-destruction . Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb . During Syrian occupation , he helped the student Resistance , participated to their main demonstrations and was part of the Kataeb Opposition led by Dr Elie Karame , former head of the Kataeb , against the pro-Syrian direction of the party led by Dr Georges Saadeh then Mounir Hajj and Karim Pakradouni . After Rafic Hariri assassination , he participated to the mass demonstrations in Beirut downtown for the departure of the Syrian army . After Syrian withdrawal , he restarted his public activities in launching , with his former companions , the Lebanese Forces Veterans Group . He decided to return to the Kataeb in the hope of initiating the necessary changes to avoid the repetition of the mistakes of the past . These necessary changes were : making the party more democratic to avoid fratricidal struggles for power and redefining the Cause . Quickly , he clashed with the direction of the party who refused any change about the feudal , hereditary and therefore anti-democratic structures . Establishment of the Liberty Front . Consequently , he decided with his companions who come from the Kataeb Social Democratic Party but also from other parties and movements to launch the “Liberty Front” on April 2007 . The Liberty Front is a Lebanese political movement , social-democratic & independent , heir of the “Front for Freedom & Man” founded in 1976 by Dr . Charles Malik and the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front’s parties & movements fighters who cooperated in the “Lebanese Forces Command Council” . Starting 1976 before uniting their guns in 1980 in the “Lebanese Forces” under the leadership of President Bachir Gemayel and fought against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army between 1975 and 1986 . The Liberty Front calls for the Christian unity rejecting the division of the Christians . In October 2008 , Abounader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front . Positions . Dr . Fouad Abou Nader thinks that friendly relations with both Syria and Israel will maybe not start in the near future “but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution . Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries ? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well.” He is “100% for keeping this coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon , but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed . We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country . Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation . We cannot go on like this for all of our lives . We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids . We dont want our kids to continue the war we have fought . We want to find a final solution . Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other . Number two , we have to start thinking Lebanese only . And , rule number three , we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side . Everyone in Lebanon , Christians , Sunnis , Shiites , Druze , Alawi , Jews , etc . can live free with dignity and enjoy security , equality and freedom.” About the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun’s Free Patriotic Movement & Hezbollah , his position is : “Its a positive step although I dont agree with the objectives of Hezbollah and its foreign agenda.” As “defence strategy” option , he is for the creation of a “national guard” , an armed force organised regionally , in the framework of the regionalism he is calling for , alongside the Lebanese army and Interior Security Forces ( I.S.F. ) and integrating Hezbollah Resistance weapons and fighters but also other and new volunteers from all the regions and from all the sects . Other activities . Abou Nader is chairman of Tanit Paramedic and Tanit Medical Engineering . Tanit was established in 1987 . It is a trading and distributing company specialized in the medical field . It has developed an extensive network of connections in many parts of the world such as Nigeria . Tanit represents several international manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies and specialized consultant companies in the medical field . External links . - Liberty Front Official Website - Lebanese Forces Resistance Official Website - Kataeb Social Democratic Party Official Website - Tanit Paramedic & Tanit Medical Engineering Official Website - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography first part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography second part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography third part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fourth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fifth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography sixth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography seventh part ( audio/video ) |
[
"Collège Mont La Salle"
] | easy | Fouad Abou Nader went to which school from 1973 to 1974? | /wiki/Fouad_Abou_Nader#P69#1 | Fouad Abou Nader Fouad Abou Nader ( ) is a Lebanese political leader . A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder Pierre Gemayel , Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the BG and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings . After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea against his leadership , he relinquished his power to them refusing to what he considered a fratricide venture . Abou Nader remained active in Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party that was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions of the party before leaving disenchanted . He eventually established his own political movement , Liberty Front that he heads as general coordinator . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians and in 1986 survived an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In the late 1980s , he also established his own medical and paramedical engineering firm . Early life . Nader was born in Baskinta , ( Metn , Mount-Lebanon , Lebanon ) on June 27 , 1956 , a Christian Maronite and the Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel . After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle , he joined the American University of Beirut . Because of the war , he continued his medical studies at the Université Saint-Joseph from which he graduated as a doctor in 1982 . Kataeb Party activist . He joined the Kataeb Social Democratic Party ( led by his grandfather Sheikh Pierre Gemayel ) in 1974 . He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party . At Dekwaneh , he participated in his first fight against the Palestinian organizations . Lebanese Forces fighter and commander . When war started , he was part of the elite troop , the “BG” ( or “BE GiM” ) , inside of the Kataeb regular forces . When the Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( KRF ) , the Tigers Militia ( “Noumour” ) from the National Liberal Party , the “Guardians of the Cedars” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “Al-Tanzim” ( “the Organization” ) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united in the “Lebanese Forces” ( LF ) , he became the head of the operations ( called “Third Bureau” ) of the LF . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 , 1983 and 1986 . For the latter , he survived to an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In 1982 , Bachir Gemayel , commander in chief of the LF was elected as Lebanese Republic president . So , Fadi Frem became commander in chief and Dr Fouad Abou Nader , chief of staff of the LF . In 1984 , he was elected as commander in chief of the LF . He was involved in almost all the battles with the Resistance against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army . He became famous for his tenacious nerves , physical courage , exceptional organization and planning skills . For his fellow fighters he was a living legend : no battle was won without him . He was the initiator & creator of most of the LF elite troops . After his election to the presidency , Bachir Gemayel said : “If I had to deliver a Resistance medal of honour , I would have certainly given it to the greatest fighter of our Resistance , Fouad Abou Nader.” Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces . From 1985 , an era of “intifada” ( revolts ) shook the “free regions” and diverted the Cause of its strategic objectives in turning into a struggle for power . Dr Fouad Abou Nader refused the bloody logic : he did not put down the intifada led by Elie Hobeika & Dr Samir Geagea against him : “When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes . What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers ? How to explain the martyrdom of their children ? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?” In 1986 , he refused the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika and became responsible for the Kataeb regional . Then , in 1989 , he refused the Taef agreement signed by Dr Georges Saade , the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Dr Samir Geagea . He supported Michel Aoun’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected the fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun and Geagea’s militia . He participated to the mass demonstrations in Baabda ( where is located the presidential palace ) against Taef agreement and Syrian army invasion . The internal struggles inside of the LF and the fratricide war between Aoun soldiers and Geagea militiamen were fatal : it was real self-destruction . Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb . During Syrian occupation , he helped the student Resistance , participated to their main demonstrations and was part of the Kataeb Opposition led by Dr Elie Karame , former head of the Kataeb , against the pro-Syrian direction of the party led by Dr Georges Saadeh then Mounir Hajj and Karim Pakradouni . After Rafic Hariri assassination , he participated to the mass demonstrations in Beirut downtown for the departure of the Syrian army . After Syrian withdrawal , he restarted his public activities in launching , with his former companions , the Lebanese Forces Veterans Group . He decided to return to the Kataeb in the hope of initiating the necessary changes to avoid the repetition of the mistakes of the past . These necessary changes were : making the party more democratic to avoid fratricidal struggles for power and redefining the Cause . Quickly , he clashed with the direction of the party who refused any change about the feudal , hereditary and therefore anti-democratic structures . Establishment of the Liberty Front . Consequently , he decided with his companions who come from the Kataeb Social Democratic Party but also from other parties and movements to launch the “Liberty Front” on April 2007 . The Liberty Front is a Lebanese political movement , social-democratic & independent , heir of the “Front for Freedom & Man” founded in 1976 by Dr . Charles Malik and the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front’s parties & movements fighters who cooperated in the “Lebanese Forces Command Council” . Starting 1976 before uniting their guns in 1980 in the “Lebanese Forces” under the leadership of President Bachir Gemayel and fought against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army between 1975 and 1986 . The Liberty Front calls for the Christian unity rejecting the division of the Christians . In October 2008 , Abounader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front . Positions . Dr . Fouad Abou Nader thinks that friendly relations with both Syria and Israel will maybe not start in the near future “but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution . Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries ? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well.” He is “100% for keeping this coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon , but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed . We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country . Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation . We cannot go on like this for all of our lives . We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids . We dont want our kids to continue the war we have fought . We want to find a final solution . Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other . Number two , we have to start thinking Lebanese only . And , rule number three , we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side . Everyone in Lebanon , Christians , Sunnis , Shiites , Druze , Alawi , Jews , etc . can live free with dignity and enjoy security , equality and freedom.” About the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun’s Free Patriotic Movement & Hezbollah , his position is : “Its a positive step although I dont agree with the objectives of Hezbollah and its foreign agenda.” As “defence strategy” option , he is for the creation of a “national guard” , an armed force organised regionally , in the framework of the regionalism he is calling for , alongside the Lebanese army and Interior Security Forces ( I.S.F. ) and integrating Hezbollah Resistance weapons and fighters but also other and new volunteers from all the regions and from all the sects . Other activities . Abou Nader is chairman of Tanit Paramedic and Tanit Medical Engineering . Tanit was established in 1987 . It is a trading and distributing company specialized in the medical field . It has developed an extensive network of connections in many parts of the world such as Nigeria . Tanit represents several international manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies and specialized consultant companies in the medical field . External links . - Liberty Front Official Website - Lebanese Forces Resistance Official Website - Kataeb Social Democratic Party Official Website - Tanit Paramedic & Tanit Medical Engineering Official Website - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography first part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography second part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography third part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fourth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fifth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography sixth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography seventh part ( audio/video ) |
[
"American University of Beirut"
] | easy | Which school did Fouad Abou Nader go to from 1974 to 1975? | /wiki/Fouad_Abou_Nader#P69#2 | Fouad Abou Nader Fouad Abou Nader ( ) is a Lebanese political leader . A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder Pierre Gemayel , Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the BG and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings . After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea against his leadership , he relinquished his power to them refusing to what he considered a fratricide venture . Abou Nader remained active in Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party that was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions of the party before leaving disenchanted . He eventually established his own political movement , Liberty Front that he heads as general coordinator . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians and in 1986 survived an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In the late 1980s , he also established his own medical and paramedical engineering firm . Early life . Nader was born in Baskinta , ( Metn , Mount-Lebanon , Lebanon ) on June 27 , 1956 , a Christian Maronite and the Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel . After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle , he joined the American University of Beirut . Because of the war , he continued his medical studies at the Université Saint-Joseph from which he graduated as a doctor in 1982 . Kataeb Party activist . He joined the Kataeb Social Democratic Party ( led by his grandfather Sheikh Pierre Gemayel ) in 1974 . He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party . At Dekwaneh , he participated in his first fight against the Palestinian organizations . Lebanese Forces fighter and commander . When war started , he was part of the elite troop , the “BG” ( or “BE GiM” ) , inside of the Kataeb regular forces . When the Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( KRF ) , the Tigers Militia ( “Noumour” ) from the National Liberal Party , the “Guardians of the Cedars” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “Al-Tanzim” ( “the Organization” ) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united in the “Lebanese Forces” ( LF ) , he became the head of the operations ( called “Third Bureau” ) of the LF . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 , 1983 and 1986 . For the latter , he survived to an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In 1982 , Bachir Gemayel , commander in chief of the LF was elected as Lebanese Republic president . So , Fadi Frem became commander in chief and Dr Fouad Abou Nader , chief of staff of the LF . In 1984 , he was elected as commander in chief of the LF . He was involved in almost all the battles with the Resistance against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army . He became famous for his tenacious nerves , physical courage , exceptional organization and planning skills . For his fellow fighters he was a living legend : no battle was won without him . He was the initiator & creator of most of the LF elite troops . After his election to the presidency , Bachir Gemayel said : “If I had to deliver a Resistance medal of honour , I would have certainly given it to the greatest fighter of our Resistance , Fouad Abou Nader.” Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces . From 1985 , an era of “intifada” ( revolts ) shook the “free regions” and diverted the Cause of its strategic objectives in turning into a struggle for power . Dr Fouad Abou Nader refused the bloody logic : he did not put down the intifada led by Elie Hobeika & Dr Samir Geagea against him : “When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes . What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers ? How to explain the martyrdom of their children ? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?” In 1986 , he refused the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika and became responsible for the Kataeb regional . Then , in 1989 , he refused the Taef agreement signed by Dr Georges Saade , the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Dr Samir Geagea . He supported Michel Aoun’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected the fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun and Geagea’s militia . He participated to the mass demonstrations in Baabda ( where is located the presidential palace ) against Taef agreement and Syrian army invasion . The internal struggles inside of the LF and the fratricide war between Aoun soldiers and Geagea militiamen were fatal : it was real self-destruction . Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb . During Syrian occupation , he helped the student Resistance , participated to their main demonstrations and was part of the Kataeb Opposition led by Dr Elie Karame , former head of the Kataeb , against the pro-Syrian direction of the party led by Dr Georges Saadeh then Mounir Hajj and Karim Pakradouni . After Rafic Hariri assassination , he participated to the mass demonstrations in Beirut downtown for the departure of the Syrian army . After Syrian withdrawal , he restarted his public activities in launching , with his former companions , the Lebanese Forces Veterans Group . He decided to return to the Kataeb in the hope of initiating the necessary changes to avoid the repetition of the mistakes of the past . These necessary changes were : making the party more democratic to avoid fratricidal struggles for power and redefining the Cause . Quickly , he clashed with the direction of the party who refused any change about the feudal , hereditary and therefore anti-democratic structures . Establishment of the Liberty Front . Consequently , he decided with his companions who come from the Kataeb Social Democratic Party but also from other parties and movements to launch the “Liberty Front” on April 2007 . The Liberty Front is a Lebanese political movement , social-democratic & independent , heir of the “Front for Freedom & Man” founded in 1976 by Dr . Charles Malik and the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front’s parties & movements fighters who cooperated in the “Lebanese Forces Command Council” . Starting 1976 before uniting their guns in 1980 in the “Lebanese Forces” under the leadership of President Bachir Gemayel and fought against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army between 1975 and 1986 . The Liberty Front calls for the Christian unity rejecting the division of the Christians . In October 2008 , Abounader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front . Positions . Dr . Fouad Abou Nader thinks that friendly relations with both Syria and Israel will maybe not start in the near future “but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution . Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries ? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well.” He is “100% for keeping this coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon , but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed . We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country . Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation . We cannot go on like this for all of our lives . We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids . We dont want our kids to continue the war we have fought . We want to find a final solution . Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other . Number two , we have to start thinking Lebanese only . And , rule number three , we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side . Everyone in Lebanon , Christians , Sunnis , Shiites , Druze , Alawi , Jews , etc . can live free with dignity and enjoy security , equality and freedom.” About the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun’s Free Patriotic Movement & Hezbollah , his position is : “Its a positive step although I dont agree with the objectives of Hezbollah and its foreign agenda.” As “defence strategy” option , he is for the creation of a “national guard” , an armed force organised regionally , in the framework of the regionalism he is calling for , alongside the Lebanese army and Interior Security Forces ( I.S.F. ) and integrating Hezbollah Resistance weapons and fighters but also other and new volunteers from all the regions and from all the sects . Other activities . Abou Nader is chairman of Tanit Paramedic and Tanit Medical Engineering . Tanit was established in 1987 . It is a trading and distributing company specialized in the medical field . It has developed an extensive network of connections in many parts of the world such as Nigeria . Tanit represents several international manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies and specialized consultant companies in the medical field . External links . - Liberty Front Official Website - Lebanese Forces Resistance Official Website - Kataeb Social Democratic Party Official Website - Tanit Paramedic & Tanit Medical Engineering Official Website - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography first part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography second part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography third part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fourth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fifth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography sixth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography seventh part ( audio/video ) |
[
"Université Saint-Joseph"
] | easy | Where was Fouad Abou Nader educated from 1976 to 1982? | /wiki/Fouad_Abou_Nader#P69#3 | Fouad Abou Nader Fouad Abou Nader ( ) is a Lebanese political leader . A grandson of the Kataeb Party founder Pierre Gemayel , Abou Nader became a Kataeb party activist and head of the elite Kataeb troop called the BG and later on head of the Lebanese Forces after the union of various Christian military groupings . After an internal revolt in the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika and Samir Geagea against his leadership , he relinquished his power to them refusing to what he considered a fratricide venture . Abou Nader remained active in Lebanese Forces veterans group and return briefly to the Kataeb party that was marred at the time by deep divisions between various factions of the party before leaving disenchanted . He eventually established his own political movement , Liberty Front that he heads as general coordinator . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 and 1983 in fights against Palestinians and Syrians and in 1986 survived an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In the late 1980s , he also established his own medical and paramedical engineering firm . Early life . Nader was born in Baskinta , ( Metn , Mount-Lebanon , Lebanon ) on June 27 , 1956 , a Christian Maronite and the Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel . After attending school at Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour and Collège Mont La Salle , he joined the American University of Beirut . Because of the war , he continued his medical studies at the Université Saint-Joseph from which he graduated as a doctor in 1982 . Kataeb Party activist . He joined the Kataeb Social Democratic Party ( led by his grandfather Sheikh Pierre Gemayel ) in 1974 . He was an active member of both the paramilitary and the students’ organization of the party . At Dekwaneh , he participated in his first fight against the Palestinian organizations . Lebanese Forces fighter and commander . When war started , he was part of the elite troop , the “BG” ( or “BE GiM” ) , inside of the Kataeb regular forces . When the Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( KRF ) , the Tigers Militia ( “Noumour” ) from the National Liberal Party , the “Guardians of the Cedars” from the National Lebanese Movement and the “Al-Tanzim” ( “the Organization” ) from the Lebanese Resistance Movement united in the “Lebanese Forces” ( LF ) , he became the head of the operations ( called “Third Bureau” ) of the LF . He was seriously injured in 1975 , 1976 , 1983 and 1986 . For the latter , he survived to an assassination attempt and was severely wounded . In 1982 , Bachir Gemayel , commander in chief of the LF was elected as Lebanese Republic president . So , Fadi Frem became commander in chief and Dr Fouad Abou Nader , chief of staff of the LF . In 1984 , he was elected as commander in chief of the LF . He was involved in almost all the battles with the Resistance against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army . He became famous for his tenacious nerves , physical courage , exceptional organization and planning skills . For his fellow fighters he was a living legend : no battle was won without him . He was the initiator & creator of most of the LF elite troops . After his election to the presidency , Bachir Gemayel said : “If I had to deliver a Resistance medal of honour , I would have certainly given it to the greatest fighter of our Resistance , Fouad Abou Nader.” Power struggles and withdrawal from the Lebanese Forces . From 1985 , an era of “intifada” ( revolts ) shook the “free regions” and diverted the Cause of its strategic objectives in turning into a struggle for power . Dr Fouad Abou Nader refused the bloody logic : he did not put down the intifada led by Elie Hobeika & Dr Samir Geagea against him : “When I offer my condolences to the family of a martyr as head of the LF I feel bad even if their son was sacrificed for the noblest of causes . What do you want me to say tomorrow to all these mothers ? How to explain the martyrdom of their children ? Just to remain in my position as head of the LF?” In 1986 , he refused the tripartite agreement signed in Damascus by Elie Hobeika and became responsible for the Kataeb regional . Then , in 1989 , he refused the Taef agreement signed by Dr Georges Saade , the head of the Kataeb Social Democratic Party and approved by Dr Samir Geagea . He supported Michel Aoun’s liberation war against the Syrian army but rejected the fratricide war between the Lebanese Army soldiers loyal to General Aoun and Geagea’s militia . He participated to the mass demonstrations in Baabda ( where is located the presidential palace ) against Taef agreement and Syrian army invasion . The internal struggles inside of the LF and the fratricide war between Aoun soldiers and Geagea militiamen were fatal : it was real self-destruction . Lebanese Forces Veterans Group and return to Kataeb . During Syrian occupation , he helped the student Resistance , participated to their main demonstrations and was part of the Kataeb Opposition led by Dr Elie Karame , former head of the Kataeb , against the pro-Syrian direction of the party led by Dr Georges Saadeh then Mounir Hajj and Karim Pakradouni . After Rafic Hariri assassination , he participated to the mass demonstrations in Beirut downtown for the departure of the Syrian army . After Syrian withdrawal , he restarted his public activities in launching , with his former companions , the Lebanese Forces Veterans Group . He decided to return to the Kataeb in the hope of initiating the necessary changes to avoid the repetition of the mistakes of the past . These necessary changes were : making the party more democratic to avoid fratricidal struggles for power and redefining the Cause . Quickly , he clashed with the direction of the party who refused any change about the feudal , hereditary and therefore anti-democratic structures . Establishment of the Liberty Front . Consequently , he decided with his companions who come from the Kataeb Social Democratic Party but also from other parties and movements to launch the “Liberty Front” on April 2007 . The Liberty Front is a Lebanese political movement , social-democratic & independent , heir of the “Front for Freedom & Man” founded in 1976 by Dr . Charles Malik and the political offspring of the Resistance of the Front’s parties & movements fighters who cooperated in the “Lebanese Forces Command Council” . Starting 1976 before uniting their guns in 1980 in the “Lebanese Forces” under the leadership of President Bachir Gemayel and fought against the Palestinian organizations & the Syrian army between 1975 and 1986 . The Liberty Front calls for the Christian unity rejecting the division of the Christians . In October 2008 , Abounader was re-elected as general coordinator of the Liberty Front . Positions . Dr . Fouad Abou Nader thinks that friendly relations with both Syria and Israel will maybe not start in the near future “but definitely in the end we have to find a resolution . Why can’t we achieve peace between our countries ? Our peace has to be fair between the Israelis and us and between Syria and us as well.” He is “100% for keeping this coexistence between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon , but the political formula of how to implement it must be changed . We would like to find a final solution for the problems of the country . Otherwise we are going to stay in this situation . We cannot go on like this for all of our lives . We have to try a stable solution for the sake of our kids . We dont want our kids to continue the war we have fought . We want to find a final solution . Rule number one is that we have to stop lying to each other . Number two , we have to start thinking Lebanese only . And , rule number three , we need to sit together and find a solution – without a hidden agenda from either side . Everyone in Lebanon , Christians , Sunnis , Shiites , Druze , Alawi , Jews , etc . can live free with dignity and enjoy security , equality and freedom.” About the Memorandum of Understanding between Aoun’s Free Patriotic Movement & Hezbollah , his position is : “Its a positive step although I dont agree with the objectives of Hezbollah and its foreign agenda.” As “defence strategy” option , he is for the creation of a “national guard” , an armed force organised regionally , in the framework of the regionalism he is calling for , alongside the Lebanese army and Interior Security Forces ( I.S.F. ) and integrating Hezbollah Resistance weapons and fighters but also other and new volunteers from all the regions and from all the sects . Other activities . Abou Nader is chairman of Tanit Paramedic and Tanit Medical Engineering . Tanit was established in 1987 . It is a trading and distributing company specialized in the medical field . It has developed an extensive network of connections in many parts of the world such as Nigeria . Tanit represents several international manufacturers of medical equipment and supplies and specialized consultant companies in the medical field . External links . - Liberty Front Official Website - Lebanese Forces Resistance Official Website - Kataeb Social Democratic Party Official Website - Tanit Paramedic & Tanit Medical Engineering Official Website - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography first part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography second part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography third part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fourth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography fifth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography sixth part ( audio/video ) - Fouad Abou Nader autobiography seventh part ( audio/video ) |
