chunk_id
stringlengths 5
8
| chunk
stringlengths 1
1k
|
|---|---|
435_12 | On 10 April 2017, Eurosport and Sky Sports announced that Campbell would be involved in a WBA lightweight title eliminator against former WBA interim lightweight titlist Darleys Pérez (33–2–2, 21 KOs) on the Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko undercard at the Wembley Stadium on 29 April 2017. The winner would be in the number one position to challenge champion Jorge Linares. Pérez weighed over the limit at 136.3 pounds, so had he won the bout, he would not have been eligible for the mandatory spot. Campbell racked up the win via a ninth-round stoppage win, which was due to injury. It was said that Pérez hurt his left arm after a throwing a left hook. He signaled to the referee that he could not continue and the fight was stopped at 1 minute 28 seconds into the round. Although Pérez started the fight well, enough to win the first three rounds, he physically looked gassed by the later rounds where Campbell took over. With the win, Campbell was made the new mandatory challenger to WBA |
435_13 | champion Jorge Linares. Eddie Hearn said he would speak to Golden Boy Promotions to push things forward for the fight to be made. |
435_14 | World title challenge |
435_15 | Campbell vs. Linares |
435_16 | Golden Boy Promotions matchmaker, Robert Diaz, announced that WBA and The Ring lightweight champion Jorge Linares (42–3, 27 KOs) would next fight on 23 September 2017 and ruled out Campbell as his opponent. The plan being to have Campbell to fight on the undercard. If both fighters win their respected bouts, they would meet in the future. On 21 July 2017 the WBA ordered Linares to make a mandatory defence against Campbell. As per WBA rules, a titleholder must fight a mandatory within nine months, this time would expire on 23 July, having won the title from Crolla in September 2016. Both sides were given 30 days to come to an agreement for the fight. On 27 July, a deal was reached for Linares and Campbell to fight at The Forum in Inglewood, California on 23 September 2017. The bout will be shown live on Sky Sports in the UK and on HBO: Boxing After Dark in the US. In an interview, Linares said, "I am excited to make my return to the US and to headline a HBO show for the first time. I |
435_17 | know Campbell is a tough [...] I am confident that I will emerge victorious on September 23rd." This fight would mark the second time Campbell fights professionally in California. In front of 4,125, Linares won his twelfth straight fight, retaining his WBA world title after twelve rounds against Campbell. One judge scored the fight 115–113 for Campbell, the remaining two had it 115–112 and 114–113 in favour of Linares, giving him the split decision win. ESPN.com also scored the fight 115–112 for Linares. Linares dropped Campbell with a straight right hand to the head in round two. Between rounds five and nine, Campbell took control of the fight. Linares began winning the championship rounds. Had Campbell not been knocked down early in the fight, the verdict would have been a split draw. |
435_18 | Campbell believed he won the fight, speaking to Max Kellerman he said, "No one can ever doubt my heart. Yeah, I got off to a rocky start. He hit me with a nice, clean shot in the second round, caught me on the eye, cut it. I wasn’t dazed. From there, I had double vision in one eye for the rest of the fight. But from then, I out-classed him. I thought I won the fight. He’s a great champion, but I thought I out-classed him. I didn't think he was landing any shots whatsoever, and I was catching him with all the clean shots." Linares praised Campbell for his efforts, "He was a tough opponent. Many people said he was very easy, but it’s not for no reason he’s an Olympic champion. I fought very well all the way to the twelfth round. And I think in the fifth round, I started to box him a little bit because I didn't wanna get hurt." CompuBox stats showed Linares landed 140 of 414 thrown (34%), while Campbell was credited to landing 141 of his 524 thrown (27%). After the fight, promoter Eddie |
435_19 | Hearn stated that Campbell could fight the winner of Crolla vs. Burns or another possible opponent would be WBO lightweight champion Terry Flanagan. A day after the fight, Campell revealed that his father had died of cancer two weeks before the fight. Campbell was in the US at his training camp when his father died at home, with family members. The fight drew an average of 687,000 viewers and peaked at 726,000 viewers on HBO. |
435_20 | Regaining composure
On 3 May 2018, it was announced by Matchroom that Campbell would appear on the Bellew-Haye II card the next day at the O2 Arena in London in a six-round fight. Campbell fought and defeated Troy James (20-5-1, 5 KOs). In round two, Campbell hit James with a left uppercut followed by a right hand that dropped him. James quickly recovered and survived the remainder of the round. In round four, Campbell dropped James with a hard shot, again James showed heart in getting up off the canvas. In the following round, Campbell started to unload and landed a barrage of unanswered punches before the referee stepped in to stop the fight. |
435_21 | On 31 July, Campbell announced Shane McGuigan as his new trainer. Speaking on the partnership, Campbell said, "I'm incredibly excited to be teaming up with Shane. I've always heard good things about him within boxing but having trained under him for a few weeks now I can vouch for just how good he is. We've already struck up a great relationship and I have no doubt he is going to help take me to the next level. I want to become a world champion and Shane has a proven track record of achieving that with his fighters. It's a thriving gym with a great atmosphere and world class fighters, and that's where I want to be." In his statement, McGuigan said he would help Campbell become an elite as well as win a world title. |
435_22 | Campbell vs. Mendy II
On 6 August, Sky Sports announced the rematch between Campbell and 33 year old French boxer Yvan Mendy (40-4-1, 19 KOs) was confirmed to take place on the Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander Povetkin undercard at the Wembley Stadium in London on 22 September. Since defeating Campbell in their first fight in December 2015, Mendy had gone on to win seven fights in a row and picked up a #1 ranking with WBC at lightweight. Hearn called the bout a 'true 50–50 fight' as both boxers had improved since their first meeting. Campbell won the bout on points to avenge the earlier defeat. After twelve rounds the scorecards read 119–109, 118–111 and 116–112 in favour or Campbell. Mendy had his moments in the earlier rounds, but once Campbell adjusted, he was able to box and move to pound out a decision victory in what was a WBC lightweight title eliminator. |
435_23 | Campbell vs. Yung
On 15 March 2019, Campbell, who was now the mandatory challenger to Mikey Garcia's WBC lightweight title, travelled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to take on Adrian Yung. Both men had never been stopped prior to the bout, but that changed when Campbell landed a left hook in the fifth round followed by a flurry of punches which forced the referee to halt the fight, making Campbell the winner by fifth-round technical knockout.
Second world title challenge
Campbell vs. Lomachenko
On 31 August 2019, Campbell challenged the top pound-for-pound fighter and three-division world champion, Vasiliy Lomachenko, for the WBA (Super), WBO, The Ring, and vacant WBC lightweight titles at The O2 Arena in London. |
435_24 | Prior to the fight on 22 August 2019, Sky Sports released "The Gloves are Off: The Debate (Lomachenko vs. Campbell)" segment, hosted by former cruiserweight world champion Johnny Nelson, with retired, former world champions Tony Bellew, Carl Froch, David Haye and Paulie Malignaggi giving their pre-fight analysis as part of the lead up to the fight. Although all parties agreed Campbell will be the underdog going into the fight, with the odds being stacked in Lomachenko's favour, all praised Campbell's skill and amateur pedigree, with Malignaggi insisting Campbell is "one of the better fighters in the world to have not won a world championship."
On the night of the fight, Lomachenko put on a dominant display, dropping Campbell in the eleventh round and winning a wide unanimous decision with scores of 119-108, 119-108, 118-109.
