targets
list | level
stringclasses 2
values | question
stringlengths 32
133
| idx
stringlengths 16
91
| context
stringlengths 899
129k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Nuneaton Borough"
] |
easy
|
Marek Szmid played for which team from 2004 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Marek_Szmid#P54#4
|
Marek Szmid Marek Andrezj Szmid ( born 2 March 1982 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Szmid was born in Nuneaton , Warkwickshire . Club career . Manchester United . Szmid signed for Manchester United as a youth trainee in July 1998 . He made his first appearance for United in the friendly against the San Diego Nomads in August . He scored his first goal for the club in the FA Premier Academy League under-17 match against Derby County on 12 September . United won the game 4−0 . On 5 December , Szmid made his first appearance for the reserves ; he replaced Lee Roche in the friendly against a Major League Soccer under-21 side . He featured in the NIVEA Junior Football Tournament in April 1999 and played against the likes of Bayern Munich and VfB Stuttgart as United were runners-up . In July , he played in every game as United participated in the Milk Cup in Northern Ireland . They lost 2−1 to Crewe Alexandra in the final . Szmid played in the Jersey Tournament in August 1999 ; he took part in the win versus Rangers and the defeat against Benfica . On 21 September , he signed his first professional contract with United . He played in the 2−1 defeat against Nottingham Forest in the FA Youth Cup third round at Gigg Lane . Szmid made 20 appearances as United finished third in Group B before falling to West Ham United in FA Premier Academy League under-19 playoffs . Post season he was part of the squad that took part in the International Youth Tournament hosted by Real Sociedad . He started all three group games against Sevilla , Osasuna , and Real Sociedad , but United failed to qualify for the final . In August 2000 , Szmid played in the Bayern Munich Centenary Youth Tournament ; he featured in four games and scored in the 2−2 draw with IFK Göteborg . He scored for the reserves in the friendly against Bristol City in September . The game , a testimonial for Citys Buster Footman , finished 4−0 at Ashton Gate . He featured throughout Uniteds run to the Manchester Senior Cup final but was an unused substitute in the final defeat to Manchester City at Old Trafford in May 2001 . He was released by United on 30 June . Szmid spent just over three years at United but failed to make a senior appearance . Southend United . Szmid signed for Third Division club Southend United in November 2001 . His first involvement with the first team was as an unused substitute in the defeat at Shrewsbury Town on 24 November . On 23 February 2002 , he made his debut when he replaced Brian Barry-Murphy in the 80th minute of the 5−1 defeat against Hartlepool United . Szmid was involved in several other matchday squads before the end of the season , but he only made one more appearance for United when he started the defeat against Leyton Orient in March . This was his final appearance for Southend and he left the club in the summer . Later career . Szmid later played non-league football with Sutton Coldfield Town and Marine . In the same season he moved to play for Nuneaton Griff . In 2004 , he played for Nuneaton Borough . The next season saw him playing for Vauxhall Motors . That season saw him suffering a bad injury which caused him to retire from playing football . After retiring , he attended Liverpool John Moores University where he graduated with a B.A . in Sports Development in 2007 . Whilst studying he suffered a severe injury which caused his playing career to stop . The following year he attended the University of Chester where he took part in the GTP ( Graduate Teacher Programme ) . He started teaching Physical Education at Ashton-on-Mersey School in Trafford in 2008 . In September 2010 he started work as the Assistant Head of Education and Welfare at Manchester United F.C . International career . ESFA U15 . Szmid represented English Schools Football Association ( ESFA ) under-15s and the team reached 3rd place of the mini World Cup at the Montaigu Tournament in France . He was in the last ESFA under-15 team when they beat Germany 1–0 at the Olympic Stadium in Berlin , before The Football Association took over the running of Schools Football . England U16 . Szmid represented England at 1999 UEFA European Under-16 Championship in the Czech Republic . He featured in the quarter final defeat against the Czech Republic on 2 May 1999 ; he played 61 minutes before being replaced by Jay Bothroyd as England lost 1−0 after extra time . England futsal . Szmid was called up to the England national futsal team for the Four Nations tournament in March 2005 . On 9 March , he made his debut against France and scored a penalty in the 5−2 defeat in Villeneuve-dAscq , France . Two days later , he played in the loss against Finland as England finished last place in the tournament . External links . - Marek Szmid at SouthendUnited.co.uk
|
[
"Vauxhall Motors"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Marek Szmid belong to from 2005 to 2006?
|
/wiki/Marek_Szmid#P54#5
|
Marek Szmid Marek Andrezj Szmid ( born 2 March 1982 ) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder . Early life . Szmid was born in Nuneaton , Warkwickshire . Club career . Manchester United . Szmid signed for Manchester United as a youth trainee in July 1998 . He made his first appearance for United in the friendly against the San Diego Nomads in August . He scored his first goal for the club in the FA Premier Academy League under-17 match against Derby County on 12 September . United won the game 4−0 . On 5 December , Szmid made his first appearance for the reserves ; he replaced Lee Roche in the friendly against a Major League Soccer under-21 side . He featured in the NIVEA Junior Football Tournament in April 1999 and played against the likes of Bayern Munich and VfB Stuttgart as United were runners-up . In July , he played in every game as United participated in the Milk Cup in Northern Ireland . They lost 2−1 to Crewe Alexandra in the final . Szmid played in the Jersey Tournament in August 1999 ; he took part in the win versus Rangers and the defeat against Benfica . On 21 September , he signed his first professional contract with United . He played in the 2−1 defeat against Nottingham Forest in the FA Youth Cup third round at Gigg Lane . Szmid made 20 appearances as United finished third in Group B before falling to West Ham United in FA Premier Academy League under-19 playoffs . Post season he was part of the squad that took part in the International Youth Tournament hosted by Real Sociedad . He started all three group games against Sevilla , Osasuna , and Real Sociedad , but United failed to qualify for the final . In August 2000 , Szmid played in the Bayern Munich Centenary Youth Tournament ; he featured in four games and scored in the 2−2 draw with IFK Göteborg . He scored for the reserves in the friendly against Bristol City in September . The game , a testimonial for Citys Buster Footman , finished 4−0 at Ashton Gate . He featured throughout Uniteds run to the Manchester Senior Cup final but was an unused substitute in the final defeat to Manchester City at Old Trafford in May 2001 . He was released by United on 30 June . Szmid spent just over three years at United but failed to make a senior appearance . Southend United . Szmid signed for Third Division club Southend United in November 2001 . His first involvement with the first team was as an unused substitute in the defeat at Shrewsbury Town on 24 November . On 23 February 2002 , he made his debut when he replaced Brian Barry-Murphy in the 80th minute of the 5−1 defeat against Hartlepool United . Szmid was involved in several other matchday squads before the end of the season , but he only made one more appearance for United when he started the defeat against Leyton Orient in March . This was his final appearance for Southend and he left the club in the summer . Later career . Szmid later played non-league football with Sutton Coldfield Town and Marine . In the same season he moved to play for Nuneaton Griff . In 2004 , he played for Nuneaton Borough . The next season saw him playing for Vauxhall Motors . That season saw him suffering a bad injury which caused him to retire from playing football . After retiring , he attended Liverpool John Moores University where he graduated with a B.A . in Sports Development in 2007 . Whilst studying he suffered a severe injury which caused his playing career to stop . The following year he attended the University of Chester where he took part in the GTP ( Graduate Teacher Programme ) . He started teaching Physical Education at Ashton-on-Mersey School in Trafford in 2008 . In September 2010 he started work as the Assistant Head of Education and Welfare at Manchester United F.C . International career . ESFA U15 . Szmid represented English Schools Football Association ( ESFA ) under-15s and the team reached 3rd place of the mini World Cup at the Montaigu Tournament in France . He was in the last ESFA under-15 team when they beat Germany 1–0 at the Olympic Stadium in Berlin , before The Football Association took over the running of Schools Football . England U16 . Szmid represented England at 1999 UEFA European Under-16 Championship in the Czech Republic . He featured in the quarter final defeat against the Czech Republic on 2 May 1999 ; he played 61 minutes before being replaced by Jay Bothroyd as England lost 1−0 after extra time . England futsal . Szmid was called up to the England national futsal team for the Four Nations tournament in March 2005 . On 9 March , he made his debut against France and scored a penalty in the 5−2 defeat in Villeneuve-dAscq , France . Two days later , he played in the loss against Finland as England finished last place in the tournament . External links . - Marek Szmid at SouthendUnited.co.uk
|
[
"Minister of Justice"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Trygve Lie hold from Mar 1935 to Jul 1939?
|
/wiki/Trygve_Lie#P39#0
|
Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968 ) was a Norwegian politician , labour leader , government official and author . He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945 . From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations . Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic , determined politician . Early life . Lie was born in Kristiania ( now Oslo ) on 16 July 1896 . His father , carpenter Martin Lie , left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902 , and was never heard from again . Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time . His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo . Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the partys national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919 . Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20de Aarhundre ( The 20th Century ) from 1919 to 1921 . From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers National Trade Union ( named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957 ) . He chaired the Norwegian Workers Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935 . Political career . In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937 . He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935 . Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade ( July to October 1939 ) and Minister of Supplies ( October 1939 to 1941 ) . A socialist from an early age , Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However , because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country . When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940 , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports . In 1941 , Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile , and he remained in this position until 1946 . United Nations career . Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 . On 1 February 1946 , he was elected as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers , having missed being elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin . As Secretary-General , Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia . His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials . He sent 50 members of the United Nations guard force from Lake Success to assist the Mediator in supervising the Truce in the former British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and the UNTSO , the first peacekeeping operation was established by the United Nations . He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN . He was opposed to Spains entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Francos government . He also sought to have the Peoples Republic of China recognized by the United Nations after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the Peoples Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full . He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War . His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat . He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness . On 1 November 1950 , over objections by the Soviet Union , the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 ( and 8 abstentions ) to extend Lies term of office . The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War , while the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and , having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring disloyal Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952 . The UN came under US official scrutiny after the conviction of Alger Hiss , who had served as acting Secretary General at the first convening of the UN in San Francisco ( in 1945 ) . A State Department report dated 17 January 1951 , states : Subject : McCarran Act—Possible Conflict with Headquarters AgreementIn conversation with Abe Feller in New York recently he expressed the view that the regulations which have been issued under the McCarran Act make it fairly clear to him that there is likely to be some conflict between that Act and the way in which it is being interpreted and the Headquarters Agreement . He expressed the view that in the event of such conflict the UN secretariat would be forced to resort to the arbitration procedure under the Agreement . He stated he thought this would be very unfortunate and wondered whether any consideration was being given to a general amendment to the McCarran Act which would waive its provisions so far as it conflicted with international obligations or international agreements . I told him I did not know whether any amendments were under consideration but that I would bring his view to your attention . Abraham Feller , General Counsel and Principal Director , Legal Department , United Nations Secretariat , was reportedly a close friend of Alger Hiss . On 14 November 1952 , just days after Lies resignation from the UN , Feller committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment in New York City . After the United Nations . Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN . He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy , Minister of Industry , and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books , including In the Cause of Peace , an account of his years at the UN . Personal life and death . Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen ( 1898–1960 ) in 1921 . The couple had three daughters ; Sissel , Guri , and Mette . Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway . He was 72 years old . Awards . Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders . Among these , the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ) , the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav ( 1953 ) , Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ) . He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S . and Europe . Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders , decorations and other honors . Legacy . Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretaries-general ; one who presided over a long list of diplomatic failures , tarnished the UN , and accomplished very little . On the other hand , it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing , including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building in New York , after having started in a sort of gypsy camp on Long Island . In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-World War II conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain . Trygve Lie′s Square is located in Furuset center in Oslo . In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie , which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994 . Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City . Selected works . - Den nye arbeidstvistlov , 1933 - De forente nasjoner , 1949 - Syv år for freden , 1954 ( published in English as In the Cause of Peace : Seven Years With the United Nations ) - Internasjonal politikk , 1955 - Leve eller dø . Norge i krig , 1955 - Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42 , 1956 - Hjemover , 1958 - Oslo–Moskva–London , 1968 Source : Sources . - Gaglione , Anthony ( 2001 ) The United Nations under Trygve Lie , 1945-1953 ( The Scarecrow Press , Inc. ) - Barros , James ( 1989 ) Trygve Lie and the Cold War : The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace , 1946-1953 ( Northern Illinois Univ Press ) External links . - Trygve Lie papers at the United Nations Archives - About Trygve Lie ( Trygve Lie Gallery ) - Trygve Lie Gallery in New York City - Trygve Lie Plaza in New York City - Trygve Lie Symposium
|
[
"Minister of Trade",
"Minister of Supplies"
] |
easy
|
Trygve Lie took which position from Jul 1939 to Oct 1939?
|
/wiki/Trygve_Lie#P39#1
|
Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968 ) was a Norwegian politician , labour leader , government official and author . He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945 . From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations . Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic , determined politician . Early life . Lie was born in Kristiania ( now Oslo ) on 16 July 1896 . His father , carpenter Martin Lie , left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902 , and was never heard from again . Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time . His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo . Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the partys national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919 . Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20de Aarhundre ( The 20th Century ) from 1919 to 1921 . From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers National Trade Union ( named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957 ) . He chaired the Norwegian Workers Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935 . Political career . In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937 . He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935 . Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade ( July to October 1939 ) and Minister of Supplies ( October 1939 to 1941 ) . A socialist from an early age , Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However , because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country . When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940 , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports . In 1941 , Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile , and he remained in this position until 1946 . United Nations career . Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 . On 1 February 1946 , he was elected as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers , having missed being elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin . As Secretary-General , Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia . His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials . He sent 50 members of the United Nations guard force from Lake Success to assist the Mediator in supervising the Truce in the former British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and the UNTSO , the first peacekeeping operation was established by the United Nations . He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN . He was opposed to Spains entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Francos government . He also sought to have the Peoples Republic of China recognized by the United Nations after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the Peoples Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full . He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War . His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat . He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness . On 1 November 1950 , over objections by the Soviet Union , the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 ( and 8 abstentions ) to extend Lies term of office . The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War , while the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and , having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring disloyal Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952 . The UN came under US official scrutiny after the conviction of Alger Hiss , who had served as acting Secretary General at the first convening of the UN in San Francisco ( in 1945 ) . A State Department report dated 17 January 1951 , states : Subject : McCarran Act—Possible Conflict with Headquarters AgreementIn conversation with Abe Feller in New York recently he expressed the view that the regulations which have been issued under the McCarran Act make it fairly clear to him that there is likely to be some conflict between that Act and the way in which it is being interpreted and the Headquarters Agreement . He expressed the view that in the event of such conflict the UN secretariat would be forced to resort to the arbitration procedure under the Agreement . He stated he thought this would be very unfortunate and wondered whether any consideration was being given to a general amendment to the McCarran Act which would waive its provisions so far as it conflicted with international obligations or international agreements . I told him I did not know whether any amendments were under consideration but that I would bring his view to your attention . Abraham Feller , General Counsel and Principal Director , Legal Department , United Nations Secretariat , was reportedly a close friend of Alger Hiss . On 14 November 1952 , just days after Lies resignation from the UN , Feller committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment in New York City . After the United Nations . Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN . He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy , Minister of Industry , and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books , including In the Cause of Peace , an account of his years at the UN . Personal life and death . Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen ( 1898–1960 ) in 1921 . The couple had three daughters ; Sissel , Guri , and Mette . Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway . He was 72 years old . Awards . Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders . Among these , the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ) , the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav ( 1953 ) , Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ) . He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S . and Europe . Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders , decorations and other honors . Legacy . Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretaries-general ; one who presided over a long list of diplomatic failures , tarnished the UN , and accomplished very little . On the other hand , it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing , including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building in New York , after having started in a sort of gypsy camp on Long Island . In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-World War II conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain . Trygve Lie′s Square is located in Furuset center in Oslo . In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie , which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994 . Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City . Selected works . - Den nye arbeidstvistlov , 1933 - De forente nasjoner , 1949 - Syv år for freden , 1954 ( published in English as In the Cause of Peace : Seven Years With the United Nations ) - Internasjonal politikk , 1955 - Leve eller dø . Norge i krig , 1955 - Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42 , 1956 - Hjemover , 1958 - Oslo–Moskva–London , 1968 Source : Sources . - Gaglione , Anthony ( 2001 ) The United Nations under Trygve Lie , 1945-1953 ( The Scarecrow Press , Inc. ) - Barros , James ( 1989 ) Trygve Lie and the Cold War : The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace , 1946-1953 ( Northern Illinois Univ Press ) External links . - Trygve Lie papers at the United Nations Archives - About Trygve Lie ( Trygve Lie Gallery ) - Trygve Lie Gallery in New York City - Trygve Lie Plaza in New York City - Trygve Lie Symposium
|
[
"Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile"
] |
easy
|
Trygve Lie took which position from Nov 1940 to 1945?
|
/wiki/Trygve_Lie#P39#2
|
Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968 ) was a Norwegian politician , labour leader , government official and author . He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945 . From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations . Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic , determined politician . Early life . Lie was born in Kristiania ( now Oslo ) on 16 July 1896 . His father , carpenter Martin Lie , left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902 , and was never heard from again . Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time . His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo . Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the partys national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919 . Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20de Aarhundre ( The 20th Century ) from 1919 to 1921 . From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers National Trade Union ( named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957 ) . He chaired the Norwegian Workers Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935 . Political career . In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937 . He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935 . Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade ( July to October 1939 ) and Minister of Supplies ( October 1939 to 1941 ) . A socialist from an early age , Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However , because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country . When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940 , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports . In 1941 , Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile , and he remained in this position until 1946 . United Nations career . Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 . On 1 February 1946 , he was elected as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers , having missed being elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin . As Secretary-General , Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia . His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials . He sent 50 members of the United Nations guard force from Lake Success to assist the Mediator in supervising the Truce in the former British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and the UNTSO , the first peacekeeping operation was established by the United Nations . He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN . He was opposed to Spains entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Francos government . He also sought to have the Peoples Republic of China recognized by the United Nations after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the Peoples Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full . He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War . His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat . He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness . On 1 November 1950 , over objections by the Soviet Union , the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 ( and 8 abstentions ) to extend Lies term of office . The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War , while the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and , having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring disloyal Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952 . The UN came under US official scrutiny after the conviction of Alger Hiss , who had served as acting Secretary General at the first convening of the UN in San Francisco ( in 1945 ) . A State Department report dated 17 January 1951 , states : Subject : McCarran Act—Possible Conflict with Headquarters AgreementIn conversation with Abe Feller in New York recently he expressed the view that the regulations which have been issued under the McCarran Act make it fairly clear to him that there is likely to be some conflict between that Act and the way in which it is being interpreted and the Headquarters Agreement . He expressed the view that in the event of such conflict the UN secretariat would be forced to resort to the arbitration procedure under the Agreement . He stated he thought this would be very unfortunate and wondered whether any consideration was being given to a general amendment to the McCarran Act which would waive its provisions so far as it conflicted with international obligations or international agreements . I told him I did not know whether any amendments were under consideration but that I would bring his view to your attention . Abraham Feller , General Counsel and Principal Director , Legal Department , United Nations Secretariat , was reportedly a close friend of Alger Hiss . On 14 November 1952 , just days after Lies resignation from the UN , Feller committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment in New York City . After the United Nations . Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN . He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy , Minister of Industry , and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books , including In the Cause of Peace , an account of his years at the UN . Personal life and death . Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen ( 1898–1960 ) in 1921 . The couple had three daughters ; Sissel , Guri , and Mette . Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway . He was 72 years old . Awards . Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders . Among these , the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ) , the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav ( 1953 ) , Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ) . He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S . and Europe . Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders , decorations and other honors . Legacy . Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretaries-general ; one who presided over a long list of diplomatic failures , tarnished the UN , and accomplished very little . On the other hand , it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing , including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building in New York , after having started in a sort of gypsy camp on Long Island . In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-World War II conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain . Trygve Lie′s Square is located in Furuset center in Oslo . In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie , which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994 . Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City . Selected works . - Den nye arbeidstvistlov , 1933 - De forente nasjoner , 1949 - Syv år for freden , 1954 ( published in English as In the Cause of Peace : Seven Years With the United Nations ) - Internasjonal politikk , 1955 - Leve eller dø . Norge i krig , 1955 - Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42 , 1956 - Hjemover , 1958 - Oslo–Moskva–London , 1968 Source : Sources . - Gaglione , Anthony ( 2001 ) The United Nations under Trygve Lie , 1945-1953 ( The Scarecrow Press , Inc. ) - Barros , James ( 1989 ) Trygve Lie and the Cold War : The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace , 1946-1953 ( Northern Illinois Univ Press ) External links . - Trygve Lie papers at the United Nations Archives - About Trygve Lie ( Trygve Lie Gallery ) - Trygve Lie Gallery in New York City - Trygve Lie Plaza in New York City - Trygve Lie Symposium
|
[
"leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly"
] |
easy
|
What position did Trygve Lie take from 1945 to Feb 1946?
|
/wiki/Trygve_Lie#P39#3
|
Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968 ) was a Norwegian politician , labour leader , government official and author . He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945 . From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations . Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic , determined politician . Early life . Lie was born in Kristiania ( now Oslo ) on 16 July 1896 . His father , carpenter Martin Lie , left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902 , and was never heard from again . Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time . His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo . Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the partys national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919 . Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20de Aarhundre ( The 20th Century ) from 1919 to 1921 . From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers National Trade Union ( named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957 ) . He chaired the Norwegian Workers Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935 . Political career . In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937 . He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935 . Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade ( July to October 1939 ) and Minister of Supplies ( October 1939 to 1941 ) . A socialist from an early age , Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However , because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country . When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940 , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports . In 1941 , Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile , and he remained in this position until 1946 . United Nations career . Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 . On 1 February 1946 , he was elected as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers , having missed being elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin . As Secretary-General , Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia . His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials . He sent 50 members of the United Nations guard force from Lake Success to assist the Mediator in supervising the Truce in the former British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and the UNTSO , the first peacekeeping operation was established by the United Nations . He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN . He was opposed to Spains entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Francos government . He also sought to have the Peoples Republic of China recognized by the United Nations after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the Peoples Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full . He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War . His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat . He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness . On 1 November 1950 , over objections by the Soviet Union , the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 ( and 8 abstentions ) to extend Lies term of office . The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War , while the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and , having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring disloyal Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952 . The UN came under US official scrutiny after the conviction of Alger Hiss , who had served as acting Secretary General at the first convening of the UN in San Francisco ( in 1945 ) . A State Department report dated 17 January 1951 , states : Subject : McCarran Act—Possible Conflict with Headquarters AgreementIn conversation with Abe Feller in New York recently he expressed the view that the regulations which have been issued under the McCarran Act make it fairly clear to him that there is likely to be some conflict between that Act and the way in which it is being interpreted and the Headquarters Agreement . He expressed the view that in the event of such conflict the UN secretariat would be forced to resort to the arbitration procedure under the Agreement . He stated he thought this would be very unfortunate and wondered whether any consideration was being given to a general amendment to the McCarran Act which would waive its provisions so far as it conflicted with international obligations or international agreements . I told him I did not know whether any amendments were under consideration but that I would bring his view to your attention . Abraham Feller , General Counsel and Principal Director , Legal Department , United Nations Secretariat , was reportedly a close friend of Alger Hiss . On 14 November 1952 , just days after Lies resignation from the UN , Feller committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment in New York City . After the United Nations . Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN . He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy , Minister of Industry , and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books , including In the Cause of Peace , an account of his years at the UN . Personal life and death . Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen ( 1898–1960 ) in 1921 . The couple had three daughters ; Sissel , Guri , and Mette . Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway . He was 72 years old . Awards . Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders . Among these , the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ) , the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav ( 1953 ) , Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ) . He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S . and Europe . Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders , decorations and other honors . Legacy . Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretaries-general ; one who presided over a long list of diplomatic failures , tarnished the UN , and accomplished very little . On the other hand , it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing , including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building in New York , after having started in a sort of gypsy camp on Long Island . In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-World War II conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain . Trygve Lie′s Square is located in Furuset center in Oslo . In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie , which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994 . Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City . Selected works . - Den nye arbeidstvistlov , 1933 - De forente nasjoner , 1949 - Syv år for freden , 1954 ( published in English as In the Cause of Peace : Seven Years With the United Nations ) - Internasjonal politikk , 1955 - Leve eller dø . Norge i krig , 1955 - Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42 , 1956 - Hjemover , 1958 - Oslo–Moskva–London , 1968 Source : Sources . - Gaglione , Anthony ( 2001 ) The United Nations under Trygve Lie , 1945-1953 ( The Scarecrow Press , Inc. ) - Barros , James ( 1989 ) Trygve Lie and the Cold War : The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace , 1946-1953 ( Northern Illinois Univ Press ) External links . - Trygve Lie papers at the United Nations Archives - About Trygve Lie ( Trygve Lie Gallery ) - Trygve Lie Gallery in New York City - Trygve Lie Plaza in New York City - Trygve Lie Symposium
|
[
"the first Secretary-General of the United Nations"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Trygve Lie hold from Feb 1946 to 1949?
|
/wiki/Trygve_Lie#P39#4
|
Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968 ) was a Norwegian politician , labour leader , government official and author . He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945 . From 1946 to 1952 he was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations . Lie earned a reputation as a pragmatic , determined politician . Early life . Lie was born in Kristiania ( now Oslo ) on 16 July 1896 . His father , carpenter Martin Lie , left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902 , and was never heard from again . Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time . His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo . Lie joined the Labour Party in 1911 and was named as the partys national secretary soon after receiving his law degree from the University of Oslo in 1919 . Lie was editor-in-chief for Det 20de Aarhundre ( The 20th Century ) from 1919 to 1921 . From 1922 to 1935 he was a legal consultant for the Workers National Trade Union ( named Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions from 1957 ) . He chaired the Norwegian Workers Confederation of Sports from 1931 to 1935 . Political career . In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931 . He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937 . He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935 . Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade ( July to October 1939 ) and Minister of Supplies ( October 1939 to 1941 ) . A socialist from an early age , Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union . However , because of pressure from Joseph Stalin , he forced Trotsky to leave the country . When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940 , Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports . In 1941 , Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile , and he remained in this position until 1946 . United Nations career . Lie led the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations conference in San Francisco in 1945 and was a leader in drafting the provisions of the United Nations Security Council . He was the leader of the Norwegian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 . On 1 February 1946 , he was elected as the first Secretary-General of the United Nations as a result of a compromise between the major powers , having missed being elected President of the first General Assembly by only a small margin . As Secretary-General , Lie supported the foundations of Israel and Indonesia . His passionate support for Israel included passing secret military and diplomatic information to Israeli officials . He sent 50 members of the United Nations guard force from Lake Success to assist the Mediator in supervising the Truce in the former British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 and the UNTSO , the first peacekeeping operation was established by the United Nations . He worked for the withdrawal of Soviet forces in Iran and a ceasefire to fighting in Kashmir . He attracted the ire of the Soviet Union when he helped gather support for the defence of South Korea after it was invaded in 1950 and later worked to end the Soviet boycott of UN meetings , though his involvement had little to do with the eventual return of the Soviet Union to the UN . He was opposed to Spains entry into the United Nations because of his opposition to Francisco Francos government . He also sought to have the Peoples Republic of China recognized by the United Nations after the Nationalist government was exiled to Taiwan , arguing that the Peoples Republic was the only government that could fulfill the membership obligations in full . He has been criticized for his failures to facilitate negotiation in the Berlin Blockade , as well as his failure to bring about a swifter end to the Korean War . His critics argue that he was under the influence of a select few in the UN Secretariat . He has also been criticized for his arrogance and stubbornness . On 1 November 1950 , over objections by the Soviet Union , the UN General Assembly voted by 46 votes to 5 ( and 8 abstentions ) to extend Lies term of office . The vote was a consequence of an impasse in the Security Council in which the Soviet Union refused to consider Lie due to his involvement in the Korean War , while the US refused to accept any candidate except Lie . The Soviet Union subsequently refused to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and , having been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring disloyal Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952 . The UN came under US official scrutiny after the conviction of Alger Hiss , who had served as acting Secretary General at the first convening of the UN in San Francisco ( in 1945 ) . A State Department report dated 17 January 1951 , states : Subject : McCarran Act—Possible Conflict with Headquarters AgreementIn conversation with Abe Feller in New York recently he expressed the view that the regulations which have been issued under the McCarran Act make it fairly clear to him that there is likely to be some conflict between that Act and the way in which it is being interpreted and the Headquarters Agreement . He expressed the view that in the event of such conflict the UN secretariat would be forced to resort to the arbitration procedure under the Agreement . He stated he thought this would be very unfortunate and wondered whether any consideration was being given to a general amendment to the McCarran Act which would waive its provisions so far as it conflicted with international obligations or international agreements . I told him I did not know whether any amendments were under consideration but that I would bring his view to your attention . Abraham Feller , General Counsel and Principal Director , Legal Department , United Nations Secretariat , was reportedly a close friend of Alger Hiss . On 14 November 1952 , just days after Lies resignation from the UN , Feller committed suicide by jumping out of the window of his apartment in New York City . After the United Nations . Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN . He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus , Chairman of the Board of Energy , Minister of Industry , and Minister of Trade and Shipping . He wrote a number of books , including In the Cause of Peace , an account of his years at the UN . Personal life and death . Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen ( 1898–1960 ) in 1921 . The couple had three daughters ; Sissel , Guri , and Mette . Lie died on 30 December 1968 of a heart attack in Geilo , Norway . He was 72 years old . Awards . Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders . Among these , the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ( Medaljen for borgerdåd ) ( 1966 ) , the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog ( 1954 ) and Grand Cross of the Order of St . Olav ( 1953 ) , Czechoslovak OWL ( 1948 ) . He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S . and Europe . Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders , decorations and other honors . Legacy . Some scholars rank him at the bottom of all UN secretaries-general ; one who presided over a long list of diplomatic failures , tarnished the UN , and accomplished very little . On the other hand , it can be argued that Trygve Lie built the United Nations organisation from nothing , including establishing a physical presence in a huge office building in New York , after having started in a sort of gypsy camp on Long Island . In addition to this he had to deal with a number of post-World War II conflicts and conflicts with roots in the creation of the Iron Curtain . Trygve Lie′s Square is located in Furuset center in Oslo . In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie , which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994 . Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City . Selected works . - Den nye arbeidstvistlov , 1933 - De forente nasjoner , 1949 - Syv år for freden , 1954 ( published in English as In the Cause of Peace : Seven Years With the United Nations ) - Internasjonal politikk , 1955 - Leve eller dø . Norge i krig , 1955 - Med England i ildlinjen 1940–42 , 1956 - Hjemover , 1958 - Oslo–Moskva–London , 1968 Source : Sources . - Gaglione , Anthony ( 2001 ) The United Nations under Trygve Lie , 1945-1953 ( The Scarecrow Press , Inc. ) - Barros , James ( 1989 ) Trygve Lie and the Cold War : The UN Secretary-General Pursues Peace , 1946-1953 ( Northern Illinois Univ Press ) External links . - Trygve Lie papers at the United Nations Archives - About Trygve Lie ( Trygve Lie Gallery ) - Trygve Lie Gallery in New York City - Trygve Lie Plaza in New York City - Trygve Lie Symposium
|
[
"Kingston Fortifications",
"Murney Tower"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Murney Tower from May 1930 to Mar 1992?
|
/wiki/Murney_Tower#P1435#0
|
Murney Tower Murney Tower is a Martello tower in Kingston , Ontario , Canada , whose construction dates to January 1846 . The Tower was built in response to the Oregon Crisis , which was a tense dispute over the border between British North America and the United States in the 1840s . The tower is one of five components of Kingstons fortifications that defended Kingston Harbour , the Naval Dockyard , military supply depot and the southern entrance of the Rideau Canal . Murney Tower complements the fortifications of Fort Henry , Ontario , Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island , Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin and Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada . In addition to protecting the harbour and approaches to Kingston , these fortifications were designed to concentrate fire on Gardiners Island ; it being the only place to effectively land artillery at the time . History . Background . When the tower was first constructed they planned to call it Murray Tower after the Master General of Ordnance . The land however , was owned by the Murney family and was called Murney Point by the locals . They thus began calling the tower , Murney Tower . This name stuck . The original inscription stone above the door read ‘Murray Tower.’ An ‘N’ was affixed over the first ‘R’ so that the current sign reads ‘MURNAY TOWER’ , a hybrid spelling of the two versions . Construction began on the tower on February 7 , 1846 . On June 15 of the same year the Oregon treaty was resolved , reducing tensions with the Americans . On June 19th , the walls were built to their full height . Construction of the tower was finished on November 10 , 1846 . Life in the tower . The tower was occupied from 1848 until 1885 . The main floor ( ground level ) was the barracks level where the soldiers and their families lived , ate , and slept . It was manned by the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment until 1870 , then by Battery A until 1880 , and Battery B until 1884 . After 1885 it was watched by the Princess of Wales Own Regiment . It could house a maximum of 24 soldiers and one officer or multiple soldiers and their families . A birth was recorded in the tower in 1882 . Sergeant Thomas Pugh and his wife Martha Mary lived in the tower with their seven children : William , Thomas , James , Murney May , Lillian , Bertha , and Sydney . Murney May Pugh was born in May while her family was living in the Tower . She eventually left Kingston to become a nurse and served overseas in the First World War . The Pugh family have had a significant impact on Kingston and Canadas history , serving over 470 years in the military . Architecture and defenses . The tower stands surrounded by a dry-ditch and is accessible only by a bridge . When the tower was originally built , there was no bridge to cross the dry-ditch . It is likely that soldiers would have accessed the tower through two ladders placed in the ditch . Murney Tower was constructed with locally quarried limestone with special brickwork on the barracks and basement levels of the towers interior . On the thickest side the walls are about 15 ft . thick at the base and 13 ft . thick up top . On the weaker side the walls are about 8 ft . thick . The walls are thicker on the south side because a naval attack from the Americans was the most likely form of attack and thus is what the tower is prepared for . Cannonballs from enemy ships should have theoretically bounced right off the walls . Currently , the barracks has two internal carronade cannons that would have fired 32-lb cannonballs directed out shuttered windows . These carronades had a range of 400 metres and would have been used for anti-personnel warfare in case of a land attack . These cannons could be moved about the interior embrasures , and so cover multiple approaches , including the bridge . The lower floor contained the ventilated gunpowder and artillery magazines and storage rooms , along with 4 capponieres , which acted as a defense system for the dry-ditch surrounding the Tower , allowing soldiers to fire through small loopholes at troops attacking the Towers base . Caponiers were unique to the Kingston Martello Towers , due to controversy surrounding them . The walls are much thinner in the caponiere than in the rest of the tower and are thus more vulnerable to attack . However , they also provided troops with the opportunity to protect the dry ditch through rifle loops , with strategic additional doors and rifle holes meant to keep out any enemy who successfully breached the caponier . The uppermost level is the artillery or gun platform , which supports a Blomefield cannon ( which also fired 32-lb cannonballs ) that could be rotated along an iron track , thus , providing full coverage around the Towers entire circumference . The Blomefield cannon was redesigned by Thomas Blomefield , Inspector of Artillery and Superintendent of the Royal Brass Foundry in 1780 . Blomefield redesigned the Armstrong cannon that had been previously used by the British forces , replacing it with a cannon that was simpler in design , lighter , and had more effective recoil restraint . The cannon weighs 6429 lbs , with a range of 2000 metres . Roofs are not original Mediterranean design of Martello towers , but a temporary snow roof was later added to the open gun platform two years after the towers construction protects the gun and keeps out the large amounts of snow . The addition of a roof is a common feature on Canadian Martellos . The original roof was installed in 1849 . In 1921 a windstorm removed the original wooden and tin roof . Parts of the roof date to the reconstruction that followed in 1925 , but the majority of the present roof dates from the 1970s and is not removable for safety reasons . Despite being one of the most sophisticated Martello towers designed and built by the British , Murney Tower quickly became obsolete due to improvements made in military weaponry and ship design . Present day . In 1925 , the museum was opened as a museum for the public by the Kingston Historical Society . It continues to be operated by the Kingston Historical Society as the Murney Tower Museum through the summer months ( May - Labour Day in September ) . Displays include three cannons ( 32-pounder ) , period uniforms , muskets , and other mid-19th century military artifacts . Although 14 Martello towers were built in Canada , only 9 are still standing , 4 of them in Kingston . Currently , only Murney Tower Museum is open to the public . Fort Henry has two towers that resemble Martello towers , however , they are branch ditch towers . Designations . In 1930 Murney Tower was designated a national historic site due to its sophisticated design . In 1989 the Kingston Fortifications were designated a National Historic Site of Canada . In 2007 , the Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications ( including Murney Tower ) were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It was recognized as having played an important role in the defense of British North America and in enabling Canada to develop its own political and cultural identity External links . - Murney Tower - Kingston Historical Society
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Murney Tower from Mar 1992 to 2007?
|
/wiki/Murney_Tower#P1435#1
|
Murney Tower Murney Tower is a Martello tower in Kingston , Ontario , Canada , whose construction dates to January 1846 . The Tower was built in response to the Oregon Crisis , which was a tense dispute over the border between British North America and the United States in the 1840s . The tower is one of five components of Kingstons fortifications that defended Kingston Harbour , the Naval Dockyard , military supply depot and the southern entrance of the Rideau Canal . Murney Tower complements the fortifications of Fort Henry , Ontario , Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island , Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin and Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada . In addition to protecting the harbour and approaches to Kingston , these fortifications were designed to concentrate fire on Gardiners Island ; it being the only place to effectively land artillery at the time . History . Background . When the tower was first constructed they planned to call it Murray Tower after the Master General of Ordnance . The land however , was owned by the Murney family and was called Murney Point by the locals . They thus began calling the tower , Murney Tower . This name stuck . The original inscription stone above the door read ‘Murray Tower.’ An ‘N’ was affixed over the first ‘R’ so that the current sign reads ‘MURNAY TOWER’ , a hybrid spelling of the two versions . Construction began on the tower on February 7 , 1846 . On June 15 of the same year the Oregon treaty was resolved , reducing tensions with the Americans . On June 19th , the walls were built to their full height . Construction of the tower was finished on November 10 , 1846 . Life in the tower . The tower was occupied from 1848 until 1885 . The main floor ( ground level ) was the barracks level where the soldiers and their families lived , ate , and slept . It was manned by the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment until 1870 , then by Battery A until 1880 , and Battery B until 1884 . After 1885 it was watched by the Princess of Wales Own Regiment . It could house a maximum of 24 soldiers and one officer or multiple soldiers and their families . A birth was recorded in the tower in 1882 . Sergeant Thomas Pugh and his wife Martha Mary lived in the tower with their seven children : William , Thomas , James , Murney May , Lillian , Bertha , and Sydney . Murney May Pugh was born in May while her family was living in the Tower . She eventually left Kingston to become a nurse and served overseas in the First World War . The Pugh family have had a significant impact on Kingston and Canadas history , serving over 470 years in the military . Architecture and defenses . The tower stands surrounded by a dry-ditch and is accessible only by a bridge . When the tower was originally built , there was no bridge to cross the dry-ditch . It is likely that soldiers would have accessed the tower through two ladders placed in the ditch . Murney Tower was constructed with locally quarried limestone with special brickwork on the barracks and basement levels of the towers interior . On the thickest side the walls are about 15 ft . thick at the base and 13 ft . thick up top . On the weaker side the walls are about 8 ft . thick . The walls are thicker on the south side because a naval attack from the Americans was the most likely form of attack and thus is what the tower is prepared for . Cannonballs from enemy ships should have theoretically bounced right off the walls . Currently , the barracks has two internal carronade cannons that would have fired 32-lb cannonballs directed out shuttered windows . These carronades had a range of 400 metres and would have been used for anti-personnel warfare in case of a land attack . These cannons could be moved about the interior embrasures , and so cover multiple approaches , including the bridge . The lower floor contained the ventilated gunpowder and artillery magazines and storage rooms , along with 4 capponieres , which acted as a defense system for the dry-ditch surrounding the Tower , allowing soldiers to fire through small loopholes at troops attacking the Towers base . Caponiers were unique to the Kingston Martello Towers , due to controversy surrounding them . The walls are much thinner in the caponiere than in the rest of the tower and are thus more vulnerable to attack . However , they also provided troops with the opportunity to protect the dry ditch through rifle loops , with strategic additional doors and rifle holes meant to keep out any enemy who successfully breached the caponier . The uppermost level is the artillery or gun platform , which supports a Blomefield cannon ( which also fired 32-lb cannonballs ) that could be rotated along an iron track , thus , providing full coverage around the Towers entire circumference . The Blomefield cannon was redesigned by Thomas Blomefield , Inspector of Artillery and Superintendent of the Royal Brass Foundry in 1780 . Blomefield redesigned the Armstrong cannon that had been previously used by the British forces , replacing it with a cannon that was simpler in design , lighter , and had more effective recoil restraint . The cannon weighs 6429 lbs , with a range of 2000 metres . Roofs are not original Mediterranean design of Martello towers , but a temporary snow roof was later added to the open gun platform two years after the towers construction protects the gun and keeps out the large amounts of snow . The addition of a roof is a common feature on Canadian Martellos . The original roof was installed in 1849 . In 1921 a windstorm removed the original wooden and tin roof . Parts of the roof date to the reconstruction that followed in 1925 , but the majority of the present roof dates from the 1970s and is not removable for safety reasons . Despite being one of the most sophisticated Martello towers designed and built by the British , Murney Tower quickly became obsolete due to improvements made in military weaponry and ship design . Present day . In 1925 , the museum was opened as a museum for the public by the Kingston Historical Society . It continues to be operated by the Kingston Historical Society as the Murney Tower Museum through the summer months ( May - Labour Day in September ) . Displays include three cannons ( 32-pounder ) , period uniforms , muskets , and other mid-19th century military artifacts . Although 14 Martello towers were built in Canada , only 9 are still standing , 4 of them in Kingston . Currently , only Murney Tower Museum is open to the public . Fort Henry has two towers that resemble Martello towers , however , they are branch ditch towers . Designations . In 1930 Murney Tower was designated a national historic site due to its sophisticated design . In 1989 the Kingston Fortifications were designated a National Historic Site of Canada . In 2007 , the Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications ( including Murney Tower ) were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It was recognized as having played an important role in the defense of British North America and in enabling Canada to develop its own political and cultural identity External links . - Murney Tower - Kingston Historical Society
|
[
"Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Murney Tower from 2007 to 2008?
|
/wiki/Murney_Tower#P1435#2
|
Murney Tower Murney Tower is a Martello tower in Kingston , Ontario , Canada , whose construction dates to January 1846 . The Tower was built in response to the Oregon Crisis , which was a tense dispute over the border between British North America and the United States in the 1840s . The tower is one of five components of Kingstons fortifications that defended Kingston Harbour , the Naval Dockyard , military supply depot and the southern entrance of the Rideau Canal . Murney Tower complements the fortifications of Fort Henry , Ontario , Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island , Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin and Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada . In addition to protecting the harbour and approaches to Kingston , these fortifications were designed to concentrate fire on Gardiners Island ; it being the only place to effectively land artillery at the time . History . Background . When the tower was first constructed they planned to call it Murray Tower after the Master General of Ordnance . The land however , was owned by the Murney family and was called Murney Point by the locals . They thus began calling the tower , Murney Tower . This name stuck . The original inscription stone above the door read ‘Murray Tower.’ An ‘N’ was affixed over the first ‘R’ so that the current sign reads ‘MURNAY TOWER’ , a hybrid spelling of the two versions . Construction began on the tower on February 7 , 1846 . On June 15 of the same year the Oregon treaty was resolved , reducing tensions with the Americans . On June 19th , the walls were built to their full height . Construction of the tower was finished on November 10 , 1846 . Life in the tower . The tower was occupied from 1848 until 1885 . The main floor ( ground level ) was the barracks level where the soldiers and their families lived , ate , and slept . It was manned by the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment until 1870 , then by Battery A until 1880 , and Battery B until 1884 . After 1885 it was watched by the Princess of Wales Own Regiment . It could house a maximum of 24 soldiers and one officer or multiple soldiers and their families . A birth was recorded in the tower in 1882 . Sergeant Thomas Pugh and his wife Martha Mary lived in the tower with their seven children : William , Thomas , James , Murney May , Lillian , Bertha , and Sydney . Murney May Pugh was born in May while her family was living in the Tower . She eventually left Kingston to become a nurse and served overseas in the First World War . The Pugh family have had a significant impact on Kingston and Canadas history , serving over 470 years in the military . Architecture and defenses . The tower stands surrounded by a dry-ditch and is accessible only by a bridge . When the tower was originally built , there was no bridge to cross the dry-ditch . It is likely that soldiers would have accessed the tower through two ladders placed in the ditch . Murney Tower was constructed with locally quarried limestone with special brickwork on the barracks and basement levels of the towers interior . On the thickest side the walls are about 15 ft . thick at the base and 13 ft . thick up top . On the weaker side the walls are about 8 ft . thick . The walls are thicker on the south side because a naval attack from the Americans was the most likely form of attack and thus is what the tower is prepared for . Cannonballs from enemy ships should have theoretically bounced right off the walls . Currently , the barracks has two internal carronade cannons that would have fired 32-lb cannonballs directed out shuttered windows . These carronades had a range of 400 metres and would have been used for anti-personnel warfare in case of a land attack . These cannons could be moved about the interior embrasures , and so cover multiple approaches , including the bridge . The lower floor contained the ventilated gunpowder and artillery magazines and storage rooms , along with 4 capponieres , which acted as a defense system for the dry-ditch surrounding the Tower , allowing soldiers to fire through small loopholes at troops attacking the Towers base . Caponiers were unique to the Kingston Martello Towers , due to controversy surrounding them . The walls are much thinner in the caponiere than in the rest of the tower and are thus more vulnerable to attack . However , they also provided troops with the opportunity to protect the dry ditch through rifle loops , with strategic additional doors and rifle holes meant to keep out any enemy who successfully breached the caponier . The uppermost level is the artillery or gun platform , which supports a Blomefield cannon ( which also fired 32-lb cannonballs ) that could be rotated along an iron track , thus , providing full coverage around the Towers entire circumference . The Blomefield cannon was redesigned by Thomas Blomefield , Inspector of Artillery and Superintendent of the Royal Brass Foundry in 1780 . Blomefield redesigned the Armstrong cannon that had been previously used by the British forces , replacing it with a cannon that was simpler in design , lighter , and had more effective recoil restraint . The cannon weighs 6429 lbs , with a range of 2000 metres . Roofs are not original Mediterranean design of Martello towers , but a temporary snow roof was later added to the open gun platform two years after the towers construction protects the gun and keeps out the large amounts of snow . The addition of a roof is a common feature on Canadian Martellos . The original roof was installed in 1849 . In 1921 a windstorm removed the original wooden and tin roof . Parts of the roof date to the reconstruction that followed in 1925 , but the majority of the present roof dates from the 1970s and is not removable for safety reasons . Despite being one of the most sophisticated Martello towers designed and built by the British , Murney Tower quickly became obsolete due to improvements made in military weaponry and ship design . Present day . In 1925 , the museum was opened as a museum for the public by the Kingston Historical Society . It continues to be operated by the Kingston Historical Society as the Murney Tower Museum through the summer months ( May - Labour Day in September ) . Displays include three cannons ( 32-pounder ) , period uniforms , muskets , and other mid-19th century military artifacts . Although 14 Martello towers were built in Canada , only 9 are still standing , 4 of them in Kingston . Currently , only Murney Tower Museum is open to the public . Fort Henry has two towers that resemble Martello towers , however , they are branch ditch towers . Designations . In 1930 Murney Tower was designated a national historic site due to its sophisticated design . In 1989 the Kingston Fortifications were designated a National Historic Site of Canada . In 2007 , the Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications ( including Murney Tower ) were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . It was recognized as having played an important role in the defense of British North America and in enabling Canada to develop its own political and cultural identity External links . - Murney Tower - Kingston Historical Society
|
[
"Sydney FC"
] |
easy
|
Michelle Heyman played for which team from 2008 to 2009?
|
/wiki/Michelle_Heyman#P54#0
|
Michelle Heyman Michelle Pearl Heyman ( born 4 July 1988 ) is an Australian soccer player and commentator who currently plays for Canberra United in the W-League in Australia . She has previously played for W-League teams Central Coast Mariners , Sydney FC , and Adelaide United as well as the Western New York Flash in the American National Womens Soccer League . Heyman has represented Australia since 2010 , playing at the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup , the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics . In May 2019 she retired from international football . Club career . Heyman began playing at the age of 11 with the Warilla Wanderers . She later played for Port Kembla FC and Shellharbour City before signing with Illawarra Stingrays in the New South Wales Womens Super League ( now NPL NSW Womens ) . She has returned to play for the Stingrays several times between W-League seasons . Prior to the beginning of the 2008–09 W-League season , Heyman trialled for Sydney FC . Out of 120 triallists , she was one of only ten to be signed by the club . Heyman signed from Sydney FC in the off-season to join Central Coast Mariners . On her debut for the Mariners , Heyman scored a double against her old club , Sydney FC . In 2009 , Heyman won the Golden Boot award for most goals scored during the League season along with the Julie Dolan Medal as the 2009 W-League player of the year . In 2010 , Heyman signed with Canberra United . During the 2011–12 W-League season , she was the leading goal-scorer in the league as Canberra United won the W-League premiership/championship double . Heyman spent five months in 2012 playing in Denmark for Brøndby IF . She returned to Canberra United in time for the start of the 2012–13 W-League season . On 9 July 2015 , Heyman signed with US side Western New York Flash where she played nine matches in the 2015 National Womens Soccer League season . In 2016 , rejoined the Illawarra Stingrays in the NPL NSW Womens competition during the W-League off-season . On 21 July 2018 it was announced that Heyman was leaving Canberra United after eight seasons . She made 93 appearances for Canberra , and scored 56 goals . She won the Golden Boot twice , and won two Championship Titles and three Premierships . On 24 August 2018 Adelaide United announced they had signed Heyman to a one-year contract for the 2018–19 W-League Season . At the end of the season , Heyman left Adelaide . After a season not playing soccer , Heyman returned to the W-League , signing with Canberra United . International career . Heyman made her debut for the national team in 2010 . She was part of the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup squad that finished the tournament as runners-up . Heyman played five matches for Australia at the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , Heyman played four matches for the Australian team that was eliminated in the quarter finals . Heyman was named to the Matildas squad for the 2018 AFC Womens Asian Cup , but she did not appear in any matches . Australia finished Runner-up to Japan and qualified for the 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup . In May 2019 she announced her retirement from international football . Career statistics . International goals . Scores and results list Australias score first . Honours . International . Australia - AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament : 2016 Rio Summer Olympics 2016 Club . - Canberra United - W-League Premiership : 2011–12 , 2013–14 - W-League Championship : 2011–12 , 2014 Individual . - Julie Dolan Medal : 2009 - W-League Golden Boot : 2009 , 2011–12 Personal life . Heyman is openly lesbian . She was the only openly gay Australian athlete at the 2016 Olympics . External links . - Matildas player profile - Western New York Flash player profile
|
[
"Central Coast Mariners"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Michelle Heyman belong to from 2009 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Michelle_Heyman#P54#1
|
Michelle Heyman Michelle Pearl Heyman ( born 4 July 1988 ) is an Australian soccer player and commentator who currently plays for Canberra United in the W-League in Australia . She has previously played for W-League teams Central Coast Mariners , Sydney FC , and Adelaide United as well as the Western New York Flash in the American National Womens Soccer League . Heyman has represented Australia since 2010 , playing at the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup , the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics . In May 2019 she retired from international football . Club career . Heyman began playing at the age of 11 with the Warilla Wanderers . She later played for Port Kembla FC and Shellharbour City before signing with Illawarra Stingrays in the New South Wales Womens Super League ( now NPL NSW Womens ) . She has returned to play for the Stingrays several times between W-League seasons . Prior to the beginning of the 2008–09 W-League season , Heyman trialled for Sydney FC . Out of 120 triallists , she was one of only ten to be signed by the club . Heyman signed from Sydney FC in the off-season to join Central Coast Mariners . On her debut for the Mariners , Heyman scored a double against her old club , Sydney FC . In 2009 , Heyman won the Golden Boot award for most goals scored during the League season along with the Julie Dolan Medal as the 2009 W-League player of the year . In 2010 , Heyman signed with Canberra United . During the 2011–12 W-League season , she was the leading goal-scorer in the league as Canberra United won the W-League premiership/championship double . Heyman spent five months in 2012 playing in Denmark for Brøndby IF . She returned to Canberra United in time for the start of the 2012–13 W-League season . On 9 July 2015 , Heyman signed with US side Western New York Flash where she played nine matches in the 2015 National Womens Soccer League season . In 2016 , rejoined the Illawarra Stingrays in the NPL NSW Womens competition during the W-League off-season . On 21 July 2018 it was announced that Heyman was leaving Canberra United after eight seasons . She made 93 appearances for Canberra , and scored 56 goals . She won the Golden Boot twice , and won two Championship Titles and three Premierships . On 24 August 2018 Adelaide United announced they had signed Heyman to a one-year contract for the 2018–19 W-League Season . At the end of the season , Heyman left Adelaide . After a season not playing soccer , Heyman returned to the W-League , signing with Canberra United . International career . Heyman made her debut for the national team in 2010 . She was part of the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup squad that finished the tournament as runners-up . Heyman played five matches for Australia at the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , Heyman played four matches for the Australian team that was eliminated in the quarter finals . Heyman was named to the Matildas squad for the 2018 AFC Womens Asian Cup , but she did not appear in any matches . Australia finished Runner-up to Japan and qualified for the 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup . In May 2019 she announced her retirement from international football . Career statistics . International goals . Scores and results list Australias score first . Honours . International . Australia - AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament : 2016 Rio Summer Olympics 2016 Club . - Canberra United - W-League Premiership : 2011–12 , 2013–14 - W-League Championship : 2011–12 , 2014 Individual . - Julie Dolan Medal : 2009 - W-League Golden Boot : 2009 , 2011–12 Personal life . Heyman is openly lesbian . She was the only openly gay Australian athlete at the 2016 Olympics . External links . - Matildas player profile - Western New York Flash player profile
|
[
"Canberra United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Michelle Heyman play for from 2010 to 2016?
|
/wiki/Michelle_Heyman#P54#2
|
Michelle Heyman Michelle Pearl Heyman ( born 4 July 1988 ) is an Australian soccer player and commentator who currently plays for Canberra United in the W-League in Australia . She has previously played for W-League teams Central Coast Mariners , Sydney FC , and Adelaide United as well as the Western New York Flash in the American National Womens Soccer League . Heyman has represented Australia since 2010 , playing at the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup , the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics . In May 2019 she retired from international football . Club career . Heyman began playing at the age of 11 with the Warilla Wanderers . She later played for Port Kembla FC and Shellharbour City before signing with Illawarra Stingrays in the New South Wales Womens Super League ( now NPL NSW Womens ) . She has returned to play for the Stingrays several times between W-League seasons . Prior to the beginning of the 2008–09 W-League season , Heyman trialled for Sydney FC . Out of 120 triallists , she was one of only ten to be signed by the club . Heyman signed from Sydney FC in the off-season to join Central Coast Mariners . On her debut for the Mariners , Heyman scored a double against her old club , Sydney FC . In 2009 , Heyman won the Golden Boot award for most goals scored during the League season along with the Julie Dolan Medal as the 2009 W-League player of the year . In 2010 , Heyman signed with Canberra United . During the 2011–12 W-League season , she was the leading goal-scorer in the league as Canberra United won the W-League premiership/championship double . Heyman spent five months in 2012 playing in Denmark for Brøndby IF . She returned to Canberra United in time for the start of the 2012–13 W-League season . On 9 July 2015 , Heyman signed with US side Western New York Flash where she played nine matches in the 2015 National Womens Soccer League season . In 2016 , rejoined the Illawarra Stingrays in the NPL NSW Womens competition during the W-League off-season . On 21 July 2018 it was announced that Heyman was leaving Canberra United after eight seasons . She made 93 appearances for Canberra , and scored 56 goals . She won the Golden Boot twice , and won two Championship Titles and three Premierships . On 24 August 2018 Adelaide United announced they had signed Heyman to a one-year contract for the 2018–19 W-League Season . At the end of the season , Heyman left Adelaide . After a season not playing soccer , Heyman returned to the W-League , signing with Canberra United . International career . Heyman made her debut for the national team in 2010 . She was part of the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup squad that finished the tournament as runners-up . Heyman played five matches for Australia at the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , Heyman played four matches for the Australian team that was eliminated in the quarter finals . Heyman was named to the Matildas squad for the 2018 AFC Womens Asian Cup , but she did not appear in any matches . Australia finished Runner-up to Japan and qualified for the 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup . In May 2019 she announced her retirement from international football . Career statistics . International goals . Scores and results list Australias score first . Honours . International . Australia - AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament : 2016 Rio Summer Olympics 2016 Club . - Canberra United - W-League Premiership : 2011–12 , 2013–14 - W-League Championship : 2011–12 , 2014 Individual . - Julie Dolan Medal : 2009 - W-League Golden Boot : 2009 , 2011–12 Personal life . Heyman is openly lesbian . She was the only openly gay Australian athlete at the 2016 Olympics . External links . - Matildas player profile - Western New York Flash player profile
|
[
"Illawarra Stingrays"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Michelle Heyman belong to from 2016 to 2017?
|
/wiki/Michelle_Heyman#P54#3
|
Michelle Heyman Michelle Pearl Heyman ( born 4 July 1988 ) is an Australian soccer player and commentator who currently plays for Canberra United in the W-League in Australia . She has previously played for W-League teams Central Coast Mariners , Sydney FC , and Adelaide United as well as the Western New York Flash in the American National Womens Soccer League . Heyman has represented Australia since 2010 , playing at the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup , the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics . In May 2019 she retired from international football . Club career . Heyman began playing at the age of 11 with the Warilla Wanderers . She later played for Port Kembla FC and Shellharbour City before signing with Illawarra Stingrays in the New South Wales Womens Super League ( now NPL NSW Womens ) . She has returned to play for the Stingrays several times between W-League seasons . Prior to the beginning of the 2008–09 W-League season , Heyman trialled for Sydney FC . Out of 120 triallists , she was one of only ten to be signed by the club . Heyman signed from Sydney FC in the off-season to join Central Coast Mariners . On her debut for the Mariners , Heyman scored a double against her old club , Sydney FC . In 2009 , Heyman won the Golden Boot award for most goals scored during the League season along with the Julie Dolan Medal as the 2009 W-League player of the year . In 2010 , Heyman signed with Canberra United . During the 2011–12 W-League season , she was the leading goal-scorer in the league as Canberra United won the W-League premiership/championship double . Heyman spent five months in 2012 playing in Denmark for Brøndby IF . She returned to Canberra United in time for the start of the 2012–13 W-League season . On 9 July 2015 , Heyman signed with US side Western New York Flash where she played nine matches in the 2015 National Womens Soccer League season . In 2016 , rejoined the Illawarra Stingrays in the NPL NSW Womens competition during the W-League off-season . On 21 July 2018 it was announced that Heyman was leaving Canberra United after eight seasons . She made 93 appearances for Canberra , and scored 56 goals . She won the Golden Boot twice , and won two Championship Titles and three Premierships . On 24 August 2018 Adelaide United announced they had signed Heyman to a one-year contract for the 2018–19 W-League Season . At the end of the season , Heyman left Adelaide . After a season not playing soccer , Heyman returned to the W-League , signing with Canberra United . International career . Heyman made her debut for the national team in 2010 . She was part of the 2014 AFC Womens Asian Cup squad that finished the tournament as runners-up . Heyman played five matches for Australia at the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup . At the 2016 Summer Olympics , Heyman played four matches for the Australian team that was eliminated in the quarter finals . Heyman was named to the Matildas squad for the 2018 AFC Womens Asian Cup , but she did not appear in any matches . Australia finished Runner-up to Japan and qualified for the 2019 FIFA Womens World Cup . In May 2019 she announced her retirement from international football . Career statistics . International goals . Scores and results list Australias score first . Honours . International . Australia - AFC Olympic Qualifying Tournament : 2016 Rio Summer Olympics 2016 Club . - Canberra United - W-League Premiership : 2011–12 , 2013–14 - W-League Championship : 2011–12 , 2014 Individual . - Julie Dolan Medal : 2009 - W-League Golden Boot : 2009 , 2011–12 Personal life . Heyman is openly lesbian . She was the only openly gay Australian athlete at the 2016 Olympics . External links . - Matildas player profile - Western New York Flash player profile
|
[
"member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of Troy Buswell from Feb 2005 to 2008?
|
/wiki/Troy_Buswell#P39#0
|
Troy Buswell Troy Raymond Buswell ( born 19 March 1966 ) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2005 to 2014 , representing the seat of Vasse . He was Treasurer of Western Australia in the Barnett Ministry from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 , and also held several other portfolios . From Busselton , Western Australia , and educated at the University of Western Australia , Buswell was Leader of the Opposition for several months in 2008 , before being replaced by Colin Barnett , and was then named Treasurer following the Liberal Partys victory at the 2008 state election . He resigned from the ministry in April 2010 following allegations of improper use of ministerial allowances during an extramarital affair with Greens MLA Adele Carles , the Member for Fremantle . Buswell was re-appointed to the ministry in December 2010 as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing , and regained the post of Treasurer in July 2012 . After taking several days personal leave early in the month , he resigned from Cabinet on 10 March 2014 . The Premier said that Buswell had suffered a breakdown and had received hospital treatment in Perth and a clinic in Sydney . He resigned from parliament on 3 September 2014 , citing his health as being incompatible with public life . Early life and local government career . Buswell was born in the regional city of Bunbury , Western Australia . He was educated at Busselton Senior High School and later attained a Bachelor of Economics at University of Western Australia , where in 1986 he won the W.G . Salter Memorial Prize in Economics , which is awarded annually to the top student enrolled for the degree of Bachelor of Economics . In 1992 , he became the director of Villa Carlotta Group , which provided bus tours in the Busselton region , and also became involved with the Cape Naturaliste Tourism Association . On 14 November 1992 , he married Margaret Cummins , with whom he had two sons Jacob and Samuel . He served as a councillor with the Shire of Busselton in 1995–1996 , and again in 2001–2003 , before becoming its Shire President at the 2003 local government elections . He stepped down to contest the state election for the Liberal Party in the seat of Vasse , which is centred on Busselton . Some controversy arose over his preselection as he was chosen over the sitting member , Bernie Masters , who blamed then-deputy leader Dan Sullivan for the decision , quit the party and ran for the seat as an independent . However , Buswell won the contest by 209 votes . Deputy leadership . With the unexpected resignation of Deputy Opposition Leader Paul Omodei in October 2005 , Buswell was elected by the party room to replace Omodei in the role , serving under Matt Birney . Omodei went on to successful challenge for the leadership in March 2006 , with Buswell remaining as deputy . By August 2007 , polling numbers had fallen below 14% , and media commentators speculated that Omodei would be replaced with Buswell within six months if he could not improve polling by the end of the year . However , Buswell was being investigated by the Corruption and Crime Commission over allegations that he had met former Liberal powerbroker Noel Crichton-Browne , who was working as a lobbyist in conjunction with former premier Brian Burke , in a carpark to discuss the Canal Rocks development at Smiths Beach in Yallingup while he was still mayor of Busselton . On 9 October 2007 , he was cleared by the CCC of any wrongdoing and pressure upon Omodei immediately increased . Former party leader Colin Barnett , however , dismissed its significance , claiming Buswell would lead the Liberal Party at some future point but did not yet have the experience . On 28 November 2007 , just after the 2007 federal election which saw a new Labor government under Kevin Rudd come into power , rumours of a push within the Liberal Party to install Buswell as state leader were reported in the media . Omodei , however , promised to land a good right hook on anyone asking him to stand aside , and asked for a fair go while announcing a swathe of new policies for the party . On 23 December 2007 , it was reported that Buswell was moving his family to Shenton Park in Perths inner western suburbs due to lengthy periods of time away from his family . Leader of the Opposition . On 17 January 2008 , Buswell announced he would challenge Omodeis leadership . After a spill motion carried , Omodei did not contest the ensuing leadership vote , and Buswell defeated Shadow Minister for Police and Justice Rob Johnson to become the new leader . In the following media conference , he refused to comment on allegations relating to a drunken night at parliament , where he snapped the back of a female Labor party staffers bra-strap as a party trick , and other inappropriate and sexist behaviour . On 27 April 2008 further allegations were published , these included the sniffing of a chair of a female Liberal staffer as well as claims he crawled around on his hands and knees pretending to be the staffers husband . Buswell first refused to deny the allegations , and then subsequently admitted to the act . The woman later revealed Buswell was groaning and writhing in sexual pleasure . As well as these incidents , Buswell has been accused by retiring Liberal MLA for Carine , Katie Hodson-Thomas , of making sexist remarks to her . MLA for Roe Graham Jacobs called for a leadership spill motion , which took place on 5 May 2008 , but the motion failed and Buswell remained leader . Revelations also came out of Buswell squirrel gripping ( grabbing the testicles of ) Liberal MLA Murray Cowper in parliament . Cowper did not deny the incident , saying As far as Im concerned the matters dead and its time for everyone to move on , the media included . Buswell faced a fresh crisis when it was revealed in a Corruption and Crime Commission ( CCC ) report on 10 June 2008 that a motion moved in Parliament by his staunchest backer , Shadow Minister for Road Safety John McGrath , had been provided to him by lobbyists Brian Burke and Julian Grill . Burke had written the motion on behalf of a company that sold radar detectors . The CCC report said Mr McGraths claim he was unaware of Burkes commercial interest in the issue strained credibility . Buswell backed McGrath by claiming that he had been cleared of misconduct while McGrath refused to stand down . Three days later , Buswell sacked the Shadow Police Minister Rob Johnson after Johnson said he could not serve in the Shadow Cabinet with McGrath as Shadow Minister for Road Safety . Buswell resigned as Liberal leader and leader of the opposition on 4 August 2008 . He was replaced by Colin Barnett . Government . After resigning as leader , Buswell was granted a place on the Opposition front bench as Shadow Treasurer under new leader Colin Barnett . Following the state election in September 2008 , where the incumbent Labor government was defeated and the National Party agreed to vote with the Liberal Party in the hung parliament , Buswell was named as Treasurer in Colin Barnetts new Cabinet . On 24 April 2010 , Greens MP Adele Carles publicly stated that Buswell and herself had been engaged in an affair that lasted several months . Buswell himself gave a public statement on 26 April confirming this and that he had used a ministerial car and a government credit card to pay for accommodation for himself and Carles . On 27 April , the premier demanded , and obtained , his resignation as a member of the ministry , although Buswell continued as the member for Vasse . Buswell was cleared of any misuse of public entitlements by Public Sector Commissioner Mal Wauchopes report which was tabled to state parliament by premier Colin Barnett on 23 June 2010 . The premier indicated that Buswell would not be considered for a cabinet position until the end of the year . He was re-appointed to the ministry as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing on 14 December 2010 . Controversies . During his political career , Buswell has been involved in a number of controversies . In January 2008 , allegations arose of an incident the previous year where Buswell had snapped the elastic bra strap of a Labor staffer . Buswell later confirmed this and publicly apologised for the incident . In April 2008 , it was alleged that Buswell had sniffed the chair of a Liberal staffer , writhing in mock sexual pleasure , which he denied , and then subsequently admitted to , apologising once more . In August 2008 , Liberal backbencher Murray Cowper mentioned that Buswell grabbed him in the crotch , but that it was an incident that had been resolved between them both . In October 2009 , Buswell admitted to filing a false claim for a living away from home allowance , which he attributed to a clerical error . He later repaid the money . The following month , another travel allowance mistake was found . In April 2010 news of an extra-marital affair with Adele Carles was reported , and in the aftermath of the affair , Buswell admitted to misusing entitlements to facilitate the affair . He and Carles were subsequently cleared by the Public Sector Commissioner of misusing entitlements . In December 2010 , Buswell took up the position of Housing and Transport Minister ; three months later it was revealed that he had committed nine speeding offences in the previous three years . In December 2012 , Carles accused Buswell of having dry humped a businessman at a party in 2011 . Buswell launched a defamation case against her ; this was subsequently settled out of court with Carles issuing written apologies to the parties involved . In March 2014 , Buswell resigned from his position as Treasurer and Transport Minister due to a mental health breakdown . In May 2014 Buswell was convicted and fined for 11 motor vehicle offences whilst holding the cabinet position of Minister for Transport . These fines related to careless driving , failing to stop at a crash and failing to report an accident on the night of 22 February 2014 . From an independent eyewitness report to police on the night , it was indicated that Buswell was suffering from impaired coordination whilst driving and after returning to his Subiaco home . The fines totalled $3,100 and his drivers licence was suspended for 12 months . Following his resignation as Transport Minister , accusations of plagiarism were made against Buswell for a report into light rail . He was accused of plagiarising large sections of a report written during a taxpayer funded trip to Europe and Asia . In an interview just prior to his defeat at the 2017 election Premier Colin Barnett stated that Buswell could have succeeded him as Premier if Buswell hadnt gone off the rails . In February 2020 , Buswell was charged with six aggravated assault charges against a woman known to him and one count of unlawful damage . The alleged offences took place over four years between 2015 and 2019 . The woman was revealed to be his ex-wife Melissa Hankinson . Buswell was subsequently prosecuted on six counts of domestic violence relating to alleged assaults on Hankinson . The trial on these charges , in the Perth Magistrates Court , is expected to conclude in late May 2021 . List of portfolios . Buswell has held the following portfolios since his election in 2005 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 9 March 2005 – 20 March 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs - 20 March 2005 – 22 May 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 22 May 2005 – 8 November 2005 : Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 8 November 2005 – 17 January 2008 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 17 January 2008 – 23 January 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 23 January 2008 – 4 August 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Trade - 4 August 2008 – 6 September 2008 : Shadow Treasurer - 23 September 2008 – 28 April 2010 : Treasurer ; Minister for Commerce ; Minister for Science and Innovation ; Minister for Housing and Works - 14 December 2010 – 6 December 2011 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing - 6 December 2011 – 10 July 2012 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 10 July 2012 – 13 July 2012 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 13 July 2012 – 21 March 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Emergency Services - 21 March 2013 – 11 December 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Fisheries - 11 December 2013 – 10 March 2014 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport Bibliography . - Whos Who in Australia ( 2007 ) , p . 376
|
[
"Leader of the Opposition"
] |
easy
|
What position did Troy Buswell take from 2008 to Aug 2008?
|
/wiki/Troy_Buswell#P39#1
|
Troy Buswell Troy Raymond Buswell ( born 19 March 1966 ) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2005 to 2014 , representing the seat of Vasse . He was Treasurer of Western Australia in the Barnett Ministry from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 , and also held several other portfolios . From Busselton , Western Australia , and educated at the University of Western Australia , Buswell was Leader of the Opposition for several months in 2008 , before being replaced by Colin Barnett , and was then named Treasurer following the Liberal Partys victory at the 2008 state election . He resigned from the ministry in April 2010 following allegations of improper use of ministerial allowances during an extramarital affair with Greens MLA Adele Carles , the Member for Fremantle . Buswell was re-appointed to the ministry in December 2010 as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing , and regained the post of Treasurer in July 2012 . After taking several days personal leave early in the month , he resigned from Cabinet on 10 March 2014 . The Premier said that Buswell had suffered a breakdown and had received hospital treatment in Perth and a clinic in Sydney . He resigned from parliament on 3 September 2014 , citing his health as being incompatible with public life . Early life and local government career . Buswell was born in the regional city of Bunbury , Western Australia . He was educated at Busselton Senior High School and later attained a Bachelor of Economics at University of Western Australia , where in 1986 he won the W.G . Salter Memorial Prize in Economics , which is awarded annually to the top student enrolled for the degree of Bachelor of Economics . In 1992 , he became the director of Villa Carlotta Group , which provided bus tours in the Busselton region , and also became involved with the Cape Naturaliste Tourism Association . On 14 November 1992 , he married Margaret Cummins , with whom he had two sons Jacob and Samuel . He served as a councillor with the Shire of Busselton in 1995–1996 , and again in 2001–2003 , before becoming its Shire President at the 2003 local government elections . He stepped down to contest the state election for the Liberal Party in the seat of Vasse , which is centred on Busselton . Some controversy arose over his preselection as he was chosen over the sitting member , Bernie Masters , who blamed then-deputy leader Dan Sullivan for the decision , quit the party and ran for the seat as an independent . However , Buswell won the contest by 209 votes . Deputy leadership . With the unexpected resignation of Deputy Opposition Leader Paul Omodei in October 2005 , Buswell was elected by the party room to replace Omodei in the role , serving under Matt Birney . Omodei went on to successful challenge for the leadership in March 2006 , with Buswell remaining as deputy . By August 2007 , polling numbers had fallen below 14% , and media commentators speculated that Omodei would be replaced with Buswell within six months if he could not improve polling by the end of the year . However , Buswell was being investigated by the Corruption and Crime Commission over allegations that he had met former Liberal powerbroker Noel Crichton-Browne , who was working as a lobbyist in conjunction with former premier Brian Burke , in a carpark to discuss the Canal Rocks development at Smiths Beach in Yallingup while he was still mayor of Busselton . On 9 October 2007 , he was cleared by the CCC of any wrongdoing and pressure upon Omodei immediately increased . Former party leader Colin Barnett , however , dismissed its significance , claiming Buswell would lead the Liberal Party at some future point but did not yet have the experience . On 28 November 2007 , just after the 2007 federal election which saw a new Labor government under Kevin Rudd come into power , rumours of a push within the Liberal Party to install Buswell as state leader were reported in the media . Omodei , however , promised to land a good right hook on anyone asking him to stand aside , and asked for a fair go while announcing a swathe of new policies for the party . On 23 December 2007 , it was reported that Buswell was moving his family to Shenton Park in Perths inner western suburbs due to lengthy periods of time away from his family . Leader of the Opposition . On 17 January 2008 , Buswell announced he would challenge Omodeis leadership . After a spill motion carried , Omodei did not contest the ensuing leadership vote , and Buswell defeated Shadow Minister for Police and Justice Rob Johnson to become the new leader . In the following media conference , he refused to comment on allegations relating to a drunken night at parliament , where he snapped the back of a female Labor party staffers bra-strap as a party trick , and other inappropriate and sexist behaviour . On 27 April 2008 further allegations were published , these included the sniffing of a chair of a female Liberal staffer as well as claims he crawled around on his hands and knees pretending to be the staffers husband . Buswell first refused to deny the allegations , and then subsequently admitted to the act . The woman later revealed Buswell was groaning and writhing in sexual pleasure . As well as these incidents , Buswell has been accused by retiring Liberal MLA for Carine , Katie Hodson-Thomas , of making sexist remarks to her . MLA for Roe Graham Jacobs called for a leadership spill motion , which took place on 5 May 2008 , but the motion failed and Buswell remained leader . Revelations also came out of Buswell squirrel gripping ( grabbing the testicles of ) Liberal MLA Murray Cowper in parliament . Cowper did not deny the incident , saying As far as Im concerned the matters dead and its time for everyone to move on , the media included . Buswell faced a fresh crisis when it was revealed in a Corruption and Crime Commission ( CCC ) report on 10 June 2008 that a motion moved in Parliament by his staunchest backer , Shadow Minister for Road Safety John McGrath , had been provided to him by lobbyists Brian Burke and Julian Grill . Burke had written the motion on behalf of a company that sold radar detectors . The CCC report said Mr McGraths claim he was unaware of Burkes commercial interest in the issue strained credibility . Buswell backed McGrath by claiming that he had been cleared of misconduct while McGrath refused to stand down . Three days later , Buswell sacked the Shadow Police Minister Rob Johnson after Johnson said he could not serve in the Shadow Cabinet with McGrath as Shadow Minister for Road Safety . Buswell resigned as Liberal leader and leader of the opposition on 4 August 2008 . He was replaced by Colin Barnett . Government . After resigning as leader , Buswell was granted a place on the Opposition front bench as Shadow Treasurer under new leader Colin Barnett . Following the state election in September 2008 , where the incumbent Labor government was defeated and the National Party agreed to vote with the Liberal Party in the hung parliament , Buswell was named as Treasurer in Colin Barnetts new Cabinet . On 24 April 2010 , Greens MP Adele Carles publicly stated that Buswell and herself had been engaged in an affair that lasted several months . Buswell himself gave a public statement on 26 April confirming this and that he had used a ministerial car and a government credit card to pay for accommodation for himself and Carles . On 27 April , the premier demanded , and obtained , his resignation as a member of the ministry , although Buswell continued as the member for Vasse . Buswell was cleared of any misuse of public entitlements by Public Sector Commissioner Mal Wauchopes report which was tabled to state parliament by premier Colin Barnett on 23 June 2010 . The premier indicated that Buswell would not be considered for a cabinet position until the end of the year . He was re-appointed to the ministry as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing on 14 December 2010 . Controversies . During his political career , Buswell has been involved in a number of controversies . In January 2008 , allegations arose of an incident the previous year where Buswell had snapped the elastic bra strap of a Labor staffer . Buswell later confirmed this and publicly apologised for the incident . In April 2008 , it was alleged that Buswell had sniffed the chair of a Liberal staffer , writhing in mock sexual pleasure , which he denied , and then subsequently admitted to , apologising once more . In August 2008 , Liberal backbencher Murray Cowper mentioned that Buswell grabbed him in the crotch , but that it was an incident that had been resolved between them both . In October 2009 , Buswell admitted to filing a false claim for a living away from home allowance , which he attributed to a clerical error . He later repaid the money . The following month , another travel allowance mistake was found . In April 2010 news of an extra-marital affair with Adele Carles was reported , and in the aftermath of the affair , Buswell admitted to misusing entitlements to facilitate the affair . He and Carles were subsequently cleared by the Public Sector Commissioner of misusing entitlements . In December 2010 , Buswell took up the position of Housing and Transport Minister ; three months later it was revealed that he had committed nine speeding offences in the previous three years . In December 2012 , Carles accused Buswell of having dry humped a businessman at a party in 2011 . Buswell launched a defamation case against her ; this was subsequently settled out of court with Carles issuing written apologies to the parties involved . In March 2014 , Buswell resigned from his position as Treasurer and Transport Minister due to a mental health breakdown . In May 2014 Buswell was convicted and fined for 11 motor vehicle offences whilst holding the cabinet position of Minister for Transport . These fines related to careless driving , failing to stop at a crash and failing to report an accident on the night of 22 February 2014 . From an independent eyewitness report to police on the night , it was indicated that Buswell was suffering from impaired coordination whilst driving and after returning to his Subiaco home . The fines totalled $3,100 and his drivers licence was suspended for 12 months . Following his resignation as Transport Minister , accusations of plagiarism were made against Buswell for a report into light rail . He was accused of plagiarising large sections of a report written during a taxpayer funded trip to Europe and Asia . In an interview just prior to his defeat at the 2017 election Premier Colin Barnett stated that Buswell could have succeeded him as Premier if Buswell hadnt gone off the rails . In February 2020 , Buswell was charged with six aggravated assault charges against a woman known to him and one count of unlawful damage . The alleged offences took place over four years between 2015 and 2019 . The woman was revealed to be his ex-wife Melissa Hankinson . Buswell was subsequently prosecuted on six counts of domestic violence relating to alleged assaults on Hankinson . The trial on these charges , in the Perth Magistrates Court , is expected to conclude in late May 2021 . List of portfolios . Buswell has held the following portfolios since his election in 2005 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 9 March 2005 – 20 March 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs - 20 March 2005 – 22 May 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 22 May 2005 – 8 November 2005 : Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 8 November 2005 – 17 January 2008 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 17 January 2008 – 23 January 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 23 January 2008 – 4 August 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Trade - 4 August 2008 – 6 September 2008 : Shadow Treasurer - 23 September 2008 – 28 April 2010 : Treasurer ; Minister for Commerce ; Minister for Science and Innovation ; Minister for Housing and Works - 14 December 2010 – 6 December 2011 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing - 6 December 2011 – 10 July 2012 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 10 July 2012 – 13 July 2012 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 13 July 2012 – 21 March 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Emergency Services - 21 March 2013 – 11 December 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Fisheries - 11 December 2013 – 10 March 2014 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport Bibliography . - Whos Who in Australia ( 2007 ) , p . 376
|
[
"Treasurer of Western Australia"
] |
easy
|
What position did Troy Buswell take from Sep 2008 to Apr 2010?
