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Glossary of Terms
EPA- Environmental Protection Agency
Friable Asbestos - Is in powder form or crumbles when broken or compressed and cannot be accepted at Type I landfills.
Hazardous Materials - Materials that because of quantity | Glossary of Terms
EPA- Environmental Protection Agency
Friable Asbestos - Is in powder form or crumbles when broken or compressed and cannot be accepted at Type I landfills.
Hazardous Materials - Materials that because of quantity, concentration, physical or chemical characteristics, or biological properties require special handling and disposal to protect human health or the environment.
Industrial Solid Waste - Class II - Solid waste that consists of individual solid waste or combination of industrial solid wastes that can be described as Class I or Class III, as defined in TAC 335.506 relating to Class II waste.
Industrial Solid Waste - Class III - Solid waste is any inert and essentially insoluble industrial solid waste, including materials such as rock, brick, glass, dirt, and certain plastics and rubber, etc., that are not readily decomposable as defined in TAC 30 335.506 relating to Class III waste determination.
Non-Friable Asbestos - Asbestos not in powder form and does not crumble when broken or compressed in the hand.
Non-Hazardous Materials- Solid waste resulting from or incidental to municipal, community, commercial, institutional, recreational activities, and all other solid waste other than industrial solid waste.
Permit - Must be obtained by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) before a landfill can be operational.
TAC- Texas Administrative Code
TCEQ- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Type I Landfill - Governed by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and cannot accept hazardous materials.
WTRDF - West Texas Regional Disposal Facility |
The Government of the Soviet Union, as it was then known, publicly
announced the detonation of an atomic bomb. Past experience taught
Americans to treat Moscow pronouncements lightly. However, the White
House, in a solemn statement in | The Government of the Soviet Union, as it was then known, publicly
announced the detonation of an atomic bomb. Past experience taught
Americans to treat Moscow pronouncements lightly. However, the White
House, in a solemn statement in September, 1949, related the
disheartening news which startled and shocked the nation.
had finally come to understand the secrets of the atom. Russian
ingenuity in the scientific field probably contributed considerably
to this discovery. But what of the part played by American traitors
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg? This is their story.
In the summer
of 1949, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) learned that the
secret of the construction of the atom bomb had been stolen and
turned over to a foreign power. An immediate investigation was
undertaken which resulted in the identification of Emil Julius Klaus
Fuchs, a German-born British atomic scientist. British intelligence
authorities were advised, and Fuchs was arrested by British
authorities on February 2, 1950. He admitted his involvement in
Soviet atomic espionage, but he did not know the identity of his
was subsequently identified through FBI investigation as Harry Gold,
a Philadelphia chemist. On May 22, 1950, Gold confessed his
espionage activity to the FBI.
of Harry Gold's admissions led to the identification of David
Greenglass, a U.S. Army enlisted man, and Soviet Agent, who had been
assigned by the Army to Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1944 and 1945.
Gold stated that he had picked up espionage material from Greenglass
during June, 1945, on instructions of "John," his Soviet principal.
"John" was subsequently identified as Anatoli Yakovlev, former
Soviet vice-consul in New York City, who left the United States in
December, 1946. Interrogation of Greenglass and his wife, Ruth,
resulted in admissions of espionage activity under the instructions
of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, brother-in -law and sister,
respectively, of David Greenglass. Max Elitcher, a Naval Ordnance
engineer and an admitted Communist, was interviewed. He disclosed
that Morton Sobell, radar engineer and former classmate of Elitcher
and Rosenberg at a college in New York City, was also involved in
the Rosenberg espionage network.
Background of Principal Subjects
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Rosenberg was born on May 12, 1918, in New York City, the son of
immigrants, both of whom were born in Russia. He had one brother and
Rosenberg, nee Greenglass, was born September 28, 1915, in New York
City, the daughter of immigrants. Her father was born in Russia and
her mother was born in Austria. Other members of her family included
David, Bernard, and a half brother.
Julius Rosenberg were married June 18, 1939, in New York City and
had two sons, Micahel Allen, born March 10, 1943, and Robert Harry,
born May 14, 1947.
Ethel Rosenberg lived in the lower east side of Manhattan most of
their lives and both attended the same high school, Ethel graduating
in 1931 and Julius graduating in 1934. Julius Rosenberg attended the
school of engineering at a New York college from September, 1934,
until February, 1939, when he graduated with a bachelor's degree in
electrical engineering. He also took various courses at other New
At the time
of his apprehension he was operating a machine shop in New York City
manufacturing all types of parts for various manufacturing concerns.
revealed that Julius Rosenberg began associating with Ethel
Greenglass around 1932. Julius was disliked by Ethel's parents and
was not allowed to visit her parents' home from about 1932 until
1935. During that period Ethel and her two younger brothers, Bernard
and David, occupied an apartment on a floor above the home of their
parents. Julius Rosenberg would visit Ethel frequently at this
upstairs apartment, which was littered with copies of Communist
Party literature and the "Daily Worker." Julius and Ethel became
devoted Communists between 1932 and 1935, after which they
maintained that nothing was more important than the Communist cause.
obtained in March, 1944, reflected that Julius Rosenberg was a
member of the Communist Party. This information was furnished to the
Security and Intelligence Division, Second Service Command,
Governors Island, New York, in view of Rosenberg's employment by the
War Department at that time. This investigation also established
that his wife, Ethel, had signed a Communist Party petition.