Final fight and retirement |
435_25 | Campbell vs. García
On 2 January 2021, Campbell faced undefeated Ryan García for the vacant WBC interim lightweight title in what would ultimately be his final professional fight. Despite entering as the pre-fight betting underdog, Campbell dropped his opponent in the second round with a left hand, from which García recovered. García returned the favour in the seventh round, by dropping Campbell with a left hook to the body. Campbell, however, was not able to beat the count and suffered the first and only stoppage loss of his career. |
435_26 | On 30 July 2021, Campbell announced his retirement from boxing. He released a statement on Twitter, saying, "Every fight, right the way from my debut on 13th June 2013, up to my last on 2nd January 2021, the cheers and messages of encouragement have always been monumental. Throughout my career I've tried to test myself against the very best in the industry and never shied away from anyone. I'm so grateful this hasn't gone unnoticed from supporters and I appreciate you all."
Personal life
Campbell was born in Hull and supports local football team Hull City. He has three sons with his wife Lynsey Kraanen. Campbell has a notable boxing heritage, with his grandfather having been an Irish boxing champion. Many of Campbell's relatives still live in Ireland. |
435_27 | Two weeks before Campbell fought for the WBA and ring lightweight titles against Jorge Linares his father passed away. Campbell did not tell anyone as he did not want the Linares camp thinking it was a weakness. Speaking on this he said "I probably cried once a day. I had to try and shut my feelings off. After the fight I had a good cry. The only thing that kept me going is I know what my dad would have wanted for me."
In the media
In December 2012 it was announced that Campbell would take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice series 8 which started on 6 January 2013, skating with professional Jenna Smith. He reached the final of Dancing On Ice 2013 with Beth Tweddle and Matt Lapinskas.
Professional boxing record
See also
2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics gold post boxes
References
External links
Luke Campbell - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live |
435_28 | 1987 births
Living people
English male boxers
Bantamweight boxers
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers of Great Britain
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
English Olympic medallists
English people of Irish descent
Sportspeople from Kingston upon Hull
Olympic medalists in boxing
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Commonwealth Boxing Council champions
Lightweight boxers
Southpaw boxers |
436_0 | Founded in 1991, the National Coalition of Girls' Schools (NCGS) is a non-profit membership association serving Pre-K through 12th-grade girls' schools throughout the U.S., Canada, and abroad. Its members are independent, public, charter, and religiously-affiliated schools. NCGS provides professional development opportunities like international conferences and regional symposiums, research on the outcomes of girls' schools, advocacy outreach, and networking events for educators to connect and collaborate. |
436_1 | History
In the late 1980s, two educators, Rachel Belash, Head of Miss Porter's School (CT) and President of the Coalition of Girls' Boarding Schools and Arlene Gibson, Head of Kent Place School (NJ) and President of the Coalition of Girls' Day Schools, each issued a call to action among their respective all-girls boarding and day school colleagues. These visionary women had no doubt about the value and benefit of all-girls education because of their own deep and well-founded understandings of how girls learn and succeed. Their goal: to systematically document those benefits and share that information broadly.
These educators knew their observations and understandings would be strengthened through quantitative research. Accordingly, in 1988 and 1990, two different yet related studies were undertaken:
Study conducted for the Coalition of Girls' Boarding Schools (CGBS) |
436_2 | In 1987, Rachel Belash contacted heads of girls' boarding schools urging them to collaborate on a market research project to respond to declining enrollments at their schools. A steering committee was formed, and in 1988, the firm Ransome/Maguire was hired to conduct a study. |
436_3 | In six hundred phone interviews with prospective and current parents of girls' boarding schools across the country, girls' schools were cited for their academic excellence and their ability to provide a communal environment that encouraged personal and academic exploration in a supportive culture. Girls' schools were seen as ideal settings for adolescent girls since they supported risk-taking, encouraged academic excellence, prepared girls for college and the real world, and fostered a sense of leadership and self-development. However, one troubling finding was the perception among many of the respondents that coed schools had stronger programs in math and science. Educators at girls' schools were astonished by this perception, and this finding led CGBS to focus on showcasing the strength of girls' schools in the fields of math and science.
Study conducted for the Coalition of Girls' Day Schools (CGDS) |
436_4 | In 1989, Arlene Gibson encouraged heads of girls' day schools to convene at that year's Headmistresses Association of the East conference. Resulting from the meeting was the formation of a steering committee, which hired in 1990 Yankelovich, Shulman, and Clancy as research consultants. Commissioned by CGDS, the firm surveyed 1,200 girls' school graduates. Half of those surveyed graduated between 1955 and 1960; the others between 1975 and 1980. The study confirmed many of the same conclusions of the CGBS report. Graduates cited strong preparation for college and personal development as key benefits they received from their all-girls education. CGDS used these findings to develop a major media campaign showcasing the positive attitudes of girls' school alumnae. |
436_5 | By researching and promoting the concept of single-gender schooling, the Coalition of Girls' Boarding Schools and the Coalition of Girls' Day Schools became leaders in the national dialogue on girls' and women's issues. Those educators who were experienced with teaching only girls were determined to use the two studies to paint a different picture of the role of girls' schools in American education. The findings of the studies gave administrators in girls' schools important talking points for future marketing and promotional literature.Strengthened by their new data, the CGBS and CGDS leadership realized there was great power in collective action. In November 1991, the steering committees of both organizations met and agreed to merge. Fifty-six independent and religiously-affiliated schools officially came together to form the National Coalition of Girls' Schools. Its first collective undertaking: a comprehensive campaign to heighten the visibility and document the value of the girls' |
436_6 | school experience. |
436_7 | Margaret "Meg" Moulton and Whitney "Whitty" Ransome, who had been serving as the Executive Directors of the Coalition of Girls' Boarding Schools since 1989, were asked to stay on as the founding Executive Directors of NCGS.