|
/wiki/Troy_Buswell#P39#2
|
Troy Buswell Troy Raymond Buswell ( born 19 March 1966 ) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2005 to 2014 , representing the seat of Vasse . He was Treasurer of Western Australia in the Barnett Ministry from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 , and also held several other portfolios . From Busselton , Western Australia , and educated at the University of Western Australia , Buswell was Leader of the Opposition for several months in 2008 , before being replaced by Colin Barnett , and was then named Treasurer following the Liberal Partys victory at the 2008 state election . He resigned from the ministry in April 2010 following allegations of improper use of ministerial allowances during an extramarital affair with Greens MLA Adele Carles , the Member for Fremantle . Buswell was re-appointed to the ministry in December 2010 as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing , and regained the post of Treasurer in July 2012 . After taking several days personal leave early in the month , he resigned from Cabinet on 10 March 2014 . The Premier said that Buswell had suffered a breakdown and had received hospital treatment in Perth and a clinic in Sydney . He resigned from parliament on 3 September 2014 , citing his health as being incompatible with public life . Early life and local government career . Buswell was born in the regional city of Bunbury , Western Australia . He was educated at Busselton Senior High School and later attained a Bachelor of Economics at University of Western Australia , where in 1986 he won the W.G . Salter Memorial Prize in Economics , which is awarded annually to the top student enrolled for the degree of Bachelor of Economics . In 1992 , he became the director of Villa Carlotta Group , which provided bus tours in the Busselton region , and also became involved with the Cape Naturaliste Tourism Association . On 14 November 1992 , he married Margaret Cummins , with whom he had two sons Jacob and Samuel . He served as a councillor with the Shire of Busselton in 1995–1996 , and again in 2001–2003 , before becoming its Shire President at the 2003 local government elections . He stepped down to contest the state election for the Liberal Party in the seat of Vasse , which is centred on Busselton . Some controversy arose over his preselection as he was chosen over the sitting member , Bernie Masters , who blamed then-deputy leader Dan Sullivan for the decision , quit the party and ran for the seat as an independent . However , Buswell won the contest by 209 votes . Deputy leadership . With the unexpected resignation of Deputy Opposition Leader Paul Omodei in October 2005 , Buswell was elected by the party room to replace Omodei in the role , serving under Matt Birney . Omodei went on to successful challenge for the leadership in March 2006 , with Buswell remaining as deputy . By August 2007 , polling numbers had fallen below 14% , and media commentators speculated that Omodei would be replaced with Buswell within six months if he could not improve polling by the end of the year . However , Buswell was being investigated by the Corruption and Crime Commission over allegations that he had met former Liberal powerbroker Noel Crichton-Browne , who was working as a lobbyist in conjunction with former premier Brian Burke , in a carpark to discuss the Canal Rocks development at Smiths Beach in Yallingup while he was still mayor of Busselton . On 9 October 2007 , he was cleared by the CCC of any wrongdoing and pressure upon Omodei immediately increased . Former party leader Colin Barnett , however , dismissed its significance , claiming Buswell would lead the Liberal Party at some future point but did not yet have the experience . On 28 November 2007 , just after the 2007 federal election which saw a new Labor government under Kevin Rudd come into power , rumours of a push within the Liberal Party to install Buswell as state leader were reported in the media . Omodei , however , promised to land a good right hook on anyone asking him to stand aside , and asked for a fair go while announcing a swathe of new policies for the party . On 23 December 2007 , it was reported that Buswell was moving his family to Shenton Park in Perths inner western suburbs due to lengthy periods of time away from his family . Leader of the Opposition . On 17 January 2008 , Buswell announced he would challenge Omodeis leadership . After a spill motion carried , Omodei did not contest the ensuing leadership vote , and Buswell defeated Shadow Minister for Police and Justice Rob Johnson to become the new leader . In the following media conference , he refused to comment on allegations relating to a drunken night at parliament , where he snapped the back of a female Labor party staffers bra-strap as a party trick , and other inappropriate and sexist behaviour . On 27 April 2008 further allegations were published , these included the sniffing of a chair of a female Liberal staffer as well as claims he crawled around on his hands and knees pretending to be the staffers husband . Buswell first refused to deny the allegations , and then subsequently admitted to the act . The woman later revealed Buswell was groaning and writhing in sexual pleasure . As well as these incidents , Buswell has been accused by retiring Liberal MLA for Carine , Katie Hodson-Thomas , of making sexist remarks to her . MLA for Roe Graham Jacobs called for a leadership spill motion , which took place on 5 May 2008 , but the motion failed and Buswell remained leader . Revelations also came out of Buswell squirrel gripping ( grabbing the testicles of ) Liberal MLA Murray Cowper in parliament . Cowper did not deny the incident , saying As far as Im concerned the matters dead and its time for everyone to move on , the media included . Buswell faced a fresh crisis when it was revealed in a Corruption and Crime Commission ( CCC ) report on 10 June 2008 that a motion moved in Parliament by his staunchest backer , Shadow Minister for Road Safety John McGrath , had been provided to him by lobbyists Brian Burke and Julian Grill . Burke had written the motion on behalf of a company that sold radar detectors . The CCC report said Mr McGraths claim he was unaware of Burkes commercial interest in the issue strained credibility . Buswell backed McGrath by claiming that he had been cleared of misconduct while McGrath refused to stand down . Three days later , Buswell sacked the Shadow Police Minister Rob Johnson after Johnson said he could not serve in the Shadow Cabinet with McGrath as Shadow Minister for Road Safety . Buswell resigned as Liberal leader and leader of the opposition on 4 August 2008 . He was replaced by Colin Barnett . Government . After resigning as leader , Buswell was granted a place on the Opposition front bench as Shadow Treasurer under new leader Colin Barnett . Following the state election in September 2008 , where the incumbent Labor government was defeated and the National Party agreed to vote with the Liberal Party in the hung parliament , Buswell was named as Treasurer in Colin Barnetts new Cabinet . On 24 April 2010 , Greens MP Adele Carles publicly stated that Buswell and herself had been engaged in an affair that lasted several months . Buswell himself gave a public statement on 26 April confirming this and that he had used a ministerial car and a government credit card to pay for accommodation for himself and Carles . On 27 April , the premier demanded , and obtained , his resignation as a member of the ministry , although Buswell continued as the member for Vasse . Buswell was cleared of any misuse of public entitlements by Public Sector Commissioner Mal Wauchopes report which was tabled to state parliament by premier Colin Barnett on 23 June 2010 . The premier indicated that Buswell would not be considered for a cabinet position until the end of the year . He was re-appointed to the ministry as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing on 14 December 2010 . Controversies . During his political career , Buswell has been involved in a number of controversies . In January 2008 , allegations arose of an incident the previous year where Buswell had snapped the elastic bra strap of a Labor staffer . Buswell later confirmed this and publicly apologised for the incident . In April 2008 , it was alleged that Buswell had sniffed the chair of a Liberal staffer , writhing in mock sexual pleasure , which he denied , and then subsequently admitted to , apologising once more . In August 2008 , Liberal backbencher Murray Cowper mentioned that Buswell grabbed him in the crotch , but that it was an incident that had been resolved between them both . In October 2009 , Buswell admitted to filing a false claim for a living away from home allowance , which he attributed to a clerical error . He later repaid the money . The following month , another travel allowance mistake was found . In April 2010 news of an extra-marital affair with Adele Carles was reported , and in the aftermath of the affair , Buswell admitted to misusing entitlements to facilitate the affair . He and Carles were subsequently cleared by the Public Sector Commissioner of misusing entitlements . In December 2010 , Buswell took up the position of Housing and Transport Minister ; three months later it was revealed that he had committed nine speeding offences in the previous three years . In December 2012 , Carles accused Buswell of having dry humped a businessman at a party in 2011 . Buswell launched a defamation case against her ; this was subsequently settled out of court with Carles issuing written apologies to the parties involved . In March 2014 , Buswell resigned from his position as Treasurer and Transport Minister due to a mental health breakdown . In May 2014 Buswell was convicted and fined for 11 motor vehicle offences whilst holding the cabinet position of Minister for Transport . These fines related to careless driving , failing to stop at a crash and failing to report an accident on the night of 22 February 2014 . From an independent eyewitness report to police on the night , it was indicated that Buswell was suffering from impaired coordination whilst driving and after returning to his Subiaco home . The fines totalled $3,100 and his drivers licence was suspended for 12 months . Following his resignation as Transport Minister , accusations of plagiarism were made against Buswell for a report into light rail . He was accused of plagiarising large sections of a report written during a taxpayer funded trip to Europe and Asia . In an interview just prior to his defeat at the 2017 election Premier Colin Barnett stated that Buswell could have succeeded him as Premier if Buswell hadnt gone off the rails . In February 2020 , Buswell was charged with six aggravated assault charges against a woman known to him and one count of unlawful damage . The alleged offences took place over four years between 2015 and 2019 . The woman was revealed to be his ex-wife Melissa Hankinson . Buswell was subsequently prosecuted on six counts of domestic violence relating to alleged assaults on Hankinson . The trial on these charges , in the Perth Magistrates Court , is expected to conclude in late May 2021 . List of portfolios . Buswell has held the following portfolios since his election in 2005 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 9 March 2005 – 20 March 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs - 20 March 2005 – 22 May 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 22 May 2005 – 8 November 2005 : Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 8 November 2005 – 17 January 2008 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 17 January 2008 – 23 January 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 23 January 2008 – 4 August 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Trade - 4 August 2008 – 6 September 2008 : Shadow Treasurer - 23 September 2008 – 28 April 2010 : Treasurer ; Minister for Commerce ; Minister for Science and Innovation ; Minister for Housing and Works - 14 December 2010 – 6 December 2011 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing - 6 December 2011 – 10 July 2012 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 10 July 2012 – 13 July 2012 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 13 July 2012 – 21 March 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Emergency Services - 21 March 2013 – 11 December 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Fisheries - 11 December 2013 – 10 March 2014 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport Bibliography . - Whos Who in Australia ( 2007 ) , p . 376
|
[
"Minister for Transport"
] |
easy
|
What position did Troy Buswell take from Jul 2012 to Mar 2014?
|
/wiki/Troy_Buswell#P39#3
|
Troy Buswell Troy Raymond Buswell ( born 19 March 1966 ) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 2005 to 2014 , representing the seat of Vasse . He was Treasurer of Western Australia in the Barnett Ministry from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 , and also held several other portfolios . From Busselton , Western Australia , and educated at the University of Western Australia , Buswell was Leader of the Opposition for several months in 2008 , before being replaced by Colin Barnett , and was then named Treasurer following the Liberal Partys victory at the 2008 state election . He resigned from the ministry in April 2010 following allegations of improper use of ministerial allowances during an extramarital affair with Greens MLA Adele Carles , the Member for Fremantle . Buswell was re-appointed to the ministry in December 2010 as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing , and regained the post of Treasurer in July 2012 . After taking several days personal leave early in the month , he resigned from Cabinet on 10 March 2014 . The Premier said that Buswell had suffered a breakdown and had received hospital treatment in Perth and a clinic in Sydney . He resigned from parliament on 3 September 2014 , citing his health as being incompatible with public life . Early life and local government career . Buswell was born in the regional city of Bunbury , Western Australia . He was educated at Busselton Senior High School and later attained a Bachelor of Economics at University of Western Australia , where in 1986 he won the W.G . Salter Memorial Prize in Economics , which is awarded annually to the top student enrolled for the degree of Bachelor of Economics . In 1992 , he became the director of Villa Carlotta Group , which provided bus tours in the Busselton region , and also became involved with the Cape Naturaliste Tourism Association . On 14 November 1992 , he married Margaret Cummins , with whom he had two sons Jacob and Samuel . He served as a councillor with the Shire of Busselton in 1995–1996 , and again in 2001–2003 , before becoming its Shire President at the 2003 local government elections . He stepped down to contest the state election for the Liberal Party in the seat of Vasse , which is centred on Busselton . Some controversy arose over his preselection as he was chosen over the sitting member , Bernie Masters , who blamed then-deputy leader Dan Sullivan for the decision , quit the party and ran for the seat as an independent . However , Buswell won the contest by 209 votes . Deputy leadership . With the unexpected resignation of Deputy Opposition Leader Paul Omodei in October 2005 , Buswell was elected by the party room to replace Omodei in the role , serving under Matt Birney . Omodei went on to successful challenge for the leadership in March 2006 , with Buswell remaining as deputy . By August 2007 , polling numbers had fallen below 14% , and media commentators speculated that Omodei would be replaced with Buswell within six months if he could not improve polling by the end of the year . However , Buswell was being investigated by the Corruption and Crime Commission over allegations that he had met former Liberal powerbroker Noel Crichton-Browne , who was working as a lobbyist in conjunction with former premier Brian Burke , in a carpark to discuss the Canal Rocks development at Smiths Beach in Yallingup while he was still mayor of Busselton . On 9 October 2007 , he was cleared by the CCC of any wrongdoing and pressure upon Omodei immediately increased . Former party leader Colin Barnett , however , dismissed its significance , claiming Buswell would lead the Liberal Party at some future point but did not yet have the experience . On 28 November 2007 , just after the 2007 federal election which saw a new Labor government under Kevin Rudd come into power , rumours of a push within the Liberal Party to install Buswell as state leader were reported in the media . Omodei , however , promised to land a good right hook on anyone asking him to stand aside , and asked for a fair go while announcing a swathe of new policies for the party . On 23 December 2007 , it was reported that Buswell was moving his family to Shenton Park in Perths inner western suburbs due to lengthy periods of time away from his family . Leader of the Opposition . On 17 January 2008 , Buswell announced he would challenge Omodeis leadership . After a spill motion carried , Omodei did not contest the ensuing leadership vote , and Buswell defeated Shadow Minister for Police and Justice Rob Johnson to become the new leader . In the following media conference , he refused to comment on allegations relating to a drunken night at parliament , where he snapped the back of a female Labor party staffers bra-strap as a party trick , and other inappropriate and sexist behaviour . On 27 April 2008 further allegations were published , these included the sniffing of a chair of a female Liberal staffer as well as claims he crawled around on his hands and knees pretending to be the staffers husband . Buswell first refused to deny the allegations , and then subsequently admitted to the act . The woman later revealed Buswell was groaning and writhing in sexual pleasure . As well as these incidents , Buswell has been accused by retiring Liberal MLA for Carine , Katie Hodson-Thomas , of making sexist remarks to her . MLA for Roe Graham Jacobs called for a leadership spill motion , which took place on 5 May 2008 , but the motion failed and Buswell remained leader . Revelations also came out of Buswell squirrel gripping ( grabbing the testicles of ) Liberal MLA Murray Cowper in parliament . Cowper did not deny the incident , saying As far as Im concerned the matters dead and its time for everyone to move on , the media included . Buswell faced a fresh crisis when it was revealed in a Corruption and Crime Commission ( CCC ) report on 10 June 2008 that a motion moved in Parliament by his staunchest backer , Shadow Minister for Road Safety John McGrath , had been provided to him by lobbyists Brian Burke and Julian Grill . Burke had written the motion on behalf of a company that sold radar detectors . The CCC report said Mr McGraths claim he was unaware of Burkes commercial interest in the issue strained credibility . Buswell backed McGrath by claiming that he had been cleared of misconduct while McGrath refused to stand down . Three days later , Buswell sacked the Shadow Police Minister Rob Johnson after Johnson said he could not serve in the Shadow Cabinet with McGrath as Shadow Minister for Road Safety . Buswell resigned as Liberal leader and leader of the opposition on 4 August 2008 . He was replaced by Colin Barnett . Government . After resigning as leader , Buswell was granted a place on the Opposition front bench as Shadow Treasurer under new leader Colin Barnett . Following the state election in September 2008 , where the incumbent Labor government was defeated and the National Party agreed to vote with the Liberal Party in the hung parliament , Buswell was named as Treasurer in Colin Barnetts new Cabinet . On 24 April 2010 , Greens MP Adele Carles publicly stated that Buswell and herself had been engaged in an affair that lasted several months . Buswell himself gave a public statement on 26 April confirming this and that he had used a ministerial car and a government credit card to pay for accommodation for himself and Carles . On 27 April , the premier demanded , and obtained , his resignation as a member of the ministry , although Buswell continued as the member for Vasse . Buswell was cleared of any misuse of public entitlements by Public Sector Commissioner Mal Wauchopes report which was tabled to state parliament by premier Colin Barnett on 23 June 2010 . The premier indicated that Buswell would not be considered for a cabinet position until the end of the year . He was re-appointed to the ministry as Minister for Transport and Minister for Housing on 14 December 2010 . Controversies . During his political career , Buswell has been involved in a number of controversies . In January 2008 , allegations arose of an incident the previous year where Buswell had snapped the elastic bra strap of a Labor staffer . Buswell later confirmed this and publicly apologised for the incident . In April 2008 , it was alleged that Buswell had sniffed the chair of a Liberal staffer , writhing in mock sexual pleasure , which he denied , and then subsequently admitted to , apologising once more . In August 2008 , Liberal backbencher Murray Cowper mentioned that Buswell grabbed him in the crotch , but that it was an incident that had been resolved between them both . In October 2009 , Buswell admitted to filing a false claim for a living away from home allowance , which he attributed to a clerical error . He later repaid the money . The following month , another travel allowance mistake was found . In April 2010 news of an extra-marital affair with Adele Carles was reported , and in the aftermath of the affair , Buswell admitted to misusing entitlements to facilitate the affair . He and Carles were subsequently cleared by the Public Sector Commissioner of misusing entitlements . In December 2010 , Buswell took up the position of Housing and Transport Minister ; three months later it was revealed that he had committed nine speeding offences in the previous three years . In December 2012 , Carles accused Buswell of having dry humped a businessman at a party in 2011 . Buswell launched a defamation case against her ; this was subsequently settled out of court with Carles issuing written apologies to the parties involved . In March 2014 , Buswell resigned from his position as Treasurer and Transport Minister due to a mental health breakdown . In May 2014 Buswell was convicted and fined for 11 motor vehicle offences whilst holding the cabinet position of Minister for Transport . These fines related to careless driving , failing to stop at a crash and failing to report an accident on the night of 22 February 2014 . From an independent eyewitness report to police on the night , it was indicated that Buswell was suffering from impaired coordination whilst driving and after returning to his Subiaco home . The fines totalled $3,100 and his drivers licence was suspended for 12 months . Following his resignation as Transport Minister , accusations of plagiarism were made against Buswell for a report into light rail . He was accused of plagiarising large sections of a report written during a taxpayer funded trip to Europe and Asia . In an interview just prior to his defeat at the 2017 election Premier Colin Barnett stated that Buswell could have succeeded him as Premier if Buswell hadnt gone off the rails . In February 2020 , Buswell was charged with six aggravated assault charges against a woman known to him and one count of unlawful damage . The alleged offences took place over four years between 2015 and 2019 . The woman was revealed to be his ex-wife Melissa Hankinson . Buswell was subsequently prosecuted on six counts of domestic violence relating to alleged assaults on Hankinson . The trial on these charges , in the Perth Magistrates Court , is expected to conclude in late May 2021 . List of portfolios . Buswell has held the following portfolios since his election in 2005 ( both shadow and government appointments are listed ) : - 9 March 2005 – 20 March 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs - 20 March 2005 – 22 May 2005 : Shadow Minister for Youth Affairs ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 22 May 2005 – 8 November 2005 : Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 8 November 2005 – 17 January 2008 : Deputy Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 17 January 2008 – 23 January 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Small Business and Industrial Relations - 23 January 2008 – 4 August 2008 : Leader of the Opposition ; Shadow Minister for Trade - 4 August 2008 – 6 September 2008 : Shadow Treasurer - 23 September 2008 – 28 April 2010 : Treasurer ; Minister for Commerce ; Minister for Science and Innovation ; Minister for Housing and Works - 14 December 2010 – 6 December 2011 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing - 6 December 2011 – 10 July 2012 : Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 10 July 2012 – 13 July 2012 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Housing ; Minister for Emergency Services - 13 July 2012 – 21 March 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Emergency Services - 21 March 2013 – 11 December 2013 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport ; Minister for Fisheries - 11 December 2013 – 10 March 2014 : Treasurer ; Minister for Transport Bibliography . - Whos Who in Australia ( 2007 ) , p . 376
|
[
"Bomber-Fighter Squadron Seventeen ( VBF-17 )"
] |
easy
|
VA-106 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what from 1945 to Nov 1946?
|
/wiki/VA-106_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#0
|
VA-106 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-106 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . Originally established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron Seventeen ( VBF-17 ) on 2 January 1945 , it was redesignated Fighter Squadron Six B ( VF-6B ) on 15 November 1946 , redesignated VF-62 on 28 July 1948 , redesignated Attack Squadron 106 ( VA-106 ) on 1 July 1955 , it was disestablished on 7 November 1969 . It was the second US Navy squadron to be designated VA-106 . Operational history . World War II . - 16–17 February 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against targets in and around the Tokyo area . - 20–22 February 1945 : Squadron aircraft participated in strikes against Iwo Jima and provided air support for the landings on the island . - 18–19 March 1945 : Major strikes were conducted by squadron aircraft against Kanoya , the largest airfield on Kyushu and against the Japanese Fleet anchored at Kure Naval Base . - March–May 1945 : The squadron conducted strikes in support of the Okinawa campaign - 7 Apr 1945 : The unit participated in the combined task force strikes against the super battleship Yamato and its accompanying escorts , resulting in the sinking of Yamato , two cruisers and three destroyers . - May 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against Kyushu and Shikoku , hitting aircraft plants and airfields . On 14 May the squadron’s commanding officer , LTCDR H . W . Nicholson , was killed in action during a strike against Kyushu . 1950s . - 26 April to 4 December 1953 , VF-62 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 4 ( CVG-4 ) aboard for a deployment to Korea and the Western Pacific . - August–November 1956 : During the Suez Crisis , was ordered to the eastern Mediterranean as tensions increased and France and the United Kingdom began preparations for military action against Egypt . Coral Sea was on station during the American evacuation of Western nationals from Egypt and Israel . - July 1959 : During the NATO exercise Riptide , held off the east coast of the United States , the squadron conducted cross-deck operations with the British carrier . 1960s . - 15–28 November 1960 : The squadron operated from as part of the patrol force off the coast of Guatemala and Nicaragua to prevent infiltration by communists from Cuba . - 2–19 June 1961 : Following the assassination of dictator General Rafael Trujillo , the squadron operated from USS Shangri-La off the coast of the Dominican Republic . - 22 October–28 November 1962 : During the Cuban Missile Crisis the squadron was temporary assigned ( TAD ) to the U.S . Air Force’s Nineteenth Air Force , in an alert status aboard the USS Lexington ( CV-16 ) as the USS Shangri-La was in the New York Navy Yard . - May 1963 : The squadron operated from USS Shangri-La in the Caribbean during the period of unrest in Haiti and the Dominican Republic . Vietnam War . - 6 June-15 September 1967 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Seventeen ( CVW-17 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment - 29 Jul 1967 : In the USS Forrestal fire the squadron suffered 10 killed and 62 injured . - 4 June 1968 – 8 February 1969 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Ten ( CVW-10 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment . Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Agana -2 January 1945 - NAS Alameda - 8 July 1945 - NAAS Fallon - September 1945 - NAS Brunswick - February 1946 - NAS Norfolk - 1946 - NAS Oceana - 25 September 1948 - NAS Norfolk - 22 November 1948 - NAS Oceana - 20 January 1949 - NAS Cecil Field - 18 September 1950 - NAS Jacksonville - 13 October 1952 - NAS Cecil Field - December 1954 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-5 Hellcat - January 1945 - F4U Corsair - September 1945 - F4U-4 - February 1946 - F8F-2 - 30 June 1948 - F8F-1B - February 1950 - F2H-2 Banshee - 3 August 1950 - F9F-8B Cougar - October 1955 - A4D-2 Skyhawk - 4 June 1958 - A-4C - 18 December 1962 - A-4E - November 1966 - A-4B February 1969 - A-4C March 1969
|
[
"Fighter Squadron Six B ( VF-6B )"
] |
easy
|
VA-106 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what from Nov 1946 to Jul 1948?
|
/wiki/VA-106_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#1
|
VA-106 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-106 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . Originally established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron Seventeen ( VBF-17 ) on 2 January 1945 , it was redesignated Fighter Squadron Six B ( VF-6B ) on 15 November 1946 , redesignated VF-62 on 28 July 1948 , redesignated Attack Squadron 106 ( VA-106 ) on 1 July 1955 , it was disestablished on 7 November 1969 . It was the second US Navy squadron to be designated VA-106 . Operational history . World War II . - 16–17 February 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against targets in and around the Tokyo area . - 20–22 February 1945 : Squadron aircraft participated in strikes against Iwo Jima and provided air support for the landings on the island . - 18–19 March 1945 : Major strikes were conducted by squadron aircraft against Kanoya , the largest airfield on Kyushu and against the Japanese Fleet anchored at Kure Naval Base . - March–May 1945 : The squadron conducted strikes in support of the Okinawa campaign - 7 Apr 1945 : The unit participated in the combined task force strikes against the super battleship Yamato and its accompanying escorts , resulting in the sinking of Yamato , two cruisers and three destroyers . - May 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against Kyushu and Shikoku , hitting aircraft plants and airfields . On 14 May the squadron’s commanding officer , LTCDR H . W . Nicholson , was killed in action during a strike against Kyushu . 1950s . - 26 April to 4 December 1953 , VF-62 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 4 ( CVG-4 ) aboard for a deployment to Korea and the Western Pacific . - August–November 1956 : During the Suez Crisis , was ordered to the eastern Mediterranean as tensions increased and France and the United Kingdom began preparations for military action against Egypt . Coral Sea was on station during the American evacuation of Western nationals from Egypt and Israel . - July 1959 : During the NATO exercise Riptide , held off the east coast of the United States , the squadron conducted cross-deck operations with the British carrier . 1960s . - 15–28 November 1960 : The squadron operated from as part of the patrol force off the coast of Guatemala and Nicaragua to prevent infiltration by communists from Cuba . - 2–19 June 1961 : Following the assassination of dictator General Rafael Trujillo , the squadron operated from USS Shangri-La off the coast of the Dominican Republic . - 22 October–28 November 1962 : During the Cuban Missile Crisis the squadron was temporary assigned ( TAD ) to the U.S . Air Force’s Nineteenth Air Force , in an alert status aboard the USS Lexington ( CV-16 ) as the USS Shangri-La was in the New York Navy Yard . - May 1963 : The squadron operated from USS Shangri-La in the Caribbean during the period of unrest in Haiti and the Dominican Republic . Vietnam War . - 6 June-15 September 1967 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Seventeen ( CVW-17 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment - 29 Jul 1967 : In the USS Forrestal fire the squadron suffered 10 killed and 62 injured . - 4 June 1968 – 8 February 1969 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Ten ( CVW-10 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment . Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Agana -2 January 1945 - NAS Alameda - 8 July 1945 - NAAS Fallon - September 1945 - NAS Brunswick - February 1946 - NAS Norfolk - 1946 - NAS Oceana - 25 September 1948 - NAS Norfolk - 22 November 1948 - NAS Oceana - 20 January 1949 - NAS Cecil Field - 18 September 1950 - NAS Jacksonville - 13 October 1952 - NAS Cecil Field - December 1954 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-5 Hellcat - January 1945 - F4U Corsair - September 1945 - F4U-4 - February 1946 - F8F-2 - 30 June 1948 - F8F-1B - February 1950 - F2H-2 Banshee - 3 August 1950 - F9F-8B Cougar - October 1955 - A4D-2 Skyhawk - 4 June 1958 - A-4C - 18 December 1962 - A-4E - November 1966 - A-4B February 1969 - A-4C March 1969
|
[
"VF-62"
] |
easy
|
What was the official name of VA-106 (U.S. Navy) from Jul 1948 to Jul 1955?
|
/wiki/VA-106_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#2
|
VA-106 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-106 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . Originally established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron Seventeen ( VBF-17 ) on 2 January 1945 , it was redesignated Fighter Squadron Six B ( VF-6B ) on 15 November 1946 , redesignated VF-62 on 28 July 1948 , redesignated Attack Squadron 106 ( VA-106 ) on 1 July 1955 , it was disestablished on 7 November 1969 . It was the second US Navy squadron to be designated VA-106 . Operational history . World War II . - 16–17 February 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against targets in and around the Tokyo area . - 20–22 February 1945 : Squadron aircraft participated in strikes against Iwo Jima and provided air support for the landings on the island . - 18–19 March 1945 : Major strikes were conducted by squadron aircraft against Kanoya , the largest airfield on Kyushu and against the Japanese Fleet anchored at Kure Naval Base . - March–May 1945 : The squadron conducted strikes in support of the Okinawa campaign - 7 Apr 1945 : The unit participated in the combined task force strikes against the super battleship Yamato and its accompanying escorts , resulting in the sinking of Yamato , two cruisers and three destroyers . - May 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against Kyushu and Shikoku , hitting aircraft plants and airfields . On 14 May the squadron’s commanding officer , LTCDR H . W . Nicholson , was killed in action during a strike against Kyushu . 1950s . - 26 April to 4 December 1953 , VF-62 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 4 ( CVG-4 ) aboard for a deployment to Korea and the Western Pacific . - August–November 1956 : During the Suez Crisis , was ordered to the eastern Mediterranean as tensions increased and France and the United Kingdom began preparations for military action against Egypt . Coral Sea was on station during the American evacuation of Western nationals from Egypt and Israel . - July 1959 : During the NATO exercise Riptide , held off the east coast of the United States , the squadron conducted cross-deck operations with the British carrier . 1960s . - 15–28 November 1960 : The squadron operated from as part of the patrol force off the coast of Guatemala and Nicaragua to prevent infiltration by communists from Cuba . - 2–19 June 1961 : Following the assassination of dictator General Rafael Trujillo , the squadron operated from USS Shangri-La off the coast of the Dominican Republic . - 22 October–28 November 1962 : During the Cuban Missile Crisis the squadron was temporary assigned ( TAD ) to the U.S . Air Force’s Nineteenth Air Force , in an alert status aboard the USS Lexington ( CV-16 ) as the USS Shangri-La was in the New York Navy Yard . - May 1963 : The squadron operated from USS Shangri-La in the Caribbean during the period of unrest in Haiti and the Dominican Republic . Vietnam War . - 6 June-15 September 1967 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Seventeen ( CVW-17 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment - 29 Jul 1967 : In the USS Forrestal fire the squadron suffered 10 killed and 62 injured . - 4 June 1968 – 8 February 1969 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Ten ( CVW-10 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment . Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Agana -2 January 1945 - NAS Alameda - 8 July 1945 - NAAS Fallon - September 1945 - NAS Brunswick - February 1946 - NAS Norfolk - 1946 - NAS Oceana - 25 September 1948 - NAS Norfolk - 22 November 1948 - NAS Oceana - 20 January 1949 - NAS Cecil Field - 18 September 1950 - NAS Jacksonville - 13 October 1952 - NAS Cecil Field - December 1954 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-5 Hellcat - January 1945 - F4U Corsair - September 1945 - F4U-4 - February 1946 - F8F-2 - 30 June 1948 - F8F-1B - February 1950 - F2H-2 Banshee - 3 August 1950 - F9F-8B Cougar - October 1955 - A4D-2 Skyhawk - 4 June 1958 - A-4C - 18 December 1962 - A-4E - November 1966 - A-4B February 1969 - A-4C March 1969
|
[
"Attack Squadron 106 ( VA-106 )"
] |
easy
|
VA-106 (U.S. Navy) was officially named what from Jul 1955 to Nov 1969?
|
/wiki/VA-106_(U.S._Navy)#P1448#3
|
VA-106 ( U.S . Navy ) VA-106 was an Attack Squadron of the U.S . Navy . Originally established as Bomber-Fighter Squadron Seventeen ( VBF-17 ) on 2 January 1945 , it was redesignated Fighter Squadron Six B ( VF-6B ) on 15 November 1946 , redesignated VF-62 on 28 July 1948 , redesignated Attack Squadron 106 ( VA-106 ) on 1 July 1955 , it was disestablished on 7 November 1969 . It was the second US Navy squadron to be designated VA-106 . Operational history . World War II . - 16–17 February 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against targets in and around the Tokyo area . - 20–22 February 1945 : Squadron aircraft participated in strikes against Iwo Jima and provided air support for the landings on the island . - 18–19 March 1945 : Major strikes were conducted by squadron aircraft against Kanoya , the largest airfield on Kyushu and against the Japanese Fleet anchored at Kure Naval Base . - March–May 1945 : The squadron conducted strikes in support of the Okinawa campaign - 7 Apr 1945 : The unit participated in the combined task force strikes against the super battleship Yamato and its accompanying escorts , resulting in the sinking of Yamato , two cruisers and three destroyers . - May 1945 : The squadron participated in strikes against Kyushu and Shikoku , hitting aircraft plants and airfields . On 14 May the squadron’s commanding officer , LTCDR H . W . Nicholson , was killed in action during a strike against Kyushu . 1950s . - 26 April to 4 December 1953 , VF-62 was assigned to Carrier Air Group 4 ( CVG-4 ) aboard for a deployment to Korea and the Western Pacific . - August–November 1956 : During the Suez Crisis , was ordered to the eastern Mediterranean as tensions increased and France and the United Kingdom began preparations for military action against Egypt . Coral Sea was on station during the American evacuation of Western nationals from Egypt and Israel . - July 1959 : During the NATO exercise Riptide , held off the east coast of the United States , the squadron conducted cross-deck operations with the British carrier . 1960s . - 15–28 November 1960 : The squadron operated from as part of the patrol force off the coast of Guatemala and Nicaragua to prevent infiltration by communists from Cuba . - 2–19 June 1961 : Following the assassination of dictator General Rafael Trujillo , the squadron operated from USS Shangri-La off the coast of the Dominican Republic . - 22 October–28 November 1962 : During the Cuban Missile Crisis the squadron was temporary assigned ( TAD ) to the U.S . Air Force’s Nineteenth Air Force , in an alert status aboard the USS Lexington ( CV-16 ) as the USS Shangri-La was in the New York Navy Yard . - May 1963 : The squadron operated from USS Shangri-La in the Caribbean during the period of unrest in Haiti and the Dominican Republic . Vietnam War . - 6 June-15 September 1967 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Seventeen ( CVW-17 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment - 29 Jul 1967 : In the USS Forrestal fire the squadron suffered 10 killed and 62 injured . - 4 June 1968 – 8 February 1969 , the squadron was assigned to Attack Carrier Air Wing Ten ( CVW-10 ) embarked on for a Vietnam deployment . Home port assignments . The squadron was assigned to these home ports , effective on the dates shown : - NAS Agana -2 January 1945 - NAS Alameda - 8 July 1945 - NAAS Fallon - September 1945 - NAS Brunswick - February 1946 - NAS Norfolk - 1946 - NAS Oceana - 25 September 1948 - NAS Norfolk - 22 November 1948 - NAS Oceana - 20 January 1949 - NAS Cecil Field - 18 September 1950 - NAS Jacksonville - 13 October 1952 - NAS Cecil Field - December 1954 Aircraft Assignment . The squadron first received the following aircraft on the dates shown : - F6F-5 Hellcat - January 1945 - F4U Corsair - September 1945 - F4U-4 - February 1946 - F8F-2 - 30 June 1948 - F8F-1B - February 1950 - F2H-2 Banshee - 3 August 1950 - F9F-8B Cougar - October 1955 - A4D-2 Skyhawk - 4 June 1958 - A-4C - 18 December 1962 - A-4E - November 1966 - A-4B February 1969 - A-4C March 1969
|
[
"Venice"
] |
easy
|
Where did Elinor Mead Howells live from 1861 to 1865?
|
/wiki/Elinor_Mead_Howells#P551#0
|
Elinor Mead Howells Elinor Mead Howells ( May 1 , 1837 – May 6 , 1910 ) was an American artist , architect and aristocrat . She was married to author William Dean Howells and designed the William Dean Howells House in Cambridge . Early life and family . Elinor Gertrude Mead was born on May 1 , 1837 in Chesterfield , New Hampshire to Mary Jane Noyes and Larkin Goldsmith Mead . Her family was part of the intellectual and social aristocracy of New England . Her brothers were sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead ( born 1835 ) and architect William Rutherford Mead ( born 1846 ) . Future President Rutherford B . Hayes was her cousin and Oneida Community founder John Humphrey Noyes was her uncle . She graduated from Brattleboro High School in Brattleboro , Vermont . During the winter of 1860 , Mead travelled to Columbus to stay with Laura Platt , a niece of Hayes . She met author William Dean Howells there . She went to London with her brother with the intent of marrying William . After learning that a weeks residence would be required , the pair travelled to Paris where they married on December 24 , 1862 . Their children were Winifred ( b . 1863 ) , architect John Mead Howells ( b . 1868 ) , and Mildred ( b . 1872 ) . William Howells held a consulship in Venice from 1861 to 1865 and the couple lived there . The Howells moved to Cambridge , Massachusetts in 1866 and lived in a house a few blocks north of Harvard University . William Dean Howells House and travels . Elinor Howells was the architect and interior designer for the William Dean Howells House located at 37 Concord Avenue . Their family moved into the home on July 7 , 1873 . Howells and her husband agreed it was the prettiest house in Cambridge and intended to live there for the rest of their lives . Following her husbands success as a writer , authors including Samuel Langhorne Clemens , Henry James , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , James Russell Lowell , Bret Harte , and Thomas Bailey Aldrich visited their home , as did President James Garfield . Elinor Howells judgments on fiction were respected by her husband and his circle . She saw both Samuel Clemens and Henry James frequently , corresponding often with Clemens as well as Susan Warner , the spouse of essayist Charles Dudley Warner . The Howells family left Cambridge in 1878 and moved to Redtop in Belmont , Massachusetts . They travelled to Europe in 1882 and relocated frequently thereafter . By 1900 , they had purchased a home near Gloucester , Massachusetts . Death and legacy . Howells had lifelong health problems . In February 1910 , she began using morphine to treat her worsening neuritis . She died on May 6 , 1910 in New York . Around 200 of Elinor Howells letters are extant . The 1988 book If Not Literature : Letters of Elinor Mead Howells includes 130 of her letters . External links . - Howells family . Howells family papers , 1850-1954 . Houghton Library , Harvard College Library .
|
[
"Cambridge , Massachusetts"
] |
easy
|
What was the residence of Elinor Mead Howells from 1866 to Jul 1873?
|
/wiki/Elinor_Mead_Howells#P551#1
|
Elinor Mead Howells Elinor Mead Howells ( May 1 , 1837 – May 6 , 1910 ) was an American artist , architect and aristocrat . She was married to author William Dean Howells and designed the William Dean Howells House in Cambridge . Early life and family . Elinor Gertrude Mead was born on May 1 , 1837 in Chesterfield , New Hampshire to Mary Jane Noyes and Larkin Goldsmith Mead . Her family was part of the intellectual and social aristocracy of New England . Her brothers were sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead ( born 1835 ) and architect William Rutherford Mead ( born 1846 ) . Future President Rutherford B . Hayes was her cousin and Oneida Community founder John Humphrey Noyes was her uncle . She graduated from Brattleboro High School in Brattleboro , Vermont . During the winter of 1860 , Mead travelled to Columbus to stay with Laura Platt , a niece of Hayes . She met author William Dean Howells there . She went to London with her brother with the intent of marrying William . After learning that a weeks residence would be required , the pair travelled to Paris where they married on December 24 , 1862 . Their children were Winifred ( b . 1863 ) , architect John Mead Howells ( b . 1868 ) , and Mildred ( b . 1872 ) . William Howells held a consulship in Venice from 1861 to 1865 and the couple lived there . The Howells moved to Cambridge , Massachusetts in 1866 and lived in a house a few blocks north of Harvard University . William Dean Howells House and travels . Elinor Howells was the architect and interior designer for the William Dean Howells House located at 37 Concord Avenue . Their family moved into the home on July 7 , 1873 . Howells and her husband agreed it was the prettiest house in Cambridge and intended to live there for the rest of their lives . Following her husbands success as a writer , authors including Samuel Langhorne Clemens , Henry James , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , James Russell Lowell , Bret Harte , and Thomas Bailey Aldrich visited their home , as did President James Garfield . Elinor Howells judgments on fiction were respected by her husband and his circle . She saw both Samuel Clemens and Henry James frequently , corresponding often with Clemens as well as Susan Warner , the spouse of essayist Charles Dudley Warner . The Howells family left Cambridge in 1878 and moved to Redtop in Belmont , Massachusetts . They travelled to Europe in 1882 and relocated frequently thereafter . By 1900 , they had purchased a home near Gloucester , Massachusetts . Death and legacy . Howells had lifelong health problems . In February 1910 , she began using morphine to treat her worsening neuritis . She died on May 6 , 1910 in New York . Around 200 of Elinor Howells letters are extant . The 1988 book If Not Literature : Letters of Elinor Mead Howells includes 130 of her letters . External links . - Howells family . Howells family papers , 1850-1954 . Houghton Library , Harvard College Library .
|
[
"William Dean Howells House"
] |
easy
|
Where did Elinor Mead Howells live from Jul 1873 to 1878?
|
/wiki/Elinor_Mead_Howells#P551#2
|
Elinor Mead Howells Elinor Mead Howells ( May 1 , 1837 – May 6 , 1910 ) was an American artist , architect and aristocrat . She was married to author William Dean Howells and designed the William Dean Howells House in Cambridge . Early life and family . Elinor Gertrude Mead was born on May 1 , 1837 in Chesterfield , New Hampshire to Mary Jane Noyes and Larkin Goldsmith Mead . Her family was part of the intellectual and social aristocracy of New England . Her brothers were sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead ( born 1835 ) and architect William Rutherford Mead ( born 1846 ) . Future President Rutherford B . Hayes was her cousin and Oneida Community founder John Humphrey Noyes was her uncle . She graduated from Brattleboro High School in Brattleboro , Vermont . During the winter of 1860 , Mead travelled to Columbus to stay with Laura Platt , a niece of Hayes . She met author William Dean Howells there . She went to London with her brother with the intent of marrying William . After learning that a weeks residence would be required , the pair travelled to Paris where they married on December 24 , 1862 . Their children were Winifred ( b . 1863 ) , architect John Mead Howells ( b . 1868 ) , and Mildred ( b . 1872 ) . William Howells held a consulship in Venice from 1861 to 1865 and the couple lived there . The Howells moved to Cambridge , Massachusetts in 1866 and lived in a house a few blocks north of Harvard University . William Dean Howells House and travels . Elinor Howells was the architect and interior designer for the William Dean Howells House located at 37 Concord Avenue . Their family moved into the home on July 7 , 1873 . Howells and her husband agreed it was the prettiest house in Cambridge and intended to live there for the rest of their lives . Following her husbands success as a writer , authors including Samuel Langhorne Clemens , Henry James , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , James Russell Lowell , Bret Harte , and Thomas Bailey Aldrich visited their home , as did President James Garfield . Elinor Howells judgments on fiction were respected by her husband and his circle . She saw both Samuel Clemens and Henry James frequently , corresponding often with Clemens as well as Susan Warner , the spouse of essayist Charles Dudley Warner . The Howells family left Cambridge in 1878 and moved to Redtop in Belmont , Massachusetts . They travelled to Europe in 1882 and relocated frequently thereafter . By 1900 , they had purchased a home near Gloucester , Massachusetts . Death and legacy . Howells had lifelong health problems . In February 1910 , she began using morphine to treat her worsening neuritis . She died on May 6 , 1910 in New York . Around 200 of Elinor Howells letters are extant . The 1988 book If Not Literature : Letters of Elinor Mead Howells includes 130 of her letters . External links . - Howells family . Howells family papers , 1850-1954 . Houghton Library , Harvard College Library .
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
What was the residence of Elinor Mead Howells from 1878 to 1901?
|
/wiki/Elinor_Mead_Howells#P551#3
|
Elinor Mead Howells Elinor Mead Howells ( May 1 , 1837 – May 6 , 1910 ) was an American artist , architect and aristocrat . She was married to author William Dean Howells and designed the William Dean Howells House in Cambridge . Early life and family . Elinor Gertrude Mead was born on May 1 , 1837 in Chesterfield , New Hampshire to Mary Jane Noyes and Larkin Goldsmith Mead . Her family was part of the intellectual and social aristocracy of New England . Her brothers were sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead ( born 1835 ) and architect William Rutherford Mead ( born 1846 ) . Future President Rutherford B . Hayes was her cousin and Oneida Community founder John Humphrey Noyes was her uncle . She graduated from Brattleboro High School in Brattleboro , Vermont . During the winter of 1860 , Mead travelled to Columbus to stay with Laura Platt , a niece of Hayes . She met author William Dean Howells there . She went to London with her brother with the intent of marrying William . After learning that a weeks residence would be required , the pair travelled to Paris where they married on December 24 , 1862 . Their children were Winifred ( b . 1863 ) , architect John Mead Howells ( b . 1868 ) , and Mildred ( b . 1872 ) . William Howells held a consulship in Venice from 1861 to 1865 and the couple lived there . The Howells moved to Cambridge , Massachusetts in 1866 and lived in a house a few blocks north of Harvard University . William Dean Howells House and travels . Elinor Howells was the architect and interior designer for the William Dean Howells House located at 37 Concord Avenue . Their family moved into the home on July 7 , 1873 . Howells and her husband agreed it was the prettiest house in Cambridge and intended to live there for the rest of their lives . Following her husbands success as a writer , authors including Samuel Langhorne Clemens , Henry James , Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , James Russell Lowell , Bret Harte , and Thomas Bailey Aldrich visited their home , as did President James Garfield . Elinor Howells judgments on fiction were respected by her husband and his circle . She saw both Samuel Clemens and Henry James frequently , corresponding often with Clemens as well as Susan Warner , the spouse of essayist Charles Dudley Warner . The Howells family left Cambridge in 1878 and moved to Redtop in Belmont , Massachusetts . They travelled to Europe in 1882 and relocated frequently thereafter . By 1900 , they had purchased a home near Gloucester , Massachusetts . Death and legacy . Howells had lifelong health problems . In February 1910 , she began using morphine to treat her worsening neuritis . She died on May 6 , 1910 in New York . Around 200 of Elinor Howells letters are extant . The 1988 book If Not Literature : Letters of Elinor Mead Howells includes 130 of her letters . External links . - Howells family . Howells family papers , 1850-1954 . Houghton Library , Harvard College Library .
|
[
"Justus Lipsius building"
] |
easy
|
Entropa took place in which location from 2009 to May 2009?
|
/wiki/Entropa#P276#0
|
Entropa Entropa is a sculpture by Czech artist David Černý . The project was commissioned by the Czech Republic to mark the occasion of its presidency of the Council of the European Union , and was originally designed as a collaboration for 27 artists and artist groups from all member countries of the European Union . However , as a hoax , Černý and three of his assistants created a satirical and controversial piece that depicted pointed stereotypes of the EU member nations . Fake artist profiles were also created by Černý and his accomplices , complete with invented descriptions of their supposed contributions . The sculpture was unveiled informally on 12 January 2009 , followed by its official media launch date three days later . The sculpture was originally on display in the Justus Lipsius building in Brussels . Between September 2010 and March 2012 , the sculpture was on exhibit at the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň . A copy of the sculpture has also been planned for the Nová Scéna cafe in the National Theatre in Prague . Background . The Council of the European Union adheres to a rotational presidency system , whereby the governments of member countries exchange leadership every six months . It is customary for the presiding country to place an exhibit in the Justus Lipsius building , with past works avoiding controversy . For example , France , which had held the presidency before the Czech Republic , simply erected a large balloon in the French national colours in honor of the tradition . Theme . Entropa is an ironic jab at the issue of European integration and the stereotypes associated with each country within the European Union . It is subtitled Stereotypes are barriers to be demolished , along with the Czech European Union Presidencys motto of Europe without barriers . According to David Černý , the sculptures primary artist , Entropa lampoons the socially activist art that balances on the verge between would-be controversial attacks on national character and undisturbing decoration of an official space . In an interview with The Times , Černý stated that the sculpture was influenced by the Monty Python brand of humour . At the launch ceremony , he added Sacha Baron Cohen and Les Guignols de linfos portrayal of Nicolas Sarkozy as other influences . The work is made of glass-reinforced plastic and the joints of steel . It covers approximately , measuring high and wide . Three-quarters of the weight comes from the frame , making up a combined total of 8 tonnes . It resembles the parts of a model kit , containing pieces in the shapes of the 27 member states of the EU . Each piece has a distinctive theme that portrays stereotypes about the country , some of which are portrayed in a particularly provocative manner . Among the pieces which have attracted the most attention are those of Bulgaria , Denmark , Germany , Poland and Slovakia . The sculpture was installed between 5 and 11 January 2009 in the presence of David Černý , three assistants , four climbers , two technicians , two cameramen and a representative of the Czech Permanent Representation to the EU . Nations included in the sculpture . With no clear indication made by the artist nor by the official presentation , various interpretations of a single country can be drawn , and this list is by no means definite . Some of the physical pieces differ slightly from the form presented in the official booklet : - Austria , a known opponent of atomic energy , is depicted as a green field dominated by nuclear power plant cooling towers with vapour coming out of them at intervals . - Belgium is presented as a box of half-eaten Praline chocolates with the pattern of Brussels waffles . - Bulgaria is depicted by a series of connected Turkish squat toilets with neon lights connecting and illuminating them . This piece of the sculpture was later hidden with fabric . - Cyprus is cut in half . - The Czech Republics own piece is an LED display , which flashes controversial quotations by Czech President Václav Klaus . - Denmark is depicted as being built out of Lego bricks , and some claim to see in the depiction a face reminiscent of the cartoon controversy , though the resemblance has been denied by Černý . - Estonia is presented with power tools resembling a hammer and sickle , citing the countrys consideration of a ban on Communist symbols . - Finland is depicted as a wooden floor including a male with a rifle lying down , imagining an elephant , a hippo and a crocodile . - France is draped in a ( STRIKE! ) banner . - Germany is a series of interlocking autobahns with cars moving about on them , described as somewhat resembling a swastika , though the statement is not universally accepted . Some Czech military historians also suggest that the autobahns resemble the number 18 , which some Neo-nazi groups use as code for A.H. , the initials of Adolf Hitler . - Greece is depicted as a forest that has been entirely burned , possibly representing the 2007 Greek forest fires or the 2008 civil unrest in Greece . - Hungary features an Atomium consisting of watermelons and Hungarian sausages , based on a floor of peppers . - Ireland is depicted as a brown bog with bagpipes protruding from Northern Ireland . The bagpipes also play music in five-minute intervals . - Italy is depicted as a football pitch with several players who appear to be masturbating , possibly indicating what some see as the countrys fetish for football . - Latvia is shown as covered with mountains , in contrast to its actual flat landscape . - Lithuania includes a series of dressed Manneken Pis-style figures urinating , with the streams of urine being illuminated by yellow glass fibres . - Luxembourg is displayed as a gold nugget with a For Sale sign . - Malta is depicted as a tiny island with a prehistoric dwarf elephant , as well as a magnifying glass in front of the elephant . - The Netherlands is depicted as having disappeared under the sea with only several minarets still visible . - Poland has a piece with priests erecting the rainbow flag of the gay rights movement on a field of potatoes in the style of the famous photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima . - Portugal is shown as a wooden cutting board with three pieces of meat in the shape of its former colonies of Brazil , Angola , and Mozambique . - Romania is a Dracula-style theme park , which is set up to blink and emit ghostly sounds at intervals . - Slovakia is depicted as a Hungarian sausage ( or a human body wrapped in Hungarian tricolor ) being strangled by a string . - Slovenia is shown as a rock engraved with the words First Tourists Came Here , 1213 . - Spain is covered entirely in concrete , with a concrete mixer situated in the north-east . - Sweden , unlike the other pieces in the sculpture , does not have an outline , but is instead represented as a large IKEA-style self-assembly furniture box containing Gripen fighter planes ( as supplied to the Czech Air Force ) . - The United Kingdom , known for its Euroscepticism and relative isolation from Europe , is included as a missing piece ( an empty space ) at the top-left of the sculpture . Reaction . Entropa has inspired debate in Europe since the day of its first unveiling . Various commentators have noted that this is probably the first such exhibition in the history of art displays on behalf of the rotary Presidency of the EU Council that has been controversial in nature , contrasted by the fact that such pieces usually go by unnoticed . The work drew what has been described by one reporter as a never-before-seen crowd . It has been praised by some viewers for being hilarious and for inspiring discussion about art , but has angered and offended others . In June 2009 , David Černý himself said that he expected completely different reactions than those described below . In his opinion , Bulgaria doesnt even make it to the top three of the most provocative countries caricatured by Entropa . The most provocative country is Poland , with the reference to gays . It is followed by the UK ( missing ) and Slovakia that , according to Mr Černý , is a bubble restricted by Hungary . Political controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the day after the exhibit was informally unveiled , Bulgarias ambassador to the EU registered the countrys protest with the European Commission , and sent a formal protest note to the Czech government . Bulgarias depiction in the sculpture , as a series of squat toilets , is one of the most provocative , and after the informal unveiling of Entropa , the Bulgarian government demanded that the sculpture be taken down before its official launching . This action was never taken , but after continuing complaints , the Bulgarian depiction was covered with black fabric on 20 January 2009 . Individuals outside the government , as well , expressed outrage about the portrayal : Bulgarian news portal News.bg commented that the countrys deputy was obviously interpreting [ the exhibits ] idea as an insult attempt . A number of non-government organizations , including Polish Indeks 73 , were opposed to covering part of the work and initiated online petitions . Jan Vytopil , the man in charge of cultural events during the Czech EU Presidency , has defended the exhibit , arguing that the presence of a squat toilet Bulgaria in the presence of the other patently absurd depictions made it clear that the piece seeks to demolish stereotypes rather than cause controversy . Czech Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra also frequently stressed that the government committee which authorized the piece wanted to avoid censorship : On 14 January 2009 , the Slovak National Party called on Foreign Affairs Minister Ján Kubiš to demand the removal of the sculpture , calling it an offence to the Slovak nation . On 15 January 2009 , Kubiš complied and lodged a formal protest , but did not demand the removal of the sculpture . Given the controversial nature of the portrayals of other countries , Czech diplomats expected protests from other countries as well . However , these had yet to materialize . In fact , the public in Poland appeared to be largely in favour of Polands portrayal , with 64% considering it spot on and only 13% thinking it an insult to Polish people , according to an online poll by news portal TVN24 . Ole Molesby , the Danish Ambassador to the Czech Republic , stated that he did not expect the Mohammed caricature protests to begin anew , and that Denmark did not intend to complain . Černý denied that the similarity was intentional . Authorship controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the authorship of Entropa came into question . Officially , the artwork was to have been an international collaboration between David Černý and artists from the other 26 EU countries . However , on that day , Alexandr Vondra announced the work was probably created by a smaller group of people , explaining that Černý did not inform him about this until the evening before . The original news article in Lidové noviny pointed out that some of the artists names did not seem to exist in their countries citizen records and had no Internet footprint . Černý himself admitted on 13 January that the artists names had been fabricated . The official booklet provided summaries of past expositions for most of the alleged authors , some of which matched those of known artists . For example , Austrias Sabrina Unterberger had a résumé that apparently belonged to Ernst Logar . Many of these artists had their own websites ( designed by Tomáš Pospiszyl , Krištof Kintera and Libor Svoboda ) , but the contact information listed was false ( other than the e-mail addresses , which were functional ) . Lidové noviny originally listed Belgium , Germany , Greece , Ireland , and the UK as countries for which fictitious artists identities were given . These specific claims were later retracted and replaced by general charges that some of the names in the booklet are non-existent , their résumés erroneous , or that the artists denied knowing David Černý or having cooperated with him . On the evening of 13 January 2009 , Černý officially admitted that the piece was actually created entirely by him and two friends , and that all the officially supplied artists identities had been fabricated . In a prepared statement , Černý offered an apology to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , and the Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for deceiving them , stating he did not want them to be responsible for his fabulations . The statement went on to point out : We knew the truth would come out . But before that we wanted to find out if Europe is able to laugh at itself . The names of Černýs collaborators were given as Tomáš Pospiszyl and Krištof Kintera . The authors maintained that a larger international team of people was involved in the projects execution . They explained that they originally wanted to contact artists from all 27 member countries of the EU , but failed due to limited time and financing . Alexandr Vondra responded with an official statement expressing his disappointment and stressed that Černý would bear responsibility for deceiving the government . Due to the sculptures potential for controversy , the point that each countrys piece was designed by an artist from that country was strongly stressed by the Czech government . According to Lidové noviny , Czech Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra remarked : The fact remains that we have provided a platform for free artistic expression and that is how Entropa must be viewed . But , had I known the circumstances were different than we had thought for a year and a half , I would not have authorized it . Vondra attempted to distance the Czech government from Černýs work early on , saying,It is a piece of art—nothing else.. . If Europe is not strong enough to look at this , it would be a tragedy . It is Europe through the eyes of 27 artists . It is not Europe through the eyes of the Czech presidency . Fraud accusation . The sculpture reportedly cost 12 million CZK to make , of which 10 million was contributed by New World Resources , a Dutch mining company which owns OKD in the Czech Republic , and 2 million CZK was paid by the Czech government , which has subsequently leased the work for an additional 1.2 million CZK until the end of June . After the fabrication came to light , Černý was accused of misappropriating state funds . He responded that the money was not used at all , since the artists knew they would deviate from the stated project , and would be returned . Response by authors . Černý originally stated that he meant for the sculpture to be amusing , saying , Irony is about making fun . It is not meant to offend anybody , and later issuing an official statement saying , We wanted to see if Europe is able to laugh at itself . On 15 January , Černý reflected on the hostile reception of Entropa : I certainly dont feel like a winner . Thats how Id feel if there were a few shocked Brusselian bureaucrats walking around the piece , shaking their heads , thinking about what those Czechs have done here . We expected this to be treated as a joke , a happening , a nice installation , nothing else . That we are already discussing the removal of some parts doesnt seem like a tremendous success to me . Id be much happier if it remained whole . The authors defended their choice to use false names in creating the sculpture by stating the deception was part of the art : Grotesque exaggeration and mystification is a hallmark of Czech culture , and creating false identities is one of the strategies of contemporary art . Černý has also said that making this sculpture in this way was more fun . Later , however , the artists apologized for the deception , saying , We apologize to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , Minister Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for not informing them about the true state of things and thus deceiving them . Krištof Kintera , one of the true co-authors of the sculpture , said in an interview that the mystification was supposed to last longer , but that it was untenable—both ethically , as the artists didnt want to cause more trouble for Czech diplomacy , and practically , as they couldnt keep answering e-mails using the fabricated artists identities . Kintera also commented that the sculpture revealed a divide between Western and Eastern Europe : We didnt want to defame anyone ; advanced European democracies are used to many things , but the East still strives to promote itself in a positive light , so its not as well attuned to this . Fate of the sculpture . After the true authorship of the sculpture came to light , Alexandr Vondra stated its continued display was under review because Černý had violated the governments specifications of the project , which , in line with Černýs original description , called for an international collaboration of artists . On 14 January 2009 , the official Entropa presentation page was withdrawn from the Czech presidencys website . Nevertheless , the sculpture was ceremonially launched on 15 January 2009 . Alexandr Vondra again defended the piece , saying , we consider Entropa to be art , nothing more and nothing else . During the ceremony , David Černý again apologized to the Czech government and expressed regret that the sculpture was considered offensive . He said the offending pieces would be removed if officials cannot be persuaded about the authors intentions . Removal . On 23 April 2009 , Černýs intention to remove the sculpture prematurely on 10 May was published , which he presented as a protest against the way in which Topoláneks government had been deposed and against the prepared Fischers cabinet , which was eventually installed on 8 May . The removal of the sculpture began on 11 May . Černý himself was not present , although he had earlier suggested the contrary . A crew he sent there dismantled the sculpture and on Thursday , 14 May loaded its parts into three trucks , which had to come one by one because of limitations of the Justus Lipsius building . Afterwards , the pieces were transported by road to Prague . The sculpture was set up again in the Centre of Contemporary Art DOX in Prague-Holešovice and inaugurated on 11 June 2009 , in presence of guests , including former Czech president Václav Havel . Entropa was on display in the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň as part of an EU exhibition .
|
[
"Centre of Contemporary Art DOX in Prague-Holešovice"
] |
easy
|
Entropa took place in which location from Jun 2009 to 2010?
|
/wiki/Entropa#P276#1
|
Entropa Entropa is a sculpture by Czech artist David Černý . The project was commissioned by the Czech Republic to mark the occasion of its presidency of the Council of the European Union , and was originally designed as a collaboration for 27 artists and artist groups from all member countries of the European Union . However , as a hoax , Černý and three of his assistants created a satirical and controversial piece that depicted pointed stereotypes of the EU member nations . Fake artist profiles were also created by Černý and his accomplices , complete with invented descriptions of their supposed contributions . The sculpture was unveiled informally on 12 January 2009 , followed by its official media launch date three days later . The sculpture was originally on display in the Justus Lipsius building in Brussels . Between September 2010 and March 2012 , the sculpture was on exhibit at the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň . A copy of the sculpture has also been planned for the Nová Scéna cafe in the National Theatre in Prague . Background . The Council of the European Union adheres to a rotational presidency system , whereby the governments of member countries exchange leadership every six months . It is customary for the presiding country to place an exhibit in the Justus Lipsius building , with past works avoiding controversy . For example , France , which had held the presidency before the Czech Republic , simply erected a large balloon in the French national colours in honor of the tradition . Theme . Entropa is an ironic jab at the issue of European integration and the stereotypes associated with each country within the European Union . It is subtitled Stereotypes are barriers to be demolished , along with the Czech European Union Presidencys motto of Europe without barriers . According to David Černý , the sculptures primary artist , Entropa lampoons the socially activist art that balances on the verge between would-be controversial attacks on national character and undisturbing decoration of an official space . In an interview with The Times , Černý stated that the sculpture was influenced by the Monty Python brand of humour . At the launch ceremony , he added Sacha Baron Cohen and Les Guignols de linfos portrayal of Nicolas Sarkozy as other influences . The work is made of glass-reinforced plastic and the joints of steel . It covers approximately , measuring high and wide . Three-quarters of the weight comes from the frame , making up a combined total of 8 tonnes . It resembles the parts of a model kit , containing pieces in the shapes of the 27 member states of the EU . Each piece has a distinctive theme that portrays stereotypes about the country , some of which are portrayed in a particularly provocative manner . Among the pieces which have attracted the most attention are those of Bulgaria , Denmark , Germany , Poland and Slovakia . The sculpture was installed between 5 and 11 January 2009 in the presence of David Černý , three assistants , four climbers , two technicians , two cameramen and a representative of the Czech Permanent Representation to the EU . Nations included in the sculpture . With no clear indication made by the artist nor by the official presentation , various interpretations of a single country can be drawn , and this list is by no means definite . Some of the physical pieces differ slightly from the form presented in the official booklet : - Austria , a known opponent of atomic energy , is depicted as a green field dominated by nuclear power plant cooling towers with vapour coming out of them at intervals . - Belgium is presented as a box of half-eaten Praline chocolates with the pattern of Brussels waffles . - Bulgaria is depicted by a series of connected Turkish squat toilets with neon lights connecting and illuminating them . This piece of the sculpture was later hidden with fabric . - Cyprus is cut in half . - The Czech Republics own piece is an LED display , which flashes controversial quotations by Czech President Václav Klaus . - Denmark is depicted as being built out of Lego bricks , and some claim to see in the depiction a face reminiscent of the cartoon controversy , though the resemblance has been denied by Černý . - Estonia is presented with power tools resembling a hammer and sickle , citing the countrys consideration of a ban on Communist symbols . - Finland is depicted as a wooden floor including a male with a rifle lying down , imagining an elephant , a hippo and a crocodile . - France is draped in a ( STRIKE! ) banner . - Germany is a series of interlocking autobahns with cars moving about on them , described as somewhat resembling a swastika , though the statement is not universally accepted . Some Czech military historians also suggest that the autobahns resemble the number 18 , which some Neo-nazi groups use as code for A.H. , the initials of Adolf Hitler . - Greece is depicted as a forest that has been entirely burned , possibly representing the 2007 Greek forest fires or the 2008 civil unrest in Greece . - Hungary features an Atomium consisting of watermelons and Hungarian sausages , based on a floor of peppers . - Ireland is depicted as a brown bog with bagpipes protruding from Northern Ireland . The bagpipes also play music in five-minute intervals . - Italy is depicted as a football pitch with several players who appear to be masturbating , possibly indicating what some see as the countrys fetish for football . - Latvia is shown as covered with mountains , in contrast to its actual flat landscape . - Lithuania includes a series of dressed Manneken Pis-style figures urinating , with the streams of urine being illuminated by yellow glass fibres . - Luxembourg is displayed as a gold nugget with a For Sale sign . - Malta is depicted as a tiny island with a prehistoric dwarf elephant , as well as a magnifying glass in front of the elephant . - The Netherlands is depicted as having disappeared under the sea with only several minarets still visible . - Poland has a piece with priests erecting the rainbow flag of the gay rights movement on a field of potatoes in the style of the famous photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima . - Portugal is shown as a wooden cutting board with three pieces of meat in the shape of its former colonies of Brazil , Angola , and Mozambique . - Romania is a Dracula-style theme park , which is set up to blink and emit ghostly sounds at intervals . - Slovakia is depicted as a Hungarian sausage ( or a human body wrapped in Hungarian tricolor ) being strangled by a string . - Slovenia is shown as a rock engraved with the words First Tourists Came Here , 1213 . - Spain is covered entirely in concrete , with a concrete mixer situated in the north-east . - Sweden , unlike the other pieces in the sculpture , does not have an outline , but is instead represented as a large IKEA-style self-assembly furniture box containing Gripen fighter planes ( as supplied to the Czech Air Force ) . - The United Kingdom , known for its Euroscepticism and relative isolation from Europe , is included as a missing piece ( an empty space ) at the top-left of the sculpture . Reaction . Entropa has inspired debate in Europe since the day of its first unveiling . Various commentators have noted that this is probably the first such exhibition in the history of art displays on behalf of the rotary Presidency of the EU Council that has been controversial in nature , contrasted by the fact that such pieces usually go by unnoticed . The work drew what has been described by one reporter as a never-before-seen crowd . It has been praised by some viewers for being hilarious and for inspiring discussion about art , but has angered and offended others . In June 2009 , David Černý himself said that he expected completely different reactions than those described below . In his opinion , Bulgaria doesnt even make it to the top three of the most provocative countries caricatured by Entropa . The most provocative country is Poland , with the reference to gays . It is followed by the UK ( missing ) and Slovakia that , according to Mr Černý , is a bubble restricted by Hungary . Political controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the day after the exhibit was informally unveiled , Bulgarias ambassador to the EU registered the countrys protest with the European Commission , and sent a formal protest note to the Czech government . Bulgarias depiction in the sculpture , as a series of squat toilets , is one of the most provocative , and after the informal unveiling of Entropa , the Bulgarian government demanded that the sculpture be taken down before its official launching . This action was never taken , but after continuing complaints , the Bulgarian depiction was covered with black fabric on 20 January 2009 . Individuals outside the government , as well , expressed outrage about the portrayal : Bulgarian news portal News.bg commented that the countrys deputy was obviously interpreting [ the exhibits ] idea as an insult attempt . A number of non-government organizations , including Polish Indeks 73 , were opposed to covering part of the work and initiated online petitions . Jan Vytopil , the man in charge of cultural events during the Czech EU Presidency , has defended the exhibit , arguing that the presence of a squat toilet Bulgaria in the presence of the other patently absurd depictions made it clear that the piece seeks to demolish stereotypes rather than cause controversy . Czech Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra also frequently stressed that the government committee which authorized the piece wanted to avoid censorship : On 14 January 2009 , the Slovak National Party called on Foreign Affairs Minister Ján Kubiš to demand the removal of the sculpture , calling it an offence to the Slovak nation . On 15 January 2009 , Kubiš complied and lodged a formal protest , but did not demand the removal of the sculpture . Given the controversial nature of the portrayals of other countries , Czech diplomats expected protests from other countries as well . However , these had yet to materialize . In fact , the public in Poland appeared to be largely in favour of Polands portrayal , with 64% considering it spot on and only 13% thinking it an insult to Polish people , according to an online poll by news portal TVN24 . Ole Molesby , the Danish Ambassador to the Czech Republic , stated that he did not expect the Mohammed caricature protests to begin anew , and that Denmark did not intend to complain . Černý denied that the similarity was intentional . Authorship controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the authorship of Entropa came into question . Officially , the artwork was to have been an international collaboration between David Černý and artists from the other 26 EU countries . However , on that day , Alexandr Vondra announced the work was probably created by a smaller group of people , explaining that Černý did not inform him about this until the evening before . The original news article in Lidové noviny pointed out that some of the artists names did not seem to exist in their countries citizen records and had no Internet footprint . Černý himself admitted on 13 January that the artists names had been fabricated . The official booklet provided summaries of past expositions for most of the alleged authors , some of which matched those of known artists . For example , Austrias Sabrina Unterberger had a résumé that apparently belonged to Ernst Logar . Many of these artists had their own websites ( designed by Tomáš Pospiszyl , Krištof Kintera and Libor Svoboda ) , but the contact information listed was false ( other than the e-mail addresses , which were functional ) . Lidové noviny originally listed Belgium , Germany , Greece , Ireland , and the UK as countries for which fictitious artists identities were given . These specific claims were later retracted and replaced by general charges that some of the names in the booklet are non-existent , their résumés erroneous , or that the artists denied knowing David Černý or having cooperated with him . On the evening of 13 January 2009 , Černý officially admitted that the piece was actually created entirely by him and two friends , and that all the officially supplied artists identities had been fabricated . In a prepared statement , Černý offered an apology to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , and the Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for deceiving them , stating he did not want them to be responsible for his fabulations . The statement went on to point out : We knew the truth would come out . But before that we wanted to find out if Europe is able to laugh at itself . The names of Černýs collaborators were given as Tomáš Pospiszyl and Krištof Kintera . The authors maintained that a larger international team of people was involved in the projects execution . They explained that they originally wanted to contact artists from all 27 member countries of the EU , but failed due to limited time and financing . Alexandr Vondra responded with an official statement expressing his disappointment and stressed that Černý would bear responsibility for deceiving the government . Due to the sculptures potential for controversy , the point that each countrys piece was designed by an artist from that country was strongly stressed by the Czech government . According to Lidové noviny , Czech Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra remarked : The fact remains that we have provided a platform for free artistic expression and that is how Entropa must be viewed . But , had I known the circumstances were different than we had thought for a year and a half , I would not have authorized it . Vondra attempted to distance the Czech government from Černýs work early on , saying,It is a piece of art—nothing else.. . If Europe is not strong enough to look at this , it would be a tragedy . It is Europe through the eyes of 27 artists . It is not Europe through the eyes of the Czech presidency . Fraud accusation . The sculpture reportedly cost 12 million CZK to make , of which 10 million was contributed by New World Resources , a Dutch mining company which owns OKD in the Czech Republic , and 2 million CZK was paid by the Czech government , which has subsequently leased the work for an additional 1.2 million CZK until the end of June . After the fabrication came to light , Černý was accused of misappropriating state funds . He responded that the money was not used at all , since the artists knew they would deviate from the stated project , and would be returned . Response by authors . Černý originally stated that he meant for the sculpture to be amusing , saying , Irony is about making fun . It is not meant to offend anybody , and later issuing an official statement saying , We wanted to see if Europe is able to laugh at itself . On 15 January , Černý reflected on the hostile reception of Entropa : I certainly dont feel like a winner . Thats how Id feel if there were a few shocked Brusselian bureaucrats walking around the piece , shaking their heads , thinking about what those Czechs have done here . We expected this to be treated as a joke , a happening , a nice installation , nothing else . That we are already discussing the removal of some parts doesnt seem like a tremendous success to me . Id be much happier if it remained whole . The authors defended their choice to use false names in creating the sculpture by stating the deception was part of the art : Grotesque exaggeration and mystification is a hallmark of Czech culture , and creating false identities is one of the strategies of contemporary art . Černý has also said that making this sculpture in this way was more fun . Later , however , the artists apologized for the deception , saying , We apologize to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , Minister Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for not informing them about the true state of things and thus deceiving them . Krištof Kintera , one of the true co-authors of the sculpture , said in an interview that the mystification was supposed to last longer , but that it was untenable—both ethically , as the artists didnt want to cause more trouble for Czech diplomacy , and practically , as they couldnt keep answering e-mails using the fabricated artists identities . Kintera also commented that the sculpture revealed a divide between Western and Eastern Europe : We didnt want to defame anyone ; advanced European democracies are used to many things , but the East still strives to promote itself in a positive light , so its not as well attuned to this . Fate of the sculpture . After the true authorship of the sculpture came to light , Alexandr Vondra stated its continued display was under review because Černý had violated the governments specifications of the project , which , in line with Černýs original description , called for an international collaboration of artists . On 14 January 2009 , the official Entropa presentation page was withdrawn from the Czech presidencys website . Nevertheless , the sculpture was ceremonially launched on 15 January 2009 . Alexandr Vondra again defended the piece , saying , we consider Entropa to be art , nothing more and nothing else . During the ceremony , David Černý again apologized to the Czech government and expressed regret that the sculpture was considered offensive . He said the offending pieces would be removed if officials cannot be persuaded about the authors intentions . Removal . On 23 April 2009 , Černýs intention to remove the sculpture prematurely on 10 May was published , which he presented as a protest against the way in which Topoláneks government had been deposed and against the prepared Fischers cabinet , which was eventually installed on 8 May . The removal of the sculpture began on 11 May . Černý himself was not present , although he had earlier suggested the contrary . A crew he sent there dismantled the sculpture and on Thursday , 14 May loaded its parts into three trucks , which had to come one by one because of limitations of the Justus Lipsius building . Afterwards , the pieces were transported by road to Prague . The sculpture was set up again in the Centre of Contemporary Art DOX in Prague-Holešovice and inaugurated on 11 June 2009 , in presence of guests , including former Czech president Václav Havel . Entropa was on display in the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň as part of an EU exhibition .