Rosenberg's position with the United States Government was
terminated in December, 1945.
A search of
the Rosenberg apartment at the time of the arrest of Julius
Rosenberg disclosed that Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were members of
the International Workers Order.
In May, 1940,
the FBI's New York Office learned, after Ethel Rosenberg received an
appointment as an employee of the Census Bureau in Washington, D.C.,
that she was a devout communist. Further, Ethel Rosenberg and
another woman, alleged to have been Communist sympathizers, had
distributed Communist literature and and signed nominating petitions
of the Communist Party. Ethel Rosenberg had also signed a Communist
Party nominating petition, dated August 13, 1939, in New York City.
Investigation reflected that Julius Rosenberg claimed to have joined
the Young Communist League when he was 14 years of age. Also, he was
secretary of the Young Communist League while in college.
Greenglass, younger brother of Ethel Rosenberg, was born on March 3,
1922, in New York, where he attended public schools. After
graduating from high school in 1940, he began attending college for
a short per |
Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest
The Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest is a 2.76 million acre United States National Forest which runs along the Mogollon Rim and the White Mountains in east-central Arizona and extending into the U | Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest
The Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest is a 2.76 million acre United States National Forest which runs along the Mogollon Rim and the White Mountains in east-central Arizona and extending into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Both forests are managed as one unit by USDA Forest Service from the forest headquarters in Springerville, Arizona. It has over 400 species of wildlife. With its high elevation and cool summer breezes, it is a popular weekend destination from the hot desert for Phoenix, Arizona inhabitants. The forest is separated into 5 ranger districts that span almost 300 miles from Clifton, Arizona in the east-central part of Arizona to the eastern boundary of the Coconino National Forest in north-central Arizona. The forest borders the western and northern borders of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. It is located in parts of Greenlee, Apache, Navajo, and Coconino counties in eastern and east-central Arizona, and Catron County in western New Mexico. The more northwesterly Sitgreaves National Forest portion lies adjacent to the north side of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and is located entirely in Arizona, within Navajo, Apache, and Coconino counties. It has a total area of 818,651 acres. The more southeasterly and much larger Apache National Forest portion sits adjacent to the east side of the Fort Apache and the San Carlos Indian Reservations. It sits on both sides of the border with New Mexico, in Greenlee, Apache, and Catron counties. It has a total area of 1,813,601 acres.
It has eight notable cold water lakes and boasts a number of lakes and reservoirs and over 680 miles of rivers and streams. The headwaters for the Black, San Francisco, and Little Colorado rivers are in the White Mountains. The lakes are Big Lake, Willow Springs Lake, Woods Canyon Lake, Black Canyon Lake, Chevelon Canyon Lake, Bear Canyon Lake, Luna Lake, Crescent Lake, and Blue River.
There are four areas that are designated wilderness areas within Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest that are a part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. All of them lie within the former Apache National Forest section, except for a small part of one, which extends into neighboring Gila National Forest in New Mexico. They are Bear Wallow Wilderness, Escudilla Wilderness, Blue Range Wilderness, and Mount Baldy Wilderness.
Image Caption: The Apache-Sitgreaves highlands, looking east, going north, on route 191, in Arizona. Credit: Nightryder84/Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) |
Neil Armstrong was a quiet hero in an age of antiheroes. In an era that made cult heroes of amoral spies and cops who broke the rules, of James Bond and "Dirty Harry" Callahan, Neil Armstrong was the engineer who peacefully | Neil Armstrong was a quiet hero in an age of antiheroes. In an era that made cult heroes of amoral spies and cops who broke the rules, of James Bond and "Dirty Harry" Callahan, Neil Armstrong was the engineer who peacefully conquered a remote outpost of "the Last Frontier." At a time when the country was torn over race relations and bitterly divided over a war in Southeast Asia, Armstrong planted the American flag on the moon and left a marker there proclaiming we had "come in peace for all mankind." Americans were proud again, rejoicing in a peaceful triumph of science and the human spirit, one that did not require winning a war or bombing a third world nation "back to the stone age," as General Curtis Lemay had recommended as the way to peace in Vietnam. Patriotism was back in fashion, if only for a little while, before our attention was turned back to our wars, campus riots, and the "high crimes and misdemeanors" that became the Watergate scandal.