In the proceeding years, collaboration replaced competition. Research supported belief. The climate and conversation shifted. Moulton and Ransome's collaborative leadership and relentless advocacy on behalf of girls' schools helped set NCGS on the path to success. |
436_8 | 1991-2000
It was clear from the outset that public relations and marketing initiatives would be strongest if constructed on a theoretical and pedagogical base for the value of girls' schools. Families would then better appreciate the positive outcomes of a girls' school education. The wealth of scholarship and research about women and girls provided information upon which to base the Coalition's initiatives and programming. Moulton and Ransome quickly understood that an entrepreneurial stance was key to the Coalition's survival. |
436_9 | Public relations became a main priority during the Coalition's first decade. The goal was to both increase public awareness of the benefits of all-girls education for girls and to help individual NCGS member schools with their own public relations efforts. NCGS worked to establish a media presence through published press releases, radio and print interviews, and letters to the editor. These efforts helped position NCGS as an expert on girls' education. In January 1992, when the AAUW released the report, Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America, which highlighted key areas of gender inequity in American education, NCGS moved swiftly to position itself in response to the findings. The timing allowed for the Coalition's recently gathered research and data in support of girls' schools to become part of the national conversation about gender issues, which was going full tilt. |
436_10 | From its founding, NCGS actively sought to provide its members with valuable professional development experiences, particularly in the areas of math and science. Driven by the finding in the CGBS study that many parents perceived girls' schools to be weak in math and science, Ann Pollina at Westover School (CT) who was Dean of Faculty and Chair of the Math Department at the time and math teacher Louise Gould at Ethel Walker School (CT) organized a Math and Science Symposium at Wellesley College in June 1991. These educators wanted to share their best practices with the general public and believed girls' schools were an ideal setting to help girls succeed and close the gender gap in STEM fields. The first three of many NCGS publications flowed from the successful Symposium: The Executive Summary, Task Force Reports, and The Complete Proceedings. NCGS received extensive media coverage from the release of these publications. Following the success of the first Symposium, NCGS hosted a |
436_11 | Girls in the Physical Sciences Symposium in partnership with the Dudley Wright Center at Tufts University in Boston in 1993 and then a Girls and Technology Conference at Wellesley in 1995. NCGS received a grant from the National Science Foundation to create three publications highlighting the sessions and best practices exchanged at the 1995 conference. The success of these conferences led NCGS to take the Girls and Technology Conference to San Francisco in 1997 marking the Coalition's first-ever programming on the West Coast. These professional development opportunities and the publications that flowed from them helped establish NCGS as a thought-leader on STEM education for girls. |
436_12 | This first decade of robust, innovative programming and initiatives set the stage for a future of healthy growth for both NCGS and its member schools. The organization was also forward-thinking from the outset by expanding membership to public and international schools during its first two years. The two remaining all-girls public schools in the country became involved with NCGS in its first year, and in January 1993, affiliate membership was established for international girls' schools. An impressive total of 41 Canadian and Australian girls' schools immediately took advantage of this opportunity. Moulton and Ransome continued to strengthen these international connections and spoke at the 1995 Girls' School Association conference in London. |
436_13 | Within a decade, girls' schools were enjoying a renaissance. Increasing numbers of parents, students, educators, and policy-makers came to recognize the benefits of girl-centered education. The number of NCGS schools at their enrollment capacity doubled from 1991 to 1995, and there was a 31% increase in inquiries at girls' schools since the founding of NCGS. Perhaps the most compelling proof was the rapid emergence of new, independent, and public all-girl educational settings. In just the last half of the 1990s, 16 states offered new all-girls classes and 32 new all-girl schools were founded in cities coast-to-coast. |
436_14 | 2000-2008
As NCGS approached its 10th anniversary, girls' schools continued to experience growth and strength. Enrollment at girls' schools was up nearly 40% since 1991, and nearly 70% of NCGS member schools were at full capacity. NCGS continued to expand its membership, advocate for girl-centered education in the media, and provide girls' schools around the world with quality professional development and networking opportunities. |
436_15 | This decade also saw a renewed focus on research on girls' schools. In 1999, NCGS hired Goodman Research Group to collect and analyze data about the all-girls experience from the perspective of graduates of girls' schools as compared to female peers at coed schools. Over 4,000 graduates were surveyed, and the responses affirmed the benefits of girls' schools. The findings helped shape marketing and public relations materials in the early 2000s. In March 2009, Dr. Linda Sax at UCLA published her research, Women Graduates of Single-Sex and Coeducational High Schools: Differences in their Characteristics and the Transition to College, which was commissioned by NCGS. The report documented the statistically significant edge girls' school graduates have over their coed peers in many areas including self-confidence, life goals, STEM interest, and career orientation. |
436_16 | NCGS continued to convene regional and national professional development opportunities for member schools. In 1999, the Board of Trustees identified financial literacy as a key area of programming for NCGS. The Board saw this topic as critical for gender equality in the 21st century, so NCGS created a series of programs to address financial literacy and empowerment for girls. In 2000, NCGS hosted the Women, Girls, and Money Conference in Boston. The success of the conference led to a series of publications highlighting research on the financial gender gap, tips for parents on raising financially savvy daughters, and best practices for incorporating financial literacy into the curriculum at schools. NCGS expanded the program by hosting a series of regional financial literacy seminars across the country. These, along with the financial literacy initiatives at individual member schools, helped attract extensive media attention, including articles in The New York Times, The Boston Globe, |
436_17 | and The San Francisco Chronicle, and a television interview on ABC News. |
436_18 | In addition to financial literacy, NCGS kept its focus on math and science by hosting and promoting regional STEM workshops and think tanks during the early 2000s. Global education also remained a priority. NCGS partnered with the Girls' Schools Association to host an international conference in London in 2006, and "Global Citizenship" was the theme of the Coalition's 2007 annual conference. Each year NCGS invited student representatives from around the world to participate in a forum and discussion during the annual conference, demonstrating its commitment to expanding global networks and opportunities for girls. |
436_19 | 2009-2012
As NCGS approached its 20th anniversary, Ransome and Moulton retired successively in 2008 and 2009, and the Board of Trustees faced the challenge of leading the organization through its first significant leadership transition. Their commitment to the NCGS mission and enterprising mindset had established NCGS as a well-respected advocate for girls' schools, and the Board sought a leader to carry on their legacy. Armed with a commitment to using this time to secure the foundations of the Coalition and ensure financial sustainability, the Board assessed all areas of the organization with the goal of establishing policies and practices that would attract the new leader they sought. |
436_20 | So much had changed in twenty years: new girls' public, charter, and independent schools had opened, most notably the Young Women’s Leadership Network (YWLN) schools in New York; schools were now conducting their own research and holding collaborative think tanks; the Online School for Girls was creating a new platform for education and professional development; communications had shifted to social media; and the case for the education of girls had become a global priority. So how would NCGS adapt with this new and much-improved landscape for girls' schools in the U.S.? |
436_21 | Over the course of a three-year transition that included the executive leadership of Susanne Beck (2009-2011) followed by the interim leadership of Burch Ford, Former NCGS Board Chair (2000-2003) and retired Head of Miss Porter's School, as President (3/2011-7/2012) and Nancy Mugele as Interim Executive Director (7/2011-6/2012), the Coalition began to set its course for the future. During this time, NCGS expanded its Board to include heads of girls' public and international schools. The Board also underwent a strategic review and planning process to create a vision statement and re-craft the original NCGS mission, which was extended from awareness to advocacy. The first National Conference on Girls' Education in February 2012 in Washington, DC, a joint undertaking by NCGS and YWLN, affirmed the Coalition's position at the forefront of thought leadership on girls' education. |
436_22 | NCGS today
After an extensive search, the NCGS Board of Trustees announced the selection of Megan Murphy as the next Executive Director beginning July 1, 2012. Megan was charged with the ongoing implementation of the NCGS 2013 Strategic Way Forward goals: to establish NCGS and its member schools as thought-leaders in educating girls, to build a financially robust model for fulfilling the NCGS mission, and to deepen relationships and collaboration with member schools in order to engage, inspire, and sustain membership.
The Coalition continues to provide and expand its robust resources and opportunities in the areas of research, professional development, advocacy, and networking. |
436_23 | NCGS has stayed committed to advancing research on all-girls education, releasing Steeped in Learning: The Student Experience at All-Girls Schools in 2015, an analysis of data collected via the High School Survey of Student Engagement (HSSSE). Administered by Indiana University's Center for Evaluation & Education Policy (CEEP), HSSSE explores facets of student's attitudes, behaviors, and school experiences that are known to affect learning. This report compared the experience of girls at all-girls schools with those of girls enrolled in coed institutions. The girls' responses provided unequivocal support for the value of an all-girls educational environment, especially in the areas of academic engagement and readiness for college and the real world. |
436_24 | NCGS offers professional development for educators of girls, hosting regional, national, international, and online conferences and forums. The first-ever Global Forum on Girls' Education, Creating a World of Possibilities, was held in New York City in February 2016. NCGS hosted this ground-breaking conference in partnership with 13 preeminent educational organizations from around the world, including the UK, Australia, Canada, South Africa, and The Philippines. The Global Forum brought together 950 educators, researchers, advocates, and authors from 23 countries. Gloria Steinem and Arianna Huffington were among the keynote speakers. The Global Forum on Girls' Education II was held in Washington, DC in June 2018, which included keynote appearances from Billie Jean King, Azar Nafisi, Halla Tómasdóttir, Sylvia Acevedo, and Lieutenant Colonel Lucy Giles, Gail Kelly. |
436_25 | Member Schools
The National Coalition of Girls' Schools serves over 250 national and international Pre-K through 12th-grade girls' schools (independent, public, charter, and religiously-affiliated).