|
[
"Techmania Science Center"
] |
easy
|
Where was Entropa taking place from 2010 to 2011?
|
/wiki/Entropa#P276#2
|
Entropa Entropa is a sculpture by Czech artist David Černý . The project was commissioned by the Czech Republic to mark the occasion of its presidency of the Council of the European Union , and was originally designed as a collaboration for 27 artists and artist groups from all member countries of the European Union . However , as a hoax , Černý and three of his assistants created a satirical and controversial piece that depicted pointed stereotypes of the EU member nations . Fake artist profiles were also created by Černý and his accomplices , complete with invented descriptions of their supposed contributions . The sculpture was unveiled informally on 12 January 2009 , followed by its official media launch date three days later . The sculpture was originally on display in the Justus Lipsius building in Brussels . Between September 2010 and March 2012 , the sculpture was on exhibit at the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň . A copy of the sculpture has also been planned for the Nová Scéna cafe in the National Theatre in Prague . Background . The Council of the European Union adheres to a rotational presidency system , whereby the governments of member countries exchange leadership every six months . It is customary for the presiding country to place an exhibit in the Justus Lipsius building , with past works avoiding controversy . For example , France , which had held the presidency before the Czech Republic , simply erected a large balloon in the French national colours in honor of the tradition . Theme . Entropa is an ironic jab at the issue of European integration and the stereotypes associated with each country within the European Union . It is subtitled Stereotypes are barriers to be demolished , along with the Czech European Union Presidencys motto of Europe without barriers . According to David Černý , the sculptures primary artist , Entropa lampoons the socially activist art that balances on the verge between would-be controversial attacks on national character and undisturbing decoration of an official space . In an interview with The Times , Černý stated that the sculpture was influenced by the Monty Python brand of humour . At the launch ceremony , he added Sacha Baron Cohen and Les Guignols de linfos portrayal of Nicolas Sarkozy as other influences . The work is made of glass-reinforced plastic and the joints of steel . It covers approximately , measuring high and wide . Three-quarters of the weight comes from the frame , making up a combined total of 8 tonnes . It resembles the parts of a model kit , containing pieces in the shapes of the 27 member states of the EU . Each piece has a distinctive theme that portrays stereotypes about the country , some of which are portrayed in a particularly provocative manner . Among the pieces which have attracted the most attention are those of Bulgaria , Denmark , Germany , Poland and Slovakia . The sculpture was installed between 5 and 11 January 2009 in the presence of David Černý , three assistants , four climbers , two technicians , two cameramen and a representative of the Czech Permanent Representation to the EU . Nations included in the sculpture . With no clear indication made by the artist nor by the official presentation , various interpretations of a single country can be drawn , and this list is by no means definite . Some of the physical pieces differ slightly from the form presented in the official booklet : - Austria , a known opponent of atomic energy , is depicted as a green field dominated by nuclear power plant cooling towers with vapour coming out of them at intervals . - Belgium is presented as a box of half-eaten Praline chocolates with the pattern of Brussels waffles . - Bulgaria is depicted by a series of connected Turkish squat toilets with neon lights connecting and illuminating them . This piece of the sculpture was later hidden with fabric . - Cyprus is cut in half . - The Czech Republics own piece is an LED display , which flashes controversial quotations by Czech President Václav Klaus . - Denmark is depicted as being built out of Lego bricks , and some claim to see in the depiction a face reminiscent of the cartoon controversy , though the resemblance has been denied by Černý . - Estonia is presented with power tools resembling a hammer and sickle , citing the countrys consideration of a ban on Communist symbols . - Finland is depicted as a wooden floor including a male with a rifle lying down , imagining an elephant , a hippo and a crocodile . - France is draped in a ( STRIKE! ) banner . - Germany is a series of interlocking autobahns with cars moving about on them , described as somewhat resembling a swastika , though the statement is not universally accepted . Some Czech military historians also suggest that the autobahns resemble the number 18 , which some Neo-nazi groups use as code for A.H. , the initials of Adolf Hitler . - Greece is depicted as a forest that has been entirely burned , possibly representing the 2007 Greek forest fires or the 2008 civil unrest in Greece . - Hungary features an Atomium consisting of watermelons and Hungarian sausages , based on a floor of peppers . - Ireland is depicted as a brown bog with bagpipes protruding from Northern Ireland . The bagpipes also play music in five-minute intervals . - Italy is depicted as a football pitch with several players who appear to be masturbating , possibly indicating what some see as the countrys fetish for football . - Latvia is shown as covered with mountains , in contrast to its actual flat landscape . - Lithuania includes a series of dressed Manneken Pis-style figures urinating , with the streams of urine being illuminated by yellow glass fibres . - Luxembourg is displayed as a gold nugget with a For Sale sign . - Malta is depicted as a tiny island with a prehistoric dwarf elephant , as well as a magnifying glass in front of the elephant . - The Netherlands is depicted as having disappeared under the sea with only several minarets still visible . - Poland has a piece with priests erecting the rainbow flag of the gay rights movement on a field of potatoes in the style of the famous photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima . - Portugal is shown as a wooden cutting board with three pieces of meat in the shape of its former colonies of Brazil , Angola , and Mozambique . - Romania is a Dracula-style theme park , which is set up to blink and emit ghostly sounds at intervals . - Slovakia is depicted as a Hungarian sausage ( or a human body wrapped in Hungarian tricolor ) being strangled by a string . - Slovenia is shown as a rock engraved with the words First Tourists Came Here , 1213 . - Spain is covered entirely in concrete , with a concrete mixer situated in the north-east . - Sweden , unlike the other pieces in the sculpture , does not have an outline , but is instead represented as a large IKEA-style self-assembly furniture box containing Gripen fighter planes ( as supplied to the Czech Air Force ) . - The United Kingdom , known for its Euroscepticism and relative isolation from Europe , is included as a missing piece ( an empty space ) at the top-left of the sculpture . Reaction . Entropa has inspired debate in Europe since the day of its first unveiling . Various commentators have noted that this is probably the first such exhibition in the history of art displays on behalf of the rotary Presidency of the EU Council that has been controversial in nature , contrasted by the fact that such pieces usually go by unnoticed . The work drew what has been described by one reporter as a never-before-seen crowd . It has been praised by some viewers for being hilarious and for inspiring discussion about art , but has angered and offended others . In June 2009 , David Černý himself said that he expected completely different reactions than those described below . In his opinion , Bulgaria doesnt even make it to the top three of the most provocative countries caricatured by Entropa . The most provocative country is Poland , with the reference to gays . It is followed by the UK ( missing ) and Slovakia that , according to Mr Černý , is a bubble restricted by Hungary . Political controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the day after the exhibit was informally unveiled , Bulgarias ambassador to the EU registered the countrys protest with the European Commission , and sent a formal protest note to the Czech government . Bulgarias depiction in the sculpture , as a series of squat toilets , is one of the most provocative , and after the informal unveiling of Entropa , the Bulgarian government demanded that the sculpture be taken down before its official launching . This action was never taken , but after continuing complaints , the Bulgarian depiction was covered with black fabric on 20 January 2009 . Individuals outside the government , as well , expressed outrage about the portrayal : Bulgarian news portal News.bg commented that the countrys deputy was obviously interpreting [ the exhibits ] idea as an insult attempt . A number of non-government organizations , including Polish Indeks 73 , were opposed to covering part of the work and initiated online petitions . Jan Vytopil , the man in charge of cultural events during the Czech EU Presidency , has defended the exhibit , arguing that the presence of a squat toilet Bulgaria in the presence of the other patently absurd depictions made it clear that the piece seeks to demolish stereotypes rather than cause controversy . Czech Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra also frequently stressed that the government committee which authorized the piece wanted to avoid censorship : On 14 January 2009 , the Slovak National Party called on Foreign Affairs Minister Ján Kubiš to demand the removal of the sculpture , calling it an offence to the Slovak nation . On 15 January 2009 , Kubiš complied and lodged a formal protest , but did not demand the removal of the sculpture . Given the controversial nature of the portrayals of other countries , Czech diplomats expected protests from other countries as well . However , these had yet to materialize . In fact , the public in Poland appeared to be largely in favour of Polands portrayal , with 64% considering it spot on and only 13% thinking it an insult to Polish people , according to an online poll by news portal TVN24 . Ole Molesby , the Danish Ambassador to the Czech Republic , stated that he did not expect the Mohammed caricature protests to begin anew , and that Denmark did not intend to complain . Černý denied that the similarity was intentional . Authorship controversy . On 13 January 2009 , the authorship of Entropa came into question . Officially , the artwork was to have been an international collaboration between David Černý and artists from the other 26 EU countries . However , on that day , Alexandr Vondra announced the work was probably created by a smaller group of people , explaining that Černý did not inform him about this until the evening before . The original news article in Lidové noviny pointed out that some of the artists names did not seem to exist in their countries citizen records and had no Internet footprint . Černý himself admitted on 13 January that the artists names had been fabricated . The official booklet provided summaries of past expositions for most of the alleged authors , some of which matched those of known artists . For example , Austrias Sabrina Unterberger had a résumé that apparently belonged to Ernst Logar . Many of these artists had their own websites ( designed by Tomáš Pospiszyl , Krištof Kintera and Libor Svoboda ) , but the contact information listed was false ( other than the e-mail addresses , which were functional ) . Lidové noviny originally listed Belgium , Germany , Greece , Ireland , and the UK as countries for which fictitious artists identities were given . These specific claims were later retracted and replaced by general charges that some of the names in the booklet are non-existent , their résumés erroneous , or that the artists denied knowing David Černý or having cooperated with him . On the evening of 13 January 2009 , Černý officially admitted that the piece was actually created entirely by him and two friends , and that all the officially supplied artists identities had been fabricated . In a prepared statement , Černý offered an apology to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , and the Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for deceiving them , stating he did not want them to be responsible for his fabulations . The statement went on to point out : We knew the truth would come out . But before that we wanted to find out if Europe is able to laugh at itself . The names of Černýs collaborators were given as Tomáš Pospiszyl and Krištof Kintera . The authors maintained that a larger international team of people was involved in the projects execution . They explained that they originally wanted to contact artists from all 27 member countries of the EU , but failed due to limited time and financing . Alexandr Vondra responded with an official statement expressing his disappointment and stressed that Černý would bear responsibility for deceiving the government . Due to the sculptures potential for controversy , the point that each countrys piece was designed by an artist from that country was strongly stressed by the Czech government . According to Lidové noviny , Czech Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra remarked : The fact remains that we have provided a platform for free artistic expression and that is how Entropa must be viewed . But , had I known the circumstances were different than we had thought for a year and a half , I would not have authorized it . Vondra attempted to distance the Czech government from Černýs work early on , saying,It is a piece of art—nothing else.. . If Europe is not strong enough to look at this , it would be a tragedy . It is Europe through the eyes of 27 artists . It is not Europe through the eyes of the Czech presidency . Fraud accusation . The sculpture reportedly cost 12 million CZK to make , of which 10 million was contributed by New World Resources , a Dutch mining company which owns OKD in the Czech Republic , and 2 million CZK was paid by the Czech government , which has subsequently leased the work for an additional 1.2 million CZK until the end of June . After the fabrication came to light , Černý was accused of misappropriating state funds . He responded that the money was not used at all , since the artists knew they would deviate from the stated project , and would be returned . Response by authors . Černý originally stated that he meant for the sculpture to be amusing , saying , Irony is about making fun . It is not meant to offend anybody , and later issuing an official statement saying , We wanted to see if Europe is able to laugh at itself . On 15 January , Černý reflected on the hostile reception of Entropa : I certainly dont feel like a winner . Thats how Id feel if there were a few shocked Brusselian bureaucrats walking around the piece , shaking their heads , thinking about what those Czechs have done here . We expected this to be treated as a joke , a happening , a nice installation , nothing else . That we are already discussing the removal of some parts doesnt seem like a tremendous success to me . Id be much happier if it remained whole . The authors defended their choice to use false names in creating the sculpture by stating the deception was part of the art : Grotesque exaggeration and mystification is a hallmark of Czech culture , and creating false identities is one of the strategies of contemporary art . Černý has also said that making this sculpture in this way was more fun . Later , however , the artists apologized for the deception , saying , We apologize to Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek , Deputy Prime Minister Alexandr Vondra , Minister Karel Schwarzenberg and their offices for not informing them about the true state of things and thus deceiving them . Krištof Kintera , one of the true co-authors of the sculpture , said in an interview that the mystification was supposed to last longer , but that it was untenable—both ethically , as the artists didnt want to cause more trouble for Czech diplomacy , and practically , as they couldnt keep answering e-mails using the fabricated artists identities . Kintera also commented that the sculpture revealed a divide between Western and Eastern Europe : We didnt want to defame anyone ; advanced European democracies are used to many things , but the East still strives to promote itself in a positive light , so its not as well attuned to this . Fate of the sculpture . After the true authorship of the sculpture came to light , Alexandr Vondra stated its continued display was under review because Černý had violated the governments specifications of the project , which , in line with Černýs original description , called for an international collaboration of artists . On 14 January 2009 , the official Entropa presentation page was withdrawn from the Czech presidencys website . Nevertheless , the sculpture was ceremonially launched on 15 January 2009 . Alexandr Vondra again defended the piece , saying , we consider Entropa to be art , nothing more and nothing else . During the ceremony , David Černý again apologized to the Czech government and expressed regret that the sculpture was considered offensive . He said the offending pieces would be removed if officials cannot be persuaded about the authors intentions . Removal . On 23 April 2009 , Černýs intention to remove the sculpture prematurely on 10 May was published , which he presented as a protest against the way in which Topoláneks government had been deposed and against the prepared Fischers cabinet , which was eventually installed on 8 May . The removal of the sculpture began on 11 May . Černý himself was not present , although he had earlier suggested the contrary . A crew he sent there dismantled the sculpture and on Thursday , 14 May loaded its parts into three trucks , which had to come one by one because of limitations of the Justus Lipsius building . Afterwards , the pieces were transported by road to Prague . The sculpture was set up again in the Centre of Contemporary Art DOX in Prague-Holešovice and inaugurated on 11 June 2009 , in presence of guests , including former Czech president Václav Havel . Entropa was on display in the Techmania Science Center in Plzeň as part of an EU exhibition .
|
[
"SKE48"
] |
easy
|
What organization did Jurina Matsui join in 2008?
|
/wiki/Jurina_Matsui#P463#0
|
Jurina Matsui Matsui debuted with SKE48 in 2008 and was soon appointed as the center position for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond , making her the first sister group member to participate and serve as the choreography center in the groups main single lineup . Matsui graduated from SKE48 in 2021 with last single Koiochi Flag . As a solo artist , Matsui has starred in many supporting roles and had her first leading role in horror TV drama Death Cash ( 2016 ) . She released her self-written first solo album Privacy on October 5 , 2019 . Matsui occasionally involves in sport events as TV personality , especially pro-wrestling . Early life . Jurina Matsui was born on March 8 , 1997 , in Kasugai , Aichi Prefecture as the only child to Yumiko Matsui , a cosmetologist . Matsui was interested in singing since nursery school , then came to like dancing when she started to attend hip-hop dance school around the third grade of primary school . Thinking singing and dancing are what idols do , Matsui started aiming to become an idol . Music career . 2008–2012 : Debut with Ōgoe Diamond and SKE48 . In 2008 , Matsui auditioned for SKE48 and made her debut performance on October 5 at SKE48 Theater in Sakae , Nagoya . Three months later , at the age of 11 , Matsui was chosen as the choreography center and the cover girl for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond . It was the first time an AKB48 single would feature a member of a sister group . In 2009 , Matsui was chosen again as one of the centers for AKB48s 11th major single 10nen Sakura with Atsuko Maeda . Since then Matsui continued to participate in the main lineup of AKB48s singles until 2018 , except singles which lineup was decided by the rock-paper-scissor tournaments . In August , Matsui served as the choreography center for SKE48s debut single Tsuyoki Mono yo then continued to hold that position until Mae Nomeri in 2015 . In 2011 , Matsui starred as one of the leading roles in the music video for AKB48s 20th single Sakura no Ki ni Narō . 2012–2017 : Concurrent position in AKB48 . In early 2012 , following scandals in which members Natsumi Hirajima and Rumi Yonezawa resigned from AKB48 , Matsui was added to AKB48 as a temporary concurrent member to fill in one of the vacant positions . She later made her debut performance at AKB48 Theater on June 1 . On September 18 , Matsui was announced to be one of the center performers for AKB48s 28th single Uza with Yuko Oshima , and performed the song for the first time at the groups rock-paper-scissors tournament . At the next rock-paper-scissors tournament in 2013 , Matsui came out as the winner after beating a total of 83 members which earned her the center position for the groups 34th single , Kimi no Hohoemi wo Yume ni Miru . In 2015 , Matsuis first solo song Akai Pinhiiru to Professor was released as one of the new songs for AKB48’s sixth studio album Koko ga Rhodes da , Koko de Tobe! . During the broadcast of AKB48 All Night Nippon on October 21 , 2015 , Matsui announced that she would terminate her concurrent position in AKB48 Team K after three years to commit herself to SKE48 . She subsequently had her last performance at the AKB48 Theater on December 24 . In 2017 , Matsuis first self-written song titled Hana Uranai was released and included in SKE48s second studio album Kakumei no Oka . Matsui stated that the song consists of her feelings towards her fellow first-generation members . In May , Matsui shared the choreography center position with Sakura Miyawaki for AKB48s commemorative single Negaigoto no Mochigusare which was used as the theme song for the junior high school division at the . 2018–2019 : Brief hiatus and solo album . In May 2018 , Matsui was one of the two SKE48 members to participate in the South Korean competition show , Produce 48 . On June 16 , Matsui collapsed on stage during a concert for the 10th AKB48 general election and had to be carried away to rest before returning . At the end of the night , Matsui was announced as the winner with 194,453 votes and would become the center performer for AKB48s 53rd single . On July 7 , SKE48 manager Yuasa Hiroshi released a statement that Matsui would halt all activities to take some time off to recover . Mnet later confirmed Matsui was also withdrawing from Produce 48 where she placed 13th in the voting results of the fifth episode with 329,455 votes . The news of her win and sickness made her one of the three most-searched idols in the first half of 2018 according to Yahoo ! Japan . Matsui resumed her activities on September 6 , 2018 , and made a surprise appearance at the SKE48 Theater to announce her return . Because of her long hiatus , Matsui was unable to participate in the recording of the song and music video of her winning single Sentimental Train . Matsui was temporarily replaced by storyboard and CG images in the unfinished version of the music video . On September 25 , the full version of both song and music video was released and could be downloaded by CD purchasers with serial numbers included in the CD . On October 5 , 2019 , which is also the 11th anniversary of her debut , Matsui released her debut solo album Privacy under label Showroom Records . A pre-release single KMT Dance was distributed on August 28 , accompanied by a Line Music campaign . All nine tracks in the album were written by Matsui and composed by . The release of the album was proposed by AKB48 Groups producer Yasushi Akimoto after witnessing how Matsuis sensitive lyrics and singing voice grabbed fans through her live streams on Showroom . 2020–present : Graduation from SKE48 . On February 7 , 2020 , Matsui announced her graduation from SKE48 . Her graduation concert was scheduled to be held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall on September 26–27 and her farewell performance on October 5 at SKE48 theater , which were eventually postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan . In commemoration of her upcoming graduation , SKE48 and Chukyo TV launched a paid virtual exhibition titled Jurinas Share Room which features more than 100 pieces of content taken from her 12 years of career . The special website was opened for a limited time for about three months which was divided into three seasons starting January 9 , 2021 . Matsuis last single as a member of SKE48 titled Koiochi Flag was released on February 3 , 2021 . All 68 members of SKE48 participated in the recording of the song and the music video . In addition to that , Matsui also produced a unit named Black Pearl from members who she felt they would be the future of SKE48 . She participated in all aspects , including songwriting , choreography , and styling . Matsui also wrote the lyrics for her graduation solo song . The single won first place on the Oricon Singles Weekly Chart . It marked SKE48s 23rd wins on the chart , making the group the fifth female artist who has the most number one positions in the history behind AKB48 , Ayumi Hamasaki , Seiko Matsuda , and Nogizaka46 . On April 11th , 2021 , Matsuis graduation concert was held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall and consisted of two shows - day and night - with two different setlists , with an audience less than 50% of the venues capacity . Matsui took part in the planning of the concert . The daytime show featured Pro Wrestling Noahs fighters , Naomichi Marufuji , Kaito Kiyomiya , Yo-Hey , and Yoshiki Inamura , as well as performance of several songs originally sung by Matsuis AKB48 senior members . The nighttime show featured her fellow first-generation members of SKE48 . Matsui also received congratulatory videos from former AKB48 and SKE48 members , several AKB48 Group members outside Japan , and Kenny Omega . At the end of the concert , Matsui and all members of SKE48 sang , an unreleased and unrecorded self-written song by Matsui . The solo and instrumental versions of the song were subsequently released as a digital single on May 19 . Matsui had her last performance as a member of SKE48 on April 29 at SKE48 Theater , ending her 13-year career as an idol . However , Matsui only appeared 48 minutes into the show after a series of solo performance of her junior members , to which she said she wanted them to gain experience . At the end of the show , Matsui expressed her intention to be active as an actress and TV personality in the future . Acting career . Matsui had first her first movie and non-AKB48 Group related role by starring in a Nagoya-based movie Waya ! Uchuu Ichi no Osekkai Daisakusen in 2011 . Matsui and another SKE48 member Kumi Yagami were given roles in the movie after director Kohatsu Yo held an audition for all 57 members of SKE48 at their theater . At the time of the filming , Matsui was only 13 years old , even though her character in the film was 18 years old . In 2012 , Matsui starred in the third episode of the television miniseries Blackboard : Jidai to Tatakatta Kyōshitachi . She played Minami Hirokawa , an honor student who was inspired by the rebellious Masaki that was played by Ryūnosuke Kamiki . In January 2014 , Matsui played as a new secretary to Koichi Satos character in a special broadcast of the mystery television drama Kagi no Kakatta Heya . In September , Matsui played a supporting role as a part-time maiko in Japan Academy Film Prize-winning musical comedy movie Lady Maiko directed by Masayuki Suo . In 2015 , Matsui starred in the movie Furiko , a live-action adaptation of a flip book-like short animation movie with the same title by comedian Tekken . The movie was screened at the 6th Okinawa International Movie Festival . Matsui played the role of Koharu Hasegawa , the daughter of the main characters , and portrayed her life from middle school to her 20s . In April 2016 , Matsui played the younger version of Miki Nakatanis role in Its Not That I Cant Marry , But I Dont Want To . In July , Matsui cast in her first non-AKB48 Group leading role in the midnight horror drama Death Cash broadcast on TBS . She played the role of Yuka Manami , a college student who was seeking the truth behind a mysterious case involving cursed 10,000 yen cash . SKE48s 20th single Kin no Ai , Gin no Ai served as its theme song . On October 2 , Matsui announced she would transfer her agency from AKS to Irving to improve her activities in the entertainment world , including acting . In 2019 , Matsui made her acting comeback by guest-starring in TV Asahis crime drama Emergency Interrogation Room alongside Yūki Amami . She played Hinako Tachibana , a new shogi champion who was suspected of murder . On April 18 , Matsui made her debut in a stage play by playing Hamlet in the SKE48 version of Hamlet . Written and directed by Maruo Maruichirō , the stage play is the culmination of acting challenges SKE48 members received from specialists on their variety TV show SKEBINGO! . In 2020 , Matsui reprised her role in Kagi no Kakatta Heya Special Edition 3 for a special re-broadcast with additional scenes . By the time of her graduation as an SKE48 member in 2021 , Matsui has starred in many AKB48 Group-related television series , including leading roles in Majisuka Gakuen 2 ( 2011 ) , Tōfu Pro Wrestling ( 2017 ) , and Cabasuka Gakuen ( 2016 ) . Other ventures . Endorsements and ambassadorships . As a solo artist , Matsui starred in TV commercials for part-time job search app Baitoru alongside her mother in 2015 . In 2017 , Matsui was appointed as the official ambassador of the Star Wars exhibition at Nagoya Castle that was held from February 16 to April 9 . With agency-mate and actress Manami Hashimoto , Matsui has promoted products for online casino game Mystino and real estate company . In sports . After playing the role of a pro-wrestling fighter in AKB48 Group drama Tōfu Pro Wrestling , Matsui was appointed as the special ambassador of the New Japan Pro-Wrestling Wrestle Kingdom 12 in Tokyo Dome in 2017 . In 2018 , Matsui was awarded the Special Award by Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards for sharing the wonders of professional wrestling to idol fans and her passion for the sport through her role and social media accounts . Matsui eventually started to be involved in other sports events . In September 2019 , Matsui was appointed as an official supporter of combat sport event held in Tokyo . In November , Matsui was appointed as a support ambassador B.League professional basketball team , San-en NeoPhoenix . She stated to have been interested in the team after watching their game in April . In October 2020 , Matsui attended the lighting ceremony for s night game as one of special judges in the naming of the event . Matsui occasionally served as a guest narrator in various sports promotions including Pro Wrestling Noah and WWE . Radio . On April 6 , 2019 , Matsui started the broadcasting of her first regular radio program titled on CBC Radio . The program aired every Saturday at 19:30 JST and ended on December 28 . YouTube channel . In October 2020 , Matsui launched her official YouTube channel . During the first live streaming on November 1 , Matsui chose Jurina House as the name for the channel out of approximately 80 suggestions received from Japanese and overseas fans . AKB48 General Election placements . Matsuis placements in AKB48s general election , an annual event to decide the promotional lineup or of the groups single : Stage credits . A listing of Matsuis participation in SKE48 and AKB48s theatre programs , called stages : - 2008–2009 : SKE48 Team S 1st Stage : - Unit songs : Skirt , Hirari , Hoshi no Ondo ( 1st unit ) and Classmate ( 2nd unit ) - 2009 : SKE48 Team S 2nd Stage : - Unit songs : Glory Days ( 1st unit ) and Wimbledon e Tsuretette ( 2nd unit ) - 2009–2013 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : - Unit songs : Omoide Ijou ( 1st unit ) and Ookami to Pride ( 2nd unit ) - 2012 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K Waiting Stage - Unit songs : Himawari ( 1st unit ) and Candy ( 2nd unit ) - 2013–2014 : SKE48 Team S 4th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Return Match - 2014–2016 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Onna no Ko no Dairokkan - 2014–2015 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gyakuten Oujisama - 2015 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gomen ne Jewel - 2016–present : SKE48 Team S 5th Stage : - Unit songs : Akai Pin Heel to Professor , Koppu no Naka no Komorebi ( 1st unit ) and Hana Uranai ( 2nd unit ) Discography . By the time of her graduation in 2021 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of all singles of SKE48 except Sōyūtoko Aru yo ne ? and served as the choreography center for 21 singles , including Stand by You which marked the start of the 11th year for the group . Matsui was also featured in the unit Love Crescendo . With AKB48 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of 43 singles of AKB48 and served as the center for 6 singles . She was also featured in the units AKBIdoling!! ! and NyaAKB . Songwriting credits . All credits are adapted from the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors , Composers and Publishers , unless stated otherwise . Awards . - Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards : Special Award ( 2017 ) - Yahoo ! Japan : Yahoo ! Search Awards Idol Category ( mid-year 2018 ) External links . - at SKE48 website
|
[
"AKB48"
] |
easy
|
What organization did Jurina Matsui join in 2012?
|
/wiki/Jurina_Matsui#P463#1
|
Jurina Matsui Matsui debuted with SKE48 in 2008 and was soon appointed as the center position for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond , making her the first sister group member to participate and serve as the choreography center in the groups main single lineup . Matsui graduated from SKE48 in 2021 with last single Koiochi Flag . As a solo artist , Matsui has starred in many supporting roles and had her first leading role in horror TV drama Death Cash ( 2016 ) . She released her self-written first solo album Privacy on October 5 , 2019 . Matsui occasionally involves in sport events as TV personality , especially pro-wrestling . Early life . Jurina Matsui was born on March 8 , 1997 , in Kasugai , Aichi Prefecture as the only child to Yumiko Matsui , a cosmetologist . Matsui was interested in singing since nursery school , then came to like dancing when she started to attend hip-hop dance school around the third grade of primary school . Thinking singing and dancing are what idols do , Matsui started aiming to become an idol . Music career . 2008–2012 : Debut with Ōgoe Diamond and SKE48 . In 2008 , Matsui auditioned for SKE48 and made her debut performance on October 5 at SKE48 Theater in Sakae , Nagoya . Three months later , at the age of 11 , Matsui was chosen as the choreography center and the cover girl for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond . It was the first time an AKB48 single would feature a member of a sister group . In 2009 , Matsui was chosen again as one of the centers for AKB48s 11th major single 10nen Sakura with Atsuko Maeda . Since then Matsui continued to participate in the main lineup of AKB48s singles until 2018 , except singles which lineup was decided by the rock-paper-scissor tournaments . In August , Matsui served as the choreography center for SKE48s debut single Tsuyoki Mono yo then continued to hold that position until Mae Nomeri in 2015 . In 2011 , Matsui starred as one of the leading roles in the music video for AKB48s 20th single Sakura no Ki ni Narō . 2012–2017 : Concurrent position in AKB48 . In early 2012 , following scandals in which members Natsumi Hirajima and Rumi Yonezawa resigned from AKB48 , Matsui was added to AKB48 as a temporary concurrent member to fill in one of the vacant positions . She later made her debut performance at AKB48 Theater on June 1 . On September 18 , Matsui was announced to be one of the center performers for AKB48s 28th single Uza with Yuko Oshima , and performed the song for the first time at the groups rock-paper-scissors tournament . At the next rock-paper-scissors tournament in 2013 , Matsui came out as the winner after beating a total of 83 members which earned her the center position for the groups 34th single , Kimi no Hohoemi wo Yume ni Miru . In 2015 , Matsuis first solo song Akai Pinhiiru to Professor was released as one of the new songs for AKB48’s sixth studio album Koko ga Rhodes da , Koko de Tobe! . During the broadcast of AKB48 All Night Nippon on October 21 , 2015 , Matsui announced that she would terminate her concurrent position in AKB48 Team K after three years to commit herself to SKE48 . She subsequently had her last performance at the AKB48 Theater on December 24 . In 2017 , Matsuis first self-written song titled Hana Uranai was released and included in SKE48s second studio album Kakumei no Oka . Matsui stated that the song consists of her feelings towards her fellow first-generation members . In May , Matsui shared the choreography center position with Sakura Miyawaki for AKB48s commemorative single Negaigoto no Mochigusare which was used as the theme song for the junior high school division at the . 2018–2019 : Brief hiatus and solo album . In May 2018 , Matsui was one of the two SKE48 members to participate in the South Korean competition show , Produce 48 . On June 16 , Matsui collapsed on stage during a concert for the 10th AKB48 general election and had to be carried away to rest before returning . At the end of the night , Matsui was announced as the winner with 194,453 votes and would become the center performer for AKB48s 53rd single . On July 7 , SKE48 manager Yuasa Hiroshi released a statement that Matsui would halt all activities to take some time off to recover . Mnet later confirmed Matsui was also withdrawing from Produce 48 where she placed 13th in the voting results of the fifth episode with 329,455 votes . The news of her win and sickness made her one of the three most-searched idols in the first half of 2018 according to Yahoo ! Japan . Matsui resumed her activities on September 6 , 2018 , and made a surprise appearance at the SKE48 Theater to announce her return . Because of her long hiatus , Matsui was unable to participate in the recording of the song and music video of her winning single Sentimental Train . Matsui was temporarily replaced by storyboard and CG images in the unfinished version of the music video . On September 25 , the full version of both song and music video was released and could be downloaded by CD purchasers with serial numbers included in the CD . On October 5 , 2019 , which is also the 11th anniversary of her debut , Matsui released her debut solo album Privacy under label Showroom Records . A pre-release single KMT Dance was distributed on August 28 , accompanied by a Line Music campaign . All nine tracks in the album were written by Matsui and composed by . The release of the album was proposed by AKB48 Groups producer Yasushi Akimoto after witnessing how Matsuis sensitive lyrics and singing voice grabbed fans through her live streams on Showroom . 2020–present : Graduation from SKE48 . On February 7 , 2020 , Matsui announced her graduation from SKE48 . Her graduation concert was scheduled to be held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall on September 26–27 and her farewell performance on October 5 at SKE48 theater , which were eventually postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan . In commemoration of her upcoming graduation , SKE48 and Chukyo TV launched a paid virtual exhibition titled Jurinas Share Room which features more than 100 pieces of content taken from her 12 years of career . The special website was opened for a limited time for about three months which was divided into three seasons starting January 9 , 2021 . Matsuis last single as a member of SKE48 titled Koiochi Flag was released on February 3 , 2021 . All 68 members of SKE48 participated in the recording of the song and the music video . In addition to that , Matsui also produced a unit named Black Pearl from members who she felt they would be the future of SKE48 . She participated in all aspects , including songwriting , choreography , and styling . Matsui also wrote the lyrics for her graduation solo song . The single won first place on the Oricon Singles Weekly Chart . It marked SKE48s 23rd wins on the chart , making the group the fifth female artist who has the most number one positions in the history behind AKB48 , Ayumi Hamasaki , Seiko Matsuda , and Nogizaka46 . On April 11th , 2021 , Matsuis graduation concert was held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall and consisted of two shows - day and night - with two different setlists , with an audience less than 50% of the venues capacity . Matsui took part in the planning of the concert . The daytime show featured Pro Wrestling Noahs fighters , Naomichi Marufuji , Kaito Kiyomiya , Yo-Hey , and Yoshiki Inamura , as well as performance of several songs originally sung by Matsuis AKB48 senior members . The nighttime show featured her fellow first-generation members of SKE48 . Matsui also received congratulatory videos from former AKB48 and SKE48 members , several AKB48 Group members outside Japan , and Kenny Omega . At the end of the concert , Matsui and all members of SKE48 sang , an unreleased and unrecorded self-written song by Matsui . The solo and instrumental versions of the song were subsequently released as a digital single on May 19 . Matsui had her last performance as a member of SKE48 on April 29 at SKE48 Theater , ending her 13-year career as an idol . However , Matsui only appeared 48 minutes into the show after a series of solo performance of her junior members , to which she said she wanted them to gain experience . At the end of the show , Matsui expressed her intention to be active as an actress and TV personality in the future . Acting career . Matsui had first her first movie and non-AKB48 Group related role by starring in a Nagoya-based movie Waya ! Uchuu Ichi no Osekkai Daisakusen in 2011 . Matsui and another SKE48 member Kumi Yagami were given roles in the movie after director Kohatsu Yo held an audition for all 57 members of SKE48 at their theater . At the time of the filming , Matsui was only 13 years old , even though her character in the film was 18 years old . In 2012 , Matsui starred in the third episode of the television miniseries Blackboard : Jidai to Tatakatta Kyōshitachi . She played Minami Hirokawa , an honor student who was inspired by the rebellious Masaki that was played by Ryūnosuke Kamiki . In January 2014 , Matsui played as a new secretary to Koichi Satos character in a special broadcast of the mystery television drama Kagi no Kakatta Heya . In September , Matsui played a supporting role as a part-time maiko in Japan Academy Film Prize-winning musical comedy movie Lady Maiko directed by Masayuki Suo . In 2015 , Matsui starred in the movie Furiko , a live-action adaptation of a flip book-like short animation movie with the same title by comedian Tekken . The movie was screened at the 6th Okinawa International Movie Festival . Matsui played the role of Koharu Hasegawa , the daughter of the main characters , and portrayed her life from middle school to her 20s . In April 2016 , Matsui played the younger version of Miki Nakatanis role in Its Not That I Cant Marry , But I Dont Want To . In July , Matsui cast in her first non-AKB48 Group leading role in the midnight horror drama Death Cash broadcast on TBS . She played the role of Yuka Manami , a college student who was seeking the truth behind a mysterious case involving cursed 10,000 yen cash . SKE48s 20th single Kin no Ai , Gin no Ai served as its theme song . On October 2 , Matsui announced she would transfer her agency from AKS to Irving to improve her activities in the entertainment world , including acting . In 2019 , Matsui made her acting comeback by guest-starring in TV Asahis crime drama Emergency Interrogation Room alongside Yūki Amami . She played Hinako Tachibana , a new shogi champion who was suspected of murder . On April 18 , Matsui made her debut in a stage play by playing Hamlet in the SKE48 version of Hamlet . Written and directed by Maruo Maruichirō , the stage play is the culmination of acting challenges SKE48 members received from specialists on their variety TV show SKEBINGO! . In 2020 , Matsui reprised her role in Kagi no Kakatta Heya Special Edition 3 for a special re-broadcast with additional scenes . By the time of her graduation as an SKE48 member in 2021 , Matsui has starred in many AKB48 Group-related television series , including leading roles in Majisuka Gakuen 2 ( 2011 ) , Tōfu Pro Wrestling ( 2017 ) , and Cabasuka Gakuen ( 2016 ) . Other ventures . Endorsements and ambassadorships . As a solo artist , Matsui starred in TV commercials for part-time job search app Baitoru alongside her mother in 2015 . In 2017 , Matsui was appointed as the official ambassador of the Star Wars exhibition at Nagoya Castle that was held from February 16 to April 9 . With agency-mate and actress Manami Hashimoto , Matsui has promoted products for online casino game Mystino and real estate company . In sports . After playing the role of a pro-wrestling fighter in AKB48 Group drama Tōfu Pro Wrestling , Matsui was appointed as the special ambassador of the New Japan Pro-Wrestling Wrestle Kingdom 12 in Tokyo Dome in 2017 . In 2018 , Matsui was awarded the Special Award by Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards for sharing the wonders of professional wrestling to idol fans and her passion for the sport through her role and social media accounts . Matsui eventually started to be involved in other sports events . In September 2019 , Matsui was appointed as an official supporter of combat sport event held in Tokyo . In November , Matsui was appointed as a support ambassador B.League professional basketball team , San-en NeoPhoenix . She stated to have been interested in the team after watching their game in April . In October 2020 , Matsui attended the lighting ceremony for s night game as one of special judges in the naming of the event . Matsui occasionally served as a guest narrator in various sports promotions including Pro Wrestling Noah and WWE . Radio . On April 6 , 2019 , Matsui started the broadcasting of her first regular radio program titled on CBC Radio . The program aired every Saturday at 19:30 JST and ended on December 28 . YouTube channel . In October 2020 , Matsui launched her official YouTube channel . During the first live streaming on November 1 , Matsui chose Jurina House as the name for the channel out of approximately 80 suggestions received from Japanese and overseas fans . AKB48 General Election placements . Matsuis placements in AKB48s general election , an annual event to decide the promotional lineup or of the groups single : Stage credits . A listing of Matsuis participation in SKE48 and AKB48s theatre programs , called stages : - 2008–2009 : SKE48 Team S 1st Stage : - Unit songs : Skirt , Hirari , Hoshi no Ondo ( 1st unit ) and Classmate ( 2nd unit ) - 2009 : SKE48 Team S 2nd Stage : - Unit songs : Glory Days ( 1st unit ) and Wimbledon e Tsuretette ( 2nd unit ) - 2009–2013 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : - Unit songs : Omoide Ijou ( 1st unit ) and Ookami to Pride ( 2nd unit ) - 2012 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K Waiting Stage - Unit songs : Himawari ( 1st unit ) and Candy ( 2nd unit ) - 2013–2014 : SKE48 Team S 4th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Return Match - 2014–2016 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Onna no Ko no Dairokkan - 2014–2015 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gyakuten Oujisama - 2015 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gomen ne Jewel - 2016–present : SKE48 Team S 5th Stage : - Unit songs : Akai Pin Heel to Professor , Koppu no Naka no Komorebi ( 1st unit ) and Hana Uranai ( 2nd unit ) Discography . By the time of her graduation in 2021 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of all singles of SKE48 except Sōyūtoko Aru yo ne ? and served as the choreography center for 21 singles , including Stand by You which marked the start of the 11th year for the group . Matsui was also featured in the unit Love Crescendo . With AKB48 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of 43 singles of AKB48 and served as the center for 6 singles . She was also featured in the units AKBIdoling!! ! and NyaAKB . Songwriting credits . All credits are adapted from the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors , Composers and Publishers , unless stated otherwise . Awards . - Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards : Special Award ( 2017 ) - Yahoo ! Japan : Yahoo ! Search Awards Idol Category ( mid-year 2018 ) External links . - at SKE48 website
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Jurina Matsui became a member of what organization or association in Oct 2015?
|
/wiki/Jurina_Matsui#P463#2
|
Jurina Matsui Matsui debuted with SKE48 in 2008 and was soon appointed as the center position for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond , making her the first sister group member to participate and serve as the choreography center in the groups main single lineup . Matsui graduated from SKE48 in 2021 with last single Koiochi Flag . As a solo artist , Matsui has starred in many supporting roles and had her first leading role in horror TV drama Death Cash ( 2016 ) . She released her self-written first solo album Privacy on October 5 , 2019 . Matsui occasionally involves in sport events as TV personality , especially pro-wrestling . Early life . Jurina Matsui was born on March 8 , 1997 , in Kasugai , Aichi Prefecture as the only child to Yumiko Matsui , a cosmetologist . Matsui was interested in singing since nursery school , then came to like dancing when she started to attend hip-hop dance school around the third grade of primary school . Thinking singing and dancing are what idols do , Matsui started aiming to become an idol . Music career . 2008–2012 : Debut with Ōgoe Diamond and SKE48 . In 2008 , Matsui auditioned for SKE48 and made her debut performance on October 5 at SKE48 Theater in Sakae , Nagoya . Three months later , at the age of 11 , Matsui was chosen as the choreography center and the cover girl for AKB48s single Ōgoe Diamond . It was the first time an AKB48 single would feature a member of a sister group . In 2009 , Matsui was chosen again as one of the centers for AKB48s 11th major single 10nen Sakura with Atsuko Maeda . Since then Matsui continued to participate in the main lineup of AKB48s singles until 2018 , except singles which lineup was decided by the rock-paper-scissor tournaments . In August , Matsui served as the choreography center for SKE48s debut single Tsuyoki Mono yo then continued to hold that position until Mae Nomeri in 2015 . In 2011 , Matsui starred as one of the leading roles in the music video for AKB48s 20th single Sakura no Ki ni Narō . 2012–2017 : Concurrent position in AKB48 . In early 2012 , following scandals in which members Natsumi Hirajima and Rumi Yonezawa resigned from AKB48 , Matsui was added to AKB48 as a temporary concurrent member to fill in one of the vacant positions . She later made her debut performance at AKB48 Theater on June 1 . On September 18 , Matsui was announced to be one of the center performers for AKB48s 28th single Uza with Yuko Oshima , and performed the song for the first time at the groups rock-paper-scissors tournament . At the next rock-paper-scissors tournament in 2013 , Matsui came out as the winner after beating a total of 83 members which earned her the center position for the groups 34th single , Kimi no Hohoemi wo Yume ni Miru . In 2015 , Matsuis first solo song Akai Pinhiiru to Professor was released as one of the new songs for AKB48’s sixth studio album Koko ga Rhodes da , Koko de Tobe! . During the broadcast of AKB48 All Night Nippon on October 21 , 2015 , Matsui announced that she would terminate her concurrent position in AKB48 Team K after three years to commit herself to SKE48 . She subsequently had her last performance at the AKB48 Theater on December 24 . In 2017 , Matsuis first self-written song titled Hana Uranai was released and included in SKE48s second studio album Kakumei no Oka . Matsui stated that the song consists of her feelings towards her fellow first-generation members . In May , Matsui shared the choreography center position with Sakura Miyawaki for AKB48s commemorative single Negaigoto no Mochigusare which was used as the theme song for the junior high school division at the . 2018–2019 : Brief hiatus and solo album . In May 2018 , Matsui was one of the two SKE48 members to participate in the South Korean competition show , Produce 48 . On June 16 , Matsui collapsed on stage during a concert for the 10th AKB48 general election and had to be carried away to rest before returning . At the end of the night , Matsui was announced as the winner with 194,453 votes and would become the center performer for AKB48s 53rd single . On July 7 , SKE48 manager Yuasa Hiroshi released a statement that Matsui would halt all activities to take some time off to recover . Mnet later confirmed Matsui was also withdrawing from Produce 48 where she placed 13th in the voting results of the fifth episode with 329,455 votes . The news of her win and sickness made her one of the three most-searched idols in the first half of 2018 according to Yahoo ! Japan . Matsui resumed her activities on September 6 , 2018 , and made a surprise appearance at the SKE48 Theater to announce her return . Because of her long hiatus , Matsui was unable to participate in the recording of the song and music video of her winning single Sentimental Train . Matsui was temporarily replaced by storyboard and CG images in the unfinished version of the music video . On September 25 , the full version of both song and music video was released and could be downloaded by CD purchasers with serial numbers included in the CD . On October 5 , 2019 , which is also the 11th anniversary of her debut , Matsui released her debut solo album Privacy under label Showroom Records . A pre-release single KMT Dance was distributed on August 28 , accompanied by a Line Music campaign . All nine tracks in the album were written by Matsui and composed by . The release of the album was proposed by AKB48 Groups producer Yasushi Akimoto after witnessing how Matsuis sensitive lyrics and singing voice grabbed fans through her live streams on Showroom . 2020–present : Graduation from SKE48 . On February 7 , 2020 , Matsui announced her graduation from SKE48 . Her graduation concert was scheduled to be held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall on September 26–27 and her farewell performance on October 5 at SKE48 theater , which were eventually postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan . In commemoration of her upcoming graduation , SKE48 and Chukyo TV launched a paid virtual exhibition titled Jurinas Share Room which features more than 100 pieces of content taken from her 12 years of career . The special website was opened for a limited time for about three months which was divided into three seasons starting January 9 , 2021 . Matsuis last single as a member of SKE48 titled Koiochi Flag was released on February 3 , 2021 . All 68 members of SKE48 participated in the recording of the song and the music video . In addition to that , Matsui also produced a unit named Black Pearl from members who she felt they would be the future of SKE48 . She participated in all aspects , including songwriting , choreography , and styling . Matsui also wrote the lyrics for her graduation solo song . The single won first place on the Oricon Singles Weekly Chart . It marked SKE48s 23rd wins on the chart , making the group the fifth female artist who has the most number one positions in the history behind AKB48 , Ayumi Hamasaki , Seiko Matsuda , and Nogizaka46 . On April 11th , 2021 , Matsuis graduation concert was held at the Nippon Gaishi Hall and consisted of two shows - day and night - with two different setlists , with an audience less than 50% of the venues capacity . Matsui took part in the planning of the concert . The daytime show featured Pro Wrestling Noahs fighters , Naomichi Marufuji , Kaito Kiyomiya , Yo-Hey , and Yoshiki Inamura , as well as performance of several songs originally sung by Matsuis AKB48 senior members . The nighttime show featured her fellow first-generation members of SKE48 . Matsui also received congratulatory videos from former AKB48 and SKE48 members , several AKB48 Group members outside Japan , and Kenny Omega . At the end of the concert , Matsui and all members of SKE48 sang , an unreleased and unrecorded self-written song by Matsui . The solo and instrumental versions of the song were subsequently released as a digital single on May 19 . Matsui had her last performance as a member of SKE48 on April 29 at SKE48 Theater , ending her 13-year career as an idol . However , Matsui only appeared 48 minutes into the show after a series of solo performance of her junior members , to which she said she wanted them to gain experience . At the end of the show , Matsui expressed her intention to be active as an actress and TV personality in the future . Acting career . Matsui had first her first movie and non-AKB48 Group related role by starring in a Nagoya-based movie Waya ! Uchuu Ichi no Osekkai Daisakusen in 2011 . Matsui and another SKE48 member Kumi Yagami were given roles in the movie after director Kohatsu Yo held an audition for all 57 members of SKE48 at their theater . At the time of the filming , Matsui was only 13 years old , even though her character in the film was 18 years old . In 2012 , Matsui starred in the third episode of the television miniseries Blackboard : Jidai to Tatakatta Kyōshitachi . She played Minami Hirokawa , an honor student who was inspired by the rebellious Masaki that was played by Ryūnosuke Kamiki . In January 2014 , Matsui played as a new secretary to Koichi Satos character in a special broadcast of the mystery television drama Kagi no Kakatta Heya . In September , Matsui played a supporting role as a part-time maiko in Japan Academy Film Prize-winning musical comedy movie Lady Maiko directed by Masayuki Suo . In 2015 , Matsui starred in the movie Furiko , a live-action adaptation of a flip book-like short animation movie with the same title by comedian Tekken . The movie was screened at the 6th Okinawa International Movie Festival . Matsui played the role of Koharu Hasegawa , the daughter of the main characters , and portrayed her life from middle school to her 20s . In April 2016 , Matsui played the younger version of Miki Nakatanis role in Its Not That I Cant Marry , But I Dont Want To . In July , Matsui cast in her first non-AKB48 Group leading role in the midnight horror drama Death Cash broadcast on TBS . She played the role of Yuka Manami , a college student who was seeking the truth behind a mysterious case involving cursed 10,000 yen cash . SKE48s 20th single Kin no Ai , Gin no Ai served as its theme song . On October 2 , Matsui announced she would transfer her agency from AKS to Irving to improve her activities in the entertainment world , including acting . In 2019 , Matsui made her acting comeback by guest-starring in TV Asahis crime drama Emergency Interrogation Room alongside Yūki Amami . She played Hinako Tachibana , a new shogi champion who was suspected of murder . On April 18 , Matsui made her debut in a stage play by playing Hamlet in the SKE48 version of Hamlet . Written and directed by Maruo Maruichirō , the stage play is the culmination of acting challenges SKE48 members received from specialists on their variety TV show SKEBINGO! . In 2020 , Matsui reprised her role in Kagi no Kakatta Heya Special Edition 3 for a special re-broadcast with additional scenes . By the time of her graduation as an SKE48 member in 2021 , Matsui has starred in many AKB48 Group-related television series , including leading roles in Majisuka Gakuen 2 ( 2011 ) , Tōfu Pro Wrestling ( 2017 ) , and Cabasuka Gakuen ( 2016 ) . Other ventures . Endorsements and ambassadorships . As a solo artist , Matsui starred in TV commercials for part-time job search app Baitoru alongside her mother in 2015 . In 2017 , Matsui was appointed as the official ambassador of the Star Wars exhibition at Nagoya Castle that was held from February 16 to April 9 . With agency-mate and actress Manami Hashimoto , Matsui has promoted products for online casino game Mystino and real estate company . In sports . After playing the role of a pro-wrestling fighter in AKB48 Group drama Tōfu Pro Wrestling , Matsui was appointed as the special ambassador of the New Japan Pro-Wrestling Wrestle Kingdom 12 in Tokyo Dome in 2017 . In 2018 , Matsui was awarded the Special Award by Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards for sharing the wonders of professional wrestling to idol fans and her passion for the sport through her role and social media accounts . Matsui eventually started to be involved in other sports events . In September 2019 , Matsui was appointed as an official supporter of combat sport event held in Tokyo . In November , Matsui was appointed as a support ambassador B.League professional basketball team , San-en NeoPhoenix . She stated to have been interested in the team after watching their game in April . In October 2020 , Matsui attended the lighting ceremony for s night game as one of special judges in the naming of the event . Matsui occasionally served as a guest narrator in various sports promotions including Pro Wrestling Noah and WWE . Radio . On April 6 , 2019 , Matsui started the broadcasting of her first regular radio program titled on CBC Radio . The program aired every Saturday at 19:30 JST and ended on December 28 . YouTube channel . In October 2020 , Matsui launched her official YouTube channel . During the first live streaming on November 1 , Matsui chose Jurina House as the name for the channel out of approximately 80 suggestions received from Japanese and overseas fans . AKB48 General Election placements . Matsuis placements in AKB48s general election , an annual event to decide the promotional lineup or of the groups single : Stage credits . A listing of Matsuis participation in SKE48 and AKB48s theatre programs , called stages : - 2008–2009 : SKE48 Team S 1st Stage : - Unit songs : Skirt , Hirari , Hoshi no Ondo ( 1st unit ) and Classmate ( 2nd unit ) - 2009 : SKE48 Team S 2nd Stage : - Unit songs : Glory Days ( 1st unit ) and Wimbledon e Tsuretette ( 2nd unit ) - 2009–2013 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : - Unit songs : Omoide Ijou ( 1st unit ) and Ookami to Pride ( 2nd unit ) - 2012 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K Waiting Stage - Unit songs : Himawari ( 1st unit ) and Candy ( 2nd unit ) - 2013–2014 : SKE48 Team S 4th Stage : Reset - Unit songs : Kiseki wa ma ni Awanai - 2012–2014 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Return Match - 2014–2016 : SKE48 Team S 3rd Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Onna no Ko no Dairokkan - 2014–2015 : AKB48 Team K 6th Stage : Reset ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gyakuten Oujisama - 2015 : AKB48 Team K 4th Stage : ( Revival ) - Unit songs : Gomen ne Jewel - 2016–present : SKE48 Team S 5th Stage : - Unit songs : Akai Pin Heel to Professor , Koppu no Naka no Komorebi ( 1st unit ) and Hana Uranai ( 2nd unit ) Discography . By the time of her graduation in 2021 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of all singles of SKE48 except Sōyūtoko Aru yo ne ? and served as the choreography center for 21 singles , including Stand by You which marked the start of the 11th year for the group . Matsui was also featured in the unit Love Crescendo . With AKB48 , Matsui had been included in the promotional lineup of 43 singles of AKB48 and served as the center for 6 singles . She was also featured in the units AKBIdoling!! ! and NyaAKB . Songwriting credits . All credits are adapted from the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors , Composers and Publishers , unless stated otherwise . Awards . - Tokyo Sports Pro-Wrestling Awards : Special Award ( 2017 ) - Yahoo ! Japan : Yahoo ! Search Awards Idol Category ( mid-year 2018 ) External links . - at SKE48 website
|
[
"State Normal School"
] |
easy
|
Where was Lilian Welsh educated from 1874 to 1875?
|
/wiki/Lilian_Welsh#P69#0
|
Lilian Welsh Lilian Welsh ( March 6 , 1858 – February 23 , 1938 ) was an American physician , educator , suffragist , and advocate for womens health . She was on the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore and an active member of National American Woman Suffrage Association . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 . Early life and education . Welsh was born in Columbia , Pennsylvania on March 6 , 1858 to Annie Eunice ( née Young ) of Wrightsville and Thomas Welsh of Columbia . She was the fourth child and daughter in her family . Her father had served in the Mexican–American War before becoming a merchant and canalboat owner . He later rejoined the United States Army after the Battle of Fort Sumter to serve in the American Civil War . He eventually rose to the rank of brigadier general in 1863 before dying later that year of an illness during the Siege of Vicksburg . In 1873 , Welsh graduated from Columbia High School . She graduated from State Normal School in 1875 . Upon completing her undergraduate degree , Welsh returned to Columbia High School , where she worked as the principal for five years before entering the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886 . She earned a Doctor of Medicine in 1889 . Welsh originally intended to become a physiological chemistry teacher , and attended University of Zurich from 1889–1890 to prepare for this . In Zurich , she took the Universitys first course on bacteriology with her friend Mary Sherwood . Career in medicine and health advocacy . Welsh never found a teaching position , and later became a physician at Norristown State Hospital in 1890 . Two years later , Welsh joined Sherwood , to establish a private practice in Baltimore , Maryland . Welsh and Sherwood were both interested in preventive medicine and the health of expectant mothers and babies . They encountered gender discrimination and eventually closed their private practice . Welsh reflected in 1927 : “Most people still prefer men physicians to women in practically all lines . The women who have the largest general practice have settled , for the most part , in sections where live those who are not especially well off financially and where there are large foreign populations . In those communities which are popularly supposed to be inhabited by the more enlightened , the prejudice is all in favor of the masculine physician , no matter what may be the skill of the women . She added : “The most bitter critics of women as doctors and nurses were women more often than men…the conviction was deep rooted and widespread that women by nature were incapacitated for intellectual pursuits and any calling required education , knowledge and special skill were outside woman’s sphere.”In 1894 , Welsh joined the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore , later known as Goucher College , and served as the physician to students and as a professor of physiology and hygiene . She taught courses to women in personal and public health and physical exercise . Welsh was known at the college as an outspoken advocate of womens health and hygiene . For several years , she was the only female Full Professor . Welsh associated with Goucher College for thirty years . Welsh and Sherwood later were in charge of the Evening Dispensary For Working Women and Girls that was founded by Alice Hall and Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead . They directed the dispensary until its closure in 1910 . In 1897 , Welsh became the secretary of the Baltimore Association for the Promotion of the University Education of Women which advocated for women be accepted into the graduate school at Johns Hopkins University . This eventually occurred in 1908 . Around the turn of the century , Welsh was on a commission to fight tuberculosis was at the forefront of the Childrens Welfare Movement . Suffrage advocacy and civic involvement . Welsh was an active member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association , participating in many street parades and she helped prepare the 1906 convention . She collaborated with Mary Garrett , Mary Sherwood , and Susan B . Anthony on the College Evening event . Welsh facilitated 100 Goucher students and suffragists to attend the Woman suffrage parade of 1913 . Welsh was also a member of the Arundell Club and the Arundell Good Government Club . Personal life . Welsh never married . In 1935 , she returned to her familys home in Columbia , Pennsylvania after the death of Mary Sherwood , her long-time companion and life partner . Welsh died of encephalitis lethargica on February 23 , 1938 . Honors . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 .
|
[
"Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania"
] |
easy
|
Which school did Lilian Welsh go to from 1886 to 1889?
|
/wiki/Lilian_Welsh#P69#1
|
Lilian Welsh Lilian Welsh ( March 6 , 1858 – February 23 , 1938 ) was an American physician , educator , suffragist , and advocate for womens health . She was on the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore and an active member of National American Woman Suffrage Association . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 . Early life and education . Welsh was born in Columbia , Pennsylvania on March 6 , 1858 to Annie Eunice ( née Young ) of Wrightsville and Thomas Welsh of Columbia . She was the fourth child and daughter in her family . Her father had served in the Mexican–American War before becoming a merchant and canalboat owner . He later rejoined the United States Army after the Battle of Fort Sumter to serve in the American Civil War . He eventually rose to the rank of brigadier general in 1863 before dying later that year of an illness during the Siege of Vicksburg . In 1873 , Welsh graduated from Columbia High School . She graduated from State Normal School in 1875 . Upon completing her undergraduate degree , Welsh returned to Columbia High School , where she worked as the principal for five years before entering the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886 . She earned a Doctor of Medicine in 1889 . Welsh originally intended to become a physiological chemistry teacher , and attended University of Zurich from 1889–1890 to prepare for this . In Zurich , she took the Universitys first course on bacteriology with her friend Mary Sherwood . Career in medicine and health advocacy . Welsh never found a teaching position , and later became a physician at Norristown State Hospital in 1890 . Two years later , Welsh joined Sherwood , to establish a private practice in Baltimore , Maryland . Welsh and Sherwood were both interested in preventive medicine and the health of expectant mothers and babies . They encountered gender discrimination and eventually closed their private practice . Welsh reflected in 1927 : “Most people still prefer men physicians to women in practically all lines . The women who have the largest general practice have settled , for the most part , in sections where live those who are not especially well off financially and where there are large foreign populations . In those communities which are popularly supposed to be inhabited by the more enlightened , the prejudice is all in favor of the masculine physician , no matter what may be the skill of the women . She added : “The most bitter critics of women as doctors and nurses were women more often than men…the conviction was deep rooted and widespread that women by nature were incapacitated for intellectual pursuits and any calling required education , knowledge and special skill were outside woman’s sphere.”In 1894 , Welsh joined the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore , later known as Goucher College , and served as the physician to students and as a professor of physiology and hygiene . She taught courses to women in personal and public health and physical exercise . Welsh was known at the college as an outspoken advocate of womens health and hygiene . For several years , she was the only female Full Professor . Welsh associated with Goucher College for thirty years . Welsh and Sherwood later were in charge of the Evening Dispensary For Working Women and Girls that was founded by Alice Hall and Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead . They directed the dispensary until its closure in 1910 . In 1897 , Welsh became the secretary of the Baltimore Association for the Promotion of the University Education of Women which advocated for women be accepted into the graduate school at Johns Hopkins University . This eventually occurred in 1908 . Around the turn of the century , Welsh was on a commission to fight tuberculosis was at the forefront of the Childrens Welfare Movement . Suffrage advocacy and civic involvement . Welsh was an active member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association , participating in many street parades and she helped prepare the 1906 convention . She collaborated with Mary Garrett , Mary Sherwood , and Susan B . Anthony on the College Evening event . Welsh facilitated 100 Goucher students and suffragists to attend the Woman suffrage parade of 1913 . Welsh was also a member of the Arundell Club and the Arundell Good Government Club . Personal life . Welsh never married . In 1935 , she returned to her familys home in Columbia , Pennsylvania after the death of Mary Sherwood , her long-time companion and life partner . Welsh died of encephalitis lethargica on February 23 , 1938 . Honors . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 .
|
[
"University of Zurich"
] |
easy
|
Which school did Lilian Welsh go to from 1889 to 1890?
|
/wiki/Lilian_Welsh#P69#2
|
Lilian Welsh Lilian Welsh ( March 6 , 1858 – February 23 , 1938 ) was an American physician , educator , suffragist , and advocate for womens health . She was on the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore and an active member of National American Woman Suffrage Association . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 . Early life and education . Welsh was born in Columbia , Pennsylvania on March 6 , 1858 to Annie Eunice ( née Young ) of Wrightsville and Thomas Welsh of Columbia . She was the fourth child and daughter in her family . Her father had served in the Mexican–American War before becoming a merchant and canalboat owner . He later rejoined the United States Army after the Battle of Fort Sumter to serve in the American Civil War . He eventually rose to the rank of brigadier general in 1863 before dying later that year of an illness during the Siege of Vicksburg . In 1873 , Welsh graduated from Columbia High School . She graduated from State Normal School in 1875 . Upon completing her undergraduate degree , Welsh returned to Columbia High School , where she worked as the principal for five years before entering the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886 . She earned a Doctor of Medicine in 1889 . Welsh originally intended to become a physiological chemistry teacher , and attended University of Zurich from 1889–1890 to prepare for this . In Zurich , she took the Universitys first course on bacteriology with her friend Mary Sherwood . Career in medicine and health advocacy . Welsh never found a teaching position , and later became a physician at Norristown State Hospital in 1890 . Two years later , Welsh joined Sherwood , to establish a private practice in Baltimore , Maryland . Welsh and Sherwood were both interested in preventive medicine and the health of expectant mothers and babies . They encountered gender discrimination and eventually closed their private practice . Welsh reflected in 1927 : “Most people still prefer men physicians to women in practically all lines . The women who have the largest general practice have settled , for the most part , in sections where live those who are not especially well off financially and where there are large foreign populations . In those communities which are popularly supposed to be inhabited by the more enlightened , the prejudice is all in favor of the masculine physician , no matter what may be the skill of the women . She added : “The most bitter critics of women as doctors and nurses were women more often than men…the conviction was deep rooted and widespread that women by nature were incapacitated for intellectual pursuits and any calling required education , knowledge and special skill were outside woman’s sphere.”In 1894 , Welsh joined the faculty at Womans College of Baltimore , later known as Goucher College , and served as the physician to students and as a professor of physiology and hygiene . She taught courses to women in personal and public health and physical exercise . Welsh was known at the college as an outspoken advocate of womens health and hygiene . For several years , she was the only female Full Professor . Welsh associated with Goucher College for thirty years . Welsh and Sherwood later were in charge of the Evening Dispensary For Working Women and Girls that was founded by Alice Hall and Kate Campbell Hurd-Mead . They directed the dispensary until its closure in 1910 . In 1897 , Welsh became the secretary of the Baltimore Association for the Promotion of the University Education of Women which advocated for women be accepted into the graduate school at Johns Hopkins University . This eventually occurred in 1908 . Around the turn of the century , Welsh was on a commission to fight tuberculosis was at the forefront of the Childrens Welfare Movement . Suffrage advocacy and civic involvement . Welsh was an active member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association , participating in many street parades and she helped prepare the 1906 convention . She collaborated with Mary Garrett , Mary Sherwood , and Susan B . Anthony on the College Evening event . Welsh facilitated 100 Goucher students and suffragists to attend the Woman suffrage parade of 1913 . Welsh was also a member of the Arundell Club and the Arundell Good Government Club . Personal life . Welsh never married . In 1935 , she returned to her familys home in Columbia , Pennsylvania after the death of Mary Sherwood , her long-time companion and life partner . Welsh died of encephalitis lethargica on February 23 , 1938 . Honors . Welsh was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Womens Hall of Fame in 2017 .
|
[
"Charlotte Lysès"
] |
easy
|
Who was Sacha Guitry 's spouse from Aug 1907 to Jul 1918?
|
/wiki/Sacha_Guitry#P26#0
|
Sacha Guitry Alexandre-Pierre Georges Sacha Guitry ( ; 21 February 188524 July 1957 ) was a French stage actor , film actor , director , screenwriter , and playwright of the boulevard theatre . He was the son of a leading French actor , Lucien Guitry , and followed his father into the theatrical profession . He became known for his stage performances , particularly in boulevardier roles . He was also a prolific playwright , writing 115 plays throughout his career . He was married five times , always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered . Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932 . Guitrys plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies . Some have musical scores , by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn . When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them , finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact . From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema , making as many as five films in a single year . The later years of Guitrys career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War . The charges were dismissed , but Guitry , a strongly patriotic man , was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots . By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris . Life and career . Early years . Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect , Saint Petersburg , Russia , the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest ( 1858–1902 ) . The couple had eloped , in the face of family disapproval , and were married at St Martin in the Fields , London , in 1882 . They then moved to the Russian capital , where Lucien ran the French theatre company , the Théâtre Michel , from 1882 to 1891 . The marriage was brief . Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer , and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888 . Two of their sons died in infancy ( one in 1883 and the other in 1887 ) ; the other surviving son , Jean ( 1884–1920 ) became an actor and journalist . The familys Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierres name to the Russian diminutive Sacha , by which he was known all his life . The young Sacha made his stage debut in his fathers company at the age of five . Lucien Guitry , considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin , was immensely successful , both critically and commercially . When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot , overlooking the Place Vendôme . and the Rue de la Paix . The young Sacha lived there , and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement . He did not stay long there , and went to a succession of other schools , both secular and religious , before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen . After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page , with a score by Ludo Ratz , premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902 . Eighteen months later he joined his fathers company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance . At first he appeared under the stage name Lorcey ; the pseudonym deceived no-one , as the press immediately announced the debutants real identity . His first role was in LEscalier , by Maurice Donnay in November 1904 . He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitrys lack of professionalism . In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another . A member of Lucien Guitrys company was a young actress , Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune , whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès ( 1877–1956 ) . In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue dAnjou ( now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré ) . For her he wrote his play , Le KWTZ , premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins . In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins . When the leading man in Guitrys 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over , and in the words of a critic , proved to be his own definitive interpreter . The pattern of his career was set : he remained an actor-author , and later manager , for the rest of his life . Rise to prominence . For the next five years Guitrys plays were , at best , moderate successes , but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit ( 1911 ) , Un Beau mariage ( 1912 ) , Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom ( 1912 ) , La Pèlerine écossaise ( 1912 ) , and Les Deux converts ( 1914 ) , the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française . In 1915 , Guitry made his first cinema film , Ceux de chez nous ( Those of our home ) , a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day , including Sarah Bernhardt , Anatole France , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Auguste Rodin , Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns . He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film , regarding dialogue as the essence of drama ; he did not make a full-length film until 1935 . In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps , with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce . Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies . With Printemps . Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918 . Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps , including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit lhistoire . They played together not only in Paris , but in the West End of London . All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920 . Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage . Guitry developed a charming , witty stage persona , often appearing in period-dress light comedies , for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart , about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris . To compose the score he approached André Messager , with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps , Lamour masqué . Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn , who accepted the commission . The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy , but it proved highly popular . Printemps , in a breeches role , played and sang the young Mozart , with Guitry as the composers patron , Baron Grimm . Gielgud recalled , she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig , black knee breeches and buckled shoes , while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority , not attempting to try to sing himself , but contributing a kind of flowing , rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches , delivered in a deep caressing voice . After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII , the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926 . After the London production , Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway , Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927 . They returned to the US and Canada in 1929 . In 1931 , Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour , and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet , with dishes named after some of his greatest successes . Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up . He took a six-month break from the theatre , returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne , which co-starred his new protégée , Jacqueline Delubac , whom he married on his fiftieth birthday . During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema , as writer , director and star , while not neglecting his theatrical career . Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays . Among the latter was his hundredth play , Le Mot de Cambronne . Later years . In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play , Dieu sauve le roi , to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI ; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace . When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English , Youre Telling Me , in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it . As the war approached , Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance . On 16 August 1939 , when visiting London , Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park . His next play , Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac , who , in Morleys phrase , could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic . Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time ; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville , who had been in the cast of his London play . Guitrys career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France . He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis . Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy . He conceived his book and associated film , De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne dArc à Philippe Pétain ( 1429 to 1942 , or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain ) as a tribute to Frances past glories , but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France , Marshal Pétain . In 1944 Guitrys fourth wife left him . In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war , or tried after it . On the liberation of France , Guitry was among the first arrested , by a self-appointed militia . He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy , and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home . He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration , but the experience left him disillusioned . In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time ; he was sixty-two and his bride , Lana Marconi , was twenty-eight . He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948 , when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux . For the London season in 1953 , celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II , Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien , messieurs , a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman , played ( in English ) by Heather Thatcher . Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu . He continued to make films until 1957 , when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system . Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two . Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin , and he was buried , like his father , in the Cimetière de Montmartre , Paris . Legacy and reputation . Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitrys films . In 2011 , an auction of Guitry memorabilia , including manuscripts , drawings , paintings and photographs , was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris ; with more than eight hundred items , it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwrights death . In an obituary , The Manchester Guardian commented : Selected filmography . Film adaptations . - The Lover of Camille , directed by Harry Beaumont ( USA , 1924 , based on the play Deburau ) - Sleeping Partners , directed by Seymour Hicks ( UK , 1930 , based on the play Lets Make a Dream ) - Black and White , directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey ( France , 1931 , based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir ) Notes and references . - Notes - References
|
[
"Yvonne Printemps"
] |
easy
|
Who was Sacha Guitry 's spouse from Apr 1919 to Nov 1934?
|
/wiki/Sacha_Guitry#P26#1
|
Sacha Guitry Alexandre-Pierre Georges Sacha Guitry ( ; 21 February 188524 July 1957 ) was a French stage actor , film actor , director , screenwriter , and playwright of the boulevard theatre . He was the son of a leading French actor , Lucien Guitry , and followed his father into the theatrical profession . He became known for his stage performances , particularly in boulevardier roles . He was also a prolific playwright , writing 115 plays throughout his career . He was married five times , always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered . Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932 . Guitrys plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies . Some have musical scores , by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn . When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them , finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact . From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema , making as many as five films in a single year . The later years of Guitrys career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War . The charges were dismissed , but Guitry , a strongly patriotic man , was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots . By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris . Life and career . Early years . Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect , Saint Petersburg , Russia , the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest ( 1858–1902 ) . The couple had eloped , in the face of family disapproval , and were married at St Martin in the Fields , London , in 1882 . They then moved to the Russian capital , where Lucien ran the French theatre company , the Théâtre Michel , from 1882 to 1891 . The marriage was brief . Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer , and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888 . Two of their sons died in infancy ( one in 1883 and the other in 1887 ) ; the other surviving son , Jean ( 1884–1920 ) became an actor and journalist . The familys Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierres name to the Russian diminutive Sacha , by which he was known all his life . The young Sacha made his stage debut in his fathers company at the age of five . Lucien Guitry , considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin , was immensely successful , both critically and commercially . When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot , overlooking the Place Vendôme . and the Rue de la Paix . The young Sacha lived there , and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement . He did not stay long there , and went to a succession of other schools , both secular and religious , before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen . After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page , with a score by Ludo Ratz , premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902 . Eighteen months later he joined his fathers company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance . At first he appeared under the stage name Lorcey ; the pseudonym deceived no-one , as the press immediately announced the debutants real identity . His first role was in LEscalier , by Maurice Donnay in November 1904 . He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitrys lack of professionalism . In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another . A member of Lucien Guitrys company was a young actress , Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune , whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès ( 1877–1956 ) . In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue dAnjou ( now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré ) . For her he wrote his play , Le KWTZ , premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins . In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins . When the leading man in Guitrys 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over , and in the words of a critic , proved to be his own definitive interpreter . The pattern of his career was set : he remained an actor-author , and later manager , for the rest of his life . Rise to prominence . For the next five years Guitrys plays were , at best , moderate successes , but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit ( 1911 ) , Un Beau mariage ( 1912 ) , Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom ( 1912 ) , La Pèlerine écossaise ( 1912 ) , and Les Deux converts ( 1914 ) , the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française . In 1915 , Guitry made his first cinema film , Ceux de chez nous ( Those of our home ) , a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day , including Sarah Bernhardt , Anatole France , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Auguste Rodin , Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns . He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film , regarding dialogue as the essence of drama ; he did not make a full-length film until 1935 . In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps , with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce . Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies . With Printemps . Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918 . Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps , including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit lhistoire . They played together not only in Paris , but in the West End of London . All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920 . Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage . Guitry developed a charming , witty stage persona , often appearing in period-dress light comedies , for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart , about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris . To compose the score he approached André Messager , with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps , Lamour masqué . Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn , who accepted the commission . The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy , but it proved highly popular . Printemps , in a breeches role , played and sang the young Mozart , with Guitry as the composers patron , Baron Grimm . Gielgud recalled , she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig , black knee breeches and buckled shoes , while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority , not attempting to try to sing himself , but contributing a kind of flowing , rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches , delivered in a deep caressing voice . After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII , the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926 . After the London production , Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway , Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927 . They returned to the US and Canada in 1929 . In 1931 , Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour , and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet , with dishes named after some of his greatest successes . Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up . He took a six-month break from the theatre , returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne , which co-starred his new protégée , Jacqueline Delubac , whom he married on his fiftieth birthday . During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema , as writer , director and star , while not neglecting his theatrical career . Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays . Among the latter was his hundredth play , Le Mot de Cambronne . Later years . In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play , Dieu sauve le roi , to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI ; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace . When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English , Youre Telling Me , in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it . As the war approached , Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance . On 16 August 1939 , when visiting London , Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park . His next play , Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac , who , in Morleys phrase , could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic . Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time ; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville , who had been in the cast of his London play . Guitrys career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France . He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis . Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy . He conceived his book and associated film , De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne dArc à Philippe Pétain ( 1429 to 1942 , or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain ) as a tribute to Frances past glories , but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France , Marshal Pétain . In 1944 Guitrys fourth wife left him . In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war , or tried after it . On the liberation of France , Guitry was among the first arrested , by a self-appointed militia . He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy , and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home . He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration , but the experience left him disillusioned . In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time ; he was sixty-two and his bride , Lana Marconi , was twenty-eight . He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948 , when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux . For the London season in 1953 , celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II , Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien , messieurs , a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman , played ( in English ) by Heather Thatcher . Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu . He continued to make films until 1957 , when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system . Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two . Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin , and he was buried , like his father , in the Cimetière de Montmartre , Paris . Legacy and reputation . Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitrys films . In 2011 , an auction of Guitry memorabilia , including manuscripts , drawings , paintings and photographs , was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris ; with more than eight hundred items , it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwrights death . In an obituary , The Manchester Guardian commented : Selected filmography . Film adaptations . - The Lover of Camille , directed by Harry Beaumont ( USA , 1924 , based on the play Deburau ) - Sleeping Partners , directed by Seymour Hicks ( UK , 1930 , based on the play Lets Make a Dream ) - Black and White , directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey ( France , 1931 , based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir ) Notes and references . - Notes - References
|
[
"Jacqueline Delubac"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Sacha Guitry from Feb 1935 to Apr 1939?