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] | easy | What position did Carlos Saavedra Lamas take from 1908 to 1915? | /wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas#P39#0 | Carlos Saavedra Lamas Carlos Saavedra Lamas ( November 1 , 1878–May 5 , 1959 ) was an Argentine academic and politician , and in 1936 , the first Argentine Nobel Peace Prize recipient . Biography . Born in Buenos Aires , Saavedra Lamas was a descendant of an early Argentine patriot . He married the daughter of president Roque Sáenz Peña . Saavedra Lamas achieved renown not only as foreign minister of Argentina for his practical work in drafting international agreements and in conducting international mediation , but also as a professor for his scholarship in the fields of labor legislation and international law . Saavedra Lamas was a distinguished student at Lacordaire College and at the [ University of Buenos Aires ] where he received the Doctor of Laws degree in 1903 , summa cum laude . After study in Paris and travel abroad , he accepted a professorship in law and constitutional history at the University of La Plata , where he began the teaching career that was to span more than forty years . Later , he inaugurated a course in sociology at the University of Buenos Aires , taught political economy and constitutional law in the Law School of the university , and eventually served as the president of the university . Saavedra Lamas was a leading Argentine academician in two areas . A pioneer in the field of labor legislation , he edited several treatises on labor legislation in Argentina and on the need for a universally recognized doctrine on the treatment of labor - among them , Centro de legislacíon social y del trabajo ( 1927 ) [ Center of Social and Labor Legislation ] , Traités internationaux de type social ( 1924 ) , Código nacional del trabajo ( three volumes , 1933 ) [ National Code of Labor Law ] . In the arena of practical affairs , Saavedra Lamas drafted legislation affecting labor in Argentina , supported the founding of the International Labor Organization in 1919 , and presided over the ILO Conference of 1928 in Geneva while serving simultaneously as leader of the Argentine delegation . In international law , his other field of major scholarly interest , he published La Crise de la codification et de la doctrine Argentine de droit international ( 1931 ) ; and he spoke , wrote , or drafted legislation on many subjects with international ramifications - among them , asylum , colonization , immigration , arbitration , and international peace . His brief Vida internacional , which he wrote at the age of seventy , is an urbane by-product of all this study and experience . Saavedra Lamas began his political career in 1906 as director of Public Credit and then became the secretary-general for the municipality of Buenos Aires in 1907 . In 1908 he was elected to the first of two successive terms in Parliament . There he initiated legislation regarding coastal water rights , irrigation , sugar production , government finances , colonization , and immigration . His main interest , however , lay in foreign affairs . He provided leadership in saving Argentinas arbitration treaty with Italy , which almost foundered in 1907–1908 , and eventually became the unofficial adviser to both the legislature and the foreign office on the analysis and implications of proposed foreign treaties . Saavedra Lamas though was also a controversial public figure as he was seen by the masses as an elitist patrician who was too conservative and favored British intervention , especially in railroad construction . Appointed minister of Justice and Education in 1915 , he instituted educational reforms by integrating the different divisions of public education and by developing a curriculum at the intermediate level for the vocational and technical training of manpower needed in a developing industrial country . When General Agustín P . Justo became president of Argentina in 1932 , he appointed Saavedra Lamas as foreign minister . In this post for six years , Saavedra Lamas brought international prestige to Argentina . He played an important role in every South American diplomatic issue of the middle thirties , induced Argentina to rejoin the League of Nations after an absence of thirteen years , and represented Argentina at virtually every international meeting of consequence during this period . His work in ending the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ( 1932–1935 ) had not only local significance but generalized international importance as well . When he took over the foreign office , he immediately engaged in a series of moves to lay the diplomatic groundwork for a negotiated settlement of this dispute . In 1932 he initiated at Washington the Declaration of August 3 which put the American states on record as refusing to recognize any territorial change in the hemisphere brought about by force . Next , he drew up a Treaty of Nonaggression and Conciliation which was signed by six South American countries in October , 1933 , and by all of the American countries at the Seventh Pan-American Conference at Montevideo two months later . In 1935 he organized mediation by six neutral American nations which resulted in the cessation of hostilities between Paraguay and Bolivia . Meanwhile , in 1934 , Saavedra Lamas presented the South American Antiwar Pact to the League of Nations where it was well received and signed by eleven countries . Acclaimed for all of these efforts , he was elected president of the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1936 . After his retirement from the foreign ministry in 1938 , Saavedra Lamas returned to academic life , became president of the University of Buenos Aires for two years ( 1941–1943 ) , and rounded out his career as a professor for an additional three years ( 1943–1946 ) . Saavedra Lamas was known as a strict disciplinarian in his office , a logician at the conference table , a charming host in his home or his art gallery , and a man of sartorial elegance who wore , it is said , the highest collars in Buenos Aires . In addition to the Nobel Peace Prize , he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France and analogous honors from ten other countries . He died in 1959 at the age of eighty from the effects of a brain hemorrhage . In March 2014 his solid gold Nobel medal was put up for auction after being found in a South American pawn shop . In August 2014 a project for rebuying his Nobel medal by the Argentine Nation was presented at the Argentine congress . His auctioned medal was later won and is now owned by a private Asian collector . |
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""
] | easy | What position did Carlos Saavedra Lamas take from Aug 1915 to Oct 1916? | /wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas#P39#1 | Carlos Saavedra Lamas Carlos Saavedra Lamas ( November 1 , 1878–May 5 , 1959 ) was an Argentine academic and politician , and in 1936 , the first Argentine Nobel Peace Prize recipient . Biography . Born in Buenos Aires , Saavedra Lamas was a descendant of an early Argentine patriot . He married the daughter of president Roque Sáenz Peña . Saavedra Lamas achieved renown not only as foreign minister of Argentina for his practical work in drafting international agreements and in conducting international mediation , but also as a professor for his scholarship in the fields of labor legislation and international law . Saavedra Lamas was a distinguished student at Lacordaire College and at the [ University of Buenos Aires ] where he received the Doctor of Laws degree in 1903 , summa cum laude . After study in Paris and travel abroad , he accepted a professorship in law and constitutional history at the University of La Plata , where he began the teaching career that was to span more than forty years . Later , he inaugurated a course in sociology at the University of Buenos Aires , taught political economy and constitutional law in the Law School of the university , and eventually served as the president of the university . Saavedra Lamas was a leading Argentine academician in two areas . A pioneer in the field of labor legislation , he edited several treatises on labor legislation in Argentina and on the need for a universally recognized doctrine on the treatment of labor - among them , Centro de legislacíon social y del trabajo ( 1927 ) [ Center of Social and Labor Legislation ] , Traités internationaux de type social ( 1924 ) , Código nacional del trabajo ( three volumes , 1933 ) [ National Code of Labor Law ] . In the arena of practical affairs , Saavedra Lamas drafted legislation affecting labor in Argentina , supported the founding of the International Labor Organization in 1919 , and presided over the ILO Conference of 1928 in Geneva while serving simultaneously as leader of the Argentine delegation . In international law , his other field of major scholarly interest , he published La Crise de la codification et de la doctrine Argentine de droit international ( 1931 ) ; and he spoke , wrote , or drafted legislation on many subjects with international ramifications - among them , asylum , colonization , immigration , arbitration , and international peace . His brief Vida internacional , which he wrote at the age of seventy , is an urbane by-product of all this study and experience . Saavedra Lamas began his political career in 1906 as director of Public Credit and then became the secretary-general for the municipality of Buenos Aires in 1907 . In 1908 he was elected to the first of two successive terms in Parliament . There he initiated legislation regarding coastal water rights , irrigation , sugar production , government finances , colonization , and immigration . His main interest , however , lay in foreign affairs . He provided leadership in saving Argentinas arbitration treaty with Italy , which almost foundered in 1907–1908 , and eventually became the unofficial adviser to both the legislature and the foreign office on the analysis and implications of proposed foreign treaties . Saavedra Lamas though was also a controversial public figure as he was seen by the masses as an elitist patrician who was too conservative and favored British intervention , especially in railroad construction . Appointed minister of Justice and Education in 1915 , he instituted educational reforms by integrating the different divisions of public education and by developing a curriculum at the intermediate level for the vocational and technical training of manpower needed in a developing industrial country . When General Agustín P . Justo became president of Argentina in 1932 , he appointed Saavedra Lamas as foreign minister . In this post for six years , Saavedra Lamas brought international prestige to Argentina . He played an important role in every South American diplomatic issue of the middle thirties , induced Argentina to rejoin the League of Nations after an absence of thirteen years , and represented Argentina at virtually every international meeting of consequence during this period . His work in ending the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ( 1932–1935 ) had not only local significance but generalized international importance as well . When he took over the foreign office , he immediately engaged in a series of moves to lay the diplomatic groundwork for a negotiated settlement of this dispute . In 1932 he initiated at Washington the Declaration of August 3 which put the American states on record as refusing to recognize any territorial change in the hemisphere brought about by force . Next , he drew up a Treaty of Nonaggression and Conciliation which was signed by six South American countries in October , 1933 , and by all of the American countries at the Seventh Pan-American Conference at Montevideo two months later . In 1935 he organized mediation by six neutral American nations which resulted in the cessation of hostilities between Paraguay and Bolivia . Meanwhile , in 1934 , Saavedra Lamas presented the South American Antiwar Pact to the League of Nations where it was well received and signed by eleven countries . Acclaimed for all of these efforts , he was elected president of the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1936 . After his retirement from the foreign ministry in 1938 , Saavedra Lamas returned to academic life , became president of the University of Buenos Aires for two years ( 1941–1943 ) , and rounded out his career as a professor for an additional three years ( 1943–1946 ) . Saavedra Lamas was known as a strict disciplinarian in his office , a logician at the conference table , a charming host in his home or his art gallery , and a man of sartorial elegance who wore , it is said , the highest collars in Buenos Aires . In addition to the Nobel Peace Prize , he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France and analogous honors from ten other countries . He died in 1959 at the age of eighty from the effects of a brain hemorrhage . In March 2014 his solid gold Nobel medal was put up for auction after being found in a South American pawn shop . In August 2014 a project for rebuying his Nobel medal by the Argentine Nation was presented at the Argentine congress . His auctioned medal was later won and is now owned by a private Asian collector . |
[
""
] | easy | Carlos Saavedra Lamas took which position from 1932 to 1938? | /wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas#P39#2 | Carlos Saavedra Lamas Carlos Saavedra Lamas ( November 1 , 1878–May 5 , 1959 ) was an Argentine academic and politician , and in 1936 , the first Argentine Nobel Peace Prize recipient . Biography . Born in Buenos Aires , Saavedra Lamas was a descendant of an early Argentine patriot . He married the daughter of president Roque Sáenz Peña . Saavedra Lamas achieved renown not only as foreign minister of Argentina for his practical work in drafting international agreements and in conducting international mediation , but also as a professor for his scholarship in the fields of labor legislation and international law . Saavedra Lamas was a distinguished student at Lacordaire College and at the [ University of Buenos Aires ] where he received the Doctor of Laws degree in 1903 , summa cum laude . After study in Paris and travel abroad , he accepted a professorship in law and constitutional history at the University of La Plata , where he began the teaching career that was to span more than forty years . Later , he inaugurated a course in sociology at the University of Buenos Aires , taught political economy and constitutional law in the Law School of the university , and eventually served as the president of the university . Saavedra Lamas was a leading Argentine academician in two areas . A pioneer in the field of labor legislation , he edited several treatises on labor legislation in Argentina and on the need for a universally recognized doctrine on the treatment of labor - among them , Centro de legislacíon social y del trabajo ( 1927 ) [ Center of Social and Labor Legislation ] , Traités internationaux de type social ( 1924 ) , Código nacional del trabajo ( three volumes , 1933 ) [ National Code of Labor Law ] . In the arena of practical affairs , Saavedra Lamas drafted legislation affecting labor in Argentina , supported the founding of the International Labor Organization in 1919 , and presided over the ILO Conference of 1928 in Geneva while serving simultaneously as leader of the Argentine delegation . In international law , his other field of major scholarly interest , he published La Crise de la codification et de la doctrine Argentine de droit international ( 1931 ) ; and he spoke , wrote , or drafted legislation on many subjects with international ramifications - among them , asylum , colonization , immigration , arbitration , and international peace . His brief Vida internacional , which he wrote at the age of seventy , is an urbane by-product of all this study and experience . Saavedra Lamas began his political career in 1906 as director of Public Credit and then became the secretary-general for the municipality of Buenos Aires in 1907 . In 1908 he was elected to the first of two successive terms in Parliament . There he initiated legislation regarding coastal water rights , irrigation , sugar production , government finances , colonization , and immigration . His main interest , however , lay in foreign affairs . He provided leadership in saving Argentinas arbitration treaty with Italy , which almost foundered in 1907–1908 , and eventually became the unofficial adviser to both the legislature and the foreign office on the analysis and implications of proposed foreign treaties . Saavedra Lamas though was also a controversial public figure as he was seen by the masses as an elitist patrician who was too conservative and favored British intervention , especially in railroad construction . Appointed minister of Justice and Education in 1915 , he instituted educational reforms by integrating the different divisions of public education and by developing a curriculum at the intermediate level for the vocational and technical training of manpower needed in a developing industrial country . When General Agustín P . Justo became president of Argentina in 1932 , he appointed Saavedra Lamas as foreign minister . In this post for six years , Saavedra Lamas brought international prestige to Argentina . He played an important role in every South American diplomatic issue of the middle thirties , induced Argentina to rejoin the League of Nations after an absence of thirteen years , and represented Argentina at virtually every international meeting of consequence during this period . His work in ending the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ( 1932–1935 ) had not only local significance but generalized international importance as well . When he took over the foreign office , he immediately engaged in a series of moves to lay the diplomatic groundwork for a negotiated settlement of this dispute . In 1932 he initiated at Washington the Declaration of August 3 which put the American states on record as refusing to recognize any territorial change in the hemisphere brought about by force . Next , he drew up a Treaty of Nonaggression and Conciliation which was signed by six South American countries in October , 1933 , and by all of the American countries at the Seventh Pan-American Conference at Montevideo two months later . In 1935 he organized mediation by six neutral American nations which resulted in the cessation of hostilities between Paraguay and Bolivia . Meanwhile , in 1934 , Saavedra Lamas presented the South American Antiwar Pact to the League of Nations where it was well received and signed by eleven countries . Acclaimed for all of these efforts , he was elected president of the Assembly of the League of Nations in 1936 . After his retirement from the foreign ministry in 1938 , Saavedra Lamas returned to academic life , became president of the University of Buenos Aires for two years ( 1941–1943 ) , and rounded out his career as a professor for an additional three years ( 1943–1946 ) . Saavedra Lamas was known as a strict disciplinarian in his office , a logician at the conference table , a charming host in his home or his art gallery , and a man of sartorial elegance who wore , it is said , the highest collars in Buenos Aires . In addition to the Nobel Peace Prize , he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France and analogous honors from ten other countries . He died in 1959 at the age of eighty from the effects of a brain hemorrhage . In March 2014 his solid gold Nobel medal was put up for auction after being found in a South American pawn shop . In August 2014 a project for rebuying his Nobel medal by the Argentine Nation was presented at the Argentine congress . His auctioned medal was later won and is now owned by a private Asian collector . |
[
"Preston North End"
] | easy | Which team did Mark Beesley play for from 1999 to 2000? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#0 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
"Chester City"
] | easy | Which team did Mark Beesley play for from 2000 to 2003? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#1 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
"Hereford United"
] | easy | Mark Beesley played for which team from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#2 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
"Forest Green Rovers"
] | easy | Which team did Mark Beesley play for from 2004 to 2008? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#3 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
"Altrincham",
"Fleetwood Town"
] | easy | Mark Beesley played for which team from 2010 to 2011? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#4 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
"Warrington Town"
] | easy | Mark Beesley played for which team from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Mark_Beesley#P54#5 | Mark Beesley Mark Anthony Beesley ( born 5 December 1980 ) is an English former footballer who played as a striker . He is currently assistant manager at Warrington Town . Career . Born in Burscough , Lancashire , Beesley began his career at the youth system of Preston North End before signing a professional contract on 26 June 1999 . He subsequently spent three and a half seasons at Chester City . Beesley scored 16 times in the 2001–02 season to help Chester avoid relegation from the Football Conference , but by the start of the 2003–04 he was out of favour with manager Mark Wright . After a spell out on loan at Southport , Beesley was allowed to join Chesters title rivals Hereford United in December 2003 . Beesley made 15 appearances for the club , scoring in Herefords record-equalling 9–0 win over Dagenham & Redbridge , and against his former club in the 2–1 win over Chester . However , by this point Chester had sealed the Football Conference title at Herefords expense and Beesley was to lose out in the play-offs to Aldershot Town . He joined Forest Green Rovers on 8 June 2004 where he was initially unlucky with injuries , missing nearly an entire season with a knee injury . In August 2006 he returned to the north-west for a loan spell with Lancaster City , before returning to Forest Green , where he struck up a strong partnership with the prolific Stuart Fleetwood . He signed for Cambridge United in January 2008 for a five-figure fee but never really enjoyed the form he had in his later stages at Forest Green . He was loaned to Chester City and AFC Telford United before being released by Cambridge manager Martin Ling at the end of the 2009–10 season . He signed for newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town on 29 July 2010 . He joined fellow Conference Premier team York City on a one-month loan on 5 October and he made his debut later that day in a 1–0 defeat to Kettering Town . Beesley returned to Fleetwood early on 1 November after York manager Gary Mills decided to cut his loan short . He then joined Altrincham on loan until 3 January 2011 on 26 November and he made his debut a day later in a 4–0 defeat at Cambridge . After his loan spell expired , he signed permanently for Altrincham but was released at the end of the season . In July 2011 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division side Burscough , in his home town . He moved to promotion challenging Hednesford Town on 6 January 2012 . He ended the 2011–12 season with Hednesford but left the club at the end of the season . In June 2012 , Beesley signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division outfit Nantwich Town . He left Nantwich on loan in October 2012 however and joined Warrington Town of the Northern Premier League Division One North and made his club debut on 30 October in a match against Ramsbottom United . In his next match , he scored his first goal for the club , as they beat Harrogate Railway Athletic 4–0 at home . In February 2013 , Beesley was released by Nantwich and later that month signed for Northern Premier League Division One North side Skelmersdale United . He left a few weeks later to join West Lancashire Football League Division One club Burscough Richmond in late February 2013 . Coaching . Beesley was managing Burscough in 2016 , but left in June of that year . He later joined Warrington Town as assistant manager to Paul Carden whilst also coaching at an academy run by Robbie Fowler . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the military rank of Ivan Kozhedub from 1941 to Feb 1942? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#0 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
"Senior Sergeant"
] | easy | What was the military rank of Ivan Kozhedub from Feb 1942 to Nov 1943? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#1 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
"Junior Lieutenant"
] | easy | What military rank did Ivan Kozhedub have from Nov 1943 to Apr 1944? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#2 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
"deputy commander"
] | easy | What military rank did Ivan Kozhedub have from Apr 1944 to 1949? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#3 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the military rank of Ivan Kozhedub from 1949 to 1951? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#4 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
"colonel"
] | easy | What was the military rank of Ivan Kozhedub from 1951 to Aug 1953? | /wiki/Ivan_Kozhedub#P410#5 | Ivan Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ( Russian : Иван Hикитович Кожедуб ; Ukrainian : Іван Микитович Кожедуб ; 8 June 1920 – 8 August 1991 ) was a Soviet World War II fighter ace . Credited with over 60 solo victories by most historians , he is considered to be the highest scoring Soviet and Allied fighter pilot of World War II . He is one of the few pilots to have shot down a Messerschmitt Me 262 jet . He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union on three occasions ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 , and 18 August 1945 ) . After the war he remained in the military and commanded the 324th Fighter Air Division during Soviet operations in the Korean War . Early life . Ivan Kozhedub was born in the village of Obrazhiyevka , a settlement in the Chernigov Governorate , Ukrainian SSR ( now Sumy Oblast , Ukraine ) on 8 June 1920 . He was the youngest of five children in a Ukrainian family . For two years he attended a school for young workers , and in early 1940 graduated from the Shostka chemical technical school . Kozhedub learned to fly aircraft in the Shostkinsk aeroclub and joined the Soviet army in 1940 . He graduated from the Chuguev Military Air School in June 1941 at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , but he was retained as an instructor . Kozhedub remained at the school for nearly two years where he trained many young Soviet pilots . Feeling his talents would be better used in combat , Kozhedub requested a transfer to an operational unit and in March 1943 he was posted , as a Senior Sergeant , to the 240th Fighter Aviation Regiment , one of the first units to receive the new Lavochkin La-5 . War career . His first combat mission was on 26 March 1943 . He operated on the Voronezh Front and , in July over the Kursk battlefields . His first kill was a Junkers Ju 87 Stuka , shot down during the Battle of Kursk on 6 July 1943 . By 16 August he had claimed eight air victories . He was promoted to Junior Lieutenant . Then his unit moved towards Kharkiv . At this time he usually flew escort for Petlyakov Pe-2 twin-engine bombers . He served as a fighter pilot in several areas ( Steppe Front , 2nd Ukrainian Front , 1st Belorussian Front ) and at different ranks , starting from senior airman up to deputy commander of his air regiment . He claimed his 61st and 62nd victories – his final claims of the War– over Berlin on 16 April 1945 . Kozhedub was attributed with the highest number of air combat victories of any Soviet pilot during World War II . He is regarded as the best Soviet flying ace of the war , and is associated with flying the Lavochkin La-7 . He was reputed to have a natural gift for deflection shooting , i.e . aiming ahead of a moving target at the time of firing so that the projectile and target will collide . Kozhedubs World War II record consisted of : - 330 combat missions - 120 aerial engagements - 62 enemy aircraft shot down , including one Me 262 jet fighter ( possibly Uffz Kurt Lange of 1./KG ( J ) 54. ) Post war era . In 1949 Kozhedub graduated from the Air Force Academy . In April 1951 , promoted to Polkovnik ( colonel ) , he commanded the 324th IAD ( Fighter Air Division ) and dispatched to Antung airfield on the China-North Korea border to fly the MiG-15 during the Korean War supporting the North Korean forces . He was not given permission to participate in combat missions . Under his leadership the 324th IAD claimed 239 victories , including 12 Boeing B-29 Superfortresses for the loss of 27 MiG-15s in combat and 9 pilots . In 1956 he graduated from the High Command Academy , after which he was promoted to General . From 1971 he served in the Central Office of the Soviet Air Force and from 1978 in the general inspection group of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He was made an Aviation Marshal in 1985 . Kozhedub was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union three times ( 1944 , 1944 , 1945 ) , seven Orders of the Red Banner , two Order of Alexander Nevsky , two Orders of the Red Star , Order of the Patriotic War First Class , and numerous medals . He was promoted to his final rank of Marshal shortly before retirement . List of aerial victories . According to Soviet aces 1941—1945 . The victories of Stalins Falcons ( ) by Mikhail Bykov . - Until August 1944 Kozhedub was flying on Lavochkin La-5 , after that Lavochkin La-7 . Alleged shooting down of two USAAF P-51 fighters . Kozhedub allegedly shot down two USAAF P-51 Mustang fighters in a friendly fire incident 17 April 1945 . He encountered a group of American B-17 Flying Fortresses under attack by Luftwaffe aircraft . His aircraft was apparently mistaken by American escort fighters for the enemy and attacked . Kozhedub , having no other option , defended himself by shooting down two of the P-51s . So far , this story is not confirmed completely . Film footage exists that had been touted as Kozhedubs actual gun camera film from the event ; however , the footage was shot using Zeiss equipment , which was used primarily by the Luftwaffe . Honours and awards . - Soviet Union - Thrice Hero of the Soviet Union ( 4 February 1944 , 19 August 1944 and 18 August 1945 ) - Two Order of Lenin ( 4 February 1944 and 21 February 1978 ) - Seven Order of the Red Banner ( 22 July 1943 , 30 September 1943 , 29 March 1945 , 29 June 1945 , 2 June 1951 , 22 February 1958 , and 26 June 1970 ) - Order of Alexander Nevsky ( 31 July 1945 ) - Order of the Patriotic War 1st class ( 11 March 1985 ) - Two Order of the Red Star ( 4 June 1955 and 20 October 1955 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 2nd degree ( 22 February 1990 ) - Order For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR , 3rd degree ( 30 April 1975 ) - Medal For Battle Merit - Medal For the Liberation of Warsaw ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Capture of Berlin ( 1945 ) - Medal For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1945 ) - Jubilee Medal Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1965 ) - Jubilee Medal Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1975 ) - Jubilee Medal Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 ( 1985 ) - Jubilee Medal In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( 1969 ) - Medal Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1976 ) - Medal For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms - Medal For Impeccable Service , 1st class - Jubilee Medal 30 Years of the Soviet Army and Navy ( 1948 ) - Jubilee Medal 40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1957 ) - Jubilee Medal 50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1967 ) - Jubilee Medal 60 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1978 ) - Jubilee Medal 70 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR ( 1988 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow ( 1947 ) - Medal In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kyiv ( 1982 ) - Foreign - Medal of Sino-Soviet Friendship ( China ) - Patriotic Order of Merit , Bronze , 3rd class ( East Germany ) - Order of the Red Banner ( Mongolia ) - Medal 50 Years of the Mongolian Peoples Army ( Mongolia ) - Order of the National Flag , 3rd class ( North Korea ) - Order of Freedom and Independence , 1st class ( North Korea ) - Knights Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta ( Poland ) Legacy . A military university in Kharkiv is named in his honor , the Kozhedub University of the Air Force . |
[
""
] | easy | Jean-François Gillet played for which team from 1994 to 1995? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#0 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Standard Liège and Monza"
] | easy | Jean-François Gillet played for which team from 1998 to 1999? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#1 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Monza"
] | easy | Jean-François Gillet played for which team from 1999 to 2000? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#2 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Bari"
] | easy | Which team did Jean-François Gillet play for from 2000 to 2003? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#3 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Treviso"
] | easy | Jean-François Gillet played for which team from 2003 to 2004? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#4 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
""
] | easy | Jean-François Gillet played for which team from 2009 to 2011? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#5 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Bologna"
] | easy | Which team did Jean-François Gillet play for from 2011 to 2012? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#6 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"Mechelen"
] | easy | Which team did the player Jean-François Gillet belong to from 2012 to 2015? | /wiki/Jean-François_Gillet#P54#7 | Jean-François Gillet Jean-François Gillet ( born 31 May 1979 ) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Standard Liège as a goalkeeper . At international level , he was a member of the Belgian squad that took part at UEFA Euro 2016 . Club career . Standard Liège and Monza . He began his professional career in the youth system of Standard Liège and was called up to the first team at the age of just 17 . In 1996 , he made his debut in Belgian First Division and the following season he took to the field on another two occasions . In the summer of 1999 , at the age of twenty , he moved outright to Monza , then in Serie B . As a starter , he disputed 33 games . Bari and Treviso . After playing four games in August with Monza , in the final days of the transfer market he accepted a move to Bari in Serie A , who paid 5 million lire . His first season in the top flight , despite 20 appearances and some stand-out performances in goal , was marred by a prosecution for doping . After the match Bari-Reggina on 21 January , in fact , he became the first player in Italy to be indicted for testing positive for Nandrolone and was forced by the sports court to serve a four-month disqualification . Over the next ten years he played 317 games for Bari in Serie A and Serie B , with the exception of a short loan with Treviso in 2003–04 , due to some disagreements with the then coach Marco Tardelli . On 13 March 2008 he renewed his contract with the Galletti until 2011 . In 2007 Antonio Conte arrived at Bari , and Gillet adapted his role in the team and was employed as a sweeper keeper . The team triumphed in Serie B , returning to the top flight after a seven-year absence . In 2009–10 , his performances were confirmed again at the highest level , only conceding seven goals in the first 12 rounds ; with the defensive pairing of Andrea Ranocchia and Leonardo Bonucci , they were among the teams in Europe with the fewest goals conceded . On 18 March 2010 he renewed with Bari until 2014 , and on 12 September 2010 against Napoli , he officially became Baris most-capped player after reaching 319 appearances for the jersey of the pugliesi , overcoming Bari legend Giovanni Loseto . For this reason , the mayor of Bari gave the Belgian goalkeeper the keys of the city as a sign of attachment to the club and the city . Gillet remained a formidable goalkeeper : saving two penalties from Francesco Totti , during the two matches between Bari and Roma , and one from Robert Acquafresca of Cagliari . At the end of the season , however , Bari were once again relegated to Serie B . Bologna . In 2011 , after Baris relegation to Serie B , Gillet expressed his desire to finish his career in Serie A and was transferred to Bologna in a deal worth €1.4 million . At his farewell press conference , Gillet tearfully bid farewell to his adopted home in Bari and their fans . In his first season at Bologna , Gillet immediately showed his goalkeeping abilities and was quickly taken to by the Bologna faithful . His 29 league appearances in goal helped Bologna finish 9th in the 2011–12 Serie A season , the clubs best finish in a decade . Torino . On 5 July 2012 Gillet transferred to Torino for €1.7 million , with whom he signed a contract for three years . At Torino he was reunited with former coach Giampiero Ventura from Bari , making his debut on 26 August against Siena in a scoreless draw . He played 37 matches for the Granata in the 2012–13 season . However , on 6 June 2013 , in the aftermath of the Bari match-fixing scandal , he was indicted for sporting fraud and on 16 July was suspended for three years and seven months due to his role in the matches Bari-Treviso on 11 May 2008 ; and Salernitana-Bari on 23 May 2009 . On 24 January 2014 the TNAS reduced the disqualification to 13 months ( five of which he had already served ) . Gillet returned on 17 August 2014 in a triangular friendly in Mondovì against Bra and Virtus Mondovi . On 22 August he was recalled by Ventura for the Europa League playoff round against RNK Split . On 18 September Gillet played his first game as a starter for Torino since his suspension against the Belgian team Club Brugge , which ended 0–0 thanks to his heroic parries . Catania . On 30 January 2015 , he transferred to Catania , on a contract until 2017 . Loan to Mechelen . On 4 October 2015 , Gillet saved three penalties for Mechelen in a league game against Anderlecht . Standard Liège . On 17 March 2018 he played as Standard Liège beat Genk 1–0 in extra time to win the 2018 Belgian Cup Final and qualify for the UEFA Europa League . International career . In August 2009 , at the age of 30 , after a strong performance against Inter Milan for Bari , he was called up to the Belgian senior team in view of qualification for the 2010 World Cup against Spain and Armenia . He debuted 5 September 2009 in Spain , parrying a David Villa penalty , before conceding 5 goals . He conceded 2 goals in the next game , which saw the Belgian team defeated in Armenia by 2 to 1 . On 14 November , he kept a clean sheet in a friendly against Hungary and again against Qatar . Style of play . Considered to be a talented goalkeeper in his youth , Gillet was nicknamed the cat from Liège” , a reference to his birth–place and quick reflexes , which allowed him to compensate for his relatively modest stature for a goalkeeper of ; however , his size is also thought by some pundits to have limited his performances occasionally . Match fixing allegations . On 16 July 2013 , Gillet received a forty-three-month ban from football following his role in suspected match fixing during his time at Bari . On appeal this ban was reduced to 13 months , with return scheduled for August 2014 . Honours . Standard Liège - Belgian Cup : 2017–18 |