Notable girls' school alumnae
Anne Archer, Academy Award-nominated actress, Marlborough School (Los Angeles, California)
Aidy Bryant, actress and Saturday Night Live cast member, Xavier College Preparatory (Phoenix, Arizona)
Tracy Caulkins, three-time Olympic gold medal-winning swimmer, Harpeth Hall (Nashville, Tennessee)
Annie Dillard, Pulitzer Prize-winning author, The Ellis School (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
Ava DuVernay, director and screenwriter, Saint Joseph High School (Lakewood, California)
Veronica Escobar, U.S. House of Representatives-TX, Loretto Academy (El Paso, Texas)
Gloria Estefan, Grammy Award-winning singer/songwriter, Our Lady of Lourdes Academy (Miami, Florida) |
436_26 | Dianne Feinstein, U.S. Senator from California, Convent of the Sacred Heart High School for Girls (San Francisco, California)
Geraldine Ferraro, first woman to run for Vice President of the U.S., Marymount School (New York, New York)
Jane Fonda, two-time Academy Award-winning actress, political activist, Emma Willard School (Troy, New York)
Adena Friedman, Nasdaq CEO and President, Roland Park Country Day (Baltimore, Maryland)
Melinda Gates, philanthropist, Ursuline Academy of Dallas (Dallas, Texas)
Greta Gerwig, Academy Award-nominated director and actress, St. Francis High School, (Sacramento, California)
Kirsten Gillibrand, U.S. Senator from New York, Emma Willard School (Troy, New York)
Amy Grant, GRAMMY and Dove award-winning singer-songwriter, Harpeth Hall (Nashville, Tennessee)
Margaret Hamilton, actress, Hathaway Brown School (Shaker Heights, Ohio)
Marilyn P. Johnson, 8th U.S. Ambassador to Togo, The Woodward School (Quincy, Massachusetts) |
436_27 | Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the U.S., author, Chapin School (New York, NY) and Miss Porter's School (Farmington, Connecticut)
Sallie Krawcheck, CEO and Co-Founder, Ellevest and former CEO, Smith Barney, Ashley Hall (Charleston, South Carolina)
Christine Lagarde, French lawyer and Managing Director for the International Monetary Fund, Holton-Arms School (Bethesda, Maryland)
Christina Lamb, author and foreign correspondent, NonsuchHigh School for Girls (Surrey, UK)
Mary Landrieu, U.S. Senator from Louisiana, Ursuline Academy (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Katie Ledecky, five-time Olympic gold medalist and nine-time World Champion swimmer, Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart (Bethesda, Maryland)
Téa Leoni, actress and producer, Brearley School (New York, New York)
Marne Levine, COO of Instagram, Laurel School (Shaker Heights, Ohio)
Lisa Loeb, Grammy award-winning singer-songwriter and actress, The Hockaday School (Dallas, Texas) |
436_28 | Julia Louis-Dreyfus, actress, Holton-Arms School (Bethesda, Maryland)
Meghan Markle, actress and UN Women advocate, Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles, California)
Barbara Mikulski, U.S. Senator from Maryland, Institute of Notre Dame (Baltimore, Maryland)
Katherine "Kate" Mulleavy and Laura Mulleavy, founders of the fashion label Rodarte, Alverno Heights Academy (Sierra Madre, California)
Susan O'Day, EVP and CIO, Walt Disney Company, Miss Hall's School (Pittsfield, Massachusetts)
Gwyneth Paltrow, Academy Award-winning actress, Spence School (New York, New York)
Minnie Pearl, comedian, Harpeth Hall (Nashville, Tennessee)
Nancy Pelosi, U.S. Senator from California, only women to serve as Speaker of the House (2007-2011), Minority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives, Institute of Notre Dame (Baltimore, Maryland)
Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State, St. Mary's Academy (Englewood, Colorado) |
436_29 | Susan Rice, U.S. National Security Advisor, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, National Cathedral School (Washington, DC)
Cokie Roberts, NPR journalist, Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart (Bethesda, Maryland)
Maria Shriver, author, journalist, former First Lady of California, Stone Ridge School of the Sacred Heart (Bethesda, Maryland)
Elissa Slotkin, U.S. Representative for Michigan, Cranbrook Schools (Bloomfield Hills, Michigan)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leading figure of the early women's rights movement, Troy Female Seminary [now Emma Willard School] (Troy, New York)
Meredith Vieira, journalist/talk show host known for The View and Today, Lincoln School (Providence, Rhode Island)
Melissa Villaseñor, actress and Saturday Night Live cast member, Ramona Convent Secondary School (Alhambra, California) |
436_30 | Abby Wambach, two-time Olympic gold medalist, FIFA Women's World Cup champion, and U.S. Women's National Team soccer player, Our Lady of Mercy High School (Rochester, New York)
Kerry Washington, BET Award-winning actress, Spence School (New York, New York)
Sigourney Weaver, Golden Globes Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated actress, Chapin School (New York, New York)
Christine Todd Whitman, former Governor of New Jersey, Chapin School (New York, New York)
Reese Witherspoon, Academy Award and Golden Globes Award-winning actress, Harpeth Hall (Nashville, Tennessee)
References
External links
National Coalition of Girls' Schools
Girls' schools in the United States
Private and independent school organizations in the United States |
437_0 | Brian Patrick Lamb (; born October 9, 1941) is an American journalist, Presidential Medal of Freedom Laureate, and the founder, executive chairman, and now retired CEO of C-SPAN, an American cable network that provides coverage of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate as well as other public affairs events. Prior to launching C-SPAN in 1979, Lamb held various communications roles including White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine. He also served as a commissioned officer in the United States Navy for four years. Lamb has conducted thousands of interviews, including those on C-SPAN's Booknotes and Q&A, and is known for his unique interview style, focusing on short, direct questions. Over the course of his career Lamb has received numerous honors and awards including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Humanities Medal. |
437_1 | Early life and education
Lamb was born in Lafayette, Indiana, and lived there until he was 22 years old. Growing up, he wanted to be an entertainer and spent time as a disc jockey and as a drummer in many local bands. Lamb showed an early interest in television and radio: he started his first radio job at a local station in Lafayette, WASK (AM), at the age of 17, working as a disc jockey and selling advertisements. His job at the radio station gave him the opportunity to interview musicians including Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Nat King Cole, Count Basie, and The Kingston Trio, while he was still in high school. In 1961, during his junior year at college, he coordinated a television program titled Dance Date, similar to Dick Clark's ABC series, American Bandstand.