|
/wiki/Sacha_Guitry#P26#2
|
Sacha Guitry Alexandre-Pierre Georges Sacha Guitry ( ; 21 February 188524 July 1957 ) was a French stage actor , film actor , director , screenwriter , and playwright of the boulevard theatre . He was the son of a leading French actor , Lucien Guitry , and followed his father into the theatrical profession . He became known for his stage performances , particularly in boulevardier roles . He was also a prolific playwright , writing 115 plays throughout his career . He was married five times , always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered . Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932 . Guitrys plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies . Some have musical scores , by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn . When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them , finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact . From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema , making as many as five films in a single year . The later years of Guitrys career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War . The charges were dismissed , but Guitry , a strongly patriotic man , was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots . By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris . Life and career . Early years . Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect , Saint Petersburg , Russia , the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest ( 1858–1902 ) . The couple had eloped , in the face of family disapproval , and were married at St Martin in the Fields , London , in 1882 . They then moved to the Russian capital , where Lucien ran the French theatre company , the Théâtre Michel , from 1882 to 1891 . The marriage was brief . Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer , and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888 . Two of their sons died in infancy ( one in 1883 and the other in 1887 ) ; the other surviving son , Jean ( 1884–1920 ) became an actor and journalist . The familys Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierres name to the Russian diminutive Sacha , by which he was known all his life . The young Sacha made his stage debut in his fathers company at the age of five . Lucien Guitry , considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin , was immensely successful , both critically and commercially . When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot , overlooking the Place Vendôme . and the Rue de la Paix . The young Sacha lived there , and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement . He did not stay long there , and went to a succession of other schools , both secular and religious , before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen . After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page , with a score by Ludo Ratz , premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902 . Eighteen months later he joined his fathers company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance . At first he appeared under the stage name Lorcey ; the pseudonym deceived no-one , as the press immediately announced the debutants real identity . His first role was in LEscalier , by Maurice Donnay in November 1904 . He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitrys lack of professionalism . In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another . A member of Lucien Guitrys company was a young actress , Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune , whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès ( 1877–1956 ) . In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue dAnjou ( now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré ) . For her he wrote his play , Le KWTZ , premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins . In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins . When the leading man in Guitrys 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over , and in the words of a critic , proved to be his own definitive interpreter . The pattern of his career was set : he remained an actor-author , and later manager , for the rest of his life . Rise to prominence . For the next five years Guitrys plays were , at best , moderate successes , but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit ( 1911 ) , Un Beau mariage ( 1912 ) , Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom ( 1912 ) , La Pèlerine écossaise ( 1912 ) , and Les Deux converts ( 1914 ) , the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française . In 1915 , Guitry made his first cinema film , Ceux de chez nous ( Those of our home ) , a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day , including Sarah Bernhardt , Anatole France , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Auguste Rodin , Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns . He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film , regarding dialogue as the essence of drama ; he did not make a full-length film until 1935 . In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps , with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce . Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies . With Printemps . Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918 . Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps , including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit lhistoire . They played together not only in Paris , but in the West End of London . All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920 . Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage . Guitry developed a charming , witty stage persona , often appearing in period-dress light comedies , for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart , about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris . To compose the score he approached André Messager , with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps , Lamour masqué . Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn , who accepted the commission . The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy , but it proved highly popular . Printemps , in a breeches role , played and sang the young Mozart , with Guitry as the composers patron , Baron Grimm . Gielgud recalled , she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig , black knee breeches and buckled shoes , while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority , not attempting to try to sing himself , but contributing a kind of flowing , rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches , delivered in a deep caressing voice . After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII , the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926 . After the London production , Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway , Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927 . They returned to the US and Canada in 1929 . In 1931 , Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour , and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet , with dishes named after some of his greatest successes . Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up . He took a six-month break from the theatre , returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne , which co-starred his new protégée , Jacqueline Delubac , whom he married on his fiftieth birthday . During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema , as writer , director and star , while not neglecting his theatrical career . Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays . Among the latter was his hundredth play , Le Mot de Cambronne . Later years . In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play , Dieu sauve le roi , to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI ; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace . When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English , Youre Telling Me , in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it . As the war approached , Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance . On 16 August 1939 , when visiting London , Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park . His next play , Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac , who , in Morleys phrase , could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic . Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time ; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville , who had been in the cast of his London play . Guitrys career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France . He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis . Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy . He conceived his book and associated film , De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne dArc à Philippe Pétain ( 1429 to 1942 , or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain ) as a tribute to Frances past glories , but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France , Marshal Pétain . In 1944 Guitrys fourth wife left him . In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war , or tried after it . On the liberation of France , Guitry was among the first arrested , by a self-appointed militia . He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy , and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home . He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration , but the experience left him disillusioned . In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time ; he was sixty-two and his bride , Lana Marconi , was twenty-eight . He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948 , when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux . For the London season in 1953 , celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II , Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien , messieurs , a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman , played ( in English ) by Heather Thatcher . Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu . He continued to make films until 1957 , when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system . Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two . Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin , and he was buried , like his father , in the Cimetière de Montmartre , Paris . Legacy and reputation . Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitrys films . In 2011 , an auction of Guitry memorabilia , including manuscripts , drawings , paintings and photographs , was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris ; with more than eight hundred items , it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwrights death . In an obituary , The Manchester Guardian commented : Selected filmography . Film adaptations . - The Lover of Camille , directed by Harry Beaumont ( USA , 1924 , based on the play Deburau ) - Sleeping Partners , directed by Seymour Hicks ( UK , 1930 , based on the play Lets Make a Dream ) - Black and White , directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey ( France , 1931 , based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir ) Notes and references . - Notes - References
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Who was Sacha Guitry 's spouse from Jul 1939 to Jul 1949?
|
/wiki/Sacha_Guitry#P26#3
|
Sacha Guitry Alexandre-Pierre Georges Sacha Guitry ( ; 21 February 188524 July 1957 ) was a French stage actor , film actor , director , screenwriter , and playwright of the boulevard theatre . He was the son of a leading French actor , Lucien Guitry , and followed his father into the theatrical profession . He became known for his stage performances , particularly in boulevardier roles . He was also a prolific playwright , writing 115 plays throughout his career . He was married five times , always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered . Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932 . Guitrys plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies . Some have musical scores , by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn . When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them , finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact . From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema , making as many as five films in a single year . The later years of Guitrys career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War . The charges were dismissed , but Guitry , a strongly patriotic man , was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots . By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris . Life and career . Early years . Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect , Saint Petersburg , Russia , the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest ( 1858–1902 ) . The couple had eloped , in the face of family disapproval , and were married at St Martin in the Fields , London , in 1882 . They then moved to the Russian capital , where Lucien ran the French theatre company , the Théâtre Michel , from 1882 to 1891 . The marriage was brief . Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer , and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888 . Two of their sons died in infancy ( one in 1883 and the other in 1887 ) ; the other surviving son , Jean ( 1884–1920 ) became an actor and journalist . The familys Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierres name to the Russian diminutive Sacha , by which he was known all his life . The young Sacha made his stage debut in his fathers company at the age of five . Lucien Guitry , considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin , was immensely successful , both critically and commercially . When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot , overlooking the Place Vendôme . and the Rue de la Paix . The young Sacha lived there , and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement . He did not stay long there , and went to a succession of other schools , both secular and religious , before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen . After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page , with a score by Ludo Ratz , premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902 . Eighteen months later he joined his fathers company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance . At first he appeared under the stage name Lorcey ; the pseudonym deceived no-one , as the press immediately announced the debutants real identity . His first role was in LEscalier , by Maurice Donnay in November 1904 . He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitrys lack of professionalism . In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another . A member of Lucien Guitrys company was a young actress , Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune , whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès ( 1877–1956 ) . In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue dAnjou ( now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré ) . For her he wrote his play , Le KWTZ , premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins . In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins . When the leading man in Guitrys 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over , and in the words of a critic , proved to be his own definitive interpreter . The pattern of his career was set : he remained an actor-author , and later manager , for the rest of his life . Rise to prominence . For the next five years Guitrys plays were , at best , moderate successes , but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit ( 1911 ) , Un Beau mariage ( 1912 ) , Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom ( 1912 ) , La Pèlerine écossaise ( 1912 ) , and Les Deux converts ( 1914 ) , the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française . In 1915 , Guitry made his first cinema film , Ceux de chez nous ( Those of our home ) , a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day , including Sarah Bernhardt , Anatole France , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Auguste Rodin , Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns . He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film , regarding dialogue as the essence of drama ; he did not make a full-length film until 1935 . In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps , with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce . Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies . With Printemps . Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918 . Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps , including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit lhistoire . They played together not only in Paris , but in the West End of London . All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920 . Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage . Guitry developed a charming , witty stage persona , often appearing in period-dress light comedies , for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart , about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris . To compose the score he approached André Messager , with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps , Lamour masqué . Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn , who accepted the commission . The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy , but it proved highly popular . Printemps , in a breeches role , played and sang the young Mozart , with Guitry as the composers patron , Baron Grimm . Gielgud recalled , she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig , black knee breeches and buckled shoes , while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority , not attempting to try to sing himself , but contributing a kind of flowing , rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches , delivered in a deep caressing voice . After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII , the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926 . After the London production , Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway , Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927 . They returned to the US and Canada in 1929 . In 1931 , Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour , and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet , with dishes named after some of his greatest successes . Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up . He took a six-month break from the theatre , returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne , which co-starred his new protégée , Jacqueline Delubac , whom he married on his fiftieth birthday . During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema , as writer , director and star , while not neglecting his theatrical career . Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays . Among the latter was his hundredth play , Le Mot de Cambronne . Later years . In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play , Dieu sauve le roi , to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI ; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace . When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English , Youre Telling Me , in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it . As the war approached , Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance . On 16 August 1939 , when visiting London , Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park . His next play , Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac , who , in Morleys phrase , could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic . Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time ; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville , who had been in the cast of his London play . Guitrys career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France . He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis . Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy . He conceived his book and associated film , De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne dArc à Philippe Pétain ( 1429 to 1942 , or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain ) as a tribute to Frances past glories , but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France , Marshal Pétain . In 1944 Guitrys fourth wife left him . In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war , or tried after it . On the liberation of France , Guitry was among the first arrested , by a self-appointed militia . He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy , and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home . He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration , but the experience left him disillusioned . In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time ; he was sixty-two and his bride , Lana Marconi , was twenty-eight . He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948 , when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux . For the London season in 1953 , celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II , Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien , messieurs , a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman , played ( in English ) by Heather Thatcher . Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu . He continued to make films until 1957 , when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system . Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two . Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin , and he was buried , like his father , in the Cimetière de Montmartre , Paris . Legacy and reputation . Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitrys films . In 2011 , an auction of Guitry memorabilia , including manuscripts , drawings , paintings and photographs , was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris ; with more than eight hundred items , it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwrights death . In an obituary , The Manchester Guardian commented : Selected filmography . Film adaptations . - The Lover of Camille , directed by Harry Beaumont ( USA , 1924 , based on the play Deburau ) - Sleeping Partners , directed by Seymour Hicks ( UK , 1930 , based on the play Lets Make a Dream ) - Black and White , directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey ( France , 1931 , based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir ) Notes and references . - Notes - References
|
[
"Lana Marconi"
] |
easy
|
Who was Sacha Guitry 's spouse from Nov 1949 to Nov 1950?
|
/wiki/Sacha_Guitry#P26#4
|
Sacha Guitry Alexandre-Pierre Georges Sacha Guitry ( ; 21 February 188524 July 1957 ) was a French stage actor , film actor , director , screenwriter , and playwright of the boulevard theatre . He was the son of a leading French actor , Lucien Guitry , and followed his father into the theatrical profession . He became known for his stage performances , particularly in boulevardier roles . He was also a prolific playwright , writing 115 plays throughout his career . He was married five times , always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered . Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932 . Guitrys plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies . Some have musical scores , by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn . When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them , finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact . From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema , making as many as five films in a single year . The later years of Guitrys career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War . The charges were dismissed , but Guitry , a strongly patriotic man , was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots . By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris . Life and career . Early years . Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect , Saint Petersburg , Russia , the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest ( 1858–1902 ) . The couple had eloped , in the face of family disapproval , and were married at St Martin in the Fields , London , in 1882 . They then moved to the Russian capital , where Lucien ran the French theatre company , the Théâtre Michel , from 1882 to 1891 . The marriage was brief . Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer , and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888 . Two of their sons died in infancy ( one in 1883 and the other in 1887 ) ; the other surviving son , Jean ( 1884–1920 ) became an actor and journalist . The familys Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierres name to the Russian diminutive Sacha , by which he was known all his life . The young Sacha made his stage debut in his fathers company at the age of five . Lucien Guitry , considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin , was immensely successful , both critically and commercially . When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot , overlooking the Place Vendôme . and the Rue de la Paix . The young Sacha lived there , and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement . He did not stay long there , and went to a succession of other schools , both secular and religious , before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen . After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page , with a score by Ludo Ratz , premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902 . Eighteen months later he joined his fathers company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance . At first he appeared under the stage name Lorcey ; the pseudonym deceived no-one , as the press immediately announced the debutants real identity . His first role was in LEscalier , by Maurice Donnay in November 1904 . He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitrys lack of professionalism . In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another . A member of Lucien Guitrys company was a young actress , Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune , whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès ( 1877–1956 ) . In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue dAnjou ( now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré ) . For her he wrote his play , Le KWTZ , premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins . In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins . When the leading man in Guitrys 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over , and in the words of a critic , proved to be his own definitive interpreter . The pattern of his career was set : he remained an actor-author , and later manager , for the rest of his life . Rise to prominence . For the next five years Guitrys plays were , at best , moderate successes , but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit ( 1911 ) , Un Beau mariage ( 1912 ) , Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom ( 1912 ) , La Pèlerine écossaise ( 1912 ) , and Les Deux converts ( 1914 ) , the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française . In 1915 , Guitry made his first cinema film , Ceux de chez nous ( Those of our home ) , a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day , including Sarah Bernhardt , Anatole France , Claude Monet , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Auguste Rodin , Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns . He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film , regarding dialogue as the essence of drama ; he did not make a full-length film until 1935 . In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps , with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce . Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies . With Printemps . Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918 . Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps , including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit lhistoire . They played together not only in Paris , but in the West End of London . All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920 . Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage . Guitry developed a charming , witty stage persona , often appearing in period-dress light comedies , for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart , about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris . To compose the score he approached André Messager , with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps , Lamour masqué . Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn , who accepted the commission . The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy , but it proved highly popular . Printemps , in a breeches role , played and sang the young Mozart , with Guitry as the composers patron , Baron Grimm . Gielgud recalled , she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig , black knee breeches and buckled shoes , while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority , not attempting to try to sing himself , but contributing a kind of flowing , rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches , delivered in a deep caressing voice . After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII , the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926 . After the London production , Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway , Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927 . They returned to the US and Canada in 1929 . In 1931 , Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour , and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet , with dishes named after some of his greatest successes . Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up . He took a six-month break from the theatre , returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne , which co-starred his new protégée , Jacqueline Delubac , whom he married on his fiftieth birthday . During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema , as writer , director and star , while not neglecting his theatrical career . Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays . Among the latter was his hundredth play , Le Mot de Cambronne . Later years . In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play , Dieu sauve le roi , to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI ; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace . When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English , Youre Telling Me , in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it . As the war approached , Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance . On 16 August 1939 , when visiting London , Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park . His next play , Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac , who , in Morleys phrase , could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic . Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time ; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville , who had been in the cast of his London play . Guitrys career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France . He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis . Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy . He conceived his book and associated film , De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne dArc à Philippe Pétain ( 1429 to 1942 , or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain ) as a tribute to Frances past glories , but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France , Marshal Pétain . In 1944 Guitrys fourth wife left him . In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war , or tried after it . On the liberation of France , Guitry was among the first arrested , by a self-appointed militia . He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy , and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home . He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration , but the experience left him disillusioned . In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time ; he was sixty-two and his bride , Lana Marconi , was twenty-eight . He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948 , when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux . For the London season in 1953 , celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II , Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien , messieurs , a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman , played ( in English ) by Heather Thatcher . Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu . He continued to make films until 1957 , when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system . Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two . Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin , and he was buried , like his father , in the Cimetière de Montmartre , Paris . Legacy and reputation . Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitrys films . In 2011 , an auction of Guitry memorabilia , including manuscripts , drawings , paintings and photographs , was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris ; with more than eight hundred items , it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwrights death . In an obituary , The Manchester Guardian commented : Selected filmography . Film adaptations . - The Lover of Camille , directed by Harry Beaumont ( USA , 1924 , based on the play Deburau ) - Sleeping Partners , directed by Seymour Hicks ( UK , 1930 , based on the play Lets Make a Dream ) - Black and White , directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey ( France , 1931 , based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir ) Notes and references . - Notes - References
|
[
"Reading"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Johnny Brooks belong to from 1949 to 1953?
|
/wiki/Johnny_Brooks#P54#0
|
Johnny Brooks John Brooks ( 23 December 1931 – 7 June 2016 ) was an English professional footballer and manager who played for Reading , Tottenham Hotspur , Chelsea , Brentford , Crystal Palace in the Football League . Brooks won three England caps and scored two goals . Towards the end of his career he played in non-league football with Stevenage Town and Cambridge City and in North America with Cleveland Stokers . He later player-managed Knebworth . His son Shaun Brooks also had a career in professional football . Playing career . Reading . Brooks career began as a youth at Coley Old Boys , Mount Pleasant , Castle Street Institute and he also represented Reading & Berkshire schoolboys . An inside forward , began his senior club career at hometown Third Division South club Reading . Brooks joined the Royals in February 1949 as an amateur and signed a professional contract two months later . While with Reading , Brooks served his national service at Aldershot and represented the Army football team . He made 46 league appearances and scored five goals over the course of a three-year spell and helped the club to third and second-place finishes in the 1950–51 and 1951–52 seasons respectively.<ref F.C.|id=READING } } </ref></ref> Brooks departed Elm Park in February 1953 and was posthumously inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 2018 . Tottenham Hotspur . After turning down moves to Newcastle United , Arsenal and West Ham United , Brooks joined First Division club Tottenham Hotspur in February 1953 for a £6,000 fee , with Dennis Uphill and Harry Robshaw moving to Reading . He later recalled that Tottenham had always been in his blood , after watching the 1949–50 Second Division and 1950–51 First Division championship triumphs on the terraces at White Hart Lane . After beginning his career with the club in the reserve team , Brooks made his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat to Stoke City on 6 April 1953 , but it would prove to be his only appearance of the 1952–53 season . By the 1954–55 season , Brooks had broken through into the first team and made 31 appearances , scoring seven goals . After the departure of manager Arthur Rowe in 1955 , the best years of Brooks Spurs career came under new manager Jimmy Anderson and he scored in double figures to help Tottenham to second and third-place finishes in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons respectively.<ref Hotspur His performances also won him England recognition . A bust up with new manager Bill Nicholson after a 6–0 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1958 was the beginning of the end of Brooks time at White Hart Lane and he departed the club in December 1959 . Brooks scored 51 goals in 179 appearances during his six and a half years with Tottenham . Chelsea . Brooks joined First Division club Chelsea for a £20,000 fee in December 1959 , with Les Allen moving to Tottenham Hotspur in exchange . The move reunited Brooks with his former Reading manager Ted Drake . He made 52 appearances and scored seven goals over the course of a spell which lasted until September 1961 . Brentford . Brooks signed for Chelseas West London neighbours Brentford in September 1961 in a £5,000 deal . He made 38 league appearances and scored 10 goals over the course of a disastrous 1961–62 season in the Third Division , with a 23rd-place finish relegating the Bees to the Fourth Division for the 1962–63 season . In the Fourth Division , Brooks was the playmaker and inspired Brentford to the title , making 39 appearances , scoring 22 goals and winning the first club silverware of his career . He missed the final few games of the season after suffering a torn groin and his fitness troubles continued into the 1963–64 season , in which he scored four goals in six games before leaving the club . Brooks made 92 appearances and scored over 40 goals during his time at Griffin Park . Looking back in 2005 , Brooks revealed in many ways the two years I spent at Brentford were my happiest in the game . Crystal Palace . Brooks joined Third Division club Crystal Palace in January 1964 . He made just seven appearances for the club before departing at the end of the 1963–64 season , after the clubs promotion to the Second Division was confirmed . Toronto City . Brooks spurned the interest of Lincoln City and Aldershot and travelled to Canada in May 1964 , to sign for Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League club Toronto City . Among his teammates at the club were Tony Book , Ted Purdon , Norman Sykes and player-manager Malcolm Allison . Non-league football . Brooks returned to the UK in September 1964 and signed for Southern League club Stevenage Town , managed by George Curtis . He later moved within the league to join Cambridge City . Cleveland Stokers . Brooks returned to North America to play in the North American Soccer League with Cleveland Stokers in 1968 . He made 22 appearances and scored one goal in his spell . Return to non-league football . After his return to the UK , Brooks played for and managed Herts Senior County League club Knebworth well into his fifties . He later coached the teams at Moordown Youth and served as president of Bournemouth . International career . Brooks goalscoring for Tottenham Hotspur won him a call up to the England squad for a British Home Championship match versus Wales on 14 November 1956 . He scored the second goal in a 3–1 victory . He was called up again for a friendly versus Yugoslavia two weeks later and again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 win . Brooks third and final cap came in a 5–2 1958 World Cup qualification win over Denmark on 5 December 1956 . Personal life . Brooks was one of the earliest British footballers to endorse hair products , advertising Max Factor shampoo during the 1950s . Brooks son Shaun was also a professional footballer and played for Leyton Orient , Crystal Palace , Bournemouth , was capped by England at schoolboy and youth level and managed Dorchester Town . After retiring from football , Brooks worked alongside friend and former teammate Tommy Harmer as a brokers messenger for Bank Hapoalim , until being made redundant at the age of 60 . With the help of former teammate Micky Dulin , Brooks then became a park-keeper at Ridgeway Park in Chingford . Brooks retired and moved to Bournemouth in 1997 . It was reported in 2014 that Brooks was suffering with vascular dementia and he died on 7 June 2016 . Honours . England - British Home Championship : 1956–57 Brentford - Football League Fourth Division : 1962–63 Crystal Palace - Football League Third Division second-place promotion : 1963–64 Individual - Reading Hall of Fame External links . - Fact file - England international career - Johnny Brooks interview - Tottenham Hotspur F.C A-Z of players
|
[
"Tottenham Hotspur"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Johnny Brooks play for from 1953 to 1959?
|
/wiki/Johnny_Brooks#P54#1
|
Johnny Brooks John Brooks ( 23 December 1931 – 7 June 2016 ) was an English professional footballer and manager who played for Reading , Tottenham Hotspur , Chelsea , Brentford , Crystal Palace in the Football League . Brooks won three England caps and scored two goals . Towards the end of his career he played in non-league football with Stevenage Town and Cambridge City and in North America with Cleveland Stokers . He later player-managed Knebworth . His son Shaun Brooks also had a career in professional football . Playing career . Reading . Brooks career began as a youth at Coley Old Boys , Mount Pleasant , Castle Street Institute and he also represented Reading & Berkshire schoolboys . An inside forward , began his senior club career at hometown Third Division South club Reading . Brooks joined the Royals in February 1949 as an amateur and signed a professional contract two months later . While with Reading , Brooks served his national service at Aldershot and represented the Army football team . He made 46 league appearances and scored five goals over the course of a three-year spell and helped the club to third and second-place finishes in the 1950–51 and 1951–52 seasons respectively.<ref F.C.|id=READING } } </ref></ref> Brooks departed Elm Park in February 1953 and was posthumously inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 2018 . Tottenham Hotspur . After turning down moves to Newcastle United , Arsenal and West Ham United , Brooks joined First Division club Tottenham Hotspur in February 1953 for a £6,000 fee , with Dennis Uphill and Harry Robshaw moving to Reading . He later recalled that Tottenham had always been in his blood , after watching the 1949–50 Second Division and 1950–51 First Division championship triumphs on the terraces at White Hart Lane . After beginning his career with the club in the reserve team , Brooks made his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat to Stoke City on 6 April 1953 , but it would prove to be his only appearance of the 1952–53 season . By the 1954–55 season , Brooks had broken through into the first team and made 31 appearances , scoring seven goals . After the departure of manager Arthur Rowe in 1955 , the best years of Brooks Spurs career came under new manager Jimmy Anderson and he scored in double figures to help Tottenham to second and third-place finishes in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons respectively.<ref Hotspur His performances also won him England recognition . A bust up with new manager Bill Nicholson after a 6–0 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1958 was the beginning of the end of Brooks time at White Hart Lane and he departed the club in December 1959 . Brooks scored 51 goals in 179 appearances during his six and a half years with Tottenham . Chelsea . Brooks joined First Division club Chelsea for a £20,000 fee in December 1959 , with Les Allen moving to Tottenham Hotspur in exchange . The move reunited Brooks with his former Reading manager Ted Drake . He made 52 appearances and scored seven goals over the course of a spell which lasted until September 1961 . Brentford . Brooks signed for Chelseas West London neighbours Brentford in September 1961 in a £5,000 deal . He made 38 league appearances and scored 10 goals over the course of a disastrous 1961–62 season in the Third Division , with a 23rd-place finish relegating the Bees to the Fourth Division for the 1962–63 season . In the Fourth Division , Brooks was the playmaker and inspired Brentford to the title , making 39 appearances , scoring 22 goals and winning the first club silverware of his career . He missed the final few games of the season after suffering a torn groin and his fitness troubles continued into the 1963–64 season , in which he scored four goals in six games before leaving the club . Brooks made 92 appearances and scored over 40 goals during his time at Griffin Park . Looking back in 2005 , Brooks revealed in many ways the two years I spent at Brentford were my happiest in the game . Crystal Palace . Brooks joined Third Division club Crystal Palace in January 1964 . He made just seven appearances for the club before departing at the end of the 1963–64 season , after the clubs promotion to the Second Division was confirmed . Toronto City . Brooks spurned the interest of Lincoln City and Aldershot and travelled to Canada in May 1964 , to sign for Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League club Toronto City . Among his teammates at the club were Tony Book , Ted Purdon , Norman Sykes and player-manager Malcolm Allison . Non-league football . Brooks returned to the UK in September 1964 and signed for Southern League club Stevenage Town , managed by George Curtis . He later moved within the league to join Cambridge City . Cleveland Stokers . Brooks returned to North America to play in the North American Soccer League with Cleveland Stokers in 1968 . He made 22 appearances and scored one goal in his spell . Return to non-league football . After his return to the UK , Brooks played for and managed Herts Senior County League club Knebworth well into his fifties . He later coached the teams at Moordown Youth and served as president of Bournemouth . International career . Brooks goalscoring for Tottenham Hotspur won him a call up to the England squad for a British Home Championship match versus Wales on 14 November 1956 . He scored the second goal in a 3–1 victory . He was called up again for a friendly versus Yugoslavia two weeks later and again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 win . Brooks third and final cap came in a 5–2 1958 World Cup qualification win over Denmark on 5 December 1956 . Personal life . Brooks was one of the earliest British footballers to endorse hair products , advertising Max Factor shampoo during the 1950s . Brooks son Shaun was also a professional footballer and played for Leyton Orient , Crystal Palace , Bournemouth , was capped by England at schoolboy and youth level and managed Dorchester Town . After retiring from football , Brooks worked alongside friend and former teammate Tommy Harmer as a brokers messenger for Bank Hapoalim , until being made redundant at the age of 60 . With the help of former teammate Micky Dulin , Brooks then became a park-keeper at Ridgeway Park in Chingford . Brooks retired and moved to Bournemouth in 1997 . It was reported in 2014 that Brooks was suffering with vascular dementia and he died on 7 June 2016 . Honours . England - British Home Championship : 1956–57 Brentford - Football League Fourth Division : 1962–63 Crystal Palace - Football League Third Division second-place promotion : 1963–64 Individual - Reading Hall of Fame External links . - Fact file - England international career - Johnny Brooks interview - Tottenham Hotspur F.C A-Z of players
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which team did Johnny Brooks play for from 1959 to 1961?
|
/wiki/Johnny_Brooks#P54#2
|
Johnny Brooks John Brooks ( 23 December 1931 – 7 June 2016 ) was an English professional footballer and manager who played for Reading , Tottenham Hotspur , Chelsea , Brentford , Crystal Palace in the Football League . Brooks won three England caps and scored two goals . Towards the end of his career he played in non-league football with Stevenage Town and Cambridge City and in North America with Cleveland Stokers . He later player-managed Knebworth . His son Shaun Brooks also had a career in professional football . Playing career . Reading . Brooks career began as a youth at Coley Old Boys , Mount Pleasant , Castle Street Institute and he also represented Reading & Berkshire schoolboys . An inside forward , began his senior club career at hometown Third Division South club Reading . Brooks joined the Royals in February 1949 as an amateur and signed a professional contract two months later . While with Reading , Brooks served his national service at Aldershot and represented the Army football team . He made 46 league appearances and scored five goals over the course of a three-year spell and helped the club to third and second-place finishes in the 1950–51 and 1951–52 seasons respectively.<ref F.C.|id=READING } } </ref></ref> Brooks departed Elm Park in February 1953 and was posthumously inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 2018 . Tottenham Hotspur . After turning down moves to Newcastle United , Arsenal and West Ham United , Brooks joined First Division club Tottenham Hotspur in February 1953 for a £6,000 fee , with Dennis Uphill and Harry Robshaw moving to Reading . He later recalled that Tottenham had always been in his blood , after watching the 1949–50 Second Division and 1950–51 First Division championship triumphs on the terraces at White Hart Lane . After beginning his career with the club in the reserve team , Brooks made his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat to Stoke City on 6 April 1953 , but it would prove to be his only appearance of the 1952–53 season . By the 1954–55 season , Brooks had broken through into the first team and made 31 appearances , scoring seven goals . After the departure of manager Arthur Rowe in 1955 , the best years of Brooks Spurs career came under new manager Jimmy Anderson and he scored in double figures to help Tottenham to second and third-place finishes in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons respectively.<ref Hotspur His performances also won him England recognition . A bust up with new manager Bill Nicholson after a 6–0 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1958 was the beginning of the end of Brooks time at White Hart Lane and he departed the club in December 1959 . Brooks scored 51 goals in 179 appearances during his six and a half years with Tottenham . Chelsea . Brooks joined First Division club Chelsea for a £20,000 fee in December 1959 , with Les Allen moving to Tottenham Hotspur in exchange . The move reunited Brooks with his former Reading manager Ted Drake . He made 52 appearances and scored seven goals over the course of a spell which lasted until September 1961 . Brentford . Brooks signed for Chelseas West London neighbours Brentford in September 1961 in a £5,000 deal . He made 38 league appearances and scored 10 goals over the course of a disastrous 1961–62 season in the Third Division , with a 23rd-place finish relegating the Bees to the Fourth Division for the 1962–63 season . In the Fourth Division , Brooks was the playmaker and inspired Brentford to the title , making 39 appearances , scoring 22 goals and winning the first club silverware of his career . He missed the final few games of the season after suffering a torn groin and his fitness troubles continued into the 1963–64 season , in which he scored four goals in six games before leaving the club . Brooks made 92 appearances and scored over 40 goals during his time at Griffin Park . Looking back in 2005 , Brooks revealed in many ways the two years I spent at Brentford were my happiest in the game . Crystal Palace . Brooks joined Third Division club Crystal Palace in January 1964 . He made just seven appearances for the club before departing at the end of the 1963–64 season , after the clubs promotion to the Second Division was confirmed . Toronto City . Brooks spurned the interest of Lincoln City and Aldershot and travelled to Canada in May 1964 , to sign for Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League club Toronto City . Among his teammates at the club were Tony Book , Ted Purdon , Norman Sykes and player-manager Malcolm Allison . Non-league football . Brooks returned to the UK in September 1964 and signed for Southern League club Stevenage Town , managed by George Curtis . He later moved within the league to join Cambridge City . Cleveland Stokers . Brooks returned to North America to play in the North American Soccer League with Cleveland Stokers in 1968 . He made 22 appearances and scored one goal in his spell . Return to non-league football . After his return to the UK , Brooks played for and managed Herts Senior County League club Knebworth well into his fifties . He later coached the teams at Moordown Youth and served as president of Bournemouth . International career . Brooks goalscoring for Tottenham Hotspur won him a call up to the England squad for a British Home Championship match versus Wales on 14 November 1956 . He scored the second goal in a 3–1 victory . He was called up again for a friendly versus Yugoslavia two weeks later and again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 win . Brooks third and final cap came in a 5–2 1958 World Cup qualification win over Denmark on 5 December 1956 . Personal life . Brooks was one of the earliest British footballers to endorse hair products , advertising Max Factor shampoo during the 1950s . Brooks son Shaun was also a professional footballer and played for Leyton Orient , Crystal Palace , Bournemouth , was capped by England at schoolboy and youth level and managed Dorchester Town . After retiring from football , Brooks worked alongside friend and former teammate Tommy Harmer as a brokers messenger for Bank Hapoalim , until being made redundant at the age of 60 . With the help of former teammate Micky Dulin , Brooks then became a park-keeper at Ridgeway Park in Chingford . Brooks retired and moved to Bournemouth in 1997 . It was reported in 2014 that Brooks was suffering with vascular dementia and he died on 7 June 2016 . Honours . England - British Home Championship : 1956–57 Brentford - Football League Fourth Division : 1962–63 Crystal Palace - Football League Third Division second-place promotion : 1963–64 Individual - Reading Hall of Fame External links . - Fact file - England international career - Johnny Brooks interview - Tottenham Hotspur F.C A-Z of players
|
[
"Brentford"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Johnny Brooks belong to from 1961 to 1963?
|
/wiki/Johnny_Brooks#P54#3
|
Johnny Brooks John Brooks ( 23 December 1931 – 7 June 2016 ) was an English professional footballer and manager who played for Reading , Tottenham Hotspur , Chelsea , Brentford , Crystal Palace in the Football League . Brooks won three England caps and scored two goals . Towards the end of his career he played in non-league football with Stevenage Town and Cambridge City and in North America with Cleveland Stokers . He later player-managed Knebworth . His son Shaun Brooks also had a career in professional football . Playing career . Reading . Brooks career began as a youth at Coley Old Boys , Mount Pleasant , Castle Street Institute and he also represented Reading & Berkshire schoolboys . An inside forward , began his senior club career at hometown Third Division South club Reading . Brooks joined the Royals in February 1949 as an amateur and signed a professional contract two months later . While with Reading , Brooks served his national service at Aldershot and represented the Army football team . He made 46 league appearances and scored five goals over the course of a three-year spell and helped the club to third and second-place finishes in the 1950–51 and 1951–52 seasons respectively.<ref F.C.|id=READING } } </ref></ref> Brooks departed Elm Park in February 1953 and was posthumously inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 2018 . Tottenham Hotspur . After turning down moves to Newcastle United , Arsenal and West Ham United , Brooks joined First Division club Tottenham Hotspur in February 1953 for a £6,000 fee , with Dennis Uphill and Harry Robshaw moving to Reading . He later recalled that Tottenham had always been in his blood , after watching the 1949–50 Second Division and 1950–51 First Division championship triumphs on the terraces at White Hart Lane . After beginning his career with the club in the reserve team , Brooks made his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat to Stoke City on 6 April 1953 , but it would prove to be his only appearance of the 1952–53 season . By the 1954–55 season , Brooks had broken through into the first team and made 31 appearances , scoring seven goals . After the departure of manager Arthur Rowe in 1955 , the best years of Brooks Spurs career came under new manager Jimmy Anderson and he scored in double figures to help Tottenham to second and third-place finishes in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons respectively.<ref Hotspur His performances also won him England recognition . A bust up with new manager Bill Nicholson after a 6–0 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1958 was the beginning of the end of Brooks time at White Hart Lane and he departed the club in December 1959 . Brooks scored 51 goals in 179 appearances during his six and a half years with Tottenham . Chelsea . Brooks joined First Division club Chelsea for a £20,000 fee in December 1959 , with Les Allen moving to Tottenham Hotspur in exchange . The move reunited Brooks with his former Reading manager Ted Drake . He made 52 appearances and scored seven goals over the course of a spell which lasted until September 1961 . Brentford . Brooks signed for Chelseas West London neighbours Brentford in September 1961 in a £5,000 deal . He made 38 league appearances and scored 10 goals over the course of a disastrous 1961–62 season in the Third Division , with a 23rd-place finish relegating the Bees to the Fourth Division for the 1962–63 season . In the Fourth Division , Brooks was the playmaker and inspired Brentford to the title , making 39 appearances , scoring 22 goals and winning the first club silverware of his career . He missed the final few games of the season after suffering a torn groin and his fitness troubles continued into the 1963–64 season , in which he scored four goals in six games before leaving the club . Brooks made 92 appearances and scored over 40 goals during his time at Griffin Park . Looking back in 2005 , Brooks revealed in many ways the two years I spent at Brentford were my happiest in the game . Crystal Palace . Brooks joined Third Division club Crystal Palace in January 1964 . He made just seven appearances for the club before departing at the end of the 1963–64 season , after the clubs promotion to the Second Division was confirmed . Toronto City . Brooks spurned the interest of Lincoln City and Aldershot and travelled to Canada in May 1964 , to sign for Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League club Toronto City . Among his teammates at the club were Tony Book , Ted Purdon , Norman Sykes and player-manager Malcolm Allison . Non-league football . Brooks returned to the UK in September 1964 and signed for Southern League club Stevenage Town , managed by George Curtis . He later moved within the league to join Cambridge City . Cleveland Stokers . Brooks returned to North America to play in the North American Soccer League with Cleveland Stokers in 1968 . He made 22 appearances and scored one goal in his spell . Return to non-league football . After his return to the UK , Brooks played for and managed Herts Senior County League club Knebworth well into his fifties . He later coached the teams at Moordown Youth and served as president of Bournemouth . International career . Brooks goalscoring for Tottenham Hotspur won him a call up to the England squad for a British Home Championship match versus Wales on 14 November 1956 . He scored the second goal in a 3–1 victory . He was called up again for a friendly versus Yugoslavia two weeks later and again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 win . Brooks third and final cap came in a 5–2 1958 World Cup qualification win over Denmark on 5 December 1956 . Personal life . Brooks was one of the earliest British footballers to endorse hair products , advertising Max Factor shampoo during the 1950s . Brooks son Shaun was also a professional footballer and played for Leyton Orient , Crystal Palace , Bournemouth , was capped by England at schoolboy and youth level and managed Dorchester Town . After retiring from football , Brooks worked alongside friend and former teammate Tommy Harmer as a brokers messenger for Bank Hapoalim , until being made redundant at the age of 60 . With the help of former teammate Micky Dulin , Brooks then became a park-keeper at Ridgeway Park in Chingford . Brooks retired and moved to Bournemouth in 1997 . It was reported in 2014 that Brooks was suffering with vascular dementia and he died on 7 June 2016 . Honours . England - British Home Championship : 1956–57 Brentford - Football League Fourth Division : 1962–63 Crystal Palace - Football League Third Division second-place promotion : 1963–64 Individual - Reading Hall of Fame External links . - Fact file - England international career - Johnny Brooks interview - Tottenham Hotspur F.C A-Z of players
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which team did Johnny Brooks play for from 1967 to 1968?
|
/wiki/Johnny_Brooks#P54#4
|
Johnny Brooks John Brooks ( 23 December 1931 – 7 June 2016 ) was an English professional footballer and manager who played for Reading , Tottenham Hotspur , Chelsea , Brentford , Crystal Palace in the Football League . Brooks won three England caps and scored two goals . Towards the end of his career he played in non-league football with Stevenage Town and Cambridge City and in North America with Cleveland Stokers . He later player-managed Knebworth . His son Shaun Brooks also had a career in professional football . Playing career . Reading . Brooks career began as a youth at Coley Old Boys , Mount Pleasant , Castle Street Institute and he also represented Reading & Berkshire schoolboys . An inside forward , began his senior club career at hometown Third Division South club Reading . Brooks joined the Royals in February 1949 as an amateur and signed a professional contract two months later . While with Reading , Brooks served his national service at Aldershot and represented the Army football team . He made 46 league appearances and scored five goals over the course of a three-year spell and helped the club to third and second-place finishes in the 1950–51 and 1951–52 seasons respectively.<ref F.C.|id=READING } } </ref></ref> Brooks departed Elm Park in February 1953 and was posthumously inducted into the Reading Hall of Fame in 2018 . Tottenham Hotspur . After turning down moves to Newcastle United , Arsenal and West Ham United , Brooks joined First Division club Tottenham Hotspur in February 1953 for a £6,000 fee , with Dennis Uphill and Harry Robshaw moving to Reading . He later recalled that Tottenham had always been in his blood , after watching the 1949–50 Second Division and 1950–51 First Division championship triumphs on the terraces at White Hart Lane . After beginning his career with the club in the reserve team , Brooks made his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat to Stoke City on 6 April 1953 , but it would prove to be his only appearance of the 1952–53 season . By the 1954–55 season , Brooks had broken through into the first team and made 31 appearances , scoring seven goals . After the departure of manager Arthur Rowe in 1955 , the best years of Brooks Spurs career came under new manager Jimmy Anderson and he scored in double figures to help Tottenham to second and third-place finishes in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons respectively.<ref Hotspur His performances also won him England recognition . A bust up with new manager Bill Nicholson after a 6–0 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1958 was the beginning of the end of Brooks time at White Hart Lane and he departed the club in December 1959 . Brooks scored 51 goals in 179 appearances during his six and a half years with Tottenham . Chelsea . Brooks joined First Division club Chelsea for a £20,000 fee in December 1959 , with Les Allen moving to Tottenham Hotspur in exchange . The move reunited Brooks with his former Reading manager Ted Drake . He made 52 appearances and scored seven goals over the course of a spell which lasted until September 1961 . Brentford . Brooks signed for Chelseas West London neighbours Brentford in September 1961 in a £5,000 deal . He made 38 league appearances and scored 10 goals over the course of a disastrous 1961–62 season in the Third Division , with a 23rd-place finish relegating the Bees to the Fourth Division for the 1962–63 season . In the Fourth Division , Brooks was the playmaker and inspired Brentford to the title , making 39 appearances , scoring 22 goals and winning the first club silverware of his career . He missed the final few games of the season after suffering a torn groin and his fitness troubles continued into the 1963–64 season , in which he scored four goals in six games before leaving the club . Brooks made 92 appearances and scored over 40 goals during his time at Griffin Park . Looking back in 2005 , Brooks revealed in many ways the two years I spent at Brentford were my happiest in the game . Crystal Palace . Brooks joined Third Division club Crystal Palace in January 1964 . He made just seven appearances for the club before departing at the end of the 1963–64 season , after the clubs promotion to the Second Division was confirmed . Toronto City . Brooks spurned the interest of Lincoln City and Aldershot and travelled to Canada in May 1964 , to sign for Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League club Toronto City . Among his teammates at the club were Tony Book , Ted Purdon , Norman Sykes and player-manager Malcolm Allison . Non-league football . Brooks returned to the UK in September 1964 and signed for Southern League club Stevenage Town , managed by George Curtis . He later moved within the league to join Cambridge City . Cleveland Stokers . Brooks returned to North America to play in the North American Soccer League with Cleveland Stokers in 1968 . He made 22 appearances and scored one goal in his spell . Return to non-league football . After his return to the UK , Brooks played for and managed Herts Senior County League club Knebworth well into his fifties . He later coached the teams at Moordown Youth and served as president of Bournemouth . International career . Brooks goalscoring for Tottenham Hotspur won him a call up to the England squad for a British Home Championship match versus Wales on 14 November 1956 . He scored the second goal in a 3–1 victory . He was called up again for a friendly versus Yugoslavia two weeks later and again got on the scoresheet in a 3–0 win . Brooks third and final cap came in a 5–2 1958 World Cup qualification win over Denmark on 5 December 1956 . Personal life . Brooks was one of the earliest British footballers to endorse hair products , advertising Max Factor shampoo during the 1950s . Brooks son Shaun was also a professional footballer and played for Leyton Orient , Crystal Palace , Bournemouth , was capped by England at schoolboy and youth level and managed Dorchester Town . After retiring from football , Brooks worked alongside friend and former teammate Tommy Harmer as a brokers messenger for Bank Hapoalim , until being made redundant at the age of 60 . With the help of former teammate Micky Dulin , Brooks then became a park-keeper at Ridgeway Park in Chingford . Brooks retired and moved to Bournemouth in 1997 . It was reported in 2014 that Brooks was suffering with vascular dementia and he died on 7 June 2016 . Honours . England - British Home Championship : 1956–57 Brentford - Football League Fourth Division : 1962–63 Crystal Palace - Football League Third Division second-place promotion : 1963–64 Individual - Reading Hall of Fame External links . - Fact file - England international career - Johnny Brooks interview - Tottenham Hotspur F.C A-Z of players
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Bob Filner went to which school from 1958 to 1959?
|
/wiki/Bob_Filner#P69#0
|
Bob Filner Robert Earl Filner ( born September 4 , 1942 ) is an American former politician who was the 35th Mayor of San Diego from December 2012 through August 2013 , when he resigned amid multiple allegations of sexual harassment . He later pleaded guilty to state charges of false imprisonment and battery . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Filner was previously the U.S . Representative for , and the 50th , serving from 1993 to 2012 . He was chair of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs from 2007 to 2011 . Early life , education , and academic career . Filner was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood . He is Jewish , the son of Sarah F . and Joseph H . Filner . His father was a labor union organizer , U.S . Army veteran and later international metal trader . He attended Cornell University , where he worked on the Cornell Daily Sun , a student newspaper , and took part in civil rights demonstrations . In June 1961 , after pulling into the bus station in Jackson , Mississippi as a Freedom Rider , Filner was arrested for disturbing the peace and inciting a riot . He refused to post bond for his release and remained incarcerated for two months . He graduated from Cornell in 1963 with a degree in chemistry , and earned his doctorate in history of science from Cornell six years later . While completing his PhD , he moved to San Diego , becoming a history professor at San Diego State University for more than 20 years . Early political career . Filner was long interested in politics . He worked for U.S . Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota in 1975 and for Minnesota Congressman Don Fraser in 1976 . He also worked for Congressman Jim Bates from the San Diego area in 1984 . His elective career began in 1979 , when his opposition to the closing of a neighborhood school led him to run for the San Diego Unified School District Board of Education , defeating a longtime incumbent . His back to basics approach to education won him wide praise , and his colleagues elected him president of the board in 1982 . He was elected to the San Diego City Council in 1987 and was reelected in 1991 ; his colleagues elected him Deputy Mayor of San Diego . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . California gained seven seats after the 1990 census , and one of them was the 50th District in south San Diego ( renumbered the 51st District after the 2000 census ) . The district is one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation , including much of San Diegos southern section , the cities of Chula Vista and National City and all of Imperial County . It includes most of Californias border with Mexico , except for the city of Imperial Beach . In 1992 , Filner ran in a five-way Democratic primary for the seat and won a narrow victory . One of his primary opponents was his former boss , Jim Bates , who had lost his seat in a sexual harassment scandal in 1990 and whose home had been drawn into the district . Another opponent was veteran state Senator Wadie Deddeh , who was term-limited . Filner defeated Deddeh by a narrow margin , with Bates finishing third place in the primary . The district was almost 40% Hispanic ( redistricting in 2000 made it 53% Hispanic ) and heavily Democratic , and his victory in November ( with 57 percent of the vote ) was a foregone conclusion . He was reelected nine times with no substantive Republican opposition . He ran unopposed in 1998 . He chose not to run for re-election to Congress in 2012 , opting instead to run for Mayor of San Diego . He resigned from the House of Representatives on December 3 , 2012 , in order to take office as Mayor of San Diego . Filner had a bitter rivalry with Juan Vargas , another Democratic politician who ran against Filner in the Democratic primary three times . Filner and Vargas accused each other of corruption . However , in the 2012 mayoral race , Vargas endorsed Filner for Mayor of San Diego and Vargas was elected to Filners seat in Congress . Tenure . Filner was a founding member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . He was also a member of the Congressional Motorcycle Safety Caucus and International Conservation Caucus . He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election , despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes . In 2008 , Filner sponsored a resolution , passed by the House of Representatives , in support of National Aviation Maintenance Technician Day . While in congress , Filner was known for his combative personality , and for personally dealing with constituent issues . - Veterans issues Filner served on the House Committee on Veterans Affairs and ascended to the chairmanship when the Democrats took over the House of Representatives after the 2006 election . As chairman , Filner advocated for funding for veterans benefits , increased spending on veterans healthcare , and a new GI bill for veterans of Afghanistan and Iraq . Filner stayed on as ranking Democrat on the committee after the Republicans retook the House in the 2010 election . - Filipino issues Filners district in south San Diego had one of the largest populations of Filipino Americans in the country , leading Filner to focus on issues relevant to the Philippines while in congress , especially Filipino veterans . Filners accomplishments included legislation allowing Filipino veterans to maintain a small stipend from the government if they moved back to the Philippines , burial benefits , and access to VA clinics . In 2009 Filner brokered a deal securing $198 million in pension benefits for Filipino veterans who had served for the United States in World War II in the form of a $15,000 lump sum payment as part of the 2009 stimulus bill . In February 2009 , Rep . Antonio Diaz filed a bill in the Philippine House of Representatives seeking to confer honorary Filipino citizenship on Filner and U.S . Senators Daniel Inouye , Daniel Akaka , and Ted Stevens for their role in securing the passage of this legislation . - Airline worker controversy On August 20 , 2007 , Filner was involved in an altercation with a United Airlines employee at Dulles International Airport after he became upset that his baggage had not yet arrived on a baggage carousel . Filner entered the baggage claim office and became irritated when the employee was busy helping another customer and asked the congressman to wait his turn . It was at this point that it is alleged that Filner attempted to enter the employee-only area of the office . He was asked to leave the area several times by airline employees but refused to do so until airport police were called in . Filner was on his way to visit troops in Iraq at the time of the incident . He released a statement saying suffice it to say now , that the story that has appeared in the press is factually incorrect and the charges are ridiculous . He was later charged with assault and battery . Filner pleaded guilty in an Alford plea to reduced charges of trespassing . The House Ethics Committee began a probe into the event , but it was later dropped . - Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Filner , along with several senior United States officials , argued that the Peoples Mujahedin of Iran , also known as the MEK , should have its designation as a terrorist group removed . Filner considered the MEK , a major member of the National Council of Resistance of Iran , an ally against the current Iranian regime . Filner accepted free trips , most recently in June 2013 to Paris , and paid engagements to speak in favor of delisting them as a terrorist organization . The U.S . Department of State lifted the MEKs designation as a terrorist organization as of September 28 , 2012 . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Highways and Transit - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs ( Ranking Member ) Mayor of San Diego . Election . Filner announced on June 8 , 2011 , that he would be a candidate for Mayor of San Diego in the 2012 election and would not run for re-election to Congress . In the primary on June 5 , 2012 , he placed second with 30.7% of the vote . He faced city councilmember Carl DeMaio in the November 2012 runoff election . Filner defeated DeMaio , 52.5% to 47.5% . Filner , age 70 , won as San Diegos first elected Democratic mayor since 1992 and only its second since 1971 . Tenure . In his first speech as mayor , Filner promised to focus on rebuilding the neighborhoods of San Diego , improving city services , increasing staffing for public safety , bringing jobs to the city , and developing stronger regional ties with Tijuana . In January 2013 , following a meeting between Filner and the San Diego chapter of Americans for Safe Access , Filner instructed the San Diego Police Department and city code compliance officers to stop enforcing codes against marijuana dispensaries and stop forwarding cases to the San Diego City Attorneys Office . In April 2013 , Filner proposed a new ordinance to restore permanent legal status to dispensaries , but the City Council rejected it and suggested that the City Attorney draft a new ordinance in its place . Meanwhile , federal agencies continued to raid and prosecute dispensaries within city limits . In February 2013 , Filner raised controversy by not authorizing funding of the Tourism Marketing District , a hotelier-run organization charged with promoting San Diego as a tourist destination that is funded by a 2 percent surcharge on hotel rooms . In 2012 , the San Diego City Council agreed to renew the District for 39 1/2 years , but outgoing mayor Jerry Sanders did not sign the agreement before leaving office . Filner publicly withheld his signature on the agreement , wanting a series of concessions that would raise hotel worker salaries , protect the City from liability , and direct more of the funds collected to be used by the City of San Diego . The District subsequently filed suit against the Mayor to enforce the agreement , but Judge Timothy Taylor ruled that Filner had the discretion not to sign . After this ruling , Filner and the hoteliers agreed to a compromise and Filner signed the contract . However , in late May 2013 Filner temporarily withheld payments to the District until it agreed to provide upfront funding for a centennial celebration for Balboa Park . 2013 allegations and resignation . Allegations of sexual harassment . On July 11 , 2013 , three of Filners long-time supporters held a press conference to call for Filners resignation as mayor , based on numerous unspecified but credible allegations that he had sexually harassed women . KPBS-FM said that it had been investigating reports of sexual harassment of female staff members for several months , and that the complaints included inappropriate comments , kissing and groping . Later that day Filner issued a video statement apologizing and saying that he was seeking professional help to change his behavior . The next day Filner told reporters that he had treated women poorly and sometimes intimidated them , but insisted that a fair and independent investigation would clear him of sexual harassment charges . On July 12 , Filners chief of staff , Vince Hall , announced his resignation , effective immediately . On July 24 , Filners new chief of staff Tony Buckles , his former congressional chief of staff , resigned after only 10 days on the job and was replaced by Lee Burdick , a woman who had been serving as deputy chief of staff . On July 15 , the same three former supporters held another press conference , describing in more detail charges by women who said they had been forcibly kissed , groped , and subjected to sexually suggestive comments by Filner ; the alleged but unidentified victims include a mayoral staffer , a campaign volunteer and a constituent . Filner repeated that he had done nothing wrong and would not resign . On July 22 , 2013 , attorney Gloria Allred announced at a press conference that her firm had filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Filner on behalf of the mayors former communications director . By August 26 , 19 women had publicly claimed that Filner had sexually harassed them , including a retired admiral , a Marilyn Monroe impersonator who appeared at one of his fundraisers , a 67-year-old great-grandmother who worked for the city , a nurse who said Filner demanded a date in exchange for helping a Marine who had suffered a brain injury and PTSD during service in Iraq , and several female members of the U.S . armed forces who had been raped during their service . In the last two instances , Filners contact with the women stemmed from his position at the time as ranking member of the House Veterans Affairs Committee . In the ensuing weeks , calls for Filners resignation came from Democratic U.S . senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer , representatives Susan Davis and Scott Peters , DNC chairwoman and U.S Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz , California State Assembly members Toni Atkins and Lorena Gonzalez , Nancy Pelosi , and all nine members of the City Council . On July 26 , 2013 , Filner announced that he planned to take a leave of absence to undergo two weeks of intensive therapy” starting August 5 . He started the treatment but ended it early on August 10 , according to his attorney . On July 29 , 2013 , Filner asked the city of San Diego to pay his legal fees for a sexual harassment lawsuit regarding his former communications director . The city council voted not to do so , and in fact to sue Filner for any costs incurred by the city due to claims filed against him and the city . The City Council later reversed itself as part of a negotiated agreement with Filner . Other issues . Federal , state and local investigators looked into several other issues involving Filner . One matter involved a trip he took to Paris with his then-fiancée in June 2013 ; questions had been raised about the nonprofit group that paid his expenses and the use of city credit cards to pay for his accompanying security detail . On another issue , FBI agents looked into a pair of proposed housing developments which Filner blocked with an administrative hold until the developers contributed money to certain city projects . Recall effort . In August 2013 two different groups started the process to mount a recall drive against Filner ; the two groups later combined their efforts . In order to force a recall election , they would have had to gather more than 100,000 signatures of city voters ( 15% of the votes cast in the most recent election ) within a 39-day window . On August 18 , 1,200 volunteers began collecting signatures . Less than a week after the signature drive began , Filner agreed to resign . The recall organizers wound down the effort , called for all petitions to be turned in so they could be counted and destroyed , and worked on preparing a final financial accounting . Resignation . On August 21 , 2013 , city attorney Jan Goldsmith said that Filner had reached an agreement with the city after three days of mediation . The City Council considered the agreement in a closed session on August 23 and voted 7-0 to accept Filners resignation . The resignation deal with the City Council limits Filners legal and financial exposure by providing a joint legal defense for him and the city for claims filed against him by current or former city employees , as well as paying up to $98,000 of his outside legal fees . Filner signed a letter of resignation that became effective at 5 p.m PDT August 30 , 2013 . City Council president Todd Gloria served as interim mayor , with limited powers , pending election of a new mayor . A special election was held on November 19 , 2013 ; since no candidate received a majority of the vote , a runoff election was held on February 11 , 2014 , wherein Kevin Faulconer was elected to be the next mayor . Conviction . On October 15 , 2013 , Filner pleaded guilty in San Diego Superior Court to three criminal counts filed against him by the California state attorney general , who took over the case after the San Diego County district attorney recused herself . The charges were one felony count of false imprisonment and two misdemeanor battery charges . The victims were identified as three Jane Does . He could have faced up to five years in prison , but a plea bargain was reportedly reached , under which he would be given three months of house arrest , three years probation , and partial loss of his mayoral pension . On December 9 , 2013 , the terms of the plea bargain were imposed at a sentencing hearing . The plea bargain would have prohibited him from ever seeking or holding public office again , but the judge reduced the prohibition so it applies only while he is on probation . He served a three-month term of house arrest which ended on April 6 , 2014 . In a 2016 interview , Filner denied all allegations of sexual harassment . Additional allegation in 2017 . On November 20 , 2017 , Rep . Diana DeGette ( D-Colo. ) alleged during an interview on MSNBCs Meet the Press Daily that Filner tried to force himself on her in an elevator . Personal life . Filner is divorced from his first wife , Barbara ( Christy ) Filner , a retired mediation specialist ; they have two adult children , a son and a daughter . Filner was later married to Jane Merrill , but they divorced in 2011 . At his first news conference after his election as mayor in 2012 , Filner introduced his fiancée , Bronwyn Ingram , a disability analyst who worked for the Social Security Administration . On July 8 , 2013 , Ingram announced by email to a group of her supporters that the engagement had been called off and the relationship was over . In a subsequent statement , Ingram cited Filners verbal abuse and blatant sexting as reasons for the split .
|
[
"Cornell University"
] |
easy
|
Where was Bob Filner educated from 1959 to 1969?
|
/wiki/Bob_Filner#P69#1
|
Bob Filner Robert Earl Filner ( born September 4 , 1942 ) is an American former politician who was the 35th Mayor of San Diego from December 2012 through August 2013 , when he resigned amid multiple allegations of sexual harassment . He later pleaded guilty to state charges of false imprisonment and battery . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Filner was previously the U.S . Representative for , and the 50th , serving from 1993 to 2012 . He was chair of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs from 2007 to 2011 . Early life , education , and academic career . Filner was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood . He is Jewish , the son of Sarah F . and Joseph H . Filner . His father was a labor union organizer , U.S . Army veteran and later international metal trader . He attended Cornell University , where he worked on the Cornell Daily Sun , a student newspaper , and took part in civil rights demonstrations . In June 1961 , after pulling into the bus station in Jackson , Mississippi as a Freedom Rider , Filner was arrested for disturbing the peace and inciting a riot . He refused to post bond for his release and remained incarcerated for two months . He graduated from Cornell in 1963 with a degree in chemistry , and earned his doctorate in history of science from Cornell six years later . While completing his PhD , he moved to San Diego , becoming a history professor at San Diego State University for more than 20 years . Early political career . Filner was long interested in politics . He worked for U.S . Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota in 1975 and for Minnesota Congressman Don Fraser in 1976 . He also worked for Congressman Jim Bates from the San Diego area in 1984 . His elective career began in 1979 , when his opposition to the closing of a neighborhood school led him to run for the San Diego Unified School District Board of Education , defeating a longtime incumbent . His back to basics approach to education won him wide praise , and his colleagues elected him president of the board in 1982 . He was elected to the San Diego City Council in 1987 and was reelected in 1991 ; his colleagues elected him Deputy Mayor of San Diego . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . California gained seven seats after the 1990 census , and one of them was the 50th District in south San Diego ( renumbered the 51st District after the 2000 census ) . The district is one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation , including much of San Diegos southern section , the cities of Chula Vista and National City and all of Imperial County . It includes most of Californias border with Mexico , except for the city of Imperial Beach . In 1992 , Filner ran in a five-way Democratic primary for the seat and won a narrow victory . One of his primary opponents was his former boss , Jim Bates , who had lost his seat in a sexual harassment scandal in 1990 and whose home had been drawn into the district . Another opponent was veteran state Senator Wadie Deddeh , who was term-limited . Filner defeated Deddeh by a narrow margin , with Bates finishing third place in the primary . The district was almost 40% Hispanic ( redistricting in 2000 made it 53% Hispanic ) and heavily Democratic , and his victory in November ( with 57 percent of the vote ) was a foregone conclusion . He was reelected nine times with no substantive Republican opposition . He ran unopposed in 1998 . He chose not to run for re-election to Congress in 2012 , opting instead to run for Mayor of San Diego . He resigned from the House of Representatives on December 3 , 2012 , in order to take office as Mayor of San Diego . Filner had a bitter rivalry with Juan Vargas , another Democratic politician who ran against Filner in the Democratic primary three times . Filner and Vargas accused each other of corruption . However , in the 2012 mayoral race , Vargas endorsed Filner for Mayor of San Diego and Vargas was elected to Filners seat in Congress . Tenure . Filner was a founding member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . He was also a member of the Congressional Motorcycle Safety Caucus and International Conservation Caucus . He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election , despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes . In 2008 , Filner sponsored a resolution , passed by the House of Representatives , in support of National Aviation Maintenance Technician Day . While in congress , Filner was known for his combative personality , and for personally dealing with constituent issues . - Veterans issues Filner served on the House Committee on Veterans Affairs and ascended to the chairmanship when the Democrats took over the House of Representatives after the 2006 election . As chairman , Filner advocated for funding for veterans benefits , increased spending on veterans healthcare , and a new GI bill for veterans of Afghanistan and Iraq . Filner stayed on as ranking Democrat on the committee after the Republicans retook the House in the 2010 election . - Filipino issues Filners district in south San Diego had one of the largest populations of Filipino Americans in the country , leading Filner to focus on issues relevant to the Philippines while in congress , especially Filipino veterans . Filners accomplishments included legislation allowing Filipino veterans to maintain a small stipend from the government if they moved back to the Philippines , burial benefits , and access to VA clinics . In 2009 Filner brokered a deal securing $198 million in pension benefits for Filipino veterans who had served for the United States in World War II in the form of a $15,000 lump sum payment as part of the 2009 stimulus bill . In February 2009 , Rep . Antonio Diaz filed a bill in the Philippine House of Representatives seeking to confer honorary Filipino citizenship on Filner and U.S . Senators Daniel Inouye , Daniel Akaka , and Ted Stevens for their role in securing the passage of this legislation . - Airline worker controversy On August 20 , 2007 , Filner was involved in an altercation with a United Airlines employee at Dulles International Airport after he became upset that his baggage had not yet arrived on a baggage carousel . Filner entered the baggage claim office and became irritated when the employee was busy helping another customer and asked the congressman to wait his turn . It was at this point that it is alleged that Filner attempted to enter the employee-only area of the office . He was asked to leave the area several times by airline employees but refused to do so until airport police were called in . Filner was on his way to visit troops in Iraq at the time of the incident . He released a statement saying suffice it to say now , that the story that has appeared in the press is factually incorrect and the charges are ridiculous . He was later charged with assault and battery . Filner pleaded guilty in an Alford plea to reduced charges of trespassing . The House Ethics Committee began a probe into the event , but it was later dropped . - Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Filner , along with several senior United States officials , argued that the Peoples Mujahedin of Iran , also known as the MEK , should have its designation as a terrorist group removed . Filner considered the MEK , a major member of the National Council of Resistance of Iran , an ally against the current Iranian regime . Filner accepted free trips , most recently in June 2013 to Paris , and paid engagements to speak in favor of delisting them as a terrorist organization . The U.S . Department of State lifted the MEKs designation as a terrorist organization as of September 28 , 2012 . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Highways and Transit - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs ( Ranking Member ) Mayor of San Diego . Election . Filner announced on June 8 , 2011 , that he would be a candidate for Mayor of San Diego in the 2012 election and would not run for re-election to Congress . In the primary on June 5 , 2012 , he placed second with 30.7% of the vote . He faced city councilmember Carl DeMaio in the November 2012 runoff election . Filner defeated DeMaio , 52.5% to 47.5% . Filner , age 70 , won as San Diegos first elected Democratic mayor since 1992 and only its second since 1971 . Tenure . In his first speech as mayor , Filner promised to focus on rebuilding the neighborhoods of San Diego , improving city services , increasing staffing for public safety , bringing jobs to the city , and developing stronger regional ties with Tijuana . In January 2013 , following a meeting between Filner and the San Diego chapter of Americans for Safe Access , Filner instructed the San Diego Police Department and city code compliance officers to stop enforcing codes against marijuana dispensaries and stop forwarding cases to the San Diego City Attorneys Office . In April 2013 , Filner proposed a new ordinance to restore permanent legal status to dispensaries , but the City Council rejected it and suggested that the City Attorney draft a new ordinance in its place . Meanwhile , federal agencies continued to raid and prosecute dispensaries within city limits . In February 2013 , Filner raised controversy by not authorizing funding of the Tourism Marketing District , a hotelier-run organization charged with promoting San Diego as a tourist destination that is funded by a 2 percent surcharge on hotel rooms . In 2012 , the San Diego City Council agreed to renew the District for 39 1/2 years , but outgoing mayor Jerry Sanders did not sign the agreement before leaving office . Filner publicly withheld his signature on the agreement , wanting a series of concessions that would raise hotel worker salaries , protect the City from liability , and direct more of the funds collected to be used by the City of San Diego . The District subsequently filed suit against the Mayor to enforce the agreement , but Judge Timothy Taylor ruled that Filner had the discretion not to sign . After this ruling , Filner and the hoteliers agreed to a compromise and Filner signed the contract . However , in late May 2013 Filner temporarily withheld payments to the District until it agreed to provide upfront funding for a centennial celebration for Balboa Park . 2013 allegations and resignation . Allegations of sexual harassment . On July 11 , 2013 , three of Filners long-time supporters held a press conference to call for Filners resignation as mayor , based on numerous unspecified but credible allegations that he had sexually harassed women . KPBS-FM said that it had been investigating reports of sexual harassment of female staff members for several months , and that the complaints included inappropriate comments , kissing and groping . Later that day Filner issued a video statement apologizing and saying that he was seeking professional help to change his behavior . The next day Filner told reporters that he had treated women poorly and sometimes intimidated them , but insisted that a fair and independent investigation would clear him of sexual harassment charges . On July 12 , Filners chief of staff , Vince Hall , announced his resignation , effective immediately . On July 24 , Filners new chief of staff Tony Buckles , his former congressional chief of staff , resigned after only 10 days on the job and was replaced by Lee Burdick , a woman who had been serving as deputy chief of staff . On July 15 , the same three former supporters held another press conference , describing in more detail charges by women who said they had been forcibly kissed , groped , and subjected to sexually suggestive comments by Filner ; the alleged but unidentified victims include a mayoral staffer , a campaign volunteer and a constituent . Filner repeated that he had done nothing wrong and would not resign . On July 22 , 2013 , attorney Gloria Allred announced at a press conference that her firm had filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Filner on behalf of the mayors former communications director . By August 26 , 19 women had publicly claimed that Filner had sexually harassed them , including a retired admiral , a Marilyn Monroe impersonator who appeared at one of his fundraisers , a 67-year-old great-grandmother who worked for the city , a nurse who said Filner demanded a date in exchange for helping a Marine who had suffered a brain injury and PTSD during service in Iraq , and several female members of the U.S . armed forces who had been raped during their service . In the last two instances , Filners contact with the women stemmed from his position at the time as ranking member of the House Veterans Affairs Committee . In the ensuing weeks , calls for Filners resignation came from Democratic U.S . senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer , representatives Susan Davis and Scott Peters , DNC chairwoman and U.S Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz , California State Assembly members Toni Atkins and Lorena Gonzalez , Nancy Pelosi , and all nine members of the City Council . On July 26 , 2013 , Filner announced that he planned to take a leave of absence to undergo two weeks of intensive therapy” starting August 5 . He started the treatment but ended it early on August 10 , according to his attorney . On July 29 , 2013 , Filner asked the city of San Diego to pay his legal fees for a sexual harassment lawsuit regarding his former communications director . The city council voted not to do so , and in fact to sue Filner for any costs incurred by the city due to claims filed against him and the city . The City Council later reversed itself as part of a negotiated agreement with Filner . Other issues . Federal , state and local investigators looked into several other issues involving Filner . One matter involved a trip he took to Paris with his then-fiancée in June 2013 ; questions had been raised about the nonprofit group that paid his expenses and the use of city credit cards to pay for his accompanying security detail . On another issue , FBI agents looked into a pair of proposed housing developments which Filner blocked with an administrative hold until the developers contributed money to certain city projects . Recall effort . In August 2013 two different groups started the process to mount a recall drive against Filner ; the two groups later combined their efforts . In order to force a recall election , they would have had to gather more than 100,000 signatures of city voters ( 15% of the votes cast in the most recent election ) within a 39-day window . On August 18 , 1,200 volunteers began collecting signatures . Less than a week after the signature drive began , Filner agreed to resign . The recall organizers wound down the effort , called for all petitions to be turned in so they could be counted and destroyed , and worked on preparing a final financial accounting . Resignation . On August 21 , 2013 , city attorney Jan Goldsmith said that Filner had reached an agreement with the city after three days of mediation . The City Council considered the agreement in a closed session on August 23 and voted 7-0 to accept Filners resignation . The resignation deal with the City Council limits Filners legal and financial exposure by providing a joint legal defense for him and the city for claims filed against him by current or former city employees , as well as paying up to $98,000 of his outside legal fees . Filner signed a letter of resignation that became effective at 5 p.m PDT August 30 , 2013 . City Council president Todd Gloria served as interim mayor , with limited powers , pending election of a new mayor . A special election was held on November 19 , 2013 ; since no candidate received a majority of the vote , a runoff election was held on February 11 , 2014 , wherein Kevin Faulconer was elected to be the next mayor . Conviction . On October 15 , 2013 , Filner pleaded guilty in San Diego Superior Court to three criminal counts filed against him by the California state attorney general , who took over the case after the San Diego County district attorney recused herself . The charges were one felony count of false imprisonment and two misdemeanor battery charges . The victims were identified as three Jane Does . He could have faced up to five years in prison , but a plea bargain was reportedly reached , under which he would be given three months of house arrest , three years probation , and partial loss of his mayoral pension . On December 9 , 2013 , the terms of the plea bargain were imposed at a sentencing hearing . The plea bargain would have prohibited him from ever seeking or holding public office again , but the judge reduced the prohibition so it applies only while he is on probation . He served a three-month term of house arrest which ended on April 6 , 2014 . In a 2016 interview , Filner denied all allegations of sexual harassment . Additional allegation in 2017 . On November 20 , 2017 , Rep . Diana DeGette ( D-Colo. ) alleged during an interview on MSNBCs Meet the Press Daily that Filner tried to force himself on her in an elevator . Personal life . Filner is divorced from his first wife , Barbara ( Christy ) Filner , a retired mediation specialist ; they have two adult children , a son and a daughter . Filner was later married to Jane Merrill , but they divorced in 2011 . At his first news conference after his election as mayor in 2012 , Filner introduced his fiancée , Bronwyn Ingram , a disability analyst who worked for the Social Security Administration . On July 8 , 2013 , Ingram announced by email to a group of her supporters that the engagement had been called off and the relationship was over . In a subsequent statement , Ingram cited Filners verbal abuse and blatant sexting as reasons for the split .
|
[
"Cornell"
] |
easy
|
Bob Filner went to which school from 1969 to 1973?