[
"duke of Carinthia"
] | easy | What was the noble title of Arnulf of Carinthia from 880 to 887? | /wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia#P97#0 | Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – December 8 , 899 ) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle , Emperor Charles the Fat , became the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887 , the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from February 22 , 896 until his death at Regensburg , Bavaria . Early life . Illegitimacy and early life . Arnulf was the illegitimate son of Carloman of Bavaria , and Liutswind , who may have been the sister of Ernst , Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate in the area of the Upper Palatinate , or perhaps the burgrave of Passau , according to other sources . After Arnulfs birth , Carloman married , before 861 , a daughter of that same Count Ernst , who died after 8 August 879 . As it is mainly West-Franconian historiography that speaks of Arnulfs illegitimacy , it is quite possible that the two females are actually one and the same person and that Carloman married Arnulfs mother , thus legitimizing his son . Arnulf was granted the rule over the Duchy of Carinthia , a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Carantania by his father Carloman , after Carloman reconciled with his own father , King Louis the German and was made king in the Duchy of Bavaria . Arnulf spent his childhood in Mosaburch or Mosapurc , which is widely believed to be Moosburg in Carinthia , a few miles away from one of the Imperial residences , the Carolingian Kaiserpfalz at Karnburg ( Krnski grad ) , which had been the residence of the Carantanian princes . Arnulf kept his seat here and from later events it may be inferred that the Carantanians , from an early time , treated him as their own Duke . Later , after he had been crowned King of East Francia , Arnulf turned his old territory of Carinthia into the March of Carinthia , a part of the Duchy of Bavaria . Regional ruler . After King Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke in 879 , Louis the Younger inherited Bavaria , Charles the Fat was given the Kingdom of Italy and Arnulf was confirmed in Carinthia by an agreement with Carloman . However , Bavaria was more or less ruled by Arnulf . Arnulf already ruled Bavaria during the summer and autumn of 879 while his father arranged his succession and he himself was granted Pannonia , in the words of the Annales Fuldenses , or Carantanum , in the words of Regino of Prüm . The division of the realm was confirmed in 880 after Carlomans death . When Engelschalk II of Pannonia in 882 rebelled against Aribo , Margrave of Pannonia and ignited the Wilhelminer War , Arnulf supported him and accepted his and his brothers homage . This ruined Arnulfs relationship with his uncle the Emperor and put him at war with Svatopluk of Moravia . Pannonia was invaded , but Arnulf refused to give up the young Wilhelminers . Arnulf did not make peace with Svatopluk until late 885 , by which time the Moravian ruler was loyal to the emperor . Some scholars see this war as destroying Arnulfs hopes of succeeding Charles the Fat . King of East Francia . Arnulf took the leading role in the deposition of his uncle , Emperor Charles the Fat . With the support of the Frankish nobles , Arnulf called a Diet at Tribur and deposed Charles in November 887 , under threat of military action . Charles peacefully agreed to this involuntary retirement , but not without first chastising his nephew for his treachery and asking for a few royal villas in Swabia , which Arnulf granted him , on which to live out his final months . Arnulf , having distinguished himself in the war against the Slavs , was then elected king by the nobles of East Francia ( only the eastern realm , though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish Empire ) . West Francia , the Kingdom of Burgundy and the Kingdom of Italy at this point elected their own kings from the Carolingian family . Like all early Germanic rulers , he was heavily involved in ecclesiastical disputes . In 895 , at the Diet of Tribur , he presided over a dispute between the Episcopal sees of Bremen , Hamburg and Cologne over jurisdictional authority , which saw Bremen and Hamburg remain a combined see , independent of the see of Cologne . Arnulf was a fighter , not a negotiator . In 890 he was successfully battling Slavs in Pannonia . In early/mid-891 , Vikings invaded Lotharingia , and crushed an East Frankish army at Maastricht . Terms such as Vikings , Danes , Northmen and Norwegians have been used loosely and interchangeably to describe these invaders . At the subsequent Battle of Leuven ( September 891 ) , in Lotharingia , Arnulf repelled the Vikings , and essentially ended their attacks on that front . The Annales Fuldenses report that there were so many dead Northmen that their bodies blocked the run of the river . After this victory Arnulf built a new castle on an island in the Dijle river ( Dutch : Dijle , English and French : Dyle ) . Intervention in West Francia . Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia after the death of Charles the Fat to secure the territory of Lotharingia , which he converted into a kingdom for his son Zwentibold . In 889 Arnulf supported the claim of Louis the Blind to the kingdom of Provence , after receiving a personal appeal from Louis mother , Ermengard , who came to see Arnulf at Forchheim in May 889 . Recognising the superiority of Arnulfs position , in 888 king Odo of France formally accepted the suzerainty of Arnulf . In 893 Arnulf switched his support from Odo to Charles the Simple after being persuaded by Fulk , Archbishop of Reims , that it was in his best interests . Arnulf then took advantage of the following fighting between Odo and Charles in 894 , harrying some territories of West Francia . At one point , Charles the Simple was forced to flee to Arnulf and ask for his protection . His intervention soon forced Pope Formosus to get involved , as he was worried that a divided and war weary West Francia would be easy prey for the Vikings . In 895 Arnulf summoned both Charles and Odo to his residence at Worms . Charless advisers convinced him not to go , and he sent a representative in his place . Odo , on the other hand , personally attended , together with a large retinue , bearing many gifts for Arnulf . Angered by the non-appearance of Charles , he welcomed Odo at the Diet of Worms in May 895 , and again supported Odos claim to the throne of West Francia . In the same assembly he crowned his illegitimate son Zwentibold as the king of Lotharingia . Wars with Moravia . As early as 880 Arnulf had designs on Great Moravia , and had the Frankish bishop Wiching of Nitra interfere with the missionary activities of the Eastern Orthodox priest Methodius , with the aim of preventing any potential for creating a unified Moravian state . Arnulf had formal relations with the ruler of the Moravian Kingdom , Svatopluk , using them to learn the latters military and political secrets . Later , these tactics were used to occupy the territory of the Greater Moravian state . Arnulf failed to conquer the whole of Great Moravia in wars of 892 , 893 , and 899 . Yet Arnulf did achieve some successes , in particular in 895 , when the Duchy of Bohemia broke away from Great Moravia and became his vassal state . An accord was reached between him and Duke of Bohemia Borivoj I ( reigned 870–95 ) . Bohemia was thus freed from the dangers of Frankish invasion . In 893 or 894 Great Moravia probably lost a part of its territory — present-day Western Hungary — to him . As a reward , Wiching became Arnulfs chancellor in 892 . In his attempts to conquer Moravia , in 899 Arnulf reached out to Magyars who had settled in Pannonia , and with their help he imposed a measure of control over Moravia . King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor . In Italy Guy III of Spoleto and Berengar of Friuli fought over the Iron Crown of Lombardy . Berengar had been crowned king in 887 , but Guy was then crowned in 889 . While Pope Stephen V supported Guy , even crowning him Roman Emperor in 891 , Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar . In 893 the new Pope Formosus , not trusting the newly crowned co-emperors Guy III of Spoleto and his son Lambert II of Spoleto , sent an embassy to Omuntesberch , where Arnulf was meeting with Svatopluk I of Moravia , to request that Arnulf come and liberate Italy , where he would be crowned emperor in Rome . Arnulf met the Primores of the Kingdom of Italy , dismissed them with gifts and promised to assist the pope . Arnulf then sent his son Zwentibold with a Bavarian army to join Berengar of Friuli . They defeated Guy , but were bought off and left in autumn . When Pope Formosus again asked Arnulf to invade , the duke personally led an army across the Alps early in 894 . In January 894 Bergamo fell , and Count Ambrose , Guys representative in the city , was hung from a tree by the citys gates . Conquering all of the territory north of the Po River , Arnulf forced the surrender of Milan and then drove Guy out of Pavia , where he was crowned King of Italy . Arnulf went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn , and a fever incapacitated his troops . His march northward through the Alps was interrupted by Rudolph I of Burgundy , and it was only with great difficulty that Arnulf crossed the mountain range . In retaliation , Arnulf ordered his illegitimate son Zwentibold to ravage Rudolphs kingdom . In the meantime , Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession , but when Pope Formosus , still desiring to crown Arnulf , refused , he was imprisoned in Castel SantAngelo . In September 895 a new papal embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulfs aid . In October Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy . He crossed the Alps quickly and again , took Pavia , but then he continued slowly , garnering support among the nobility of Tuscany . First Maginulf , Count of Milan , and then Walfred of Friuli , joined him . Eventually even Adalbert II of Tuscany abandoned Lambert . Finding Rome locked against him and held by Ageltrude , Arnulf had to take the city by force on February 21 , 896 , freeing the pope . Arnulf was then greeted at the Ponte Milvio by the Roman Senate who escorted him into the Leonine City , where he was received by Pope Formosus on the steps of the Santi Apostoli . On February 22 , 896 Formosus led the king into the church of St . Peter , anointed and crowned him as emperor , and saluted him as Augustus . Arnulf then proceeded to the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls , where he received the homage of the Roman people , who swore never to hand over the city to Lambert or his mother Ageltrude . Arnulf then proceeded to exile to Bavaria two leading senators , Constantine and Stephen , who had helped Ageltrude to seize Rome . Leaving one of his vassals , Farold , to hold Rome , two weeks later Arnulf marched on Spoleto , where Ageltrude had fled to join Lambert , but now Arnulf suffered a stroke , forcing him to call off the campaign and return to Bavaria . Rumours of the time made Arnulfs condition to be a result of poisoning at the hand of Ageltrude . Arnulf retained power in Italy only as long as he was personally there . On his way north , he stopped at Pavia where he crowned his illegitimate son Ratold , as sub-King of Italy , after which he left Ratold in Milan in an attempt to preserve his hold on Italy . That same year Pope Formosus died , leaving Lambert once again in power , and both he and Berengar proceeded to kill any officials who had been appointed by Arnulf , forcing Ratold to flee from Milan to Bavaria . For the rest of his life Arnulf exercised very little control in Italy , and his agents in Rome did not prevent the accession of Pope Stephen VI in 896 . The Pope initially gave his support to Arnulf , but eventually became a supporter of Lambert . Final years . After 896 Arnulfs health – besides suffering a stroke he had morbus pediculosis , viz. , infestation of pubic lice of the eyelid – prevented him from effectively dealing with the problems besetting his reign . Italy was lost , raiders from Moravia and Magyars were continually harassing his lands , and Lotharingia was in revolt against Zwentibold . He was also plagued by escalating violence and power struggles among the lower Frankish nobility . On December 8 , 899 , Arnulf died at Ratisbon in present-day Bavaria . He is entombed in St . Emmerams Basilica at Regensburg , which is now known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis , the palace of the Princes of Thurn und Taxis . He was succeeded as the king of East Francia by his only legitimate son from Ota ( died 903 ) , Louis the Child . After Louis death in 911 at age 17 or 18 , the east Frankish branch of the Carolingian dynasty ceased to exist . Arnulf had had the nobility recognize the rights of his illegitimate sons , Zwentibold and Ratold , as his successors . Zwentibold , whom he had made King of Lotharingia in 895 , continued to rule there until his murder in 900 . |
[
""
] | easy | What was the noble title of Arnulf of Carinthia from 887 to 899? | /wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia#P97#1 | Arnulf of Carinthia Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – December 8 , 899 ) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle , Emperor Charles the Fat , became the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887 , the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from February 22 , 896 until his death at Regensburg , Bavaria . Early life . Illegitimacy and early life . Arnulf was the illegitimate son of Carloman of Bavaria , and Liutswind , who may have been the sister of Ernst , Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate in the area of the Upper Palatinate , or perhaps the burgrave of Passau , according to other sources . After Arnulfs birth , Carloman married , before 861 , a daughter of that same Count Ernst , who died after 8 August 879 . As it is mainly West-Franconian historiography that speaks of Arnulfs illegitimacy , it is quite possible that the two females are actually one and the same person and that Carloman married Arnulfs mother , thus legitimizing his son . Arnulf was granted the rule over the Duchy of Carinthia , a Frankish vassal state and successor of the ancient Principality of Carantania by his father Carloman , after Carloman reconciled with his own father , King Louis the German and was made king in the Duchy of Bavaria . Arnulf spent his childhood in Mosaburch or Mosapurc , which is widely believed to be Moosburg in Carinthia , a few miles away from one of the Imperial residences , the Carolingian Kaiserpfalz at Karnburg ( Krnski grad ) , which had been the residence of the Carantanian princes . Arnulf kept his seat here and from later events it may be inferred that the Carantanians , from an early time , treated him as their own Duke . Later , after he had been crowned King of East Francia , Arnulf turned his old territory of Carinthia into the March of Carinthia , a part of the Duchy of Bavaria . Regional ruler . After King Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke in 879 , Louis the Younger inherited Bavaria , Charles the Fat was given the Kingdom of Italy and Arnulf was confirmed in Carinthia by an agreement with Carloman . However , Bavaria was more or less ruled by Arnulf . Arnulf already ruled Bavaria during the summer and autumn of 879 while his father arranged his succession and he himself was granted Pannonia , in the words of the Annales Fuldenses , or Carantanum , in the words of Regino of Prüm . The division of the realm was confirmed in 880 after Carlomans death . When Engelschalk II of Pannonia in 882 rebelled against Aribo , Margrave of Pannonia and ignited the Wilhelminer War , Arnulf supported him and accepted his and his brothers homage . This ruined Arnulfs relationship with his uncle the Emperor and put him at war with Svatopluk of Moravia . Pannonia was invaded , but Arnulf refused to give up the young Wilhelminers . Arnulf did not make peace with Svatopluk until late 885 , by which time the Moravian ruler was loyal to the emperor . Some scholars see this war as destroying Arnulfs hopes of succeeding Charles the Fat . King of East Francia . Arnulf took the leading role in the deposition of his uncle , Emperor Charles the Fat . With the support of the Frankish nobles , Arnulf called a Diet at Tribur and deposed Charles in November 887 , under threat of military action . Charles peacefully agreed to this involuntary retirement , but not without first chastising his nephew for his treachery and asking for a few royal villas in Swabia , which Arnulf granted him , on which to live out his final months . Arnulf , having distinguished himself in the war against the Slavs , was then elected king by the nobles of East Francia ( only the eastern realm , though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish Empire ) . West Francia , the Kingdom of Burgundy and the Kingdom of Italy at this point elected their own kings from the Carolingian family . Like all early Germanic rulers , he was heavily involved in ecclesiastical disputes . In 895 , at the Diet of Tribur , he presided over a dispute between the Episcopal sees of Bremen , Hamburg and Cologne over jurisdictional authority , which saw Bremen and Hamburg remain a combined see , independent of the see of Cologne . Arnulf was a fighter , not a negotiator . In 890 he was successfully battling Slavs in Pannonia . In early/mid-891 , Vikings invaded Lotharingia , and crushed an East Frankish army at Maastricht . Terms such as Vikings , Danes , Northmen and Norwegians have been used loosely and interchangeably to describe these invaders . At the subsequent Battle of Leuven ( September 891 ) , in Lotharingia , Arnulf repelled the Vikings , and essentially ended their attacks on that front . The Annales Fuldenses report that there were so many dead Northmen that their bodies blocked the run of the river . After this victory Arnulf built a new castle on an island in the Dijle river ( Dutch : Dijle , English and French : Dyle ) . Intervention in West Francia . Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia after the death of Charles the Fat to secure the territory of Lotharingia , which he converted into a kingdom for his son Zwentibold . In 889 Arnulf supported the claim of Louis the Blind to the kingdom of Provence , after receiving a personal appeal from Louis mother , Ermengard , who came to see Arnulf at Forchheim in May 889 . Recognising the superiority of Arnulfs position , in 888 king Odo of France formally accepted the suzerainty of Arnulf . In 893 Arnulf switched his support from Odo to Charles the Simple after being persuaded by Fulk , Archbishop of Reims , that it was in his best interests . Arnulf then took advantage of the following fighting between Odo and Charles in 894 , harrying some territories of West Francia . At one point , Charles the Simple was forced to flee to Arnulf and ask for his protection . His intervention soon forced Pope Formosus to get involved , as he was worried that a divided and war weary West Francia would be easy prey for the Vikings . In 895 Arnulf summoned both Charles and Odo to his residence at Worms . Charless advisers convinced him not to go , and he sent a representative in his place . Odo , on the other hand , personally attended , together with a large retinue , bearing many gifts for Arnulf . Angered by the non-appearance of Charles , he welcomed Odo at the Diet of Worms in May 895 , and again supported Odos claim to the throne of West Francia . In the same assembly he crowned his illegitimate son Zwentibold as the king of Lotharingia . Wars with Moravia . As early as 880 Arnulf had designs on Great Moravia , and had the Frankish bishop Wiching of Nitra interfere with the missionary activities of the Eastern Orthodox priest Methodius , with the aim of preventing any potential for creating a unified Moravian state . Arnulf had formal relations with the ruler of the Moravian Kingdom , Svatopluk , using them to learn the latters military and political secrets . Later , these tactics were used to occupy the territory of the Greater Moravian state . Arnulf failed to conquer the whole of Great Moravia in wars of 892 , 893 , and 899 . Yet Arnulf did achieve some successes , in particular in 895 , when the Duchy of Bohemia broke away from Great Moravia and became his vassal state . An accord was reached between him and Duke of Bohemia Borivoj I ( reigned 870–95 ) . Bohemia was thus freed from the dangers of Frankish invasion . In 893 or 894 Great Moravia probably lost a part of its territory — present-day Western Hungary — to him . As a reward , Wiching became Arnulfs chancellor in 892 . In his attempts to conquer Moravia , in 899 Arnulf reached out to Magyars who had settled in Pannonia , and with their help he imposed a measure of control over Moravia . King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor . In Italy Guy III of Spoleto and Berengar of Friuli fought over the Iron Crown of Lombardy . Berengar had been crowned king in 887 , but Guy was then crowned in 889 . While Pope Stephen V supported Guy , even crowning him Roman Emperor in 891 , Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar . In 893 the new Pope Formosus , not trusting the newly crowned co-emperors Guy III of Spoleto and his son Lambert II of Spoleto , sent an embassy to Omuntesberch , where Arnulf was meeting with Svatopluk I of Moravia , to request that Arnulf come and liberate Italy , where he would be crowned emperor in Rome . Arnulf met the Primores of the Kingdom of Italy , dismissed them with gifts and promised to assist the pope . Arnulf then sent his son Zwentibold with a Bavarian army to join Berengar of Friuli . They defeated Guy , but were bought off and left in autumn . When Pope Formosus again asked Arnulf to invade , the duke personally led an army across the Alps early in 894 . In January 894 Bergamo fell , and Count Ambrose , Guys representative in the city , was hung from a tree by the citys gates . Conquering all of the territory north of the Po River , Arnulf forced the surrender of Milan and then drove Guy out of Pavia , where he was crowned King of Italy . Arnulf went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn , and a fever incapacitated his troops . His march northward through the Alps was interrupted by Rudolph I of Burgundy , and it was only with great difficulty that Arnulf crossed the mountain range . In retaliation , Arnulf ordered his illegitimate son Zwentibold to ravage Rudolphs kingdom . In the meantime , Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession , but when Pope Formosus , still desiring to crown Arnulf , refused , he was imprisoned in Castel SantAngelo . In September 895 a new papal embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulfs aid . In October Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy . He crossed the Alps quickly and again , took Pavia , but then he continued slowly , garnering support among the nobility of Tuscany . First Maginulf , Count of Milan , and then Walfred of Friuli , joined him . Eventually even Adalbert II of Tuscany abandoned Lambert . Finding Rome locked against him and held by Ageltrude , Arnulf had to take the city by force on February 21 , 896 , freeing the pope . Arnulf was then greeted at the Ponte Milvio by the Roman Senate who escorted him into the Leonine City , where he was received by Pope Formosus on the steps of the Santi Apostoli . On February 22 , 896 Formosus led the king into the church of St . Peter , anointed and crowned him as emperor , and saluted him as Augustus . Arnulf then proceeded to the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls , where he received the homage of the Roman people , who swore never to hand over the city to Lambert or his mother Ageltrude . Arnulf then proceeded to exile to Bavaria two leading senators , Constantine and Stephen , who had helped Ageltrude to seize Rome . Leaving one of his vassals , Farold , to hold Rome , two weeks later Arnulf marched on Spoleto , where Ageltrude had fled to join Lambert , but now Arnulf suffered a stroke , forcing him to call off the campaign and return to Bavaria . Rumours of the time made Arnulfs condition to be a result of poisoning at the hand of Ageltrude . Arnulf retained power in Italy only as long as he was personally there . On his way north , he stopped at Pavia where he crowned his illegitimate son Ratold , as sub-King of Italy , after which he left Ratold in Milan in an attempt to preserve his hold on Italy . That same year Pope Formosus died , leaving Lambert once again in power , and both he and Berengar proceeded to kill any officials who had been appointed by Arnulf , forcing Ratold to flee from Milan to Bavaria . For the rest of his life Arnulf exercised very little control in Italy , and his agents in Rome did not prevent the accession of Pope Stephen VI in 896 . The Pope initially gave his support to Arnulf , but eventually became a supporter of Lambert . Final years . After 896 Arnulfs health – besides suffering a stroke he had morbus pediculosis , viz. , infestation of pubic lice of the eyelid – prevented him from effectively dealing with the problems besetting his reign . Italy was lost , raiders from Moravia and Magyars were continually harassing his lands , and Lotharingia was in revolt against Zwentibold . He was also plagued by escalating violence and power struggles among the lower Frankish nobility . On December 8 , 899 , Arnulf died at Ratisbon in present-day Bavaria . He is entombed in St . Emmerams Basilica at Regensburg , which is now known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis , the palace of the Princes of Thurn und Taxis . He was succeeded as the king of East Francia by his only legitimate son from Ota ( died 903 ) , Louis the Child . After Louis death in 911 at age 17 or 18 , the east Frankish branch of the Carolingian dynasty ceased to exist . Arnulf had had the nobility recognize the rights of his illegitimate sons , Zwentibold and Ratold , as his successors . Zwentibold , whom he had made King of Lotharingia in 895 , continued to rule there until his murder in 900 . |
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] | easy | What was the name of the employer Peter Donnelly work for from 1983 to 1984? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#0 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
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] | easy | What was the name of the employer Peter Donnelly work for from 1985 to 1988? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#1 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
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"Queen Mary College"
] | easy | Who did Peter Donnelly work for from 1988 to 1994? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#2 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
"University of Chicago"
] | easy | Which employer did Peter Donnelly work for from 1994 to 1996? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#3 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
"Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer Peter Donnelly work for from 1996 to 2007? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#4 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
"Oxford"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer Peter Donnelly work for from 2007 to Mar 2014? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#5 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
""
] | easy | Peter Donnelly was an employee for whom from Mar 2014 to Mar 2015? | /wiki/Peter_Donnelly#P108#6 | Peter Donnelly Sir Peter James Donnelly ( born 15 May 1959 ) is an Australian mathematician and Professor of Statistical Science at the University of Oxford , and the CEO of Genomics PLC . He is a specialist in applied probability and has made contributions to coalescent theory . His research group at Oxford has an international reputation for the development of statistical methodology to analyze genetic data . Background , family and education . Donnelly was born and raised in Brisbane , Queensland , the son of financial adviser , economic theorist and author Austin Donnelly and Sheila Donnelly . He is the brother of Sharon Donnelly and of eminent Australian financier , funds manager and company director Melda Donnelly . He was educated at St . Josephs Christian Brothers College , Gregory Terrace , the University of Queensland and Balliol College , Oxford . Professional life . When elected to a chair at Queen Mary College , London in 1988 Donnelly was only 29 , and possibly the youngest Professor in Great Britain . He held a chair at the University of Chicago ( 1994–96 ) and was head of the Department of Statistics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2001 . From 2007 to 2018 , he was Director , Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics ( WTCHG ) in Oxford . He is a fellow at St Annes College , Oxford . Many leading statistical geneticists worked with Donnelly as young researchers including David Balding , Carsten Wiuf , Matthew Stephens and Jonathan Pritchard . One area in which he has a leading reputation is in the interpretation of DNA evidence . He has acted as an expert witness on forensic science in criminal trials . He is noted for his collaborative work with biologists . He has been heavily involved in a number of large scale projects , such as the International HapMap Project and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , a genome-wide association study . In 2015 , Donnelly was elected as Chairman of the Royal Societys Machine Learning Working Group Awards and honours . Donnelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and also elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2008 . Other significant awards and honours have included : - 1980 University Medal , University of Queensland - 1980-1983 Rhodes Scholarship - 1984-1985 University of Wales Research Fellowship - 1988 Elected Ordinary Member of the International Statistical Institute - 1990 Special Invited Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1990-1995 SERC Advanced Fellowship - 1995 Elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics - 1999 Elected Honorary Fellow , Institute of Actuaries - 2000 Bernoulli Lecturer , 5th World Congress of the Bernoulli Society - 2001 Forum Lecturer , European Meeting of Statisticians - 2002 Editors Invited Paper , Statistical Society of Australia - 2002 Mitchell Prize , of the American Statistical Association and ISBA - 2004 Guy Medal in Silver , Royal Statistical Society - 2007 Medallion Lecturer , Institute of Mathematical Statistics . - 2007 The main paper from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium , which Donnelly chaired , won several awards , including The Lancet s Paper of the Year , Scientific American s Research Leader of the Year , the Amadeus Prize , and one of Natures Editors Picks for 2007 . - 2009 Awarded the Weldon Memorial Prize Donnelly was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the understanding of human genetics in disease . |
[
""
] | easy | Which position did Kamla Beniwal hold from 1954 to Oct 2009? | /wiki/Kamla_Beniwal#P39#0 | Kamla Beniwal Kamla Beniwal ( born 12 January 1927 ) is an Indian politician . She was a senior member of Indian National Congress party . She served as a minister on different posts and Deputy Chief Minister during different time in Rajasthan . Later she served as Governor of different Indian states between 2009 and 2014 . She became the first woman minister in Rajasthan in 1954 at the age of 27 . She served as Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 2003 . She also served as governor of Tripura ( 2009 ) , Gujarat ( 2009-2014 ) and Mizoram ( 2014 ) . She has been the first ever woman Governor of any northeastern state . She was awarded Tamrapatra by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in recognition of her contribution in the freedom struggle . Political career . After completing her education she joined Indian National Congress . In 1954 , at the age of 27 , she won the Legislative Assembly election and became a minister in the Rajasthan state government . Beniwal has been a minister in successive Congress governments in Rajasthan since 1954 , holding various important portfolios including home , medical and health , education and agriculture . She was the revenue minister in the Ashok Gehlot government . For a decade , from 1980 to 1990 , she was a cabinet minister in the Rajasthan government . During this time she held a sheer diversity of portfolios such as Agriculture , Animal husbandry , Irrigation , Labor and Employment , Education , Art and Culture , Tourism and Integrated Rural development . In 1993 she was no longer a minister but still was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Bairath ( now Viratnagar ) , Jaipur . She became a cabinet minister again in 1998 , and was the Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 2003 . In her long career she has been closely associated with the functioning of the state Congress party and is a member of the All India Congress Committee . Among the party posts she has held as the joint secretary of the Pradesh Congress Committee during 1977 elections , member of the Rajasthan Congress Executive Committee , President of the Rajasthan Mahila Congress , member of the Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee , and then the Chairman of the Election Campaign Committee . Beniwal was a minister in the State Government of Rajasthan for an extensive period of time , holding different cabinets . As a minister , she has served the Rajasthan Government for nearly 50 years . She was appointed Governor of Tripura in October 2009 . She was the first female governor of any state of Northeast India . A month later , she was appointed as the Governor of Gujarat on 27 November 2009 where she served for more than four years . On 6 July 2014 , she was transferred to the post of Governor of Mizoram . Various positions held . - Positions held for Indian National Congress - Member – All India Congress Committee , New Delhi . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee ( PEC ) . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Executive Committee , Jaipur . - Member – Jaipur Rural District Congress Executive Committee . - Chairman – Election Campaign Committee , Rajasthan . - Joint Secretary – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee from 1977–80 . - President – Rajasthan Pradesh Mahila Congress . - Member – Pradesh Congress Sub-Committee for drafting message with respect to the letdowns of the Bharitiya Janata Party Government in Rajasthan . - Convener – Rajasthan Pradesh Sadbhavna Yatra Publicity Sub-Committee . - Other posts - Member of the Executive Committee of All India Panchayat . - Chairperson – Rajasthan State Social Welfare Board and per se launched the projects for Women and Child Welfare in the state . - Vice-President , S.O.S . Children Village , Jaipur . - Executive Committee Member , Banasthali Vidhyapeeth , District Tonk , Rajasthan - President , Rajasthan Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan , Jaipur - Positions held in Co-operative Campaign after 1955 ; Beniwal is one of the founder members of the Co-operative Movement and different important organisations in the state of Rajasthan . She held the following positions in these organisations : - President of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - General Secretary of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - Member , General Body , Executive Committee , and Governing Council of National Co-operative Union of India , Khelgaon , New Delhi . - Member , General Body and Executive Committee of All India Co-Operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi . - Chairman , Women Co-operative Advisory Committee ( NCUI ) , New Delhi . - President , Co-Operative College Jaipur . - Member , Women Committee of International Co-operative Alliance , London – UK . - Member – Women Consultative Committee ( NCUI ) New Delhi . - Member – Co-operative Training College ( NCUI ) , Jaipur . Achievements . Other than being a quite senior member of the Indian National Congress , Beniwal is famous as a minister of good quality , honesty , and excellent performance . She had managed all the operations of her departments with comprehensive learning and diligence . She has lucid ideas about her task and was quite energetic to muster her officials to keep high standards of operation . As Agriculture Minister of the state , she was a key functionary in the setting up of Rajasthan Agriculture University in Bikaner . As an Irrigation Minister , she completed the fabulous task of making district programmes of approximately 48,000 water harvesting plants in Rajasthan . As a result , a huge number of small , medium , and big projects are underway . This is certainly good news for farmers who suffer from drought . She had a key role in setting up the National Institute of Ayurved , at Jaipur . With her firm endeavour , she has also set up a Sanskrit University at Jaipur . Beniwal is one of the most committed and senior co-operators in India . She has served as the representative of the Rajasthan unit in National Co-operative Union of India in different ranks for nearly 20 years . As one of the limited and leading co-operators in India , Beniwal has been linked with the primary association of the All India Co-operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi , which is currently named as the National Co-operative Union of India ( NCUI ) . From the very start of Co-operative Union , Beniwal was dynamically involved in the campaign to turn it into a real spokesperson establishment of the countrywide co-operative campaign . She received the Best Co-operator of India Award conferred by IFFCO in 1994 – 95 . Controversies . Appointment of Gujarat Lokayukta . The Lokayukta is a state-level body for monitoring the government , particularly for corruption . In August 2011 , Beniwal appointed Justice R A Mehta as the Lokayukta . She did this under Section 3 of the Gujarat Lokayukta Act , 1986 , which gives the governor the right to appoint Lokayukta without consulting the government , when there has been a long delay in making the appointment . In so doing , Beniwal bypassed the Narendra Modi government of Gujarat , which had been sitting on the matter since 2004 . Justice Mehta had been recommended by the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court in June 2011 , but the government did not act on the suggestion . In August , the father of murdered RTI activist Amit Jethwa filed Public Interest Litigation in the High Court , which then served a show cause notice on the government for the delay in the appointment of the Lokayukta . In response , the Gujarat state cabinet set up a committee of five ministers to look into the matter . The unilateral action of the governor was challenged in the Gujarat High Court by the government of Gujarat . On 18 January 2012 , the Lokyukta appointment was upheld by the court . The next day , the government of Gujarat further appealed to the Supreme Court by filing a special leave petition . On 2 January 2013 , the Supreme Court too upheld the appointment , while noting that the Lokayukta post lying vacant for nine years reflected a very sorry state of affairs . The bench said the process of consultation by the Governor with the then Chief Justice stood complete , and in such a situation , the appointment of Justice Mehta cannot be held illegal . It noted that the Governor is bound to act under the advice of the Council of Ministers , but the appointment of Justice Mehta is right as it was done in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court . It also observed that the Governor has misjudged her role and has insisted that under the Lokayukta Act , the Council of Ministers has no role to play in the appointment of the Lokayukta . On 6 July 2014 , Beniwal became governor of Mizoram . |