After graduation from Jefferson High School, Lamb attended Purdue University, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Speech in 1963. |
437_2 | Military service |
437_3 | Following graduation from Purdue, Lamb was accepted into the United States Navy Officer Candidate School. Upon completion of his training, he served 18 months on the attack cargo ship , and then moved to the Pentagon where he served in the audio/visual office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs. Lamb took up this role midway through the Vietnam War and, in addition to handling queries from radio and television networks, he attended press briefings with Defense Secretary Robert McNamara. In July 1967, following riots in Detroit, Lamb was sent there and tasked with providing recordings of news conferences of Governor George W. Romney of Michigan for the White House Situation Room. He also served as a White House social aide to Lyndon B. Johnson, in which role he escorted Lady Bird Johnson down the aisle at the wedding of Chuck Robb and Lynda Johnson. He later recalled, "For five years after I got out of the Navy and went back part of the time to Indiana, the only |
437_4 | thing I was known to have ever done in my life was to escort Mrs. Johnson down the aisle." Lamb spent a total of four years in the U.S. Navy and was a Lieutenant, junior grade, at the time that he left. He later said that his time in the U.S. Navy "was probably the most important thing [he has] ever done". |
437_5 | Early career
Communications and journalism work
In December 1967, following his Navy service, Lamb's interest in politics led him to interview for the role of personal aide to Richard Nixon during his campaign for the 1968 presidential election, but instead he returned to Indiana. In August 1968, after working at a local television station in Lafayette, he spent ten weeks working for a group called United Citizens for Nixon–Agnew. Following the campaign, he worked as a reporter for UPI Audio and in 1969 became press secretary for Senator Peter H. Dominick (R-Colo.), before becoming an assistant for media and congressional relations to Clay T. Whitehead, director of the White House Office of Telecommunications Policy. |
437_6 | After the White House, Lamb returned to journalism as the editor of a biweekly newsletter entitled, The Media Report. While editing The Media Report, he also became the Washington bureau chief of trade magazine Cablevision for four years, covering telecommunications issues. During this time, he developed his idea of creating a public affairs-oriented cable network.
C-SPAN |
437_7 | In 1977, Lamb submitted to cable television executives a proposal for a nonprofit channel that would broadcast official proceedings of Congress. He later said, "The risks weren't very significant. No one knew who I was. If I failed, so what?" The idea was approved in December 1977 and the Cable Satellite Public Affairs Network was created as a private nonprofit business with a board of cable-operating company executives, funded by affiliate fees from cable companies. At its launch the network had a staff of four employees, including Lamb, and an annual budget of US$450,000. The first broadcast occurred on March 19, 1979, with live coverage of the first televised House of Representatives floor debate. |
437_8 | By 2010, C-SPAN reached over 100 million households, and the network employed 275 individuals in Washington D.C. and at its archives in West Lafayette. Its coverage includes a variety of public affairs programming, including presidential press conferences and Senate hearings, in addition to its gavel-to-gavel coverage of the House and Senate. , C-SPAN consists of three networks: C-SPAN, C-SPAN2 and C-SPAN3 plus a radio station, with more than 170,000 hours of C-SPAN footage available online via the C-SPAN Video Library. Lamb is the former CEO and president of C-SPAN, and now serves as executive chairman of its board of directors. He has described the network as "in every single way, the antithesis of commercial television".
In March 2012, Lamb announced his plan to step down as CEO, handing control over to Rob Kennedy and Susan Swain. |
437_9 | Hosting and interview style
On C-SPAN, Lamb hosted Washington Journal, Booknotes, and continues to host Q&A, and through these programs has become known for his distinctive interview style. According to him, he learned the basics of broadcasting and interviewing from his high school broadcasting teacher, Bill Fraser, who taught him to "stay out of the way" while he conducted interviews.
Lamb does not discuss his own political views.
According to The Advocate, his style of interviewing is "Spartan", and he has stated: "Too many interviewers intrude too much. … They try to make us think they're smarter than the person they're interviewing. Well, I assume I'm not smarter and if I am smarter I don't want the audience to find out."
If a guest uses a term of art such as "cloture" he will ask them to define it for the audience, and invariably will ask the guest where they went to school, his or her children's names, and occupations.
Booknotes |
437_10 | In his 35 years at C-SPAN, Lamb has conducted thousands of interviews, including 801 editions of Booknotes, a weekly program he hosted focusing on nonfiction books. His first Booknotes interview was broadcast on April 2, 1989, and the final program aired on December 4, 2004. Over the course of the program, Lamb's interviewees included authors, politicians, and world leaders including George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Mikhail Gorbachev, Richard Nixon, Colin Powell, Christopher Hitchens and Margaret Thatcher.
The program's format was described in its tagline, "One author, one book, one hour", and Lamb has stated that he spent an average of 20 hours reading and preparing for each interview, though by some counts he spoke for less than five minutes over the course of each program. |
437_11 | Lamb published five books based on Booknotes interviews, each a collection of essays written from transcripts of his interviews with authors. The books focus on writing, biographies of figures from American history, American history stories, "American character" and the life of Abraham Lincoln, respectively.
After Booknotes ended, Lamb began hosting a new program titled Q&A, featuring interviews with figures from politics, technology, education, and media, as well as authors. He also continued to host Washington Journal, C-SPAN's morning call-in program, until 2008.
In 2011, Lamb donated his collection of books from the Booknotes series, many containing his personal marginalia, to the rare books collection of George Mason University to create an academic archive. |
437_12 | Issues |
437_13 | As CEO of C-SPAN, Lamb was involved in issues related to ensuring public access to the proceedings of the federal government and also to increasing media access to legislative and judicial proceedings. Lamb opposed the "must-carry" provisions of the Cable Television Protection and Competition Act of 1992, which he later stated had led to 10 million Americans losing or experiencing reduced access to C-SPAN. In 1998, he wrote to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, arguing against digital must-carry legislation. During the impeachment of President Clinton, Lamb wrote to then-Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, urging the Senate to "keep this process open to the public" and formally requesting permission for televised coverage of the Senate's deliberations. In addition, he has written to House Speakers of both parties in 1994, 2006 and 2010, requesting that independent media cameras be added to the House floor to allow a |
437_14 | more complete view of debates. Lamb has also written to chief justices Rehnquist and Roberts requesting the televising of oral arguments before the Supreme Court of the United States and other federal courts. |
437_15 | Bibliography
In addition to his five books based on Booknotes interviews, Lamb has written a book with Richard Norton Smith about the gravesites of American presidents, Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb? A Tour of Presidential Gravesites, and a companion book to a series of C-SPAN interviews with Supreme Court justices, The Supreme Court: A C-SPAN Book, Featuring the Justices in their Own Words. |
437_16 | A complete list of his published works:
C-SPAN: America's Town Hall (1988) Washington, DC: Acropolis Books. .
Booknotes: America's Finest Authors on Reading, Writing, and the Power of Ideas (1997) New York: Random House. .
Booknotes Life Stories: Notable Biographers on the People Who Shaped America (1999) New York: Times Books. .
Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb? A Tour of Presidential Gravesites (1999) with Richard Norton Smith and Douglas Brinkley. Washington, DC: National Cable Satellite Corp. . .
Republished (2003) New York: PublicAffairs.
Booknotes: Stories from American History (2001) New York: PublicAffairs. .
Booknotes: On American Character (2004) New York: PublicAffairs. .
Abraham Lincoln: Great American Historians on Our Sixteenth President (2008) Brian Lamb and Susan Swain, PublicAffairs, New York City. .
The Supreme Court: A C-SPAN Book, Featuring the Justices in their Own Words (2010) Brian Lamb and Susan Swain, PublicAffairs. .