The famous moonwalk in the summer of 1969 was not, of course, the singular accomplishment of Armstrong, who died August 25 at 82. His "one small step for man" was soon followed by the footsteps of Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, who joined Armstrong on the moon's surface. A third astronaut, Michael Collins, continued to orbit in the mother ship that brought the Eagle within landing distance. And there were all those scientists and engineers at Mission Control in Houston, who could breathe again when they heard, "The Eagle has landed." They were all part of an astronaut program that had been in place for more than a decade, under the aegis of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and backed with several billion dollars. Previous missions had brought men near to the moon, but not on it. Armstrong's "giant leap for mankind" also represented the apex of American power, on earth and beyond.
Some might argue that height of our power came a little more than two decades later, when the breakup of the Soviet Union left America as the world's "lone superpower," the "indispensable nation," as Secretary of State Madeleine Albright would say in the decade of the Nineties. But the Soviet's downfall was their failure. The moon landing was our triumph. And it came at a dizzying pace, a mere eight years after our cause for celebration had been a short, sub-orbital flight by Alan Shepard, the first American in space. The following year John Glenn achieved hero status as the first American to orbit the earth. But in both of those achievements we were still behind, if only by a few months, of the Soviet Union. We would have to beat them to the moon, for reasons of both national security and national pride.
It was President Kennedy who, less than three weeks after Shepard's 15-minute ride in space, declared the goal of landing a man on the moon and bringing him safely back by the end of the decade. It was a bold commitment, one columnist George Will later compared to Babe Ruth's famous "called shot" home run at Chicago's Wrigley Field in the 1932 World Series. (Though it remains in dispute, Ruth allegedly pointed to the center field bleachers a moment or so before hitting the ball there. History can neither confirm the "call" nor tell us if an irate Cubs fan threw the ball back.) It was, of course, even more remarkable. Ruth's shot took a few seconds on a flight of a few hundred feet. Kennedy's commitment covered eight years and 480,000 miles, roundtrip. No one imagined at the time that the president who set that ambitious goal would not live long enough to see its fulfillment at the end of the decade. Nor could anyone have foreseen that fewer than 48 hours before the moon landing, another Kennedy would splash down in the waters off Chappaquiddick. It was an amazing weekend.
A self-described "nerdy engineer" Armstrong was, in the words of a statement released by his family August 25, "a reluctant American hero who always believed he was just doing his job." While the astronaut was reticent about his celebrity status, the press and public were not. While he explored the surface of the moon, reporters surrounded his home in Wapakoneta, a small town in southwestern Ohio. Souvenir hunters pulled tufts of grass from his front lawn. With Aldrin and Collins, he received a hero's welcome reminiscent of the adulation poured on Charles Lindbergh after the "Lone Eagle" made the first solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927. The trio appeared in parades in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles. But following a world tour of 20 nations, they quietly faded into history, while others took their place. A total of 12 Americans walked on the moon before the lunar mission was abandoned in 1972. But Armstrong will always be remembered as the first.
"When he and his fellow crew members lifted off aboard Apollo 11 in 1969, they carried with them the aspirations of an entire nation," President Obama said August 25, praising Armstrong as one of the nation's great heroes. "They set out to show the world that the American spirit can see beyond what seems unimaginable — that with enough drive and ingenuity, anything is possible."
Yet in a rare |
- Giovan Battista Belluzzi (1506–54) was a San Marino native who served as chief military engineer to Cosimo I de' Medici (1519–74), duke of Florence. This manuscript, believed to be in | - Giovan Battista Belluzzi (1506–54) was a San Marino native who served as chief military engineer to Cosimo I de' Medici (1519–74), duke of Florence. This manuscript, believed to be in Belluzzi’s own hand, was written for Stefano IV Colonna, a Florentine general also in the employment of the Medici family. The manuscript contains instructions for building military fortifications in remote areas, using only local resources such as earth and wood as structural elements. The text includes a discourse on how to evaluate the condition of the soil, how to treat soil to turn it into a binding agent or plaster, and how to apply it to wooden supports to fashion a defensive wall. The text also includes measurements for determining the height and length of a planned wall and a description of where to position the framework section of a wall. The manuscript contains a series of drawings to illustrate the methods described in the text, including an image depicting the pattern in which wooden poles were to be placed in the ground to form a section of wall. Another image shows a platform that was to be built so that workers could construct the elevated parts of the fortification. Belluzzi also provides illustrations of tools, methods of weaving strips of wood to form parts of walls, and other ways of using local elements to build fortified structures. He concludes the work with a description of the walls of the city of Pistoia, which he constructed in 1544. Belluzzi died in Medici service during the siege of Siena.
- Around -
Title in Original Language
- Trattato delle fortificazione di Terra
Type of Item
- 45 folios ; 232 x 168 millimeters |
Better Students Ask More Questions.
What is the problem in the short story "The Ambitious Guest"?