[
"Governor of Tripura in October"
] | easy | What was the position of Kamla Beniwal in Oct 2009? | /wiki/Kamla_Beniwal#P39#1 | Kamla Beniwal Kamla Beniwal ( born 12 January 1927 ) is an Indian politician . She was a senior member of Indian National Congress party . She served as a minister on different posts and Deputy Chief Minister during different time in Rajasthan . Later she served as Governor of different Indian states between 2009 and 2014 . She became the first woman minister in Rajasthan in 1954 at the age of 27 . She served as Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 2003 . She also served as governor of Tripura ( 2009 ) , Gujarat ( 2009-2014 ) and Mizoram ( 2014 ) . She has been the first ever woman Governor of any northeastern state . She was awarded Tamrapatra by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in recognition of her contribution in the freedom struggle . Political career . After completing her education she joined Indian National Congress . In 1954 , at the age of 27 , she won the Legislative Assembly election and became a minister in the Rajasthan state government . Beniwal has been a minister in successive Congress governments in Rajasthan since 1954 , holding various important portfolios including home , medical and health , education and agriculture . She was the revenue minister in the Ashok Gehlot government . For a decade , from 1980 to 1990 , she was a cabinet minister in the Rajasthan government . During this time she held a sheer diversity of portfolios such as Agriculture , Animal husbandry , Irrigation , Labor and Employment , Education , Art and Culture , Tourism and Integrated Rural development . In 1993 she was no longer a minister but still was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Bairath ( now Viratnagar ) , Jaipur . She became a cabinet minister again in 1998 , and was the Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 2003 . In her long career she has been closely associated with the functioning of the state Congress party and is a member of the All India Congress Committee . Among the party posts she has held as the joint secretary of the Pradesh Congress Committee during 1977 elections , member of the Rajasthan Congress Executive Committee , President of the Rajasthan Mahila Congress , member of the Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee , and then the Chairman of the Election Campaign Committee . Beniwal was a minister in the State Government of Rajasthan for an extensive period of time , holding different cabinets . As a minister , she has served the Rajasthan Government for nearly 50 years . She was appointed Governor of Tripura in October 2009 . She was the first female governor of any state of Northeast India . A month later , she was appointed as the Governor of Gujarat on 27 November 2009 where she served for more than four years . On 6 July 2014 , she was transferred to the post of Governor of Mizoram . Various positions held . - Positions held for Indian National Congress - Member – All India Congress Committee , New Delhi . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee ( PEC ) . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Executive Committee , Jaipur . - Member – Jaipur Rural District Congress Executive Committee . - Chairman – Election Campaign Committee , Rajasthan . - Joint Secretary – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee from 1977–80 . - President – Rajasthan Pradesh Mahila Congress . - Member – Pradesh Congress Sub-Committee for drafting message with respect to the letdowns of the Bharitiya Janata Party Government in Rajasthan . - Convener – Rajasthan Pradesh Sadbhavna Yatra Publicity Sub-Committee . - Other posts - Member of the Executive Committee of All India Panchayat . - Chairperson – Rajasthan State Social Welfare Board and per se launched the projects for Women and Child Welfare in the state . - Vice-President , S.O.S . Children Village , Jaipur . - Executive Committee Member , Banasthali Vidhyapeeth , District Tonk , Rajasthan - President , Rajasthan Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan , Jaipur - Positions held in Co-operative Campaign after 1955 ; Beniwal is one of the founder members of the Co-operative Movement and different important organisations in the state of Rajasthan . She held the following positions in these organisations : - President of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - General Secretary of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - Member , General Body , Executive Committee , and Governing Council of National Co-operative Union of India , Khelgaon , New Delhi . - Member , General Body and Executive Committee of All India Co-Operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi . - Chairman , Women Co-operative Advisory Committee ( NCUI ) , New Delhi . - President , Co-Operative College Jaipur . - Member , Women Committee of International Co-operative Alliance , London – UK . - Member – Women Consultative Committee ( NCUI ) New Delhi . - Member – Co-operative Training College ( NCUI ) , Jaipur . Achievements . Other than being a quite senior member of the Indian National Congress , Beniwal is famous as a minister of good quality , honesty , and excellent performance . She had managed all the operations of her departments with comprehensive learning and diligence . She has lucid ideas about her task and was quite energetic to muster her officials to keep high standards of operation . As Agriculture Minister of the state , she was a key functionary in the setting up of Rajasthan Agriculture University in Bikaner . As an Irrigation Minister , she completed the fabulous task of making district programmes of approximately 48,000 water harvesting plants in Rajasthan . As a result , a huge number of small , medium , and big projects are underway . This is certainly good news for farmers who suffer from drought . She had a key role in setting up the National Institute of Ayurved , at Jaipur . With her firm endeavour , she has also set up a Sanskrit University at Jaipur . Beniwal is one of the most committed and senior co-operators in India . She has served as the representative of the Rajasthan unit in National Co-operative Union of India in different ranks for nearly 20 years . As one of the limited and leading co-operators in India , Beniwal has been linked with the primary association of the All India Co-operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi , which is currently named as the National Co-operative Union of India ( NCUI ) . From the very start of Co-operative Union , Beniwal was dynamically involved in the campaign to turn it into a real spokesperson establishment of the countrywide co-operative campaign . She received the Best Co-operator of India Award conferred by IFFCO in 1994 – 95 . Controversies . Appointment of Gujarat Lokayukta . The Lokayukta is a state-level body for monitoring the government , particularly for corruption . In August 2011 , Beniwal appointed Justice R A Mehta as the Lokayukta . She did this under Section 3 of the Gujarat Lokayukta Act , 1986 , which gives the governor the right to appoint Lokayukta without consulting the government , when there has been a long delay in making the appointment . In so doing , Beniwal bypassed the Narendra Modi government of Gujarat , which had been sitting on the matter since 2004 . Justice Mehta had been recommended by the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court in June 2011 , but the government did not act on the suggestion . In August , the father of murdered RTI activist Amit Jethwa filed Public Interest Litigation in the High Court , which then served a show cause notice on the government for the delay in the appointment of the Lokayukta . In response , the Gujarat state cabinet set up a committee of five ministers to look into the matter . The unilateral action of the governor was challenged in the Gujarat High Court by the government of Gujarat . On 18 January 2012 , the Lokyukta appointment was upheld by the court . The next day , the government of Gujarat further appealed to the Supreme Court by filing a special leave petition . On 2 January 2013 , the Supreme Court too upheld the appointment , while noting that the Lokayukta post lying vacant for nine years reflected a very sorry state of affairs . The bench said the process of consultation by the Governor with the then Chief Justice stood complete , and in such a situation , the appointment of Justice Mehta cannot be held illegal . It noted that the Governor is bound to act under the advice of the Council of Ministers , but the appointment of Justice Mehta is right as it was done in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court . It also observed that the Governor has misjudged her role and has insisted that under the Lokayukta Act , the Council of Ministers has no role to play in the appointment of the Lokayukta . On 6 July 2014 , Beniwal became governor of Mizoram . |
[
"Governor of Gujarat"
] | easy | Kamla Beniwal took which position from Nov 2009 to Jul 2014? | /wiki/Kamla_Beniwal#P39#2 | Kamla Beniwal Kamla Beniwal ( born 12 January 1927 ) is an Indian politician . She was a senior member of Indian National Congress party . She served as a minister on different posts and Deputy Chief Minister during different time in Rajasthan . Later she served as Governor of different Indian states between 2009 and 2014 . She became the first woman minister in Rajasthan in 1954 at the age of 27 . She served as Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 2003 . She also served as governor of Tripura ( 2009 ) , Gujarat ( 2009-2014 ) and Mizoram ( 2014 ) . She has been the first ever woman Governor of any northeastern state . She was awarded Tamrapatra by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in recognition of her contribution in the freedom struggle . Political career . After completing her education she joined Indian National Congress . In 1954 , at the age of 27 , she won the Legislative Assembly election and became a minister in the Rajasthan state government . Beniwal has been a minister in successive Congress governments in Rajasthan since 1954 , holding various important portfolios including home , medical and health , education and agriculture . She was the revenue minister in the Ashok Gehlot government . For a decade , from 1980 to 1990 , she was a cabinet minister in the Rajasthan government . During this time she held a sheer diversity of portfolios such as Agriculture , Animal husbandry , Irrigation , Labor and Employment , Education , Art and Culture , Tourism and Integrated Rural development . In 1993 she was no longer a minister but still was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Bairath ( now Viratnagar ) , Jaipur . She became a cabinet minister again in 1998 , and was the Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 2003 . In her long career she has been closely associated with the functioning of the state Congress party and is a member of the All India Congress Committee . Among the party posts she has held as the joint secretary of the Pradesh Congress Committee during 1977 elections , member of the Rajasthan Congress Executive Committee , President of the Rajasthan Mahila Congress , member of the Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee , and then the Chairman of the Election Campaign Committee . Beniwal was a minister in the State Government of Rajasthan for an extensive period of time , holding different cabinets . As a minister , she has served the Rajasthan Government for nearly 50 years . She was appointed Governor of Tripura in October 2009 . She was the first female governor of any state of Northeast India . A month later , she was appointed as the Governor of Gujarat on 27 November 2009 where she served for more than four years . On 6 July 2014 , she was transferred to the post of Governor of Mizoram . Various positions held . - Positions held for Indian National Congress - Member – All India Congress Committee , New Delhi . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee ( PEC ) . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Executive Committee , Jaipur . - Member – Jaipur Rural District Congress Executive Committee . - Chairman – Election Campaign Committee , Rajasthan . - Joint Secretary – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee from 1977–80 . - President – Rajasthan Pradesh Mahila Congress . - Member – Pradesh Congress Sub-Committee for drafting message with respect to the letdowns of the Bharitiya Janata Party Government in Rajasthan . - Convener – Rajasthan Pradesh Sadbhavna Yatra Publicity Sub-Committee . - Other posts - Member of the Executive Committee of All India Panchayat . - Chairperson – Rajasthan State Social Welfare Board and per se launched the projects for Women and Child Welfare in the state . - Vice-President , S.O.S . Children Village , Jaipur . - Executive Committee Member , Banasthali Vidhyapeeth , District Tonk , Rajasthan - President , Rajasthan Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan , Jaipur - Positions held in Co-operative Campaign after 1955 ; Beniwal is one of the founder members of the Co-operative Movement and different important organisations in the state of Rajasthan . She held the following positions in these organisations : - President of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - General Secretary of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - Member , General Body , Executive Committee , and Governing Council of National Co-operative Union of India , Khelgaon , New Delhi . - Member , General Body and Executive Committee of All India Co-Operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi . - Chairman , Women Co-operative Advisory Committee ( NCUI ) , New Delhi . - President , Co-Operative College Jaipur . - Member , Women Committee of International Co-operative Alliance , London – UK . - Member – Women Consultative Committee ( NCUI ) New Delhi . - Member – Co-operative Training College ( NCUI ) , Jaipur . Achievements . Other than being a quite senior member of the Indian National Congress , Beniwal is famous as a minister of good quality , honesty , and excellent performance . She had managed all the operations of her departments with comprehensive learning and diligence . She has lucid ideas about her task and was quite energetic to muster her officials to keep high standards of operation . As Agriculture Minister of the state , she was a key functionary in the setting up of Rajasthan Agriculture University in Bikaner . As an Irrigation Minister , she completed the fabulous task of making district programmes of approximately 48,000 water harvesting plants in Rajasthan . As a result , a huge number of small , medium , and big projects are underway . This is certainly good news for farmers who suffer from drought . She had a key role in setting up the National Institute of Ayurved , at Jaipur . With her firm endeavour , she has also set up a Sanskrit University at Jaipur . Beniwal is one of the most committed and senior co-operators in India . She has served as the representative of the Rajasthan unit in National Co-operative Union of India in different ranks for nearly 20 years . As one of the limited and leading co-operators in India , Beniwal has been linked with the primary association of the All India Co-operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi , which is currently named as the National Co-operative Union of India ( NCUI ) . From the very start of Co-operative Union , Beniwal was dynamically involved in the campaign to turn it into a real spokesperson establishment of the countrywide co-operative campaign . She received the Best Co-operator of India Award conferred by IFFCO in 1994 – 95 . Controversies . Appointment of Gujarat Lokayukta . The Lokayukta is a state-level body for monitoring the government , particularly for corruption . In August 2011 , Beniwal appointed Justice R A Mehta as the Lokayukta . She did this under Section 3 of the Gujarat Lokayukta Act , 1986 , which gives the governor the right to appoint Lokayukta without consulting the government , when there has been a long delay in making the appointment . In so doing , Beniwal bypassed the Narendra Modi government of Gujarat , which had been sitting on the matter since 2004 . Justice Mehta had been recommended by the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court in June 2011 , but the government did not act on the suggestion . In August , the father of murdered RTI activist Amit Jethwa filed Public Interest Litigation in the High Court , which then served a show cause notice on the government for the delay in the appointment of the Lokayukta . In response , the Gujarat state cabinet set up a committee of five ministers to look into the matter . The unilateral action of the governor was challenged in the Gujarat High Court by the government of Gujarat . On 18 January 2012 , the Lokyukta appointment was upheld by the court . The next day , the government of Gujarat further appealed to the Supreme Court by filing a special leave petition . On 2 January 2013 , the Supreme Court too upheld the appointment , while noting that the Lokayukta post lying vacant for nine years reflected a very sorry state of affairs . The bench said the process of consultation by the Governor with the then Chief Justice stood complete , and in such a situation , the appointment of Justice Mehta cannot be held illegal . It noted that the Governor is bound to act under the advice of the Council of Ministers , but the appointment of Justice Mehta is right as it was done in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court . It also observed that the Governor has misjudged her role and has insisted that under the Lokayukta Act , the Council of Ministers has no role to play in the appointment of the Lokayukta . On 6 July 2014 , Beniwal became governor of Mizoram . |
[
"governor of Mizoram"
] | easy | Which position did Kamla Beniwal hold in Jul 2014? | /wiki/Kamla_Beniwal#P39#3 | Kamla Beniwal Kamla Beniwal ( born 12 January 1927 ) is an Indian politician . She was a senior member of Indian National Congress party . She served as a minister on different posts and Deputy Chief Minister during different time in Rajasthan . Later she served as Governor of different Indian states between 2009 and 2014 . She became the first woman minister in Rajasthan in 1954 at the age of 27 . She served as Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan in 2003 . She also served as governor of Tripura ( 2009 ) , Gujarat ( 2009-2014 ) and Mizoram ( 2014 ) . She has been the first ever woman Governor of any northeastern state . She was awarded Tamrapatra by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in recognition of her contribution in the freedom struggle . Political career . After completing her education she joined Indian National Congress . In 1954 , at the age of 27 , she won the Legislative Assembly election and became a minister in the Rajasthan state government . Beniwal has been a minister in successive Congress governments in Rajasthan since 1954 , holding various important portfolios including home , medical and health , education and agriculture . She was the revenue minister in the Ashok Gehlot government . For a decade , from 1980 to 1990 , she was a cabinet minister in the Rajasthan government . During this time she held a sheer diversity of portfolios such as Agriculture , Animal husbandry , Irrigation , Labor and Employment , Education , Art and Culture , Tourism and Integrated Rural development . In 1993 she was no longer a minister but still was elected to the Legislative Assembly from Bairath ( now Viratnagar ) , Jaipur . She became a cabinet minister again in 1998 , and was the Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 2003 . In her long career she has been closely associated with the functioning of the state Congress party and is a member of the All India Congress Committee . Among the party posts she has held as the joint secretary of the Pradesh Congress Committee during 1977 elections , member of the Rajasthan Congress Executive Committee , President of the Rajasthan Mahila Congress , member of the Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee , and then the Chairman of the Election Campaign Committee . Beniwal was a minister in the State Government of Rajasthan for an extensive period of time , holding different cabinets . As a minister , she has served the Rajasthan Government for nearly 50 years . She was appointed Governor of Tripura in October 2009 . She was the first female governor of any state of Northeast India . A month later , she was appointed as the Governor of Gujarat on 27 November 2009 where she served for more than four years . On 6 July 2014 , she was transferred to the post of Governor of Mizoram . Various positions held . - Positions held for Indian National Congress - Member – All India Congress Committee , New Delhi . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Election Committee ( PEC ) . - Member – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Executive Committee , Jaipur . - Member – Jaipur Rural District Congress Executive Committee . - Chairman – Election Campaign Committee , Rajasthan . - Joint Secretary – Rajasthan Pradesh Congress Committee from 1977–80 . - President – Rajasthan Pradesh Mahila Congress . - Member – Pradesh Congress Sub-Committee for drafting message with respect to the letdowns of the Bharitiya Janata Party Government in Rajasthan . - Convener – Rajasthan Pradesh Sadbhavna Yatra Publicity Sub-Committee . - Other posts - Member of the Executive Committee of All India Panchayat . - Chairperson – Rajasthan State Social Welfare Board and per se launched the projects for Women and Child Welfare in the state . - Vice-President , S.O.S . Children Village , Jaipur . - Executive Committee Member , Banasthali Vidhyapeeth , District Tonk , Rajasthan - President , Rajasthan Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan , Jaipur - Positions held in Co-operative Campaign after 1955 ; Beniwal is one of the founder members of the Co-operative Movement and different important organisations in the state of Rajasthan . She held the following positions in these organisations : - President of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - General Secretary of Rajasthan State Co-operative Union , Jaipur . - Member , General Body , Executive Committee , and Governing Council of National Co-operative Union of India , Khelgaon , New Delhi . - Member , General Body and Executive Committee of All India Co-Operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi . - Chairman , Women Co-operative Advisory Committee ( NCUI ) , New Delhi . - President , Co-Operative College Jaipur . - Member , Women Committee of International Co-operative Alliance , London – UK . - Member – Women Consultative Committee ( NCUI ) New Delhi . - Member – Co-operative Training College ( NCUI ) , Jaipur . Achievements . Other than being a quite senior member of the Indian National Congress , Beniwal is famous as a minister of good quality , honesty , and excellent performance . She had managed all the operations of her departments with comprehensive learning and diligence . She has lucid ideas about her task and was quite energetic to muster her officials to keep high standards of operation . As Agriculture Minister of the state , she was a key functionary in the setting up of Rajasthan Agriculture University in Bikaner . As an Irrigation Minister , she completed the fabulous task of making district programmes of approximately 48,000 water harvesting plants in Rajasthan . As a result , a huge number of small , medium , and big projects are underway . This is certainly good news for farmers who suffer from drought . She had a key role in setting up the National Institute of Ayurved , at Jaipur . With her firm endeavour , she has also set up a Sanskrit University at Jaipur . Beniwal is one of the most committed and senior co-operators in India . She has served as the representative of the Rajasthan unit in National Co-operative Union of India in different ranks for nearly 20 years . As one of the limited and leading co-operators in India , Beniwal has been linked with the primary association of the All India Co-operative Union , Jorbagh , New Delhi , which is currently named as the National Co-operative Union of India ( NCUI ) . From the very start of Co-operative Union , Beniwal was dynamically involved in the campaign to turn it into a real spokesperson establishment of the countrywide co-operative campaign . She received the Best Co-operator of India Award conferred by IFFCO in 1994 – 95 . Controversies . Appointment of Gujarat Lokayukta . The Lokayukta is a state-level body for monitoring the government , particularly for corruption . In August 2011 , Beniwal appointed Justice R A Mehta as the Lokayukta . She did this under Section 3 of the Gujarat Lokayukta Act , 1986 , which gives the governor the right to appoint Lokayukta without consulting the government , when there has been a long delay in making the appointment . In so doing , Beniwal bypassed the Narendra Modi government of Gujarat , which had been sitting on the matter since 2004 . Justice Mehta had been recommended by the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court in June 2011 , but the government did not act on the suggestion . In August , the father of murdered RTI activist Amit Jethwa filed Public Interest Litigation in the High Court , which then served a show cause notice on the government for the delay in the appointment of the Lokayukta . In response , the Gujarat state cabinet set up a committee of five ministers to look into the matter . The unilateral action of the governor was challenged in the Gujarat High Court by the government of Gujarat . On 18 January 2012 , the Lokyukta appointment was upheld by the court . The next day , the government of Gujarat further appealed to the Supreme Court by filing a special leave petition . On 2 January 2013 , the Supreme Court too upheld the appointment , while noting that the Lokayukta post lying vacant for nine years reflected a very sorry state of affairs . The bench said the process of consultation by the Governor with the then Chief Justice stood complete , and in such a situation , the appointment of Justice Mehta cannot be held illegal . It noted that the Governor is bound to act under the advice of the Council of Ministers , but the appointment of Justice Mehta is right as it was done in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Gujarat High Court . It also observed that the Governor has misjudged her role and has insisted that under the Lokayukta Act , the Council of Ministers has no role to play in the appointment of the Lokayukta . On 6 July 2014 , Beniwal became governor of Mizoram . |
[
"Heinrich Liebe"
] | easy | Who was the commander of German submarine U-38 (1938) from Oct 1938 to Jul 1941? | /wiki/German_submarine_U-38_(1938)#P4791#0 | German submarine U-38 ( 1938 ) German submarine U-38 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germanys Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 15 April 1937 , by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 943 . She was launched on 9 August 1938 and commissioned on 24 October with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe in command . U-38 conducted eleven patrols , as part of several flotillas . During her career , she sank over 30 enemy vessels and damaged a further one . U-38 ranks as one of the most successful U-boats in World War II . She was scuttled west of Wesermünde ( modern Bremerhaven ) on 5 May 1945 . Throughout the war , the U-Boat suffered no losses among her crew . Design . As one of the eight original German Type IX submarines , later designated IXA , U-38 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged . The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke , nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced , two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged . She had two shafts and two propellers . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged , the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced , she could travel at . U-38 was fitted with six torpedo tubes ( four fitted at the bow and two at the stern ) , 22 torpedoes , one SK C/32 naval gun , 180 rounds , and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun . The boat had a complement of forty-eight . Service history . 1st Patrol . U-38 left the port of Wilhelmshaven on 19 August 1939 . The boat operated off the coast of Lisbon , returning to port on 18 September . During this four-week period , she sank two ships . On 5 September 1939 U-38 stopped the French ship Pluvoise , examined her papers and released her . Pluvoise broadcast the event , warning others of the U-boat . For this , Liebe was reprimanded . The already strict rules restricting submarine warfare were further tightened to prevent a recurrence of the event and all U-boats were instructed to avoid contact with any French merchant vessels . The British steam freighter SS Manaar was sunk on 6 September 1939 . U-38 opened fire on the freighter , intending to stop her , but she returned fire . This was the first time that a merchantman fired at a U-boat . Stunned by this unexpected response , U-38 dived and sank Manaar with torpedoes . Citing the fact that Manaar had fired at him , Liebe did not assist the survivors , reasoning that the vessel was exempted from protection by the Submarine Protocol . Berlin would release to the media the narrative that the Manaar had fired on U-38 on sight . While Karl Dönitz did not believe that his submarines should have to maintain adherence to the Submarine Protocol in the face of armed merchantmen , due to the political situation , restrictions remained in force after this incident and he was merely able to issue instruction to all submarines to exercise caution . Radio Officer James Turner remained at his post until the last moment . As he was leaving he found two Lascars , one badly injured . Turner rescued both men while under continuous fire from U-38 , for this he was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal . On 11 September 1939 , while flying the Irish tricolour , Inverliffey was shelled and sunk . In spite of Captain William Trowsdales protestation that they were Irish , Liebe said that they were sorry but they would sink Inverliffey as she was carrying contraband petrol to England . The crew took to the lifeboats . Inverliffey burned fiercely , endangering the lifeboats . At risk to herself , the German submarine approached , threw lines to the lifeboats and towed them to safety . As Captain Trowsdales lifeboat was damaged , the occupants were allowed to board the U-boat . The captain did not have a lifebelt , so he was given one . U-38 stopped the American tanker R.G . Stewart and put Inverliffeys crew on board . Just two days earlier , Inver tankers transferred its ships from the Irish to the British registry . 2nd Patrol . After nearly two months in port , U-38 left Wilhelmshaven , again with Heinrich Liebe in command , on 12 November 1939 . This second patrol was to see the boat operate in the waters northwest of Norway . On 17 November 1939 , Naval High Command ( SKL ) issued orders for U-38 and to scout the location for Basis Nord , a secret German naval base to be used for raids on allied shipping which was located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union . The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location . U-36 never left the Norwegian Sea and was sunk by the British submarine . U-38 rounded the North Cape uneventfully and arrived in Teriberka Bay by mid-afternoon on 26 November . Running silently into the bay , U-38 had to avoid being spotted by merchant vessels in order to help maintain the Soviet Unions attempted appearance of neutrality at that time . U-38s captain commented that , while in the area of the North Cape and the Kola Peninsula , he had observed thirty to forty targets and regrettably had been harmless to [ all ] of them . After completing the clandestine reconnaissance mission , U-38 returned to raiding duties and sank three ships , two British and one Greek . The British steam freighter SS Thomas Walton was sunk on 7 December . The Greek steam freighter SS Garoufalia was destroyed on 11 December , as was the British steam freighter on 13 December . After an operational period of four and a half weeks , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 16 December . 3rd Patrol . Once again , U-38 would spend considerable time in port , prior to sailing on 26 February 1940 , for operations in the Western Approaches . U-38 sank six ships . First sent to the bottom was the neutral Irish steam trawler on 9 March , with a single shell at point-blank range off Tory Island , all 11 crew were lost . The Leukos was fishing in the company of British trawlers ; it has been speculated that she positioned herself between the surfacing U-boat and the fleeing British in the belief that her neutral markings would protect her . This event was followed by the sinking of the Danish motor freighters SS Argentina on 17 March and SS Algier and SS Christiansborg on 21 March . The Norwegian motor freighter MV Cometa was sunk on 26 March . The sixth and final ship sunk during this third patrol was the Finnish steam freighter SS Signe on 2 April . After nearly six weeks on the high seas , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 5 April 1940 . 