|
/wiki/Bob_Filner#P69#2
|
Bob Filner Robert Earl Filner ( born September 4 , 1942 ) is an American former politician who was the 35th Mayor of San Diego from December 2012 through August 2013 , when he resigned amid multiple allegations of sexual harassment . He later pleaded guilty to state charges of false imprisonment and battery . He is a member of the Democratic Party . Filner was previously the U.S . Representative for , and the 50th , serving from 1993 to 2012 . He was chair of the House Committee on Veterans Affairs from 2007 to 2011 . Early life , education , and academic career . Filner was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood . He is Jewish , the son of Sarah F . and Joseph H . Filner . His father was a labor union organizer , U.S . Army veteran and later international metal trader . He attended Cornell University , where he worked on the Cornell Daily Sun , a student newspaper , and took part in civil rights demonstrations . In June 1961 , after pulling into the bus station in Jackson , Mississippi as a Freedom Rider , Filner was arrested for disturbing the peace and inciting a riot . He refused to post bond for his release and remained incarcerated for two months . He graduated from Cornell in 1963 with a degree in chemistry , and earned his doctorate in history of science from Cornell six years later . While completing his PhD , he moved to San Diego , becoming a history professor at San Diego State University for more than 20 years . Early political career . Filner was long interested in politics . He worked for U.S . Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota in 1975 and for Minnesota Congressman Don Fraser in 1976 . He also worked for Congressman Jim Bates from the San Diego area in 1984 . His elective career began in 1979 , when his opposition to the closing of a neighborhood school led him to run for the San Diego Unified School District Board of Education , defeating a longtime incumbent . His back to basics approach to education won him wide praise , and his colleagues elected him president of the board in 1982 . He was elected to the San Diego City Council in 1987 and was reelected in 1991 ; his colleagues elected him Deputy Mayor of San Diego . U.S . House of Representatives . Elections . California gained seven seats after the 1990 census , and one of them was the 50th District in south San Diego ( renumbered the 51st District after the 2000 census ) . The district is one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation , including much of San Diegos southern section , the cities of Chula Vista and National City and all of Imperial County . It includes most of Californias border with Mexico , except for the city of Imperial Beach . In 1992 , Filner ran in a five-way Democratic primary for the seat and won a narrow victory . One of his primary opponents was his former boss , Jim Bates , who had lost his seat in a sexual harassment scandal in 1990 and whose home had been drawn into the district . Another opponent was veteran state Senator Wadie Deddeh , who was term-limited . Filner defeated Deddeh by a narrow margin , with Bates finishing third place in the primary . The district was almost 40% Hispanic ( redistricting in 2000 made it 53% Hispanic ) and heavily Democratic , and his victory in November ( with 57 percent of the vote ) was a foregone conclusion . He was reelected nine times with no substantive Republican opposition . He ran unopposed in 1998 . He chose not to run for re-election to Congress in 2012 , opting instead to run for Mayor of San Diego . He resigned from the House of Representatives on December 3 , 2012 , in order to take office as Mayor of San Diego . Filner had a bitter rivalry with Juan Vargas , another Democratic politician who ran against Filner in the Democratic primary three times . Filner and Vargas accused each other of corruption . However , in the 2012 mayoral race , Vargas endorsed Filner for Mayor of San Diego and Vargas was elected to Filners seat in Congress . Tenure . Filner was a founding member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus . He was also a member of the Congressional Motorcycle Safety Caucus and International Conservation Caucus . He was one of the 31 House Democrats who voted to not count the 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the 2004 presidential election , despite Republican President George Bush winning the state by 118,457 votes . In 2008 , Filner sponsored a resolution , passed by the House of Representatives , in support of National Aviation Maintenance Technician Day . While in congress , Filner was known for his combative personality , and for personally dealing with constituent issues . - Veterans issues Filner served on the House Committee on Veterans Affairs and ascended to the chairmanship when the Democrats took over the House of Representatives after the 2006 election . As chairman , Filner advocated for funding for veterans benefits , increased spending on veterans healthcare , and a new GI bill for veterans of Afghanistan and Iraq . Filner stayed on as ranking Democrat on the committee after the Republicans retook the House in the 2010 election . - Filipino issues Filners district in south San Diego had one of the largest populations of Filipino Americans in the country , leading Filner to focus on issues relevant to the Philippines while in congress , especially Filipino veterans . Filners accomplishments included legislation allowing Filipino veterans to maintain a small stipend from the government if they moved back to the Philippines , burial benefits , and access to VA clinics . In 2009 Filner brokered a deal securing $198 million in pension benefits for Filipino veterans who had served for the United States in World War II in the form of a $15,000 lump sum payment as part of the 2009 stimulus bill . In February 2009 , Rep . Antonio Diaz filed a bill in the Philippine House of Representatives seeking to confer honorary Filipino citizenship on Filner and U.S . Senators Daniel Inouye , Daniel Akaka , and Ted Stevens for their role in securing the passage of this legislation . - Airline worker controversy On August 20 , 2007 , Filner was involved in an altercation with a United Airlines employee at Dulles International Airport after he became upset that his baggage had not yet arrived on a baggage carousel . Filner entered the baggage claim office and became irritated when the employee was busy helping another customer and asked the congressman to wait his turn . It was at this point that it is alleged that Filner attempted to enter the employee-only area of the office . He was asked to leave the area several times by airline employees but refused to do so until airport police were called in . Filner was on his way to visit troops in Iraq at the time of the incident . He released a statement saying suffice it to say now , that the story that has appeared in the press is factually incorrect and the charges are ridiculous . He was later charged with assault and battery . Filner pleaded guilty in an Alford plea to reduced charges of trespassing . The House Ethics Committee began a probe into the event , but it was later dropped . - Peoples Mujahedin of Iran Filner , along with several senior United States officials , argued that the Peoples Mujahedin of Iran , also known as the MEK , should have its designation as a terrorist group removed . Filner considered the MEK , a major member of the National Council of Resistance of Iran , an ally against the current Iranian regime . Filner accepted free trips , most recently in June 2013 to Paris , and paid engagements to speak in favor of delisting them as a terrorist organization . The U.S . Department of State lifted the MEKs designation as a terrorist organization as of September 28 , 2012 . Committee assignments . - Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure - Subcommittee on Aviation - Subcommittee on Highways and Transit - Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment - Committee on Veterans Affairs ( Ranking Member ) Mayor of San Diego . Election . Filner announced on June 8 , 2011 , that he would be a candidate for Mayor of San Diego in the 2012 election and would not run for re-election to Congress . In the primary on June 5 , 2012 , he placed second with 30.7% of the vote . He faced city councilmember Carl DeMaio in the November 2012 runoff election . Filner defeated DeMaio , 52.5% to 47.5% . Filner , age 70 , won as San Diegos first elected Democratic mayor since 1992 and only its second since 1971 . Tenure . In his first speech as mayor , Filner promised to focus on rebuilding the neighborhoods of San Diego , improving city services , increasing staffing for public safety , bringing jobs to the city , and developing stronger regional ties with Tijuana . In January 2013 , following a meeting between Filner and the San Diego chapter of Americans for Safe Access , Filner instructed the San Diego Police Department and city code compliance officers to stop enforcing codes against marijuana dispensaries and stop forwarding cases to the San Diego City Attorneys Office . In April 2013 , Filner proposed a new ordinance to restore permanent legal status to dispensaries , but the City Council rejected it and suggested that the City Attorney draft a new ordinance in its place . Meanwhile , federal agencies continued to raid and prosecute dispensaries within city limits . In February 2013 , Filner raised controversy by not authorizing funding of the Tourism Marketing District , a hotelier-run organization charged with promoting San Diego as a tourist destination that is funded by a 2 percent surcharge on hotel rooms . In 2012 , the San Diego City Council agreed to renew the District for 39 1/2 years , but outgoing mayor Jerry Sanders did not sign the agreement before leaving office . Filner publicly withheld his signature on the agreement , wanting a series of concessions that would raise hotel worker salaries , protect the City from liability , and direct more of the funds collected to be used by the City of San Diego . The District subsequently filed suit against the Mayor to enforce the agreement , but Judge Timothy Taylor ruled that Filner had the discretion not to sign . After this ruling , Filner and the hoteliers agreed to a compromise and Filner signed the contract . However , in late May 2013 Filner temporarily withheld payments to the District until it agreed to provide upfront funding for a centennial celebration for Balboa Park . 2013 allegations and resignation . Allegations of sexual harassment . On July 11 , 2013 , three of Filners long-time supporters held a press conference to call for Filners resignation as mayor , based on numerous unspecified but credible allegations that he had sexually harassed women . KPBS-FM said that it had been investigating reports of sexual harassment of female staff members for several months , and that the complaints included inappropriate comments , kissing and groping . Later that day Filner issued a video statement apologizing and saying that he was seeking professional help to change his behavior . The next day Filner told reporters that he had treated women poorly and sometimes intimidated them , but insisted that a fair and independent investigation would clear him of sexual harassment charges . On July 12 , Filners chief of staff , Vince Hall , announced his resignation , effective immediately . On July 24 , Filners new chief of staff Tony Buckles , his former congressional chief of staff , resigned after only 10 days on the job and was replaced by Lee Burdick , a woman who had been serving as deputy chief of staff . On July 15 , the same three former supporters held another press conference , describing in more detail charges by women who said they had been forcibly kissed , groped , and subjected to sexually suggestive comments by Filner ; the alleged but unidentified victims include a mayoral staffer , a campaign volunteer and a constituent . Filner repeated that he had done nothing wrong and would not resign . On July 22 , 2013 , attorney Gloria Allred announced at a press conference that her firm had filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against Filner on behalf of the mayors former communications director . By August 26 , 19 women had publicly claimed that Filner had sexually harassed them , including a retired admiral , a Marilyn Monroe impersonator who appeared at one of his fundraisers , a 67-year-old great-grandmother who worked for the city , a nurse who said Filner demanded a date in exchange for helping a Marine who had suffered a brain injury and PTSD during service in Iraq , and several female members of the U.S . armed forces who had been raped during their service . In the last two instances , Filners contact with the women stemmed from his position at the time as ranking member of the House Veterans Affairs Committee . In the ensuing weeks , calls for Filners resignation came from Democratic U.S . senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer , representatives Susan Davis and Scott Peters , DNC chairwoman and U.S Representative Debbie Wasserman Schultz , California State Assembly members Toni Atkins and Lorena Gonzalez , Nancy Pelosi , and all nine members of the City Council . On July 26 , 2013 , Filner announced that he planned to take a leave of absence to undergo two weeks of intensive therapy” starting August 5 . He started the treatment but ended it early on August 10 , according to his attorney . On July 29 , 2013 , Filner asked the city of San Diego to pay his legal fees for a sexual harassment lawsuit regarding his former communications director . The city council voted not to do so , and in fact to sue Filner for any costs incurred by the city due to claims filed against him and the city . The City Council later reversed itself as part of a negotiated agreement with Filner . Other issues . Federal , state and local investigators looked into several other issues involving Filner . One matter involved a trip he took to Paris with his then-fiancée in June 2013 ; questions had been raised about the nonprofit group that paid his expenses and the use of city credit cards to pay for his accompanying security detail . On another issue , FBI agents looked into a pair of proposed housing developments which Filner blocked with an administrative hold until the developers contributed money to certain city projects . Recall effort . In August 2013 two different groups started the process to mount a recall drive against Filner ; the two groups later combined their efforts . In order to force a recall election , they would have had to gather more than 100,000 signatures of city voters ( 15% of the votes cast in the most recent election ) within a 39-day window . On August 18 , 1,200 volunteers began collecting signatures . Less than a week after the signature drive began , Filner agreed to resign . The recall organizers wound down the effort , called for all petitions to be turned in so they could be counted and destroyed , and worked on preparing a final financial accounting . Resignation . On August 21 , 2013 , city attorney Jan Goldsmith said that Filner had reached an agreement with the city after three days of mediation . The City Council considered the agreement in a closed session on August 23 and voted 7-0 to accept Filners resignation . The resignation deal with the City Council limits Filners legal and financial exposure by providing a joint legal defense for him and the city for claims filed against him by current or former city employees , as well as paying up to $98,000 of his outside legal fees . Filner signed a letter of resignation that became effective at 5 p.m PDT August 30 , 2013 . City Council president Todd Gloria served as interim mayor , with limited powers , pending election of a new mayor . A special election was held on November 19 , 2013 ; since no candidate received a majority of the vote , a runoff election was held on February 11 , 2014 , wherein Kevin Faulconer was elected to be the next mayor . Conviction . On October 15 , 2013 , Filner pleaded guilty in San Diego Superior Court to three criminal counts filed against him by the California state attorney general , who took over the case after the San Diego County district attorney recused herself . The charges were one felony count of false imprisonment and two misdemeanor battery charges . The victims were identified as three Jane Does . He could have faced up to five years in prison , but a plea bargain was reportedly reached , under which he would be given three months of house arrest , three years probation , and partial loss of his mayoral pension . On December 9 , 2013 , the terms of the plea bargain were imposed at a sentencing hearing . The plea bargain would have prohibited him from ever seeking or holding public office again , but the judge reduced the prohibition so it applies only while he is on probation . He served a three-month term of house arrest which ended on April 6 , 2014 . In a 2016 interview , Filner denied all allegations of sexual harassment . Additional allegation in 2017 . On November 20 , 2017 , Rep . Diana DeGette ( D-Colo. ) alleged during an interview on MSNBCs Meet the Press Daily that Filner tried to force himself on her in an elevator . Personal life . Filner is divorced from his first wife , Barbara ( Christy ) Filner , a retired mediation specialist ; they have two adult children , a son and a daughter . Filner was later married to Jane Merrill , but they divorced in 2011 . At his first news conference after his election as mayor in 2012 , Filner introduced his fiancée , Bronwyn Ingram , a disability analyst who worked for the Social Security Administration . On July 8 , 2013 , Ingram announced by email to a group of her supporters that the engagement had been called off and the relationship was over . In a subsequent statement , Ingram cited Filners verbal abuse and blatant sexting as reasons for the split .
|
[
"Tranmere Rovers"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Alan Morgan (footballer, born 1973) belong to from 1992 to 2002?
|
/wiki/Alan_Morgan_(footballer,_born_1973)#P54#0
|
Alan Morgan ( footballer , born 1973 ) Alan Morgan ( born 2 November 1973 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales under-21 international . He moved into club management after his playing career , with Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town . Playing career . Morgan began his career at Tranmere Rovers , making his debut on 27 August 1996 in a 2–0 victory over Port Vale before spending time on loan at Conference National side Altrincham . The following season , Morgan began to establish himself in the first team at Prenton Park , making 23 appearances in all competitions . Rovers fought their way to the 2000 League Cup Final and with Morgan as an unused substitute , they were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City . However continuing injury problems restricted his first team appearances in the following years and , in 2002 , he was allowed to join Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . He played just three times for Doncaster before being released and instead moved to Morecambe in December 2002 . After a spell with Porthmadog , Morgan took over as player-manager of Welsh Premier League side NEWI Cefn Druids , replacing Steve OShaughnessy in February 2004 . However , he spent just 10 months in the role before stepping down in December 2004 and moving to Rhyl , where he made one appearance before ending his first team playing career at Connahs Quay Nomads . Managerial career . In 2007 , Morgan joined Bangor City as assistant manager to former Tranmere player Neville Powell where they led the side to two consecutive top six finishes and UEFA Cup places . Aberystwyth Town . Morgan was appointed as manager of his home town team Aberystwyth Town in November 2009 , succeeding Brian Coyne . Morgan was joined by his former Tranmere and Wales under-21 teammate Christian Edwards , who had served as caretaker manager of the club during the vacancy , as his assistant manager . In his first season , Morgan took Aberystwyth to a fourth-placed finish . He left the club in February 2012 by mutual consent after a disappointing season . Llandudno . In November 2012 , Morgan was appointed manager of Llandudno . Following his appointment he was named Cymru Alliance Manager of the Month . Morgan lead Llandudno to promotion to the Welsh Premier League for the first time in the clubs existence after winning the 2014–15 Cymru Alliance . He parted company with the club on 23 October 2017 after five years in charge . Colwyn Bay . In November 2017 Morgan was appointed manager of Colwyn Bay . Marine . In September 2018 Morgan was appointed assistant manager of Marine . Honours . As a manager . Llanduno - Cymru Alliance - Winners 2014–15 Individual . - Welsh Premier League Manager of the Month : November 2015 , March 2010 References . External links . - Welsh Premier profile#
|
[
"Morecambe"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Alan Morgan (footballer, born 1973) belong to from 2002 to 2003?
|
/wiki/Alan_Morgan_(footballer,_born_1973)#P54#1
|
Alan Morgan ( footballer , born 1973 ) Alan Morgan ( born 2 November 1973 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales under-21 international . He moved into club management after his playing career , with Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town . Playing career . Morgan began his career at Tranmere Rovers , making his debut on 27 August 1996 in a 2–0 victory over Port Vale before spending time on loan at Conference National side Altrincham . The following season , Morgan began to establish himself in the first team at Prenton Park , making 23 appearances in all competitions . Rovers fought their way to the 2000 League Cup Final and with Morgan as an unused substitute , they were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City . However continuing injury problems restricted his first team appearances in the following years and , in 2002 , he was allowed to join Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . He played just three times for Doncaster before being released and instead moved to Morecambe in December 2002 . After a spell with Porthmadog , Morgan took over as player-manager of Welsh Premier League side NEWI Cefn Druids , replacing Steve OShaughnessy in February 2004 . However , he spent just 10 months in the role before stepping down in December 2004 and moving to Rhyl , where he made one appearance before ending his first team playing career at Connahs Quay Nomads . Managerial career . In 2007 , Morgan joined Bangor City as assistant manager to former Tranmere player Neville Powell where they led the side to two consecutive top six finishes and UEFA Cup places . Aberystwyth Town . Morgan was appointed as manager of his home town team Aberystwyth Town in November 2009 , succeeding Brian Coyne . Morgan was joined by his former Tranmere and Wales under-21 teammate Christian Edwards , who had served as caretaker manager of the club during the vacancy , as his assistant manager . In his first season , Morgan took Aberystwyth to a fourth-placed finish . He left the club in February 2012 by mutual consent after a disappointing season . Llandudno . In November 2012 , Morgan was appointed manager of Llandudno . Following his appointment he was named Cymru Alliance Manager of the Month . Morgan lead Llandudno to promotion to the Welsh Premier League for the first time in the clubs existence after winning the 2014–15 Cymru Alliance . He parted company with the club on 23 October 2017 after five years in charge . Colwyn Bay . In November 2017 Morgan was appointed manager of Colwyn Bay . Marine . In September 2018 Morgan was appointed assistant manager of Marine . Honours . As a manager . Llanduno - Cymru Alliance - Winners 2014–15 Individual . - Welsh Premier League Manager of the Month : November 2015 , March 2010 References . External links . - Welsh Premier profile#
|
[
"Porthmadog"
] |
easy
|
Alan Morgan (footballer, born 1973) played for which team from 2003 to 2004?
|
/wiki/Alan_Morgan_(footballer,_born_1973)#P54#2
|
Alan Morgan ( footballer , born 1973 ) Alan Morgan ( born 2 November 1973 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales under-21 international . He moved into club management after his playing career , with Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town . Playing career . Morgan began his career at Tranmere Rovers , making his debut on 27 August 1996 in a 2–0 victory over Port Vale before spending time on loan at Conference National side Altrincham . The following season , Morgan began to establish himself in the first team at Prenton Park , making 23 appearances in all competitions . Rovers fought their way to the 2000 League Cup Final and with Morgan as an unused substitute , they were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City . However continuing injury problems restricted his first team appearances in the following years and , in 2002 , he was allowed to join Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . He played just three times for Doncaster before being released and instead moved to Morecambe in December 2002 . After a spell with Porthmadog , Morgan took over as player-manager of Welsh Premier League side NEWI Cefn Druids , replacing Steve OShaughnessy in February 2004 . However , he spent just 10 months in the role before stepping down in December 2004 and moving to Rhyl , where he made one appearance before ending his first team playing career at Connahs Quay Nomads . Managerial career . In 2007 , Morgan joined Bangor City as assistant manager to former Tranmere player Neville Powell where they led the side to two consecutive top six finishes and UEFA Cup places . Aberystwyth Town . Morgan was appointed as manager of his home town team Aberystwyth Town in November 2009 , succeeding Brian Coyne . Morgan was joined by his former Tranmere and Wales under-21 teammate Christian Edwards , who had served as caretaker manager of the club during the vacancy , as his assistant manager . In his first season , Morgan took Aberystwyth to a fourth-placed finish . He left the club in February 2012 by mutual consent after a disappointing season . Llandudno . In November 2012 , Morgan was appointed manager of Llandudno . Following his appointment he was named Cymru Alliance Manager of the Month . Morgan lead Llandudno to promotion to the Welsh Premier League for the first time in the clubs existence after winning the 2014–15 Cymru Alliance . He parted company with the club on 23 October 2017 after five years in charge . Colwyn Bay . In November 2017 Morgan was appointed manager of Colwyn Bay . Marine . In September 2018 Morgan was appointed assistant manager of Marine . Honours . As a manager . Llanduno - Cymru Alliance - Winners 2014–15 Individual . - Welsh Premier League Manager of the Month : November 2015 , March 2010 References . External links . - Welsh Premier profile#
|
[
"Cefn Druids"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Alan Morgan (footballer, born 1973) belong to from 2004 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Alan_Morgan_(footballer,_born_1973)#P54#3
|
Alan Morgan ( footballer , born 1973 ) Alan Morgan ( born 2 November 1973 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales under-21 international . He moved into club management after his playing career , with Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town . Playing career . Morgan began his career at Tranmere Rovers , making his debut on 27 August 1996 in a 2–0 victory over Port Vale before spending time on loan at Conference National side Altrincham . The following season , Morgan began to establish himself in the first team at Prenton Park , making 23 appearances in all competitions . Rovers fought their way to the 2000 League Cup Final and with Morgan as an unused substitute , they were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City . However continuing injury problems restricted his first team appearances in the following years and , in 2002 , he was allowed to join Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . He played just three times for Doncaster before being released and instead moved to Morecambe in December 2002 . After a spell with Porthmadog , Morgan took over as player-manager of Welsh Premier League side NEWI Cefn Druids , replacing Steve OShaughnessy in February 2004 . However , he spent just 10 months in the role before stepping down in December 2004 and moving to Rhyl , where he made one appearance before ending his first team playing career at Connahs Quay Nomads . Managerial career . In 2007 , Morgan joined Bangor City as assistant manager to former Tranmere player Neville Powell where they led the side to two consecutive top six finishes and UEFA Cup places . Aberystwyth Town . Morgan was appointed as manager of his home town team Aberystwyth Town in November 2009 , succeeding Brian Coyne . Morgan was joined by his former Tranmere and Wales under-21 teammate Christian Edwards , who had served as caretaker manager of the club during the vacancy , as his assistant manager . In his first season , Morgan took Aberystwyth to a fourth-placed finish . He left the club in February 2012 by mutual consent after a disappointing season . Llandudno . In November 2012 , Morgan was appointed manager of Llandudno . Following his appointment he was named Cymru Alliance Manager of the Month . Morgan lead Llandudno to promotion to the Welsh Premier League for the first time in the clubs existence after winning the 2014–15 Cymru Alliance . He parted company with the club on 23 October 2017 after five years in charge . Colwyn Bay . In November 2017 Morgan was appointed manager of Colwyn Bay . Marine . In September 2018 Morgan was appointed assistant manager of Marine . Honours . As a manager . Llanduno - Cymru Alliance - Winners 2014–15 Individual . - Welsh Premier League Manager of the Month : November 2015 , March 2010 References . External links . - Welsh Premier profile#
|
[
"Connahs Quay Nomads"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Alan Morgan (footballer, born 1973) belong to from 2005 to 2006?
|
/wiki/Alan_Morgan_(footballer,_born_1973)#P54#4
|
Alan Morgan ( footballer , born 1973 ) Alan Morgan ( born 2 November 1973 ) is a Welsh former professional footballer and Wales under-21 international . He moved into club management after his playing career , with Welsh Premier League side Aberystwyth Town . Playing career . Morgan began his career at Tranmere Rovers , making his debut on 27 August 1996 in a 2–0 victory over Port Vale before spending time on loan at Conference National side Altrincham . The following season , Morgan began to establish himself in the first team at Prenton Park , making 23 appearances in all competitions . Rovers fought their way to the 2000 League Cup Final and with Morgan as an unused substitute , they were defeated 2–1 by Leicester City . However continuing injury problems restricted his first team appearances in the following years and , in 2002 , he was allowed to join Doncaster Rovers on a free transfer . He played just three times for Doncaster before being released and instead moved to Morecambe in December 2002 . After a spell with Porthmadog , Morgan took over as player-manager of Welsh Premier League side NEWI Cefn Druids , replacing Steve OShaughnessy in February 2004 . However , he spent just 10 months in the role before stepping down in December 2004 and moving to Rhyl , where he made one appearance before ending his first team playing career at Connahs Quay Nomads . Managerial career . In 2007 , Morgan joined Bangor City as assistant manager to former Tranmere player Neville Powell where they led the side to two consecutive top six finishes and UEFA Cup places . Aberystwyth Town . Morgan was appointed as manager of his home town team Aberystwyth Town in November 2009 , succeeding Brian Coyne . Morgan was joined by his former Tranmere and Wales under-21 teammate Christian Edwards , who had served as caretaker manager of the club during the vacancy , as his assistant manager . In his first season , Morgan took Aberystwyth to a fourth-placed finish . He left the club in February 2012 by mutual consent after a disappointing season . Llandudno . In November 2012 , Morgan was appointed manager of Llandudno . Following his appointment he was named Cymru Alliance Manager of the Month . Morgan lead Llandudno to promotion to the Welsh Premier League for the first time in the clubs existence after winning the 2014–15 Cymru Alliance . He parted company with the club on 23 October 2017 after five years in charge . Colwyn Bay . In November 2017 Morgan was appointed manager of Colwyn Bay . Marine . In September 2018 Morgan was appointed assistant manager of Marine . Honours . As a manager . Llanduno - Cymru Alliance - Winners 2014–15 Individual . - Welsh Premier League Manager of the Month : November 2015 , March 2010 References . External links . - Welsh Premier profile#
|
[
"NYRBA , Inc"
] |
easy
|
Panair do Brasil was owned by whom from Oct 1929 to Nov 1930?
|
/wiki/Panair_do_Brasil#P127#0
|
Panair do Brasil Panair do Brasil ( or simply Panair ) was an airline of Brazil . Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America . It ceased operations in 1965 . History . NYRBA do Brasil ( 1929-1930 ) . Panair do Brasil began operations on October 22 , 1929 , as NYRBA do Brasil S.A. , a Brazilian subsidiary of NYRBA , Inc . ( New York , Rio , and Buenos Aires Line ) , forerunner of Pan American . Both airlines were established by Ralph Ambrose ONeill for the transportation of post and passengers using seaplanes between the United States , Brazil and Argentina , flying over the east coast of the continent . NYRBA do Brasil came as an American competitive response to a service that had been provided by Germans since 1927 . Starting that year , Condor Syndikat and later its successor Deutsche Luft Hansa explored the Brazilian market by establishing the subsidiary Syndicato Condor , and the Brazilian airline Varig . Initially , ONeill tried to purchase ETA – Empresa de Transporte Aéreo , a Brazilian airline which claimed to have exclusive concessions to fly within Brazil . The legality of the sale and purchase contract was questioned and the operation was aborted . ONeill decided then to create his own Brazilian subsidiary , which would operate in partnership with NYRBA . At that time , if a foreign airline wanted to operate in Brazilian territory , it was required to create a subsidiary . This allowed a fair competition between national and foreign carriers . Advised by politicians , ONeill established NYRBA do Brasil . The creation of this subsidiary was authorized on October 15 , 1929 and on January 24 , 1930 its operations were authorized in all Brazilian territory , with extensions to Uruguay , Argentina , and the Guianas , pending on bi-lateral agreements . The first flight took off from the Calabouço Airport ( which in 1936 would be officially named Santos Dumont Airport ) in Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires with intermediate stops on December 23 , 1929 , and in January 1930 it started flying between Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza with intermediate stops in Campos dos Goytacazes , Vitória , Caravelas , Ilhéus , Salvador , Aracaju , Maceió , Recife and Natal . The first successful cargo operation between Buenos Aires and Miami , a joint-venture with NYRBA , took place between February 19 and 25 , 1930 . In this operation , 8 different seaplanes were used . On April 30 , 1930 NYRBA was sold to Pan American and , as a consequence , on November 21 , 1930 the new owner of the subsidiary renamed NYRBA do Brasil as Panair do Brasil . Domestic and Regional Expansion ( 1930-1945 ) . Regular passenger services began on March 2 , 1931 with a flight between Belém and Rio de Janeiro , a journey that took 5 days . This service was later extended to Buenos Aires and the operations enhanced to the point that it took the same 5 days , with overnight stops in Fortaleza , Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre . Starting in 1933 , Panair do Brasil , competing with Syndicato Condor established services to the interior of Brazil . Panair specialized itself in water-landing operations in the Amazon basin , whereas Condor invested in land operations using the route of Mato Grosso . In 1937 Panair opened its own dedicated headquarters at Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro , a project inspired by the Pan American Seaplane Base and Terminal Building , in Miami , including not only passenger operations but also offices and hangars . It remained its headquarters until it was forced to cease its operations in 1965 . Presently it houses the Third Regional Air Command of the Brazilian Air Force . In October 1937 Panair received its first land planes , a Lockheed Model 10 Electra and started operations not restricted by water-landing . It was used on services to Belo Horizonte , locations in the state of Minas Gerais reaching later Goiânia and to São Paulo . New domestic services were continually opened to the point that in the 1940s , the airline had one of the most extensive domestic networks in the world , covering most of Brazil via the coast and inland , and the Amazon region . As World War II erupted , Panair gained a clear advantage in relation to its fiercest competitor , Syndicato Condor , controlled by German capital . Furthermore , since the newly created Ministry of Air Force did not have the capacity or technique to build and maintain air fields , by the Federal Decree-Law 3.462 of June 25 , 1941 , Panair was authorized to build , enhance and maintain the airports of Macapá , Belém , São Luís , Fortaleza , Natal , Recife , Maceió , and Salvador , which remain operational to the present day . They had crucial strategic importance in the defense of the South Atlantic and in the transportation logistics between Brazil and West Africa . The authorization lasted for 20 years . NYRBA do Brasil/Panair do Brasil remained under full control of NYRBA/Pan American until 1942 , when the latter sold a big portion of shares to Brazilian capital . On December 7 , 1943 the participation of Pan American was further reduced to 58% . That same year Panair was authorized to fly to all South American countries . Panair also innovated by starting on September 2 , 1943 the first overnight service in Brazil : Rio/Belém with intermediate stops . Intercontinental Expansion ( 1945-1965 ) . Shortly after the end of World War II , Panair seized the opportunity to grow further . In 1946 , the majority of its shares - 52% - was in the hands of Brazilian nationals and thus satisfied one of the preconditions to operate abroad . The last lot of shares in the hands of Pan Am was sold in 1961 . As such the Brazilian government granted to Panair the concession to operate services to Europe , being the only Brazilian airline with such a concession . In March 1946 Panair received its first Lockheed 049 Constellation , being the first airline outside the United States to operate this aircraft . The first flight took off on April 27 , 1946 from Rio de Janeiro to Recife , Dakar , Lisbon , Paris and London . Panair was also the first international airline to land on the then newly inaugurated London Heathrow Airport . As Panair received further equipment , flights to Madrid and Rome were inaugurated . In 1947 services were extended to Cairo and Istanbul , and in 1948 to Zurich and Frankfurt . The same year , services to Montevideo and Buenos Aires began . Santiago de Chile , Lima and Beirut were added in 1950 and Hamburg and Düsseldorf in 1954 . The airline gradually set such a high standard for its customer services and for many years in Brazil the expression padrão Panair ( ) , became a synonym of excellence in aviation . In fact , the excellence was so well known at the time that years later its DC-8-33 appeared in a handful of movies , including the Italian-French co-production , ( 1962 ) , and the French productions La Peau Douce ( 1964 ) , and Lhomme de Rio ( 1964 ) . In 1953 Panair placed an order for 4 de Havilland Comet 2 with an option for further 2 Comet 3 . Panair was the second airline to place an order to such aircraft , only behind BOAC . Those orders were canceled in 1954 due to flaws on the planes original design . In 1955 the unused funds of the Comet order were used to purchase 4 Douglas DC-7C , at that time the ideal aircraft for long-haul operations . The first arrived in 1957 . In 1961 Panair purchased 4 Sud Aviation Caravelle , which entered into service in 1962 , operating on domestic trunk routes . In terms of agreements , between 1956 and 1958 Panair and Lóide Aéreo Nacional maintained an agreement to avoid harmful competition , in which the Brazilian territory was divided into areas of influence . The agreement also included leasing of aircraft . Between November 30 , 1960 and 1965 Panair operated with TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses the Voo da amizade ( ) , between São Paulo-Congonhas , Rio de Janeiro-Galeão and Lisbon , with stops in Recife and Sal , using a dedicated Douglas DC-7C aircraft bearing the names of both airlines , TAP flight numbers and crew of the two airlines . Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights , which were extremely popular due to their low fares . In 1961 , Panair started operating the Douglas DC-8-33 to Europe . However , in spite of its excellent service , Panair faced increasing competition from other foreign state-run airlines . Addressing the situation , Panair formed an operational pool with Aerolíneas Argentinas , Alitalia , and Lufthansa . In 1962 , Panair incorporated SUD SE-210 Caravelle 6-R jet aircraft for its main domestic and South American routes . Shutdown ( 1965 ) . Panair do Brasil was forced to cease operations abruptly on February 10 , 1965 , when the Brazilian military government , which seized power the year before , suspended its operational certification and allotted its international route concessions to Varig and domestic to Cruzeiro do Sul . In fact , that very night , the Douglas DC-8-33 scheduled to operate flight PB22 , departing at 10:30 PM from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Recife , Lisbon , Paris-Orly and Frankfurt was immediately replaced by a Varig Boeing 707 . There were no flight cancellations . The operation also involved the transfer of 3 of its Caravelles and 3 of its Catalinas to Cruzeiro do Sul , and 2 of its DC-8-33 to Varig . It is known today that Varig and Cruzeiro had previous knowledge of the governments decision and time to prepare . The sudden suspension of Panair shocked the country . Since its financial problems were not serious enough to justify the governments actions , the company tried to protect its assets by filing for bankruptcy protection while its lawyers debated the issue in Court . Pressured by the military , the judge that was studying the carriers plea declared Panair officially bankrupt on February 15 , 1965 . It has since been determined that the shutdown of Panair do Brasil was not based on financial or technical reasons , but on other political factors , such as the military government persecution of the companys shareholders , businessmen Celso da Rocha Miranda and Mário Wallace Simonsen . Beyond the Forced Bankruptcy ( 1965-ongoing ) . The controversial decision to liquidate Panair so suddenly triggered a lengthy legal battle . On December 14 , 1984 , the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court acknowledged that the airline had operated within regular technical and financial parameters when it was shut down and the Federal government was sentenced to pay reparations to its former owners and/or heirs . The forced bankruptcy was suspended on May 5 , 1995 , and since then Panair seeks indemnizations from the Ministry of Justice . On August 27 , 2009 , after a 44-year delay , the Air Command of the Brazilian Ministry of Defence revoked Panairs route and schedule concessions , which are mandatory for airline operations . Former employees of Panair do Brasil , their families and friends attend an annual reunion on the week of October 22 , the airlines birthday , in Rio de Janeiro . This tradition has been religiously preserved since 1966 and there is a movement to include it in the Guinness World Records . Panair do Brasil has been featured in a number of Brazilian television productions , such as Anos Rebeldes ( 1992 ) , Hilda Furacão ( 1998 ) , JK ( TV series ) ( 2006 ) and ( 2009 ) . In 2008 the documentary Panair do Brasil was released . The film , directed by Marco Altberg and screenwritten by Daniel Leb Sasaki summarises the history of the airline . In October 2012 , director Ricardo Pinto e Silva and journalist Daniel Leb Sasaki began production for a new feature documentary film called Mario Wallace Simonsen , entre a memória e a história , still unreleased . The pair interviewed former Panair employees during their 2012 reunion . On March 23 , 2013 , the Brazilian National Truth Commission , established in 2012 by the Brazilian government to investigate acts of human rights violations between 1946 and 1988 , held a public event in Rio de Janeiro to address the circumstances behind the shutdown of Panair do Brasil . The group has recently had access to unpublished documentation which would prove that the companys owners were victims of the countrys military regime . On March 11 , 2019 , Brazilian newspaper O Globo informed that Daniel Leb Sasakis book about the demise of Panair do Brasil , called Pouso forçado : a história por trás da destruição da Panair do Brasil pelo regime militar , will become a TV series directed by Mauro Lima and screenwritten by Rosana Rodini and the author himself . Accidents and incidents . Accidents . - 18 August 1941 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBD en route from Curitiba-Bacacheri to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the Cantareira mountain range near São Paulo . 8 out of 13 passengers and crew aboard died . - 28 September 1942 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBG en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the location of Pedra Branca , near Santo André . All 15 passengers and crew died . - 31 August 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBI crashed while on night approach to Congonhas-São Paulo Airport under heavy fog . All 16 occupants died . - 21 September 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBH crashed shortly after take-off from Salvador da Bahia . All 18 occupants died . - 27 September 1946 : a Douglas DC-3-228D registration PP-PCH flying from Belo Horizonte-Pampulha to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont crashed into a mountain near the location of Alto Rio Doce near Barbacena probably due to bad weather . All 25 passengers and crew died . - 3 January 1947 : a Sikorsky S-43B Baby Clipper registration PP-PBN crashed in São Paulo de Olivença . 11 out of 14 occupants died . - 28 July 1950 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PCG operating flight 99 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Gravataí Air Force Base ( presently Canoas Air Force Base ) struck power lines and crashed on a hill after and aborted landing and while holding in bad weather near São Leopoldo . All 50 passengers and crew died . At the time of the accident the runway at São João Airport ( presently Salgado Filho ) was not yet paved , therefore the Constellations used the Air Base runway . - 28 February 1952 : a Douglas DC-3A-393 registration PP-PCN flying from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Goiânia via Uberlândia , a wing struck a tree during operations to land at Uberlândia . 8 out of the 31 occupants died . - 17 June 1953 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDA , operating flight 263 from London to Buenos Aires with multiple stops , crashed on final approach to São Paulo-Congonhas . Apparently causes are related to night operations with little visibility . All 17 passengers and crew died . - 16 June 1955 : a Lockheed L-149 Constellation registration PP-PDJ operating flight 263 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Buenos Aires-Ezeiza via São Paulo-Congonhas and Asunción hit a 12 m tree while on final approach to land at Asunción . Part of the wing broke off , the aircraft crashed and caught fire . 16 out of 24 passengers and crew aboard died . - 18 April 1956 : a Consolidated PBY-5A/6A Catalina registration PP-PDB flying from Belém to Parintins broke in two after striking a submerged object or debris on landing procedures . 3 out of the 12 passengers and crew aboard died . - 1 November 1961 : a Douglas DC-7C registration PP-PDO en route from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão via Sal and Recife , during its final approach at Recife , struck an 84m hill 2,7 km away from the runway and broke up . The aircraft was doing a night approach too low and outside the regular traffic pattern . 45 passengers and crew out of the 88 persons aboard died . The aircraft was operating the Voo da amizade ( ) . - 20 August 1962 : a Douglas DC-8-33 registration PP-PDT taking-off from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Lisbon overran the runway into the ocean during an aborted operation . 14 out of 120 passengers and crew aboard died . - 14 December 1962 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDE en route from Belém-Val de Cans to Manaus-Ponta Pelada crashed in the jungle , during a night approach , due to unknown causes , approximately 45 km from Manaus at the location of Paraná da Eva . All 50 passengers and crew died . Incidents . - 25 September 1932 : a Sikorsky S-38 registration P-BDAD still bearing the titles of Nyrba do Brasil was seized in the companys hangar by three men , who took a fourth as one hostage . None were aviators but they managed to take-off . However the aircraft crashed in São João de Meriti , killing the four men . Apparently the hijack was related to the events of the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo and it is considered to be the first hijack that took place in Brazil . - 2 December 1959 : a Lockheed L-049/149 Constellation registration PP-PCR operating the flight 246 en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Belém-Val de Cans , with 44 passengers and crew aboard , was seized and hijacked by officers of the Brazilian Air Force and made to land at Aragarças , Goiás . Their intention was to use the aircraft in a bombing of Government buildings in Rio de Janeiro , starting thus a revolt against President Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira . The revolt faded after 36 hours and the aircraft was commanded to fly to Buenos Aires where the hijackers requested asylum . There were no victims .
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Who was the owner of Panair do Brasil from Nov 1930 to 1946?
|
/wiki/Panair_do_Brasil#P127#1
|
Panair do Brasil Panair do Brasil ( or simply Panair ) was an airline of Brazil . Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America . It ceased operations in 1965 . History . NYRBA do Brasil ( 1929-1930 ) . Panair do Brasil began operations on October 22 , 1929 , as NYRBA do Brasil S.A. , a Brazilian subsidiary of NYRBA , Inc . ( New York , Rio , and Buenos Aires Line ) , forerunner of Pan American . Both airlines were established by Ralph Ambrose ONeill for the transportation of post and passengers using seaplanes between the United States , Brazil and Argentina , flying over the east coast of the continent . NYRBA do Brasil came as an American competitive response to a service that had been provided by Germans since 1927 . Starting that year , Condor Syndikat and later its successor Deutsche Luft Hansa explored the Brazilian market by establishing the subsidiary Syndicato Condor , and the Brazilian airline Varig . Initially , ONeill tried to purchase ETA – Empresa de Transporte Aéreo , a Brazilian airline which claimed to have exclusive concessions to fly within Brazil . The legality of the sale and purchase contract was questioned and the operation was aborted . ONeill decided then to create his own Brazilian subsidiary , which would operate in partnership with NYRBA . At that time , if a foreign airline wanted to operate in Brazilian territory , it was required to create a subsidiary . This allowed a fair competition between national and foreign carriers . Advised by politicians , ONeill established NYRBA do Brasil . The creation of this subsidiary was authorized on October 15 , 1929 and on January 24 , 1930 its operations were authorized in all Brazilian territory , with extensions to Uruguay , Argentina , and the Guianas , pending on bi-lateral agreements . The first flight took off from the Calabouço Airport ( which in 1936 would be officially named Santos Dumont Airport ) in Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires with intermediate stops on December 23 , 1929 , and in January 1930 it started flying between Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza with intermediate stops in Campos dos Goytacazes , Vitória , Caravelas , Ilhéus , Salvador , Aracaju , Maceió , Recife and Natal . The first successful cargo operation between Buenos Aires and Miami , a joint-venture with NYRBA , took place between February 19 and 25 , 1930 . In this operation , 8 different seaplanes were used . On April 30 , 1930 NYRBA was sold to Pan American and , as a consequence , on November 21 , 1930 the new owner of the subsidiary renamed NYRBA do Brasil as Panair do Brasil . Domestic and Regional Expansion ( 1930-1945 ) . Regular passenger services began on March 2 , 1931 with a flight between Belém and Rio de Janeiro , a journey that took 5 days . This service was later extended to Buenos Aires and the operations enhanced to the point that it took the same 5 days , with overnight stops in Fortaleza , Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre . Starting in 1933 , Panair do Brasil , competing with Syndicato Condor established services to the interior of Brazil . Panair specialized itself in water-landing operations in the Amazon basin , whereas Condor invested in land operations using the route of Mato Grosso . In 1937 Panair opened its own dedicated headquarters at Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro , a project inspired by the Pan American Seaplane Base and Terminal Building , in Miami , including not only passenger operations but also offices and hangars . It remained its headquarters until it was forced to cease its operations in 1965 . Presently it houses the Third Regional Air Command of the Brazilian Air Force . In October 1937 Panair received its first land planes , a Lockheed Model 10 Electra and started operations not restricted by water-landing . It was used on services to Belo Horizonte , locations in the state of Minas Gerais reaching later Goiânia and to São Paulo . New domestic services were continually opened to the point that in the 1940s , the airline had one of the most extensive domestic networks in the world , covering most of Brazil via the coast and inland , and the Amazon region . As World War II erupted , Panair gained a clear advantage in relation to its fiercest competitor , Syndicato Condor , controlled by German capital . Furthermore , since the newly created Ministry of Air Force did not have the capacity or technique to build and maintain air fields , by the Federal Decree-Law 3.462 of June 25 , 1941 , Panair was authorized to build , enhance and maintain the airports of Macapá , Belém , São Luís , Fortaleza , Natal , Recife , Maceió , and Salvador , which remain operational to the present day . They had crucial strategic importance in the defense of the South Atlantic and in the transportation logistics between Brazil and West Africa . The authorization lasted for 20 years . NYRBA do Brasil/Panair do Brasil remained under full control of NYRBA/Pan American until 1942 , when the latter sold a big portion of shares to Brazilian capital . On December 7 , 1943 the participation of Pan American was further reduced to 58% . That same year Panair was authorized to fly to all South American countries . Panair also innovated by starting on September 2 , 1943 the first overnight service in Brazil : Rio/Belém with intermediate stops . Intercontinental Expansion ( 1945-1965 ) . Shortly after the end of World War II , Panair seized the opportunity to grow further . In 1946 , the majority of its shares - 52% - was in the hands of Brazilian nationals and thus satisfied one of the preconditions to operate abroad . The last lot of shares in the hands of Pan Am was sold in 1961 . As such the Brazilian government granted to Panair the concession to operate services to Europe , being the only Brazilian airline with such a concession . In March 1946 Panair received its first Lockheed 049 Constellation , being the first airline outside the United States to operate this aircraft . The first flight took off on April 27 , 1946 from Rio de Janeiro to Recife , Dakar , Lisbon , Paris and London . Panair was also the first international airline to land on the then newly inaugurated London Heathrow Airport . As Panair received further equipment , flights to Madrid and Rome were inaugurated . In 1947 services were extended to Cairo and Istanbul , and in 1948 to Zurich and Frankfurt . The same year , services to Montevideo and Buenos Aires began . Santiago de Chile , Lima and Beirut were added in 1950 and Hamburg and Düsseldorf in 1954 . The airline gradually set such a high standard for its customer services and for many years in Brazil the expression padrão Panair ( ) , became a synonym of excellence in aviation . In fact , the excellence was so well known at the time that years later its DC-8-33 appeared in a handful of movies , including the Italian-French co-production , ( 1962 ) , and the French productions La Peau Douce ( 1964 ) , and Lhomme de Rio ( 1964 ) . In 1953 Panair placed an order for 4 de Havilland Comet 2 with an option for further 2 Comet 3 . Panair was the second airline to place an order to such aircraft , only behind BOAC . Those orders were canceled in 1954 due to flaws on the planes original design . In 1955 the unused funds of the Comet order were used to purchase 4 Douglas DC-7C , at that time the ideal aircraft for long-haul operations . The first arrived in 1957 . In 1961 Panair purchased 4 Sud Aviation Caravelle , which entered into service in 1962 , operating on domestic trunk routes . In terms of agreements , between 1956 and 1958 Panair and Lóide Aéreo Nacional maintained an agreement to avoid harmful competition , in which the Brazilian territory was divided into areas of influence . The agreement also included leasing of aircraft . Between November 30 , 1960 and 1965 Panair operated with TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses the Voo da amizade ( ) , between São Paulo-Congonhas , Rio de Janeiro-Galeão and Lisbon , with stops in Recife and Sal , using a dedicated Douglas DC-7C aircraft bearing the names of both airlines , TAP flight numbers and crew of the two airlines . Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights , which were extremely popular due to their low fares . In 1961 , Panair started operating the Douglas DC-8-33 to Europe . However , in spite of its excellent service , Panair faced increasing competition from other foreign state-run airlines . Addressing the situation , Panair formed an operational pool with Aerolíneas Argentinas , Alitalia , and Lufthansa . In 1962 , Panair incorporated SUD SE-210 Caravelle 6-R jet aircraft for its main domestic and South American routes . Shutdown ( 1965 ) . Panair do Brasil was forced to cease operations abruptly on February 10 , 1965 , when the Brazilian military government , which seized power the year before , suspended its operational certification and allotted its international route concessions to Varig and domestic to Cruzeiro do Sul . In fact , that very night , the Douglas DC-8-33 scheduled to operate flight PB22 , departing at 10:30 PM from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Recife , Lisbon , Paris-Orly and Frankfurt was immediately replaced by a Varig Boeing 707 . There were no flight cancellations . The operation also involved the transfer of 3 of its Caravelles and 3 of its Catalinas to Cruzeiro do Sul , and 2 of its DC-8-33 to Varig . It is known today that Varig and Cruzeiro had previous knowledge of the governments decision and time to prepare . The sudden suspension of Panair shocked the country . Since its financial problems were not serious enough to justify the governments actions , the company tried to protect its assets by filing for bankruptcy protection while its lawyers debated the issue in Court . Pressured by the military , the judge that was studying the carriers plea declared Panair officially bankrupt on February 15 , 1965 . It has since been determined that the shutdown of Panair do Brasil was not based on financial or technical reasons , but on other political factors , such as the military government persecution of the companys shareholders , businessmen Celso da Rocha Miranda and Mário Wallace Simonsen . Beyond the Forced Bankruptcy ( 1965-ongoing ) . The controversial decision to liquidate Panair so suddenly triggered a lengthy legal battle . On December 14 , 1984 , the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court acknowledged that the airline had operated within regular technical and financial parameters when it was shut down and the Federal government was sentenced to pay reparations to its former owners and/or heirs . The forced bankruptcy was suspended on May 5 , 1995 , and since then Panair seeks indemnizations from the Ministry of Justice . On August 27 , 2009 , after a 44-year delay , the Air Command of the Brazilian Ministry of Defence revoked Panairs route and schedule concessions , which are mandatory for airline operations . Former employees of Panair do Brasil , their families and friends attend an annual reunion on the week of October 22 , the airlines birthday , in Rio de Janeiro . This tradition has been religiously preserved since 1966 and there is a movement to include it in the Guinness World Records . Panair do Brasil has been featured in a number of Brazilian television productions , such as Anos Rebeldes ( 1992 ) , Hilda Furacão ( 1998 ) , JK ( TV series ) ( 2006 ) and ( 2009 ) . In 2008 the documentary Panair do Brasil was released . The film , directed by Marco Altberg and screenwritten by Daniel Leb Sasaki summarises the history of the airline . In October 2012 , director Ricardo Pinto e Silva and journalist Daniel Leb Sasaki began production for a new feature documentary film called Mario Wallace Simonsen , entre a memória e a história , still unreleased . The pair interviewed former Panair employees during their 2012 reunion . On March 23 , 2013 , the Brazilian National Truth Commission , established in 2012 by the Brazilian government to investigate acts of human rights violations between 1946 and 1988 , held a public event in Rio de Janeiro to address the circumstances behind the shutdown of Panair do Brasil . The group has recently had access to unpublished documentation which would prove that the companys owners were victims of the countrys military regime . On March 11 , 2019 , Brazilian newspaper O Globo informed that Daniel Leb Sasakis book about the demise of Panair do Brasil , called Pouso forçado : a história por trás da destruição da Panair do Brasil pelo regime militar , will become a TV series directed by Mauro Lima and screenwritten by Rosana Rodini and the author himself . Accidents and incidents . Accidents . - 18 August 1941 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBD en route from Curitiba-Bacacheri to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the Cantareira mountain range near São Paulo . 8 out of 13 passengers and crew aboard died . - 28 September 1942 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBG en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the location of Pedra Branca , near Santo André . All 15 passengers and crew died . - 31 August 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBI crashed while on night approach to Congonhas-São Paulo Airport under heavy fog . All 16 occupants died . - 21 September 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBH crashed shortly after take-off from Salvador da Bahia . All 18 occupants died . - 27 September 1946 : a Douglas DC-3-228D registration PP-PCH flying from Belo Horizonte-Pampulha to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont crashed into a mountain near the location of Alto Rio Doce near Barbacena probably due to bad weather . All 25 passengers and crew died . - 3 January 1947 : a Sikorsky S-43B Baby Clipper registration PP-PBN crashed in São Paulo de Olivença . 11 out of 14 occupants died . - 28 July 1950 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PCG operating flight 99 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Gravataí Air Force Base ( presently Canoas Air Force Base ) struck power lines and crashed on a hill after and aborted landing and while holding in bad weather near São Leopoldo . All 50 passengers and crew died . At the time of the accident the runway at São João Airport ( presently Salgado Filho ) was not yet paved , therefore the Constellations used the Air Base runway . - 28 February 1952 : a Douglas DC-3A-393 registration PP-PCN flying from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Goiânia via Uberlândia , a wing struck a tree during operations to land at Uberlândia . 8 out of the 31 occupants died . - 17 June 1953 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDA , operating flight 263 from London to Buenos Aires with multiple stops , crashed on final approach to São Paulo-Congonhas . Apparently causes are related to night operations with little visibility . All 17 passengers and crew died . - 16 June 1955 : a Lockheed L-149 Constellation registration PP-PDJ operating flight 263 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Buenos Aires-Ezeiza via São Paulo-Congonhas and Asunción hit a 12 m tree while on final approach to land at Asunción . Part of the wing broke off , the aircraft crashed and caught fire . 16 out of 24 passengers and crew aboard died . - 18 April 1956 : a Consolidated PBY-5A/6A Catalina registration PP-PDB flying from Belém to Parintins broke in two after striking a submerged object or debris on landing procedures . 3 out of the 12 passengers and crew aboard died . - 1 November 1961 : a Douglas DC-7C registration PP-PDO en route from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão via Sal and Recife , during its final approach at Recife , struck an 84m hill 2,7 km away from the runway and broke up . The aircraft was doing a night approach too low and outside the regular traffic pattern . 45 passengers and crew out of the 88 persons aboard died . The aircraft was operating the Voo da amizade ( ) . - 20 August 1962 : a Douglas DC-8-33 registration PP-PDT taking-off from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Lisbon overran the runway into the ocean during an aborted operation . 14 out of 120 passengers and crew aboard died . - 14 December 1962 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDE en route from Belém-Val de Cans to Manaus-Ponta Pelada crashed in the jungle , during a night approach , due to unknown causes , approximately 45 km from Manaus at the location of Paraná da Eva . All 50 passengers and crew died . Incidents . - 25 September 1932 : a Sikorsky S-38 registration P-BDAD still bearing the titles of Nyrba do Brasil was seized in the companys hangar by three men , who took a fourth as one hostage . None were aviators but they managed to take-off . However the aircraft crashed in São João de Meriti , killing the four men . Apparently the hijack was related to the events of the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo and it is considered to be the first hijack that took place in Brazil . - 2 December 1959 : a Lockheed L-049/149 Constellation registration PP-PCR operating the flight 246 en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Belém-Val de Cans , with 44 passengers and crew aboard , was seized and hijacked by officers of the Brazilian Air Force and made to land at Aragarças , Goiás . Their intention was to use the aircraft in a bombing of Government buildings in Rio de Janeiro , starting thus a revolt against President Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira . The revolt faded after 36 hours and the aircraft was commanded to fly to Buenos Aires where the hijackers requested asylum . There were no victims .
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Who was the owner of Panair do Brasil from 1961 to Feb 1965?
|
/wiki/Panair_do_Brasil#P127#2
|
Panair do Brasil Panair do Brasil ( or simply Panair ) was an airline of Brazil . Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America . It ceased operations in 1965 . History . NYRBA do Brasil ( 1929-1930 ) . Panair do Brasil began operations on October 22 , 1929 , as NYRBA do Brasil S.A. , a Brazilian subsidiary of NYRBA , Inc . ( New York , Rio , and Buenos Aires Line ) , forerunner of Pan American . Both airlines were established by Ralph Ambrose ONeill for the transportation of post and passengers using seaplanes between the United States , Brazil and Argentina , flying over the east coast of the continent . NYRBA do Brasil came as an American competitive response to a service that had been provided by Germans since 1927 . Starting that year , Condor Syndikat and later its successor Deutsche Luft Hansa explored the Brazilian market by establishing the subsidiary Syndicato Condor , and the Brazilian airline Varig . Initially , ONeill tried to purchase ETA – Empresa de Transporte Aéreo , a Brazilian airline which claimed to have exclusive concessions to fly within Brazil . The legality of the sale and purchase contract was questioned and the operation was aborted . ONeill decided then to create his own Brazilian subsidiary , which would operate in partnership with NYRBA . At that time , if a foreign airline wanted to operate in Brazilian territory , it was required to create a subsidiary . This allowed a fair competition between national and foreign carriers . Advised by politicians , ONeill established NYRBA do Brasil . The creation of this subsidiary was authorized on October 15 , 1929 and on January 24 , 1930 its operations were authorized in all Brazilian territory , with extensions to Uruguay , Argentina , and the Guianas , pending on bi-lateral agreements . The first flight took off from the Calabouço Airport ( which in 1936 would be officially named Santos Dumont Airport ) in Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Aires with intermediate stops on December 23 , 1929 , and in January 1930 it started flying between Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza with intermediate stops in Campos dos Goytacazes , Vitória , Caravelas , Ilhéus , Salvador , Aracaju , Maceió , Recife and Natal . The first successful cargo operation between Buenos Aires and Miami , a joint-venture with NYRBA , took place between February 19 and 25 , 1930 . In this operation , 8 different seaplanes were used . On April 30 , 1930 NYRBA was sold to Pan American and , as a consequence , on November 21 , 1930 the new owner of the subsidiary renamed NYRBA do Brasil as Panair do Brasil . Domestic and Regional Expansion ( 1930-1945 ) . Regular passenger services began on March 2 , 1931 with a flight between Belém and Rio de Janeiro , a journey that took 5 days . This service was later extended to Buenos Aires and the operations enhanced to the point that it took the same 5 days , with overnight stops in Fortaleza , Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre . Starting in 1933 , Panair do Brasil , competing with Syndicato Condor established services to the interior of Brazil . Panair specialized itself in water-landing operations in the Amazon basin , whereas Condor invested in land operations using the route of Mato Grosso . In 1937 Panair opened its own dedicated headquarters at Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro , a project inspired by the Pan American Seaplane Base and Terminal Building , in Miami , including not only passenger operations but also offices and hangars . It remained its headquarters until it was forced to cease its operations in 1965 . Presently it houses the Third Regional Air Command of the Brazilian Air Force . In October 1937 Panair received its first land planes , a Lockheed Model 10 Electra and started operations not restricted by water-landing . It was used on services to Belo Horizonte , locations in the state of Minas Gerais reaching later Goiânia and to São Paulo . New domestic services were continually opened to the point that in the 1940s , the airline had one of the most extensive domestic networks in the world , covering most of Brazil via the coast and inland , and the Amazon region . As World War II erupted , Panair gained a clear advantage in relation to its fiercest competitor , Syndicato Condor , controlled by German capital . Furthermore , since the newly created Ministry of Air Force did not have the capacity or technique to build and maintain air fields , by the Federal Decree-Law 3.462 of June 25 , 1941 , Panair was authorized to build , enhance and maintain the airports of Macapá , Belém , São Luís , Fortaleza , Natal , Recife , Maceió , and Salvador , which remain operational to the present day . They had crucial strategic importance in the defense of the South Atlantic and in the transportation logistics between Brazil and West Africa . The authorization lasted for 20 years . NYRBA do Brasil/Panair do Brasil remained under full control of NYRBA/Pan American until 1942 , when the latter sold a big portion of shares to Brazilian capital . On December 7 , 1943 the participation of Pan American was further reduced to 58% . That same year Panair was authorized to fly to all South American countries . Panair also innovated by starting on September 2 , 1943 the first overnight service in Brazil : Rio/Belém with intermediate stops . Intercontinental Expansion ( 1945-1965 ) . Shortly after the end of World War II , Panair seized the opportunity to grow further . In 1946 , the majority of its shares - 52% - was in the hands of Brazilian nationals and thus satisfied one of the preconditions to operate abroad . The last lot of shares in the hands of Pan Am was sold in 1961 . As such the Brazilian government granted to Panair the concession to operate services to Europe , being the only Brazilian airline with such a concession . In March 1946 Panair received its first Lockheed 049 Constellation , being the first airline outside the United States to operate this aircraft . The first flight took off on April 27 , 1946 from Rio de Janeiro to Recife , Dakar , Lisbon , Paris and London . Panair was also the first international airline to land on the then newly inaugurated London Heathrow Airport . As Panair received further equipment , flights to Madrid and Rome were inaugurated . In 1947 services were extended to Cairo and Istanbul , and in 1948 to Zurich and Frankfurt . The same year , services to Montevideo and Buenos Aires began . Santiago de Chile , Lima and Beirut were added in 1950 and Hamburg and Düsseldorf in 1954 . The airline gradually set such a high standard for its customer services and for many years in Brazil the expression padrão Panair ( ) , became a synonym of excellence in aviation . In fact , the excellence was so well known at the time that years later its DC-8-33 appeared in a handful of movies , including the Italian-French co-production , ( 1962 ) , and the French productions La Peau Douce ( 1964 ) , and Lhomme de Rio ( 1964 ) . In 1953 Panair placed an order for 4 de Havilland Comet 2 with an option for further 2 Comet 3 . Panair was the second airline to place an order to such aircraft , only behind BOAC . Those orders were canceled in 1954 due to flaws on the planes original design . In 1955 the unused funds of the Comet order were used to purchase 4 Douglas DC-7C , at that time the ideal aircraft for long-haul operations . The first arrived in 1957 . In 1961 Panair purchased 4 Sud Aviation Caravelle , which entered into service in 1962 , operating on domestic trunk routes . In terms of agreements , between 1956 and 1958 Panair and Lóide Aéreo Nacional maintained an agreement to avoid harmful competition , in which the Brazilian territory was divided into areas of influence . The agreement also included leasing of aircraft . Between November 30 , 1960 and 1965 Panair operated with TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses the Voo da amizade ( ) , between São Paulo-Congonhas , Rio de Janeiro-Galeão and Lisbon , with stops in Recife and Sal , using a dedicated Douglas DC-7C aircraft bearing the names of both airlines , TAP flight numbers and crew of the two airlines . Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights , which were extremely popular due to their low fares . In 1961 , Panair started operating the Douglas DC-8-33 to Europe . However , in spite of its excellent service , Panair faced increasing competition from other foreign state-run airlines . Addressing the situation , Panair formed an operational pool with Aerolíneas Argentinas , Alitalia , and Lufthansa . In 1962 , Panair incorporated SUD SE-210 Caravelle 6-R jet aircraft for its main domestic and South American routes . Shutdown ( 1965 ) . Panair do Brasil was forced to cease operations abruptly on February 10 , 1965 , when the Brazilian military government , which seized power the year before , suspended its operational certification and allotted its international route concessions to Varig and domestic to Cruzeiro do Sul . In fact , that very night , the Douglas DC-8-33 scheduled to operate flight PB22 , departing at 10:30 PM from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Recife , Lisbon , Paris-Orly and Frankfurt was immediately replaced by a Varig Boeing 707 . There were no flight cancellations . The operation also involved the transfer of 3 of its Caravelles and 3 of its Catalinas to Cruzeiro do Sul , and 2 of its DC-8-33 to Varig . It is known today that Varig and Cruzeiro had previous knowledge of the governments decision and time to prepare . The sudden suspension of Panair shocked the country . Since its financial problems were not serious enough to justify the governments actions , the company tried to protect its assets by filing for bankruptcy protection while its lawyers debated the issue in Court . Pressured by the military , the judge that was studying the carriers plea declared Panair officially bankrupt on February 15 , 1965 . It has since been determined that the shutdown of Panair do Brasil was not based on financial or technical reasons , but on other political factors , such as the military government persecution of the companys shareholders , businessmen Celso da Rocha Miranda and Mário Wallace Simonsen . Beyond the Forced Bankruptcy ( 1965-ongoing ) . The controversial decision to liquidate Panair so suddenly triggered a lengthy legal battle . On December 14 , 1984 , the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court acknowledged that the airline had operated within regular technical and financial parameters when it was shut down and the Federal government was sentenced to pay reparations to its former owners and/or heirs . The forced bankruptcy was suspended on May 5 , 1995 , and since then Panair seeks indemnizations from the Ministry of Justice . On August 27 , 2009 , after a 44-year delay , the Air Command of the Brazilian Ministry of Defence revoked Panairs route and schedule concessions , which are mandatory for airline operations . Former employees of Panair do Brasil , their families and friends attend an annual reunion on the week of October 22 , the airlines birthday , in Rio de Janeiro . This tradition has been religiously preserved since 1966 and there is a movement to include it in the Guinness World Records . Panair do Brasil has been featured in a number of Brazilian television productions , such as Anos Rebeldes ( 1992 ) , Hilda Furacão ( 1998 ) , JK ( TV series ) ( 2006 ) and ( 2009 ) . In 2008 the documentary Panair do Brasil was released . The film , directed by Marco Altberg and screenwritten by Daniel Leb Sasaki summarises the history of the airline . In October 2012 , director Ricardo Pinto e Silva and journalist Daniel Leb Sasaki began production for a new feature documentary film called Mario Wallace Simonsen , entre a memória e a história , still unreleased . The pair interviewed former Panair employees during their 2012 reunion . On March 23 , 2013 , the Brazilian National Truth Commission , established in 2012 by the Brazilian government to investigate acts of human rights violations between 1946 and 1988 , held a public event in Rio de Janeiro to address the circumstances behind the shutdown of Panair do Brasil . The group has recently had access to unpublished documentation which would prove that the companys owners were victims of the countrys military regime . On March 11 , 2019 , Brazilian newspaper O Globo informed that Daniel Leb Sasakis book about the demise of Panair do Brasil , called Pouso forçado : a história por trás da destruição da Panair do Brasil pelo regime militar , will become a TV series directed by Mauro Lima and screenwritten by Rosana Rodini and the author himself . Accidents and incidents . Accidents . - 18 August 1941 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBD en route from Curitiba-Bacacheri to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the Cantareira mountain range near São Paulo . 8 out of 13 passengers and crew aboard died . - 28 September 1942 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBG en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to São Paulo-Congonhas crashed on the location of Pedra Branca , near Santo André . All 15 passengers and crew died . - 31 August 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBI crashed while on night approach to Congonhas-São Paulo Airport under heavy fog . All 16 occupants died . - 21 September 1944 : a Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar registration PP-PBH crashed shortly after take-off from Salvador da Bahia . All 18 occupants died . - 27 September 1946 : a Douglas DC-3-228D registration PP-PCH flying from Belo Horizonte-Pampulha to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont crashed into a mountain near the location of Alto Rio Doce near Barbacena probably due to bad weather . All 25 passengers and crew died . - 3 January 1947 : a Sikorsky S-43B Baby Clipper registration PP-PBN crashed in São Paulo de Olivença . 11 out of 14 occupants died . - 28 July 1950 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PCG operating flight 99 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Gravataí Air Force Base ( presently Canoas Air Force Base ) struck power lines and crashed on a hill after and aborted landing and while holding in bad weather near São Leopoldo . All 50 passengers and crew died . At the time of the accident the runway at São João Airport ( presently Salgado Filho ) was not yet paved , therefore the Constellations used the Air Base runway . - 28 February 1952 : a Douglas DC-3A-393 registration PP-PCN flying from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Goiânia via Uberlândia , a wing struck a tree during operations to land at Uberlândia . 8 out of the 31 occupants died . - 17 June 1953 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDA , operating flight 263 from London to Buenos Aires with multiple stops , crashed on final approach to São Paulo-Congonhas . Apparently causes are related to night operations with little visibility . All 17 passengers and crew died . - 16 June 1955 : a Lockheed L-149 Constellation registration PP-PDJ operating flight 263 from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Buenos Aires-Ezeiza via São Paulo-Congonhas and Asunción hit a 12 m tree while on final approach to land at Asunción . Part of the wing broke off , the aircraft crashed and caught fire . 16 out of 24 passengers and crew aboard died . - 18 April 1956 : a Consolidated PBY-5A/6A Catalina registration PP-PDB flying from Belém to Parintins broke in two after striking a submerged object or debris on landing procedures . 3 out of the 12 passengers and crew aboard died . - 1 November 1961 : a Douglas DC-7C registration PP-PDO en route from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão via Sal and Recife , during its final approach at Recife , struck an 84m hill 2,7 km away from the runway and broke up . The aircraft was doing a night approach too low and outside the regular traffic pattern . 45 passengers and crew out of the 88 persons aboard died . The aircraft was operating the Voo da amizade ( ) . - 20 August 1962 : a Douglas DC-8-33 registration PP-PDT taking-off from Rio de Janeiro-Galeão to Lisbon overran the runway into the ocean during an aborted operation . 14 out of 120 passengers and crew aboard died . - 14 December 1962 : a Lockheed L-049 Constellation registration PP-PDE en route from Belém-Val de Cans to Manaus-Ponta Pelada crashed in the jungle , during a night approach , due to unknown causes , approximately 45 km from Manaus at the location of Paraná da Eva . All 50 passengers and crew died . Incidents . - 25 September 1932 : a Sikorsky S-38 registration P-BDAD still bearing the titles of Nyrba do Brasil was seized in the companys hangar by three men , who took a fourth as one hostage . None were aviators but they managed to take-off . However the aircraft crashed in São João de Meriti , killing the four men . Apparently the hijack was related to the events of the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo and it is considered to be the first hijack that took place in Brazil . - 2 December 1959 : a Lockheed L-049/149 Constellation registration PP-PCR operating the flight 246 en route from Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont to Belém-Val de Cans , with 44 passengers and crew aboard , was seized and hijacked by officers of the Brazilian Air Force and made to land at Aragarças , Goiás . Their intention was to use the aircraft in a bombing of Government buildings in Rio de Janeiro , starting thus a revolt against President Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira . The revolt faded after 36 hours and the aircraft was commanded to fly to Buenos Aires where the hijackers requested asylum . There were no victims .
|
[
"Bury"
] |
easy
|
Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) played for which team from 1973 to 1975?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#0
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Doncaster Rovers"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) belong to from 1975 to 1978?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#1
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Swindon Town"
] |
easy
|
Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) played for which team from 1978 to 1981?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#2
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Blackburn Rovers"
] |
easy
|
Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) played for which team from 1981 to 1989?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#3
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Port Vale"
] |
easy
|
Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) played for which team from 1989 to 1990?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#4
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Scunthorpe United"
] |
easy
|
Ian Miller (footballer, born 1955) played for which team from 1990 to 1991?
|
/wiki/Ian_Miller_(footballer,_born_1955)#P54#5
|
Ian Miller ( footballer , born 1955 ) Ian Miller ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer who played his football in England as a winger . He made 660 league and cup appearances in the English Football League over an eighteen-year professional career , scoring 48 goals . He began his career at Bury , helping the club to win promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 . He was then at Nottingham Forest , but did not feature for the first team before transferring to Doncaster Rovers in 1975 . Voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1975–76 , 1976–77 and 1977–78 , he moved on to Swindon Town in 1978 . He switched to Blackburn Rovers in 1981 , and spent the next eight years with the club , lifting the Full Members Cup in 1987 . He then had brief spells with Port Vale and Scunthorpe United , before ending his career with non-league Stafford Rangers . He went into coaching straight after his retirement as a player , and worked behind the scenes at a wide variety of clubs in the Football League . Playing career . Bury . Miller started his career with Scottish junior club Jeanfield Swifts , before turning professional with English club Bury in 1973 . The Shakers won promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74 , with manager Bobby Smith playing Miller in fifteen league games . Nottingham Forest to Doncaster Rovers . Miller then moved on to Nottingham Forest of the Second Division , then led by Allan Brown . He failed to play a league game for Forest in 1974–75 , and instead moved on to Doncaster Rovers in a player exchange for Micky French in July 1978 , who were in the Fourth Division and managed by Stan Anderson . He provided many assists for strike duo Peter Kitchen and Brendan OCallaghan in the 1975–76 , also scoring nine goals himself , including a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newport County in November . He played a total of 139 games for Donny in league and cup competitions , scoring 15 goals , as the side posted mid-table finishes in 1976–77 and 1977–78 . He was voted onto the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth tier in all three of his seasons at Belle Vue as his accurate crosses provided a huge amount of goalscoring chances for Kitchen and OCallaghan , and later Andy Rowland and Alan Mayes . Swindon Town . He transferred to Third Division Swindon Town , in a move that reunited him with manager Bobby Smith . The Robins declined from fifth in 1978–79 to tenth in 1979–80 and then seventeenth in 1980–81 – just one point above the relegation zone . He played 159 games for Swindon in all competitions , scoring 14 goals . Blackburn Rovers . Miller then signed with Second Division Blackburn Rovers , then managed by Bobby Saxton , who authorised a £60,000 fee . He went on to become a popular player with the clubs fans . Rovers finished in the top-half of the table in 1981–82 , 1982–83 and 1983–84 , before missing out on promotion to the First Division by just one point in 1984–85 . However they then plummeted in 1985–86 , avoiding relegation by just three points . Saxton was replaced by Don Mackay halfway through the 1986–87 campaign . Rovers also won the Full Members Cup in 1987 , as they beat Charlton Athletic 1–0 in the Wembley final after Miller set up Colin Hendry for the only goal of the game . He then led them to a play-off finish in 1987–88 , though Rovers lost to Chelsea at the semi-final stage . They then reached the play-off final in 1988–89 , but lost out to Crystal Palace 4–3 over the course of two legs . Later career . Miller departed Ewood Park and joined Second Division Port Vale in June 1989 , as manager John Rudge needed cover for an injured Gary Ford . He began the 1989–90 season as a regular , but lost his place by December and was released in August 1990 , having played 24 games in all competitions , scoring once against Ipswich Town on New Years Day . He moved on to Mick Buxtons Scunthorpe United , and helped them to the Fourth Division play-offs , where they lost to Blackpool at the semi-final stage . Miller then ended his career with Stafford Rangers in the Conference . Style of play . Miller was a pacey right-winger with good dribbling and erratic crossing abilities , as well as a high defensive work rate . Coaching career . Miller remained active in the game after retiring as a player . He returned to Port Vale as the Community Programme leader in August 1991 and became the youth development officer in May 1992 . In November 1994 he left Vale Park to become the reserve team coach at Wolverhampton Wanderers . He later coached at Blackburn Rovers , Blackpool ( assisting Colin Hendry ) , Bury , Leicester City and Manchester City before joining the staff at Leeds United in 2008 . On 1 February 2012 , chairman Ken Bates sacked manager Simon Grayson , his assistant Glynn Snodin , and Miller . He followed Grayson on to Huddersfield Town the next month , and later went with him to Preston North End and Sunderland . He also joined Grayson at Blackpool in July 2019 , marking a return to Bloomfield Road after fourteen years . He left the club , along with Grayson , on 12 February 2020 . Statistics . Source : Honours . - Individual - PFA Fourth Division Team of the Year : 1975–76 , 1976–77 & 1977–78 - Bury - Football League Fourth Division promotion winner : 1973–74 - Blackburn Rovers - Full Members Cup winner : 1987
|
[
"Member of Parliament for Chatham"
] |
easy
|
Frederick Smith (British Army officer, born 1790) took which position from Jul 1852 to Mar 1853?