1 Answer | add yours
Middle School Teacher
The guest who comes to stay overnight with the family who lives at the bottom of the mountain | Better Students Ask More Questions.
What is the problem in the short story "The Ambitious Guest"?
1 Answer | add yours
Middle School Teacher
The guest who comes to stay overnight with the family who lives at the bottom of the mountain is on a physical and intellectual/emotional journey. He is described as being well-off, yet comfortable with those lower than he in social station, and his ultimate goal is to leave some sort of reputation or legacy behind. What shape that legacy will take has yet to be determined. The interesting irony is that at first it appears he has happened on a family of people who are content and cozy in their home and their lives; however, as the family visits with the traveler, it becomes apparent that outwar |
Golden Gate Bridge Opens
May 27, 1937
Even with views of the Pacific Ocean on one side and vistas of the city of San Francisco on the other, these days the most important place to look while on the Golden Gate Bridge | Golden Gate Bridge Opens
May 27, 1937
Even with views of the Pacific Ocean on one side and vistas of the city of San Francisco on the other, these days the most important place to look while on the Golden Gate Bridge is straight down. The long drop serves as a reminder to those on the bridge that they are vulnerable to earthquakes.
Today seismic engineers are hurrying to design a retrofit of the bridge to ensure that it is secure when an earthquake hits. The millions of people that travel on the bridge each month, the 200 foot drop and the nearby San Andreas and Hayward faults together have sparked a race against time to complete the task. While the Golden Gate bridge has fared well during previous tremors, engineers believe its 1930s design literally won't stand up when a major quake hits the area.
In 1937 the Golden Gate Bridge first opened to vehicle traffic providing a major artery between Marin County and San Francisco. Now pictures of the city before the bridge was built seem incomplete. With its 746 foot international orange towers, its sweeping cables and its position on the foot of the ocean, the Golden Gate Bridge is both a major roadway for daily commuters and a popular tourist attraction.
Since the Golden Gate opened, nearly 1.5 billion people have crossed the 1.7 mile stretch. During its first 30 years of operation vehicle traffic jumped 750 percent, sparking the creation of both bus and ferry operations, which are subsidized by today's three dollar toll for southbound drivers.
While engineers did find a way to secure the bridge's towers in the heavy ocean currents, accommodating earthquakes was not part of their original design.
The nearby Oakland-San Francisco Bay Bridge, also built in the 1930s, provides an example of what occurs when tremors and old bridge designs mix. That bridge was hit hard by an earthquake in 1989, forcing the upper deck of the bridge to fall and killing several people traveling below.
It took four years to build the Golden Gate Bridge, but today's seismic engineers estimate it could take less than sixty seconds to destroy if an earthquake's epicenter hits near the bridge. Even a weaker earthquake could cause unrecoverable damage that would close the bridge.
The integrity of the bridge is now intact, but seismic engineers believe a $175 million retrofit is required to prevent a disaster. To design the retrofit supercomputers are being used to simulate an earthquake's effect on each part of the bridge. The retrofit will take approximately five years to complete and although its cost is significant, it represents only about one-tenth of the eventual $1.4 billion replacement cost of the Golden Gate Bridge.
The retrofit will help reduce the amount of violent action caused by ground motion. To achieve this, several areas will be strengthened to secure the bridge when tremors arrive. The main work will occur on the structural steel, the approach viaducts, as well the concrete piers, pylons and anchorage housings. And the main cable saddles that run to the tops of the towers will be reinforced. The steel tower shafts and the struts that connect them will be overhauled. After work is complete, engineers hope that no matter how hard the bridge is hit, it will be able to remain open to emergency vehicles and that vehicle traffic will return within a month.
For now, everything remains the same on the Golden Gate. Vehicles rush to the city and tourists walk along the railings admiring the great view. So if you're one of the lucky ones to visit the landmark, remember where to look and when to get off.
Information Please® Database, © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Clinical examination to establish the presence of distress should focus on, but not be limited to, the following: signs of abnormal respiration (shallow, labored, or rapid); assessment of grooming and hair coat (piloerected or gre | Clinical examination to establish the presence of distress should focus on, but not be limited to, the following: signs of abnormal respiration (shallow, labored, or rapid); assessment of grooming and hair coat (piloerected or greasy, possibly reflecting reduced grooming); examination of the eyes (runny, glassy, or unfocused); examination of motor postures (hunching or cowering in the corner of the cage, lying on one’s side, lack of movement with loss of muscle tone); absence of alertness or quiescence (inattention to ongoing stimuli); changes in body weight; the ability or failure to produce urine or feces; unusual features of urine (volume, smell, and color) or feces (quantity, consistency, and color); the presence of vomit; the status of the animal’s appetite and water intake; and intense or frequent vocalizations (Bennett et al. 1998; Fortman et al. 2002; Fox et al. 2002). It is appropriate to evaluate some of these signs in context, as, for example, rapid breathing could result from vigorous activities such as playing or running on the wheel, lying down may occur as part of social grooming (e.g., among macaques), weight loss is often associated with advanced age, and some mammals raise their hair (piloerection) while eating. In addition, clinical evaluation and diagnosis should consider species, age, gender, physiological state, and genetic variables (Bennett et al. 1998).