Awards and recognition |
437_17 | Lamb has received numerous honors and awards for his work at C-SPAN. He was the recipient of the National Press Club's Fourth Estate Award in 2002. The following year, he was awarded the National Humanities Medal, the Harry S. Truman Good Neighbor Award, and The Media Institute's Freedom of Speech Award.
In November 2007, Lamb received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from then President George W. Bush for his work at C-SPAN. The medal is the highest civilian award in the United States, and the White House announcement stated that Lamb had received the award for his "dedication to a transparent political system and to the free flow of ideas". In September 2011, Lamb received The Lone Sailor award from the U.S. Navy Memorial, recognizing individuals who begin their careers in the Navy, but go on to have "exceptional civilian careers". |
437_18 | In addition, he has received a number of communications-related awards, including the Manship Prize for Exemplary Use of Media and Technology from Louisiana State University's Manship School of Mass Communication, and the Al Neuharth Award for Excellence in the Media. In 2011, he was awarded the Gaylord Prize for Excellence in Journalism sponsored by the Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Oklahoma, and was named as one of Library of American Broadcasting's 2011 "Giants of Broadcasting".
Lamb has received numerous honorary doctorates, including one from his alma mater, Purdue University. Purdue also awarded him its Distinguished Alumni Award in 1987 and in 2011 its communications department was renamed as the Brian Lamb School of Communication. In 2015, Lamb was awarded an honorary doctorate from Gettysburg College. |
437_19 | Personal life
Lamb has spent most of his life in Washington, D.C., and currently lives with his wife, Victoria, in Arlington, Virginia. He married Victoria Martin in September 2005. The couple met in grade school at St. Mary's Cathedral and had dated in Washington, D.C., in the 1970s, later restarting their relationship in 1998.
Lamb has never been a member of a political party, though he did work for the Republican Nixon–Agnew campaign in 1968. He is not registered as a Democrat or Republican. He has voted for candidates across the political spectrum during presidential elections. In an interview Lamb stated he has "been listening to both sides so long that I don't know what I think anymore."
The late writer Christopher Hitchens dedicated his 2005 biography of Thomas Jefferson to Lamb; on the title page appear the words, "For Brian Lamb ... a fine democrat as well as a good republican, who has striven for an educated electorate".
See also
Steve Scully
John D. Evans
References |
437_20 | Further reading
Unger, James J. "A Conversation with Brian Lamb." (Interview). The Rostrum, Vol. 69, No. 10, June 1995, pp. 5–23. Full issue available.
External links
Brian Lamb's oral history for The Cable Center's Hauser Oral History Collection, August 26, 1998
C-SPAN people
1941 births
Living people
American television personalities
American male journalists
American television company founders
Purdue University College of Health and Human Sciences alumni
People from Lafayette, Indiana
Military personnel from Indiana
United States Navy officers
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
National Humanities Medal recipients
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Tippecanoe County, Indiana |
438_0 | The Integrated Deepwater System Program (IDS Program or Deepwater) was the 25-year program to replace all or much of the United States Coast Guard's equipment, including aircraft, ships, and logistics and command and control systems. The $24 billion program (which began with a price tag of $17 billion) lost authorization in Fiscal Year 2012 and is officially defunct.
The initial idea was to develop interoperable system which included new cutters and small boats, a new fleet of fixed-wing aircraft, a combination of new and upgraded helicopters, and land- and cutter-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). All of these assets will be linked with Command, Control, Communications and Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. Performance-based logistics is also an aspect of the contract.
History |
438_1 | The Coast Guard performs many missions in a deepwater environment, which is usually defined as waters more than 50 nautical miles offshore. These missions include drug interdiction, alien migrant interdiction, fisheries enforcement, search and rescue, International Ice Patrol operations, maritime sanctions enforcement, overseas port security and defense, overseas peacetime military engagement, defense operations in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, maritime pollution law enforcement, enforcement of lightering zones, and overseas inspection of foreign vessels entering U.S. ports. During the 1990s, it was determined that the assets and capabilities needed to complete deepwater missions were antiquated and becoming obsolete and included 93 cutters and 207 aircraft. The assets were technologically obsolete and often expensive to operate as well as unsuited for evolving mission requirements. |
438_2 | In 1993, the Commandant's Office of Operations formally acknowledged that the Coast Guard needed a long-term strategy to recapitalize its inventory of cutters and aircraft, and supporting systems. In 1998 the Coast Guard issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for industry teams to bid in proposal a package of assets and systems to meet an identified set of Coast Guard mission requirements. This unique "performance-based approach" to modernization and replacement of the Coast Guard deepwater fleet was competitively bid on by three teams: One led by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), one led by Boeing, and one led by Integrated Coast Guard Systems LLC, a joint venture of Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman established in June 2001 and jointly owned and fully guaranteed by both companies. On June 25, 2002, the Coast Guard awarded the base-term agreement of the then 20-year, $17 billion Deepwater contract to Integrated Coast Guard Systems (ICGS). |
438_3 | During the first three years of the initial five-year contract the Coast Guard re-baselined the Deepwater program in July 2005, expanding requirements due to post-9/11 mission needs, which expanded the program to 25 years and a total of $24 billion.
Since July 13, 2007, Deepwater became part of the newly created Acquisition Directorate (CG-9).
The Program Executive Officer (PEO) for Deepwater since June 8, 2007 is RADM Ronald J. Rábago. His predecessors include RADM Gary Blore and the "founding father of the IDS", RADM Patrick M. Stillman.
Integrated Coast Guard Systems has participated in joint Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) with the Coast Guard since the inception of the Deepwater program. Oversight of contractor performance by the government is largely non-existent, due to contract language developed by the contractor. A major performance metric was IPT meeting attendance. |
438_4 | ICGS subcontracts with more than 600 suppliers in 41 states, as well as manufacturers from around the world.
Assets
National Security Cutter
One of the key components of the Deepwater solution is the National Security Cutter (NSC). These eight Legend-class cutters are designed to replace the aging 378-foot (115 m) Hamilton-class cutters currently in service. The NSC will have a length of 418 feet (125.2 m), be powered by a gas turbine engine with two auxiliary diesel engines, and be capable of 12,000 nautical mile (22,000 km) voyages lasting up to 60 days. |
438_5 | The new class of NSCs will carry an MK 110 57 mm gun and will be equipped with a stern launch ramp for launch and recovery of the Short Range Prosecutor (SRP) and the Long Range Interceptor (LRI). They will also be equipped with a state-of-the-art C4ISR suite. A contract for the third cutter was issued in August 2007, but it will include structural improvements based on flaws discovered during the construction of the first two cutters.
USCGC Bertholf (WMSL-750) – The first-in-class NSC is named for Commodore Ellsworth Price Bertholf, USRCS, USCG, the fourth Commandant of the United States Coast Guard. The cutter was built by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in Pascagoula, Mississippi under contract from ICGS and was completed in early 2008. |
438_6 | Meryl Chertoff, wife of U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, was chosen by the Coast Guard as sponsor of the first NSC. The keel laying for Bertholf took place on March 29, 2005. The cutter was launched on September 29, 2006 and she was christened on November 11, 2006.
The Coast Guard accepted delivery of the Bertholf on May 8, 2008 and she was commissioned on Coast Guard Day, August 4, 2008 at her homeport in Alameda, California.