|
/wiki/Frederick_Smith_(British_Army_officer,_born_1790)#P39#0
|
Frederick Smith ( British Army officer , born 1790 ) Major-General Sir John Mark Frederick Smith ( 11 January 1790 – 20 November 1874 ) was a British general and colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers . He was also the Conservative Member of Parliament for Chatham from 1852 to 1853 and 1857 to 1865 . He was a Gentleman Usher and Fellow of the Royal Society . Life . He was son of Major-general Sir John Frederick Sigismund Smith , K.C.H. , of the Royal Artillery ( died 1834 ) , and grand-nephew of Field-marshal Friedrich Adolf , Count von Kalckreuth , commander-in-chief of the Prussian army . He was born at the Manor House , Paddington , Middlesex , on 11 January 1790 . After passing through the Royal Military College , then at Great Marlow , and the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich , Smith received a commission as second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 December 1805 , and in January 1806 joined his corps at Chatham . In 1807 Smith went to Sicily . He served in 1809 under Major-general Sir Alexander Bryce , the commanding Royal Engineer of the force of Sir John Stuart , at the siege and capture of the castle of Ischia and at the capture of Procida in the Bay of Naples . He also took part , in the same year , in the capture of the islands of Zante and Kephalonia under Major-General Frederick Rennell Thackeray , commanding Royal Engineer of the force of Sir John Oswald . Smith was deputy-assistant quartermaster-general and senior officer of the quartermaster-generals department under Sir Hudson Lowe in 1810 , in the battle before Santa Maura . He resigned his staff appointment in order to serve as an engineer officer in the trenches during the siege of Santa Maura under Oswald , the only engineer officer in addition to Thackeray and himself , Captain Parker having been wounded . The deficiency of engineer officers threw on Smith most of the executive work of the siege . He was mentioned in Sir John Oswalds despatches , and some years afterwards an effort was unsuccessfully made to get him a brevet majority for his services at Santa Maura . Smith was promoted to be second captain on 1 May 1811 . He served in Albania and in Sicily , and in 1812 returned to England to take up the appointment of adjutant to the corps of the Royal Sappers and Miners at their headquarters at Woolwich on 1 December . He held this appointment until 26 February 1815 . He was promoted to be first captain on 26 August 1817 , and in 1819 , on the reduction of the corps of Royal Engineers , was placed on half-pay for seven months . During the next ten years Smith was employed on various military duties in England . He was promoted to be regimental lieutenant-colonel on 16 March 1830 , and was appointed commanding royal engineer of the London district . In 1831 he was made a knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order by William IV , a Knight Bachelor on 13 September of the same year , an extra gentleman usher of the privy chamber in 1833 , and on 17 March 1834 one of the ordinary gentlemen ushers . The last post he held until his death . On 2 December 1840 he was also appointed inspector-general of railways , in which capacity he examined and reported on the London and Birmingham Railway and the other principal railways before they were opened to the public . In 1841 Smith , in conjunction with Professor Peter Barlow , made a report to the treasury respecting railway communication between London , Edinburgh , and Glasgow . Smith resigned the appointment of inspector-general of railways at the end of 1841 , and became director of the Royal Engineer establishment at Chatham on 1 January 1842 . On 5 July 1845 Smith and Professors George Airy and Barlow were constituted a commission to inquire whether future parliamentary railway bills should provide for a uniform rail gauge , and whether it would be expedient or practicable to bring railways already constructed or in course of construction into uniformity of gauge . On 30 March 1846 he was appointed one of the five commissioners to investigate and report upon the various railway projects in which it was proposed to have a terminus in the metropolis or its vicinity . On 9 November 1846 Smith was promoted to be colonel in the army , and on 1 May 1851 he was moved from Chatham to be commanding Royal Engineer of the southern district , with his headquarters at Portsmouth . In July 1852 Smith was returned to parliament as member for Chatham in the Conservative interest , but in March 1853 he was unseated on petition . He was promoted to be major-general on 20 January 1854 . In 1855 he was transferred from Portsmouth to the command of the Royal Engineers at Aldershot . He was appointed public examiner and inspector of the East India Companys Military Seminary at Addiscombe in 1856 . In March 1857 he was again returned to parliament as member for Chatham . He resigned his command at Aldershot , finding his time fully occupied with parliamentary and other duties . He was a member of the royal commission on harbours of refuge in 1858 , and of the commission on promotion and retirement in the army . He was again returned as member for Chatham at the election of April 1859 , and continued to sit for that borough until 1868 . He was promoted to be lieutenant-general on 25 October 1859 , colonel-commandant of Royal Engineers on 6 July 1860 , and general on 3 August 1863 . Smith died on 20 November 1874 at his residence , 62 Pembridge Villas , Notting Hill Gate , London , and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery . He was a Fellow of the Royal Society , an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers , and a member of many learned bodies . Works . Smith was the author of ‘The Military Course of Engineering at Arras,’ Chatham , 1850 , and he translated , with notes , Marshal Marmonts ‘Present State of the Turkish Empire,’ London , 1839 ; 2nd ed . 1854 . Family . Smith married at Buckland , near Dover , on 31 January 1813 , Harriet , daughter of Thomas Thorn , of Buckland House . There was no issue . References . - Attribution
|
[
"Member of Parliament for Chatham"
] |
easy
|
What was the position of Frederick Smith (British Army officer, born 1790) from Mar 1857 to Jul 1865?
|
/wiki/Frederick_Smith_(British_Army_officer,_born_1790)#P39#1
|
Frederick Smith ( British Army officer , born 1790 ) Major-General Sir John Mark Frederick Smith ( 11 January 1790 – 20 November 1874 ) was a British general and colonel-commandant of the Royal Engineers . He was also the Conservative Member of Parliament for Chatham from 1852 to 1853 and 1857 to 1865 . He was a Gentleman Usher and Fellow of the Royal Society . Life . He was son of Major-general Sir John Frederick Sigismund Smith , K.C.H. , of the Royal Artillery ( died 1834 ) , and grand-nephew of Field-marshal Friedrich Adolf , Count von Kalckreuth , commander-in-chief of the Prussian army . He was born at the Manor House , Paddington , Middlesex , on 11 January 1790 . After passing through the Royal Military College , then at Great Marlow , and the Royal Military Academy , Woolwich , Smith received a commission as second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 December 1805 , and in January 1806 joined his corps at Chatham . In 1807 Smith went to Sicily . He served in 1809 under Major-general Sir Alexander Bryce , the commanding Royal Engineer of the force of Sir John Stuart , at the siege and capture of the castle of Ischia and at the capture of Procida in the Bay of Naples . He also took part , in the same year , in the capture of the islands of Zante and Kephalonia under Major-General Frederick Rennell Thackeray , commanding Royal Engineer of the force of Sir John Oswald . Smith was deputy-assistant quartermaster-general and senior officer of the quartermaster-generals department under Sir Hudson Lowe in 1810 , in the battle before Santa Maura . He resigned his staff appointment in order to serve as an engineer officer in the trenches during the siege of Santa Maura under Oswald , the only engineer officer in addition to Thackeray and himself , Captain Parker having been wounded . The deficiency of engineer officers threw on Smith most of the executive work of the siege . He was mentioned in Sir John Oswalds despatches , and some years afterwards an effort was unsuccessfully made to get him a brevet majority for his services at Santa Maura . Smith was promoted to be second captain on 1 May 1811 . He served in Albania and in Sicily , and in 1812 returned to England to take up the appointment of adjutant to the corps of the Royal Sappers and Miners at their headquarters at Woolwich on 1 December . He held this appointment until 26 February 1815 . He was promoted to be first captain on 26 August 1817 , and in 1819 , on the reduction of the corps of Royal Engineers , was placed on half-pay for seven months . During the next ten years Smith was employed on various military duties in England . He was promoted to be regimental lieutenant-colonel on 16 March 1830 , and was appointed commanding royal engineer of the London district . In 1831 he was made a knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order by William IV , a Knight Bachelor on 13 September of the same year , an extra gentleman usher of the privy chamber in 1833 , and on 17 March 1834 one of the ordinary gentlemen ushers . The last post he held until his death . On 2 December 1840 he was also appointed inspector-general of railways , in which capacity he examined and reported on the London and Birmingham Railway and the other principal railways before they were opened to the public . In 1841 Smith , in conjunction with Professor Peter Barlow , made a report to the treasury respecting railway communication between London , Edinburgh , and Glasgow . Smith resigned the appointment of inspector-general of railways at the end of 1841 , and became director of the Royal Engineer establishment at Chatham on 1 January 1842 . On 5 July 1845 Smith and Professors George Airy and Barlow were constituted a commission to inquire whether future parliamentary railway bills should provide for a uniform rail gauge , and whether it would be expedient or practicable to bring railways already constructed or in course of construction into uniformity of gauge . On 30 March 1846 he was appointed one of the five commissioners to investigate and report upon the various railway projects in which it was proposed to have a terminus in the metropolis or its vicinity . On 9 November 1846 Smith was promoted to be colonel in the army , and on 1 May 1851 he was moved from Chatham to be commanding Royal Engineer of the southern district , with his headquarters at Portsmouth . In July 1852 Smith was returned to parliament as member for Chatham in the Conservative interest , but in March 1853 he was unseated on petition . He was promoted to be major-general on 20 January 1854 . In 1855 he was transferred from Portsmouth to the command of the Royal Engineers at Aldershot . He was appointed public examiner and inspector of the East India Companys Military Seminary at Addiscombe in 1856 . In March 1857 he was again returned to parliament as member for Chatham . He resigned his command at Aldershot , finding his time fully occupied with parliamentary and other duties . He was a member of the royal commission on harbours of refuge in 1858 , and of the commission on promotion and retirement in the army . He was again returned as member for Chatham at the election of April 1859 , and continued to sit for that borough until 1868 . He was promoted to be lieutenant-general on 25 October 1859 , colonel-commandant of Royal Engineers on 6 July 1860 , and general on 3 August 1863 . Smith died on 20 November 1874 at his residence , 62 Pembridge Villas , Notting Hill Gate , London , and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery . He was a Fellow of the Royal Society , an associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers , and a member of many learned bodies . Works . Smith was the author of ‘The Military Course of Engineering at Arras,’ Chatham , 1850 , and he translated , with notes , Marshal Marmonts ‘Present State of the Turkish Empire,’ London , 1839 ; 2nd ed . 1854 . Family . Smith married at Buckland , near Dover , on 31 January 1813 , Harriet , daughter of Thomas Thorn , of Buckland House . There was no issue . References . - Attribution
|
[
"Dayanara Torres"
] |
easy
|
Who was Marc Anthony 's spouse from May 2000 to Jun 2004?
|
/wiki/Marc_Anthony#P26#0
|
Marc Anthony Marco Antonio Muñiz ( born September 16 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name Marc Anthony , is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record executive , television producer and philanthropist . Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time . The three-time Grammy Award and six-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide . Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads , Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions . He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute ( CHCI ) Lifetime Achievement Award . He also received the 2009 CHCI Chairs Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16 , 2009 . He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts . He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs . Early life . Marco Antonio Muñiz was born in New York City , the son of Puerto Rican parents . His father , Felipe , was a hospital cafeteria worker and musician , and his mother , Guillermina , was a housewife . Anthonys parents named him after Mexican singer Marco Antonio Muñiz . Anthony grew up in East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , and is the youngest of eight children . He was raised Roman Catholic . His musical education began at home , where he learned to sing in both Spanish and English under the guidance of his father , Felipe , himself a professional guitarist . As a child , Anthony listened to a variety of musical genres and performers , including rock , rhythm and blues , pop stars José Feliciano ( Puerto Rico ) , Air Supply ( Australia ) , as well as salsa legends Héctor Lavoe ( Puerto Rico ) , Willie Colón ( Puerto Rico ) , and Rubén Blades ( Panama ) , among others . According to Anthony , renowned Puerto Rican percussionist and bandleader Tito Puente in particular wielded a profound personal and professional influence throughout his life . Singing career . Muñiz began his career as a session vocalist for freestyle music and underground New York house music acts . After changing his name to avoid confusion with his namesake , Anthony worked as a songwriter and backing vocalist for pop acts Menudo and the Latin Rascals . By the early 1990s , Anthony had sold more salsa records than any other performer on the planet , solidifying his position among the most important new salsa artists to emerge in the 1990s . Unlike the more socially conscious New York salsa musicians of the 1960s and 1970s , or the highly produced romantic salsa artists of the 1980s , Anthony gained fame performing a salsa style that borrowed more heavily from the African American and urban genres that he listened to growing up , such as rhythm and blues and house . His first album was a freestyle music record , Rebel , which debuted in 1988 on Bluedog Records . That same year he wrote and produced Boy Ive Been Told for fellow freestyle artist Sa-Fire . Then in 1989 , he sang backup vocals for Ann-Marie on the freestyle club hit , With or Without You produced by Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry . A year later in 1990 , with Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry , Marc wrote a duet with Chrissy I-eece , called You Should Know By Now . In 1992 , still working with Todd Terry , he provided vocals for Love Change , which is on the flip-side of a 12 vinyl released by Elan and The Powermachine titled Heres Your Hat , production of Todd Terry . At the same time , he collaborated with music producer Little Louie Vega , who featured the singer on many freestyle-flavored club hits Ride On The Rhythm and the When The Night Is Over album , which featured the freestyle classic Time . In 1992 , Vega and Anthony opened for Latin bandleader Tito Puente at New Yorks Madison Square Garden . After 1992 , he changed his style from freestyle to salsa and other Latin styles . RMM Records . Anthony was initially reluctant to become a salsa musician and declined an offer to make a salsa album when Ralph Mercado , president of RMM Records , asked him . Anthony was in a taxi when he heard Juan Gabriels hit song , Hasta Que Te Conocí , which influenced him to change his mind and ask Mercado if he could record it as a salsa tune . Inspired by the music of Tito Puente , Héctor Lavoe , Rubén Blades , and Juan Gabriel , Anthony released his Spanish-language debut , Otra Nota , in 1993 . Anthony performed at the Radio y Musica Convention hosted by Alfredo Alonso . The album also included a cover of Breads song , Make It with You . Subsequent tours throughout the Americas , including an opening slot for Blades , established Anthony as one of the new stars in salsa . In 1994 , he was featured in La Indias album Dicen Que Soy , on the song Vivir Lo Nuestro . His 1995 follow-up , Todo a su tiempo , won Anthony a Billboard award for Hot Tropical Artist of the Year . The album was also nominated for a Grammy with songs like Te Conozco Bien , Hasta Ayer , Nadie Como Ella , Se Me Sigue Olvidando , Te Amare , and Llegaste A Mi . The album has sold more than 800,000 copies and has become established as a gold record in the United States and in Puerto Rico . Anthonys next Spanish language album , Contra La Coriente , was followed by the television special Marc Anthony : The Concert from Madison Square Garden . It was broadcast on HBO on Valentines Day in 2000 . The special was nominated for the Music Special of the Year by TV Guide . The albums song Y Hubo Alguien became Anthonys first number-one single on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and the first by a salsa musician . The album became the first salsa album to enter the English language Billboard 200 chart . After an ongoing battle with RMM , he severed ties with Ralph Mercado and left the label in 1999 . Otra Nota , Todo a Su Tiempo , and Contra La Corriente established him as the top-selling singer in the history of the genre , able to sell out Madison Square Garden and prestigious venues internationally . Sony Records . Anthony subsequently recorded the duet No Me Ames with Jennifer Lopez on her album On the 6 , giving her an assist in her Spanish language crossover attempt . He also recorded a duet I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You with Tina Arena , written by James Horner for the latters soundtrack for the 1998 swashbuckling movie The Mask of Zorro . In 1999 , riding the crossover wave of Ricky Martin and Enrique Iglesias in the Anglophone market , Anthony , working with producers Walter Afanasieff , Cory Rooney , Dan Shea , and Rodney Jerkins , released an English-language , self-titled album with the US Top 5 single I Need to Know , and the Spanish version , Dímelo . His song You Sang To Me was featured in Runaway Bride . A dance version was remixed by Dutch producer Rene Van Verseveld . The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard album chart , and six weeks later went platinum ; it eventually was certified triple platinum.The song I Need To Know earned a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance . In 2001 , he debuted another salsa album , Libre , which was certified gold with songs like Celos , Este Loco Que Te Mira , and Viviendo . The album spent 14 weeks at the number-one spot on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart . The year after that , he made another English-language album , Mended . In June 2004 , Anthony released a Latin pop album , Amar Sin Mentiras . The following month , he reintroduced its songs with a danceable salsa rhythm in another album , Valio La Pena . The song Escapémonos was a duet with Jennifer Lopez . In the 2005 Latin Grammy Awards , his Amar Sin Mentiras won best Latin Pop Album of The Year , and his Valió La Pena won Best Tropical Album of the Year . Lopez and Anthony performed Escapémonos at the 2005 Grammy Awards . On July 11 , 2006 , Anthony released Sigo Siendo Yo , a Spanish greatest-hits album . In May 2010 he released Iconos , a tribute to old Latin songs by artists such as José Luis Perales , Juan Gabriel and José José . In 2012 , he released a new song called Cautivo De Este Amor . In the same year , Anthony was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame . In December 2012 , it was announced that Anthony was recording a salsa album alongside longtime producer Sergio George . Vivir Mi Vida , a Spanish adaptation of Khaleds song Cest la vie , was released as the lead single on April 25 , 2013 . In July 2013 , Anthony released 3.0 , a salsa album including his song Vivir Mi Vida . Since the release , the album has been certified Platinum . In addition to the new album , Anthony announced his Vivir Mi Vida World Tour and traveled across 15 countries on three continents . After the tour , Anthony announced a second world tour for his album 3.0 , his Cambio de Piel Tour . After his Cambio de Piel Tour , Marc Anthony kicked off UNIDO2 , his international tour with Carlos Vives . Marc Anthony is in constant demand for touring . After The Vivir Mi Vida world tour , one of PollStars top selling tours of 2013 , was extended to May 2014 by popular demand , and received a Premio Juventud for Super Tour of the Year . Gigant3S , his US and Latin American tour with Marco Antonio Solis and Chayanne , topped 2012s Billboard Hot Latin Tours charts . Anthony sang God Bless America at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Citi Field . In September 2016 , part of his tour Marc Anthony Live included 5 dates at Radio City Music Hall . Of the five shows , three were sold out . Acting career . Anthony played supporting roles in projects including 1995s Hackers , and 1996s Big Night and The Substitute . He appeared with Rubén Blades and Puerto Rican pop singer Ednita Nazario in Paul Simons 1998 stage musical , The Capeman , which ran for 68 performances . He had a role in Martin Scorseses 1999 drama Bringing Out the Dead , and in 2001 , opposite Salma Hayek , was in the film In the Time of the Butterflies . In Man On Fire ( 2004 ) , Anthony , opposite Denzel Washington , played a wealthy businessman who hires a former U.S . Special Forces Soldier to protect his daughter from kidnappers in Mexico City . In 2007 , Anthony starred in El Cantante , a biographical drama about the life of salsa music legend Héctor Lavoe , who died in 1993 from AIDS complications . Anthonys then-wife , Jennifer Lopez , narrated the story and portrayed Lavoes wife . The film , released in August 2007 , received strong reviews . In 2010 , Anthony guest-starred in two episodes of the TNT medical drama HawthoRNe as a detective and the title characters ( Jada Pinkett Smith ) love interest . He was later named the executive music producer of the show . Anthony worked with ex-wife Lopez and director-choreographer Jamie King in late 2011 on a Latin talent series created by Simon Fuller , called QViva ! The Chosen . It follows Lopez and Anthony as they travel across 21 countries to find new talent . In 2012 , Anthony guest-mentored on Season 2 of The X Factor . Awards and honors . Marc Anthony has sold over 12 million albums worldwide , receiving numerous gold and platinum certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) along the way . He has been recognized by New York magazine as one of the Ten Most Influential New Yorkers , was inaugurated into the Billboard Hall of Fame in 2012 , and was given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute in Washington D.C . in September 2009 . He has won a total of 29 Premio Lo Nuestro Latin Music awards , the most for any male artist , and has been honored with the ASCAP Founders Award . Hes received twelve Billboard Latin Music Awards , three Billboard Awards , and a special recognition from the Univisión television network in the last 2 years . He received his first Grammy in 1998 for Best Latin Tropical Performance for Contra La Corriente , directed , arranged and produced by Ángel Cucco Peña , followed by the first-ever Latin Grammy Song of the Year award for Dímelo ( I Need to Know ) in 2000 . With momentum from that hit single , Marc Anthony , his eponymous English-language album debut , went triple-platinum in the US , and helped usher in the Latin pop explosion of 1999–2000 . In 2005 he received double best-album Grammys : Best Latin Pop Album for Amar Sin Mentiras , and Best Salsa Album for Valió la Pena . Marc Anthony has had 25 Billboard chart hits – most recently , Vivir Mi Vida and Flor Pálida , which have received more than over 680 million views and 270 million YouTube views respectively . In May 2015 he received his second Vevo PL certification for 100 million views of his video A Quien Quiero Mentirle . In 2013 , Vivir Mi Vida , the first single from 3.0 , spent 18 consecutive weeks at No . 1 on Billboard , making it the longest-running #1 single of all time . It received the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year . Anthony was honored as the Person of the Year by the Latin Recording Academy on November 16 , 2016 , for his musical contributions and philanthropic work . Other ventures . Philanthropy . Marc Anthony and entrepreneur Henry Cárdenas launched the Maestro Cares Foundation in January 2012 . In 2014 , the foundation opened an orphanage in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In 2015 , the foundation opened a youth home and school in Barranquilla , Colombia . In 2017 , Anthony teamed-up with his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez to host One Voice : Somos Live! , a telethon supporting efforts to aid Puerto Ricos recovery in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria . Entrepreneurship . Anthony became a minority owner of the Miami Dolphins in 2009 . In 2011 , he returned to television on the TNT series Hawthorne , toured the U.S. , and launched his line of clothes and luxury accessories for Kohls . Together with Jamie King and Jennifer Lopez , he produced the 2012 TV series ¡Q Viva ! The Chosen , which aired simultaneously on Spanish and English television in the US and Latin America . In April 2015 , Anthony announced the formation of the entertainment company Magnus Media . More recently , his production company signed a first-look deal with ViacomCBS International Studios . Personal life . Anthony is a supporter of the Democratic Party , and performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2012 Democratic National Convention . In 2016 , he and his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez co-hosted a concert in support of Hillary Clintons presidential campaign . Anthony is a practicing Roman Catholic . Anthony performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game . While Anthony is an American of Puerto Rican descent , a controversy sprang up on social media due to some viewers mistaken impression that he is a Mexican . In an interview , Anthony responded , Lets get this straight . I was born and raised in New York . You cant get more New York than me . Relationships and family . In 1994 , Anthony had a daughter , Arianna Muñiz , with then girlfriend Debbie Rosado . While dating they adopted their son , Chase Muñiz . From 1996 to 1998 , Anthony dated and became engaged to Dominican-American actress Claudette Lali . Anthony married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9 , 2000 , in Las Vegas . They have two sons , Cristian Marcus Muñiz ( born February 5 , 2001 ) who Anthony named after the Mexican singer Cristian Castro , and Ryan Adrian Muñiz ( born August 16 , 2003 ) . There were many problems in the marriage , and the couple separated in early 2002 . They later reconciled and renewed their vows in a formal ceremony on December 7 , 2002 , at San Juans Cathedral in Puerto Rico . The rocky marriage came to an end in October 2003 with Dayanara filing for divorce in January 2004 . To help her recover from the divorce , Dayanara traded her engagement ring for a diamond-encrusted Cartier watch and wrote the book Married to Me : How Committing to Myself Led to Triumph After Divorce . Anthony married Jennifer Lopez in June 2004 . Lopez gave birth to their children , twins Emme Maribel Muñiz and Maximilian David Muñiz , on February 22 , 2008 . People paid $6 million for the first photos of the twins . In 2009 , Anthony and Lopez purchased a stake in the Miami Dolphins . They joined several personalities in buying small stakes in the club , including Gloria and Emilio Estefan , Venus and Serena Williams , and Fergie . They bought two houses in Brookville , New York but Anthony and Lopez announced their separation in July 2011 , with Anthony filing for divorce on April 9 , 2012 . Their divorce was finalized on June 16 , 2014 , with Lopez retaining primary physical custody of the two children . Anthony and model Shannon De Lima ( born January 6 , 1989 ) married on November 11 , 2014 , in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In November 2016 , Anthony and De Lima separated , and the following month announced they plan to divorce . On February 13 , 2017 , Anthony and De Lima finalized their divorce . Discography . - When the Night is Over ( with Little Louie Vega ) ( 1991 ) - Otra Nota ( 1993 ) - Todo a Su Tiempo ( 1995 ) - Contra la Corriente ( 1997 ) - Marc Anthony ( 1999 ) - Libre ( 2001 ) - Mended ( 2002 ) - Amar Sin Mentiras ( 2004 ) - Valió la Pena ( 2004 ) - El Cantante ( 2007 ) - Iconos ( 2010 ) - 3.0 ( 2013 ) - Opus ( 2019 ) Tours . Juntos en concierto ( Together in Concert ) series : - Juntos en concierto 2005 with Chayanne and Alejandro Fernández - Juntos en concierto 2006 with Laura Pausini And Marco Antonio Solís - Juntos en concierto 2007 with Jennifer Lopez Filmography . Television . - 2000 : ( TV series ) as Mario ( voice ) in Robinita Hood ( Season 3 , Episode 12 ) - 2010–2011 : HawthoRNe ( TV series ) as Officer Nick Renata in season 3 , recurring in season 2 - 2012 : The X Factor , as a guest judge in Season 2 , Episode 9
|
[
"Jennifer Lopez"
] |
easy
|
Who was Marc Anthony 's spouse from Jun 2004 to Jun 2014?
|
/wiki/Marc_Anthony#P26#1
|
Marc Anthony Marco Antonio Muñiz ( born September 16 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name Marc Anthony , is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record executive , television producer and philanthropist . Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time . The three-time Grammy Award and six-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide . Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads , Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions . He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute ( CHCI ) Lifetime Achievement Award . He also received the 2009 CHCI Chairs Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16 , 2009 . He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts . He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs . Early life . Marco Antonio Muñiz was born in New York City , the son of Puerto Rican parents . His father , Felipe , was a hospital cafeteria worker and musician , and his mother , Guillermina , was a housewife . Anthonys parents named him after Mexican singer Marco Antonio Muñiz . Anthony grew up in East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , and is the youngest of eight children . He was raised Roman Catholic . His musical education began at home , where he learned to sing in both Spanish and English under the guidance of his father , Felipe , himself a professional guitarist . As a child , Anthony listened to a variety of musical genres and performers , including rock , rhythm and blues , pop stars José Feliciano ( Puerto Rico ) , Air Supply ( Australia ) , as well as salsa legends Héctor Lavoe ( Puerto Rico ) , Willie Colón ( Puerto Rico ) , and Rubén Blades ( Panama ) , among others . According to Anthony , renowned Puerto Rican percussionist and bandleader Tito Puente in particular wielded a profound personal and professional influence throughout his life . Singing career . Muñiz began his career as a session vocalist for freestyle music and underground New York house music acts . After changing his name to avoid confusion with his namesake , Anthony worked as a songwriter and backing vocalist for pop acts Menudo and the Latin Rascals . By the early 1990s , Anthony had sold more salsa records than any other performer on the planet , solidifying his position among the most important new salsa artists to emerge in the 1990s . Unlike the more socially conscious New York salsa musicians of the 1960s and 1970s , or the highly produced romantic salsa artists of the 1980s , Anthony gained fame performing a salsa style that borrowed more heavily from the African American and urban genres that he listened to growing up , such as rhythm and blues and house . His first album was a freestyle music record , Rebel , which debuted in 1988 on Bluedog Records . That same year he wrote and produced Boy Ive Been Told for fellow freestyle artist Sa-Fire . Then in 1989 , he sang backup vocals for Ann-Marie on the freestyle club hit , With or Without You produced by Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry . A year later in 1990 , with Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry , Marc wrote a duet with Chrissy I-eece , called You Should Know By Now . In 1992 , still working with Todd Terry , he provided vocals for Love Change , which is on the flip-side of a 12 vinyl released by Elan and The Powermachine titled Heres Your Hat , production of Todd Terry . At the same time , he collaborated with music producer Little Louie Vega , who featured the singer on many freestyle-flavored club hits Ride On The Rhythm and the When The Night Is Over album , which featured the freestyle classic Time . In 1992 , Vega and Anthony opened for Latin bandleader Tito Puente at New Yorks Madison Square Garden . After 1992 , he changed his style from freestyle to salsa and other Latin styles . RMM Records . Anthony was initially reluctant to become a salsa musician and declined an offer to make a salsa album when Ralph Mercado , president of RMM Records , asked him . Anthony was in a taxi when he heard Juan Gabriels hit song , Hasta Que Te Conocí , which influenced him to change his mind and ask Mercado if he could record it as a salsa tune . Inspired by the music of Tito Puente , Héctor Lavoe , Rubén Blades , and Juan Gabriel , Anthony released his Spanish-language debut , Otra Nota , in 1993 . Anthony performed at the Radio y Musica Convention hosted by Alfredo Alonso . The album also included a cover of Breads song , Make It with You . Subsequent tours throughout the Americas , including an opening slot for Blades , established Anthony as one of the new stars in salsa . In 1994 , he was featured in La Indias album Dicen Que Soy , on the song Vivir Lo Nuestro . His 1995 follow-up , Todo a su tiempo , won Anthony a Billboard award for Hot Tropical Artist of the Year . The album was also nominated for a Grammy with songs like Te Conozco Bien , Hasta Ayer , Nadie Como Ella , Se Me Sigue Olvidando , Te Amare , and Llegaste A Mi . The album has sold more than 800,000 copies and has become established as a gold record in the United States and in Puerto Rico . Anthonys next Spanish language album , Contra La Coriente , was followed by the television special Marc Anthony : The Concert from Madison Square Garden . It was broadcast on HBO on Valentines Day in 2000 . The special was nominated for the Music Special of the Year by TV Guide . The albums song Y Hubo Alguien became Anthonys first number-one single on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and the first by a salsa musician . The album became the first salsa album to enter the English language Billboard 200 chart . After an ongoing battle with RMM , he severed ties with Ralph Mercado and left the label in 1999 . Otra Nota , Todo a Su Tiempo , and Contra La Corriente established him as the top-selling singer in the history of the genre , able to sell out Madison Square Garden and prestigious venues internationally . Sony Records . Anthony subsequently recorded the duet No Me Ames with Jennifer Lopez on her album On the 6 , giving her an assist in her Spanish language crossover attempt . He also recorded a duet I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You with Tina Arena , written by James Horner for the latters soundtrack for the 1998 swashbuckling movie The Mask of Zorro . In 1999 , riding the crossover wave of Ricky Martin and Enrique Iglesias in the Anglophone market , Anthony , working with producers Walter Afanasieff , Cory Rooney , Dan Shea , and Rodney Jerkins , released an English-language , self-titled album with the US Top 5 single I Need to Know , and the Spanish version , Dímelo . His song You Sang To Me was featured in Runaway Bride . A dance version was remixed by Dutch producer Rene Van Verseveld . The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard album chart , and six weeks later went platinum ; it eventually was certified triple platinum.The song I Need To Know earned a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance . In 2001 , he debuted another salsa album , Libre , which was certified gold with songs like Celos , Este Loco Que Te Mira , and Viviendo . The album spent 14 weeks at the number-one spot on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart . The year after that , he made another English-language album , Mended . In June 2004 , Anthony released a Latin pop album , Amar Sin Mentiras . The following month , he reintroduced its songs with a danceable salsa rhythm in another album , Valio La Pena . The song Escapémonos was a duet with Jennifer Lopez . In the 2005 Latin Grammy Awards , his Amar Sin Mentiras won best Latin Pop Album of The Year , and his Valió La Pena won Best Tropical Album of the Year . Lopez and Anthony performed Escapémonos at the 2005 Grammy Awards . On July 11 , 2006 , Anthony released Sigo Siendo Yo , a Spanish greatest-hits album . In May 2010 he released Iconos , a tribute to old Latin songs by artists such as José Luis Perales , Juan Gabriel and José José . In 2012 , he released a new song called Cautivo De Este Amor . In the same year , Anthony was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame . In December 2012 , it was announced that Anthony was recording a salsa album alongside longtime producer Sergio George . Vivir Mi Vida , a Spanish adaptation of Khaleds song Cest la vie , was released as the lead single on April 25 , 2013 . In July 2013 , Anthony released 3.0 , a salsa album including his song Vivir Mi Vida . Since the release , the album has been certified Platinum . In addition to the new album , Anthony announced his Vivir Mi Vida World Tour and traveled across 15 countries on three continents . After the tour , Anthony announced a second world tour for his album 3.0 , his Cambio de Piel Tour . After his Cambio de Piel Tour , Marc Anthony kicked off UNIDO2 , his international tour with Carlos Vives . Marc Anthony is in constant demand for touring . After The Vivir Mi Vida world tour , one of PollStars top selling tours of 2013 , was extended to May 2014 by popular demand , and received a Premio Juventud for Super Tour of the Year . Gigant3S , his US and Latin American tour with Marco Antonio Solis and Chayanne , topped 2012s Billboard Hot Latin Tours charts . Anthony sang God Bless America at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Citi Field . In September 2016 , part of his tour Marc Anthony Live included 5 dates at Radio City Music Hall . Of the five shows , three were sold out . Acting career . Anthony played supporting roles in projects including 1995s Hackers , and 1996s Big Night and The Substitute . He appeared with Rubén Blades and Puerto Rican pop singer Ednita Nazario in Paul Simons 1998 stage musical , The Capeman , which ran for 68 performances . He had a role in Martin Scorseses 1999 drama Bringing Out the Dead , and in 2001 , opposite Salma Hayek , was in the film In the Time of the Butterflies . In Man On Fire ( 2004 ) , Anthony , opposite Denzel Washington , played a wealthy businessman who hires a former U.S . Special Forces Soldier to protect his daughter from kidnappers in Mexico City . In 2007 , Anthony starred in El Cantante , a biographical drama about the life of salsa music legend Héctor Lavoe , who died in 1993 from AIDS complications . Anthonys then-wife , Jennifer Lopez , narrated the story and portrayed Lavoes wife . The film , released in August 2007 , received strong reviews . In 2010 , Anthony guest-starred in two episodes of the TNT medical drama HawthoRNe as a detective and the title characters ( Jada Pinkett Smith ) love interest . He was later named the executive music producer of the show . Anthony worked with ex-wife Lopez and director-choreographer Jamie King in late 2011 on a Latin talent series created by Simon Fuller , called QViva ! The Chosen . It follows Lopez and Anthony as they travel across 21 countries to find new talent . In 2012 , Anthony guest-mentored on Season 2 of The X Factor . Awards and honors . Marc Anthony has sold over 12 million albums worldwide , receiving numerous gold and platinum certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) along the way . He has been recognized by New York magazine as one of the Ten Most Influential New Yorkers , was inaugurated into the Billboard Hall of Fame in 2012 , and was given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute in Washington D.C . in September 2009 . He has won a total of 29 Premio Lo Nuestro Latin Music awards , the most for any male artist , and has been honored with the ASCAP Founders Award . Hes received twelve Billboard Latin Music Awards , three Billboard Awards , and a special recognition from the Univisión television network in the last 2 years . He received his first Grammy in 1998 for Best Latin Tropical Performance for Contra La Corriente , directed , arranged and produced by Ángel Cucco Peña , followed by the first-ever Latin Grammy Song of the Year award for Dímelo ( I Need to Know ) in 2000 . With momentum from that hit single , Marc Anthony , his eponymous English-language album debut , went triple-platinum in the US , and helped usher in the Latin pop explosion of 1999–2000 . In 2005 he received double best-album Grammys : Best Latin Pop Album for Amar Sin Mentiras , and Best Salsa Album for Valió la Pena . Marc Anthony has had 25 Billboard chart hits – most recently , Vivir Mi Vida and Flor Pálida , which have received more than over 680 million views and 270 million YouTube views respectively . In May 2015 he received his second Vevo PL certification for 100 million views of his video A Quien Quiero Mentirle . In 2013 , Vivir Mi Vida , the first single from 3.0 , spent 18 consecutive weeks at No . 1 on Billboard , making it the longest-running #1 single of all time . It received the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year . Anthony was honored as the Person of the Year by the Latin Recording Academy on November 16 , 2016 , for his musical contributions and philanthropic work . Other ventures . Philanthropy . Marc Anthony and entrepreneur Henry Cárdenas launched the Maestro Cares Foundation in January 2012 . In 2014 , the foundation opened an orphanage in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In 2015 , the foundation opened a youth home and school in Barranquilla , Colombia . In 2017 , Anthony teamed-up with his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez to host One Voice : Somos Live! , a telethon supporting efforts to aid Puerto Ricos recovery in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria . Entrepreneurship . Anthony became a minority owner of the Miami Dolphins in 2009 . In 2011 , he returned to television on the TNT series Hawthorne , toured the U.S. , and launched his line of clothes and luxury accessories for Kohls . Together with Jamie King and Jennifer Lopez , he produced the 2012 TV series ¡Q Viva ! The Chosen , which aired simultaneously on Spanish and English television in the US and Latin America . In April 2015 , Anthony announced the formation of the entertainment company Magnus Media . More recently , his production company signed a first-look deal with ViacomCBS International Studios . Personal life . Anthony is a supporter of the Democratic Party , and performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2012 Democratic National Convention . In 2016 , he and his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez co-hosted a concert in support of Hillary Clintons presidential campaign . Anthony is a practicing Roman Catholic . Anthony performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game . While Anthony is an American of Puerto Rican descent , a controversy sprang up on social media due to some viewers mistaken impression that he is a Mexican . In an interview , Anthony responded , Lets get this straight . I was born and raised in New York . You cant get more New York than me . Relationships and family . In 1994 , Anthony had a daughter , Arianna Muñiz , with then girlfriend Debbie Rosado . While dating they adopted their son , Chase Muñiz . From 1996 to 1998 , Anthony dated and became engaged to Dominican-American actress Claudette Lali . Anthony married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9 , 2000 , in Las Vegas . They have two sons , Cristian Marcus Muñiz ( born February 5 , 2001 ) who Anthony named after the Mexican singer Cristian Castro , and Ryan Adrian Muñiz ( born August 16 , 2003 ) . There were many problems in the marriage , and the couple separated in early 2002 . They later reconciled and renewed their vows in a formal ceremony on December 7 , 2002 , at San Juans Cathedral in Puerto Rico . The rocky marriage came to an end in October 2003 with Dayanara filing for divorce in January 2004 . To help her recover from the divorce , Dayanara traded her engagement ring for a diamond-encrusted Cartier watch and wrote the book Married to Me : How Committing to Myself Led to Triumph After Divorce . Anthony married Jennifer Lopez in June 2004 . Lopez gave birth to their children , twins Emme Maribel Muñiz and Maximilian David Muñiz , on February 22 , 2008 . People paid $6 million for the first photos of the twins . In 2009 , Anthony and Lopez purchased a stake in the Miami Dolphins . They joined several personalities in buying small stakes in the club , including Gloria and Emilio Estefan , Venus and Serena Williams , and Fergie . They bought two houses in Brookville , New York but Anthony and Lopez announced their separation in July 2011 , with Anthony filing for divorce on April 9 , 2012 . Their divorce was finalized on June 16 , 2014 , with Lopez retaining primary physical custody of the two children . Anthony and model Shannon De Lima ( born January 6 , 1989 ) married on November 11 , 2014 , in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In November 2016 , Anthony and De Lima separated , and the following month announced they plan to divorce . On February 13 , 2017 , Anthony and De Lima finalized their divorce . Discography . - When the Night is Over ( with Little Louie Vega ) ( 1991 ) - Otra Nota ( 1993 ) - Todo a Su Tiempo ( 1995 ) - Contra la Corriente ( 1997 ) - Marc Anthony ( 1999 ) - Libre ( 2001 ) - Mended ( 2002 ) - Amar Sin Mentiras ( 2004 ) - Valió la Pena ( 2004 ) - El Cantante ( 2007 ) - Iconos ( 2010 ) - 3.0 ( 2013 ) - Opus ( 2019 ) Tours . Juntos en concierto ( Together in Concert ) series : - Juntos en concierto 2005 with Chayanne and Alejandro Fernández - Juntos en concierto 2006 with Laura Pausini And Marco Antonio Solís - Juntos en concierto 2007 with Jennifer Lopez Filmography . Television . - 2000 : ( TV series ) as Mario ( voice ) in Robinita Hood ( Season 3 , Episode 12 ) - 2010–2011 : HawthoRNe ( TV series ) as Officer Nick Renata in season 3 , recurring in season 2 - 2012 : The X Factor , as a guest judge in Season 2 , Episode 9
|
[
"Shannon De Lima"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Marc Anthony from Nov 2014 to Feb 2017?
|
/wiki/Marc_Anthony#P26#2
|
Marc Anthony Marco Antonio Muñiz ( born September 16 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name Marc Anthony , is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record executive , television producer and philanthropist . Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time . The three-time Grammy Award and six-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide . Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads , Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions . He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute ( CHCI ) Lifetime Achievement Award . He also received the 2009 CHCI Chairs Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16 , 2009 . He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts . He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs . Early life . Marco Antonio Muñiz was born in New York City , the son of Puerto Rican parents . His father , Felipe , was a hospital cafeteria worker and musician , and his mother , Guillermina , was a housewife . Anthonys parents named him after Mexican singer Marco Antonio Muñiz . Anthony grew up in East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , and is the youngest of eight children . He was raised Roman Catholic . His musical education began at home , where he learned to sing in both Spanish and English under the guidance of his father , Felipe , himself a professional guitarist . As a child , Anthony listened to a variety of musical genres and performers , including rock , rhythm and blues , pop stars José Feliciano ( Puerto Rico ) , Air Supply ( Australia ) , as well as salsa legends Héctor Lavoe ( Puerto Rico ) , Willie Colón ( Puerto Rico ) , and Rubén Blades ( Panama ) , among others . According to Anthony , renowned Puerto Rican percussionist and bandleader Tito Puente in particular wielded a profound personal and professional influence throughout his life . Singing career . Muñiz began his career as a session vocalist for freestyle music and underground New York house music acts . After changing his name to avoid confusion with his namesake , Anthony worked as a songwriter and backing vocalist for pop acts Menudo and the Latin Rascals . By the early 1990s , Anthony had sold more salsa records than any other performer on the planet , solidifying his position among the most important new salsa artists to emerge in the 1990s . Unlike the more socially conscious New York salsa musicians of the 1960s and 1970s , or the highly produced romantic salsa artists of the 1980s , Anthony gained fame performing a salsa style that borrowed more heavily from the African American and urban genres that he listened to growing up , such as rhythm and blues and house . His first album was a freestyle music record , Rebel , which debuted in 1988 on Bluedog Records . That same year he wrote and produced Boy Ive Been Told for fellow freestyle artist Sa-Fire . Then in 1989 , he sang backup vocals for Ann-Marie on the freestyle club hit , With or Without You produced by Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry . A year later in 1990 , with Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry , Marc wrote a duet with Chrissy I-eece , called You Should Know By Now . In 1992 , still working with Todd Terry , he provided vocals for Love Change , which is on the flip-side of a 12 vinyl released by Elan and The Powermachine titled Heres Your Hat , production of Todd Terry . At the same time , he collaborated with music producer Little Louie Vega , who featured the singer on many freestyle-flavored club hits Ride On The Rhythm and the When The Night Is Over album , which featured the freestyle classic Time . In 1992 , Vega and Anthony opened for Latin bandleader Tito Puente at New Yorks Madison Square Garden . After 1992 , he changed his style from freestyle to salsa and other Latin styles . RMM Records . Anthony was initially reluctant to become a salsa musician and declined an offer to make a salsa album when Ralph Mercado , president of RMM Records , asked him . Anthony was in a taxi when he heard Juan Gabriels hit song , Hasta Que Te Conocí , which influenced him to change his mind and ask Mercado if he could record it as a salsa tune . Inspired by the music of Tito Puente , Héctor Lavoe , Rubén Blades , and Juan Gabriel , Anthony released his Spanish-language debut , Otra Nota , in 1993 . Anthony performed at the Radio y Musica Convention hosted by Alfredo Alonso . The album also included a cover of Breads song , Make It with You . Subsequent tours throughout the Americas , including an opening slot for Blades , established Anthony as one of the new stars in salsa . In 1994 , he was featured in La Indias album Dicen Que Soy , on the song Vivir Lo Nuestro . His 1995 follow-up , Todo a su tiempo , won Anthony a Billboard award for Hot Tropical Artist of the Year . The album was also nominated for a Grammy with songs like Te Conozco Bien , Hasta Ayer , Nadie Como Ella , Se Me Sigue Olvidando , Te Amare , and Llegaste A Mi . The album has sold more than 800,000 copies and has become established as a gold record in the United States and in Puerto Rico . Anthonys next Spanish language album , Contra La Coriente , was followed by the television special Marc Anthony : The Concert from Madison Square Garden . It was broadcast on HBO on Valentines Day in 2000 . The special was nominated for the Music Special of the Year by TV Guide . The albums song Y Hubo Alguien became Anthonys first number-one single on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and the first by a salsa musician . The album became the first salsa album to enter the English language Billboard 200 chart . After an ongoing battle with RMM , he severed ties with Ralph Mercado and left the label in 1999 . Otra Nota , Todo a Su Tiempo , and Contra La Corriente established him as the top-selling singer in the history of the genre , able to sell out Madison Square Garden and prestigious venues internationally . Sony Records . Anthony subsequently recorded the duet No Me Ames with Jennifer Lopez on her album On the 6 , giving her an assist in her Spanish language crossover attempt . He also recorded a duet I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You with Tina Arena , written by James Horner for the latters soundtrack for the 1998 swashbuckling movie The Mask of Zorro . In 1999 , riding the crossover wave of Ricky Martin and Enrique Iglesias in the Anglophone market , Anthony , working with producers Walter Afanasieff , Cory Rooney , Dan Shea , and Rodney Jerkins , released an English-language , self-titled album with the US Top 5 single I Need to Know , and the Spanish version , Dímelo . His song You Sang To Me was featured in Runaway Bride . A dance version was remixed by Dutch producer Rene Van Verseveld . The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard album chart , and six weeks later went platinum ; it eventually was certified triple platinum.The song I Need To Know earned a Grammy nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance . In 2001 , he debuted another salsa album , Libre , which was certified gold with songs like Celos , Este Loco Que Te Mira , and Viviendo . The album spent 14 weeks at the number-one spot on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart . The year after that , he made another English-language album , Mended . In June 2004 , Anthony released a Latin pop album , Amar Sin Mentiras . The following month , he reintroduced its songs with a danceable salsa rhythm in another album , Valio La Pena . The song Escapémonos was a duet with Jennifer Lopez . In the 2005 Latin Grammy Awards , his Amar Sin Mentiras won best Latin Pop Album of The Year , and his Valió La Pena won Best Tropical Album of the Year . Lopez and Anthony performed Escapémonos at the 2005 Grammy Awards . On July 11 , 2006 , Anthony released Sigo Siendo Yo , a Spanish greatest-hits album . In May 2010 he released Iconos , a tribute to old Latin songs by artists such as José Luis Perales , Juan Gabriel and José José . In 2012 , he released a new song called Cautivo De Este Amor . In the same year , Anthony was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame . In December 2012 , it was announced that Anthony was recording a salsa album alongside longtime producer Sergio George . Vivir Mi Vida , a Spanish adaptation of Khaleds song Cest la vie , was released as the lead single on April 25 , 2013 . In July 2013 , Anthony released 3.0 , a salsa album including his song Vivir Mi Vida . Since the release , the album has been certified Platinum . In addition to the new album , Anthony announced his Vivir Mi Vida World Tour and traveled across 15 countries on three continents . After the tour , Anthony announced a second world tour for his album 3.0 , his Cambio de Piel Tour . After his Cambio de Piel Tour , Marc Anthony kicked off UNIDO2 , his international tour with Carlos Vives . Marc Anthony is in constant demand for touring . After The Vivir Mi Vida world tour , one of PollStars top selling tours of 2013 , was extended to May 2014 by popular demand , and received a Premio Juventud for Super Tour of the Year . Gigant3S , his US and Latin American tour with Marco Antonio Solis and Chayanne , topped 2012s Billboard Hot Latin Tours charts . Anthony sang God Bless America at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Citi Field . In September 2016 , part of his tour Marc Anthony Live included 5 dates at Radio City Music Hall . Of the five shows , three were sold out . Acting career . Anthony played supporting roles in projects including 1995s Hackers , and 1996s Big Night and The Substitute . He appeared with Rubén Blades and Puerto Rican pop singer Ednita Nazario in Paul Simons 1998 stage musical , The Capeman , which ran for 68 performances . He had a role in Martin Scorseses 1999 drama Bringing Out the Dead , and in 2001 , opposite Salma Hayek , was in the film In the Time of the Butterflies . In Man On Fire ( 2004 ) , Anthony , opposite Denzel Washington , played a wealthy businessman who hires a former U.S . Special Forces Soldier to protect his daughter from kidnappers in Mexico City . In 2007 , Anthony starred in El Cantante , a biographical drama about the life of salsa music legend Héctor Lavoe , who died in 1993 from AIDS complications . Anthonys then-wife , Jennifer Lopez , narrated the story and portrayed Lavoes wife . The film , released in August 2007 , received strong reviews . In 2010 , Anthony guest-starred in two episodes of the TNT medical drama HawthoRNe as a detective and the title characters ( Jada Pinkett Smith ) love interest . He was later named the executive music producer of the show . Anthony worked with ex-wife Lopez and director-choreographer Jamie King in late 2011 on a Latin talent series created by Simon Fuller , called QViva ! The Chosen . It follows Lopez and Anthony as they travel across 21 countries to find new talent . In 2012 , Anthony guest-mentored on Season 2 of The X Factor . Awards and honors . Marc Anthony has sold over 12 million albums worldwide , receiving numerous gold and platinum certifications from the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) along the way . He has been recognized by New York magazine as one of the Ten Most Influential New Yorkers , was inaugurated into the Billboard Hall of Fame in 2012 , and was given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute in Washington D.C . in September 2009 . He has won a total of 29 Premio Lo Nuestro Latin Music awards , the most for any male artist , and has been honored with the ASCAP Founders Award . Hes received twelve Billboard Latin Music Awards , three Billboard Awards , and a special recognition from the Univisión television network in the last 2 years . He received his first Grammy in 1998 for Best Latin Tropical Performance for Contra La Corriente , directed , arranged and produced by Ángel Cucco Peña , followed by the first-ever Latin Grammy Song of the Year award for Dímelo ( I Need to Know ) in 2000 . With momentum from that hit single , Marc Anthony , his eponymous English-language album debut , went triple-platinum in the US , and helped usher in the Latin pop explosion of 1999–2000 . In 2005 he received double best-album Grammys : Best Latin Pop Album for Amar Sin Mentiras , and Best Salsa Album for Valió la Pena . Marc Anthony has had 25 Billboard chart hits – most recently , Vivir Mi Vida and Flor Pálida , which have received more than over 680 million views and 270 million YouTube views respectively . In May 2015 he received his second Vevo PL certification for 100 million views of his video A Quien Quiero Mentirle . In 2013 , Vivir Mi Vida , the first single from 3.0 , spent 18 consecutive weeks at No . 1 on Billboard , making it the longest-running #1 single of all time . It received the Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year . Anthony was honored as the Person of the Year by the Latin Recording Academy on November 16 , 2016 , for his musical contributions and philanthropic work . Other ventures . Philanthropy . Marc Anthony and entrepreneur Henry Cárdenas launched the Maestro Cares Foundation in January 2012 . In 2014 , the foundation opened an orphanage in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In 2015 , the foundation opened a youth home and school in Barranquilla , Colombia . In 2017 , Anthony teamed-up with his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez and Alex Rodriguez to host One Voice : Somos Live! , a telethon supporting efforts to aid Puerto Ricos recovery in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria . Entrepreneurship . Anthony became a minority owner of the Miami Dolphins in 2009 . In 2011 , he returned to television on the TNT series Hawthorne , toured the U.S. , and launched his line of clothes and luxury accessories for Kohls . Together with Jamie King and Jennifer Lopez , he produced the 2012 TV series ¡Q Viva ! The Chosen , which aired simultaneously on Spanish and English television in the US and Latin America . In April 2015 , Anthony announced the formation of the entertainment company Magnus Media . More recently , his production company signed a first-look deal with ViacomCBS International Studios . Personal life . Anthony is a supporter of the Democratic Party , and performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2012 Democratic National Convention . In 2016 , he and his ex-wife Jennifer Lopez co-hosted a concert in support of Hillary Clintons presidential campaign . Anthony is a practicing Roman Catholic . Anthony performed The Star-Spangled Banner at the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game . While Anthony is an American of Puerto Rican descent , a controversy sprang up on social media due to some viewers mistaken impression that he is a Mexican . In an interview , Anthony responded , Lets get this straight . I was born and raised in New York . You cant get more New York than me . Relationships and family . In 1994 , Anthony had a daughter , Arianna Muñiz , with then girlfriend Debbie Rosado . While dating they adopted their son , Chase Muñiz . From 1996 to 1998 , Anthony dated and became engaged to Dominican-American actress Claudette Lali . Anthony married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9 , 2000 , in Las Vegas . They have two sons , Cristian Marcus Muñiz ( born February 5 , 2001 ) who Anthony named after the Mexican singer Cristian Castro , and Ryan Adrian Muñiz ( born August 16 , 2003 ) . There were many problems in the marriage , and the couple separated in early 2002 . They later reconciled and renewed their vows in a formal ceremony on December 7 , 2002 , at San Juans Cathedral in Puerto Rico . The rocky marriage came to an end in October 2003 with Dayanara filing for divorce in January 2004 . To help her recover from the divorce , Dayanara traded her engagement ring for a diamond-encrusted Cartier watch and wrote the book Married to Me : How Committing to Myself Led to Triumph After Divorce . Anthony married Jennifer Lopez in June 2004 . Lopez gave birth to their children , twins Emme Maribel Muñiz and Maximilian David Muñiz , on February 22 , 2008 . People paid $6 million for the first photos of the twins . In 2009 , Anthony and Lopez purchased a stake in the Miami Dolphins . They joined several personalities in buying small stakes in the club , including Gloria and Emilio Estefan , Venus and Serena Williams , and Fergie . They bought two houses in Brookville , New York but Anthony and Lopez announced their separation in July 2011 , with Anthony filing for divorce on April 9 , 2012 . Their divorce was finalized on June 16 , 2014 , with Lopez retaining primary physical custody of the two children . Anthony and model Shannon De Lima ( born January 6 , 1989 ) married on November 11 , 2014 , in La Romana , Dominican Republic . In November 2016 , Anthony and De Lima separated , and the following month announced they plan to divorce . On February 13 , 2017 , Anthony and De Lima finalized their divorce . Discography . - When the Night is Over ( with Little Louie Vega ) ( 1991 ) - Otra Nota ( 1993 ) - Todo a Su Tiempo ( 1995 ) - Contra la Corriente ( 1997 ) - Marc Anthony ( 1999 ) - Libre ( 2001 ) - Mended ( 2002 ) - Amar Sin Mentiras ( 2004 ) - Valió la Pena ( 2004 ) - El Cantante ( 2007 ) - Iconos ( 2010 ) - 3.0 ( 2013 ) - Opus ( 2019 ) Tours . Juntos en concierto ( Together in Concert ) series : - Juntos en concierto 2005 with Chayanne and Alejandro Fernández - Juntos en concierto 2006 with Laura Pausini And Marco Antonio Solís - Juntos en concierto 2007 with Jennifer Lopez Filmography . Television . - 2000 : ( TV series ) as Mario ( voice ) in Robinita Hood ( Season 3 , Episode 12 ) - 2010–2011 : HawthoRNe ( TV series ) as Officer Nick Renata in season 3 , recurring in season 2 - 2012 : The X Factor , as a guest judge in Season 2 , Episode 9
|
[
"Titular Archbishop of Suacia and Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Bernardito Auza hold in May 2008?
|
/wiki/Bernardito_Auza#P39#0
|
Bernardito Auza Bernardito Cleopas Auza is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church . He is the current Apostolic Nuncio to Spain , appointed to that position on 01 October 2019 . Prior to this , he served under the diplomatic service of the Holy See , as well as being the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations from 2014 to 2019 . Early life . Auza was born on 10 June 1959 , in Balintawak , Talibon , Bohol , Philippines , the eighth of twelve children of Meliton Garcia Auza and Magdalena Polestico Cleopas . After preliminary education in Talibon , he entered the Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary in Tagbilaran City . He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas , Manila , where he obtained his Licentiate in Philosophy in 1981 , Licentiate in Theology in 1986 , and Masters in Education also in 1986 . Auza was ordained a priest by Bishop Daniel Francis Walsh of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California on 29 June 1985 . At the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas ( Angelicum ) , he obtained a Licentiate in Canon Law in 1989 and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1990 . He attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy to prepare for a diplomats career . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 June 1990 and worked in Madagascar and the South Indian Ocean ( 1990–93 ) , Bulgaria ( 1993–96 ) , Albania ( 1997–98 ) , the Secretariat of State in the Section for Relations with States ( 1999–2006 ) , and the Permanent Mission of the Holy See to the UN ( 2006–08 ) . Apostolic Nuncio . On 8 May 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI named Auza Titular Archbishop of Suacia and Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti . He was consecrated as a bishop on 3 July 2008 by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , Secretary of State . On 2 July 2014 , Pope Francis appointed him Permanent Observer to the United Nations in New York representing the Holy See . On 16 July , his responsibilities were expanded to include the role of Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . In October 2014 Auza called for a broad definition of the term “rule of law” that includes respect , dignity , and justice . The rule of law should be “both rationally and morally grounded upon the substantial principles of justice , including the inalienable dignity and value of every human person prior to any law or social consensus,” said Archbishop Berardito Auza , the nuncio , in a statement made during a committee meeting at the UN General Assembly . “As a consequence of the recognition of this dignity , those elements of fundamental justice such as respect for the principle of legality,” Archbishop Auza said , “the presumption of innocence and the right to due process.” Among nations , he added , the rule of law should mean “the paramount respect of human rights , equality of the rights of nations ; and respect for international customary law , treaties … and other sources of international law . This definition , with its reference point in the natural law , sidesteps self-referential definitional frameworks and anchors the orientation of the rule of law within the ultimate and essential goal of all law , namely to promote and guarantee the dignity of the human person and the common good.” In the same speech he noted the Vatican’s hope that “the alarming , escalating phenomenon of international terrorism , new in some of its expressions and utterly ruthless in its barbarity , be an occasion for a deeper and more urgent study on how to re-enforce the international juridical framework of a multilateral application of our common responsibility to protect people from all forms of unjust aggression.” His assignment to the OAS ended on 31 August 2019 . Pope Francis appointed him apostolic nuncio to Spain and to Andorra on 1 October 2019 .
|
[
"Bishop"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Bernardito Auza hold from Jul 2008 to Jul 2014?
|
/wiki/Bernardito_Auza#P39#1
|
Bernardito Auza Bernardito Cleopas Auza is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church . He is the current Apostolic Nuncio to Spain , appointed to that position on 01 October 2019 . Prior to this , he served under the diplomatic service of the Holy See , as well as being the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations from 2014 to 2019 . Early life . Auza was born on 10 June 1959 , in Balintawak , Talibon , Bohol , Philippines , the eighth of twelve children of Meliton Garcia Auza and Magdalena Polestico Cleopas . After preliminary education in Talibon , he entered the Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary in Tagbilaran City . He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas , Manila , where he obtained his Licentiate in Philosophy in 1981 , Licentiate in Theology in 1986 , and Masters in Education also in 1986 . Auza was ordained a priest by Bishop Daniel Francis Walsh of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California on 29 June 1985 . At the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas ( Angelicum ) , he obtained a Licentiate in Canon Law in 1989 and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1990 . He attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy to prepare for a diplomats career . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 June 1990 and worked in Madagascar and the South Indian Ocean ( 1990–93 ) , Bulgaria ( 1993–96 ) , Albania ( 1997–98 ) , the Secretariat of State in the Section for Relations with States ( 1999–2006 ) , and the Permanent Mission of the Holy See to the UN ( 2006–08 ) . Apostolic Nuncio . On 8 May 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI named Auza Titular Archbishop of Suacia and Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti . He was consecrated as a bishop on 3 July 2008 by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , Secretary of State . On 2 July 2014 , Pope Francis appointed him Permanent Observer to the United Nations in New York representing the Holy See . On 16 July , his responsibilities were expanded to include the role of Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . In October 2014 Auza called for a broad definition of the term “rule of law” that includes respect , dignity , and justice . The rule of law should be “both rationally and morally grounded upon the substantial principles of justice , including the inalienable dignity and value of every human person prior to any law or social consensus,” said Archbishop Berardito Auza , the nuncio , in a statement made during a committee meeting at the UN General Assembly . “As a consequence of the recognition of this dignity , those elements of fundamental justice such as respect for the principle of legality,” Archbishop Auza said , “the presumption of innocence and the right to due process.” Among nations , he added , the rule of law should mean “the paramount respect of human rights , equality of the rights of nations ; and respect for international customary law , treaties … and other sources of international law . This definition , with its reference point in the natural law , sidesteps self-referential definitional frameworks and anchors the orientation of the rule of law within the ultimate and essential goal of all law , namely to promote and guarantee the dignity of the human person and the common good.” In the same speech he noted the Vatican’s hope that “the alarming , escalating phenomenon of international terrorism , new in some of its expressions and utterly ruthless in its barbarity , be an occasion for a deeper and more urgent study on how to re-enforce the international juridical framework of a multilateral application of our common responsibility to protect people from all forms of unjust aggression.” His assignment to the OAS ended on 31 August 2019 . Pope Francis appointed him apostolic nuncio to Spain and to Andorra on 1 October 2019 .
|
[
"Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Bernardito Auza hold from Jul 2014 to Oct 2019?
|
/wiki/Bernardito_Auza#P39#2
|
Bernardito Auza Bernardito Cleopas Auza is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church . He is the current Apostolic Nuncio to Spain , appointed to that position on 01 October 2019 . Prior to this , he served under the diplomatic service of the Holy See , as well as being the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations from 2014 to 2019 . Early life . Auza was born on 10 June 1959 , in Balintawak , Talibon , Bohol , Philippines , the eighth of twelve children of Meliton Garcia Auza and Magdalena Polestico Cleopas . After preliminary education in Talibon , he entered the Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary in Tagbilaran City . He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas , Manila , where he obtained his Licentiate in Philosophy in 1981 , Licentiate in Theology in 1986 , and Masters in Education also in 1986 . Auza was ordained a priest by Bishop Daniel Francis Walsh of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California on 29 June 1985 . At the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas ( Angelicum ) , he obtained a Licentiate in Canon Law in 1989 and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1990 . He attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy to prepare for a diplomats career . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 June 1990 and worked in Madagascar and the South Indian Ocean ( 1990–93 ) , Bulgaria ( 1993–96 ) , Albania ( 1997–98 ) , the Secretariat of State in the Section for Relations with States ( 1999–2006 ) , and the Permanent Mission of the Holy See to the UN ( 2006–08 ) . Apostolic Nuncio . On 8 May 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI named Auza Titular Archbishop of Suacia and Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti . He was consecrated as a bishop on 3 July 2008 by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , Secretary of State . On 2 July 2014 , Pope Francis appointed him Permanent Observer to the United Nations in New York representing the Holy See . On 16 July , his responsibilities were expanded to include the role of Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . In October 2014 Auza called for a broad definition of the term “rule of law” that includes respect , dignity , and justice . The rule of law should be “both rationally and morally grounded upon the substantial principles of justice , including the inalienable dignity and value of every human person prior to any law or social consensus,” said Archbishop Berardito Auza , the nuncio , in a statement made during a committee meeting at the UN General Assembly . “As a consequence of the recognition of this dignity , those elements of fundamental justice such as respect for the principle of legality,” Archbishop Auza said , “the presumption of innocence and the right to due process.” Among nations , he added , the rule of law should mean “the paramount respect of human rights , equality of the rights of nations ; and respect for international customary law , treaties … and other sources of international law . This definition , with its reference point in the natural law , sidesteps self-referential definitional frameworks and anchors the orientation of the rule of law within the ultimate and essential goal of all law , namely to promote and guarantee the dignity of the human person and the common good.” In the same speech he noted the Vatican’s hope that “the alarming , escalating phenomenon of international terrorism , new in some of its expressions and utterly ruthless in its barbarity , be an occasion for a deeper and more urgent study on how to re-enforce the international juridical framework of a multilateral application of our common responsibility to protect people from all forms of unjust aggression.” His assignment to the OAS ended on 31 August 2019 . Pope Francis appointed him apostolic nuncio to Spain and to Andorra on 1 October 2019 .
|
[
"Apostolic Nuncio to Spain",
"Nuncio"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Bernardito Auza hold from Oct 2019 to Oct 2020?
|
/wiki/Bernardito_Auza#P39#3
|
Bernardito Auza Bernardito Cleopas Auza is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church . He is the current Apostolic Nuncio to Spain , appointed to that position on 01 October 2019 . Prior to this , he served under the diplomatic service of the Holy See , as well as being the Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations from 2014 to 2019 . Early life . Auza was born on 10 June 1959 , in Balintawak , Talibon , Bohol , Philippines , the eighth of twelve children of Meliton Garcia Auza and Magdalena Polestico Cleopas . After preliminary education in Talibon , he entered the Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary in Tagbilaran City . He then enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas , Manila , where he obtained his Licentiate in Philosophy in 1981 , Licentiate in Theology in 1986 , and Masters in Education also in 1986 . Auza was ordained a priest by Bishop Daniel Francis Walsh of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California on 29 June 1985 . At the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas ( Angelicum ) , he obtained a Licentiate in Canon Law in 1989 and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology in 1990 . He attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy to prepare for a diplomats career . He entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See on 1 June 1990 and worked in Madagascar and the South Indian Ocean ( 1990–93 ) , Bulgaria ( 1993–96 ) , Albania ( 1997–98 ) , the Secretariat of State in the Section for Relations with States ( 1999–2006 ) , and the Permanent Mission of the Holy See to the UN ( 2006–08 ) . Apostolic Nuncio . On 8 May 2008 , Pope Benedict XVI named Auza Titular Archbishop of Suacia and Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti . He was consecrated as a bishop on 3 July 2008 by Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , Secretary of State . On 2 July 2014 , Pope Francis appointed him Permanent Observer to the United Nations in New York representing the Holy See . On 16 July , his responsibilities were expanded to include the role of Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States ( OAS ) . In October 2014 Auza called for a broad definition of the term “rule of law” that includes respect , dignity , and justice . The rule of law should be “both rationally and morally grounded upon the substantial principles of justice , including the inalienable dignity and value of every human person prior to any law or social consensus,” said Archbishop Berardito Auza , the nuncio , in a statement made during a committee meeting at the UN General Assembly . “As a consequence of the recognition of this dignity , those elements of fundamental justice such as respect for the principle of legality,” Archbishop Auza said , “the presumption of innocence and the right to due process.” Among nations , he added , the rule of law should mean “the paramount respect of human rights , equality of the rights of nations ; and respect for international customary law , treaties … and other sources of international law . This definition , with its reference point in the natural law , sidesteps self-referential definitional frameworks and anchors the orientation of the rule of law within the ultimate and essential goal of all law , namely to promote and guarantee the dignity of the human person and the common good.” In the same speech he noted the Vatican’s hope that “the alarming , escalating phenomenon of international terrorism , new in some of its expressions and utterly ruthless in its barbarity , be an occasion for a deeper and more urgent study on how to re-enforce the international juridical framework of a multilateral application of our common responsibility to protect people from all forms of unjust aggression.” His assignment to the OAS ended on 31 August 2019 . Pope Francis appointed him apostolic nuncio to Spain and to Andorra on 1 October 2019 .
|
[
"Celtic"
] |
easy
|
Jim McInally played for which team from 1983 to 1984?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#0
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
"Nottingham Forest"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Jim McInally play for from 1984 to 1986?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#1
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
"Dundee United"
] |
easy
|
Jim McInally played for which team from 1986 to 1995?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#2
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
"Raith Rovers"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Jim McInally belong to from 1995 to 1996?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#3
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
"Dundee United"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Jim McInally play for from 1996 to 1997?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#4
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which team did Jim McInally play for from 1997 to 1999?
|
/wiki/Jim_McInally#P54#5
|
Jim McInally James Edward McInally ( born 19 February 1964 ) is a Scottish football manager and former player . He played for Dundee United for 10 seasons in which he won the 1993–94 Scottish Cup and played in the 1987 UEFA Cup Final . At United he was also a three time Scottish Cup runner-up . McInally also played for Celtic , Nottingham Forest ( 1985 Player of the Year ) , Coventry City , Raith Rovers , Dundee , Sligo Rovers and East Fife . He gained 10 full caps with the Scotland national football team for whom he played at the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . His management career began with a player-manager role at Sligo Rovers . After his playing retirement he took charge of both Greenock Morton and East Stirlingshire . He is currently manager of Peterhead . Playing career . Celtic and loan to Dundee . McInally began senior his career at left back with Celtic , the team he supported as a boy . He won Scotland youth caps and then debuted under Billy McNeil on 28 August 1982 in a 7-1 league cup victory at Dunfermline Athletic . However McNeil left in June 1983 and was replaced by Davie Hay who had no plans for McInally at Celtic . In January 1984 McInally was loaned to Dundee where he scored twice in his 11 league games . McInally left after only one appearance for Celtic in each of the league and the Scottish Cup to add to his debut in the league cup against Dunfermline . Nottingham Forest . He was flown down by Brian Clough to watch Nottingham Forest against Manchester United for the final league game of the 1983/84 season ( Forest won 2--0 ) . He was a guest of Forest at the game with two other players they were signing , Johnny Metgod and Gary Megson . McInallys Forest debut was in and end of season tour in Australia . While living in Nottinghams Balmoral Hotel he spent Christmas as a guest at the Clough household . McInally was player of the year at the end of his first Forest season . Despite this success he stayed at Forest for only 18 months . In the summer of 1985 Stuart Pearce was signed by Clough . Pearce was the makeweight in a £300,000 deal bringing Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth to Forest . So unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that after the transfer he advertised his services as an electrician in Forests match-day programme . However Pearce immediately established himself at left back making 30 league appearances before the end of the season . McInally played beside Pearce in some games that season before leaving after his last game on 26 December 1985 . McInallys last game was a 1–0 win away at Birmingham City . Coventry City . McInally moved in the opposite direction to Pearce joining Dave Bowman at Coventry City for £112,000 . He played five first team games there before he and Bowman double transferred to Scotland at the end of the season . Dundee United . McInally and Bowman joined Dundee United in the summer of 1986 in a £140,000 joint transfer . At Tannadice McInally quickly became an effective defensive midfielder and played an important part in Dundee Uniteds run to the UEFA Cup Final in his first season . McInally scored the opener in the home leg of the third round tie against Hadjuk Split . United beat F.C . Barcelona home and away and then eliminated Borussia Mönchengladbach in the semi final . They lost 2–1 on aggregate in the final to IFK Goteborg . Bowman and McInally played in three losing Dundee United Scottish final teams . These were in 1987 to St Mirren , 1988 to Celtic and the 1991 final to Motherwell in which Bowman scored . They collected a winners medal from the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers . Raith Rovers . In 1995 , following Uniteds relegation to the Scottish Football League First Division , McInally remained in the Premier Division by joining newly promoted Raith Rovers as player/coach . In early 1996 , McInally was due to join Aberdeen in a swap deal for Peter Hetherston , and was paraded at a Pittodrie news conference . Hetherston however failed a medical and the move collapsed . Dundee United ( second spell ) . A few weeks into the following season , McInally moved back to Tannadice and made sixteen appearances . Dundee . He then moved back to Dundee as a player-coach at Dens Park . Scotland . McInallys first full cap was on 1 April 1987 losing 4–1 in a European Championship qualifier away to Belgium . He was selected for the Scotland squad for the UEFA Euro 1992 finals in Sweden . In Sweden he played in Scotlands third and final game as a 65th-minute substitute for Ally McCoist . The Scots won that game 3–0 against the CIS . McInally had played in two of the qualifiers both of which were 1–1 draws against Bulgaria . His 10th and final cap was the 5–0 defeat away to Portugal on 28 April 1993 that all but extinguished Scottish hopes of qualifying for the 1994 FIFA World Cup . Management career . Sligo Rovers . McInally joined Sligo Rovers as manager at the start of the 1999–00 season but early results did not go his way and he left the club for personal reasons . He returned to Scotland and joined the coaching staff of Celtic , working with the clubs youth teams . Greenock Morton . McInally moved back into management as he was appointed manager of Scottish Second Division side Greenock Morton . In the 2005–06 season , he led Morton to 2nd place in the Division after which they were subsequently denied promotion by losing to Peterhead in the play-offs . McInally stated his intention to win the Second Division in the 2006–07 season , with that objective met in mid April when nearest challengers Stirling Albion fell out of mathematical contention . He won the August 2006 Second Division Manager of the Month award , along the way . He resigned in February 2008 after a run of poor results allowed Morton to slip into ninth place in the First Division . East Stirlingshire . On 13 March 2008 , McInally was named the new manager of Third Division strugglers East Stirlingshire , succeeding Gordon Wylde who resigned a month earlier . McInally was named November 2008 Manager of the Month for the Third Division by the Scottish Football League . He then won the same award in February and September 2009 , but resigned in May 2011 after the club finished second bottom of the 2010–11 Scottish Third Division . Peterhead . McInally was appointed manager of Peterhead in October 2011 . He led the Blue Toon to its first trophy as a football league club by winning the Scottish League Two title in season 2013–14 . The club were relegated back to the fourth tier via the play-offs in season 2016–17 . McInally offered to resign after Peterhead failed to win promotion in 2017–18 , but the board of directors asked him to stay on . He then won the Scottish League Two title the next season , securing it on the last day . Career statistics . Managerial record . - Sligo Rovers statistics currently unavailable . Honours and awards . Player . - Nottingham Forest - Player of the Year 1984-85 - Dundee United - 1987 UEFA Cup Finalist - 1993–94 Scottish Cup winner - Hall of Fame 2015 inductee Manager . - Greenock Morton - Scottish Second Division : 2006–07 - Peterhead - Scottish League Two ( 2 ) : 2013–14 , 2018–19 External links . - FitbaStats - Celtic
|
[
"Aurora Cáceres"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Enrique Gómez Carrillo from 1905 to 1906?