4th Patrol . U-38 left her home port of Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 8 April 1940 . She would sweep the waters off Norway , supporting the occupation of that country by Nazi troops . During this patrol , U-38 reported problems with her torpedoes , after was fired upon with no result . U-38 would return to port on 27 April . There were two naval battles of Narvik on 10 and 13 April 1940 . U-38 and U-65 were positioned at the entrance to the fjord . When the Royal Navy arrived , U-38 fired at and at missing both . In the second battle , U-38 fired at Effingham , but the torpedoes malfunctioned , ( exploding prematurely ) . 5th Patrol . For her fifth patrol , U-38 would again depart from Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 6 June 1940 . She was to patrol the waters off southern Ireland . During this operation , Liebe would hit six ships , two of which were sailing in convoy at the time . On 14 June , U-38 sank the Greek steam freighter SS Mount Myrto . The next day , U-38 sank two ships , both sailing as part of Convoy HX 47 , sailing from Halifax to England . First sunk was the Canadian steam freighter SS Erik Boye , followed by the Norwegian motor tanker MV Italia . Five days later , on 20 June , the Swedish steam freighter SS Tilia Gorthon was torpedoed and sunk . The Belgian steam freighter SS Luxembourg was destroyed on 21 June , followed by the Greek steam freighter SS Neion the following day . After three weeks at sea , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 2 July . During this patrol , U-38 was able to land Walter Simon , a Nazi agent , at Dingle Bay in Ireland on 12 June . Not realising that the passenger services of the Tralee and Dingle Light Railway had been closed fourteen months earlier , he asked when the next train to Dublin was . He was arrested and interned in the Curragh Camp for the duration of the war . 6th Patrol . U-38 would depart Wilhelmshaven for the last time on 1 August 1940 , again with Heinrich Liebe in command . On this month-long patrol off the western coast of Ireland , U-38 would hit and sink three ships , all of which were in convoy at the time of attack . On 7 August the Egyptian liner was sunk while traveling with HX 61 , from Halifax to Gibraltar , 320 died . The British steam freighter SS Llanfair was hit and sunk , travelling as part of SL-41 from Sierra Leone to England . The third and final ship hit on the sixth patrol of U-38 was the British steam freighter SS Har Zion , while travelling with the Convoy OB 225 , from Liverpool to the United States . After four weeks at sea Liebe returned U-38 to her new home port of Lorient in France on 3 September 1940 . 7th Patrol . For her first patrol from Lorient and her seventh overall , U-38 would again be under the command of Heinrich Liebe . She departed on 25 September , for the Northwest Approaches . She would attack five ships on this patrol , sinking four of them . On 1 October , the British motor freighter MV Highland Patriot was torpedoed . After two weeks of no victories , U-38 was successful against the Greek steam freighter SS Aenos on 17 October , sailing as part of Convoy SC 7 , from Sydney , Nova Scotia to England . The following day , the British steam freighter SS Carsbreck was damaged , but not sunk , while traveling with the SC 7 convoy from Sydney to Grimsby , England . On 19 October , two ships were hit , both sailing as part of the HX 79 convoy : the Dutch SS Bilderdijk and the British steam freighter SS Matheran . Following these victories , U-38 returned to Lorient on 24 October 1940 . 8th Patrol . U-38 would depart Lorient with Liebe in command once again on 18 December 1940 . The eighth war patrol of her career would involve operations again in the Northwest Approaches . During this patrol , the submarine would hit and sink two ships . On 27 December , U-38 destroyed the British ship SS Waiotira , and on 31 December , she sank the Swedish motor freighter SS Valparaiso , sailing as part of the HX 97 convoy from Halifax to Glasgow . U-38 returned to port on 22 January 1941 . 9th Patrol . U-38 would spend two and a half months in port , before leaving for operations off the west coast of Africa on 9 April 1941 . This would prove to be her most successful patrol , with the sinking of eight ships . On 4 May , the Swedish steam freighter SS Japan was torpedoed while traveling with Convoy OB 310 from England to the United States . The following day , the British motor freighter MV Queen Maud was hit and sunk . On 23 May , the Dutch motor freighter SS Berhala was sunk while traveling with the Convoy OB 318 , from England to America . The British steam freighter SS Vulcain was torpedoed and sunk on 24 May . Six days later , on 29 May , the British steam freighter SS Tabaristan was another victim . The following day the destruction continued , the British steam freighter SS Empire Protector was sent to the bottom , as was the Norwegian steam freighter SS Rinda on the 31st . The eighth and final ship sunk during U-38 ninth patrol was the British cargo steamship on 8 June . The boat then returned to Lorient on 29 June 1941 , after spending eleven and a half weeks at sea . 10th Patrol . For the first time in her career , U-38 would head to sea with a new commander , Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Schuch . She left on 6 August , for a five-week patrol in the North Atlantic . During this time one ship was hit , the Panamanian steam freighter SS Longtanker on 18 August . U-38 returned to Lorient on 14 September 1941 . 11th and 12th Patrols . U-38 would depart from Lorient for the last time on 15 October , again with Heinrich Schuch in command . Her eleventh patrol was to take place in the North Atlantic . However , during a period of five weeks , not a single ship was hit . U-38 traveled to the U-boat base in Bergen , Norway on 21 November . She would later depart Bergen on the 23rd and arrive in Stettin on 29 November . Life after active duty . From December 1941 until November 1943 , U-38 was used as a training boat in the 24th and 21st U-boat Flotillas . She was then used as a testing boat , until she was scuttled by her crew on 5 May 1945 . Wolfpacks . U-38 took part in five wolfpacks , namely . - Prien ( 12–17 June 1940 ) - Grönland ( 10–27 August 1941 ) - Markgraf ( 27 August – 3 September 1941 ) - Schlagetot ( 20 October – 1 November 1941 ) - Raubritter ( 1–11 November 1941 ) Summary of raiding history . During her service in the Kriegsmarine , U-38 sank 35 commercial ships for , and damaged another of . Bibliography . - Philbin III , Tobias R. , The Lure of Neptune : German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions , 1919 – 1941 , University of South Carolina Press , 1994 , |
[
"Heinrich Schuch"
] | easy | Who was the commander of German submarine U-38 (1938) from Jul 1941 to 1942? | /wiki/German_submarine_U-38_(1938)#P4791#1 | German submarine U-38 ( 1938 ) German submarine U-38 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germanys Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 15 April 1937 , by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 943 . She was launched on 9 August 1938 and commissioned on 24 October with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe in command . U-38 conducted eleven patrols , as part of several flotillas . During her career , she sank over 30 enemy vessels and damaged a further one . U-38 ranks as one of the most successful U-boats in World War II . She was scuttled west of Wesermünde ( modern Bremerhaven ) on 5 May 1945 . Throughout the war , the U-Boat suffered no losses among her crew . Design . As one of the eight original German Type IX submarines , later designated IXA , U-38 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged . The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke , nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced , two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged . She had two shafts and two propellers . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged , the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced , she could travel at . U-38 was fitted with six torpedo tubes ( four fitted at the bow and two at the stern ) , 22 torpedoes , one SK C/32 naval gun , 180 rounds , and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun . The boat had a complement of forty-eight . Service history . 1st Patrol . U-38 left the port of Wilhelmshaven on 19 August 1939 . The boat operated off the coast of Lisbon , returning to port on 18 September . During this four-week period , she sank two ships . On 5 September 1939 U-38 stopped the French ship Pluvoise , examined her papers and released her . Pluvoise broadcast the event , warning others of the U-boat . For this , Liebe was reprimanded . The already strict rules restricting submarine warfare were further tightened to prevent a recurrence of the event and all U-boats were instructed to avoid contact with any French merchant vessels . The British steam freighter SS Manaar was sunk on 6 September 1939 . U-38 opened fire on the freighter , intending to stop her , but she returned fire . This was the first time that a merchantman fired at a U-boat . Stunned by this unexpected response , U-38 dived and sank Manaar with torpedoes . Citing the fact that Manaar had fired at him , Liebe did not assist the survivors , reasoning that the vessel was exempted from protection by the Submarine Protocol . Berlin would release to the media the narrative that the Manaar had fired on U-38 on sight . While Karl Dönitz did not believe that his submarines should have to maintain adherence to the Submarine Protocol in the face of armed merchantmen , due to the political situation , restrictions remained in force after this incident and he was merely able to issue instruction to all submarines to exercise caution . Radio Officer James Turner remained at his post until the last moment . As he was leaving he found two Lascars , one badly injured . Turner rescued both men while under continuous fire from U-38 , for this he was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal . On 11 September 1939 , while flying the Irish tricolour , Inverliffey was shelled and sunk . In spite of Captain William Trowsdales protestation that they were Irish , Liebe said that they were sorry but they would sink Inverliffey as she was carrying contraband petrol to England . The crew took to the lifeboats . Inverliffey burned fiercely , endangering the lifeboats . At risk to herself , the German submarine approached , threw lines to the lifeboats and towed them to safety . As Captain Trowsdales lifeboat was damaged , the occupants were allowed to board the U-boat . The captain did not have a lifebelt , so he was given one . U-38 stopped the American tanker R.G . Stewart and put Inverliffeys crew on board . Just two days earlier , Inver tankers transferred its ships from the Irish to the British registry . 2nd Patrol . After nearly two months in port , U-38 left Wilhelmshaven , again with Heinrich Liebe in command , on 12 November 1939 . This second patrol was to see the boat operate in the waters northwest of Norway . On 17 November 1939 , Naval High Command ( SKL ) issued orders for U-38 and to scout the location for Basis Nord , a secret German naval base to be used for raids on allied shipping which was located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union . The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location . U-36 never left the Norwegian Sea and was sunk by the British submarine . U-38 rounded the North Cape uneventfully and arrived in Teriberka Bay by mid-afternoon on 26 November . Running silently into the bay , U-38 had to avoid being spotted by merchant vessels in order to help maintain the Soviet Unions attempted appearance of neutrality at that time . U-38s captain commented that , while in the area of the North Cape and the Kola Peninsula , he had observed thirty to forty targets and regrettably had been harmless to [ all ] of them . After completing the clandestine reconnaissance mission , U-38 returned to raiding duties and sank three ships , two British and one Greek . The British steam freighter SS Thomas Walton was sunk on 7 December . The Greek steam freighter SS Garoufalia was destroyed on 11 December , as was the British steam freighter on 13 December . After an operational period of four and a half weeks , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 16 December . 3rd Patrol . Once again , U-38 would spend considerable time in port , prior to sailing on 26 February 1940 , for operations in the Western Approaches . U-38 sank six ships . First sent to the bottom was the neutral Irish steam trawler on 9 March , with a single shell at point-blank range off Tory Island , all 11 crew were lost . The Leukos was fishing in the company of British trawlers ; it has been speculated that she positioned herself between the surfacing U-boat and the fleeing British in the belief that her neutral markings would protect her . This event was followed by the sinking of the Danish motor freighters SS Argentina on 17 March and SS Algier and SS Christiansborg on 21 March . The Norwegian motor freighter MV Cometa was sunk on 26 March . The sixth and final ship sunk during this third patrol was the Finnish steam freighter SS Signe on 2 April . After nearly six weeks on the high seas , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 5 April 1940 . 4th Patrol . U-38 left her home port of Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 8 April 1940 . She would sweep the waters off Norway , supporting the occupation of that country by Nazi troops . During this patrol , U-38 reported problems with her torpedoes , after was fired upon with no result . U-38 would return to port on 27 April . There were two naval battles of Narvik on 10 and 13 April 1940 . U-38 and U-65 were positioned at the entrance to the fjord . When the Royal Navy arrived , U-38 fired at and at missing both . In the second battle , U-38 fired at Effingham , but the torpedoes malfunctioned , ( exploding prematurely ) . 5th Patrol . For her fifth patrol , U-38 would again depart from Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 6 June 1940 . She was to patrol the waters off southern Ireland . During this operation , Liebe would hit six ships , two of which were sailing in convoy at the time . On 14 June , U-38 sank the Greek steam freighter SS Mount Myrto . The next day , U-38 sank two ships , both sailing as part of Convoy HX 47 , sailing from Halifax to England . First sunk was the Canadian steam freighter SS Erik Boye , followed by the Norwegian motor tanker MV Italia . Five days later , on 20 June , the Swedish steam freighter SS Tilia Gorthon was torpedoed and sunk . The Belgian steam freighter SS Luxembourg was destroyed on 21 June , followed by the Greek steam freighter SS Neion the following day . After three weeks at sea , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 2 July . During this patrol , U-38 was able to land Walter Simon , a Nazi agent , at Dingle Bay in Ireland on 12 June . Not realising that the passenger services of the Tralee and Dingle Light Railway had been closed fourteen months earlier , he asked when the next train to Dublin was . He was arrested and interned in the Curragh Camp for the duration of the war . 6th Patrol . U-38 would depart Wilhelmshaven for the last time on 1 August 1940 , again with Heinrich Liebe in command . On this month-long patrol off the western coast of Ireland , U-38 would hit and sink three ships , all of which were in convoy at the time of attack . On 7 August the Egyptian liner was sunk while traveling with HX 61 , from Halifax to Gibraltar , 320 died . The British steam freighter SS Llanfair was hit and sunk , travelling as part of SL-41 from Sierra Leone to England . The third and final ship hit on the sixth patrol of U-38 was the British steam freighter SS Har Zion , while travelling with the Convoy OB 225 , from Liverpool to the United States . After four weeks at sea Liebe returned U-38 to her new home port of Lorient in France on 3 September 1940 . 7th Patrol . For her first patrol from Lorient and her seventh overall , U-38 would again be under the command of Heinrich Liebe . She departed on 25 September , for the Northwest Approaches . She would attack five ships on this patrol , sinking four of them . On 1 October , the British motor freighter MV Highland Patriot was torpedoed . After two weeks of no victories , U-38 was successful against the Greek steam freighter SS Aenos on 17 October , sailing as part of Convoy SC 7 , from Sydney , Nova Scotia to England . The following day , the British steam freighter SS Carsbreck was damaged , but not sunk , while traveling with the SC 7 convoy from Sydney to Grimsby , England . On 19 October , two ships were hit , both sailing as part of the HX 79 convoy : the Dutch SS Bilderdijk and the British steam freighter SS Matheran . Following these victories , U-38 returned to Lorient on 24 October 1940 . 8th Patrol . U-38 would depart Lorient with Liebe in command once again on 18 December 1940 . The eighth war patrol of her career would involve operations again in the Northwest Approaches . During this patrol , the submarine would hit and sink two ships . On 27 December , U-38 destroyed the British ship SS Waiotira , and on 31 December , she sank the Swedish motor freighter SS Valparaiso , sailing as part of the HX 97 convoy from Halifax to Glasgow . U-38 returned to port on 22 January 1941 . 9th Patrol . U-38 would spend two and a half months in port , before leaving for operations off the west coast of Africa on 9 April 1941 . This would prove to be her most successful patrol , with the sinking of eight ships . On 4 May , the Swedish steam freighter SS Japan was torpedoed while traveling with Convoy OB 310 from England to the United States . The following day , the British motor freighter MV Queen Maud was hit and sunk . On 23 May , the Dutch motor freighter SS Berhala was sunk while traveling with the Convoy OB 318 , from England to America . The British steam freighter SS Vulcain was torpedoed and sunk on 24 May . Six days later , on 29 May , the British steam freighter SS Tabaristan was another victim . The following day the destruction continued , the British steam freighter SS Empire Protector was sent to the bottom , as was the Norwegian steam freighter SS Rinda on the 31st . The eighth and final ship sunk during U-38 ninth patrol was the British cargo steamship on 8 June . The boat then returned to Lorient on 29 June 1941 , after spending eleven and a half weeks at sea . 10th Patrol . For the first time in her career , U-38 would head to sea with a new commander , Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Schuch . She left on 6 August , for a five-week patrol in the North Atlantic . During this time one ship was hit , the Panamanian steam freighter SS Longtanker on 18 August . U-38 returned to Lorient on 14 September 1941 . 11th and 12th Patrols . U-38 would depart from Lorient for the last time on 15 October , again with Heinrich Schuch in command . Her eleventh patrol was to take place in the North Atlantic . However , during a period of five weeks , not a single ship was hit . U-38 traveled to the U-boat base in Bergen , Norway on 21 November . She would later depart Bergen on the 23rd and arrive in Stettin on 29 November . Life after active duty . From December 1941 until November 1943 , U-38 was used as a training boat in the 24th and 21st U-boat Flotillas . She was then used as a testing boat , until she was scuttled by her crew on 5 May 1945 . Wolfpacks . U-38 took part in five wolfpacks , namely . - Prien ( 12–17 June 1940 ) - Grönland ( 10–27 August 1941 ) - Markgraf ( 27 August – 3 September 1941 ) - Schlagetot ( 20 October – 1 November 1941 ) - Raubritter ( 1–11 November 1941 ) Summary of raiding history . During her service in the Kriegsmarine , U-38 sank 35 commercial ships for , and damaged another of . Bibliography . - Philbin III , Tobias R. , The Lure of Neptune : German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions , 1919 – 1941 , University of South Carolina Press , 1994 , |
[
""
] | easy | Who commanded German submarine U-38 (1938) from 1942 to 1943? | /wiki/German_submarine_U-38_(1938)#P4791#2 | German submarine U-38 ( 1938 ) German submarine U-38 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germanys Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II . Her keel was laid down on 15 April 1937 , by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 943 . She was launched on 9 August 1938 and commissioned on 24 October with Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Liebe in command . U-38 conducted eleven patrols , as part of several flotillas . During her career , she sank over 30 enemy vessels and damaged a further one . U-38 ranks as one of the most successful U-boats in World War II . She was scuttled west of Wesermünde ( modern Bremerhaven ) on 5 May 1945 . Throughout the war , the U-Boat suffered no losses among her crew . Design . As one of the eight original German Type IX submarines , later designated IXA , U-38 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged . The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke , nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced , two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged . She had two shafts and two propellers . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged , the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced , she could travel at . U-38 was fitted with six torpedo tubes ( four fitted at the bow and two at the stern ) , 22 torpedoes , one SK C/32 naval gun , 180 rounds , and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun . The boat had a complement of forty-eight . Service history . 1st Patrol . U-38 left the port of Wilhelmshaven on 19 August 1939 . The boat operated off the coast of Lisbon , returning to port on 18 September . During this four-week period , she sank two ships . On 5 September 1939 U-38 stopped the French ship Pluvoise , examined her papers and released her . Pluvoise broadcast the event , warning others of the U-boat . For this , Liebe was reprimanded . The already strict rules restricting submarine warfare were further tightened to prevent a recurrence of the event and all U-boats were instructed to avoid contact with any French merchant vessels . The British steam freighter SS Manaar was sunk on 6 September 1939 . U-38 opened fire on the freighter , intending to stop her , but she returned fire . This was the first time that a merchantman fired at a U-boat . Stunned by this unexpected response , U-38 dived and sank Manaar with torpedoes . Citing the fact that Manaar had fired at him , Liebe did not assist the survivors , reasoning that the vessel was exempted from protection by the Submarine Protocol . Berlin would release to the media the narrative that the Manaar had fired on U-38 on sight . While Karl Dönitz did not believe that his submarines should have to maintain adherence to the Submarine Protocol in the face of armed merchantmen , due to the political situation , restrictions remained in force after this incident and he was merely able to issue instruction to all submarines to exercise caution . Radio Officer James Turner remained at his post until the last moment . As he was leaving he found two Lascars , one badly injured . Turner rescued both men while under continuous fire from U-38 , for this he was awarded the Empire Gallantry Medal . On 11 September 1939 , while flying the Irish tricolour , Inverliffey was shelled and sunk . In spite of Captain William Trowsdales protestation that they were Irish , Liebe said that they were sorry but they would sink Inverliffey as she was carrying contraband petrol to England . The crew took to the lifeboats . Inverliffey burned fiercely , endangering the lifeboats . At risk to herself , the German submarine approached , threw lines to the lifeboats and towed them to safety . As Captain Trowsdales lifeboat was damaged , the occupants were allowed to board the U-boat . The captain did not have a lifebelt , so he was given one . U-38 stopped the American tanker R.G . Stewart and put Inverliffeys crew on board . Just two days earlier , Inver tankers transferred its ships from the Irish to the British registry . 2nd Patrol . After nearly two months in port , U-38 left Wilhelmshaven , again with Heinrich Liebe in command , on 12 November 1939 . This second patrol was to see the boat operate in the waters northwest of Norway . On 17 November 1939 , Naval High Command ( SKL ) issued orders for U-38 and to scout the location for Basis Nord , a secret German naval base to be used for raids on allied shipping which was located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union . The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location . U-36 never left the Norwegian Sea and was sunk by the British submarine . U-38 rounded the North Cape uneventfully and arrived in Teriberka Bay by mid-afternoon on 26 November . Running silently into the bay , U-38 had to avoid being spotted by merchant vessels in order to help maintain the Soviet Unions attempted appearance of neutrality at that time . U-38s captain commented that , while in the area of the North Cape and the Kola Peninsula , he had observed thirty to forty targets and regrettably had been harmless to [ all ] of them . After completing the clandestine reconnaissance mission , U-38 returned to raiding duties and sank three ships , two British and one Greek . The British steam freighter SS Thomas Walton was sunk on 7 December . The Greek steam freighter SS Garoufalia was destroyed on 11 December , as was the British steam freighter on 13 December . After an operational period of four and a half weeks , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 16 December . 3rd Patrol . Once again , U-38 would spend considerable time in port , prior to sailing on 26 February 1940 , for operations in the Western Approaches . U-38 sank six ships . First sent to the bottom was the neutral Irish steam trawler on 9 March , with a single shell at point-blank range off Tory Island , all 11 crew were lost . The Leukos was fishing in the company of British trawlers ; it has been speculated that she positioned herself between the surfacing U-boat and the fleeing British in the belief that her neutral markings would protect her . This event was followed by the sinking of the Danish motor freighters SS Argentina on 17 March and SS Algier and SS Christiansborg on 21 March . The Norwegian motor freighter MV Cometa was sunk on 26 March . The sixth and final ship sunk during this third patrol was the Finnish steam freighter SS Signe on 2 April . After nearly six weeks on the high seas , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 5 April 1940 . 4th Patrol . U-38 left her home port of Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 8 April 1940 . She would sweep the waters off Norway , supporting the occupation of that country by Nazi troops . During this patrol , U-38 reported problems with her torpedoes , after was fired upon with no result . U-38 would return to port on 27 April . There were two naval battles of Narvik on 10 and 13 April 1940 . U-38 and U-65 were positioned at the entrance to the fjord . When the Royal Navy arrived , U-38 fired at and at missing both . In the second battle , U-38 fired at Effingham , but the torpedoes malfunctioned , ( exploding prematurely ) . 5th Patrol . For her fifth patrol , U-38 would again depart from Wilhelmshaven with Heinrich Liebe in command on 6 June 1940 . She was to patrol the waters off southern Ireland . During this operation , Liebe would hit six ships , two of which were sailing in convoy at the time . On 14 June , U-38 sank the Greek steam freighter SS Mount Myrto . The next day , U-38 sank two ships , both sailing as part of Convoy HX 47 , sailing from Halifax to England . First sunk was the Canadian steam freighter SS Erik Boye , followed by the Norwegian motor tanker MV Italia . Five days later , on 20 June , the Swedish steam freighter SS Tilia Gorthon was torpedoed and sunk . The Belgian steam freighter SS Luxembourg was destroyed on 21 June , followed by the Greek steam freighter SS Neion the following day . After three weeks at sea , U-38 returned to Wilhelmshaven on 2 July . During this patrol , U-38 was able to land Walter Simon , a Nazi agent , at Dingle Bay in Ireland on 12 June . Not realising that the passenger services of the Tralee and Dingle Light Railway had been closed fourteen months earlier , he asked when the next train to Dublin was . He was arrested and interned in the Curragh Camp for the duration of the war . 6th Patrol . U-38 would depart Wilhelmshaven for the last time on 1 August 1940 , again with Heinrich Liebe in command . On this month-long patrol off the western coast of Ireland , U-38 would hit and sink three ships , all of which were in convoy at the time of attack . On 7 August the Egyptian liner was sunk while traveling with HX 61 , from Halifax to Gibraltar , 320 died . The British steam freighter SS Llanfair was hit and sunk , travelling as part of SL-41 from Sierra Leone to England . The third and final ship hit on the sixth patrol of U-38 was the British steam freighter SS Har Zion , while travelling with the Convoy OB 225 , from Liverpool to the United States . After four weeks at sea Liebe returned U-38 to her new home port of Lorient in France on 3 September 1940 . 7th Patrol . For her first patrol from Lorient and her seventh overall , U-38 would again be under the command of Heinrich Liebe . She departed on 25 September , for the Northwest Approaches . She would attack five ships on this patrol , sinking four of them . On 1 October , the British motor freighter MV Highland Patriot was torpedoed . After two weeks of no victories , U-38 was successful against the Greek steam freighter SS Aenos on 17 October , sailing as part of Convoy SC 7 , from Sydney , Nova Scotia to England . The following day , the British steam freighter SS Carsbreck was damaged , but not sunk , while traveling with the SC 7 convoy from Sydney to Grimsby , England . On 19 October , two ships were hit , both sailing as part of the HX 79 convoy : the Dutch SS Bilderdijk and the British steam freighter SS Matheran . Following these victories , U-38 returned to Lorient on 24 October 1940 . 8th Patrol . U-38 would depart Lorient with Liebe in command once again on 18 December 1940 . The eighth war patrol of her career would involve operations again in the Northwest Approaches . During this patrol , the submarine would hit and sink two ships . On 27 December , U-38 destroyed the British ship SS Waiotira , and on 31 December , she sank the Swedish motor freighter SS Valparaiso , sailing as part of the HX 97 convoy from Halifax to Glasgow . U-38 returned to port on 22 January 1941 . 9th Patrol . U-38 would spend two and a half months in port , before leaving for operations off the west coast of Africa on 9 April 1941 . This would prove to be her most successful patrol , with the sinking of eight ships . On 4 May , the Swedish steam freighter SS Japan was torpedoed while traveling with Convoy OB 310 from England to the United States . The following day , the British motor freighter MV Queen Maud was hit and sunk . On 23 May , the Dutch motor freighter SS Berhala was sunk while traveling with the Convoy OB 318 , from England to America . The British steam freighter SS Vulcain was torpedoed and sunk on 24 May . Six days later , on 29 May , the British steam freighter SS Tabaristan was another victim . The following day the destruction continued , the British steam freighter SS Empire Protector was sent to the bottom , as was the Norwegian steam freighter SS Rinda on the 31st . The eighth and final ship sunk during U-38 ninth patrol was the British cargo steamship on 8 June . The boat then returned to Lorient on 29 June 1941 , after spending eleven and a half weeks at sea . 10th Patrol . For the first time in her career , U-38 would head to sea with a new commander , Korvettenkapitän Heinrich Schuch . She left on 6 August , for a five-week patrol in the North Atlantic . During this time one ship was hit , the Panamanian steam freighter SS Longtanker on 18 August . U-38 returned to Lorient on 14 September 1941 . 11th and 12th Patrols . U-38 would depart from Lorient for the last time on 15 October , again with Heinrich Schuch in command . Her eleventh patrol was to take place in the North Atlantic . However , during a period of five weeks , not a single ship was hit . U-38 traveled to the U-boat base in Bergen , Norway on 21 November . She would later depart Bergen on the 23rd and arrive in Stettin on 29 November . Life after active duty . From December 1941 until November 1943 , U-38 was used as a training boat in the 24th and 21st U-boat Flotillas . She was then used as a testing boat , until she was scuttled by her crew on 5 May 1945 . Wolfpacks . U-38 took part in five wolfpacks , namely . - Prien ( 12–17 June 1940 ) - Grönland ( 10–27 August 1941 ) - Markgraf ( 27 August – 3 September 1941 ) - Schlagetot ( 20 October – 1 November 1941 ) - Raubritter ( 1–11 November 1941 ) Summary of raiding history . During her service in the Kriegsmarine , U-38 sank 35 commercial ships for , and damaged another of . Bibliography . - Philbin III , Tobias R. , The Lure of Neptune : German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions , 1919 – 1941 , University of South Carolina Press , 1994 , |
[
"Dallas Times Herald"