USCGC Waesche (WMSL-751) – The second Legend-class NSC is named for Commandant Russell R. Waesche who served as Commandant of the Coast Guard and was the first Coast Guard Admiral to receive four stars. The cutter was built at Northrop Grumman Ship Systems in Pascagoula, Mississippi. |
438_7 | Marilla Waesche Pivonka, granddaughter of the cutter's namesake, was chosen by the Coast Guard as sponsor of the second NSC. The keel laying for the Waesche took place on September 11, 2006 and she was christened on July 26, 2008. USCGC Waesche was commissioned May 7, 2010.
USCGC Stratton (WMSL-752) - The third NSC is named for Captain Dorothy C. Stratton who was the director of the SPARS, the Coast Guard's Women's Reserve established during World War II. The cutter began construction on July 21, 2008 in Pascagoula, Miss. First Lady Michelle Obama was chosen as sponsor of the third NSC.
Fast Response Cutter
The Fast Response Cutter (FRC) was intended to replace the 110’ Island Class Cutters currently in service. It was removed from the IDS contract due to concerns over the feasibility of the ship design. The role will now be served by the Sentinel class cutter, which is based on an off-the-shelf design that has already proven itself. |
438_8 | Offshore Patrol Cutter
The Offshore Patrol Cutter is intended to replace the 210' and 270' cutters currently in service. It was also removed from the IDS contract, but developed and delivery continued. In February 2014, the USCG announced that Bollinger Shipyards, Eastern Shipbuilding and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works had been awarded design contracts for the OPC. |
438_9 | 123' Patrol Boat |
438_10 | The 123' patrol boats were intended to serve as a bridging strategy until replacements for the 110' Island Class cutters could be designed and procured. They were created by lengthening eight existing 110' cutters to accommodate additional mission capabilities. The converted 123's were deemed unsafe for use in the projected operating environment in 2007 and are currently awaiting disposition. The USCG asked the contractors in August 2007 for a refund because these former 110 foot cutters will now have to be scrapped resulting in a reduction of capability instead of improvement. In August 2011, the U.S. government sued contractor Bollinger Shipyards over the failed modifications, alleging that the company made false statements about the hull strength that would result from its extensions to the patrol boats. That lawsuit was settled in 2015 with Bollinger paying $7.5 million to the U.S. government, as opposed to a proposed $73 million penalty and a $96 million partial refund. |
438_11 | Medium Range Surveillance Aircraft
The Medium Range Surveillance Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MRS) HC-144 Ocean Sentry is a new twin-turbo-prop airplane selected by the Coast Guard to replace the HU-25 Falcon Guardian, which has been in service since 1982.
Also known as the CN-235, the MRS aircraft are built by EADS CASA in Seville, Spain and are being transported upon completion to Mobile, Ala. for C4ISR pallet installation by Lockheed Martin. The first MRS aircraft was delivered to the Coast Guard in December 2006. Currently there are three aircraft undergoing testing in Mobile and an additional five are in various stages of construction.
The MRS aircraft, or "Ocean Sentry", will be the eyes of the Coast Guard fleet. It features a belly-mounted radar and is equipped with improved detection capability. It will be used in search and rescue missions, international patrol missions, law enforcement, and for illegal drug interdictions.
Multi-Mission Cutter Helicopter |
438_12 | The Multi-Mission Cutter Helicopter (MCH) MH-65C is the upgraded model of the HH-65 Dolphin helicopter, which has been used by the Coast Guard since the 1980s. The new model (HH-65C model) features a more powerful engine, allowing the helicopter to fly faster, twice as far, and with twice the payload as their predecessor, the HH-65B model.
The reengining, which began in 2004, was originally scheduled to take place during the conversion to a multi-mission cutter helicopter, equipped with airborne use of force, but was accelerated under the Deepwater program following multiple in-flight loss of power events.
The upgrade program was completed in Fall 2007. |
438_13 | Small Unmanned Aerial Systems
The United States Coast Guard is currently in the acquisition phase of their sUAS program. The Boeing Insitu ScanEagle has been selected by the Coast Guard to fulfill the cutter based sUAS role. Currently they are in the process of initial operating testing of sUAS capability on National Security Cutters. A request is expected to be released by the Coast Guard in early fiscal year 2018 for sUAS capability for NSCs with a contract award for the retrofit of sUAS capability on the USCGC Stratton and one other NSC later in the fiscal year.
The USCGC Stratton had sUAS deployed on it throughout 2017 assisting with drug interdiction missions. In total the sUAS was used in 9 out of 11 drug seizures which seized over 50,550 pounds of cocaine worth approximately $679.3 million. |
438_14 | The Coast Guard expects to have sUAS capability across all of the National Security Cutter fleet along with the Offshore Patrol Cutter fleet. The cutter-based sUAS systems are excepted to be operated by AVDETs of 3 officers and 4 enlisted personnel once fully operational. Officers will serve as pilots, however it is unclear as to whether or not they will be trained as manned aircraft aviators or if a new officer qualification will be created for officers or if it will become a maritime-rating for cuttermen. Enlisted personnel are to serve in launch and recovery roles as provide needed maintenance to the sUAS.
Performance Based Logistics
All logistics support was intended to be provided through ICGS. With the exception of one year of support for C4 systems, this has been cancelled.
Controversy |
438_15 | RAND Report
In 2004, the RAND Corporation released a report that questioned the ability of the Deepwater program to handle both the traditional duties of the USCG and the additional missions it has undertaken under DHS and recommended doubling the number of cutters and increasing airpower by 50%.
Funding and management issues
Because of the scale of the building program exceeded anything done by the USCG before, Deepwater is unique in that the primary contractors were tasked with making design and procurement decisions on behalf of the Federal government. This did not achieve its intended result - assets that were designed to meet mission needs. |
438_16 | Because of performance problems, Deepwater has been the source of congressional budget battles over its funding. For fiscal year 2006, President George W. Bush requested funding of over $900 million, but the House of Representatives approved only $500 million. In September 2005, the full Congress did approve $900 million, just short of the President's original request.
In August 2006, the inspector general in the Homeland Security Department said that the department's oversight of the program was hampered by funding limitations and lack of experience with this type of program.
As of late 2006, the cost of the program had risen to $24 billion, from the original estimate of $17 billion in 2002. In 2007, the Coast Guard took over management of the program.
Lockheed whistleblower |
438_17 | Michael DeKort, a former lead systems engineer at Lockheed Martin for Deepwater, was dissatisfied and concerned with Lockheed Martin's conduct, in particular that of Lockheed executive Fred Moosally. After a series of failed attempts to draw needed attention to a growing problem within the project, DeKort made news headlines for taking a bold approach into corporate whistleblowing by utilizing YouTube. After over a year of investigations, some conducted by congress, the Department of Homeland Security Inspector General's office and various members of the press, it appears DeKort's allegations have all been proven to be accurate. Recently news stories have surfaced demonstrating his warning, that significant C4ISR problems will continue on all future ship assets, like the National Security Cutters, appears to be true. A Department of Justice investigation which began in the fall of 2007 is ongoing. In May 2008 the Coast Guard was asked to put aside its $96 million refund request from |
438_18 | ICGS so the DoJ and DHS IG could pursue the case themselves. In the summer of 2008 several reports on the Deepwater program—specifically the state of the 123 refund and the NSCs were submitted to congress by the GAO. Relative to the 123s the GAO compiled a list of costs the Coast Guard has incurred as a result of the eight lost patrol boats. These costs add up to well beyond the $96 million refund the Coast Guard requested. Their figures approached $150 million and did not include the residual value of the eight 123s or the $1.3 million for the eight rejected SRPs (Short Range Prosecutors). In another report the GAO acknowledged that the DoJ investigation now included an investigation into the NSC problems as well as the problems associated with 123s. |
438_19 | On May 29, 2009, the DHS IG released a report on the claims and amounts recovered. DeKort responded to this report with a list of additional issues the IG neglected and suggested that the same issues may occur with the NSC.