|
/wiki/Enrique_Gómez_Carrillo#P26#0
|
Enrique Gómez Carrillo Enrique Gómez Carrillo ( February 27 , 1873 in Guatemala City – November 29 , 1927 in Paris ) was a Guatemalan literary critic , writer , journalist and diplomat , and the second husband of the Salvadoran-French writer and artist Consuelo Suncin de Sandoval-Cardenas , later Consuelo Suncin , comtesse de Saint Exupéry , who in turn was his third wife ; he had been previously married to intellectual Aurora Caceres and Spanish actress Raquel Meller . He also became famous for his travels , chronicles , bohemian lifestyle and his notorious numerous love affairs . At one point he was falsely accused of being the one that betrayed Mata Hari and gave the famous German spy to the French during World War I . Biography . In 1891 Gómez Carrillo won a scholarship to study in Spain , from then President of Guatemala Manuel Lisandro Barillas . Before moving there , he went to Paris , where he met several writers , such as Paul Verlaine , Moréas and Leconte de Lisle . He subsequently moved to France in 1892 , becoming a journalist for a Spanish newspaper thanks to his close friend the Spanish writer Alfredo Vicenti and becoming acquainted with many Parisian literary figures such as James Joyce , Oscar Wilde and Émile Zola . The following year he published his first book , Esquisses , which includes profiles of several writers of the time , and contributed to several publications . In 1898 he was back in Guatemala , and worked in the election campaign of interim president Manuel Estrada Cabrera , who rewarded him for his work by appointing him consul of Guatemala in Paris . Years later , the Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen also appoints him as a representative of Argentina . In 1895 he became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy . In France , he was awarded several times for his literary work : in 1906 he won the Montyon of the Académie Française for the French translation of his book The Japanese Soul . In 1916 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor , and later promoted to Commander in the same order . Journalism career . Ever since he arrived to Europe , Gómez Carrillo sent his critic and opinion articles to El Liberal , a prestigious Spanish newspaper . Press correspondent . Among the journalists in Europe there were very few that can match him and none better , getting to be known as Prince of the Chroniclers . His massive work production is not known in its entirety because he worked for a lot of different news outlets throughout his life ; the most famous were : 1 . Buenos Aires , Argentina : La Nación and La Razón 2 . La Habana , Cuba : Diario de La Marina 3 . Madrid , Spain : El Liberal -with two thousand six hundred sixty seven articles from 1899 to 1920- , Blanco y Negro , La Esfera , Pluma y Lápiz , Electra , El Imparcial and ABC -with five hundrerd seventy articles from 1921 to 1927- . Among his major contributions were : 1 . A report about Tsarist Russia in 1905 . During a trip to Saint Petersburg along with Alfredo Vincenti , director of El Liberal , he got to know first hand the tremendous reality of Tsar Nicholas II , the orthodox clergy , the student and worker movements , and the officials and nobles repression . After appearing in El Liberal , his news reports were reprinted in his book La Rusia Actual , -The current Russia with an introduction by Alfredo Vicenti . This book was the strongest denounce against the injustices in Russia written in Spanish . Given that it was not written by a politician or a government , it was regarded as an objective and unbiased analysis . 2 . Egypt , Japan and China , also in 1905 . After the victory of the Japanese Empire over the Russians , Gómez Carrillo convinced the director of the newspapers for whom he worked to allow him to visit the Far East . The voyages goal was to inform the readers of El Liberal and La Nación about what was going on in Japan after its victory , the consequence of the war and what was the path of this powerful empire , but his notes not only talk about politics and the social customs of those countries ; they also talk about the erotic customs and traditions of those places . His work appeared in two books : - De Marsella a Tokio , sensaciones de Egipto , la India , la China y el Japón ( From Marseille to Tokio , sensations of Egypt , Indian , China and Japan ) published in 1906 with an introduction written by Rubén Darío . - El Alma Japonesa ( The Japanese soul ) published in 1907 and dedicated to the President of Guatemala , Manuel Estrada Cabrera for making the worship of public instruction a modern religion . When this book was translated into French , the government of France granted him the Cross of the Legion of Honor due to his long , persevering and magnificent propaganda work about the French literary works and culture . 3 . Holy Land : after a trip by the Holy Land in 1913 , Gómez Carrillo wrote his book Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( Jerusalem and the Holy Land ) , which was very well received by the literary critics , but blasted by the religious groups . However , despite the religious criticism , the book was a best-seller in both Spain and Latin America . He was excommunicated by several bishops in both continents , but it was Rubén Darío who summarizes best who triumphed in the end : it is the firmest , most heartfelt and most thought after of all of his work.. . if this devil of a man wanted , even after the excommunication , a cardinal would write introductions for his books ! 4 . World War I : during the first three years of World War I , he worked as press correspondent of El Liberal , and thanks to his detailed chronicles , which came from his courage of getting close to enemy lines , the Spanish readers got to know the horrors of the front . A summary of his articles is found in his books : Crónica de la Guerra ( War Chronicles , 1915 ) , Reflejos de la Tragedia ( Reflections of the Tragedy , 1915 ) , En las Trincheras ( Inside the trenches , 1916 ) , and En el Corazón de la Tragedia ( At the heart of the tragedy , 1916 ) , among others . For his war contributions , the French government granted him the high dignity of Commentator of the Legion of Honor . He was also a skilled interviewer , and his most famous one was with pope Benedict XV during the war ; the Pope accepted to be interviewed by Gómez Carrillo in spite of being a well-known playboy and a heretic writer . In 1916 was appointed as El Liberal director , but could work in that position for a year due to his multiple travels as press correspondent . Magazines . In 1907 he began published the magazine El Nuevo Mercurio ( The new Mercury , which had first class contributions from the best Latin American writers : besides Gómez Carrillo , it had material from Catulle Mendes , Jean Moréas , Ruben Darío , José María Vargas Vila , Miguel de Unamuno , Manuel Ugarte , Amado Nervo , and others . Unfortunately , and despite the quality of its material , the magazine had to close because it did not appeal to the readers . Wives and famous romances . Given his intellectual and physical strengths , Gómez Carrillo was very popular with women , having a long list of affairs with artists , writers , and French socialites . However , there were a handful of ladies that were able -at least for a short while- keep him for themselves : - Alice Freville : French socialite , «charming , smart and very literate» with whom Gómez Carrillo lived a torrid romance when he arrived to Paris for the first time and then when he went to Madrid . Even though they split in 1902 , he used to visit her when he was stressed out and he always looked after her , until her death . - Aurora Cáceres : Peruvian feminist writer , daughter of the former President of Perú general Andrés Avelino Cáceres . They got married on June 6 , 1906 , but his constant mood swings and the unfamiliar Parisian ambiance , the marriage did not last and they split in April 1907 . She later described her life with the writer in her book Mi vida con Enrique Gómez Carrillo -My life with Enrique Gómez Carrillo- . In the book one can feel that she was aloof and that disliked the continuous parties and tourist trips who rather stayed reading at home . She was such a loner , that she like to have two single beds instead of a couples one . - Raquel Meller : in 1917 , Gómez Carrillo met the Spanish flamenco singer , who married him in 1919 after he wooed her in his writings . But then , his condition showed the life of excess he had led : his constant drinking binges and infidelities caused a lot of tension in the marriage . But everything collapsed when Raquel learned that he was wasting away her hard earned money . After a public ugly argument about their finances , they divorced in 1920 . - Consuelo Suncín : French-Salvadorian writer , who studied Literature and Law in México . She travelled to Paris along to her protector , José Vasconcelos . Once in Paris , she fell in love with Gómez Carrillo and married him in 1926 , becoming his widow just eleven months later , when he died of a stroke . Mata Hari scandal . Mata Hari was a famous exotic dancer , who was accused of espionage and then shot by French authorities due to her ties to the German secret services during World War I . Later on , admiral Wilhelm Canaris , German secret service director , told in his autobiography that it was him who betrayed Mata Hari given that her services were not needed anymore . At the time , a rumor that Gómez Carrillo and his wife Raquel Meller were the ones that told the French on Mata Hari -even though at the time Gómez Carrillo had not met Raquel yet- ; Gómez Carrillo took advantage of the scandal to increase his fame and prestige , and even wrote a book on it : El Misterio de la Vida y de la Muerte de Mata Hari -The mystery of Mata Haris life and death- . Maurice Maeterlinck described Gómez Carrillo as a true Renaissance man , living his life to the extreme as a relentless dueler , syphilitic , traveller and correspondent . He died on November 29 , 1927 , and is buried in Pariss Père Lachaise Cemetery ; years later , when Consuelo died , she was buried alongside him ; upon his death , she inherited his two homes in Paris and Cimiez , near Nice . Death . Gómez Carrillo died in París , on 27 November 1927 victim of an aneurysm following years of excess and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery . Next to him are the remains of his last wife , Consuelo , who had become countess of Saint-Exupéry after her third marriage , to French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . Monument in Guatemala City . On 9 July 1941 , by initiative Nicaraguan write Juan Manuel Mendoza , who wrote Gómez Carrillos biography , a Committee pro Enrique Gómez Carrillo Monument was created , and it was in charge of Natalia Górriz de Morales . Among those who worked with the committee were Miguel Ángel Asturias and Federico Hernández de León , who put at the committees service the Diario del Aire broadcasts , and Nuestro Diario newspaper , respectively . Finally , during Dr . Juan José Arévalo presidency , in 1947 the monument was opened to the public in Concordia square , which was renamed as Enrique Gómez Carrillo Park . Monument in Guatemala City General Cemetery . In 1960 a tomb for those famous Guatemalan intellectuals that had died overseas was built in the Guatemala City General Cemetery Unfortunately , due to the coup détat of 1963 that deposed general Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , President of Guatemala and sponsor of this idea , the project was abandoned ; only Antonio José de Irisarri -who died in New York City in 1868 and whose remains were taken back to Guatemala in 1968- and poet Domingo Estrada -who died in Paris in 1901- are buried in the tomb . In the case of Gómez Carrillo , due to the impossibility of getting his remains , his name was inscribed on a plaque in bronze letters . By the end of the 20th century , all the bronze letters had been stolen , the plaque covered with graffiti and the whole place is totally abandoned . Literary works . Gómez Carrillo became the author of nearly eighty books of various genres , and is known primarily for his chronicles ( crónicas ) , characterized by modernist prose . He contributed to numerous publications in Spain , France and Latin America , and headed El Nuevo Mercurio ( 1907 ) and Cosmópolis ( 1919–1922 ) . Gómez Carrillo lived mainly in Madrid and Paris . It was in Madrid where he decided to change his surname from Gomez Tible to Gómez Carrillo , mortified by the joking of others . A tireless traveler , he wrote numerous chronicles that collected his impressions of the places he visited : the enchanting París ( 1902 ) , La Rusia actual ( 1906 ) , La Grecia eterna ( 1908 ) , El Japón heroico y galante ( 1912 ) , La sonrisa de la esfinge ( 1913 ) , Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( 1914 ) and Vistas de Europa ( 1919 ) . He was also the author of several essays , autobiographies and literary criticisms on Art Sensation ( 1893 ) Foreign Literature ( 1895 ) , Modernism ( 1905 ) , Exotic literatures ( 1920 ) , Sappho , and other seductive courtesans ( 1921 ) , The mystery of life and death of Mata Hari ( 1923 ) , The hundred masterpieces of world literature ( 1924 ) and New French literature ( 1927 ) . As for his narrative , immoral novels include Of love , of pain and vice ( 1898 ) , Bohemia sentimental ( 1899 ) , Wonderland ( 1899 , 1922 ) and The Gospel of Love ( 1922 ) . Erotic themes predominates within the aesthetic decadence of his writings . Forgotten in Guatemala . Guatemala is probably the country where Gómez Carrillo is least known , and where the few that do know about his work , are those who criticize it the most . Official cultura curriculum has ignored him , neglecting both his persona and his work . Luis Cardoza y Aragón , has been the direct culprit of this ; in both of his memoirs Cardoza y Aragón wrote complete chapters about Gómez Carrillo where he attacks the writer mercilessly . Cardozas criticism , however , cannot completely hide his resentment and envy toward the writer who visited him in Paris in his youth , and to whom he dedicated his very first poems book . It is until the 21st century that a collection about representative writers in the American continent has published a chapter explaining the deliberate neglect around Gómez Carrillos memory in his home country . The chapter state that : ever since Darío died in 1916 there has been a lot of books about modernism . Generally , they ignore Gómez Carrillo . This musketeer winner in life , has not escaped the destiny of those who indulge in their excesses . Besides , he lacked something critical to accomplish immediate celebrity : loved relatives and a protector government.» Further along , the chapter says : « [ ... ] in Guatemala , asking about Gómez Carrillo , no body had any information . His own brother , language professor , carries along completely oblivious to his brothers glory [ ... ] and the bookstores do no have any of his works [ ... ] it is easier to find them in Buenos Aires and in Madrid , for sure . In Spain , in the 2010s , there has been a renewed interest in Gómez Carrillos works ; some of his best books have been reprinted and starting in 2014 -with the centennial of World War I- there have been printings of several books with the articles that he wrote about the war for El Liberal of Madrid and La Nación of Buenos Aires .
|
[
"Raquel Meller"
] |
easy
|
Who was the spouse of Enrique Gómez Carrillo from 1919 to 1920?
|
/wiki/Enrique_Gómez_Carrillo#P26#1
|
Enrique Gómez Carrillo Enrique Gómez Carrillo ( February 27 , 1873 in Guatemala City – November 29 , 1927 in Paris ) was a Guatemalan literary critic , writer , journalist and diplomat , and the second husband of the Salvadoran-French writer and artist Consuelo Suncin de Sandoval-Cardenas , later Consuelo Suncin , comtesse de Saint Exupéry , who in turn was his third wife ; he had been previously married to intellectual Aurora Caceres and Spanish actress Raquel Meller . He also became famous for his travels , chronicles , bohemian lifestyle and his notorious numerous love affairs . At one point he was falsely accused of being the one that betrayed Mata Hari and gave the famous German spy to the French during World War I . Biography . In 1891 Gómez Carrillo won a scholarship to study in Spain , from then President of Guatemala Manuel Lisandro Barillas . Before moving there , he went to Paris , where he met several writers , such as Paul Verlaine , Moréas and Leconte de Lisle . He subsequently moved to France in 1892 , becoming a journalist for a Spanish newspaper thanks to his close friend the Spanish writer Alfredo Vicenti and becoming acquainted with many Parisian literary figures such as James Joyce , Oscar Wilde and Émile Zola . The following year he published his first book , Esquisses , which includes profiles of several writers of the time , and contributed to several publications . In 1898 he was back in Guatemala , and worked in the election campaign of interim president Manuel Estrada Cabrera , who rewarded him for his work by appointing him consul of Guatemala in Paris . Years later , the Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen also appoints him as a representative of Argentina . In 1895 he became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy . In France , he was awarded several times for his literary work : in 1906 he won the Montyon of the Académie Française for the French translation of his book The Japanese Soul . In 1916 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor , and later promoted to Commander in the same order . Journalism career . Ever since he arrived to Europe , Gómez Carrillo sent his critic and opinion articles to El Liberal , a prestigious Spanish newspaper . Press correspondent . Among the journalists in Europe there were very few that can match him and none better , getting to be known as Prince of the Chroniclers . His massive work production is not known in its entirety because he worked for a lot of different news outlets throughout his life ; the most famous were : 1 . Buenos Aires , Argentina : La Nación and La Razón 2 . La Habana , Cuba : Diario de La Marina 3 . Madrid , Spain : El Liberal -with two thousand six hundred sixty seven articles from 1899 to 1920- , Blanco y Negro , La Esfera , Pluma y Lápiz , Electra , El Imparcial and ABC -with five hundrerd seventy articles from 1921 to 1927- . Among his major contributions were : 1 . A report about Tsarist Russia in 1905 . During a trip to Saint Petersburg along with Alfredo Vincenti , director of El Liberal , he got to know first hand the tremendous reality of Tsar Nicholas II , the orthodox clergy , the student and worker movements , and the officials and nobles repression . After appearing in El Liberal , his news reports were reprinted in his book La Rusia Actual , -The current Russia with an introduction by Alfredo Vicenti . This book was the strongest denounce against the injustices in Russia written in Spanish . Given that it was not written by a politician or a government , it was regarded as an objective and unbiased analysis . 2 . Egypt , Japan and China , also in 1905 . After the victory of the Japanese Empire over the Russians , Gómez Carrillo convinced the director of the newspapers for whom he worked to allow him to visit the Far East . The voyages goal was to inform the readers of El Liberal and La Nación about what was going on in Japan after its victory , the consequence of the war and what was the path of this powerful empire , but his notes not only talk about politics and the social customs of those countries ; they also talk about the erotic customs and traditions of those places . His work appeared in two books : - De Marsella a Tokio , sensaciones de Egipto , la India , la China y el Japón ( From Marseille to Tokio , sensations of Egypt , Indian , China and Japan ) published in 1906 with an introduction written by Rubén Darío . - El Alma Japonesa ( The Japanese soul ) published in 1907 and dedicated to the President of Guatemala , Manuel Estrada Cabrera for making the worship of public instruction a modern religion . When this book was translated into French , the government of France granted him the Cross of the Legion of Honor due to his long , persevering and magnificent propaganda work about the French literary works and culture . 3 . Holy Land : after a trip by the Holy Land in 1913 , Gómez Carrillo wrote his book Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( Jerusalem and the Holy Land ) , which was very well received by the literary critics , but blasted by the religious groups . However , despite the religious criticism , the book was a best-seller in both Spain and Latin America . He was excommunicated by several bishops in both continents , but it was Rubén Darío who summarizes best who triumphed in the end : it is the firmest , most heartfelt and most thought after of all of his work.. . if this devil of a man wanted , even after the excommunication , a cardinal would write introductions for his books ! 4 . World War I : during the first three years of World War I , he worked as press correspondent of El Liberal , and thanks to his detailed chronicles , which came from his courage of getting close to enemy lines , the Spanish readers got to know the horrors of the front . A summary of his articles is found in his books : Crónica de la Guerra ( War Chronicles , 1915 ) , Reflejos de la Tragedia ( Reflections of the Tragedy , 1915 ) , En las Trincheras ( Inside the trenches , 1916 ) , and En el Corazón de la Tragedia ( At the heart of the tragedy , 1916 ) , among others . For his war contributions , the French government granted him the high dignity of Commentator of the Legion of Honor . He was also a skilled interviewer , and his most famous one was with pope Benedict XV during the war ; the Pope accepted to be interviewed by Gómez Carrillo in spite of being a well-known playboy and a heretic writer . In 1916 was appointed as El Liberal director , but could work in that position for a year due to his multiple travels as press correspondent . Magazines . In 1907 he began published the magazine El Nuevo Mercurio ( The new Mercury , which had first class contributions from the best Latin American writers : besides Gómez Carrillo , it had material from Catulle Mendes , Jean Moréas , Ruben Darío , José María Vargas Vila , Miguel de Unamuno , Manuel Ugarte , Amado Nervo , and others . Unfortunately , and despite the quality of its material , the magazine had to close because it did not appeal to the readers . Wives and famous romances . Given his intellectual and physical strengths , Gómez Carrillo was very popular with women , having a long list of affairs with artists , writers , and French socialites . However , there were a handful of ladies that were able -at least for a short while- keep him for themselves : - Alice Freville : French socialite , «charming , smart and very literate» with whom Gómez Carrillo lived a torrid romance when he arrived to Paris for the first time and then when he went to Madrid . Even though they split in 1902 , he used to visit her when he was stressed out and he always looked after her , until her death . - Aurora Cáceres : Peruvian feminist writer , daughter of the former President of Perú general Andrés Avelino Cáceres . They got married on June 6 , 1906 , but his constant mood swings and the unfamiliar Parisian ambiance , the marriage did not last and they split in April 1907 . She later described her life with the writer in her book Mi vida con Enrique Gómez Carrillo -My life with Enrique Gómez Carrillo- . In the book one can feel that she was aloof and that disliked the continuous parties and tourist trips who rather stayed reading at home . She was such a loner , that she like to have two single beds instead of a couples one . - Raquel Meller : in 1917 , Gómez Carrillo met the Spanish flamenco singer , who married him in 1919 after he wooed her in his writings . But then , his condition showed the life of excess he had led : his constant drinking binges and infidelities caused a lot of tension in the marriage . But everything collapsed when Raquel learned that he was wasting away her hard earned money . After a public ugly argument about their finances , they divorced in 1920 . - Consuelo Suncín : French-Salvadorian writer , who studied Literature and Law in México . She travelled to Paris along to her protector , José Vasconcelos . Once in Paris , she fell in love with Gómez Carrillo and married him in 1926 , becoming his widow just eleven months later , when he died of a stroke . Mata Hari scandal . Mata Hari was a famous exotic dancer , who was accused of espionage and then shot by French authorities due to her ties to the German secret services during World War I . Later on , admiral Wilhelm Canaris , German secret service director , told in his autobiography that it was him who betrayed Mata Hari given that her services were not needed anymore . At the time , a rumor that Gómez Carrillo and his wife Raquel Meller were the ones that told the French on Mata Hari -even though at the time Gómez Carrillo had not met Raquel yet- ; Gómez Carrillo took advantage of the scandal to increase his fame and prestige , and even wrote a book on it : El Misterio de la Vida y de la Muerte de Mata Hari -The mystery of Mata Haris life and death- . Maurice Maeterlinck described Gómez Carrillo as a true Renaissance man , living his life to the extreme as a relentless dueler , syphilitic , traveller and correspondent . He died on November 29 , 1927 , and is buried in Pariss Père Lachaise Cemetery ; years later , when Consuelo died , she was buried alongside him ; upon his death , she inherited his two homes in Paris and Cimiez , near Nice . Death . Gómez Carrillo died in París , on 27 November 1927 victim of an aneurysm following years of excess and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery . Next to him are the remains of his last wife , Consuelo , who had become countess of Saint-Exupéry after her third marriage , to French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . Monument in Guatemala City . On 9 July 1941 , by initiative Nicaraguan write Juan Manuel Mendoza , who wrote Gómez Carrillos biography , a Committee pro Enrique Gómez Carrillo Monument was created , and it was in charge of Natalia Górriz de Morales . Among those who worked with the committee were Miguel Ángel Asturias and Federico Hernández de León , who put at the committees service the Diario del Aire broadcasts , and Nuestro Diario newspaper , respectively . Finally , during Dr . Juan José Arévalo presidency , in 1947 the monument was opened to the public in Concordia square , which was renamed as Enrique Gómez Carrillo Park . Monument in Guatemala City General Cemetery . In 1960 a tomb for those famous Guatemalan intellectuals that had died overseas was built in the Guatemala City General Cemetery Unfortunately , due to the coup détat of 1963 that deposed general Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , President of Guatemala and sponsor of this idea , the project was abandoned ; only Antonio José de Irisarri -who died in New York City in 1868 and whose remains were taken back to Guatemala in 1968- and poet Domingo Estrada -who died in Paris in 1901- are buried in the tomb . In the case of Gómez Carrillo , due to the impossibility of getting his remains , his name was inscribed on a plaque in bronze letters . By the end of the 20th century , all the bronze letters had been stolen , the plaque covered with graffiti and the whole place is totally abandoned . Literary works . Gómez Carrillo became the author of nearly eighty books of various genres , and is known primarily for his chronicles ( crónicas ) , characterized by modernist prose . He contributed to numerous publications in Spain , France and Latin America , and headed El Nuevo Mercurio ( 1907 ) and Cosmópolis ( 1919–1922 ) . Gómez Carrillo lived mainly in Madrid and Paris . It was in Madrid where he decided to change his surname from Gomez Tible to Gómez Carrillo , mortified by the joking of others . A tireless traveler , he wrote numerous chronicles that collected his impressions of the places he visited : the enchanting París ( 1902 ) , La Rusia actual ( 1906 ) , La Grecia eterna ( 1908 ) , El Japón heroico y galante ( 1912 ) , La sonrisa de la esfinge ( 1913 ) , Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( 1914 ) and Vistas de Europa ( 1919 ) . He was also the author of several essays , autobiographies and literary criticisms on Art Sensation ( 1893 ) Foreign Literature ( 1895 ) , Modernism ( 1905 ) , Exotic literatures ( 1920 ) , Sappho , and other seductive courtesans ( 1921 ) , The mystery of life and death of Mata Hari ( 1923 ) , The hundred masterpieces of world literature ( 1924 ) and New French literature ( 1927 ) . As for his narrative , immoral novels include Of love , of pain and vice ( 1898 ) , Bohemia sentimental ( 1899 ) , Wonderland ( 1899 , 1922 ) and The Gospel of Love ( 1922 ) . Erotic themes predominates within the aesthetic decadence of his writings . Forgotten in Guatemala . Guatemala is probably the country where Gómez Carrillo is least known , and where the few that do know about his work , are those who criticize it the most . Official cultura curriculum has ignored him , neglecting both his persona and his work . Luis Cardoza y Aragón , has been the direct culprit of this ; in both of his memoirs Cardoza y Aragón wrote complete chapters about Gómez Carrillo where he attacks the writer mercilessly . Cardozas criticism , however , cannot completely hide his resentment and envy toward the writer who visited him in Paris in his youth , and to whom he dedicated his very first poems book . It is until the 21st century that a collection about representative writers in the American continent has published a chapter explaining the deliberate neglect around Gómez Carrillos memory in his home country . The chapter state that : ever since Darío died in 1916 there has been a lot of books about modernism . Generally , they ignore Gómez Carrillo . This musketeer winner in life , has not escaped the destiny of those who indulge in their excesses . Besides , he lacked something critical to accomplish immediate celebrity : loved relatives and a protector government.» Further along , the chapter says : « [ ... ] in Guatemala , asking about Gómez Carrillo , no body had any information . His own brother , language professor , carries along completely oblivious to his brothers glory [ ... ] and the bookstores do no have any of his works [ ... ] it is easier to find them in Buenos Aires and in Madrid , for sure . In Spain , in the 2010s , there has been a renewed interest in Gómez Carrillos works ; some of his best books have been reprinted and starting in 2014 -with the centennial of World War I- there have been printings of several books with the articles that he wrote about the war for El Liberal of Madrid and La Nación of Buenos Aires .
|
[
"Consuelo Suncín"
] |
easy
|
Who was Enrique Gómez Carrillo 's spouse from 1926 to 1927?
|
/wiki/Enrique_Gómez_Carrillo#P26#2
|
Enrique Gómez Carrillo Enrique Gómez Carrillo ( February 27 , 1873 in Guatemala City – November 29 , 1927 in Paris ) was a Guatemalan literary critic , writer , journalist and diplomat , and the second husband of the Salvadoran-French writer and artist Consuelo Suncin de Sandoval-Cardenas , later Consuelo Suncin , comtesse de Saint Exupéry , who in turn was his third wife ; he had been previously married to intellectual Aurora Caceres and Spanish actress Raquel Meller . He also became famous for his travels , chronicles , bohemian lifestyle and his notorious numerous love affairs . At one point he was falsely accused of being the one that betrayed Mata Hari and gave the famous German spy to the French during World War I . Biography . In 1891 Gómez Carrillo won a scholarship to study in Spain , from then President of Guatemala Manuel Lisandro Barillas . Before moving there , he went to Paris , where he met several writers , such as Paul Verlaine , Moréas and Leconte de Lisle . He subsequently moved to France in 1892 , becoming a journalist for a Spanish newspaper thanks to his close friend the Spanish writer Alfredo Vicenti and becoming acquainted with many Parisian literary figures such as James Joyce , Oscar Wilde and Émile Zola . The following year he published his first book , Esquisses , which includes profiles of several writers of the time , and contributed to several publications . In 1898 he was back in Guatemala , and worked in the election campaign of interim president Manuel Estrada Cabrera , who rewarded him for his work by appointing him consul of Guatemala in Paris . Years later , the Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen also appoints him as a representative of Argentina . In 1895 he became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy . In France , he was awarded several times for his literary work : in 1906 he won the Montyon of the Académie Française for the French translation of his book The Japanese Soul . In 1916 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor , and later promoted to Commander in the same order . Journalism career . Ever since he arrived to Europe , Gómez Carrillo sent his critic and opinion articles to El Liberal , a prestigious Spanish newspaper . Press correspondent . Among the journalists in Europe there were very few that can match him and none better , getting to be known as Prince of the Chroniclers . His massive work production is not known in its entirety because he worked for a lot of different news outlets throughout his life ; the most famous were : 1 . Buenos Aires , Argentina : La Nación and La Razón 2 . La Habana , Cuba : Diario de La Marina 3 . Madrid , Spain : El Liberal -with two thousand six hundred sixty seven articles from 1899 to 1920- , Blanco y Negro , La Esfera , Pluma y Lápiz , Electra , El Imparcial and ABC -with five hundrerd seventy articles from 1921 to 1927- . Among his major contributions were : 1 . A report about Tsarist Russia in 1905 . During a trip to Saint Petersburg along with Alfredo Vincenti , director of El Liberal , he got to know first hand the tremendous reality of Tsar Nicholas II , the orthodox clergy , the student and worker movements , and the officials and nobles repression . After appearing in El Liberal , his news reports were reprinted in his book La Rusia Actual , -The current Russia with an introduction by Alfredo Vicenti . This book was the strongest denounce against the injustices in Russia written in Spanish . Given that it was not written by a politician or a government , it was regarded as an objective and unbiased analysis . 2 . Egypt , Japan and China , also in 1905 . After the victory of the Japanese Empire over the Russians , Gómez Carrillo convinced the director of the newspapers for whom he worked to allow him to visit the Far East . The voyages goal was to inform the readers of El Liberal and La Nación about what was going on in Japan after its victory , the consequence of the war and what was the path of this powerful empire , but his notes not only talk about politics and the social customs of those countries ; they also talk about the erotic customs and traditions of those places . His work appeared in two books : - De Marsella a Tokio , sensaciones de Egipto , la India , la China y el Japón ( From Marseille to Tokio , sensations of Egypt , Indian , China and Japan ) published in 1906 with an introduction written by Rubén Darío . - El Alma Japonesa ( The Japanese soul ) published in 1907 and dedicated to the President of Guatemala , Manuel Estrada Cabrera for making the worship of public instruction a modern religion . When this book was translated into French , the government of France granted him the Cross of the Legion of Honor due to his long , persevering and magnificent propaganda work about the French literary works and culture . 3 . Holy Land : after a trip by the Holy Land in 1913 , Gómez Carrillo wrote his book Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( Jerusalem and the Holy Land ) , which was very well received by the literary critics , but blasted by the religious groups . However , despite the religious criticism , the book was a best-seller in both Spain and Latin America . He was excommunicated by several bishops in both continents , but it was Rubén Darío who summarizes best who triumphed in the end : it is the firmest , most heartfelt and most thought after of all of his work.. . if this devil of a man wanted , even after the excommunication , a cardinal would write introductions for his books ! 4 . World War I : during the first three years of World War I , he worked as press correspondent of El Liberal , and thanks to his detailed chronicles , which came from his courage of getting close to enemy lines , the Spanish readers got to know the horrors of the front . A summary of his articles is found in his books : Crónica de la Guerra ( War Chronicles , 1915 ) , Reflejos de la Tragedia ( Reflections of the Tragedy , 1915 ) , En las Trincheras ( Inside the trenches , 1916 ) , and En el Corazón de la Tragedia ( At the heart of the tragedy , 1916 ) , among others . For his war contributions , the French government granted him the high dignity of Commentator of the Legion of Honor . He was also a skilled interviewer , and his most famous one was with pope Benedict XV during the war ; the Pope accepted to be interviewed by Gómez Carrillo in spite of being a well-known playboy and a heretic writer . In 1916 was appointed as El Liberal director , but could work in that position for a year due to his multiple travels as press correspondent . Magazines . In 1907 he began published the magazine El Nuevo Mercurio ( The new Mercury , which had first class contributions from the best Latin American writers : besides Gómez Carrillo , it had material from Catulle Mendes , Jean Moréas , Ruben Darío , José María Vargas Vila , Miguel de Unamuno , Manuel Ugarte , Amado Nervo , and others . Unfortunately , and despite the quality of its material , the magazine had to close because it did not appeal to the readers . Wives and famous romances . Given his intellectual and physical strengths , Gómez Carrillo was very popular with women , having a long list of affairs with artists , writers , and French socialites . However , there were a handful of ladies that were able -at least for a short while- keep him for themselves : - Alice Freville : French socialite , «charming , smart and very literate» with whom Gómez Carrillo lived a torrid romance when he arrived to Paris for the first time and then when he went to Madrid . Even though they split in 1902 , he used to visit her when he was stressed out and he always looked after her , until her death . - Aurora Cáceres : Peruvian feminist writer , daughter of the former President of Perú general Andrés Avelino Cáceres . They got married on June 6 , 1906 , but his constant mood swings and the unfamiliar Parisian ambiance , the marriage did not last and they split in April 1907 . She later described her life with the writer in her book Mi vida con Enrique Gómez Carrillo -My life with Enrique Gómez Carrillo- . In the book one can feel that she was aloof and that disliked the continuous parties and tourist trips who rather stayed reading at home . She was such a loner , that she like to have two single beds instead of a couples one . - Raquel Meller : in 1917 , Gómez Carrillo met the Spanish flamenco singer , who married him in 1919 after he wooed her in his writings . But then , his condition showed the life of excess he had led : his constant drinking binges and infidelities caused a lot of tension in the marriage . But everything collapsed when Raquel learned that he was wasting away her hard earned money . After a public ugly argument about their finances , they divorced in 1920 . - Consuelo Suncín : French-Salvadorian writer , who studied Literature and Law in México . She travelled to Paris along to her protector , José Vasconcelos . Once in Paris , she fell in love with Gómez Carrillo and married him in 1926 , becoming his widow just eleven months later , when he died of a stroke . Mata Hari scandal . Mata Hari was a famous exotic dancer , who was accused of espionage and then shot by French authorities due to her ties to the German secret services during World War I . Later on , admiral Wilhelm Canaris , German secret service director , told in his autobiography that it was him who betrayed Mata Hari given that her services were not needed anymore . At the time , a rumor that Gómez Carrillo and his wife Raquel Meller were the ones that told the French on Mata Hari -even though at the time Gómez Carrillo had not met Raquel yet- ; Gómez Carrillo took advantage of the scandal to increase his fame and prestige , and even wrote a book on it : El Misterio de la Vida y de la Muerte de Mata Hari -The mystery of Mata Haris life and death- . Maurice Maeterlinck described Gómez Carrillo as a true Renaissance man , living his life to the extreme as a relentless dueler , syphilitic , traveller and correspondent . He died on November 29 , 1927 , and is buried in Pariss Père Lachaise Cemetery ; years later , when Consuelo died , she was buried alongside him ; upon his death , she inherited his two homes in Paris and Cimiez , near Nice . Death . Gómez Carrillo died in París , on 27 November 1927 victim of an aneurysm following years of excess and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery . Next to him are the remains of his last wife , Consuelo , who had become countess of Saint-Exupéry after her third marriage , to French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . Monument in Guatemala City . On 9 July 1941 , by initiative Nicaraguan write Juan Manuel Mendoza , who wrote Gómez Carrillos biography , a Committee pro Enrique Gómez Carrillo Monument was created , and it was in charge of Natalia Górriz de Morales . Among those who worked with the committee were Miguel Ángel Asturias and Federico Hernández de León , who put at the committees service the Diario del Aire broadcasts , and Nuestro Diario newspaper , respectively . Finally , during Dr . Juan José Arévalo presidency , in 1947 the monument was opened to the public in Concordia square , which was renamed as Enrique Gómez Carrillo Park . Monument in Guatemala City General Cemetery . In 1960 a tomb for those famous Guatemalan intellectuals that had died overseas was built in the Guatemala City General Cemetery Unfortunately , due to the coup détat of 1963 that deposed general Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , President of Guatemala and sponsor of this idea , the project was abandoned ; only Antonio José de Irisarri -who died in New York City in 1868 and whose remains were taken back to Guatemala in 1968- and poet Domingo Estrada -who died in Paris in 1901- are buried in the tomb . In the case of Gómez Carrillo , due to the impossibility of getting his remains , his name was inscribed on a plaque in bronze letters . By the end of the 20th century , all the bronze letters had been stolen , the plaque covered with graffiti and the whole place is totally abandoned . Literary works . Gómez Carrillo became the author of nearly eighty books of various genres , and is known primarily for his chronicles ( crónicas ) , characterized by modernist prose . He contributed to numerous publications in Spain , France and Latin America , and headed El Nuevo Mercurio ( 1907 ) and Cosmópolis ( 1919–1922 ) . Gómez Carrillo lived mainly in Madrid and Paris . It was in Madrid where he decided to change his surname from Gomez Tible to Gómez Carrillo , mortified by the joking of others . A tireless traveler , he wrote numerous chronicles that collected his impressions of the places he visited : the enchanting París ( 1902 ) , La Rusia actual ( 1906 ) , La Grecia eterna ( 1908 ) , El Japón heroico y galante ( 1912 ) , La sonrisa de la esfinge ( 1913 ) , Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( 1914 ) and Vistas de Europa ( 1919 ) . He was also the author of several essays , autobiographies and literary criticisms on Art Sensation ( 1893 ) Foreign Literature ( 1895 ) , Modernism ( 1905 ) , Exotic literatures ( 1920 ) , Sappho , and other seductive courtesans ( 1921 ) , The mystery of life and death of Mata Hari ( 1923 ) , The hundred masterpieces of world literature ( 1924 ) and New French literature ( 1927 ) . As for his narrative , immoral novels include Of love , of pain and vice ( 1898 ) , Bohemia sentimental ( 1899 ) , Wonderland ( 1899 , 1922 ) and The Gospel of Love ( 1922 ) . Erotic themes predominates within the aesthetic decadence of his writings . Forgotten in Guatemala . Guatemala is probably the country where Gómez Carrillo is least known , and where the few that do know about his work , are those who criticize it the most . Official cultura curriculum has ignored him , neglecting both his persona and his work . Luis Cardoza y Aragón , has been the direct culprit of this ; in both of his memoirs Cardoza y Aragón wrote complete chapters about Gómez Carrillo where he attacks the writer mercilessly . Cardozas criticism , however , cannot completely hide his resentment and envy toward the writer who visited him in Paris in his youth , and to whom he dedicated his very first poems book . It is until the 21st century that a collection about representative writers in the American continent has published a chapter explaining the deliberate neglect around Gómez Carrillos memory in his home country . The chapter state that : ever since Darío died in 1916 there has been a lot of books about modernism . Generally , they ignore Gómez Carrillo . This musketeer winner in life , has not escaped the destiny of those who indulge in their excesses . Besides , he lacked something critical to accomplish immediate celebrity : loved relatives and a protector government.» Further along , the chapter says : « [ ... ] in Guatemala , asking about Gómez Carrillo , no body had any information . His own brother , language professor , carries along completely oblivious to his brothers glory [ ... ] and the bookstores do no have any of his works [ ... ] it is easier to find them in Buenos Aires and in Madrid , for sure . In Spain , in the 2010s , there has been a renewed interest in Gómez Carrillos works ; some of his best books have been reprinted and starting in 2014 -with the centennial of World War I- there have been printings of several books with the articles that he wrote about the war for El Liberal of Madrid and La Nación of Buenos Aires .
|
[
"National Historic Site of Canada"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Stratford City Hall from Nov 1976 to 1982?
|
/wiki/Stratford_City_Hall#P1435#0
|
Stratford City Hall Stratford City Hall is the city hall of Stratford , Ontario , and a National Historic Site of Canada . It sits amidst the citys business district , on a triangular town square . The original town hall was built in 1856 and incorporated space for market stalls and other stores , in addition to providing space for a concert hall , police station , fire department , and council chambers . The building was destroyed by fire in 1897 . A competition was held for the design of a new city hall , with two winners announced , one incorporating the remains of the previous structure , one for a wholly new building . The latter was selected , and was completed in 1900 . The building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1976 . First town hall . In 1856 , the village of Stratford began building a town hall at the tip of a property it had purchased . The stipulation imposed by Donald McDonald for the sale was the development of a market on the land , so the buildings ground floor was allocated for business market stalls . The Neoclassical building consisted of two floors topped by a cupola and bell tower . The ground floor had market stalls at the rear , and four stores at the front with a central entrance opening to a stairway leading to the upper floor . These stores had cellars , and in 1864 one housed a brewery . Behind them were a police station and a fire department ; the latter moved to another location in 1893 . Above the market stalls was a concert hall , and the upper floor of the front of the building housed the council chamber and municipal offices . A night constable making his rounds in the early morning of 24 November 1897 discovered a fire . He released the prisoners from their cells and raised the fire alarm . The fire was exacerbated by the ignition of gas in a custodial room , and it eventually destroyed the building . New City Hall . The city held two design competitions for a new city hall . The competition reusing the remains of the older structure was won by Alexander Hepburn , a local architect , and the design for a new building was won by George W . King of Toronto . The town held a referendum to determine the final design , which was awarded to King and his associate John Wilson Siddall . They hired local contractors Edmund Cawsey and John Lant Young to erect the building . On 2 November 1898 , the foundation stone was installed , and in 1900 the building was opened . It is located on a triangular town square . In March 2016 , the city held an open house displaying three proposals to redevelop the land behind the building . The committee selected a proposal by GSP Group , which was approved later at the end of March , and construction began in December 2016 . Structure . Built in the Jacobean end of the Queen Anne Revival style , the building exhibits an eclectic combination of features , including gables in Flemish Renaissance style , a classical cupola , and panelled chimneys . Each end of the building has a dodecagonal base , the central portion a hexagon , and the clock tower a circle . A restoration completed in 1974 updated the auditorium and increased office space . The exterior brickwork is a dark red , and was the third choice for the building . The architects had planned on using a buff-coloured brick , and city councillors preferred the pale colour of the original town hall . The red was chosen after a local brickyard over-fired its white bricks . The trim is in sandstone , and the large plinth is limestone . The main entrance is flanked by two terracotta seals , one depicting a train symbolizing industry , and the other depicting a beehive symbolizing enterprise , mounted in pilasters . Above the door is a semi-circular arch window framed by a banded voussoir . National Historic Site . The building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on 6 November 1976 , and in 1982 , it was designated under the Ontario Heritage Act . Legacy . The building was used on the cover of a book about Canadian town halls published by Parks Canada . It was described by architect Robert Fairfield , who designed the Stratford Festival Theatre , as a splendid municipal building . A proposal to demolish the building and replace it with a ten-storey hotel surmounted by a revolving restaurant was made by the citys mayor C.H . Meier in 1967 . City council agreed to demolish the building in 1969 , but received a petition from the newly formed Save the City Hall League to retain it . By 1972 , the plans for the hotel were withdrawn . Some members of Save the City Hall League would go on to form Heritage Stratford , the citys heritage committee . In 2015 , a local filmmaker proposed upgrading the auditorium for use as a digital art cinema .
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Stratford City Hall from 1982 to Dec 1986?
|
/wiki/Stratford_City_Hall#P1435#1
|
Stratford City Hall Stratford City Hall is the city hall of Stratford , Ontario , and a National Historic Site of Canada . It sits amidst the citys business district , on a triangular town square . The original town hall was built in 1856 and incorporated space for market stalls and other stores , in addition to providing space for a concert hall , police station , fire department , and council chambers . The building was destroyed by fire in 1897 . A competition was held for the design of a new city hall , with two winners announced , one incorporating the remains of the previous structure , one for a wholly new building . The latter was selected , and was completed in 1900 . The building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1976 . First town hall . In 1856 , the village of Stratford began building a town hall at the tip of a property it had purchased . The stipulation imposed by Donald McDonald for the sale was the development of a market on the land , so the buildings ground floor was allocated for business market stalls . The Neoclassical building consisted of two floors topped by a cupola and bell tower . The ground floor had market stalls at the rear , and four stores at the front with a central entrance opening to a stairway leading to the upper floor . These stores had cellars , and in 1864 one housed a brewery . Behind them were a police station and a fire department ; the latter moved to another location in 1893 . Above the market stalls was a concert hall , and the upper floor of the front of the building housed the council chamber and municipal offices . A night constable making his rounds in the early morning of 24 November 1897 discovered a fire . He released the prisoners from their cells and raised the fire alarm . The fire was exacerbated by the ignition of gas in a custodial room , and it eventually destroyed the building . New City Hall . The city held two design competitions for a new city hall . The competition reusing the remains of the older structure was won by Alexander Hepburn , a local architect , and the design for a new building was won by George W . King of Toronto . The town held a referendum to determine the final design , which was awarded to King and his associate John Wilson Siddall . They hired local contractors Edmund Cawsey and John Lant Young to erect the building . On 2 November 1898 , the foundation stone was installed , and in 1900 the building was opened . It is located on a triangular town square . In March 2016 , the city held an open house displaying three proposals to redevelop the land behind the building . The committee selected a proposal by GSP Group , which was approved later at the end of March , and construction began in December 2016 . Structure . Built in the Jacobean end of the Queen Anne Revival style , the building exhibits an eclectic combination of features , including gables in Flemish Renaissance style , a classical cupola , and panelled chimneys . Each end of the building has a dodecagonal base , the central portion a hexagon , and the clock tower a circle . A restoration completed in 1974 updated the auditorium and increased office space . The exterior brickwork is a dark red , and was the third choice for the building . The architects had planned on using a buff-coloured brick , and city councillors preferred the pale colour of the original town hall . The red was chosen after a local brickyard over-fired its white bricks . The trim is in sandstone , and the large plinth is limestone . The main entrance is flanked by two terracotta seals , one depicting a train symbolizing industry , and the other depicting a beehive symbolizing enterprise , mounted in pilasters . Above the door is a semi-circular arch window framed by a banded voussoir . National Historic Site . The building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada on 6 November 1976 , and in 1982 , it was designated under the Ontario Heritage Act . Legacy . The building was used on the cover of a book about Canadian town halls published by Parks Canada . It was described by architect Robert Fairfield , who designed the Stratford Festival Theatre , as a splendid municipal building . A proposal to demolish the building and replace it with a ten-storey hotel surmounted by a revolving restaurant was made by the citys mayor C.H . Meier in 1967 . City council agreed to demolish the building in 1969 , but received a petition from the newly formed Save the City Hall League to retain it . By 1972 , the plans for the hotel were withdrawn . Some members of Save the City Hall League would go on to form Heritage Stratford , the citys heritage committee . In 2015 , a local filmmaker proposed upgrading the auditorium for use as a digital art cinema .
|
[
"Emily Carr Arts Centre"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Emily Carr House from Oct 1964 to Nov 1973?
|
/wiki/Emily_Carr_House#P1435#0
|
Emily Carr House Carr House is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Victoria , British Columbia . It was the childhood home of Canadian painter Emily Carr , and had a lasting impression on her paintings and writings . Early history . Built in 1863 for the affluent Carr family , the house address was originally 44 Carr Street on a large property owned by Emily Carrs father , Richard . The building was designed in an Italianate style by prominent local architects Wright & Sanders , who also built another Victorian National Historic Site , the Fisgard Lighthouse . The area was the heart of 19th century Victoria , with many other merchants , businessmen , and politicians such as the Dunsmuirs living in the area , many of whom commissioned other important buildings , such as Helmcken House . Structurally , the building is an excellent and well-preserved heritage example of the Italianate villa style popular at the time . The site is most notable for its association with Emily Carr ; artist and writer . Born in 1871 , Carr spent much of her life within walking distance of her family home , and the environment left a lasting impression on her which is mentioned in all of her books . In The Book of Small , a young Emily offers a description of Carr street , and her house , as it appeared around 1880 : Our street was called Carr Street after my Father . We had a very nice house and a lovely garden.. . Carr Street was a very fine street . The dirt road waved up and down and in and out . the horses made it that way , zigzagging the carts and carriages through it . The rest of the street was green grass and wild roses . [ ... ] In front of our place Father had made a gravel walk but after our trees stopped there were just two planks to walk on . As far back as I can remember Fathers place was all made and in order . The house was large and well-built , of Californian redwood , the garden prim and carefully tended . Everything about it was extremely English . It was as though Father had buried tremendous homesickness in this new soil and it had rooted and sprung up English . There were hawthorn hedges , primrose banks , and cow pastures with shrubberies . Emily lived in the house for most of her childhood , before leaving to pursue artistic training in San Francisco , London and Paris . Her fathers death in 1888 left ownership of the farm to her elder sister , Edith Carr , who divided up the estate into lots which were sold off , with the Carr sisters retaining five of them . Upon her return to Victoria in 1913 , Emily built her own house adjacent to Carr House at 646 Simcoe Street . Her time here was immortalized in her book The House of All Sorts — the structure still stands to this day and contains a mural she painted on the attic roof in the style of First Nations . Her sisters Edith and Alice also built houses surrounding Carr House — Alice Carr House was run like a kindergarten by Alice , and Emily occasionally held art lessons in the building . Later history and restoration . Carr House passed through the Carr family for several years , before being sold to a private owner for use as a rental property . The building was extensively modernized following a fire in 1938 . In 1964 , MP David Groos saved the building from demolition and turned it over to the Emily Carr Foundation three years later , for use as an art gallery and school known as the Emily Carr Arts Centre . In 1976 , the provincial government purchased the property , and helped return the building to its original condition . The building was extensively restored by two different architects , undoing many of the additions and modernizations that had been added to the house since the 19th century . The wood finishes , mentioned by Carr , were restored from scratch , while the exterior of the house was returned to its original design and color using period photos from Emily Carrs lifetime . The interior of the house is faithful to the original , following the painstaking removal of layers of newer paint and wallpaper to discover the original pattern and colors used inside . Most of the original artifacts in the home have long-since been replaced ; however , a handful have been recovered and restored . The Carr family Bible was recovered , along with some of the original pieces of hardware for the doors and windows . Most items from the house have been replaced with replicas , or other period artifacts — such as the piano in parlour , which was originally owned by neighbours of the Carr family . Carr House is currently a cultural centre celebrating Emily Carrs life through seasonal tours , rotating exhibits , programming and events . It is operated by a site manager and owned by the Province of British Columbia . Carr House is located at 207 Government Street , six blocks from Victorias Inner Harbour and the Parliament Buildings . In addition to the heritage rooms Carr House is surrounded by a Victorian styled garden . During the summer season Carr House is open for tours by appointment . Programming and events take place during the rest of the year , building upon themes of Emily Carrs life such as art and environmentalism , respect for First Nations Communities , feminism , and mentorship of emerging artists and writers . Heritage preservation and gardening workshops are also offered .
|
[
"Province of British Columbia"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Emily Carr House from Nov 1973 to 1980?
|
/wiki/Emily_Carr_House#P1435#1
|
Emily Carr House Carr House is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Victoria , British Columbia . It was the childhood home of Canadian painter Emily Carr , and had a lasting impression on her paintings and writings . Early history . Built in 1863 for the affluent Carr family , the house address was originally 44 Carr Street on a large property owned by Emily Carrs father , Richard . The building was designed in an Italianate style by prominent local architects Wright & Sanders , who also built another Victorian National Historic Site , the Fisgard Lighthouse . The area was the heart of 19th century Victoria , with many other merchants , businessmen , and politicians such as the Dunsmuirs living in the area , many of whom commissioned other important buildings , such as Helmcken House . Structurally , the building is an excellent and well-preserved heritage example of the Italianate villa style popular at the time . The site is most notable for its association with Emily Carr ; artist and writer . Born in 1871 , Carr spent much of her life within walking distance of her family home , and the environment left a lasting impression on her which is mentioned in all of her books . In The Book of Small , a young Emily offers a description of Carr street , and her house , as it appeared around 1880 : Our street was called Carr Street after my Father . We had a very nice house and a lovely garden.. . Carr Street was a very fine street . The dirt road waved up and down and in and out . the horses made it that way , zigzagging the carts and carriages through it . The rest of the street was green grass and wild roses . [ ... ] In front of our place Father had made a gravel walk but after our trees stopped there were just two planks to walk on . As far back as I can remember Fathers place was all made and in order . The house was large and well-built , of Californian redwood , the garden prim and carefully tended . Everything about it was extremely English . It was as though Father had buried tremendous homesickness in this new soil and it had rooted and sprung up English . There were hawthorn hedges , primrose banks , and cow pastures with shrubberies . Emily lived in the house for most of her childhood , before leaving to pursue artistic training in San Francisco , London and Paris . Her fathers death in 1888 left ownership of the farm to her elder sister , Edith Carr , who divided up the estate into lots which were sold off , with the Carr sisters retaining five of them . Upon her return to Victoria in 1913 , Emily built her own house adjacent to Carr House at 646 Simcoe Street . Her time here was immortalized in her book The House of All Sorts — the structure still stands to this day and contains a mural she painted on the attic roof in the style of First Nations . Her sisters Edith and Alice also built houses surrounding Carr House — Alice Carr House was run like a kindergarten by Alice , and Emily occasionally held art lessons in the building . Later history and restoration . Carr House passed through the Carr family for several years , before being sold to a private owner for use as a rental property . The building was extensively modernized following a fire in 1938 . In 1964 , MP David Groos saved the building from demolition and turned it over to the Emily Carr Foundation three years later , for use as an art gallery and school known as the Emily Carr Arts Centre . In 1976 , the provincial government purchased the property , and helped return the building to its original condition . The building was extensively restored by two different architects , undoing many of the additions and modernizations that had been added to the house since the 19th century . The wood finishes , mentioned by Carr , were restored from scratch , while the exterior of the house was returned to its original design and color using period photos from Emily Carrs lifetime . The interior of the house is faithful to the original , following the painstaking removal of layers of newer paint and wallpaper to discover the original pattern and colors used inside . Most of the original artifacts in the home have long-since been replaced ; however , a handful have been recovered and restored . The Carr family Bible was recovered , along with some of the original pieces of hardware for the doors and windows . Most items from the house have been replaced with replicas , or other period artifacts — such as the piano in parlour , which was originally owned by neighbours of the Carr family . Carr House is currently a cultural centre celebrating Emily Carrs life through seasonal tours , rotating exhibits , programming and events . It is operated by a site manager and owned by the Province of British Columbia . Carr House is located at 207 Government Street , six blocks from Victorias Inner Harbour and the Parliament Buildings . In addition to the heritage rooms Carr House is surrounded by a Victorian styled garden . During the summer season Carr House is open for tours by appointment . Programming and events take place during the rest of the year , building upon themes of Emily Carrs life such as art and environmentalism , respect for First Nations Communities , feminism , and mentorship of emerging artists and writers . Heritage preservation and gardening workshops are also offered .
|
[
"207 Government Street"
] |
easy
|
Which site was the heritage designation of Emily Carr House from 1980 to 1981?
|
/wiki/Emily_Carr_House#P1435#2
|
Emily Carr House Carr House is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Victoria , British Columbia . It was the childhood home of Canadian painter Emily Carr , and had a lasting impression on her paintings and writings . Early history . Built in 1863 for the affluent Carr family , the house address was originally 44 Carr Street on a large property owned by Emily Carrs father , Richard . The building was designed in an Italianate style by prominent local architects Wright & Sanders , who also built another Victorian National Historic Site , the Fisgard Lighthouse . The area was the heart of 19th century Victoria , with many other merchants , businessmen , and politicians such as the Dunsmuirs living in the area , many of whom commissioned other important buildings , such as Helmcken House . Structurally , the building is an excellent and well-preserved heritage example of the Italianate villa style popular at the time . The site is most notable for its association with Emily Carr ; artist and writer . Born in 1871 , Carr spent much of her life within walking distance of her family home , and the environment left a lasting impression on her which is mentioned in all of her books . In The Book of Small , a young Emily offers a description of Carr street , and her house , as it appeared around 1880 : Our street was called Carr Street after my Father . We had a very nice house and a lovely garden.. . Carr Street was a very fine street . The dirt road waved up and down and in and out . the horses made it that way , zigzagging the carts and carriages through it . The rest of the street was green grass and wild roses . [ ... ] In front of our place Father had made a gravel walk but after our trees stopped there were just two planks to walk on . As far back as I can remember Fathers place was all made and in order . The house was large and well-built , of Californian redwood , the garden prim and carefully tended . Everything about it was extremely English . It was as though Father had buried tremendous homesickness in this new soil and it had rooted and sprung up English . There were hawthorn hedges , primrose banks , and cow pastures with shrubberies . Emily lived in the house for most of her childhood , before leaving to pursue artistic training in San Francisco , London and Paris . Her fathers death in 1888 left ownership of the farm to her elder sister , Edith Carr , who divided up the estate into lots which were sold off , with the Carr sisters retaining five of them . Upon her return to Victoria in 1913 , Emily built her own house adjacent to Carr House at 646 Simcoe Street . Her time here was immortalized in her book The House of All Sorts — the structure still stands to this day and contains a mural she painted on the attic roof in the style of First Nations . Her sisters Edith and Alice also built houses surrounding Carr House — Alice Carr House was run like a kindergarten by Alice , and Emily occasionally held art lessons in the building . Later history and restoration . Carr House passed through the Carr family for several years , before being sold to a private owner for use as a rental property . The building was extensively modernized following a fire in 1938 . In 1964 , MP David Groos saved the building from demolition and turned it over to the Emily Carr Foundation three years later , for use as an art gallery and school known as the Emily Carr Arts Centre . In 1976 , the provincial government purchased the property , and helped return the building to its original condition . The building was extensively restored by two different architects , undoing many of the additions and modernizations that had been added to the house since the 19th century . The wood finishes , mentioned by Carr , were restored from scratch , while the exterior of the house was returned to its original design and color using period photos from Emily Carrs lifetime . The interior of the house is faithful to the original , following the painstaking removal of layers of newer paint and wallpaper to discover the original pattern and colors used inside . Most of the original artifacts in the home have long-since been replaced ; however , a handful have been recovered and restored . The Carr family Bible was recovered , along with some of the original pieces of hardware for the doors and windows . Most items from the house have been replaced with replicas , or other period artifacts — such as the piano in parlour , which was originally owned by neighbours of the Carr family . Carr House is currently a cultural centre celebrating Emily Carrs life through seasonal tours , rotating exhibits , programming and events . It is operated by a site manager and owned by the Province of British Columbia . Carr House is located at 207 Government Street , six blocks from Victorias Inner Harbour and the Parliament Buildings . In addition to the heritage rooms Carr House is surrounded by a Victorian styled garden . During the summer season Carr House is open for tours by appointment . Programming and events take place during the rest of the year , building upon themes of Emily Carrs life such as art and environmentalism , respect for First Nations Communities , feminism , and mentorship of emerging artists and writers . Heritage preservation and gardening workshops are also offered .
|
[
"Hradec Králové"
] |
easy
|
Which team did the player Vratislav Lokvenc belong to from 1992 to 1994?
|
/wiki/Vratislav_Lokvenc#P54#0
|
Vratislav Lokvenc Vratislav Lokvenc ( , born 27 September 1973 ) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a striker . After playing youth football for Náchod and Hradec Králové , he began his senior club career with the latter team . After moving to Sparta Prague he won five league titles and one cup , as well as the 1999–2000 league top scorer award . He subsequently played abroad , playing club football in Germany , Austria and Switzerland for 1 . FC Kaiserslautern , VfL Bochum , Red Bull Salzburg , FC Basel and FC Ingolstadt 04 . He retired in 2009 . Lokvenc played international football for the Czech Republic . He played at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup before going on to take part in three major competitions . He made three substitute appearances at Euro 2000 and played in one game at Euro 2004 . His last international tournament was the 2006 World Cup , where he played in two group matches before missing the third through suspension . The Czech Republic did not qualify for the next round of the competition and Lokvenc subsequently retired from international football in 2006 . Club career . Early success . Lokvenc was born into a football family ; his father , also named Vratislav Lokvenc , played club football for FK Ústí nad Labem in the second football league of Czechoslovakia and later Náchod . Born in 1973 , Lokvenc started his professional career during the 1992–93 season with Hradec Králové , joining Sparta Prague in October 1994 . He featured in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup for Sparta , scoring the first goal and providing the pass for the second in a 2–1 win against Danish club Silkeborg IF , whereby Sparta qualified on the away goals rule for the second round . He scored a goal shortly after entering the game as a substitute in a first round match of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup against Austrian side Sturm Graz ; the match finished 2–2 . Lokvenc spent six seasons at Sparta Prague , with whom he won five league titles and the 1995–96 Czech Cup . In March 2000 , in a match against České Budějovice , Lokvenc scored four times for Sparta as the match finished 4–1 . In doing so he became the third player in the Czech era to score four times in the same match , after Josef Obajdin and Robert Vágner . Lokvenc scored twice in the Prague derby match against Slavia Prague in May 2000 , in a 5–1 win which secured the league title for Sparta . He was top scorer of the Czech First League in the 1999–2000 season with 22 goals , tying the league record , which stood until David Lafata scored 25 goals during the 2011–12 season . Germany . Lokvenc joined 1 . FC Kaiserslautern of the German Bundesliga in 2000 , agreeing to the move before the 2000 European Championship . Around the same time , a daughter was born to Lokvenc in May 2000 . He scored six goals in an 11–1 friendly match win against an amateur side before the start of the season . In December 2000 Lokvenc scored in the UEFA Cup against Rangers , helping his team qualify for the last 16 of the competition . In the following round Kaiserslautern were paired with Slavia Prague ; after the first match had finished goalless , Lokvenc scored the only goal in the second leg of their two-legged tie to eliminate the Czech team . He scored a hat-trick in the 2002–03 DFB-Pokal quarter-final against Bochum , a game which finished 3–3 but was won by Kaiserslautern after a penalty shoot-out . Lokvenc played in the final of the competition at the end of May 2003 , but his side were beaten 3–1 by league winners Bayern Munich as the latter claimed the double . Kaiserslautern announced that Lokvenc would be sold in April 2004 , citing his salary demands as reasons for his sale . He joined VfL Bochum of the Bundesliga in the summer of 2004 , agreeing the transfer before the European Championships . Bochum were relegated from the league after 33 games of the 34-game season , with Lokvenc scoring his tenth goal of the season in a 2–0 win at third placed Stuttgart . Late career . Lokvenc signed for Red Bull Salzburg in the summer of 2005 , rejecting offers from Portsmouth and Hertha Berlin . He described his move to Salzburg as the best transfer of my life , arriving around the same time as Germany national team players Thomas Linke and Alexander Zickler . Lokvenc only played four league matches in his first season with the club before requiring surgery on an injury to his right knee in November . He returned to the team in May 2006 , taking part in a match for the first time since July 2005 , as he made an appearance as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss against Pasching . The club finished the season as league runners-up , behind Austria Vienna . Lokvenc scored his first league goal of the 2006–07 Austrian Football Bundesliga in a December match against Altach , levelling the scores as the game finished 1–1 . The club went on to win the league in April 2007 with five matches of the season remaining . In October 2007 Lokvenc scored the only goal in Salzburgs 1–0 UEFA Cup first round win against AEK Athens This was not enough for his team to advance , having lost 3–0 in the first leg of their two-legged tie . Lokvenc featured less for Salzburg in the 2007–08 season , prompting him to join Swiss Super League team Basel on loan in February 2008 for the remainder of the season . He scored in Basels 1–0 semi-final Swiss Cup victory against Thun . The club went on to win the 2008 league championship title and the 2008 Swiss Cup . Lokvenc returned to Germany in the summer of 2008 , joining Ingolstadt of the 2 . Bundesliga . On August 17 , 2008 , the Czech played his first competitive match for FC Ingolstadt in a 3–2 victory against SpVgg Greuther Fürth on the first matchday of the second German Bundesliga . Lokvenc scored his first two goals on 5 October 2008 in a 4–2 win on the seventh matchday against Hansa Rostock ( a relegated team from the Bundesliga ) . Vratislav Lokvenc played in 23 games and scored six goals . Nevertheless , FC Ingolstadt relegated from the second German Bundesliga at the end of the season . After the relegation , Lokvenc left the Bavarians and retires . Post-playing career . After finishing his professional playing career , Lokvenc worked as a scout in the Czech Republic and Slovakia for his former team , Basel . He also played football in the amateur Czech Fourth Division for Union Čelákovice . He continued to be physically active after his football career , taking part in the 2010 Prague Half Marathon in the same field as former international teammate Pavel Nedvěd . He was again involved in the Prague Half Marathon in 2015 , taking part in a relay alongside Nedvěd , fellow footballer Tomáš Hübschman and 2014 Miss Czech Republic , Tereza Skoumalová . International career . Lokvenc represented his country at under-21 level , scoring seven goals in 13 matches between 1993 and 1995 . He first played for the senior Czech national team in 1995 . Lokvenc was part of the Czech Republic squad at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup in Saudi Arabia . He took part as a substitute in the group stage match against United Arab Emirates and started the third place play-off game versus Uruguay , which the Czech Republic won to finish third overall in the tournament . Euro 2000 . At Euro 2000 , Lokvenc made a substitute appearance in the Czech Republics opening game against the Netherlands , replacing Pavel Nedvěd after 89 minutes as the match resulted in a 1–0 win for the Dutch . He replaced Radek Bejbl in the second group match , against France , coming on after 49 minutes in the 2–1 loss . Lokvenc appeared in the third group match against Denmark , although due to both teams having lost both of their previous matches , neither team could advance to the next round of the competition . He came on after 79 minutes , replacing Vladimír Šmicer in a 2–0 win for his nation . Euro 2004 . Lokvenc scored twice as a substitute in a June 2003 qualification match against Moldova , scoring both goals with his head in a 5–0 win for his country . He played in one match at Euro 2004 . He started the group match against Germany among a group of players which was described by the BBC as very much a Czech second string , but failed to score and was replaced by Milan Baroš after 59 minutes . The Czech Republic won the match , 2–1 . 2006 World Cup . During the qualification process for the forthcoming World Cup , Lokvenc scored five goals for his country . In a November 2004 match , away at Macedonia , he entered the game in the 76th minute as a substitute for Zdeněk Grygera with the game goalless . He scored the first goal of the game with his head , before Jan Koller made the score 2–0 to win the match . In March 2005 , Lokvenc again scored the deciding goal , this time against Finland in Teplice . In a game in which the Czechs had led 3–1 , Finland scored twice to level the scores , however Lokvenc made the score 4–3 with three minutes remaining . Four days later , Lokvenc scored another goal , heading in a cross from Baroš , in a 4–0 away win against Andorra . In June of the same year , Lokvenc scored the first and last goals for his nation in an 8–1 home win , also against Andorra . At the 2006 World Cup , Lokvenc replaced the injured Jan Koller as a substitute in the first group match , against the USA . He didnt score but received a yellow card as his nation won 3–0 . He started the second group match , against Ghana , in the absence of fellow strikers Koller and Baroš due to injury . He received another yellow card in the match , which Ghana won 2–0 . Due to having received two yellow cards , he was suspended for his countrys final group match , against Italy . The Czech Republic lost to Italy and therefore failed to progress to the next stage of the competition . Lokvenc announced his retirement from international football in September 2006 , becoming the third player from the World Cup team to retire after Karel Poborský and Pavel Nedvěd . He finished his international career with figures of 14 goals in 74 matches . Style of play . Lokvenc was particularly noted for his height , being referred to as a towering forward , and having a similar aerial threat to international teammate Jan Koller . His strength was noted as another of his assets . Honours . Club . - Sparta Prague - Czech First League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 1998–99 , 1999–2000 . - Czech Cup : 1996 - Kaiserslautern - DFB-Pokal Runner-up : 2002–03 - Salzburg - Austrian Football Bundesliga : 2006–07 ; Runner-up : 2005–06 - Basel - Swiss Super League : 2007–08 - Swiss Cup : 2007–08 Country . - Czech Republic - FIFA Confederations Cup : Third place 1997 Individual . - Top scorer of the Czech First League : 1999–2000
|
[
"Sparta Prague"
] |
easy
|
Which team did Vratislav Lokvenc play for from 1994 to 2000?
|
/wiki/Vratislav_Lokvenc#P54#1
|
Vratislav Lokvenc Vratislav Lokvenc ( , born 27 September 1973 ) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a striker . After playing youth football for Náchod and Hradec Králové , he began his senior club career with the latter team . After moving to Sparta Prague he won five league titles and one cup , as well as the 1999–2000 league top scorer award . He subsequently played abroad , playing club football in Germany , Austria and Switzerland for 1 . FC Kaiserslautern , VfL Bochum , Red Bull Salzburg , FC Basel and FC Ingolstadt 04 . He retired in 2009 . Lokvenc played international football for the Czech Republic . He played at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup before going on to take part in three major competitions . He made three substitute appearances at Euro 2000 and played in one game at Euro 2004 . His last international tournament was the 2006 World Cup , where he played in two group matches before missing the third through suspension . The Czech Republic did not qualify for the next round of the competition and Lokvenc subsequently retired from international football in 2006 . Club career . Early success . Lokvenc was born into a football family ; his father , also named Vratislav Lokvenc , played club football for FK Ústí nad Labem in the second football league of Czechoslovakia and later Náchod . Born in 1973 , Lokvenc started his professional career during the 1992–93 season with Hradec Králové , joining Sparta Prague in October 1994 . He featured in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup for Sparta , scoring the first goal and providing the pass for the second in a 2–1 win against Danish club Silkeborg IF , whereby Sparta qualified on the away goals rule for the second round . He scored a goal shortly after entering the game as a substitute in a first round match of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup against Austrian side Sturm Graz ; the match finished 2–2 . Lokvenc spent six seasons at Sparta Prague , with whom he won five league titles and the 1995–96 Czech Cup . In March 2000 , in a match against České Budějovice , Lokvenc scored four times for Sparta as the match finished 4–1 . In doing so he became the third player in the Czech era to score four times in the same match , after Josef Obajdin and Robert Vágner . Lokvenc scored twice in the Prague derby match against Slavia Prague in May 2000 , in a 5–1 win which secured the league title for Sparta . He was top scorer of the Czech First League in the 1999–2000 season with 22 goals , tying the league record , which stood until David Lafata scored 25 goals during the 2011–12 season . Germany . Lokvenc joined 1 . FC Kaiserslautern of the German Bundesliga in 2000 , agreeing to the move before the 2000 European Championship . Around the same time , a daughter was born to Lokvenc in May 2000 . He scored six goals in an 11–1 friendly match win against an amateur side before the start of the season . In December 2000 Lokvenc scored in the UEFA Cup against Rangers , helping his team qualify for the last 16 of the competition . In the following round Kaiserslautern were paired with Slavia Prague ; after the first match had finished goalless , Lokvenc scored the only goal in the second leg of their two-legged tie to eliminate the Czech team . He scored a hat-trick in the 2002–03 DFB-Pokal quarter-final against Bochum , a game which finished 3–3 but was won by Kaiserslautern after a penalty shoot-out . Lokvenc played in the final of the competition at the end of May 2003 , but his side were beaten 3–1 by league winners Bayern Munich as the latter claimed the double . Kaiserslautern announced that Lokvenc would be sold in April 2004 , citing his salary demands as reasons for his sale . He joined VfL Bochum of the Bundesliga in the summer of 2004 , agreeing the transfer before the European Championships . Bochum were relegated from the league after 33 games of the 34-game season , with Lokvenc scoring his tenth goal of the season in a 2–0 win at third placed Stuttgart . Late career . Lokvenc signed for Red Bull Salzburg in the summer of 2005 , rejecting offers from Portsmouth and Hertha Berlin . He described his move to Salzburg as the best transfer of my life , arriving around the same time as Germany national team players Thomas Linke and Alexander Zickler . Lokvenc only played four league matches in his first season with the club before requiring surgery on an injury to his right knee in November . He returned to the team in May 2006 , taking part in a match for the first time since July 2005 , as he made an appearance as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss against Pasching . The club finished the season as league runners-up , behind Austria Vienna . Lokvenc scored his first league goal of the 2006–07 Austrian Football Bundesliga in a December match against Altach , levelling the scores as the game finished 1–1 . The club went on to win the league in April 2007 with five matches of the season remaining . In October 2007 Lokvenc scored the only goal in Salzburgs 1–0 UEFA Cup first round win against AEK Athens This was not enough for his team to advance , having lost 3–0 in the first leg of their two-legged tie . Lokvenc featured less for Salzburg in the 2007–08 season , prompting him to join Swiss Super League team Basel on loan in February 2008 for the remainder of the season . He scored in Basels 1–0 semi-final Swiss Cup victory against Thun . The club went on to win the 2008 league championship title and the 2008 Swiss Cup . Lokvenc returned to Germany in the summer of 2008 , joining Ingolstadt of the 2 . Bundesliga . On August 17 , 2008 , the Czech played his first competitive match for FC Ingolstadt in a 3–2 victory against SpVgg Greuther Fürth on the first matchday of the second German Bundesliga . Lokvenc scored his first two goals on 5 October 2008 in a 4–2 win on the seventh matchday against Hansa Rostock ( a relegated team from the Bundesliga ) . Vratislav Lokvenc played in 23 games and scored six goals . Nevertheless , FC Ingolstadt relegated from the second German Bundesliga at the end of the season . After the relegation , Lokvenc left the Bavarians and retires . Post-playing career . After finishing his professional playing career , Lokvenc worked as a scout in the Czech Republic and Slovakia for his former team , Basel . He also played football in the amateur Czech Fourth Division for Union Čelákovice . He continued to be physically active after his football career , taking part in the 2010 Prague Half Marathon in the same field as former international teammate Pavel Nedvěd . He was again involved in the Prague Half Marathon in 2015 , taking part in a relay alongside Nedvěd , fellow footballer Tomáš Hübschman and 2014 Miss Czech Republic , Tereza Skoumalová . International career . Lokvenc represented his country at under-21 level , scoring seven goals in 13 matches between 1993 and 1995 . He first played for the senior Czech national team in 1995 . Lokvenc was part of the Czech Republic squad at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup in Saudi Arabia . He took part as a substitute in the group stage match against United Arab Emirates and started the third place play-off game versus Uruguay , which the Czech Republic won to finish third overall in the tournament . Euro 2000 . At Euro 2000 , Lokvenc made a substitute appearance in the Czech Republics opening game against the Netherlands , replacing Pavel Nedvěd after 89 minutes as the match resulted in a 1–0 win for the Dutch . He replaced Radek Bejbl in the second group match , against France , coming on after 49 minutes in the 2–1 loss . Lokvenc appeared in the third group match against Denmark , although due to both teams having lost both of their previous matches , neither team could advance to the next round of the competition . He came on after 79 minutes , replacing Vladimír Šmicer in a 2–0 win for his nation . Euro 2004 . Lokvenc scored twice as a substitute in a June 2003 qualification match against Moldova , scoring both goals with his head in a 5–0 win for his country . He played in one match at Euro 2004 . He started the group match against Germany among a group of players which was described by the BBC as very much a Czech second string , but failed to score and was replaced by Milan Baroš after 59 minutes . The Czech Republic won the match , 2–1 . 2006 World Cup . During the qualification process for the forthcoming World Cup , Lokvenc scored five goals for his country . In a November 2004 match , away at Macedonia , he entered the game in the 76th minute as a substitute for Zdeněk Grygera with the game goalless . He scored the first goal of the game with his head , before Jan Koller made the score 2–0 to win the match . In March 2005 , Lokvenc again scored the deciding goal , this time against Finland in Teplice . In a game in which the Czechs had led 3–1 , Finland scored twice to level the scores , however Lokvenc made the score 4–3 with three minutes remaining . Four days later , Lokvenc scored another goal , heading in a cross from Baroš , in a 4–0 away win against Andorra . In June of the same year , Lokvenc scored the first and last goals for his nation in an 8–1 home win , also against Andorra . At the 2006 World Cup , Lokvenc replaced the injured Jan Koller as a substitute in the first group match , against the USA . He didnt score but received a yellow card as his nation won 3–0 . He started the second group match , against Ghana , in the absence of fellow strikers Koller and Baroš due to injury . He received another yellow card in the match , which Ghana won 2–0 . Due to having received two yellow cards , he was suspended for his countrys final group match , against Italy . The Czech Republic lost to Italy and therefore failed to progress to the next stage of the competition . Lokvenc announced his retirement from international football in September 2006 , becoming the third player from the World Cup team to retire after Karel Poborský and Pavel Nedvěd . He finished his international career with figures of 14 goals in 74 matches . Style of play . Lokvenc was particularly noted for his height , being referred to as a towering forward , and having a similar aerial threat to international teammate Jan Koller . His strength was noted as another of his assets . Honours . Club . - Sparta Prague - Czech First League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 1998–99 , 1999–2000 . - Czech Cup : 1996 - Kaiserslautern - DFB-Pokal Runner-up : 2002–03 - Salzburg - Austrian Football Bundesliga : 2006–07 ; Runner-up : 2005–06 - Basel - Swiss Super League : 2007–08 - Swiss Cup : 2007–08 Country . - Czech Republic - FIFA Confederations Cup : Third place 1997 Individual . - Top scorer of the Czech First League : 1999–2000
|
[
"FC Kaiserslautern"
] |
easy
|
Vratislav Lokvenc played for which team from 2000 to 2005?