While some of the clinical signs described above (e.g., respiratory changes, changes in fecal material and/or in urine) are more relevant to the acute onset of a distressful state, other measures may serve as potential early warning signs of distress (e.g., rapid body weight changes in the absence of dietary modifications). Significant and unexpected changes in weight in either direction may be indicators of altered endocrinological, immunological, or neurological parameters. Indeed, the relatively sudden loss of 25% body weight of a nonhuman primate is one of the parameters used to determine humane endpoints in primate research (Association of Primate Veterinarians 2008).
This view should not be applied to caloric restriction research protocols where animals may be subject to controlled diets that reduce their weight by as much as 15-20% (Heiderstadt et al. 2000). Such protocols are widely used in gerontology research where diet has been shown to slow aging, extend lifespan, and reduce the incidence of age-related diseases in rodents (Goto et al. 2002; for more references see Additional References), while beneficial effects have also been observed in nonhuman primates (Ingram et al. 2007). Moreover, sensory-motor function and learning studies may use caloric or water restriction as a motivational tool (Heiderstadt et al. 2000; Smith and Metz 2005). In these studies regular monitoring of body weight is essential to ensure that animals either do not fall below an accepted weight |
Projectneat to Donate Net Access
Projectneat is an independent non-profit group established to donate interactive learning tools to help connect every primary and secondary school to the Internet by the summer of 1998.
The group is using Sega Saturn Net | Projectneat to Donate Net Access
Projectneat is an independent non-profit group established to donate interactive learning tools to help connect every primary and secondary school to the Internet by the summer of 1998.
The group is using Sega Saturn Net Links versus traditional PCs to link to the Internet.
Uniquely suited for classrooms, the new Sega units cost less than $400, feature a CD-based ìpush-buttonî browser interface easily used by young students and display information on 27î televisions for whole-class interaction.
Each school receiving P |
By Megan Gross, Horticulture/Natural Resources Extension Agent, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension
Willow branches make good swords, especially when youre up against a wild pack of pint-sized pirates. They had fancy balloon swords, you see, and fancy | By Megan Gross, Horticulture/Natural Resources Extension Agent, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension
Willow branches make good swords, especially when youre up against a wild pack of pint-sized pirates. They had fancy balloon swords, you see, and fancy balloon parrots. I, on the other hand, had no such weaponry and was forced to improvise or die. A six-year-old needs few words to articulate such an ultimatum: "GET herrrrrrr!"
Hot on my heels and not keen to my plan, they followed me right to the willow tree, which was flanked on either side by Russian olives. I snapped a sucker from a branch and spun back to face-off. "Hi-Ya!" was all I could come up with for a battle cry. Pirate, karate master, whatever.
The most disturbing thing that day, oddly enough, was not that I was being attacked by a band of balloon fisted pirates. The part I cant shake was the fact that those lousy, thorn-ridden Russian olives were encroaching on my only hope for salvation: the willow.
Because I dont have space to say it kindly, Ill state it as plainly as a six-year-olds ultimatum: dont plant Russian olives or else. Or else youll be planting a tree that makes fruits fed upon by birds. These well-fed birds will then fly over a watershed area and release the undigested seed through their back ends. These seeds will sprout new Russian olive trees that will spread by root stock and by seed. These new plants will out-compete our native plants and create a dense, thorny thicket through which I |
Solar eclipse brings Maha Kumbh to a standstill
The longest solar eclipse of this millenium was witnessed by a huge crowd at Dhanushkodi, in Tamil Nadu. Dhanushkodi is only 18 kms | Solar eclipse brings Maha Kumbh to a standstill
The longest solar eclipse of this millenium was witnessed by a huge crowd at Dhanushkodi, in Tamil Nadu. Dhanushkodi is only 18 kms from Thalaimannar in Sri Lanka. The center line of the eclipse was at sea. Astronomers, students, tourists assembled in Dhanushkodi to get the best view of the event.
The eclipse started at 1100 and lasted till 1500 in the afternoon. The maximum shadow was achieved at 1317 and the sun was seen as a circular line of fire for the next ten minutes. The year 2010 started with an eclipse. Today, January 15th was the second. The year would witness two more eclipses.
The Pragjyati Astronomers Association of Guwahati and the Guwahati Planetarium had sent 5 members to Rameshwaram to witness this celestial phenomenon. The team was led by Professor Anil Kumar Goswami, a former principal of Cotton College Guwahati.