] | easy | Which employer did Joe Bob Briggs work for from 1976 to 1978? | /wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs#P108#0 | Joe Bob Briggs John Irving Bloom ( born January 27 , 1953 ) , known by the stage name Joe Bob Briggs , is an American syndicated film critic , writer , actor , and comic performer . He is known for having hosted the TNT television series MonsterVision from 1996 to 2000 , and The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder from 2018–present . Early years . Bloom was born in Dallas , the son of Thelma Louise ( née Berry ) and Rudolph Lewis Bloom . He was raised in Little Rock , Arkansas , and attended Vanderbilt University on a journalism sports-writing scholarship . He began his writing career at Texas Monthly and Dallas Times Herald . While a movie reviewer at the Herald , he created the humorous persona of Joe Bob Briggs to review exploitation films and other genre films . Persona . Briggss acting persona is that of an unapologetic redneck Texan with an avowed love of the drive-in theater . He specializes in humorous but appreciative reviews of B-movies and cult films , which he calls drive-in movies ( as distinguished from indoor bullstuff ) . In addition to his usual parody of urbane , high-brow movie criticism , his columns characteristically include colorful tales of woman-troubles and high-spirited brushes with the law , tales which inevitably conclude with his rush to catch a movie at a local drive-in , usually with female companionship . Briggs revealed in an interview with James Rolfe that he intended the character to have an ambiguous sounding name and initially thought of calling himself Bubba Rodriguez , but was told that the name Rodriguez would be perceived as racist and decided to go with The whitest name I could come up with . The reviews typically end with a brief rating of the movie in questions high points , including the types of action ( represented by nouns naming objects used in fight scenes suffixed with -fu ) , the number of bodies , number of female breasts bared , the notional number of total pints of blood spilt , and for appropriately untoward movies , a vomit meter . A typical summarization would read , no dead bodies . One hundred seventeen breasts . Multiple aardvarking . Lap dancing . Cage dancing . Convenience-store dancing . Blindfold aardvarking . Blind-MAN aardvarking . Lesbo Fu . Pool cue-fu . Drive-In Academy Award nominations for Tane McClure . Joe Bob says check it out . Originally , Briggss film reviews were limited to pictures shown at local drive-ins . Later , after a tongue-in-cheek battle with his own convictions in Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In , he also began reviewing films released on VHS and DVD . Reaction to redevelopment of 42nd Street . During the early 1980s when New York City was in the planning stages of redeveloping its run-down 42nd Street , Times Square area , which included closing many grindhouses showing B-movies on double and triple bills around the clock , as well as many porn theaters , Joe Bob expressed great opposition . He encouraged a postcard-fu campaign , i.e. , encouraging film fans to write to New York City officials and pressure them into saving the one place in New York City you could see a decent drive-in movie . He felt the 42nd Street movie houses rightfully belonged to all Americans and should be preserved as places where Charles Bronson can be seen thirty feet high , as God intended . Leaving the Dallas Times Herald . In 1985 , Briggs wrote a column about the We Are the World video , in which he wrote a mocking description of starving African children , and made derogatory comments about the American Negro College Fund . The resulting controversy ended Blooms position at the Dallas Times Herald , though his syndicated column merely changed distributors . One-man shows . In July 1985 , Joe Bobs one-man show , An Evening with Joe Bob Briggs , debuted in Cleveland . Later re-titled Joe Bob Dead in Concert for home release , the show evolved into a theatrical piece involving storytelling , comedy and music . The show was performed in more than 50 venues over the next two years , including Carolines on Broadway in New York and regular engagements at Wolfgangs and the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco , as well as convention centers , theaters , music clubs and other comedy clubs . In 2019 , Joe Bob began performing a new one-man show , How Rednecks Saved Hollywood , at genre film festivals and revival movie houses across the United States . Television . In 1986 , as a result of the stage show , Joe Bob was asked to be a guest host on Drive-in Theater , a late- night B-movie show on The Movie Channel ( TMC ) , related network of Showtime . Briggs went over so well that he was eventually signed to a long-term contract . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater became the networks highest-rated show and ran for almost ten years , and was twice nominated for the industrys Cable ACE Award . He appeared on some 50 talk shows , including The Tonight Show ( twice ) and Larry King Live . He was also a commentator for a Fox TV news magazine for two seasons . He also appeared in episodes of the eighth season of Married.. . with Children as Billy Ray Wet Nap , co-owner of Pest Boys Pest Control . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater ended when TMC changed its format in early 1996 . He was off the air for only four months before joining the TNT network , where he hosted MonsterVision for four years . That show ended in July 2000 , when TNT likewise changed format . In 2011 , the most definitive account of the MonsterVision series ( including interviews with Briggs and series mailgirl Honey Gregory ) appeared on the cult movie website , Mondo Video . In the late 90s he also spent two seasons as a commentator on Comedy Centrals The Daily Show ( under his given name John Bloom ) , with a recurring segment called God stuff beginning on the 2nd ever episode in 1996 . He starred in Frank Henenlotters documentary Herschell Gordon Lewis – Godfather of Gore . In 2018 , the horror-themed subscription video on demand service Shudder , owned and operated by AMC , signed Joe Bob for a new series The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs , which premiered as a 13-film marathon on July 13 , 2018 . During the premiere , Shudders servers crashed as a result of an overwhelming number of subscribers attempting to access the services new Live Stream feature . Despite the server errors , the series received critical acclaim from critics and horror fans alike . On July 20 , Shudder announced on social media that Joe Bob would return , which was realized as two shorter marathons on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day . Beginning on March 29 , The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs marked the return to his double feature format , streaming live on Friday nights , and streaming on-demand on Shudder after the live streaming premieres . The second season of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs started on April 24th , 2020 consisting of 10 films . On February 23rd , 2021 , Joe Bob Briggs announced on Twitter that Season 3 of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder will start on April 16th , 2021 . During these TV years , Briggs remained active as a writer , working as a contributing editor to the National Lampoon , freelancing for Rolling Stone , Playboy , The Village Voice , and Interview . He was the regular humor columnist and theater critic at National Review , and he published five books of satire—Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in , A Guide to Western Civilization , or My Story , Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in , The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs , and Iron Joe Bob , his homage to the mens movement . He also wrote and performed in special shows for Fox and Showtime , and collaborated with veteran comedy writer Norman Steinberg on an NBC sitcom that remains unproduced . His two syndicated newspaper columns , Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in and Joe Bobs America , were picked up by The New York Times Syndicate in the 90s , and he continued to write both until putting the columns on hiatus in 1998 . For one year he wrote a humorous sex advice column in Penthouse . In November 2000 he started writing the Drive-in column again , this time for United Press International , along with a second column , The Vegas Guy , which chronicles Joe Bobs weekly forays into the casinos of America . In 2003 , Briggs delivered Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies That Changed History . In 1998 , Bloom retired from writing newspaper reviews , only to return two years later due to popular demand and continue his column as Joe Bob with UPI . Bloom has also appeared on television as a host of TNTs MonsterVision horror movie marathons , and has an internet website , The Joe Bob Report , with collections of movie reviews and other articles . Briggs was president of the Trinity Foundation of Dallas , a non-denominational , non-profit public foundation that serves as a religious watchdog group and publishes The Door , a Christian satire magazine , of which Briggs was a regular columnist and investigative reporter . Some of the efforts of Blooms religious watchdog reporting and satire were featured ( under his given name John Bloom ) in God Stuff , a regular segment in the first two seasons of The Daily Show . Books . Joe Bob Briggs movie reviews are collected in the now out-of-print books Joe Bob Goes to the Drive In and Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In . His most recent books , Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History and Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History , contain all-new material . Recently , Briggs has contributed audio commentaries to DVDs released by Media Blasters and Elite Entertainment including Jesse James Meets Frankensteins Daughter , The Double-D Avenger , Michael Findlays Blood Sisters , Warlock Moon , Samurai Cop , I Spit on Your Grave , and several Ray Dennis Steckler films including The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies and Blood Shack . Joe Bob Briggs appeared as himself in the 2008 novel Bad Moon Rising by Jonathan Maberry . Joe Bob is one of several real-world horror celebrities who are in the fictional town of Pine Deep when monsters attack . Other celebrities include Tom Savini , Jim ORear , Brinke Stevens , Ken Foree , Stephen Susco , Debbie Rochon , James Gunn and blues man Mem Shannon . Under his given name , John Bloom , he also co-wrote the nonfiction book Evidence of Love : The Candy Montgomery Story ( 1984 ) . The book recounts the 1980 Wylie , Texas murder case in which Montgomery killed her ex-lovers wife , Betty Gore , by striking her a total of 41 times with an axe and whose highly publicized trial ended in an unexpected not guilty verdict . The book was made into the CBS television film A Killing in a Small Town ( 1990 ) , starring Barbara Hershey . In 2016 , also under his given name , he wrote the nonfiction book Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story in which he traces the conception , development , and launching of the Iridium satellite constellation and the race to save it from destruction . Filmography . Podcast appearances . Briggs appeared on Ken Reids TV Guidance Counselor podcast on June 16 , 2016 , as well as the podcasts Frightday on July 11 , 2018 , Astonishing Legends Podcast on December 9 , 2018 , and The Last Podcast on the Left on March 28 , 2019 . Bibliography . - Evidence of Love : A True Story of Passion and Death in the Suburbs ( 1984 ) with Jim Atkinson , - Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in ( 1987 ) , - A Guide to Western Civilization , or : My Story ( 1988 ) , - Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in ( 1990 ) , - The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs ( 1990 ) , - Iron Joe Bob ( 1992 ) , - Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History ! ( 2003 ) , - Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History ( 2005 ) , - Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story ( 2016 ) , External links . - Official website - ACME Joe Bob Briggs - Interview with Kittenpants.org - Interview at The Onion AV Clu |
[
"Texas Monthly",
"Dallas Times Herald"
] | easy | What was the name of the employer Joe Bob Briggs work for from 1978 to 1982? | /wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs#P108#1 | Joe Bob Briggs John Irving Bloom ( born January 27 , 1953 ) , known by the stage name Joe Bob Briggs , is an American syndicated film critic , writer , actor , and comic performer . He is known for having hosted the TNT television series MonsterVision from 1996 to 2000 , and The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder from 2018–present . Early years . Bloom was born in Dallas , the son of Thelma Louise ( née Berry ) and Rudolph Lewis Bloom . He was raised in Little Rock , Arkansas , and attended Vanderbilt University on a journalism sports-writing scholarship . He began his writing career at Texas Monthly and Dallas Times Herald . While a movie reviewer at the Herald , he created the humorous persona of Joe Bob Briggs to review exploitation films and other genre films . Persona . Briggss acting persona is that of an unapologetic redneck Texan with an avowed love of the drive-in theater . He specializes in humorous but appreciative reviews of B-movies and cult films , which he calls drive-in movies ( as distinguished from indoor bullstuff ) . In addition to his usual parody of urbane , high-brow movie criticism , his columns characteristically include colorful tales of woman-troubles and high-spirited brushes with the law , tales which inevitably conclude with his rush to catch a movie at a local drive-in , usually with female companionship . Briggs revealed in an interview with James Rolfe that he intended the character to have an ambiguous sounding name and initially thought of calling himself Bubba Rodriguez , but was told that the name Rodriguez would be perceived as racist and decided to go with The whitest name I could come up with . The reviews typically end with a brief rating of the movie in questions high points , including the types of action ( represented by nouns naming objects used in fight scenes suffixed with -fu ) , the number of bodies , number of female breasts bared , the notional number of total pints of blood spilt , and for appropriately untoward movies , a vomit meter . A typical summarization would read , no dead bodies . One hundred seventeen breasts . Multiple aardvarking . Lap dancing . Cage dancing . Convenience-store dancing . Blindfold aardvarking . Blind-MAN aardvarking . Lesbo Fu . Pool cue-fu . Drive-In Academy Award nominations for Tane McClure . Joe Bob says check it out . Originally , Briggss film reviews were limited to pictures shown at local drive-ins . Later , after a tongue-in-cheek battle with his own convictions in Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In , he also began reviewing films released on VHS and DVD . Reaction to redevelopment of 42nd Street . During the early 1980s when New York City was in the planning stages of redeveloping its run-down 42nd Street , Times Square area , which included closing many grindhouses showing B-movies on double and triple bills around the clock , as well as many porn theaters , Joe Bob expressed great opposition . He encouraged a postcard-fu campaign , i.e. , encouraging film fans to write to New York City officials and pressure them into saving the one place in New York City you could see a decent drive-in movie . He felt the 42nd Street movie houses rightfully belonged to all Americans and should be preserved as places where Charles Bronson can be seen thirty feet high , as God intended . Leaving the Dallas Times Herald . In 1985 , Briggs wrote a column about the We Are the World video , in which he wrote a mocking description of starving African children , and made derogatory comments about the American Negro College Fund . The resulting controversy ended Blooms position at the Dallas Times Herald , though his syndicated column merely changed distributors . One-man shows . In July 1985 , Joe Bobs one-man show , An Evening with Joe Bob Briggs , debuted in Cleveland . Later re-titled Joe Bob Dead in Concert for home release , the show evolved into a theatrical piece involving storytelling , comedy and music . The show was performed in more than 50 venues over the next two years , including Carolines on Broadway in New York and regular engagements at Wolfgangs and the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco , as well as convention centers , theaters , music clubs and other comedy clubs . In 2019 , Joe Bob began performing a new one-man show , How Rednecks Saved Hollywood , at genre film festivals and revival movie houses across the United States . Television . In 1986 , as a result of the stage show , Joe Bob was asked to be a guest host on Drive-in Theater , a late- night B-movie show on The Movie Channel ( TMC ) , related network of Showtime . Briggs went over so well that he was eventually signed to a long-term contract . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater became the networks highest-rated show and ran for almost ten years , and was twice nominated for the industrys Cable ACE Award . He appeared on some 50 talk shows , including The Tonight Show ( twice ) and Larry King Live . He was also a commentator for a Fox TV news magazine for two seasons . He also appeared in episodes of the eighth season of Married.. . with Children as Billy Ray Wet Nap , co-owner of Pest Boys Pest Control . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater ended when TMC changed its format in early 1996 . He was off the air for only four months before joining the TNT network , where he hosted MonsterVision for four years . That show ended in July 2000 , when TNT likewise changed format . In 2011 , the most definitive account of the MonsterVision series ( including interviews with Briggs and series mailgirl Honey Gregory ) appeared on the cult movie website , Mondo Video . In the late 90s he also spent two seasons as a commentator on Comedy Centrals The Daily Show ( under his given name John Bloom ) , with a recurring segment called God stuff beginning on the 2nd ever episode in 1996 . He starred in Frank Henenlotters documentary Herschell Gordon Lewis – Godfather of Gore . In 2018 , the horror-themed subscription video on demand service Shudder , owned and operated by AMC , signed Joe Bob for a new series The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs , which premiered as a 13-film marathon on July 13 , 2018 . During the premiere , Shudders servers crashed as a result of an overwhelming number of subscribers attempting to access the services new Live Stream feature . Despite the server errors , the series received critical acclaim from critics and horror fans alike . On July 20 , Shudder announced on social media that Joe Bob would return , which was realized as two shorter marathons on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day . Beginning on March 29 , The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs marked the return to his double feature format , streaming live on Friday nights , and streaming on-demand on Shudder after the live streaming premieres . The second season of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs started on April 24th , 2020 consisting of 10 films . On February 23rd , 2021 , Joe Bob Briggs announced on Twitter that Season 3 of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder will start on April 16th , 2021 . During these TV years , Briggs remained active as a writer , working as a contributing editor to the National Lampoon , freelancing for Rolling Stone , Playboy , The Village Voice , and Interview . He was the regular humor columnist and theater critic at National Review , and he published five books of satire—Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in , A Guide to Western Civilization , or My Story , Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in , The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs , and Iron Joe Bob , his homage to the mens movement . He also wrote and performed in special shows for Fox and Showtime , and collaborated with veteran comedy writer Norman Steinberg on an NBC sitcom that remains unproduced . His two syndicated newspaper columns , Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in and Joe Bobs America , were picked up by The New York Times Syndicate in the 90s , and he continued to write both until putting the columns on hiatus in 1998 . For one year he wrote a humorous sex advice column in Penthouse . In November 2000 he started writing the Drive-in column again , this time for United Press International , along with a second column , The Vegas Guy , which chronicles Joe Bobs weekly forays into the casinos of America . In 2003 , Briggs delivered Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies That Changed History . In 1998 , Bloom retired from writing newspaper reviews , only to return two years later due to popular demand and continue his column as Joe Bob with UPI . Bloom has also appeared on television as a host of TNTs MonsterVision horror movie marathons , and has an internet website , The Joe Bob Report , with collections of movie reviews and other articles . Briggs was president of the Trinity Foundation of Dallas , a non-denominational , non-profit public foundation that serves as a religious watchdog group and publishes The Door , a Christian satire magazine , of which Briggs was a regular columnist and investigative reporter . Some of the efforts of Blooms religious watchdog reporting and satire were featured ( under his given name John Bloom ) in God Stuff , a regular segment in the first two seasons of The Daily Show . Books . Joe Bob Briggs movie reviews are collected in the now out-of-print books Joe Bob Goes to the Drive In and Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In . His most recent books , Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History and Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History , contain all-new material . Recently , Briggs has contributed audio commentaries to DVDs released by Media Blasters and Elite Entertainment including Jesse James Meets Frankensteins Daughter , The Double-D Avenger , Michael Findlays Blood Sisters , Warlock Moon , Samurai Cop , I Spit on Your Grave , and several Ray Dennis Steckler films including The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies and Blood Shack . Joe Bob Briggs appeared as himself in the 2008 novel Bad Moon Rising by Jonathan Maberry . Joe Bob is one of several real-world horror celebrities who are in the fictional town of Pine Deep when monsters attack . Other celebrities include Tom Savini , Jim ORear , Brinke Stevens , Ken Foree , Stephen Susco , Debbie Rochon , James Gunn and blues man Mem Shannon . Under his given name , John Bloom , he also co-wrote the nonfiction book Evidence of Love : The Candy Montgomery Story ( 1984 ) . The book recounts the 1980 Wylie , Texas murder case in which Montgomery killed her ex-lovers wife , Betty Gore , by striking her a total of 41 times with an axe and whose highly publicized trial ended in an unexpected not guilty verdict . The book was made into the CBS television film A Killing in a Small Town ( 1990 ) , starring Barbara Hershey . In 2016 , also under his given name , he wrote the nonfiction book Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story in which he traces the conception , development , and launching of the Iridium satellite constellation and the race to save it from destruction . Filmography . Podcast appearances . Briggs appeared on Ken Reids TV Guidance Counselor podcast on June 16 , 2016 , as well as the podcasts Frightday on July 11 , 2018 , Astonishing Legends Podcast on December 9 , 2018 , and The Last Podcast on the Left on March 28 , 2019 . Bibliography . - Evidence of Love : A True Story of Passion and Death in the Suburbs ( 1984 ) with Jim Atkinson , - Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in ( 1987 ) , - A Guide to Western Civilization , or : My Story ( 1988 ) , - Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in ( 1990 ) , - The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs ( 1990 ) , - Iron Joe Bob ( 1992 ) , - Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History ! ( 2003 ) , - Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History ( 2005 ) , - Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story ( 2016 ) , External links . - Official website - ACME Joe Bob Briggs - Interview with Kittenpants.org - Interview at The Onion AV Clu |
[
"Dallas Times Herald"
] | easy | Which employer did Joe Bob Briggs work for from 1982 to 1985? | /wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs#P108#2 | Joe Bob Briggs John Irving Bloom ( born January 27 , 1953 ) , known by the stage name Joe Bob Briggs , is an American syndicated film critic , writer , actor , and comic performer . He is known for having hosted the TNT television series MonsterVision from 1996 to 2000 , and The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder from 2018–present . Early years . Bloom was born in Dallas , the son of Thelma Louise ( née Berry ) and Rudolph Lewis Bloom . He was raised in Little Rock , Arkansas , and attended Vanderbilt University on a journalism sports-writing scholarship . He began his writing career at Texas Monthly and Dallas Times Herald . While a movie reviewer at the Herald , he created the humorous persona of Joe Bob Briggs to review exploitation films and other genre films . Persona . Briggss acting persona is that of an unapologetic redneck Texan with an avowed love of the drive-in theater . He specializes in humorous but appreciative reviews of B-movies and cult films , which he calls drive-in movies ( as distinguished from indoor bullstuff ) . In addition to his usual parody of urbane , high-brow movie criticism , his columns characteristically include colorful tales of woman-troubles and high-spirited brushes with the law , tales which inevitably conclude with his rush to catch a movie at a local drive-in , usually with female companionship . Briggs revealed in an interview with James Rolfe that he intended the character to have an ambiguous sounding name and initially thought of calling himself Bubba Rodriguez , but was told that the name Rodriguez would be perceived as racist and decided to go with The whitest name I could come up with . The reviews typically end with a brief rating of the movie in questions high points , including the types of action ( represented by nouns naming objects used in fight scenes suffixed with -fu ) , the number of bodies , number of female breasts bared , the notional number of total pints of blood spilt , and for appropriately untoward movies , a vomit meter . A typical summarization would read , no dead bodies . One hundred seventeen breasts . Multiple aardvarking . Lap dancing . Cage dancing . Convenience-store dancing . Blindfold aardvarking . Blind-MAN aardvarking . Lesbo Fu . Pool cue-fu . Drive-In Academy Award nominations for Tane McClure . Joe Bob says check it out . Originally , Briggss film reviews were limited to pictures shown at local drive-ins . Later , after a tongue-in-cheek battle with his own convictions in Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In , he also began reviewing films released on VHS and DVD . Reaction to redevelopment of 42nd Street . During the early 1980s when New York City was in the planning stages of redeveloping its run-down 42nd Street , Times Square area , which included closing many grindhouses showing B-movies on double and triple bills around the clock , as well as many porn theaters , Joe Bob expressed great opposition . He encouraged a postcard-fu campaign , i.e. , encouraging film fans to write to New York City officials and pressure them into saving the one place in New York City you could see a decent drive-in movie . He felt the 42nd Street movie houses rightfully belonged to all Americans and should be preserved as places where Charles Bronson can be seen thirty feet high , as God intended . Leaving the Dallas Times Herald . In 1985 , Briggs wrote a column about the We Are the World video , in which he wrote a mocking description of starving African children , and made derogatory comments about the American Negro College Fund . The resulting controversy ended Blooms position at the Dallas Times Herald , though his syndicated column merely changed distributors . One-man shows . In July 1985 , Joe Bobs one-man show , An Evening with Joe Bob Briggs , debuted in Cleveland . Later re-titled Joe Bob Dead in Concert for home release , the show evolved into a theatrical piece involving storytelling , comedy and music . The show was performed in more than 50 venues over the next two years , including Carolines on Broadway in New York and regular engagements at Wolfgangs and the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco , as well as convention centers , theaters , music clubs and other comedy clubs . In 2019 , Joe Bob began performing a new one-man show , How Rednecks Saved Hollywood , at genre film festivals and revival movie houses across the United States . Television . In 1986 , as a result of the stage show , Joe Bob was asked to be a guest host on Drive-in Theater , a late- night B-movie show on The Movie Channel ( TMC ) , related network of Showtime . Briggs went over so well that he was eventually signed to a long-term contract . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater became the networks highest-rated show and ran for almost ten years , and was twice nominated for the industrys Cable ACE Award . He appeared on some 50 talk shows , including The Tonight Show ( twice ) and Larry King Live . He was also a commentator for a Fox TV news magazine for two seasons . He also appeared in episodes of the eighth season of Married.. . with Children as Billy Ray Wet Nap , co-owner of Pest Boys Pest Control . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater ended when TMC changed its format in early 1996 . He was off the air for only four months before joining the TNT network , where he hosted MonsterVision for four years . That show ended in July 2000 , when TNT likewise changed format . In 2011 , the most definitive account of the MonsterVision series ( including interviews with Briggs and series mailgirl Honey Gregory ) appeared on the cult movie website , Mondo Video . In the late 90s he also spent two seasons as a commentator on Comedy Centrals The Daily Show ( under his given name John Bloom ) , with a recurring segment called God stuff beginning on the 2nd ever episode in 1996 . He starred in Frank Henenlotters documentary Herschell Gordon Lewis – Godfather of Gore . In 2018 , the horror-themed subscription video on demand service Shudder , owned and operated by AMC , signed Joe Bob for a new series The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs , which premiered as a 13-film marathon on July 13 , 2018 . During the premiere , Shudders servers crashed as a result of an overwhelming number of subscribers attempting to access the services new Live Stream feature . Despite the server errors , the series received critical acclaim from critics and horror fans alike . On July 20 , Shudder announced on social media that Joe Bob would return , which was realized as two shorter marathons on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day . Beginning on March 29 , The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs marked the return to his double feature format , streaming live on Friday nights , and streaming on-demand on Shudder after the live streaming premieres . The second season of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs started on April 24th , 2020 consisting of 10 films . On February 23rd , 2021 , Joe Bob Briggs announced on Twitter that Season 3 of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder will start on April 16th , 2021 . During these TV years , Briggs remained active as a writer , working as a contributing editor to the National Lampoon , freelancing for Rolling Stone , Playboy , The Village Voice , and Interview . He was the regular humor columnist and theater critic at National Review , and he published five books of satire—Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in , A Guide to Western Civilization , or My Story , Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in , The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs , and Iron Joe Bob , his homage to the mens movement . He also wrote and performed in special shows for Fox and Showtime , and collaborated with veteran comedy writer Norman Steinberg on an NBC sitcom that remains unproduced . His two syndicated newspaper columns , Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in and Joe Bobs America , were picked up by The New York Times Syndicate in the 90s , and he continued to write both until putting the columns on hiatus in 1998 . For one year he wrote a humorous sex advice column in Penthouse . In November 2000 he started writing the Drive-in column again , this time for United Press International , along with a second column , The Vegas Guy , which chronicles Joe Bobs weekly forays into the casinos of America . In 2003 , Briggs delivered Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies That Changed History . In 1998 , Bloom retired from writing newspaper reviews , only to return two years later due to popular demand and continue his column as Joe Bob with UPI . Bloom has also appeared on television as a host of TNTs MonsterVision horror movie marathons , and has an internet website , The Joe Bob Report , with collections of movie reviews and other articles . Briggs was president of the Trinity Foundation of Dallas , a non-denominational , non-profit public foundation that serves as a religious watchdog group and publishes The Door , a Christian satire magazine , of which Briggs was a regular columnist and investigative reporter . Some of the efforts of Blooms religious watchdog reporting and satire were featured ( under his given name John Bloom ) in God Stuff , a regular segment in the first two seasons of The Daily Show . Books . Joe Bob Briggs movie reviews are collected in the now out-of-print books Joe Bob Goes to the Drive In and Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In . His most recent books , Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History and Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History , contain all-new material . Recently , Briggs has contributed audio commentaries to DVDs released by Media Blasters and Elite Entertainment including Jesse James Meets Frankensteins Daughter , The Double-D Avenger , Michael Findlays Blood Sisters , Warlock Moon , Samurai Cop , I Spit on Your Grave , and several Ray Dennis Steckler films including The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies and Blood Shack . Joe Bob Briggs appeared as himself in the 2008 novel Bad Moon Rising by Jonathan Maberry . Joe Bob is one of several real-world horror celebrities who are in the fictional town of Pine Deep when monsters attack . Other celebrities include Tom Savini , Jim ORear , Brinke Stevens , Ken Foree , Stephen Susco , Debbie Rochon , James Gunn and blues man Mem Shannon . Under his given name , John Bloom , he also co-wrote the nonfiction book Evidence of Love : The Candy Montgomery Story ( 1984 ) . The book recounts the 1980 Wylie , Texas murder case in which Montgomery killed her ex-lovers wife , Betty Gore , by striking her a total of 41 times with an axe and whose highly publicized trial ended in an unexpected not guilty verdict . The book was made into the CBS television film A Killing in a Small Town ( 1990 ) , starring Barbara Hershey . In 2016 , also under his given name , he wrote the nonfiction book Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story in which he traces the conception , development , and launching of the Iridium satellite constellation and the race to save it from destruction . Filmography . Podcast appearances . Briggs appeared on Ken Reids TV Guidance Counselor podcast on June 16 , 2016 , as well as the podcasts Frightday on July 11 , 2018 , Astonishing Legends Podcast on December 9 , 2018 , and The Last Podcast on the Left on March 28 , 2019 . Bibliography . - Evidence of Love : A True Story of Passion and Death in the Suburbs ( 1984 ) with Jim Atkinson , - Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in ( 1987 ) , - A Guide to Western Civilization , or : My Story ( 1988 ) , - Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in ( 1990 ) , - The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs ( 1990 ) , - Iron Joe Bob ( 1992 ) , - Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History ! ( 2003 ) , - Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History ( 2005 ) , - Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story ( 2016 ) , External links . - Official website - ACME Joe Bob Briggs - Interview with Kittenpants.org - Interview at The Onion AV Clu |
[
""