Citations
References cited
Renae Merle and Spencer S. Hsu, "Costly Fleet Update Falters: Contractors Oversee Coast Guard Project, Washington Post, December 8, 2006
Eric Lipton, "Billions Later, Plan to Remake the Coast Guard Fleet Stumbles", New York Times, December 9, 2006
"In Deepwater", The Economist, April 19, 2007
External links
GAO report on Deepwater Management Issues
House version of Deepwater Reform Act
Deepwater Oversight Hearings
United States Coast Guard
Lockheed Martin |
439_0 | Prototype 2 (stylized as [PROTOTYPE2]) is a 2012 open world action-adventure video game. Developed by Canadian studio Radical Entertainment and published by Activision, it is the sequel to 2009's Prototype. The game was announced at the 2010 Spike VGA Awards. Versions for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One were released on July 14, 2015 alongside the first game as Prototype Biohazard Bundle. Separate versions of the games became available in August 2015.
The game features a new protagonist, James Heller, as he goes on a quest to destroy the Blacklight virus. The story is one of revenge, as Heller wants to kill Alex Mercer, protagonist of the original Prototype, after his family was killed in the outbreak of the Blacklight virus. While the game was a top seller for a period of time, its sales would eventually result in the downsizing of its developer. |
439_1 | Gameplay |
439_2 | James Heller can shapeshift and assume other people's identities and memories by consuming them. Taking people's identities and shapeshifting into them has become more tactical. Due to Blackwatch's actions in the Yellow Zone, if the player assumes the role of a soldier, people will react to him in a way that shows that they want nothing to do with him. To make sure that enemies do not overwhelm the player, Radical has created a dodging system and new, more realistic AI. Heller will be able to use weapons in the game, such as ripping the Gatling cannon off a tank and using it against enemies. Heller can also sneak up on unsuspecting human enemies, inject them with the Blacklight virus turning them into "BioBomb" to blow up spectacularly. Heller also has superhuman strength and agility, near-invulnerability to harm, near-flight leaping and gliding, infinite stamina, increased speed, and has a sonar sense. The sonar includes a new pulse ability that highlights the key features of an |
439_3 | environment to make it easier for the player to find someone, instead of looking in a large crowd for a person with an icon above their head. Radical has stated that the powers will be more meaningful, appearing as mutations and upgrades that let players decide how they want to play as Heller. |
439_4 | To give gamers more power in the game, the developers have added tendrils. Tendrils sprout from Heller's arm and can be used for a variety of purposes. Players can use tendrils to smash objects into other objects, such as a car into a tank, utilising the 'Black Hole' attack. Players will be able to dismember enemies, a force that will become more useful as the game progresses. There are many more ways to kill enemies, ranging from throwing a car at a group of Blackwatch soldiers, hacking off a mutant's head or using powers. Consuming has not changed since the original Prototype, with the exception of some enemies, which are consumed upon grabbing them (e.g. Supersoldiers, Brawlers). It has also been announced that Heller can now control a pack of Brawlers (similar to Prototypes Hunters) to attack anything he desires (note: this power is limited to main variant of Brawler). Heller will no longer find 'Events' throughout NYZ, instead starting side-missions by hacking into Blacknet. |
439_5 | Blackwatch's system that details military operations and the three areas of NYZ, Heller chooses from a small list of missions at each terminal. Blacknet will allow Heller to find operations that he can disrupt or take control of for his own purposes and find important people that will allow him to learn more about what he has become because of the Blacklight virus. It will also help him find out more about Alex Mercer and what his connections are to his family's deaths. The missions that are selectable can be sidequests or extensions to the main quest that tell Heller more about the Blacklight virus. |
439_6 | Plot
In 2009, one year after the events of the first game, U.S. Marine Sergeant James Heller, returning from a tour in Iraq, discovers his wife and daughter to be declared dead, causing him to rejoin the military in the fight for NYZ against the Blacklight virus. Heller is briefed on previous outbreaks in Idaho in the 60's and the events of the first game. He later finds that Alex Mercer (the protagonist in the first game) has now lost faith in humanity, and pursues him for vengeance. |
439_7 | In a confrontation with Mercer, Heller is infected with a strain that imbues him with similar superhuman abilities. After blacking out, Heller awakens in a Yellow Zone lab where Gentek scientist Dr. Anton Koenig and Blackwatch Col. Douglas Rooks are experimenting on him. After Heller escapes from the Gentek base, Mercer confronts him and claims Gentek and Blackwatch are responsible for recreating and cultivating the Blacklight virus, making them responsible for the deaths of Heller's family. Revealing his plans to take down Gentek and Blackwatch, Mercer offers a truce to Heller. Unsure of Mercer's intentions, Heller goes to his local pastor, Father Luis Guerra, for advice and help. |
439_8 | Using information supplied by Guerra, Heller hacks into Blacknet Terminals to find out about and sabotage their operations. Gradually consuming his way through Blackwatch, Heller eventually finds and confronts Koenig, who claims to be on his side and reveals Blackwatch's super-soldier program, codenamed "Orion". Heller prevents Project: Orion's progress by killing a super-soldier who was injected with his DNA. After consuming one of the head scientists, Heller discovers that Koenig was observing him in order to find his weaknesses. Enraged at Koenig's betrayal, Heller tracks him down, and discovers that he has powers similar to his and Mercer's, and is one of several "Evolved" agents planted in Gentek and Blackwatch by Mercer. After defeating and consuming Koenig, Mercer reveals to Heller that he intends to recruit him in an attempt to control NYZ. His doubts growing, Guerra then shows Heller a video tape of Mercer releasing the virus for the second time in Penn Station. |
439_9 | Enraged at Mercer's deception, Heller sets off to the Green Zone to hunt down Mercer's henchmen, including an Evolved agent in Gentek named Sabrina Galloway; upon confronting Galloway, however, Heller reluctantly teams up with her when she reveals she can help him take down Mercer. With Galloway's help, Heller finds that Mercer plans to infect the entire world through "Whitelight", a contaminated vaccine released by Gentek that accelerates the infection.
Frustrated with Heller sabotaging his plans, Mercer confronts him. The two fight, and Mercer easily overpowers Heller. However, Mercer is unable to consume Heller due to his 'annoyingly resistant DNA', solidifying Heller's status as a virus-human hybrid. Mercer flees, and Heller receives a call from Father Guerra, who informs him that a horde of infected have amassed outside his apartment. |
439_10 | Heller arrives at Guerra's apartment, finding him dead. Heller uses Guerra's phone to reach Athena, Guerra's contact, who is revealed to be Dana Mercer. Dana explains that Heller's daughter, Maya, is still alive, prompting Heller to head for the Red Zone to save her. After Heller prevents Blackwatch's second attempt to level Manhattan Island, Rooks takes Heller's daughter hostage in Gentek Headquarter and locks it with an unbreakable door. Heller consumes an Alpha Juggernaut and temporarily obtains the ability to control other Juggernauts. Using this new ability, he breaks the door. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.