Goswami said, "We chose Rameshwaram because it is closer to the path of the Eclipse. When the ring of fire is visible, we will be looking for granular beads which are seen because of the uneven surface of the Moon. A few moments before and after the maximum shadow there is a possibility of seeing shadow bands. These are caused by differential refraction due to the different layers of the atmosphere."
Text: Ganesh Nadar
Additional inputs: PTI, ANI
Image: An Annular solar eclipse occurs over the skies of Rameswaram.
Photographs: Reuters/Rupak De Chowdhuri
'An eclipse is essentially a play of shadows'
Lucas Fuchs is from Vienna, Austria. where he works at the Vienna Planetarium and Observatory. He has studied Astronomy and flew to India to witness the eclipse.
Reka Harvath, a mathematics student from Austria, said, "I want to see how the birds, animals and people react to darkness in the daytime. We will be seeing how the moon crosses between the Sun and Earth and darkness reigning for ten minutes. It will be a chance to see the movement of the sun, the moon and what part we play in the universe."
Shishir Deshmukh, secretary of the Aakashmitra Mandal, Mumbai, brought 65 members to Dhanushkodi to photograph the eclipse. "We came here to witness the eclipse and also to tell people that there is nothing scary in an eclipse. There are too many superstitions attached to what is essentially a play of shadows. Nothing evil is going to happen. It occurs because of the orbital path of the moon and the earth, where the sun is the source of light."
The Tumkur Science Center came carrying lots of food. Once the eclipse started they started served food to each other. They sat down on the sands of Dhanuskodi and had a merry picnic. One of their members, Madhusudan Rao said, "We want to remove the superstition that people shoul |
This video describes how the normal thousands-of-years-long balance of new ice creation and melting due to ocean currents has been disrupted recently by warmer ocean currents. As a result, glacier tongues that overhang the interface between ice and ocean are breaking off and | This video describes how the normal thousands-of-years-long balance of new ice creation and melting due to ocean currents has been disrupted recently by warmer ocean currents. As a result, glacier tongues that overhang the interface between ice and ocean are breaking off and falling into the ocean.
This video from NASA features scientists who describe the role of salt in the oceans and global oceanic circulation, especially the effect of salinity on the density of water and its global circulation, with reference to global climate change.
In this video, students see how data from the ice core record is used to help scientists predict the future of our climate. Video features ice cores extracted from the WAIS Divide, a research station on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
This video highlights research conducted at Woods Hole on how heat absorbed by the ocean and changes of ocean chemistry from human activities could lead to a tipping point for marine life and ecosystems. Includes ice bath experiment that models the tipping point of Arctic sea ice.
This audio s |
In a report from the Archives of Internal Medicine, it was reported that most hospitalized patients (82%) could not accurately name the physician responsible for their care and almost half of the patients did not even know their diagnosis or why they were admitted. Of | In a report from the Archives of Internal Medicine, it was reported that most hospitalized patients (82%) could not accurately name the physician responsible for their care and almost half of the patients did not even know their diagnosis or why they were admitted. Of the physicians, 67% thought the patients knew their name and 77% of doctors thought the patients “understood their diagnoses at least somewhat well”. Although 98% of physicians thought they discussed their patient’s fears and anxieties with them, only 54% of patients thought they did.
Blogger Dr. Toni Brayer suggested several possible explanations for the communication gap:
- Patients are stressed while hospitalized and do not remember what is said.
- Many patients are heavily medicated and that affects ability to learn and remember.
- The trend to get patients out of the hospital quickly short changes communication time.
- Nurses, consultants and hospitalists don’t communicate well together and the patient gets a different message from each visit.
- Doctors are too rushed and deliver information too quickly to be understood.
- Hospitalized patients have too many consultants and no one is identified as the “responsible physician.”
And I would add:
- Doctors don’t pay enough attention to cultural differences.
There are cultural differences that we physicians encounter every day. In consult, during the span of a single day, I may see one or several of these (very generalized) stereotypes:
- The engaged patient.
- The type A personality (sometimes a subset of #1)
- The “you’re the doctor, I trust you, do what you think is right” patient.
- The foreign-speaking patient requiring a translator.
- Japanese: nod as a sign of respect, which we Americans assume implies understanding
- Indian: son, with parents and a comment to “don’t tell too much” to the elders
- Hispanics: full family, including grandchildren and a trusting, “doctor knows” attitude
The above are generalizations and are in no way meant to get myself in trouble with any particular group of people. They are just observations about how some people may act when they visit their doctor. Of course, I have seen all of those types of people act differently also.
The important thing to remember is that all of those wonderful “groups” of patients deserve, and I attempt to give, the same attempts at full disclosure, i.e. effective communication. It is difficult to imagine, therefore, that a stressed-for-time primary care physician can slow down enough to be able to communicate everything that needs to be said in the short time allotted. That’s where I come in. As a specialist, I have the luxury of having a bit more time to spend with each patient. So when a person says that their doctor didn’t communicate the findings or plan with them, I give that physician the benefit of the doubt, saying so to the patient, and then explain to the best of my abilities what they need to know.