] | easy | Who did Joe Bob Briggs work for from 2000 to 2004? | /wiki/Joe_Bob_Briggs#P108#3 | Joe Bob Briggs John Irving Bloom ( born January 27 , 1953 ) , known by the stage name Joe Bob Briggs , is an American syndicated film critic , writer , actor , and comic performer . He is known for having hosted the TNT television series MonsterVision from 1996 to 2000 , and The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder from 2018–present . Early years . Bloom was born in Dallas , the son of Thelma Louise ( née Berry ) and Rudolph Lewis Bloom . He was raised in Little Rock , Arkansas , and attended Vanderbilt University on a journalism sports-writing scholarship . He began his writing career at Texas Monthly and Dallas Times Herald . While a movie reviewer at the Herald , he created the humorous persona of Joe Bob Briggs to review exploitation films and other genre films . Persona . Briggss acting persona is that of an unapologetic redneck Texan with an avowed love of the drive-in theater . He specializes in humorous but appreciative reviews of B-movies and cult films , which he calls drive-in movies ( as distinguished from indoor bullstuff ) . In addition to his usual parody of urbane , high-brow movie criticism , his columns characteristically include colorful tales of woman-troubles and high-spirited brushes with the law , tales which inevitably conclude with his rush to catch a movie at a local drive-in , usually with female companionship . Briggs revealed in an interview with James Rolfe that he intended the character to have an ambiguous sounding name and initially thought of calling himself Bubba Rodriguez , but was told that the name Rodriguez would be perceived as racist and decided to go with The whitest name I could come up with . The reviews typically end with a brief rating of the movie in questions high points , including the types of action ( represented by nouns naming objects used in fight scenes suffixed with -fu ) , the number of bodies , number of female breasts bared , the notional number of total pints of blood spilt , and for appropriately untoward movies , a vomit meter . A typical summarization would read , no dead bodies . One hundred seventeen breasts . Multiple aardvarking . Lap dancing . Cage dancing . Convenience-store dancing . Blindfold aardvarking . Blind-MAN aardvarking . Lesbo Fu . Pool cue-fu . Drive-In Academy Award nominations for Tane McClure . Joe Bob says check it out . Originally , Briggss film reviews were limited to pictures shown at local drive-ins . Later , after a tongue-in-cheek battle with his own convictions in Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In , he also began reviewing films released on VHS and DVD . Reaction to redevelopment of 42nd Street . During the early 1980s when New York City was in the planning stages of redeveloping its run-down 42nd Street , Times Square area , which included closing many grindhouses showing B-movies on double and triple bills around the clock , as well as many porn theaters , Joe Bob expressed great opposition . He encouraged a postcard-fu campaign , i.e. , encouraging film fans to write to New York City officials and pressure them into saving the one place in New York City you could see a decent drive-in movie . He felt the 42nd Street movie houses rightfully belonged to all Americans and should be preserved as places where Charles Bronson can be seen thirty feet high , as God intended . Leaving the Dallas Times Herald . In 1985 , Briggs wrote a column about the We Are the World video , in which he wrote a mocking description of starving African children , and made derogatory comments about the American Negro College Fund . The resulting controversy ended Blooms position at the Dallas Times Herald , though his syndicated column merely changed distributors . One-man shows . In July 1985 , Joe Bobs one-man show , An Evening with Joe Bob Briggs , debuted in Cleveland . Later re-titled Joe Bob Dead in Concert for home release , the show evolved into a theatrical piece involving storytelling , comedy and music . The show was performed in more than 50 venues over the next two years , including Carolines on Broadway in New York and regular engagements at Wolfgangs and the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco , as well as convention centers , theaters , music clubs and other comedy clubs . In 2019 , Joe Bob began performing a new one-man show , How Rednecks Saved Hollywood , at genre film festivals and revival movie houses across the United States . Television . In 1986 , as a result of the stage show , Joe Bob was asked to be a guest host on Drive-in Theater , a late- night B-movie show on The Movie Channel ( TMC ) , related network of Showtime . Briggs went over so well that he was eventually signed to a long-term contract . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater became the networks highest-rated show and ran for almost ten years , and was twice nominated for the industrys Cable ACE Award . He appeared on some 50 talk shows , including The Tonight Show ( twice ) and Larry King Live . He was also a commentator for a Fox TV news magazine for two seasons . He also appeared in episodes of the eighth season of Married.. . with Children as Billy Ray Wet Nap , co-owner of Pest Boys Pest Control . Joe Bobs Drive-in Theater ended when TMC changed its format in early 1996 . He was off the air for only four months before joining the TNT network , where he hosted MonsterVision for four years . That show ended in July 2000 , when TNT likewise changed format . In 2011 , the most definitive account of the MonsterVision series ( including interviews with Briggs and series mailgirl Honey Gregory ) appeared on the cult movie website , Mondo Video . In the late 90s he also spent two seasons as a commentator on Comedy Centrals The Daily Show ( under his given name John Bloom ) , with a recurring segment called God stuff beginning on the 2nd ever episode in 1996 . He starred in Frank Henenlotters documentary Herschell Gordon Lewis – Godfather of Gore . In 2018 , the horror-themed subscription video on demand service Shudder , owned and operated by AMC , signed Joe Bob for a new series The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs , which premiered as a 13-film marathon on July 13 , 2018 . During the premiere , Shudders servers crashed as a result of an overwhelming number of subscribers attempting to access the services new Live Stream feature . Despite the server errors , the series received critical acclaim from critics and horror fans alike . On July 20 , Shudder announced on social media that Joe Bob would return , which was realized as two shorter marathons on Thanksgiving and Christmas Day . Beginning on March 29 , The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs marked the return to his double feature format , streaming live on Friday nights , and streaming on-demand on Shudder after the live streaming premieres . The second season of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs started on April 24th , 2020 consisting of 10 films . On February 23rd , 2021 , Joe Bob Briggs announced on Twitter that Season 3 of The Last Drive-in with Joe Bob Briggs on Shudder will start on April 16th , 2021 . During these TV years , Briggs remained active as a writer , working as a contributing editor to the National Lampoon , freelancing for Rolling Stone , Playboy , The Village Voice , and Interview . He was the regular humor columnist and theater critic at National Review , and he published five books of satire—Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in , A Guide to Western Civilization , or My Story , Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in , The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs , and Iron Joe Bob , his homage to the mens movement . He also wrote and performed in special shows for Fox and Showtime , and collaborated with veteran comedy writer Norman Steinberg on an NBC sitcom that remains unproduced . His two syndicated newspaper columns , Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in and Joe Bobs America , were picked up by The New York Times Syndicate in the 90s , and he continued to write both until putting the columns on hiatus in 1998 . For one year he wrote a humorous sex advice column in Penthouse . In November 2000 he started writing the Drive-in column again , this time for United Press International , along with a second column , The Vegas Guy , which chronicles Joe Bobs weekly forays into the casinos of America . In 2003 , Briggs delivered Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies That Changed History . In 1998 , Bloom retired from writing newspaper reviews , only to return two years later due to popular demand and continue his column as Joe Bob with UPI . Bloom has also appeared on television as a host of TNTs MonsterVision horror movie marathons , and has an internet website , The Joe Bob Report , with collections of movie reviews and other articles . Briggs was president of the Trinity Foundation of Dallas , a non-denominational , non-profit public foundation that serves as a religious watchdog group and publishes The Door , a Christian satire magazine , of which Briggs was a regular columnist and investigative reporter . Some of the efforts of Blooms religious watchdog reporting and satire were featured ( under his given name John Bloom ) in God Stuff , a regular segment in the first two seasons of The Daily Show . Books . Joe Bob Briggs movie reviews are collected in the now out-of-print books Joe Bob Goes to the Drive In and Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive In . His most recent books , Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History and Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History , contain all-new material . Recently , Briggs has contributed audio commentaries to DVDs released by Media Blasters and Elite Entertainment including Jesse James Meets Frankensteins Daughter , The Double-D Avenger , Michael Findlays Blood Sisters , Warlock Moon , Samurai Cop , I Spit on Your Grave , and several Ray Dennis Steckler films including The Incredibly Strange Creatures Who Stopped Living and Became Mixed-Up Zombies and Blood Shack . Joe Bob Briggs appeared as himself in the 2008 novel Bad Moon Rising by Jonathan Maberry . Joe Bob is one of several real-world horror celebrities who are in the fictional town of Pine Deep when monsters attack . Other celebrities include Tom Savini , Jim ORear , Brinke Stevens , Ken Foree , Stephen Susco , Debbie Rochon , James Gunn and blues man Mem Shannon . Under his given name , John Bloom , he also co-wrote the nonfiction book Evidence of Love : The Candy Montgomery Story ( 1984 ) . The book recounts the 1980 Wylie , Texas murder case in which Montgomery killed her ex-lovers wife , Betty Gore , by striking her a total of 41 times with an axe and whose highly publicized trial ended in an unexpected not guilty verdict . The book was made into the CBS television film A Killing in a Small Town ( 1990 ) , starring Barbara Hershey . In 2016 , also under his given name , he wrote the nonfiction book Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story in which he traces the conception , development , and launching of the Iridium satellite constellation and the race to save it from destruction . Filmography . Podcast appearances . Briggs appeared on Ken Reids TV Guidance Counselor podcast on June 16 , 2016 , as well as the podcasts Frightday on July 11 , 2018 , Astonishing Legends Podcast on December 9 , 2018 , and The Last Podcast on the Left on March 28 , 2019 . Bibliography . - Evidence of Love : A True Story of Passion and Death in the Suburbs ( 1984 ) with Jim Atkinson , - Joe Bob Goes to the Drive-in ( 1987 ) , - A Guide to Western Civilization , or : My Story ( 1988 ) , - Joe Bob Goes Back to the Drive-in ( 1990 ) , - The Cosmic Wisdom of Joe Bob Briggs ( 1990 ) , - Iron Joe Bob ( 1992 ) , - Profoundly Disturbing : Shocking Movies that Changed History ! ( 2003 ) , - Profoundly Erotic : Sexy Movies that Changed History ( 2005 ) , - Eccentric Orbits : The Iridium Story ( 2016 ) , External links . - Official website - ACME Joe Bob Briggs - Interview with Kittenpants.org - Interview at The Onion AV Clu |
[
"Anna Gubbertz ( c.1595–1653 ) or Anna Quickelberry"
] | easy | Who was the spouse of Sir John Maclean, 1st Baronet from 1629 to Dec 1655? | /wiki/Sir_John_Maclean,_1st_Baronet#P26#0 | Sir John Maclean , 1st Baronet Sir John Maclean , 1st Baronet , ( 1604 – 7 July 1666 ) also known as John Makeléer or Hans Makeléer in Sweden , was Lord of Gåsevadholm , and Hageby and Hammarö . He lived in Gothenburg , Sweden . He was made a Baronet by Charles II of England and was made Lord of Gåsevadholm , Hageby , and Hammarö by Christina of Sweden in 1649 . Biography . John was born in 1604 at Duart Castle , Mull , Argyll , Scotland . He was the son of Hector Og Maclean , 15th Clan Chief and Isabella Atcheson of Gosford , daughter of Sir Archibald Acheson , 1st Baronet . His full brother was Donald MacLean , 1st Laird of Brolas Isabella was the daughter of Sir Archibald Acheson , 1st Baronet . John MacLean then became an officer in the Royal Navy . Emigration and marriage . He emigrated to Gothenburg , Sweden in 1620 , where he had an uncle that worked as a merchant . Now known as John Makeléer or Hans Makeléer , he worked as a merchant , and married Anna Gubbertz ( c.1595–1653 ) or Anna Quickelberry in 1629 in Gothenburg . Annas sister was married to one of Johns relatives , Jacob Makeléer ( Jacob Macklier ) . He was named a town councilor in 1640 and remained one through 1650 . John Hans Makeléer and Anna had fifteen children , with ten surviving to adulthood . They are : Children . 1 . Charles Makeléer who died young . 2 . Jacob Makeléer ( 1632–1663 ) was in the service of Charles XI of Sweden in England . He married Catherine Cochrane , the daughter of Colonel John Cochrane ( colonel ) . Jacob may have taken his own life during an illness . 3 . Johan Makeléer , 2nd Baronet ( c1630–1696 ) , of the Gothenburg Court of Justice . He married Anna Margareta Gordon . 4 . Peter Makeléer was colonel and commandant in Stralsund , and he married Abolla Sophia Vanplassen . 5 . Gustavus Makeléer was colonel in the Swedish army and commandant in Gothenburg . 6 . Carl Leonard Makeléer ( 1633–1663 ) 7 . Maria Makeléer who married General David Duncan ( general ) . He was in the service of the King of Denmark . 8 . Catharina Makeléer ( 1637–1709 ) who married , first , Colonel David Sinclair ( colonel ) , and secondly , General Baron Malcolm Hamilton of Hageby . 9 . Eliza Makeléer , she was married to Major Cailenkerheilm . 10 . Anna Makeléer ( 1638–1646 ) . 11 . Lunetta Makeléer ( 1639–1693 ) who married Joakim Cronman ( c.1640–1703 ) . He was a Colonel in the service of the Swedish Empire and the Commandant at Neumünde . This is the Ruuth-Näslund-Winblad line . 12 . Maria Sophia Makeléer ( 1640–1721 ) . 13 . Gustaf Adolf Makeléer ( 1641–1706 ) who was a Captain in the Swedish Army who married Sara Carlberg ( 1647–1701 ) . 14 . Elsa Beata Makeléer ( 1643–1730 ) who married Major Marten Christensson . 15 . David Makeléer , 1st Friherre ( 1645–1708 ) , a General in the army and the first governor of Älvsborg County , Sweden from 1693 to 1708 who married the countess of Arenberg . General David left five sons and two daughters , of whom John Aldolphus MacLean was general in the army and colonel of the Life Guards . Baronet . In 1635 he loaned 1,150 thalers to Queen Christina of Sweden to supply her army at a time when the Royal treasury was depleted . In May 1649 he was awarded a Baronetcy by Charles II of England . On 30 December 1655 he married Lilian Hamilton . After her death he married Anna Thompson . He died in 1666 . - 1604 Birth in Scotland - 1629 Emigration to Gothenburg , Sweden at age 25 - 1629 Marriage to Anna Gubbertz - 1633 Birth of Carl Leonard Makeléer - 1635 ( circa ) Birth of David Makeléer - 1635 Advanced the sum of 1150 thalers to Queen Christina at a time when the Exchequer was exhausted and new armaments were urgently required - 1637 Birth of Catharina Makeléer - 1638 Birth of Anna Makeléer - 1639 Birth of Lunetta Makeléer - 1641 Birth of Gustaf Adolf Makeléer - 1643 Birth of Elsa Beata Makeléer - 1649 Received the title Lord - 1649 Visit of James Graham - 1653 Death of first wife , Anna Gubbertz - 1655 Married second wife , Lilian Hamilton - 1666 Death in Sweden |
[
""
] | easy | Who was Sir John Maclean, 1st Baronet 's spouse from Dec 1655 to Jul 1666? | /wiki/Sir_John_Maclean,_1st_Baronet#P26#1 | Sir John Maclean , 1st Baronet Sir John Maclean , 1st Baronet , ( 1604 – 7 July 1666 ) also known as John Makeléer or Hans Makeléer in Sweden , was Lord of Gåsevadholm , and Hageby and Hammarö . He lived in Gothenburg , Sweden . He was made a Baronet by Charles II of England and was made Lord of Gåsevadholm , Hageby , and Hammarö by Christina of Sweden in 1649 . Biography . John was born in 1604 at Duart Castle , Mull , Argyll , Scotland . He was the son of Hector Og Maclean , 15th Clan Chief and Isabella Atcheson of Gosford , daughter of Sir Archibald Acheson , 1st Baronet . His full brother was Donald MacLean , 1st Laird of Brolas Isabella was the daughter of Sir Archibald Acheson , 1st Baronet . John MacLean then became an officer in the Royal Navy . Emigration and marriage . He emigrated to Gothenburg , Sweden in 1620 , where he had an uncle that worked as a merchant . Now known as John Makeléer or Hans Makeléer , he worked as a merchant , and married Anna Gubbertz ( c.1595–1653 ) or Anna Quickelberry in 1629 in Gothenburg . Annas sister was married to one of Johns relatives , Jacob Makeléer ( Jacob Macklier ) . He was named a town councilor in 1640 and remained one through 1650 . John Hans Makeléer and Anna had fifteen children , with ten surviving to adulthood . They are : Children . 1 . Charles Makeléer who died young . 2 . Jacob Makeléer ( 1632–1663 ) was in the service of Charles XI of Sweden in England . He married Catherine Cochrane , the daughter of Colonel John Cochrane ( colonel ) . Jacob may have taken his own life during an illness . 3 . Johan Makeléer , 2nd Baronet ( c1630–1696 ) , of the Gothenburg Court of Justice . He married Anna Margareta Gordon . 4 . Peter Makeléer was colonel and commandant in Stralsund , and he married Abolla Sophia Vanplassen . 5 . Gustavus Makeléer was colonel in the Swedish army and commandant in Gothenburg . 6 . Carl Leonard Makeléer ( 1633–1663 ) 7 . Maria Makeléer who married General David Duncan ( general ) . He was in the service of the King of Denmark . 8 . Catharina Makeléer ( 1637–1709 ) who married , first , Colonel David Sinclair ( colonel ) , and secondly , General Baron Malcolm Hamilton of Hageby . 9 . Eliza Makeléer , she was married to Major Cailenkerheilm . 10 . Anna Makeléer ( 1638–1646 ) . 11 . Lunetta Makeléer ( 1639–1693 ) who married Joakim Cronman ( c.1640–1703 ) . He was a Colonel in the service of the Swedish Empire and the Commandant at Neumünde . This is the Ruuth-Näslund-Winblad line . 12 . Maria Sophia Makeléer ( 1640–1721 ) . 13 . Gustaf Adolf Makeléer ( 1641–1706 ) who was a Captain in the Swedish Army who married Sara Carlberg ( 1647–1701 ) . 14 . Elsa Beata Makeléer ( 1643–1730 ) who married Major Marten Christensson . 15 . David Makeléer , 1st Friherre ( 1645–1708 ) , a General in the army and the first governor of Älvsborg County , Sweden from 1693 to 1708 who married the countess of Arenberg . General David left five sons and two daughters , of whom John Aldolphus MacLean was general in the army and colonel of the Life Guards . Baronet . In 1635 he loaned 1,150 thalers to Queen Christina of Sweden to supply her army at a time when the Royal treasury was depleted . In May 1649 he was awarded a Baronetcy by Charles II of England . On 30 December 1655 he married Lilian Hamilton . After her death he married Anna Thompson . He died in 1666 . - 1604 Birth in Scotland - 1629 Emigration to Gothenburg , Sweden at age 25 - 1629 Marriage to Anna Gubbertz - 1633 Birth of Carl Leonard Makeléer - 1635 ( circa ) Birth of David Makeléer - 1635 Advanced the sum of 1150 thalers to Queen Christina at a time when the Exchequer was exhausted and new armaments were urgently required - 1637 Birth of Catharina Makeléer - 1638 Birth of Anna Makeléer - 1639 Birth of Lunetta Makeléer - 1641 Birth of Gustaf Adolf Makeléer - 1643 Birth of Elsa Beata Makeléer - 1649 Received the title Lord - 1649 Visit of James Graham - 1653 Death of first wife , Anna Gubbertz - 1655 Married second wife , Lilian Hamilton - 1666 Death in Sweden |
[
"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"
] | easy | Which school did Brad Miller (politician) go to from 1974 to 1975? | /wiki/Brad_Miller_(politician)#P69#0 | Brad Miller ( politician ) Ralph Bradley Miller ( born May 19 , 1953 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2003 to 2013 . District 13 included all of Caswell and Person counties , and parts of Alamance , Granville , Guilford , Rockingham and Wake counties . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Early life , education , and law career . Miller was born in Fayetteville , North Carolina to Margaret Hale Miller and Nathan David Miller . Miller earned a BA degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1975 , a Masters degree from the London School of Economics in 1978 , and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1979 . After graduation he served as clerk to Judge J . Dickson Phillips Jr . of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit . Miller practiced Law in Raleigh before entering politics . North Carolina legislature . He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1992 until 1994 and a member of the North Carolina Senate from 1996 to 2002 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . In 2002 , Miller was elected to represent North Carolinas 13th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives . Following the 2000 Census , Miller had a hand in redrawing the district map which established NC 13 . During the 2002 election , Miller advanced from a crowded Democratic primary , which included former Congressman Robin Britt , to defeat Republican Carolyn Grant and a Libertarian candidate with roughly 55% of the vote . Grant later sued Miller alleging , among other things , that he and his campaign defamed her in an October 2002 television advertisement . She later dropped the suit after she failed to comply with several court orders . Miller was elected to his second term in the 2004 Congressional elections , earning 59% of the vote and defeating Republican Virginia Johnson . Millers opponent in the 2006 race was Vernon Robinson , a conservative African American politician who is a former city council member and current resident of Winston-Salem , North Carolina ( outside the thirteenth congressional district ) . Robinson was able to garner national attention due to his bombastic and exaggerative rhetoric . Robinson made several accusations against Miller , including that he was cutting money from US troops to study the sex lives of prostitutes . He also claimed that Miller was gay , despite having a wife , and that he was allowing illegal immigrants to sneak into America . Miller defeated Robinson 63.71% to 36.29% . In 2007 Miller considered a run for the U.S . Senate against incumbent Elizabeth Dole but decided against it . Later , he ruled out running against Sen . Richard Burr in 2010 . After the 2010 United States Census , Republicans who controlled the states General Assembly redrew the districts . In the process , they placed Miller into a new , heavily Republican 13th District stretching from northern Raleigh all the way to Surry County on the other side of the state . While Barack Obama carried the old 13th fairly handily with 59 percent of the vote , John McCain would have won the reconfigured 13th with 56 percent of the vote . However , after 1st District Congressman G . K . Butterfield raised objections that the new map violated the rights of African-American voters in the eastern part of the state , the state legislature was forced to redraw the map again . The new plan made the 13th more compact , taking in territory from areas just west and east of Raleigh to just east of Rocky Mount . However , it is still significantly more Republican than its predecessor ; McCain would have won it with 54 percent . The new map also placed Millers apartment complex 50 yards inside the 4th district , represented by fellow Democrat David Price , but left the rest of Millers precinct in the 13th . On January 26 , 2012 , Miller announced that he would not seek re-election to Congress . Tenure . - Education Miller co-founded and co-chairs the bipartisan congressional Community College caucus , which educates members of Congress on the importance of community colleges . For his efforts , he was recognized with the Congressional Award from the Council for Resource Development . - Healthcare reform Miller voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act . - Financial reform The Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 2009 - Financial Product Safety Commission Act of 2009 In 2009 Miller introduced legislation with Rep . Bill Delahunt ( D-MA ) to establish a Financial Product Safety Commission . The bill , modeled on a concept proposed by Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , was subsequently included in the financial regulatory reform package announced by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on July 24 , 2009 . - Emergency Homeownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007 On September 20 , 2007 Miller introduced H.R . 3609 , becoming the first member of Congress to propose that bankruptcy courts be allowed to modify the mortgage debt of persons in foreclosure or against whom foreclosure proceedings had been commenced . - AIG Hearing On March 18 , 2009 Miller , a member of the Financial Services Committee , excoriated American International Group ( AIG ) Chairman Edward Liddy during testimony pertaining to the insurance companys controversial financial policies following its receipt of federal assistance . Miller cited AIGs allocation of $49.5 billion of taxpayer resources toward bank credit insurance policies , criticizing the company for acting to compromise market discipline . - Repeal of Defense of Marriage Act In September 2011 , Miller announced that he will co-sponsor a bill that would repeal the Defense of Marriage Act , the 1996 law that forbids federal agencies from recognizing the legal marriages of gay and lesbian couples . Describing the legislation , Miller said North Carolina would still not be required to perform civil marriage , but it would be required to recognize marriages performed in other states.” The announcement comes on the heels of the North Carolina Legislature announcing that it would include a proposed constitutional amendment on the next ballot banning gay marriage . - Environment Miller was originally in favor of having the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility ( NBAF ) located close to his district in Butner , North Carolina , but changed his mind after his constituents objected to the project . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Committee on Science , Space and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight In January 2007 Miller was named to the House Foreign Affairs Committee . Soon thereafter he was appointed chairman of the new Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight . Caucus memberships . - Historic Preservation Caucus ( Chair ) - African Great Lakes Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Congressional Bike Caucus - Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports - Congressional Community College Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - International Conservation Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus Quotes . - Eighty percent is not the bottom end . That’s the vast majority of workers not sharing in economic prosperity from production increases . ( 2006 , to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - With tax cuts going to the people who receive inherited wealth , can you identify a single policy of this Congress or the Bush Administration that appears directed at closing income inequality or the concentration of wealth ? ( 2006 , also to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - For four years , patriotic Americans , Democrats and Republicans alike , have anguished over events in Iraq , and given deep and prayerful thought to alternatives . But the Bush Administration dismissed and insulted dissenters , and often made fierce attempts to discredit them . Not even General Eric Shinseki , the Chief of Staff of the Army , or James Baker , Secretary of State for the first President Bush , were spared . And the Bush Administration has treated criticisms of Members of Congress as meddling , as sticking our nose in their war . House Democrats have offered plan after plan to alter our course in Iraq , and House Republicans greeted every plan with strident attack . ( February 16 , 2007 ) Personal life . Miller is an occasional blogger at the Daily Kos . |
[
""
] | easy | Brad Miller (politician) went to which school in 1975? | /wiki/Brad_Miller_(politician)#P69#1 | Brad Miller ( politician ) Ralph Bradley Miller ( born May 19 , 1953 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2003 to 2013 . District 13 included all of Caswell and Person counties , and parts of Alamance , Granville , Guilford , Rockingham and Wake counties . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Early life , education , and law career . Miller was born in Fayetteville , North Carolina to Margaret Hale Miller and Nathan David Miller . Miller earned a BA degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1975 , a Masters degree from the London School of Economics in 1978 , and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1979 . After graduation he served as clerk to Judge J . Dickson Phillips Jr . of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit . Miller practiced Law in Raleigh before entering politics . North Carolina legislature . He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1992 until 1994 and a member of the North Carolina Senate from 1996 to 2002 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . In 2002 , Miller was elected to represent North Carolinas 13th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives . Following the 2000 Census , Miller had a hand in redrawing the district map which established NC 13 . During the 2002 election , Miller advanced from a crowded Democratic primary , which included former Congressman Robin Britt , to defeat Republican Carolyn Grant and a Libertarian candidate with roughly 55% of the vote . Grant later sued Miller alleging , among other things , that he and his campaign defamed her in an October 2002 television advertisement . She later dropped the suit after she failed to comply with several court orders . Miller was elected to his second term in the 2004 Congressional elections , earning 59% of the vote and defeating Republican Virginia Johnson . Millers opponent in the 2006 race was Vernon Robinson , a conservative African American politician who is a former city council member and current resident of Winston-Salem , North Carolina ( outside the thirteenth congressional district ) . Robinson was able to garner national attention due to his bombastic and exaggerative rhetoric . Robinson made several accusations against Miller , including that he was cutting money from US troops to study the sex lives of prostitutes . He also claimed that Miller was gay , despite having a wife , and that he was allowing illegal immigrants to sneak into America . Miller defeated Robinson 63.71% to 36.29% . In 2007 Miller considered a run for the U.S . Senate against incumbent Elizabeth Dole but decided against it . Later , he ruled out running against Sen . Richard Burr in 2010 . After the 2010 United States Census , Republicans who controlled the states General Assembly redrew the districts . In the process , they placed Miller into a new , heavily Republican 13th District stretching from northern Raleigh all the way to Surry County on the other side of the state . While Barack Obama carried the old 13th fairly handily with 59 percent of the vote , John McCain would have won the reconfigured 13th with 56 percent of the vote . However , after 1st District Congressman G . K . Butterfield raised objections that the new map violated the rights of African-American voters in the eastern part of the state , the state legislature was forced to redraw the map again . The new plan made the 13th more compact , taking in territory from areas just west and east of Raleigh to just east of Rocky Mount . However , it is still significantly more Republican than its predecessor ; McCain would have won it with 54 percent . The new map also placed Millers apartment complex 50 yards inside the 4th district , represented by fellow Democrat David Price , but left the rest of Millers precinct in the 13th . On January 26 , 2012 , Miller announced that he would not seek re-election to Congress . Tenure . - Education Miller co-founded and co-chairs the bipartisan congressional Community College caucus , which educates members of Congress on the importance of community colleges . For his efforts , he was recognized with the Congressional Award from the Council for Resource Development . - Healthcare reform Miller voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act . - Financial reform The Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 2009 - Financial Product Safety Commission Act of 2009 In 2009 Miller introduced legislation with Rep . Bill Delahunt ( D-MA ) to establish a Financial Product Safety Commission . The bill , modeled on a concept proposed by Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , was subsequently included in the financial regulatory reform package announced by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on July 24 , 2009 . - Emergency Homeownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007 On September 20 , 2007 Miller introduced H.R . 3609 , becoming the first member of Congress to propose that bankruptcy courts be allowed to modify the mortgage debt of persons in foreclosure or against whom foreclosure proceedings had been commenced . - AIG Hearing On March 18 , 2009 Miller , a member of the Financial Services Committee , excoriated American International Group ( AIG ) Chairman Edward Liddy during testimony pertaining to the insurance companys controversial financial policies following its receipt of federal assistance . Miller cited AIGs allocation of $49.5 billion of taxpayer resources toward bank credit insurance policies , criticizing the company for acting to compromise market discipline . - Repeal of Defense of Marriage Act In September 2011 , Miller announced that he will co-sponsor a bill that would repeal the Defense of Marriage Act , the 1996 law that forbids federal agencies from recognizing the legal marriages of gay and lesbian couples . Describing the legislation , Miller said North Carolina would still not be required to perform civil marriage , but it would be required to recognize marriages performed in other states.” The announcement comes on the heels of the North Carolina Legislature announcing that it would include a proposed constitutional amendment on the next ballot banning gay marriage . - Environment Miller was originally in favor of having the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility ( NBAF ) located close to his district in Butner , North Carolina , but changed his mind after his constituents objected to the project . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Committee on Science , Space and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight In January 2007 Miller was named to the House Foreign Affairs Committee . Soon thereafter he was appointed chairman of the new Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight . Caucus memberships . - Historic Preservation Caucus ( Chair ) - African Great Lakes Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Congressional Bike Caucus - Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports - Congressional Community College Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - International Conservation Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus Quotes . - Eighty percent is not the bottom end . That’s the vast majority of workers not sharing in economic prosperity from production increases . ( 2006 , to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - With tax cuts going to the people who receive inherited wealth , can you identify a single policy of this Congress or the Bush Administration that appears directed at closing income inequality or the concentration of wealth ? ( 2006 , also to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - For four years , patriotic Americans , Democrats and Republicans alike , have anguished over events in Iraq , and given deep and prayerful thought to alternatives . But the Bush Administration dismissed and insulted dissenters , and often made fierce attempts to discredit them . Not even General Eric Shinseki , the Chief of Staff of the Army , or James Baker , Secretary of State for the first President Bush , were spared . And the Bush Administration has treated criticisms of Members of Congress as meddling , as sticking our nose in their war . House Democrats have offered plan after plan to alter our course in Iraq , and House Republicans greeted every plan with strident attack . ( February 16 , 2007 ) Personal life . Miller is an occasional blogger at the Daily Kos . |
[
"Columbia Law School"