|
/wiki/Vratislav_Lokvenc#P54#2
|
Vratislav Lokvenc Vratislav Lokvenc ( , born 27 September 1973 ) is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a striker . After playing youth football for Náchod and Hradec Králové , he began his senior club career with the latter team . After moving to Sparta Prague he won five league titles and one cup , as well as the 1999–2000 league top scorer award . He subsequently played abroad , playing club football in Germany , Austria and Switzerland for 1 . FC Kaiserslautern , VfL Bochum , Red Bull Salzburg , FC Basel and FC Ingolstadt 04 . He retired in 2009 . Lokvenc played international football for the Czech Republic . He played at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup before going on to take part in three major competitions . He made three substitute appearances at Euro 2000 and played in one game at Euro 2004 . His last international tournament was the 2006 World Cup , where he played in two group matches before missing the third through suspension . The Czech Republic did not qualify for the next round of the competition and Lokvenc subsequently retired from international football in 2006 . Club career . Early success . Lokvenc was born into a football family ; his father , also named Vratislav Lokvenc , played club football for FK Ústí nad Labem in the second football league of Czechoslovakia and later Náchod . Born in 1973 , Lokvenc started his professional career during the 1992–93 season with Hradec Králové , joining Sparta Prague in October 1994 . He featured in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup for Sparta , scoring the first goal and providing the pass for the second in a 2–1 win against Danish club Silkeborg IF , whereby Sparta qualified on the away goals rule for the second round . He scored a goal shortly after entering the game as a substitute in a first round match of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners Cup against Austrian side Sturm Graz ; the match finished 2–2 . Lokvenc spent six seasons at Sparta Prague , with whom he won five league titles and the 1995–96 Czech Cup . In March 2000 , in a match against České Budějovice , Lokvenc scored four times for Sparta as the match finished 4–1 . In doing so he became the third player in the Czech era to score four times in the same match , after Josef Obajdin and Robert Vágner . Lokvenc scored twice in the Prague derby match against Slavia Prague in May 2000 , in a 5–1 win which secured the league title for Sparta . He was top scorer of the Czech First League in the 1999–2000 season with 22 goals , tying the league record , which stood until David Lafata scored 25 goals during the 2011–12 season . Germany . Lokvenc joined 1 . FC Kaiserslautern of the German Bundesliga in 2000 , agreeing to the move before the 2000 European Championship . Around the same time , a daughter was born to Lokvenc in May 2000 . He scored six goals in an 11–1 friendly match win against an amateur side before the start of the season . In December 2000 Lokvenc scored in the UEFA Cup against Rangers , helping his team qualify for the last 16 of the competition . In the following round Kaiserslautern were paired with Slavia Prague ; after the first match had finished goalless , Lokvenc scored the only goal in the second leg of their two-legged tie to eliminate the Czech team . He scored a hat-trick in the 2002–03 DFB-Pokal quarter-final against Bochum , a game which finished 3–3 but was won by Kaiserslautern after a penalty shoot-out . Lokvenc played in the final of the competition at the end of May 2003 , but his side were beaten 3–1 by league winners Bayern Munich as the latter claimed the double . Kaiserslautern announced that Lokvenc would be sold in April 2004 , citing his salary demands as reasons for his sale . He joined VfL Bochum of the Bundesliga in the summer of 2004 , agreeing the transfer before the European Championships . Bochum were relegated from the league after 33 games of the 34-game season , with Lokvenc scoring his tenth goal of the season in a 2–0 win at third placed Stuttgart . Late career . Lokvenc signed for Red Bull Salzburg in the summer of 2005 , rejecting offers from Portsmouth and Hertha Berlin . He described his move to Salzburg as the best transfer of my life , arriving around the same time as Germany national team players Thomas Linke and Alexander Zickler . Lokvenc only played four league matches in his first season with the club before requiring surgery on an injury to his right knee in November . He returned to the team in May 2006 , taking part in a match for the first time since July 2005 , as he made an appearance as a substitute in a 2–1 home loss against Pasching . The club finished the season as league runners-up , behind Austria Vienna . Lokvenc scored his first league goal of the 2006–07 Austrian Football Bundesliga in a December match against Altach , levelling the scores as the game finished 1–1 . The club went on to win the league in April 2007 with five matches of the season remaining . In October 2007 Lokvenc scored the only goal in Salzburgs 1–0 UEFA Cup first round win against AEK Athens This was not enough for his team to advance , having lost 3–0 in the first leg of their two-legged tie . Lokvenc featured less for Salzburg in the 2007–08 season , prompting him to join Swiss Super League team Basel on loan in February 2008 for the remainder of the season . He scored in Basels 1–0 semi-final Swiss Cup victory against Thun . The club went on to win the 2008 league championship title and the 2008 Swiss Cup . Lokvenc returned to Germany in the summer of 2008 , joining Ingolstadt of the 2 . Bundesliga . On August 17 , 2008 , the Czech played his first competitive match for FC Ingolstadt in a 3–2 victory against SpVgg Greuther Fürth on the first matchday of the second German Bundesliga . Lokvenc scored his first two goals on 5 October 2008 in a 4–2 win on the seventh matchday against Hansa Rostock ( a relegated team from the Bundesliga ) . Vratislav Lokvenc played in 23 games and scored six goals . Nevertheless , FC Ingolstadt relegated from the second German Bundesliga at the end of the season . After the relegation , Lokvenc left the Bavarians and retires . Post-playing career . After finishing his professional playing career , Lokvenc worked as a scout in the Czech Republic and Slovakia for his former team , Basel . He also played football in the amateur Czech Fourth Division for Union Čelákovice . He continued to be physically active after his football career , taking part in the 2010 Prague Half Marathon in the same field as former international teammate Pavel Nedvěd . He was again involved in the Prague Half Marathon in 2015 , taking part in a relay alongside Nedvěd , fellow footballer Tomáš Hübschman and 2014 Miss Czech Republic , Tereza Skoumalová . International career . Lokvenc represented his country at under-21 level , scoring seven goals in 13 matches between 1993 and 1995 . He first played for the senior Czech national team in 1995 . Lokvenc was part of the Czech Republic squad at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup in Saudi Arabia . He took part as a substitute in the group stage match against United Arab Emirates and started the third place play-off game versus Uruguay , which the Czech Republic won to finish third overall in the tournament . Euro 2000 . At Euro 2000 , Lokvenc made a substitute appearance in the Czech Republics opening game against the Netherlands , replacing Pavel Nedvěd after 89 minutes as the match resulted in a 1–0 win for the Dutch . He replaced Radek Bejbl in the second group match , against France , coming on after 49 minutes in the 2–1 loss . Lokvenc appeared in the third group match against Denmark , although due to both teams having lost both of their previous matches , neither team could advance to the next round of the competition . He came on after 79 minutes , replacing Vladimír Šmicer in a 2–0 win for his nation . Euro 2004 . Lokvenc scored twice as a substitute in a June 2003 qualification match against Moldova , scoring both goals with his head in a 5–0 win for his country . He played in one match at Euro 2004 . He started the group match against Germany among a group of players which was described by the BBC as very much a Czech second string , but failed to score and was replaced by Milan Baroš after 59 minutes . The Czech Republic won the match , 2–1 . 2006 World Cup . During the qualification process for the forthcoming World Cup , Lokvenc scored five goals for his country . In a November 2004 match , away at Macedonia , he entered the game in the 76th minute as a substitute for Zdeněk Grygera with the game goalless . He scored the first goal of the game with his head , before Jan Koller made the score 2–0 to win the match . In March 2005 , Lokvenc again scored the deciding goal , this time against Finland in Teplice . In a game in which the Czechs had led 3–1 , Finland scored twice to level the scores , however Lokvenc made the score 4–3 with three minutes remaining . Four days later , Lokvenc scored another goal , heading in a cross from Baroš , in a 4–0 away win against Andorra . In June of the same year , Lokvenc scored the first and last goals for his nation in an 8–1 home win , also against Andorra . At the 2006 World Cup , Lokvenc replaced the injured Jan Koller as a substitute in the first group match , against the USA . He didnt score but received a yellow card as his nation won 3–0 . He started the second group match , against Ghana , in the absence of fellow strikers Koller and Baroš due to injury . He received another yellow card in the match , which Ghana won 2–0 . Due to having received two yellow cards , he was suspended for his countrys final group match , against Italy . The Czech Republic lost to Italy and therefore failed to progress to the next stage of the competition . Lokvenc announced his retirement from international football in September 2006 , becoming the third player from the World Cup team to retire after Karel Poborský and Pavel Nedvěd . He finished his international career with figures of 14 goals in 74 matches . Style of play . Lokvenc was particularly noted for his height , being referred to as a towering forward , and having a similar aerial threat to international teammate Jan Koller . His strength was noted as another of his assets . Honours . Club . - Sparta Prague - Czech First League : 1994–95 , 1996–97 , 1997–98 , 1998–99 , 1999–2000 . - Czech Cup : 1996 - Kaiserslautern - DFB-Pokal Runner-up : 2002–03 - Salzburg - Austrian Football Bundesliga : 2006–07 ; Runner-up : 2005–06 - Basel - Swiss Super League : 2007–08 - Swiss Cup : 2007–08 Country . - Czech Republic - FIFA Confederations Cup : Third place 1997 Individual . - Top scorer of the Czech First League : 1999–2000
|
[
"Statler Brothers"
] |
easy
|
Marshall Grant became a member of what organization or association in 1?
|
/wiki/Marshall_Grant#P463#0
|
Marshall Grant Marshall Garnett Grant ( May 5 , 1928 – August 7 , 2011 ) was the upright bassist and electric bassist of singer Johnny Cashs original backing duo , the Tennessee Two , in which Grant and electric guitarist Luther Perkins played . The group became known as The Tennessee Three in 1960 , with the addition of drummer W . S . Holland . Grant also served as road manager for Cash and his touring show company . Early life . Grant was raised in Bessemer City , North Carolina . He was one of twelve children born of Willie Leander ( 1888–1968 ) and Mary Elizabeth ( Simmonds ) Grant ( 1895–1965 ) . His siblings are Wade ( 1910–1985 ) , Olson ( 1912–1993 ) , Burlas ( 1914–1915 ) , Vernal ( 1916–1971 ) , Eulean ( 1918–2012 ) , Hershel ( 1921–2014 ) , Doris ( 1923–2006 ) , Odell ( 1925–2011 ) , Ed ( 1931–2012 ) , Norma Jean ( b . 1935 ) and Aubrey Grant ( b . 1937 ) . Grant married Etta May Dickerson on November 9 , 1946 . They had one son , Randy . Grant and his wife settled in Memphis , Tennessee in 1947 . Grant worked as a mechanic ; first for Wagner Brake Service , then C.M . Booth Motor Company , and later , Automobile Sales Company in Memphis . It was during this time that he met fellow Automobile Sales employees Luther Perkins and Roy Cash , Sr. , older brother of Johnny Cash . When the younger Cash returned to Memphis after serving in the U.S . Air Force , Grant , Perkins and Cash began playing together as three rhythm guitarists , along with another Automobile Sales co-worker and steel guitar player , A.W . Red Kernodle . Grant was a self-taught musician , learning to play the bass after the group collectively decided that Grant should switch to playing bass , and that Perkins would play lead guitar . During the formation of this group , Cash used Grants Martin guitar for performances , and for many years thereafter , for songwriting . Grant was an important part of the trademark boom-chicka-boom sound of Johnny Cash that would change the sound of country music . He recorded with Cash from 1954 until 1980 . Grant also voluntarily took on the responsibilities of road manager for Cashs touring show . During his career with Cash , Grant played Epiphone upright basses and electric basses by Fender , Epiphone and Micro-Frets . On the album cover for Johnny Cash At San Quentin , Grants Epiphone Newport bass is famously featured in the foreground of the iconic photo by Jim Marshall . In the early 1970s , he briefly endorsed Micro-Frets instruments and Sunn amplifiers . Legal troubles with Cash . Cashs recurring drug problems eventually led to issues that resulted in Grant being fired by Cash . It was at this time that Grant discovered that Cash had embezzled retirement funds set aside for Grant and Luther Perkins . In 1980 , Grant filed suit against Cash for wrongful dismissal and for embezzlement of retirement funds . A lawsuit against Cash for slander was also considered . In coincidental action , Luther Perkins daughters from his first marriage filed suit against Cash for embezzlement of retirement funds . Both lawsuits were eventually settled out-of-court . Despite the bitter legal battles , the two men later reconciled . Grant contends that he was probably Cashs closest and most trusted friend ; indeed , he played a critical role in helping Cash along when Cashs drug problems threatened his career and his life . Grant made a final appearance onstage with Cash in 1999 as an original member of The Tennessee Two . Later career . Following his career with Cash , Grant managed the Statler Brothers until their retirement in 2002 . He last lived in Hernando , Mississippi , with his wife . Grants autobiographical book I Was There When It Happened : My Life With Johnny Cash was published in October 2006 . It is a behind-the-scenes story of their beginnings and rise to fame . He laid down [ his ] bass for the last time at the Brooks Museum in Memphis , Tennessee , in August 2010 . Ettas Tune included on Rosanne Cashs 2014 album , The River and the Thread , is dedicated to Grant and his wife . Powerboat Racing . For many years , Grant owned and raced outboard powerboats . His teams included notable drivers such as Dick Pond , Charlie Bailey and Billy Seebold . Often , members of the Johnny Cash band would work in Grants pit crews . Grants distinctive boats were most appropriately given such names as Ring of Fire and A Boat Named Sue among others of his personal musical references . Walk The Line . Marshall Grant is played by Larry Bagby in the 2005 film , Walk the Line Death . Marshall Grant died at the age of 83 on August 7 , 2011 while in Jonesboro , Arkansas attending a festival to restore the childhood home of Johnny Cash .
|
[
"the Tennessee Two"
] |
easy
|
Marshall Grant became a member of what organization or association in 1954?
|
/wiki/Marshall_Grant#P463#1
|
Marshall Grant Marshall Garnett Grant ( May 5 , 1928 – August 7 , 2011 ) was the upright bassist and electric bassist of singer Johnny Cashs original backing duo , the Tennessee Two , in which Grant and electric guitarist Luther Perkins played . The group became known as The Tennessee Three in 1960 , with the addition of drummer W . S . Holland . Grant also served as road manager for Cash and his touring show company . Early life . Grant was raised in Bessemer City , North Carolina . He was one of twelve children born of Willie Leander ( 1888–1968 ) and Mary Elizabeth ( Simmonds ) Grant ( 1895–1965 ) . His siblings are Wade ( 1910–1985 ) , Olson ( 1912–1993 ) , Burlas ( 1914–1915 ) , Vernal ( 1916–1971 ) , Eulean ( 1918–2012 ) , Hershel ( 1921–2014 ) , Doris ( 1923–2006 ) , Odell ( 1925–2011 ) , Ed ( 1931–2012 ) , Norma Jean ( b . 1935 ) and Aubrey Grant ( b . 1937 ) . Grant married Etta May Dickerson on November 9 , 1946 . They had one son , Randy . Grant and his wife settled in Memphis , Tennessee in 1947 . Grant worked as a mechanic ; first for Wagner Brake Service , then C.M . Booth Motor Company , and later , Automobile Sales Company in Memphis . It was during this time that he met fellow Automobile Sales employees Luther Perkins and Roy Cash , Sr. , older brother of Johnny Cash . When the younger Cash returned to Memphis after serving in the U.S . Air Force , Grant , Perkins and Cash began playing together as three rhythm guitarists , along with another Automobile Sales co-worker and steel guitar player , A.W . Red Kernodle . Grant was a self-taught musician , learning to play the bass after the group collectively decided that Grant should switch to playing bass , and that Perkins would play lead guitar . During the formation of this group , Cash used Grants Martin guitar for performances , and for many years thereafter , for songwriting . Grant was an important part of the trademark boom-chicka-boom sound of Johnny Cash that would change the sound of country music . He recorded with Cash from 1954 until 1980 . Grant also voluntarily took on the responsibilities of road manager for Cashs touring show . During his career with Cash , Grant played Epiphone upright basses and electric basses by Fender , Epiphone and Micro-Frets . On the album cover for Johnny Cash At San Quentin , Grants Epiphone Newport bass is famously featured in the foreground of the iconic photo by Jim Marshall . In the early 1970s , he briefly endorsed Micro-Frets instruments and Sunn amplifiers . Legal troubles with Cash . Cashs recurring drug problems eventually led to issues that resulted in Grant being fired by Cash . It was at this time that Grant discovered that Cash had embezzled retirement funds set aside for Grant and Luther Perkins . In 1980 , Grant filed suit against Cash for wrongful dismissal and for embezzlement of retirement funds . A lawsuit against Cash for slander was also considered . In coincidental action , Luther Perkins daughters from his first marriage filed suit against Cash for embezzlement of retirement funds . Both lawsuits were eventually settled out-of-court . Despite the bitter legal battles , the two men later reconciled . Grant contends that he was probably Cashs closest and most trusted friend ; indeed , he played a critical role in helping Cash along when Cashs drug problems threatened his career and his life . Grant made a final appearance onstage with Cash in 1999 as an original member of The Tennessee Two . Later career . Following his career with Cash , Grant managed the Statler Brothers until their retirement in 2002 . He last lived in Hernando , Mississippi , with his wife . Grants autobiographical book I Was There When It Happened : My Life With Johnny Cash was published in October 2006 . It is a behind-the-scenes story of their beginnings and rise to fame . He laid down [ his ] bass for the last time at the Brooks Museum in Memphis , Tennessee , in August 2010 . Ettas Tune included on Rosanne Cashs 2014 album , The River and the Thread , is dedicated to Grant and his wife . Powerboat Racing . For many years , Grant owned and raced outboard powerboats . His teams included notable drivers such as Dick Pond , Charlie Bailey and Billy Seebold . Often , members of the Johnny Cash band would work in Grants pit crews . Grants distinctive boats were most appropriately given such names as Ring of Fire and A Boat Named Sue among others of his personal musical references . Walk The Line . Marshall Grant is played by Larry Bagby in the 2005 film , Walk the Line Death . Marshall Grant died at the age of 83 on August 7 , 2011 while in Jonesboro , Arkansas attending a festival to restore the childhood home of Johnny Cash .
|
[
"The Tennessee Three"
] |
easy
|
Marshall Grant became a member of what organization or association in 1960?
|
/wiki/Marshall_Grant#P463#2
|
Marshall Grant Marshall Garnett Grant ( May 5 , 1928 – August 7 , 2011 ) was the upright bassist and electric bassist of singer Johnny Cashs original backing duo , the Tennessee Two , in which Grant and electric guitarist Luther Perkins played . The group became known as The Tennessee Three in 1960 , with the addition of drummer W . S . Holland . Grant also served as road manager for Cash and his touring show company . Early life . Grant was raised in Bessemer City , North Carolina . He was one of twelve children born of Willie Leander ( 1888–1968 ) and Mary Elizabeth ( Simmonds ) Grant ( 1895–1965 ) . His siblings are Wade ( 1910–1985 ) , Olson ( 1912–1993 ) , Burlas ( 1914–1915 ) , Vernal ( 1916–1971 ) , Eulean ( 1918–2012 ) , Hershel ( 1921–2014 ) , Doris ( 1923–2006 ) , Odell ( 1925–2011 ) , Ed ( 1931–2012 ) , Norma Jean ( b . 1935 ) and Aubrey Grant ( b . 1937 ) . Grant married Etta May Dickerson on November 9 , 1946 . They had one son , Randy . Grant and his wife settled in Memphis , Tennessee in 1947 . Grant worked as a mechanic ; first for Wagner Brake Service , then C.M . Booth Motor Company , and later , Automobile Sales Company in Memphis . It was during this time that he met fellow Automobile Sales employees Luther Perkins and Roy Cash , Sr. , older brother of Johnny Cash . When the younger Cash returned to Memphis after serving in the U.S . Air Force , Grant , Perkins and Cash began playing together as three rhythm guitarists , along with another Automobile Sales co-worker and steel guitar player , A.W . Red Kernodle . Grant was a self-taught musician , learning to play the bass after the group collectively decided that Grant should switch to playing bass , and that Perkins would play lead guitar . During the formation of this group , Cash used Grants Martin guitar for performances , and for many years thereafter , for songwriting . Grant was an important part of the trademark boom-chicka-boom sound of Johnny Cash that would change the sound of country music . He recorded with Cash from 1954 until 1980 . Grant also voluntarily took on the responsibilities of road manager for Cashs touring show . During his career with Cash , Grant played Epiphone upright basses and electric basses by Fender , Epiphone and Micro-Frets . On the album cover for Johnny Cash At San Quentin , Grants Epiphone Newport bass is famously featured in the foreground of the iconic photo by Jim Marshall . In the early 1970s , he briefly endorsed Micro-Frets instruments and Sunn amplifiers . Legal troubles with Cash . Cashs recurring drug problems eventually led to issues that resulted in Grant being fired by Cash . It was at this time that Grant discovered that Cash had embezzled retirement funds set aside for Grant and Luther Perkins . In 1980 , Grant filed suit against Cash for wrongful dismissal and for embezzlement of retirement funds . A lawsuit against Cash for slander was also considered . In coincidental action , Luther Perkins daughters from his first marriage filed suit against Cash for embezzlement of retirement funds . Both lawsuits were eventually settled out-of-court . Despite the bitter legal battles , the two men later reconciled . Grant contends that he was probably Cashs closest and most trusted friend ; indeed , he played a critical role in helping Cash along when Cashs drug problems threatened his career and his life . Grant made a final appearance onstage with Cash in 1999 as an original member of The Tennessee Two . Later career . Following his career with Cash , Grant managed the Statler Brothers until their retirement in 2002 . He last lived in Hernando , Mississippi , with his wife . Grants autobiographical book I Was There When It Happened : My Life With Johnny Cash was published in October 2006 . It is a behind-the-scenes story of their beginnings and rise to fame . He laid down [ his ] bass for the last time at the Brooks Museum in Memphis , Tennessee , in August 2010 . Ettas Tune included on Rosanne Cashs 2014 album , The River and the Thread , is dedicated to Grant and his wife . Powerboat Racing . For many years , Grant owned and raced outboard powerboats . His teams included notable drivers such as Dick Pond , Charlie Bailey and Billy Seebold . Often , members of the Johnny Cash band would work in Grants pit crews . Grants distinctive boats were most appropriately given such names as Ring of Fire and A Boat Named Sue among others of his personal musical references . Walk The Line . Marshall Grant is played by Larry Bagby in the 2005 film , Walk the Line Death . Marshall Grant died at the age of 83 on August 7 , 2011 while in Jonesboro , Arkansas attending a festival to restore the childhood home of Johnny Cash .
|
[
""
] |
easy
|
What organization did Marshall Grant join in 1954?
|
/wiki/Marshall_Grant#P463#3
|
Marshall Grant Marshall Garnett Grant ( May 5 , 1928 – August 7 , 2011 ) was the upright bassist and electric bassist of singer Johnny Cashs original backing duo , the Tennessee Two , in which Grant and electric guitarist Luther Perkins played . The group became known as The Tennessee Three in 1960 , with the addition of drummer W . S . Holland . Grant also served as road manager for Cash and his touring show company . Early life . Grant was raised in Bessemer City , North Carolina . He was one of twelve children born of Willie Leander ( 1888–1968 ) and Mary Elizabeth ( Simmonds ) Grant ( 1895–1965 ) . His siblings are Wade ( 1910–1985 ) , Olson ( 1912–1993 ) , Burlas ( 1914–1915 ) , Vernal ( 1916–1971 ) , Eulean ( 1918–2012 ) , Hershel ( 1921–2014 ) , Doris ( 1923–2006 ) , Odell ( 1925–2011 ) , Ed ( 1931–2012 ) , Norma Jean ( b . 1935 ) and Aubrey Grant ( b . 1937 ) . Grant married Etta May Dickerson on November 9 , 1946 . They had one son , Randy . Grant and his wife settled in Memphis , Tennessee in 1947 . Grant worked as a mechanic ; first for Wagner Brake Service , then C.M . Booth Motor Company , and later , Automobile Sales Company in Memphis . It was during this time that he met fellow Automobile Sales employees Luther Perkins and Roy Cash , Sr. , older brother of Johnny Cash . When the younger Cash returned to Memphis after serving in the U.S . Air Force , Grant , Perkins and Cash began playing together as three rhythm guitarists , along with another Automobile Sales co-worker and steel guitar player , A.W . Red Kernodle . Grant was a self-taught musician , learning to play the bass after the group collectively decided that Grant should switch to playing bass , and that Perkins would play lead guitar . During the formation of this group , Cash used Grants Martin guitar for performances , and for many years thereafter , for songwriting . Grant was an important part of the trademark boom-chicka-boom sound of Johnny Cash that would change the sound of country music . He recorded with Cash from 1954 until 1980 . Grant also voluntarily took on the responsibilities of road manager for Cashs touring show . During his career with Cash , Grant played Epiphone upright basses and electric basses by Fender , Epiphone and Micro-Frets . On the album cover for Johnny Cash At San Quentin , Grants Epiphone Newport bass is famously featured in the foreground of the iconic photo by Jim Marshall . In the early 1970s , he briefly endorsed Micro-Frets instruments and Sunn amplifiers . Legal troubles with Cash . Cashs recurring drug problems eventually led to issues that resulted in Grant being fired by Cash . It was at this time that Grant discovered that Cash had embezzled retirement funds set aside for Grant and Luther Perkins . In 1980 , Grant filed suit against Cash for wrongful dismissal and for embezzlement of retirement funds . A lawsuit against Cash for slander was also considered . In coincidental action , Luther Perkins daughters from his first marriage filed suit against Cash for embezzlement of retirement funds . Both lawsuits were eventually settled out-of-court . Despite the bitter legal battles , the two men later reconciled . Grant contends that he was probably Cashs closest and most trusted friend ; indeed , he played a critical role in helping Cash along when Cashs drug problems threatened his career and his life . Grant made a final appearance onstage with Cash in 1999 as an original member of The Tennessee Two . Later career . Following his career with Cash , Grant managed the Statler Brothers until their retirement in 2002 . He last lived in Hernando , Mississippi , with his wife . Grants autobiographical book I Was There When It Happened : My Life With Johnny Cash was published in October 2006 . It is a behind-the-scenes story of their beginnings and rise to fame . He laid down [ his ] bass for the last time at the Brooks Museum in Memphis , Tennessee , in August 2010 . Ettas Tune included on Rosanne Cashs 2014 album , The River and the Thread , is dedicated to Grant and his wife . Powerboat Racing . For many years , Grant owned and raced outboard powerboats . His teams included notable drivers such as Dick Pond , Charlie Bailey and Billy Seebold . Often , members of the Johnny Cash band would work in Grants pit crews . Grants distinctive boats were most appropriately given such names as Ring of Fire and A Boat Named Sue among others of his personal musical references . Walk The Line . Marshall Grant is played by Larry Bagby in the 2005 film , Walk the Line Death . Marshall Grant died at the age of 83 on August 7 , 2011 while in Jonesboro , Arkansas attending a festival to restore the childhood home of Johnny Cash .
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
easy
|
What position did Richard Needham take from May 1979 to May 1983?
|
/wiki/Richard_Needham#P39#0
|
Richard Needham Richard Francis Needham , 6th Earl of Kilmorey , ( born 29 January 1942 ) , usually known as Sir Richard Needham , is a British Conservative politician . A Member of Parliament from 1979 to 1997 , he served as Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 . From January 1961 until April 1977 , he was entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne . Early life . Needham is eldest of the three sons of The 5th Earl of Kilmorey by his marriage to Helen Bridget Faudel-Phillips , a daughter of Sir Lionel Faudel-Phillips , 3rd and last Baronet . He was educated at Eton . When his father succeeded as The 5th Earl of Kilmorey in January 1961 , Richard became entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne , known for short as Lord Newry . Richard himself succeeded his father to become The 6th Earl of Kilmorey in April 1977 . Political career . Needham was a member of the Somerset County Council between 1967 and 1974 . In 1974 , he stood unsuccessfully for parliament for the safe Labour seat of Pontefract and Castleford in the February general election , and was then also defeated at the more marginal Gravesend in October . He succeeded his father to the earldom in 1977 . This is an Irish peerage and did not bar him from sitting in the House of Commons . At the 1979 general election , he was returned as Member of Parliament for Chippenham in Wiltshire . He was one of the Wiltshire Wets , Conservative MPs from the county who expressed concern at the perceived loss of jobs resulting from the monetarist policies of Margaret Thatcher ; in 1990 he called Thatcher a cow in a leaked telephone conversation with his wife . His constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election , when he was returned to the House of Commons for the new North Wiltshire constituency . He held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1997 general election . In Government . Needham was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland , James Prior , between 1983 and 1984 , and to the Secretary of State for the Environment , Patrick Jenkin , between 1984 and 1985 . He served under Thatcher and later John Major as an Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and under Major as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 , and was instrumental in transforming Northern Irelands economic base and the UKs export strategy under Michael Heseltine . He was the longest serving British government Northern Ireland minister . Books . Lord Kilmorey has written two books : Honourable Member and Battling for Peace : Northern Irelands Longest-Serving British Minister ( 1999 ) ; an account of his years in Northern Ireland and his contribution to peace . Honours . Lord Kilmorey holds an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Ulster . A founder member of the UK-Japan 21st Century Group , he was appointed a member of the Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , by the Emperor of Japan . He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1994 and knighted in 1997 . Personal life . Needham married Sigrid Thiessen-Gairdner , daughter of Ernst Thiessen , in 1965 . They have three children : - Robert Francis John Needham , Viscount Newry and Mourne ( b . 1966 ) - Hon . Andrew Francis Needham ( b . 1969 ) - Lady Christina Clare Needham ( b . 1977 ) Although Needham inherited the Earldom of Kilmorey and Viscountcy of Newry and Mourne on the death of his father in 1977 , he did not petition the House of Lords to formally claim succession until October 2012 . The Needham estate , known as Mourne Park , is near Kilkeel in County Down in Northern Ireland but the title and estate were separated when the fifth Earl inherited the title but opted to live in England . The Needham estate or Mourne Park is now owned by the Anley family , descendants of the 4th Earl of Kilmorey . The house was badly damaged by fire on 18 May 2013 . External links . - geni.com
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Richard Needham took which position from Jun 1983 to May 1987?
|
/wiki/Richard_Needham#P39#1
|
Richard Needham Richard Francis Needham , 6th Earl of Kilmorey , ( born 29 January 1942 ) , usually known as Sir Richard Needham , is a British Conservative politician . A Member of Parliament from 1979 to 1997 , he served as Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 . From January 1961 until April 1977 , he was entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne . Early life . Needham is eldest of the three sons of The 5th Earl of Kilmorey by his marriage to Helen Bridget Faudel-Phillips , a daughter of Sir Lionel Faudel-Phillips , 3rd and last Baronet . He was educated at Eton . When his father succeeded as The 5th Earl of Kilmorey in January 1961 , Richard became entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne , known for short as Lord Newry . Richard himself succeeded his father to become The 6th Earl of Kilmorey in April 1977 . Political career . Needham was a member of the Somerset County Council between 1967 and 1974 . In 1974 , he stood unsuccessfully for parliament for the safe Labour seat of Pontefract and Castleford in the February general election , and was then also defeated at the more marginal Gravesend in October . He succeeded his father to the earldom in 1977 . This is an Irish peerage and did not bar him from sitting in the House of Commons . At the 1979 general election , he was returned as Member of Parliament for Chippenham in Wiltshire . He was one of the Wiltshire Wets , Conservative MPs from the county who expressed concern at the perceived loss of jobs resulting from the monetarist policies of Margaret Thatcher ; in 1990 he called Thatcher a cow in a leaked telephone conversation with his wife . His constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election , when he was returned to the House of Commons for the new North Wiltshire constituency . He held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1997 general election . In Government . Needham was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland , James Prior , between 1983 and 1984 , and to the Secretary of State for the Environment , Patrick Jenkin , between 1984 and 1985 . He served under Thatcher and later John Major as an Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and under Major as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 , and was instrumental in transforming Northern Irelands economic base and the UKs export strategy under Michael Heseltine . He was the longest serving British government Northern Ireland minister . Books . Lord Kilmorey has written two books : Honourable Member and Battling for Peace : Northern Irelands Longest-Serving British Minister ( 1999 ) ; an account of his years in Northern Ireland and his contribution to peace . Honours . Lord Kilmorey holds an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Ulster . A founder member of the UK-Japan 21st Century Group , he was appointed a member of the Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , by the Emperor of Japan . He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1994 and knighted in 1997 . Personal life . Needham married Sigrid Thiessen-Gairdner , daughter of Ernst Thiessen , in 1965 . They have three children : - Robert Francis John Needham , Viscount Newry and Mourne ( b . 1966 ) - Hon . Andrew Francis Needham ( b . 1969 ) - Lady Christina Clare Needham ( b . 1977 ) Although Needham inherited the Earldom of Kilmorey and Viscountcy of Newry and Mourne on the death of his father in 1977 , he did not petition the House of Lords to formally claim succession until October 2012 . The Needham estate , known as Mourne Park , is near Kilkeel in County Down in Northern Ireland but the title and estate were separated when the fifth Earl inherited the title but opted to live in England . The Needham estate or Mourne Park is now owned by the Anley family , descendants of the 4th Earl of Kilmorey . The house was badly damaged by fire on 18 May 2013 . External links . - geni.com
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Richard Needham hold from Jun 1987 to Mar 1992?
|
/wiki/Richard_Needham#P39#2
|
Richard Needham Richard Francis Needham , 6th Earl of Kilmorey , ( born 29 January 1942 ) , usually known as Sir Richard Needham , is a British Conservative politician . A Member of Parliament from 1979 to 1997 , he served as Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 . From January 1961 until April 1977 , he was entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne . Early life . Needham is eldest of the three sons of The 5th Earl of Kilmorey by his marriage to Helen Bridget Faudel-Phillips , a daughter of Sir Lionel Faudel-Phillips , 3rd and last Baronet . He was educated at Eton . When his father succeeded as The 5th Earl of Kilmorey in January 1961 , Richard became entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne , known for short as Lord Newry . Richard himself succeeded his father to become The 6th Earl of Kilmorey in April 1977 . Political career . Needham was a member of the Somerset County Council between 1967 and 1974 . In 1974 , he stood unsuccessfully for parliament for the safe Labour seat of Pontefract and Castleford in the February general election , and was then also defeated at the more marginal Gravesend in October . He succeeded his father to the earldom in 1977 . This is an Irish peerage and did not bar him from sitting in the House of Commons . At the 1979 general election , he was returned as Member of Parliament for Chippenham in Wiltshire . He was one of the Wiltshire Wets , Conservative MPs from the county who expressed concern at the perceived loss of jobs resulting from the monetarist policies of Margaret Thatcher ; in 1990 he called Thatcher a cow in a leaked telephone conversation with his wife . His constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election , when he was returned to the House of Commons for the new North Wiltshire constituency . He held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1997 general election . In Government . Needham was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland , James Prior , between 1983 and 1984 , and to the Secretary of State for the Environment , Patrick Jenkin , between 1984 and 1985 . He served under Thatcher and later John Major as an Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and under Major as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 , and was instrumental in transforming Northern Irelands economic base and the UKs export strategy under Michael Heseltine . He was the longest serving British government Northern Ireland minister . Books . Lord Kilmorey has written two books : Honourable Member and Battling for Peace : Northern Irelands Longest-Serving British Minister ( 1999 ) ; an account of his years in Northern Ireland and his contribution to peace . Honours . Lord Kilmorey holds an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Ulster . A founder member of the UK-Japan 21st Century Group , he was appointed a member of the Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , by the Emperor of Japan . He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1994 and knighted in 1997 . Personal life . Needham married Sigrid Thiessen-Gairdner , daughter of Ernst Thiessen , in 1965 . They have three children : - Robert Francis John Needham , Viscount Newry and Mourne ( b . 1966 ) - Hon . Andrew Francis Needham ( b . 1969 ) - Lady Christina Clare Needham ( b . 1977 ) Although Needham inherited the Earldom of Kilmorey and Viscountcy of Newry and Mourne on the death of his father in 1977 , he did not petition the House of Lords to formally claim succession until October 2012 . The Needham estate , known as Mourne Park , is near Kilkeel in County Down in Northern Ireland but the title and estate were separated when the fifth Earl inherited the title but opted to live in England . The Needham estate or Mourne Park is now owned by the Anley family , descendants of the 4th Earl of Kilmorey . The house was badly damaged by fire on 18 May 2013 . External links . - geni.com
|
[
"Member of Parliament"
] |
easy
|
Which position did Richard Needham hold from Apr 1992 to Apr 1997?
|
/wiki/Richard_Needham#P39#3
|
Richard Needham Richard Francis Needham , 6th Earl of Kilmorey , ( born 29 January 1942 ) , usually known as Sir Richard Needham , is a British Conservative politician . A Member of Parliament from 1979 to 1997 , he served as Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 . From January 1961 until April 1977 , he was entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne . Early life . Needham is eldest of the three sons of The 5th Earl of Kilmorey by his marriage to Helen Bridget Faudel-Phillips , a daughter of Sir Lionel Faudel-Phillips , 3rd and last Baronet . He was educated at Eton . When his father succeeded as The 5th Earl of Kilmorey in January 1961 , Richard became entitled to use the courtesy title Viscount Newry and Mourne , known for short as Lord Newry . Richard himself succeeded his father to become The 6th Earl of Kilmorey in April 1977 . Political career . Needham was a member of the Somerset County Council between 1967 and 1974 . In 1974 , he stood unsuccessfully for parliament for the safe Labour seat of Pontefract and Castleford in the February general election , and was then also defeated at the more marginal Gravesend in October . He succeeded his father to the earldom in 1977 . This is an Irish peerage and did not bar him from sitting in the House of Commons . At the 1979 general election , he was returned as Member of Parliament for Chippenham in Wiltshire . He was one of the Wiltshire Wets , Conservative MPs from the county who expressed concern at the perceived loss of jobs resulting from the monetarist policies of Margaret Thatcher ; in 1990 he called Thatcher a cow in a leaked telephone conversation with his wife . His constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election , when he was returned to the House of Commons for the new North Wiltshire constituency . He held the seat until he retired from Parliament at the 1997 general election . In Government . Needham was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland , James Prior , between 1983 and 1984 , and to the Secretary of State for the Environment , Patrick Jenkin , between 1984 and 1985 . He served under Thatcher and later John Major as an Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 1985 and 1992 and under Major as Minister of State for Trade between 1992 and 1995 , and was instrumental in transforming Northern Irelands economic base and the UKs export strategy under Michael Heseltine . He was the longest serving British government Northern Ireland minister . Books . Lord Kilmorey has written two books : Honourable Member and Battling for Peace : Northern Irelands Longest-Serving British Minister ( 1999 ) ; an account of his years in Northern Ireland and his contribution to peace . Honours . Lord Kilmorey holds an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Ulster . A founder member of the UK-Japan 21st Century Group , he was appointed a member of the Order of the Rising Sun , Gold and Silver Star , by the Emperor of Japan . He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1994 and knighted in 1997 . Personal life . Needham married Sigrid Thiessen-Gairdner , daughter of Ernst Thiessen , in 1965 . They have three children : - Robert Francis John Needham , Viscount Newry and Mourne ( b . 1966 ) - Hon . Andrew Francis Needham ( b . 1969 ) - Lady Christina Clare Needham ( b . 1977 ) Although Needham inherited the Earldom of Kilmorey and Viscountcy of Newry and Mourne on the death of his father in 1977 , he did not petition the House of Lords to formally claim succession until October 2012 . The Needham estate , known as Mourne Park , is near Kilkeel in County Down in Northern Ireland but the title and estate were separated when the fifth Earl inherited the title but opted to live in England . The Needham estate or Mourne Park is now owned by the Anley family , descendants of the 4th Earl of Kilmorey . The house was badly damaged by fire on 18 May 2013 . External links . - geni.com
|
[
"Lise Dumasy"
] |
easy
|
Who was the head of Grenoble Alpes University from 2016 to 2018?
|
/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University#P488#0
|
Grenoble Alpes University The Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA , French : meaning Grenoble Alps University ) is a public research university in Grenoble , France . Founded in 1339 , it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers Established as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois , it split in 1970 following the May 1968 events . Three of the University of Grenobles inheritors—Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University—reunited in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . In 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG merged with the original university . The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses : Domaine Universitaire of 175 ha which straddles Saint-Martin-dHères and Gières , and Campus GIANT of 250 ha in Grenoble . UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence , Chambéry , Les Houches , Villar-dArêne , Mirabel , Échirolles , and La Tronche . The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe , hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France . This allows UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships , including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research ( CNRS ) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ( CEA ) . Overall , Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France after Paris with 22,800 researchers . In April 2019 , UGA is selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence . UGA is traditionally known for its research and education in the natural sciences and engineering , but also law , institutional economics , linguistics , and psychology . It has been cited among the best and most innovative universities in Europe . It is also renowned for its academic research in humanities and political sciences , hosting some of the largest research centers in France in fields such as political science , urban planning or the sociology of organizations . History . Early history ( 1339–1800 ) . The University of Grenoble was founded on May 12 , 1339 by Humbert II of Viennois , the last independent ruler of Dauphiné , a state of the Holy Roman Empire . Its purpose was to teach civil and canon law , medicine , and the liberal arts . It was considered a leader in the Renaissance revival of the classics and development of liberal arts . Humberts actions were inspired by his granduncle Robert , King of Naples , at whose royal court Humbert spent his youth . King Robert , known as the Wise , skillfully developed Naples from a small port to a lavish city and had a reputation of a cultured man and a generous patron of the arts , friends with such great minds as Petrarch , Boccaccio , and Giotto . Such rich experience contributed to Humberts intention to create a university in his own state , and to do so he visited Pope Benedict XII to get a papal bull of approval . Humbert cared deeply about his students , offering generous aid , protection , and even providing a hundred of them with free housing . Humberts financial losses during the Smyrniote crusades , Black Death , and Dauphinés attachment to France have greatly decreased the activity of the university leading to its closure , since a small mountainous town couldnt support its activity on its own . It was reopened again by Louis XI of France in 1475 in Valence under the name University of Valence , while the original university was restored in Grenoble in 1542 by Francis de Bourbon , Count of St . Pol . The two universities were finally reunited in 1565 . At that point Grenoble was an important center of law practice in France , thus law practice was at the center of the university education . The French Revolution , with its focus on the end to inherited privilege , led to the suppression of most universities in France . To revolutionaries , universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests . Moreover , lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support represented a source of wealth and therefore were confiscated , just as property possessed by the Church . Modern period ( 1800–1968 ) . In 1805–1808 , Napoleon reestablished faculties of law , letters , and science . The Bourbon Restoration had temporarily suppressed the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law , but by the 1850s the universitys activity had begun rapidly developing again . The development of the sciences at the university was spearheaded by the transformation of Grenoble from a regional center to a major supplier of industrial motors and electrical equipment in 1880s . The faculties were formally inaugurated as the University of Grenoble in 1879 in the newly constructed Place de Verdun . There were around 3000 students in 1930 . Significant enrollment growth in the 1960s created pressures on the academic infrastructure of the university ; the library Suzanne Dobelmann helped expand facilities , especially those relating to science and medicine . Recent history ( 1968–present ) . Following riots among university students in May 1968 , a reform of French education occurred . The Orientation Act ( Loi d’Orientation de l’Enseignement Superieur ) of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments , decreased the power of the Ministry of National Education , and created smaller universities , with strengthened administrations . Thus , sharing the fate of all French universities in 1970s , the University of Grenoble was split into four institutions . Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows : - Scientific and Medical University of Grenoble , which in 1987 was renamed Joseph Fourier University ( UJF ) , for sciences , health , and technology - University of Economics and Law , which in 1987 was renamed Pierre Mendès-France University ( UPMF ) , for social sciences and humanities - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , affiliated with UPMF and focusing on political science - University of Languages and Letters , which in 1987 was renamed Stendhal University , for arts and languages - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) for engineering On 1 January 2016 , the first three institutions reunited to restore the original common institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . Although Grenoble-INP remains separate , it is an active member of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes and cooperates very closely with the university not only in research projects , but also by sharing labs , offering mutual courses and training for students and researchers . On 1 January 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) , together with Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , ENSAG School of Architecture , and Community Université Grenoble Alpes merged with the University Grenoble Alpes . Governance . The Université Grenoble Alpes is a public institution of scientific , cultural and professional relevance , which , similar to other universities in France . This means it is an Établissement public à caractère scientifique , culturel et professionnel . It is governed by a board of directors and an academic council elected every four years . The president of the university is elected by the board of Directors after each renewal , and is eligible for re-election once . On 3 December 2015 , staff and students from Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University voted to elect representatives to the central councils of the new university . On 7 January 2016 , the Board of Directors of the Université Grenoble Alpes elected Lise Dumasy as president . It was the first time a woman has been elected to head a merged university in France . The university was one of the central members of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes , a COMUE under the presidency of Patrick Lévy . The association allowed the humanities and social sciences and natural and formal sciences to be represented in the governance of the entire university system of Grenoble . On January 1 , 2020 , the ComUE merged with the University , together with Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG . The merger was organized using the newlsy created legal form of établissements expérimentaux created by the French government to promote the development of leading national universities . Yassine Lakhnech became the president of the newly merged university . Academics . The Université Grenoble Alpes is made up of multiple departments , schools and institutes . - Faculty of sciences - Department of Chemistry and Biology - IM2AG - Department in Computer Science , Mathematics and Applied Mathematics of Grenoble ( IM2AG ) - PhITEM - Department of Physics , Engineering , Earth & Environmental Sciences , Mechanics - OSUG - Grenoble Observatory for Sciences of the Universe - DLST - Department for undergraduate degree in sciences and technology - Grenoble INP - Ense3 - Engineering school in Energy , Water and Environmental sciences - Ensimag - Engineering school in Applied mathematics and Computer Science - Esisar - Engineering school in Advanced Systems and Networks - Génie industriel - School in Industrial engineering and Management - Pagora - Engineering school in Paper , Print media and Biomaterials - Phelma - Engineering school in Physics , Electronics and Materials Science - Grenoble IAE - Graduate School of Management - Polytech Grenoble - Polytechnic Engineering School - Faculty of humanities , health , sports , society ( H3S ) - ARSH - Department of arts and humanities - LE - Department of foreign languages - LLASIC - Department of Languages , Literature , Performing Arts , Information and Communication - SHS - Department of Humanities and Social Sciences - STAPS - Department of physical and sports activities - Faculty of Medicine - Faculty of Pharmacology - Faculties and departments outside of regrouping - Institute of Urban Planning and Alpine Geography ( IUGA ) - Grenoble Law School - Grenoble Faculty of Economics - Sciences Po Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies - ENSAG - Grenoble School of Architecture - University Institutes of Technology - IUT Grenoble 1 - University Institutes of Technology 1 - IUT Grenoble 2 - University Institutes of Technology 2 - IUT de Valence - Valence University Institutes of Technology - Transverse structures - DSDA - Drôme Ardèche Department of Sciences - CUEF - University Centre for French Studies - INSPE - Institute of Education and Teaching - SDL - Languages Office - Doctoral College Research . Covering all disciplinary fields , the Université Grenoble Alpes has 106 research departments spread out in six centres bringing together different types of organizations ( joint research departments , host teams , platforms , etc. ) in the same scientific field . - Humanities and Social Science Centre ( Pôle SHS ) - Chemistry , Biology and Health Centre ( Pôle CBS ) - Mathematics , Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies Centre ( Pôle MSTIC ) - Particle Physics , Astrophysics , Geosciences , the Environment and Ecology Centre ( Pôle PAGE ) - Physics , Engineering and Materials Centre ( Pôle PEM ) - Social Sciences Centre ( Pôle SS ) Multiple research labs are attached to the university . University Grenoble Alpes , though Grenoble INP , cofounded Minatec , an international center on micro-nano technologies , uniting over 3000 researchers and 1200 students . The university hosts one of 4 French national Institutes of Artificial Intelligence . PhD training is administered and governed by the Doctoral College , which regroups 13 doctoral schools . Notable people . UGA has a considerable number of notable alumni in several different fields , ranging from academics to political leaders , executives , and artists . Politics . Many European politicians have studied law , economics , and languages in UGA , including : Reinhold Maier , Helene Weber , Walther Schreiber , Michel Destot , Louis Besson , Bernard Accoyer , Marlène Schiappa , Thierry Repentin , André Vallini and Geoffrey Acland . Other political leaders include : Gaétan Barrette , Minister of Health and Social Services of Canada ; Paul Kaba Thieba , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso ; Abderrahmane Benkhalfa , Minister of Finance of Algeria ; Hazem El Beblawi , Prime Minister of Egypt ; Richard E . Hoagland , US Ambassador ; Abdoulaye Wade , President of Senegal ; Driss Basri , Interior Minister of Morocco ; Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah , Ambassador for Mauritania ; Şenkal Atasagun , Chief of the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey ; Ignas Jonynas , Lithuanian diplomat ; Bill Morneau , Canadian Minister of Finance ; Souvanna Phouma , Prime Minister of Laos ; Ali Al Shami , Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon ; Fathallah Sijilmassi , Moroccan politician and economist ; Mohammed al-Dairi Minister of Foreign Affairs of Libya . UGA alumni also include American journalist Warren D . Leary , French journalists Éric Conan , Olivier Galzi , Mélissa Theuriau Françoise Joly , Laurent Mauduit , Marc Dugain , Philippe Robinet , Caroline Roux , British Joanna Gosling and Safia Shah , and German Jona von Ustinov , who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime . Among social activists who attended UGA , one could find Léo-Paul Lauzon , Léa Roback , Austin Mardon , and the former CEO of the Chicago Urban League James Compton . Mathematics and sciences . Numerous prominent scientists have studied at the Université Grenoble Alpes since the development of the hydro-power in the region in 1880s . Prominent fields include physics , material sciences , and computer sciences with alumni like Yves Bréchet , member of the French Academy of Sciences ; Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli , who worked on the Higgs Boson discovery ; Patrick Cousot , French computer scientist ; Joseph Sifakis , Turing Award laureate ; Claude Boutron , French glaciologist ; Jean-Louis Coatrieux , French researcher in medical imaging ; Michel Cosnard , French computer scientist ; Paul Trendelenburg , German pharmacologist ; Yousef Saad , computer scientist ; Gérard Mourou Nobel Prize laureate , Maurice Nivat , Catherine Ritz , French Antarctic researcher ; Eric Goles , Chilean mathematician ; Pierre Colmez , French mathematician ; René Alphonse Higonnet , French enPineer ; Marlon Dumas , Honduran computer scientist ; Claire Berger , French physicist .
|
[
"Patrick Lévy"
] |
easy
|
Who was the chair of Grenoble Alpes University from 2018 to Dec 2019?
|
/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University#P488#1
|
Grenoble Alpes University The Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA , French : meaning Grenoble Alps University ) is a public research university in Grenoble , France . Founded in 1339 , it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers Established as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois , it split in 1970 following the May 1968 events . Three of the University of Grenobles inheritors—Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University—reunited in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . In 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG merged with the original university . The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses : Domaine Universitaire of 175 ha which straddles Saint-Martin-dHères and Gières , and Campus GIANT of 250 ha in Grenoble . UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence , Chambéry , Les Houches , Villar-dArêne , Mirabel , Échirolles , and La Tronche . The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe , hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France . This allows UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships , including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research ( CNRS ) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ( CEA ) . Overall , Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France after Paris with 22,800 researchers . In April 2019 , UGA is selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence . UGA is traditionally known for its research and education in the natural sciences and engineering , but also law , institutional economics , linguistics , and psychology . It has been cited among the best and most innovative universities in Europe . It is also renowned for its academic research in humanities and political sciences , hosting some of the largest research centers in France in fields such as political science , urban planning or the sociology of organizations . History . Early history ( 1339–1800 ) . The University of Grenoble was founded on May 12 , 1339 by Humbert II of Viennois , the last independent ruler of Dauphiné , a state of the Holy Roman Empire . Its purpose was to teach civil and canon law , medicine , and the liberal arts . It was considered a leader in the Renaissance revival of the classics and development of liberal arts . Humberts actions were inspired by his granduncle Robert , King of Naples , at whose royal court Humbert spent his youth . King Robert , known as the Wise , skillfully developed Naples from a small port to a lavish city and had a reputation of a cultured man and a generous patron of the arts , friends with such great minds as Petrarch , Boccaccio , and Giotto . Such rich experience contributed to Humberts intention to create a university in his own state , and to do so he visited Pope Benedict XII to get a papal bull of approval . Humbert cared deeply about his students , offering generous aid , protection , and even providing a hundred of them with free housing . Humberts financial losses during the Smyrniote crusades , Black Death , and Dauphinés attachment to France have greatly decreased the activity of the university leading to its closure , since a small mountainous town couldnt support its activity on its own . It was reopened again by Louis XI of France in 1475 in Valence under the name University of Valence , while the original university was restored in Grenoble in 1542 by Francis de Bourbon , Count of St . Pol . The two universities were finally reunited in 1565 . At that point Grenoble was an important center of law practice in France , thus law practice was at the center of the university education . The French Revolution , with its focus on the end to inherited privilege , led to the suppression of most universities in France . To revolutionaries , universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests . Moreover , lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support represented a source of wealth and therefore were confiscated , just as property possessed by the Church . Modern period ( 1800–1968 ) . In 1805–1808 , Napoleon reestablished faculties of law , letters , and science . The Bourbon Restoration had temporarily suppressed the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law , but by the 1850s the universitys activity had begun rapidly developing again . The development of the sciences at the university was spearheaded by the transformation of Grenoble from a regional center to a major supplier of industrial motors and electrical equipment in 1880s . The faculties were formally inaugurated as the University of Grenoble in 1879 in the newly constructed Place de Verdun . There were around 3000 students in 1930 . Significant enrollment growth in the 1960s created pressures on the academic infrastructure of the university ; the library Suzanne Dobelmann helped expand facilities , especially those relating to science and medicine . Recent history ( 1968–present ) . Following riots among university students in May 1968 , a reform of French education occurred . The Orientation Act ( Loi d’Orientation de l’Enseignement Superieur ) of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments , decreased the power of the Ministry of National Education , and created smaller universities , with strengthened administrations . Thus , sharing the fate of all French universities in 1970s , the University of Grenoble was split into four institutions . Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows : - Scientific and Medical University of Grenoble , which in 1987 was renamed Joseph Fourier University ( UJF ) , for sciences , health , and technology - University of Economics and Law , which in 1987 was renamed Pierre Mendès-France University ( UPMF ) , for social sciences and humanities - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , affiliated with UPMF and focusing on political science - University of Languages and Letters , which in 1987 was renamed Stendhal University , for arts and languages - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) for engineering On 1 January 2016 , the first three institutions reunited to restore the original common institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . Although Grenoble-INP remains separate , it is an active member of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes and cooperates very closely with the university not only in research projects , but also by sharing labs , offering mutual courses and training for students and researchers . On 1 January 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) , together with Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , ENSAG School of Architecture , and Community Université Grenoble Alpes merged with the University Grenoble Alpes . Governance . The Université Grenoble Alpes is a public institution of scientific , cultural and professional relevance , which , similar to other universities in France . This means it is an Établissement public à caractère scientifique , culturel et professionnel . It is governed by a board of directors and an academic council elected every four years . The president of the university is elected by the board of Directors after each renewal , and is eligible for re-election once . On 3 December 2015 , staff and students from Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University voted to elect representatives to the central councils of the new university . On 7 January 2016 , the Board of Directors of the Université Grenoble Alpes elected Lise Dumasy as president . It was the first time a woman has been elected to head a merged university in France . The university was one of the central members of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes , a COMUE under the presidency of Patrick Lévy . The association allowed the humanities and social sciences and natural and formal sciences to be represented in the governance of the entire university system of Grenoble . On January 1 , 2020 , the ComUE merged with the University , together with Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG . The merger was organized using the newlsy created legal form of établissements expérimentaux created by the French government to promote the development of leading national universities . Yassine Lakhnech became the president of the newly merged university . Academics . The Université Grenoble Alpes is made up of multiple departments , schools and institutes . - Faculty of sciences - Department of Chemistry and Biology - IM2AG - Department in Computer Science , Mathematics and Applied Mathematics of Grenoble ( IM2AG ) - PhITEM - Department of Physics , Engineering , Earth & Environmental Sciences , Mechanics - OSUG - Grenoble Observatory for Sciences of the Universe - DLST - Department for undergraduate degree in sciences and technology - Grenoble INP - Ense3 - Engineering school in Energy , Water and Environmental sciences - Ensimag - Engineering school in Applied mathematics and Computer Science - Esisar - Engineering school in Advanced Systems and Networks - Génie industriel - School in Industrial engineering and Management - Pagora - Engineering school in Paper , Print media and Biomaterials - Phelma - Engineering school in Physics , Electronics and Materials Science - Grenoble IAE - Graduate School of Management - Polytech Grenoble - Polytechnic Engineering School - Faculty of humanities , health , sports , society ( H3S ) - ARSH - Department of arts and humanities - LE - Department of foreign languages - LLASIC - Department of Languages , Literature , Performing Arts , Information and Communication - SHS - Department of Humanities and Social Sciences - STAPS - Department of physical and sports activities - Faculty of Medicine - Faculty of Pharmacology - Faculties and departments outside of regrouping - Institute of Urban Planning and Alpine Geography ( IUGA ) - Grenoble Law School - Grenoble Faculty of Economics - Sciences Po Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies - ENSAG - Grenoble School of Architecture - University Institutes of Technology - IUT Grenoble 1 - University Institutes of Technology 1 - IUT Grenoble 2 - University Institutes of Technology 2 - IUT de Valence - Valence University Institutes of Technology - Transverse structures - DSDA - Drôme Ardèche Department of Sciences - CUEF - University Centre for French Studies - INSPE - Institute of Education and Teaching - SDL - Languages Office - Doctoral College Research . Covering all disciplinary fields , the Université Grenoble Alpes has 106 research departments spread out in six centres bringing together different types of organizations ( joint research departments , host teams , platforms , etc. ) in the same scientific field . - Humanities and Social Science Centre ( Pôle SHS ) - Chemistry , Biology and Health Centre ( Pôle CBS ) - Mathematics , Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies Centre ( Pôle MSTIC ) - Particle Physics , Astrophysics , Geosciences , the Environment and Ecology Centre ( Pôle PAGE ) - Physics , Engineering and Materials Centre ( Pôle PEM ) - Social Sciences Centre ( Pôle SS ) Multiple research labs are attached to the university . University Grenoble Alpes , though Grenoble INP , cofounded Minatec , an international center on micro-nano technologies , uniting over 3000 researchers and 1200 students . The university hosts one of 4 French national Institutes of Artificial Intelligence . PhD training is administered and governed by the Doctoral College , which regroups 13 doctoral schools . Notable people . UGA has a considerable number of notable alumni in several different fields , ranging from academics to political leaders , executives , and artists . Politics . Many European politicians have studied law , economics , and languages in UGA , including : Reinhold Maier , Helene Weber , Walther Schreiber , Michel Destot , Louis Besson , Bernard Accoyer , Marlène Schiappa , Thierry Repentin , André Vallini and Geoffrey Acland . Other political leaders include : Gaétan Barrette , Minister of Health and Social Services of Canada ; Paul Kaba Thieba , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso ; Abderrahmane Benkhalfa , Minister of Finance of Algeria ; Hazem El Beblawi , Prime Minister of Egypt ; Richard E . Hoagland , US Ambassador ; Abdoulaye Wade , President of Senegal ; Driss Basri , Interior Minister of Morocco ; Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah , Ambassador for Mauritania ; Şenkal Atasagun , Chief of the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey ; Ignas Jonynas , Lithuanian diplomat ; Bill Morneau , Canadian Minister of Finance ; Souvanna Phouma , Prime Minister of Laos ; Ali Al Shami , Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon ; Fathallah Sijilmassi , Moroccan politician and economist ; Mohammed al-Dairi Minister of Foreign Affairs of Libya . UGA alumni also include American journalist Warren D . Leary , French journalists Éric Conan , Olivier Galzi , Mélissa Theuriau Françoise Joly , Laurent Mauduit , Marc Dugain , Philippe Robinet , Caroline Roux , British Joanna Gosling and Safia Shah , and German Jona von Ustinov , who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime . Among social activists who attended UGA , one could find Léo-Paul Lauzon , Léa Roback , Austin Mardon , and the former CEO of the Chicago Urban League James Compton . Mathematics and sciences . Numerous prominent scientists have studied at the Université Grenoble Alpes since the development of the hydro-power in the region in 1880s . Prominent fields include physics , material sciences , and computer sciences with alumni like Yves Bréchet , member of the French Academy of Sciences ; Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli , who worked on the Higgs Boson discovery ; Patrick Cousot , French computer scientist ; Joseph Sifakis , Turing Award laureate ; Claude Boutron , French glaciologist ; Jean-Louis Coatrieux , French researcher in medical imaging ; Michel Cosnard , French computer scientist ; Paul Trendelenburg , German pharmacologist ; Yousef Saad , computer scientist ; Gérard Mourou Nobel Prize laureate , Maurice Nivat , Catherine Ritz , French Antarctic researcher ; Eric Goles , Chilean mathematician ; Pierre Colmez , French mathematician ; René Alphonse Higonnet , French enPineer ; Marlon Dumas , Honduran computer scientist ; Claire Berger , French physicist .
|
[
"Yassine Lakhnech"
] |
easy
|
Who was the chair of Grenoble Alpes University from 2020 to 2021?
|
/wiki/Grenoble_Alpes_University#P488#2
|
Grenoble Alpes University The Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA , French : meaning Grenoble Alps University ) is a public research university in Grenoble , France . Founded in 1339 , it is the third largest university in France with about 60,000 students and over 3,000 researchers Established as the University of Grenoble by Humbert II of Viennois , it split in 1970 following the May 1968 events . Three of the University of Grenobles inheritors—Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University—reunited in 2016 to restore the original institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . In 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG merged with the original university . The university is organized around two closely located urban campuses : Domaine Universitaire of 175 ha which straddles Saint-Martin-dHères and Gières , and Campus GIANT of 250 ha in Grenoble . UGA also owns and operates facilities in Valence , Chambéry , Les Houches , Villar-dArêne , Mirabel , Échirolles , and La Tronche . The city of Grenoble is one of the largest scientific centers in Europe , hosting facilities of every existing public research institution in France . This allows UGA to have hundreds of research and teaching partnerships , including close collaboration with the French National Centre for Scientific Research ( CNRS ) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ( CEA ) . Overall , Grenoble as a city is the largest research center in France after Paris with 22,800 researchers . In April 2019 , UGA is selected to host one of the four French institutes in artificial intelligence . UGA is traditionally known for its research and education in the natural sciences and engineering , but also law , institutional economics , linguistics , and psychology . It has been cited among the best and most innovative universities in Europe . It is also renowned for its academic research in humanities and political sciences , hosting some of the largest research centers in France in fields such as political science , urban planning or the sociology of organizations . History . Early history ( 1339–1800 ) . The University of Grenoble was founded on May 12 , 1339 by Humbert II of Viennois , the last independent ruler of Dauphiné , a state of the Holy Roman Empire . Its purpose was to teach civil and canon law , medicine , and the liberal arts . It was considered a leader in the Renaissance revival of the classics and development of liberal arts . Humberts actions were inspired by his granduncle Robert , King of Naples , at whose royal court Humbert spent his youth . King Robert , known as the Wise , skillfully developed Naples from a small port to a lavish city and had a reputation of a cultured man and a generous patron of the arts , friends with such great minds as Petrarch , Boccaccio , and Giotto . Such rich experience contributed to Humberts intention to create a university in his own state , and to do so he visited Pope Benedict XII to get a papal bull of approval . Humbert cared deeply about his students , offering generous aid , protection , and even providing a hundred of them with free housing . Humberts financial losses during the Smyrniote crusades , Black Death , and Dauphinés attachment to France have greatly decreased the activity of the university leading to its closure , since a small mountainous town couldnt support its activity on its own . It was reopened again by Louis XI of France in 1475 in Valence under the name University of Valence , while the original university was restored in Grenoble in 1542 by Francis de Bourbon , Count of St . Pol . The two universities were finally reunited in 1565 . At that point Grenoble was an important center of law practice in France , thus law practice was at the center of the university education . The French Revolution , with its focus on the end to inherited privilege , led to the suppression of most universities in France . To revolutionaries , universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests . Moreover , lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support represented a source of wealth and therefore were confiscated , just as property possessed by the Church . Modern period ( 1800–1968 ) . In 1805–1808 , Napoleon reestablished faculties of law , letters , and science . The Bourbon Restoration had temporarily suppressed the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law , but by the 1850s the universitys activity had begun rapidly developing again . The development of the sciences at the university was spearheaded by the transformation of Grenoble from a regional center to a major supplier of industrial motors and electrical equipment in 1880s . The faculties were formally inaugurated as the University of Grenoble in 1879 in the newly constructed Place de Verdun . There were around 3000 students in 1930 . Significant enrollment growth in the 1960s created pressures on the academic infrastructure of the university ; the library Suzanne Dobelmann helped expand facilities , especially those relating to science and medicine . Recent history ( 1968–present ) . Following riots among university students in May 1968 , a reform of French education occurred . The Orientation Act ( Loi d’Orientation de l’Enseignement Superieur ) of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments , decreased the power of the Ministry of National Education , and created smaller universities , with strengthened administrations . Thus , sharing the fate of all French universities in 1970s , the University of Grenoble was split into four institutions . Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows : - Scientific and Medical University of Grenoble , which in 1987 was renamed Joseph Fourier University ( UJF ) , for sciences , health , and technology - University of Economics and Law , which in 1987 was renamed Pierre Mendès-France University ( UPMF ) , for social sciences and humanities - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , affiliated with UPMF and focusing on political science - University of Languages and Letters , which in 1987 was renamed Stendhal University , for arts and languages - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) for engineering On 1 January 2016 , the first three institutions reunited to restore the original common institution under the name Université Grenoble Alpes . Although Grenoble-INP remains separate , it is an active member of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes and cooperates very closely with the university not only in research projects , but also by sharing labs , offering mutual courses and training for students and researchers . On 1 January 2020 , Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble-INP ) , together with Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , ENSAG School of Architecture , and Community Université Grenoble Alpes merged with the University Grenoble Alpes . Governance . The Université Grenoble Alpes is a public institution of scientific , cultural and professional relevance , which , similar to other universities in France . This means it is an Établissement public à caractère scientifique , culturel et professionnel . It is governed by a board of directors and an academic council elected every four years . The president of the university is elected by the board of Directors after each renewal , and is eligible for re-election once . On 3 December 2015 , staff and students from Joseph Fourier University , Pierre Mendès-France University , and Stendhal University voted to elect representatives to the central councils of the new university . On 7 January 2016 , the Board of Directors of the Université Grenoble Alpes elected Lise Dumasy as president . It was the first time a woman has been elected to head a merged university in France . The university was one of the central members of the Community Université Grenoble Alpes , a COMUE under the presidency of Patrick Lévy . The association allowed the humanities and social sciences and natural and formal sciences to be represented in the governance of the entire university system of Grenoble . On January 1 , 2020 , the ComUE merged with the University , together with Grenoble Institute of Technology , Grenoble Institute of Political Studies , and Grenoble School of Architecture ENSAG . The merger was organized using the newlsy created legal form of établissements expérimentaux created by the French government to promote the development of leading national universities . Yassine Lakhnech became the president of the newly merged university . Academics . The Université Grenoble Alpes is made up of multiple departments , schools and institutes . - Faculty of sciences - Department of Chemistry and Biology - IM2AG - Department in Computer Science , Mathematics and Applied Mathematics of Grenoble ( IM2AG ) - PhITEM - Department of Physics , Engineering , Earth & Environmental Sciences , Mechanics - OSUG - Grenoble Observatory for Sciences of the Universe - DLST - Department for undergraduate degree in sciences and technology - Grenoble INP - Ense3 - Engineering school in Energy , Water and Environmental sciences - Ensimag - Engineering school in Applied mathematics and Computer Science - Esisar - Engineering school in Advanced Systems and Networks - Génie industriel - School in Industrial engineering and Management - Pagora - Engineering school in Paper , Print media and Biomaterials - Phelma - Engineering school in Physics , Electronics and Materials Science - Grenoble IAE - Graduate School of Management - Polytech Grenoble - Polytechnic Engineering School - Faculty of humanities , health , sports , society ( H3S ) - ARSH - Department of arts and humanities - LE - Department of foreign languages - LLASIC - Department of Languages , Literature , Performing Arts , Information and Communication - SHS - Department of Humanities and Social Sciences - STAPS - Department of physical and sports activities - Faculty of Medicine - Faculty of Pharmacology - Faculties and departments outside of regrouping - Institute of Urban Planning and Alpine Geography ( IUGA ) - Grenoble Law School - Grenoble Faculty of Economics - Sciences Po Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Political Studies - ENSAG - Grenoble School of Architecture - University Institutes of Technology - IUT Grenoble 1 - University Institutes of Technology 1 - IUT Grenoble 2 - University Institutes of Technology 2 - IUT de Valence - Valence University Institutes of Technology - Transverse structures - DSDA - Drôme Ardèche Department of Sciences - CUEF - University Centre for French Studies - INSPE - Institute of Education and Teaching - SDL - Languages Office - Doctoral College Research . Covering all disciplinary fields , the Université Grenoble Alpes has 106 research departments spread out in six centres bringing together different types of organizations ( joint research departments , host teams , platforms , etc. ) in the same scientific field . - Humanities and Social Science Centre ( Pôle SHS ) - Chemistry , Biology and Health Centre ( Pôle CBS ) - Mathematics , Information and Communication Sciences and Technologies Centre ( Pôle MSTIC ) - Particle Physics , Astrophysics , Geosciences , the Environment and Ecology Centre ( Pôle PAGE ) - Physics , Engineering and Materials Centre ( Pôle PEM ) - Social Sciences Centre ( Pôle SS ) Multiple research labs are attached to the university . University Grenoble Alpes , though Grenoble INP , cofounded Minatec , an international center on micro-nano technologies , uniting over 3000 researchers and 1200 students . The university hosts one of 4 French national Institutes of Artificial Intelligence . PhD training is administered and governed by the Doctoral College , which regroups 13 doctoral schools . Notable people . UGA has a considerable number of notable alumni in several different fields , ranging from academics to political leaders , executives , and artists . Politics . Many European politicians have studied law , economics , and languages in UGA , including : Reinhold Maier , Helene Weber , Walther Schreiber , Michel Destot , Louis Besson , Bernard Accoyer , Marlène Schiappa , Thierry Repentin , André Vallini and Geoffrey Acland . Other political leaders include : Gaétan Barrette , Minister of Health and Social Services of Canada ; Paul Kaba Thieba , Prime Minister of Burkina Faso ; Abderrahmane Benkhalfa , Minister of Finance of Algeria ; Hazem El Beblawi , Prime Minister of Egypt ; Richard E . Hoagland , US Ambassador ; Abdoulaye Wade , President of Senegal ; Driss Basri , Interior Minister of Morocco ; Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah , Ambassador for Mauritania ; Şenkal Atasagun , Chief of the National Intelligence Organization of Turkey ; Ignas Jonynas , Lithuanian diplomat ; Bill Morneau , Canadian Minister of Finance ; Souvanna Phouma , Prime Minister of Laos ; Ali Al Shami , Minister of Foreign Affairs of Lebanon ; Fathallah Sijilmassi , Moroccan politician and economist ; Mohammed al-Dairi Minister of Foreign Affairs of Libya . UGA alumni also include American journalist Warren D . Leary , French journalists Éric Conan , Olivier Galzi , Mélissa Theuriau Françoise Joly , Laurent Mauduit , Marc Dugain , Philippe Robinet , Caroline Roux , British Joanna Gosling and Safia Shah , and German Jona von Ustinov , who worked for MI5 during the time of the Nazi regime . Among social activists who attended UGA , one could find Léo-Paul Lauzon , Léa Roback , Austin Mardon , and the former CEO of the Chicago Urban League James Compton . Mathematics and sciences . Numerous prominent scientists have studied at the Université Grenoble Alpes since the development of the hydro-power in the region in 1880s . Prominent fields include physics , material sciences , and computer sciences with alumni like Yves Bréchet , member of the French Academy of Sciences ; Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli , who worked on the Higgs Boson discovery ; Patrick Cousot , French computer scientist ; Joseph Sifakis , Turing Award laureate ; Claude Boutron , French glaciologist ; Jean-Louis Coatrieux , French researcher in medical imaging ; Michel Cosnard , French computer scientist ; Paul Trendelenburg , German pharmacologist ; Yousef Saad , computer scientist ; Gérard Mourou Nobel Prize laureate , Maurice Nivat , Catherine Ritz , French Antarctic researcher ; Eric Goles , Chilean mathematician ; Pierre Colmez , French mathematician ; René Alphonse Higonnet , French enPineer ; Marlon Dumas , Honduran computer scientist ; Claire Berger , French physicist .
|
[
"Simpson Thacher & Bartlett"
] |
easy
|
Which employer did Val Ackerman work for from 1986 to 1988?
|
/wiki/Val_Ackerman#P108#0
|
Val Ackerman Valerie B . Ackerman ( born November 7 , 1959 in Lakewood Township , New Jersey ) is an American sports executive , former lawyer , and former basketball player . She is the current commissioner of the Big East Conference . She is best known for being the first president of the Womens National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) , serving from 1996 to 2005 . Ackerman was inducted into the Womens Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011 . Early life . Ackerman was born in 1959 in Lakewood Township , New Jersey , but grew up in Pennington , New Jersey , United States . She was raised Roman Catholic . Her grandfather was director of athletics for Trenton State College , and her father was director of athletics at Ackermans own high school . Ackerman graduated in 1977 from Hopewell Valley Central High School in Hopewell Township , Mercer County , New Jersey . Ackermans 1466 points set the schools varsity basketball career record for points scored by any basketball player , male or female , and she set the schools career scoring record as a halfback in field hockey , topped off by graduating second in her class . In addition to basketball and field hockey , Ackerman also ran on her schools track team . She was inducted into the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 1997 . College years . Ackerman was a 1979 student initiate of Omicron Delta Kappa from the University of Virginia , where she graduated in 1981 . She was among the schools first female students to receive an athletic scholarship . She was a starter all four years , captain three years , and twice named Academic All-American for the womens basketball team ; she was the schools first basketball player to score 1,000 points . She earned her B.A . in Political and Social Thought . In 1997 , Ackerman received U . Va.s Distinguished Alumna Award from the Universitys Womens Center . In 2003 , she was named a member of the Atlantic Coast Conferences 50th Anniversary Womens Basketball Team . Ackerman also earned a law degree from the University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) , and worked for two years as a corporate and banking associate at the New York City law firm of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett . Career . Ackerman played professional basketball in France for one season . In 1988 , she was hired as a staff attorney for the National Basketball Association and later served as special assistant to NBA Commissioner David Stern , before being promoted to vice-president of business affairs , prior to her appointment to head the WNBA in 1996 . In 1989 , Ackerman was one of the NBAs first appointees to the Board of Directors of USA Basketball — the organization responsible for the selection and training of the teams that represent the United States in international tournaments , including both the World Cup and the Olympics . In that capacity , she acted as a liaison between the NBA and USA Basketball regarding the 1992 Olympics , 1994 World Championships and 1996 Olympics . From 1995 to 1996 , she was a driving force behind the creation of the USA Basketball Womens National Team program that culminated with a 60–0 record and the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics . On August 7 , 1996 , Ackerman was named president of the WNBA . Over the course of her historic eight-year term , Ackerman would become the first woman ever to successfully launch and operate a womens team sports league . On February 1 , 2005 she stepped down , and Donna Orender was named as her successor ; Laurel Richie succeeded Orender in 2011 . In April 2005 , Ackerman was named to Sports Business Journals list of the 20 Most Influential Women in Sports Business . In May 2005 , she became the first female president of USA Basketball for the 2005–2008 term , succeeding Tom Jernstedt from the NCAA , who served from 2000 to 2004 . During her term , she oversaw a restructuring of the USA Basketball Board of Directors , and gold medal performances by the mens and womens basketball teams at the Beijing Olympics . In 2006 , Ackerman was named the U.S . delegate to the Central Board of the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) , which is basketballs worldwide governing body , and was elected for a second four-year term in 2010 . She is also a member of FIBAs Competition Commission . As of 2013 , Ackerman serves on the Executive Committee of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame , the Board of Directors of the Womens Basketball Hall of Fame , the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics , and both the NCAAs Womens Basketball Competition Committee and its Honors Committee . She is a past member of the National Board of Directors of Girls Incorporated , the Board of Directors of the Virginia Athletics Foundation , and the National Board of Trustees for the March of Dimes . Also in 2006 , she was named a recipient of the NCAAs Silver Anniversary Award , which is awarded to former student athletes who have achieved personal distinction since graduation . In 2008 , she received the IOCs Women of Distinction diploma , and the John Bunn Lifetime Achievement Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . Since 2009 , she has been a member of the adjunct faculty for Columbia Universitys Master of Science in Sports Management Program , where she has taught Leadership and Personnel Management with Neal Pilson , former President of CBS Sports . In 2010 , she was named an inductee of the Womens Basketball Hall of Fames Class of 2011 . In 2011 , she was named a Champion in Sports Business by Sports Business Journal . The Womens Sports Foundation named Ackerman one of its 40 for 40 honorees as part of its celebration of the 40th anniversary of Title IX in 2012 . On June 26 , 2013 , she was named as the commissioner of the Big East Conference , which split from the American Athletic Conference that year . Also in 2013 , Ackerman received USA Basketballs Edward S . Steitz Award . She has also been a contributing columnist for ESPNW.com . Awards and honors . Ackermans other honors have included the Brandweek Co-Marketer of the Year Award in 1997 , which she shared with Rick Welts , then President of NBA Properties ; the New Jersey Sportswriters Association Executive of the Year Award in 1998 ; the March of Dimes Sports Achievement Award in 1997 ; induction into the GTE Academic All-America Hall of Fame in 1999 ; and the National Mothers Day Committees Outstanding Mother Award in 2002 . She was inducted into the Womens Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011 . Ackerman has also been inducted into the International Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame ; received the National Women of Distinction Award from Girl Scouts of the USA ; and was granted a Women And Sport Achievement Diploma by the International Olympic Committee . Ackerman report . In November 2012 , Ackerman was hired by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) to study the womens game and come up with recommendations for improvement . She conveyed preliminary conclusions in a presentation at a Womens Basketball Coaches Association convention , and followed up with a formal written report in June 2013 . Some of the proposals including cutting the number of scholarships ( to improve parity ) , changing the dates or locations of the NCAA Tournament , and possible rules changes such as reducing the shot clock . Personal life . Ackerman lives in New York City with her husband , Charles Rappaport . They have two daughters , Emily and Sally .
|
Subsets and Splits
Filter Context Length 4000-1
The query filters and retrieves records based on context length, which is a basic filtering operation providing limited insight.
Filter Short Contexts
Basic filtering that returns records with a context length less than 2000 characters, providing limited analytical value.
Context Length Between 2000-4
Filters and retrieves records where the context length is between 2000 and 4000 characters, providing a basic filter on content length.
Filter Context Length 4k-7k
Filters records to show those with context lengths between 4000 and 7500 characters, providing a basic range analysis of context sizes.
Short Context Records
This query retrieves records with a context length less than 950 characters, providing basic filtering but minimal analytical insight.