As a specialist (interventional radiologist) I can’t tell you how often it is that I see patients in consult who tell me that their doctor “didn’t tell them anything.” I’ve come to realize through discussion with many of those referring doctors, that they of course did communicate some/all relevant information. There is obviously a disconnect between what a patient hears, what a doctor says, what a doctor hears, and what a patient says.
Another part of the problem may be that many doctors no longer know how to communicate using “normal English.” I remember being criticized by my OB attending (first rotation in med school) for not using medical terms enough when talking with my patients. I took that as a compliment.
I think the key from the doctor’s standpoint, is to pay extremely close attention to what we say, how we say it, and how the patient responds. Then we can be better assured that we have had a fruitful communication.
Paul Dorio is an interventional radiologist who blogs at his self-titled site, Paul J Dorio, MD.
Submit a guest post and be heard. |
Don’t let the size of those boxes under the Christmas tree fool you. Good things sometimes come in little packages, and here’s a video from the University of Michigan to prove it.
U of M students designed and built a satellite called RAX | Don’t let the size of those boxes under the Christmas tree fool you. Good things sometimes come in little packages, and here’s a video from the University of Michigan to prove it.
U of M students designed and built a satellite called RAX, or Radio Aurora Explorer, to fit into the standardized 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm frames of the CubeSat initiative, which puts low-cost instruments into orbit. Funded by NSF, RAX is a joint venture between the university and SRI International.
Basically the idea is to study plasma instabilities in the ionosphere. These clouds of magnetic disturbance can disrupt communications between Earth and spacecraft. RAX receives and processes signals from incoherent radar based in Alaska tha |
This assignment requires you to: a) examine and understand the use of ethos, pathos, and logos to defend claims, b) peruse and understand existing lists of credible top song lists and c) compose and defend your own list of top | This assignment requires you to: a) examine and understand the use of ethos, pathos, and logos to defend claims, b) peruse and understand existing lists of credible top song lists and c) compose and defend your own list of top songs. Next week, you will share the audio and annotated lyric versions of your top pick.
1. Read and comprehend the explanation of ethos, pathos, and logos. (7 min.)
2. First, utilize several Bolean operators to peruse existing list of "top" or "best" "song" or "songwriters." Defend your selection for the most substantiated list (25 min.) Start here.
3. Develop your own "countdown style" list. Defend each claim with ethos, pathos, and logos.
4. Click here. Sign up for next week's list defense. On your day, you must have a playable version of your top track, copies of annotated lyrics (30) and a prepared defense including ethos, pathos, and logos. If you find yourself with extra time, begin to develop this or turn your attention to your fiction draft (due Thursday as hard copy for peer editing). Your teacher and your peers will evaluate your persuasion for a double quiz grade. |
The red fox is a quick, skillful hunter, feeding on a wide variety of foods. Mice are often eaten, especially during the winter months and cottontail rabbits are also an important part of their diet. They remain active throughout the | The red fox is a quick, skillful hunter, feeding on a wide variety of foods. Mice are often eaten, especially during the winter months and cottontail rabbits are also an important part of their diet. They remain active throughout the year but are primarily nocturnal, only occasionally coming out during the daylight hours. Red foxes seem to prefer somewhat open habitats and are not creatures of dense forests. They are found mostly in areas with interspersed croplands, old fields, and woodlots, especially along the edges formed by these habitats.
The red fox resembles a bushy-tailed, medium sized dog. The usual coloration is a bright rusty-red with black feet and legs and and a whitish belly. A good identifying feature is the long tail which is tipped with white. Other color varieties of the red fox also occur including a black, a silver, and a cross phase in which a dark area crosses over the shoulders and down the middle of the back. Red foxes measure in total length from about 39 to 41 inches and weigh between 10 and 15 pounds.
Red foxes are found throughout much of North America. They occur throughout most of the Carolina mountains and Piedmont but are rare to absent in the eastern coastal plain. The red fox is one of two fox species found in the southern mountains. The other, the grey fox, is sometimes mistaken for the red fox, but is somewhat different in appearance and frequents slightly different habitats.
Method of kill
The fox tends to strike fear into the hearts of chicken owners. The fox is prone to hunt 2 hours after sundown and 2 hours before sun rise. Foxes take their prey some distance (miles even) from the sight of the kill. Usually the only sign of a fox raid is scattered feathers. Although most active at twilight they are also sometimes seen during the day. They are known for their raids on poultry, particulourly during the spring when there is a need to provide food for their growing litters. Red foxes do not chew their food, they tend to swallow it whole. This accounts for the abundance of fur and crushed bones found in fox droppings. They commonly kill more food that they eat at once and bury the extra food in caches.