] | easy | Brad Miller (politician) went to which school from 1975 to 1979? | /wiki/Brad_Miller_(politician)#P69#2 | Brad Miller ( politician ) Ralph Bradley Miller ( born May 19 , 1953 ) is the former U.S . Representative for , serving from 2003 to 2013 . District 13 included all of Caswell and Person counties , and parts of Alamance , Granville , Guilford , Rockingham and Wake counties . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Early life , education , and law career . Miller was born in Fayetteville , North Carolina to Margaret Hale Miller and Nathan David Miller . Miller earned a BA degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1975 , a Masters degree from the London School of Economics in 1978 , and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School in 1979 . After graduation he served as clerk to Judge J . Dickson Phillips Jr . of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit . Miller practiced Law in Raleigh before entering politics . North Carolina legislature . He was a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1992 until 1994 and a member of the North Carolina Senate from 1996 to 2002 . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . In 2002 , Miller was elected to represent North Carolinas 13th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives . Following the 2000 Census , Miller had a hand in redrawing the district map which established NC 13 . During the 2002 election , Miller advanced from a crowded Democratic primary , which included former Congressman Robin Britt , to defeat Republican Carolyn Grant and a Libertarian candidate with roughly 55% of the vote . Grant later sued Miller alleging , among other things , that he and his campaign defamed her in an October 2002 television advertisement . She later dropped the suit after she failed to comply with several court orders . Miller was elected to his second term in the 2004 Congressional elections , earning 59% of the vote and defeating Republican Virginia Johnson . Millers opponent in the 2006 race was Vernon Robinson , a conservative African American politician who is a former city council member and current resident of Winston-Salem , North Carolina ( outside the thirteenth congressional district ) . Robinson was able to garner national attention due to his bombastic and exaggerative rhetoric . Robinson made several accusations against Miller , including that he was cutting money from US troops to study the sex lives of prostitutes . He also claimed that Miller was gay , despite having a wife , and that he was allowing illegal immigrants to sneak into America . Miller defeated Robinson 63.71% to 36.29% . In 2007 Miller considered a run for the U.S . Senate against incumbent Elizabeth Dole but decided against it . Later , he ruled out running against Sen . Richard Burr in 2010 . After the 2010 United States Census , Republicans who controlled the states General Assembly redrew the districts . In the process , they placed Miller into a new , heavily Republican 13th District stretching from northern Raleigh all the way to Surry County on the other side of the state . While Barack Obama carried the old 13th fairly handily with 59 percent of the vote , John McCain would have won the reconfigured 13th with 56 percent of the vote . However , after 1st District Congressman G . K . Butterfield raised objections that the new map violated the rights of African-American voters in the eastern part of the state , the state legislature was forced to redraw the map again . The new plan made the 13th more compact , taking in territory from areas just west and east of Raleigh to just east of Rocky Mount . However , it is still significantly more Republican than its predecessor ; McCain would have won it with 54 percent . The new map also placed Millers apartment complex 50 yards inside the 4th district , represented by fellow Democrat David Price , but left the rest of Millers precinct in the 13th . On January 26 , 2012 , Miller announced that he would not seek re-election to Congress . Tenure . - Education Miller co-founded and co-chairs the bipartisan congressional Community College caucus , which educates members of Congress on the importance of community colleges . For his efforts , he was recognized with the Congressional Award from the Council for Resource Development . - Healthcare reform Miller voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act . - Financial reform The Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 2009 - Financial Product Safety Commission Act of 2009 In 2009 Miller introduced legislation with Rep . Bill Delahunt ( D-MA ) to establish a Financial Product Safety Commission . The bill , modeled on a concept proposed by Harvard Law School Professor Elizabeth Warren , was subsequently included in the financial regulatory reform package announced by Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on July 24 , 2009 . - Emergency Homeownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007 On September 20 , 2007 Miller introduced H.R . 3609 , becoming the first member of Congress to propose that bankruptcy courts be allowed to modify the mortgage debt of persons in foreclosure or against whom foreclosure proceedings had been commenced . - AIG Hearing On March 18 , 2009 Miller , a member of the Financial Services Committee , excoriated American International Group ( AIG ) Chairman Edward Liddy during testimony pertaining to the insurance companys controversial financial policies following its receipt of federal assistance . Miller cited AIGs allocation of $49.5 billion of taxpayer resources toward bank credit insurance policies , criticizing the company for acting to compromise market discipline . - Repeal of Defense of Marriage Act In September 2011 , Miller announced that he will co-sponsor a bill that would repeal the Defense of Marriage Act , the 1996 law that forbids federal agencies from recognizing the legal marriages of gay and lesbian couples . Describing the legislation , Miller said North Carolina would still not be required to perform civil marriage , but it would be required to recognize marriages performed in other states.” The announcement comes on the heels of the North Carolina Legislature announcing that it would include a proposed constitutional amendment on the next ballot banning gay marriage . - Environment Miller was originally in favor of having the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility ( NBAF ) located close to his district in Butner , North Carolina , but changed his mind after his constituents objected to the project . Committee assignments . - Committee on Financial Services - Subcommittee on Capital Markets , Insurance , and Government-Sponsored Enterprises - Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit - Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Committee on Science , Space and Technology - Subcommittee on Energy and Environment ( Ranking Member ) - Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight In January 2007 Miller was named to the House Foreign Affairs Committee . Soon thereafter he was appointed chairman of the new Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight . Caucus memberships . - Historic Preservation Caucus ( Chair ) - African Great Lakes Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - Congressional Bike Caucus - Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports - Congressional Community College Caucus ( Co-Chair ) - International Conservation Caucus - Congressional Arts Caucus Quotes . - Eighty percent is not the bottom end . That’s the vast majority of workers not sharing in economic prosperity from production increases . ( 2006 , to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - With tax cuts going to the people who receive inherited wealth , can you identify a single policy of this Congress or the Bush Administration that appears directed at closing income inequality or the concentration of wealth ? ( 2006 , also to Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke ) - For four years , patriotic Americans , Democrats and Republicans alike , have anguished over events in Iraq , and given deep and prayerful thought to alternatives . But the Bush Administration dismissed and insulted dissenters , and often made fierce attempts to discredit them . Not even General Eric Shinseki , the Chief of Staff of the Army , or James Baker , Secretary of State for the first President Bush , were spared . And the Bush Administration has treated criticisms of Members of Congress as meddling , as sticking our nose in their war . House Democrats have offered plan after plan to alter our course in Iraq , and House Republicans greeted every plan with strident attack . ( February 16 , 2007 ) Personal life . Miller is an occasional blogger at the Daily Kos . |
[
"Dynamo Stavropol"
] | easy | Roman Pavlyuchenko played for which team from 1998 to 1999? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#0 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Rotor Volgograd"
] | easy | Roman Pavlyuchenko played for which team from 2000 to 2002? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#1 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Rotor Volgograd",
"Spartak Moscow"
] | easy | Roman Pavlyuchenko played for which team from 2002 to 2003? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#2 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Spartak Moscow"
] | easy | Roman Pavlyuchenko played for which team from 2003 to 2008? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#3 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Tottenham Hotspur"
] | easy | Roman Pavlyuchenko played for which team from 2008 to 2012? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#4 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Lokomotiv Moscow"
] | easy | Which team did Roman Pavlyuchenko play for from 2012 to 2013? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#5 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Kuban Krasnodar"
] | easy | Which team did the player Roman Pavlyuchenko belong to from 2015 to 2016? | /wiki/Roman_Pavlyuchenko#P54#6 | Roman Pavlyuchenko Roman Anatolyevich Pavlyuchenko ( ; born 15 December 1981 ) is a Russian footballer who plays as a striker for FC Znamya Noginsk . He started his career at Dynamo Stavropol , and Rotor Volgograd , before transferring to Spartak Moscow in 2003 . His performances there earned him a £13.7 million transfer to Tottenham Hotspur of the English Premier League in 2008 , where he spent three full seasons before returning to Russia to play for Lokomotiv Moscow . After another full 3 seasons he moved in July 2015 , to Kuban Krasnodar . A full international for a decade following his debut in 2003 , Pavlyuchenko earned 51 caps for Russia , and scored 21 international goals . He was named in the Team of the Tournament at Euro 2008 , with Russia reaching the semi-finals , and was also in their squad for Euro 2012 . Early career . Pavlyuchenko was born in the village of Mostovskoy , Krasnodar Krai . Pavlyuchenko was raised by his father Anatoly A . V . Pavlyuchenko and his mother Lyubov Vladimirovna . Pavlyuchenko has a sister . A few days after Pavlyuchenko was born , the family moved to Karachay-Cherkessia , the city of Ust-Dzheguta . Pavlyuchenko began his football career when he joined Victory Sports School and stayed there for seven years before joining another youth club , Dynamo Stavropol . Club career . Dynamo Stavropol . Pavlyuchenko started his football career at Dynamo Stavropol . Under the guidance of coach Vladimir Tokarev and Vladimir Kitin , Pavlyuchenko did not stand out among the rest of the Dynamo players . But under Fyodor Gagloyev , he was first invited to join pre-season tour with the club . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club , coming on as a substitute , in a 1–0 loss against Moscow on 5 April 1999 . On 15 May 1999 , Pavlyuchenko provided a double assist in a 2–1 win over Chita . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko made 31 appearance and scoring 11 goals . However , the club played was still relegated to the Second Division after the club was last place . Despite this , Pavlyuchenko was named Team of the top junior division for the first version of the newspaper Sport Express . Rotor Volgograd . Pavlyuchenko moved to Rotor Volgograd in 2000 , although the move was made in the summer of 1999 , despite president Rochus Shohu rejecting the offer . In his first match , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Elista where he received a red card after he punched an opponent player in the face . On 8 July 2000 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal against Rostov where in his first season , he made 16 appearances and scored 5 goals . The club finished 11th in the league . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 28 appearances and scored 5 goals while the club finished 10th in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 21 appearances and scored 4 times . Spartak Moscow . Pavlyuchenko moved to Spartak Moscow in the spring of 2003 for €700,000 where the deal between the two clubs was agreed . He was a replacement for Vladimir Beschastnykh , who left for Turkish side Fenerbahçe S.K. . On 15 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the club against Moscow . The next game on 22 March 2003 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal for the club in a 2-1 loss against Alania Vladikavkaz . In his first season , Pavlyuchenko scored 10 , making him the best scorer in the team . Also the club placed in 10th place and achieved winning the Russian Cup in a 1-0 win with Pavlyuchenko played for 87 minutes before being substituted . Also , Pavlyuchenko scored in the second leg on 15 October 2003 in a 1-1 draw against Esbjerg of the UEFA Cup which he made his debut in the competition on 24 September 2003 . In his second season , Pavlyuchenko made 26 appearance and scored 10 goals which once again he was the most effective player on the team , which took eighth place in the league . In his third season , Pavlyuchenko made 25 appearance and scored 11 . In his fourth season , Pavlyuchenko was the top scorer in the league with 18 goals and the first player to do so at Spartak Moscow . This also became the first player in the history of Spartak , who was tournament top scorer after the creation of the Russian Federation in 1992 . The club was also close to winning the league but lost out to CSKA Moscow having the same points but with an inferior goal difference . In his fifth season , Pavlyuchenko became a top scorer with 14 goals along with Roman Adamov . With Spartak Moscow he qualified for the UEFA Champions League . Pavlyuchenko was the hero when he scored the winning goal and provided an assist for Mozart in a 2-1 win over Slovan Liberec in the second leg of Champions League Qualification following a first leg 0-0 draw . That win would secure the club Champions League status as Spartak Moscow would play in the Group Stage and were drawn against Sporting Clube de Portugal , Bayern Munich and Inter Milan . On 18 October 2006 , Pavlyuchenko scored the only goal in a 2-1 loss against Inter Milan Matchday 3 . On 5 December 2006 Matchday 6 , Pavlyuchenko scored the first goal in the game as Spartak Moscow win 3-1 over Sporting Lisbon . This win ensured Spartak Moscow would go to the UEFA Cup after becoming third in the group stage . The following season Spartak faced Celtic in their UEFA Champions League qualifier . The first leg finished 1-1 , with Pavlyuchenko scoring Spartaks goal . The second leg also finished 1-1 with Pavlyuchenko scoring again , though he also missed a penalty in normal time . The game went to penalties and Spartak lost . On 19 April 2007 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3-0 win over Kuban Krasnodar . In his fourth and last season , Pavlyuchenko made 14 appearances and scored 6 . During his time at Spartak , Pavlyuchenko was the clubs most prolific goalscorer , scoring 69 goals in 141 games . His goalscoring , together with his loyalty to the rhombik ( the clubs emblem ) , earned him much respect and appreciation from the Army of Red-White Fans . Tottenham Hotspur . In September 2008 , Pavlyuchenko signed for Tottenham Hotspur for a fee of £13.7 million . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for Spurs on 15 September against Aston Villa . He scored his first goal on 24 September 2008 , in the 2–1 League Cup 3rd round win against Newcastle United . Pavlyuchenko went on to score his first league goal for the club in the 2–0 victory against Bolton Wanderers on 26 October 2008 . On 16 May 2009 in a 2-1 win over Manchester City , Pavlyuchenko was substituted 15 minutes before full-time for Fraizer Campbell . Unhappy at coming off , Pavlyuchenko stormed down the tunnel rather joining his teammates on the bench . His actions were criticised by Harry Redknapp , saying that he let the players and fans down . He has scored in every English domestic cup competition game he has played in , except for the 2009 Football League Cup Final . In the 2009–10 season , Pavlyuchenko was fourth-choice striker for Tottenham , with Harry Redknapp preferring Robbie Keane , Peter Crouch and Jermain Defoe to the Russian which Pavlyuchenko was linked a move away from the club . Pavlyuchenko has been linked with clubs like Lokomotiv Moscow , Zenit Saint Petersburg , Roma , A.C . Milan , Hertha BSC , Birmingham City , West Ham United and Spartak Moscow . However , Pavlyuchenko says that he cannot understand why the club didnt let him leave the club , without any explanation . Pavlyuchenko came on as a substitute on 21 February against Wigan Athletic and scored his first league goal of the season , a close-range finish to make the score 2–0 . He also added a second from a very tight angle during injury time to make it 3–0 . Harry Redknapp acknowledged the importance of his performance and remarked on Pavlyuchenkos popularity with the fans in his post-match interview . He made his second start of the season three days later in the FA Cup fifth-round replay against Bolton Wanderers and scored twice , a match Tottenham won 4–0 . Redknapp has since gone on to say that the Russian striker has taken his opportunity and may well see further first team action . Pavlyuchenko continued his good form with another goal against Everton on 28 February , and another two goals against Blackburn Rovers on 13 March . He also scored a goal in the quarter-final replay against Fulham at White Hart Lane on 24 March . On 17 August , he scored a vital away goal against BSC Young Boys in the Champions League play-off round first leg . Tottenham were losing 3–0 until a Sébastien Bassong header pulled it back to 3–1 and Pavlyuchenko later made it 3–2 . In the second leg , Spurs won 4–0 at home , meaning that they would progress into the Champions League group stages . Pavlyuchenkos promising form in this tournament continued with two second-half penalty strikes against FC Twente in Tottenhams second group match , followed by a decisive third goal as Spurs beat cup holders Inter Milan on Matchday 4 . On 4 November , Pavlyuchenko scored with a volley in a 4–2 defeat to Bolton Wanderers . The following weekend , he scored again in a home win against Blackburn Rovers . On 6 March 2011 , he scored a goal against Wolves . He scored the first goal against West Bromwich Albion on 2–2 draw on April . Pavlyuchenko scored a goal in a London derby against Chelsea in a 1–1 draw . On 22 May , the final day of the season , Pavlyuchenko scored two stunning long-range goals in a 2–1 win against Birmingham City to ensure that Tottenham finished fifth in the Premier League and qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League . The win also relegated Birmingham to the Championship . The Russians Tottenham career up until this point had consisted of constantly being down the pecking order in the 2009–10 season despite having a better goals per minute ratio than all of his fellow strike partners in Jermain Defoe , Peter Crouch and Robbie Keane . The same went for the 2010–11 season when in March Pavlyuchenko had a minutes per goals ratio of 151 compared to competitors Jermain Defoe who had 208 , Peter Crouch had 243 and Rafael van der Vaart had 161 . In December of the 2011–12 season , the striker had been restricted to just 18 minutes of Premier League football , until he came on against Sunderland and went on to score the only goal of the game in the 61st minute . This was his third goal of the season having scored against Shamrock Rovers and Rubin Kazan in the Europa League earlier in the season . Lokomotiv Moscow . In early 2012 , Tottenham unilaterally invoked an option to extend Pavlyuchenkos contract until the end of next season . Reports claim that Pavlyuchenko had been involved in a training ground bust-up with Spurs coach Kevin Bond which led him to leave the club in the January transfer window . This was later refuted by his agent . On the transfer deadline , Pavlyuchenko signed a deal with Lokomotiv Moscow for a fee of £8 million with Louis Saha as his replacement . On 3 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko made his debut in his first match back at Russia since 2008 against Kuban Krasnodar in a 2–0 win . On 24 March 2012 , Pavlyuchenko scored his first goal in over four years in Russia in a 2-0 win over CSKA Moscow and provided an assist for Felipe Caicedo . After starting first 6 games of the 2012-13 season under the new manager Slaven Bilić , he lost his spot in the starting lineup and was intermittently used as a substitute for the rest of the season . In the 2013–14 season , there was again a change of manager in Lokomotiv , but Pavlyuchenko was still used as a substitute by Leonid Kuchuk . Kuban Krasnodar . On 16 July 2015 , Kuban Krasnodar announced the signing of Pavlyuchenko . He reunited with former Russia teammate Andrei Arshavin . Ural Yekaterinburg . On 25 June 2016 , following Kubans relegation , he signed a one-year deal with FC Ural Yekaterinburg . Ararat Moscow . On 30 May 2017 , he signed with FC Ararat Moscow and played with the new club in the Russian Professional Football League ( third-level ) . On 17 November 2017 , his Ararat contract was dissolved by mutual consent . Znamya Noginsk . On 31 August 2018 , he joined the fourth-tier Russian Amateur Football League side FC Znamya Noginsk . He announced he will be with the team on part-time basis and play only in home games . He then returned to Ararat for 3 months in 2019 and then back to Znamya , both at amateur fourth-tier . As Znamya was promoted to Russian Professional Football League for the 2020–21 season , he returned to professional-level football at the age of 38 . He was joined at Znamya by former Russian internationals Aleksandr Samedov , Renat Yanbayev and Aleksandr Sheshukov . International career . Pavlyuchenko made his debut for the Russian national team on 20 August 2003 , replacing Dmitriy Sychev at half-time of a 3–1 friendly loss to Israel at Lokomotiv Stadium in Moscow . He did not play again until 3 September 2005 , when he started in a 2–0 home win over Liechtenstein in World Cup qualification . He scored his first goal on his third cap on 8 October , the third in a 5–1 win over Luxembourg in World Cup qualification , four minutes after coming on for Andrey Arshavin . Euro 2008 . Roman Pavlyuchenko was in the spotlight when he scored both goals in Russias 2–1 victory in a crucial Euro 2008 qualification match against England . He was named in Guus Hiddinks 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2008 , and scored in warm-up victories against Serbia and Lithuania . He scored a late consolation goal in Russias loss to Spain in their opening match of the campaign and the first goal in Russias third match of the tournament against Sweden to send Russia through at Swedens expense . He was declared man of the match after the 1–0 game with Greece , although he did not score in the game , and then scored the first goal of the match in Russias 3–1 quarter final victory over the Netherlands . After the tournament ended , he was named in the 23-man Team of the Tournament . Euro 2012 . Pavlyuchenko scored his first international hat-trick on 4 June 2011 in a European qualifier against Armenia in Saint Petersburg . He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012 . In their opening match against the Czech Republic on 8 June in Wroclaw , he came off the bench in the 73rd minute and set up his teammate Alan Dzagoev for Russias third goal . Minutes later he scored Russias fourth goal , and Russia went on to win 4–1 . Retirement . On 24 July 2013 , Pavlyuchenko announced his retirement from international duty . Personal life . Pavlyuchenko is married to Larisa and has a young daughter named Kristina . In Russia , Pavlyuchenko is a local Duma ( city council ) deputy in Stavropol , representing the ruling Vladimir Putin-led United Russia party , although because of my profession it wont be easy for me to take part directly in the workings of the city council – but I am ready to help with advice and with a concrete contribution to the development possibilities for exercise and sport . Honours . Club . Spartak Moscow - Russian Cup : 2002–03 Lokomotiv Moscow - Russian Cup : 2014–15 International . Russia - UEFA European Championship bronze medalist : 2008 Individual . - Russian Premier League top goalscorer : 2006 ( 18 goals in 27 matches ) , 2007 ( 14 goals in 22 matches ) * - UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament : 2008 - Football League Cup top goalscorer : 2008–09 References . - Bibliography - Marc Bennetts , Football Dynamo – Modern Russia and the Peoples Game , Virgin Books , ( 15 May 2008 ) , 0753513196 External links . - Russian Football Premier League player page - Player Profile Tottenham Hotspur - Player profile - Premierleague.com profile - Roman Pavlyuchenko at the Forbes |
[
"Chelsea"
] | easy | Joe Dolan (footballer) played for which team from 1997 to 1998? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#0 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
[
"Millwall"
] | easy | Which team did the player Joe Dolan (footballer) belong to from 1998 to 2004? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#1 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
[
"Crawley Town"
] | easy | Which team did the player Joe Dolan (footballer) belong to from 2004 to 2005? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#2 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
[
"Leyton Orient"
] | easy | Joe Dolan (footballer) played for which team from 2005 to 2006? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#3 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
[
"Basingstoke Town"
] | easy | Joe Dolan (footballer) played for which team from 2006 to 2009? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#4 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
[
"Carshalton Athletic"
] | easy | Which team did the player Joe Dolan (footballer) belong to from 2009 to 2010? | /wiki/Joe_Dolan_(footballer)#P54#5 | Joe Dolan ( footballer ) Joe Dolan ( born 27 May 1980 ) is an English former footballer who last played for Walton Casuals . As a professional footballer , he played in the Football League for Millwall , Stockport County , Brighton and Hove Albion and Leyton Orient . He featured for 18 teams throughout his career , failing to make an appearance for Chelsea . Professional career . After playing for the youth team of non-League Elmstead , Dolan started his career as a trainee at Chelsea , but was unable to feature for the first team after signing a professional contract ahead of the 1997-98 season . On 15 April 1998 , Dolan completed a move to Millwall . The defender was a regular at The Den until breaking his leg , but was unable to reproduce his ability after recovering from the injury . In October 2004 , Dolan joined Crawley Town on a three-month loan deal . Scoring once in 12 appearances for the Red Devils , he also had temporary stays with Stockport County and Brighton & Hove Albion for the remainder of the campaign . He was released at the end of the season . Dolan joined Leyton Orient on 5 July 2005 , but only managed two appearances before his release in January 2006 . During his time with the club , he returned to Stockport County on loan while also featuring for Fisher Athletic . Semi-professional career . Dolan joined Canvey Island in January 2006 , making his first permanent transfer in non-league football . He remained with the club for the 2005–06 season , before joining Basingstoke Town in July 2006 . Spending three years at the Camrose , he left the club to join Isthmian Premier Division side Carshalton Athletic in October 2009 , reuniting with former Basingstoke manager Francis Vines . In February 2010 , Dolan joined Isthmian Division One South side Croydon Athletic , before signing for Cray Wanderers nine months later . However , after just a month with the Wands he joined Kingstonian . In March 2011 , he dual registered with Conference South outfit Lewes , before eventually joining Bromley . Following a short stay with Staines Town , he signed for Havant & Waterlooville in February 2012 . Dolan scored an injury time winner against his former club to save Havant from relegation , but was released at the end of the season . Joining Metropolitan Police for the 2012–13 season , he made the move to Walton Casuals in the final weeks of the season before retiring from non-league football . He later moved to Australia and gained his UEFA A Licence . Coaching career . In April 2013 , following his retirement from playing , Dolan joined Crystal Palace as an Under-12 coach and Head of Education and Welfare . Having gained his UEFA A Licence , he became Director or Football at The Southport School in January 2015 following a move to Australia . International career . Dolan played five teams for the Northern Ireland U18 team , and six times for the Northern Ireland U21 team . On 24 August 1998 , Dolan made his international debut in a 2–1 win over Wales . He also featured against Moldova , Germany on two occasions and Republic of Ireland . On 8 October 1999 , he made his U21 debut in a 2–1 defeat to Finland . He later played against Malta twice , Scotland , Denmark and Iceland . In his international career , Dolan recorded four wins , three draws and four defeats . |
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] | easy | Which team did Javad Nekounam play for from 1998 to 2000? | /wiki/Javad_Nekounam#P54#0 | Javad Nekounam Javad Nekounam ( ; born 7 September 1980 ) is an Iranian retired footballer who played as a central midfielder , and is the current manager of Foolad FC . He spent most of his professional career with Pas and Spains Osasuna , appearing in 197 official games and scoring 31 goals over his two spells with the latter club and also being team captain . He also competed in the United Arab Emirates , Kuwait and Qatar , in 18 seasons as a senior . Nicknamed Neku , and widely regarded as one of Asias greatest footballers , Nekounam represented the Iran national team a record of 151 times , playing several major tournaments including two World Cups and four Asian Cups . Playing career . Club . Early years . Nekounam was born in Rey . Having played for Pas Tehran F.C . for several years , appearing in the AFC Champions League with the team , he signed a five-month contract with Al-Wahda F.C . in the United Arab Emirates for US$1 million , in 2005 . In January 2006 , Nekounam joined Al Sharjah SC , although some European clubs such as 1 . FC Kaiserslautern and Tottenham Hotspur had previously shown interest in him . Osasuna . After his performance at the 2006 World Cup Nekounam was linked to the likes of Hertha BSC of the Bundesliga and Ligue 1s Olympique Lyonnais , but he eventually joined CA Osasuna on a two-year contract , with an option to a third year and a €5 million minimum release-fee clause – he thus became the first Iranian player to be signed by a Spanish club . On 22 February 2007 , he scored in the 120th minute of the match against FC Girondins de Bordeaux in the knockout stages of the UEFA Cup to help to a 1–0 home win and aggregate score , and after a particularly successful first season began to attract interest from other European sides , notably Scotlands Rangers who had a £1 million pound offer rejected . On 14 August 2007 , Nekounam suffered an anterior cruciate ligament rupture in his right knee and , after undergoing a successful surgery in Augsburg , Germany , was sidelined for eight months . His number 24 was given to new signing Jaroslav Plašil , as he recovered from his injury . Nekounam agreed to a three-year extension on 24 November 2007 as his contract that was set to end on 30 June 2008 , with a €5 million buyout clause for the first two seasons and €2.5 million for the last . In February of the following year he made his first training appearance since the injury – incidentally , a week later , Xavier Margairaz suffered a similar injury , missing an estimate period that could amount to one year – and on 27 April he made his return against Valencia CF , coming on as a substitute for Francisco Puñal in the 70th minute of a 0–3 away loss . On 31 August 2008 , Nekounam scored Osasunas first goal of the season , from the penalty spot in a 1–1 home draw against Villarreal CF . In November/December he also netted , but the Navarrese failed to win at Málaga CF ( 2–4 ) and with Real Valladolid ( 3–3 ) , also opening the score in the 3–1 away defeat to Real Madrid on 18 January 2009 . On 22 March 2009 , Nekounam scored a last-minute goal for a 1–0 home victory over RCD Espanyol , and finished the season as the teams second scorer behind Walter Pandiani , scoring eight times in the league ( a career-best in Spain ) . In summer 2009 he received offers from both Espanyol and Villarreal , with the latter in particular being ready to pay the release clause in his contract ; however , the player repeatedly insisted to be happy at the club , waiting until he hears some better deals . Nekounam was again a regular starter for Osasuna in the 2010–11 campaign , but also spent one month at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup with his national team . On 20 February 2011 , in the second game upon his return from Qatar , he scored twice in a 4–0 home defeat of Espanyol , and eventually finished with six goals from 26 appearances in another escape from relegation . On 21 May 2011 , Nekounam renewed his contract with Osasuna for another two seasons , with the option of an annual renewal of his link . In July of the following year , amidst interest from Iranian powerhouse Esteghlal F.C . and unnamed Turkish and Qatari clubs , it was reported that he would only remain with at the El Sadar Stadium if he accepted a salary reduction – he was the highest-paid player . Esteghlal . On 21 July 2012 , aged almost 32 , Nekounam returned to his country and signed a two-year deal with Esteghlal for a record fee of US$1,500,000 , which made him the most expensive player in the Iran Pro League history . He scored his first goal for his new club in a 2–3 loss to Foolad F.C . on 28 November , through a penalty . On 5 May 2013 , against the same opponent , he also found the net , helping his team secure their 28th league title and winning his second national championship . Al-Kuwait . On 14 January 2014 , Nekounam agreed to a four-month contract at Kuwait SC . He scored his first goal for the club on 2 February , netting the only in an AFC Champions League qualifier against Al Shorta SC . Nekounam scored three goals in the 2014 edition of the AFC Cup , and also won the seasons Kuwait Emir Cup . Return to Osasuna . On 4 August 2014 , Nekounam returned to Osasuna by signing a two-year deal . He scored in his first game upon his return , a 1–3 Segunda División loss against Deportivo Alavés on 6 September . On 2 November he added another , helping to a 3–2 home victory over Real Betis . Saipa . Nekounam returned to Iran and its Persian Gulf Pro League on 6 July 2015 , joining Saipa F.C . for one year . He scored his first competitive goal for his new team on 6 August , the second in a 2–0 win at Rah Ahan Yazdan FC . Al-Arabi . On 21 January 2016 , Nekounam moved to Qatari club Al-Arabi SC on a four-month contract with an option to extend for a further year . In his first match , at home against Qatar SC , he assisted countryman Ashkan Dejagah in an eventual 1–1 draw . Nekounam left on 30 June 2016 , and the 35-year-old announced his retirement two weeks later . International . Nekounam received his first call-up to Iran in May 2000 . He became a starter for the national side during the 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifiers and , already a key midfield element , played two of the national teams matches during the 2006 World Cup in Germany , being suspended for the final group game against Angola after his second yellow card against Portugal . Additionally , Nekounam helped Iran win the 2002 Asian Games and the 2004 West Asian Football Federation Championship , and also represented the country in the 2004 , 2007 and 2011 AFC Asian Cups . He was Team Mellis leading goalscorer in its successful 2014 World Cup qualifying campaign and , on 1 June 2014 , he was selected by Carlos Queiroz for the finals in Brazil , where he captained the nation in an eventual group-stage exit . Nekounam also made the 2015 Asian Cup squad , on 30 December 2014 . In March 2015 , he hinted that a friendly against Sweden on the 31st – five days earlier , against Chile , he had become his countrys most capped player after surpassing Ali Daei– might be his last international , but later went back on that statement only to confirm it the following day and subsequently send an emotional open letter to fans ; he scored 39 goals for his country , and shortly after retiring was named Queirozs assistant . Coaching career . Midway through the 2017–18 season , Nekounam became the manager of F.C . Nassaji Mazandaran . His team won 23 points from his nine games in charge , and were promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League after a 24-year absence . Honours . Player . Club . - Iran Pro League : 2003–04 Esteghlal - Iran Pro League : 2012–13 Al-Kuwait - Kuwait Emir Cup : 2013–14 International . Iran - AFC – OFC Challenge Cup : 2003 - West Asian Football Federation Championship : 2004 ; third place 2002 - Asian Cup third place : 2004 Individual . - Iran football award winners : Player of the Year - AFC Champions League Dream Team : 2013 - Asian Footballer of the Year nominee : 2013 |
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