Prevention / Treatment
A red fox is an intelligent predator that will not hesitate to go after your chickens for its next meal. Spring time presents the highest number of chicken casualties, because it is this time that red foxes need to gather more food to sustain their offspring. A single red fox has been known to wipe out entire chicken flocks in a single raid. These killers are not just relentless, but they are also patient and very smart. They will find all the cracks, openings, and weak points in your chicken runs and use those as entry points. If you have cats, small dogs, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs, then you will find that the red fox will have more reason to stalk your property.
Make sure that it is not illegal to shot or trap red foxes in your state. Chicken farmers often shoot at red foxes, because they know it takes a lot of energy to scare these brave predators. The red fox is accustomed to raiding houses and farms that they have gotten used to dealing with the human element. Live baits and traps can be used to get rid of that pesky red fox, but after capturing one, make sure to call Animal Control as relocating red foxes are not allowed in many states. If you do install traps, ensure that the red fox will not see them as they are smart enough to know objects that are meant to harm them. Just like cats, red foxes will not go into a particular area twice if they know that there is a trap there.
For those who have free range chickens and animals roaming around their gardens, yards and farm area, the best thing to do is to keep your poultry and livestock safe at night. These hunters can jump over a 6-foot high fence and they can dig their way underground as well. You can extend the level of protection by burying strong chicken wire several inches underground. Electric fencing is also recommended. If you want an all-around method to scare away red foxes, however, get a guarding dog that can act as your alarm and guard whenever you are not there to watch over your chickens. Foxes will rarely fight a bigger animal especially if they know that they need to be able to survive so that they can feed their young. |
HIV in Europe is transmitted primarily in vacation destinations, according to a study published recently in the journal Retrovirology, the PA/Google.com reports. For the study, researchers led by Dimitrios Paraskevis of the University of Athens | HIV in Europe is transmitted primarily in vacation destinations, according to a study published recently in the journal Retrovirology, the PA/Google.com reports. For the study, researchers led by Dimitrios Paraskevis of the University of Athens analyzed samples of HIV-1 subtype B virus, the most prevalent form of HIV in Europe, from 16 European countries and Israel (PA/Google.com, 5/20). The researchers created a family tree of the virus and examined its genetic characteristics to determine how it has evolved.
The study found that tourists are more likely to contract HIV in Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain, which are popular vacation destinations. Meanwhile, HIV-positive people in Austria, Belgium, Denmark and Luxembourg are more likely to have contracted the virus outside of these countries. The study also found that HIV-positive people in Israel, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom contract the virus both within these countries and in other countries. In addition, the study found that in Poland the virus spread mainly among residents through injection drug use.
"Viruses move around with travelers -- thus health programs within countries should not only t |
Wasted or unused medicine is a serious and growing problem within the NHS that you can help tackle.
It is estimated that as much as
£300million is wasted every year on unused or partially used medication.
Featured on BBC Radio 5 Live | Wasted or unused medicine is a serious and growing problem within the NHS that you can help tackle.
It is estimated that as much as
£300million is wasted every year on unused or partially used medication.
Featured on BBC Radio 5 Live
Unused prescription medicines cost the NHS in the UK an estimated £300million every year. This could pay for...
11,778 MORE community nurses or
80,906 MORE hip replacements or
19,799 MORE drug treatment courses for breast cancer or
300,000 MORE drug treatment courses for Alzheimer's or
312,175 MORE cataract operations
Wasted medicine is everyone's responsibility and there are small changes you can make to help reduce the amount of medicine being wasted. These savings could be reinvested into more front line care and services for the benefit of all.
The Medicine Waste campaign is an ongoing initiative with campaigns occurring throughout the UK all year round. |
Anyone who has ever engaged in a round of peekaboo with a child has witnessed an adorable yet somewhat illogical behavior that is nearly universally shared among children: the attempt to hide from view by simply closing their eyes. This is cute and all | Anyone who has ever engaged in a round of peekaboo with a child has witnessed an adorable yet somewhat illogical behavior that is nearly universally shared among children: the attempt to hide from view by simply closing their eyes. This is cute and all, but it's also baffling. Why do children think they can render themselves invisible? And why have nearly all young children come to this same irrational conclusion?
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have turned their attentions to this mystery by performing a variety of simple tests on groups of 3 and 4-year-old children. The researchers first placed the children in eye masks and asked them whether they could be seen by the researchers, as well as whether the researchers could see other adults if those adults were wearing eye masks. Nearly all the children felt that they were obscured from view as long as their eyes were masked, and most of them also thought the eye masks shielded the adults from view as well.
Next, they questioned a second group of children wearing one of two different sets of goggles. The first set of goggles were blacked out completely. The second set were one-way-mirrored, meaning the children's eyes were obscured from view but the children could see out of the goggles. This exercise may have suffered somewhat from faulty experiment design, as most of the children wearing the mirrored goggles didn't properly grasp the idea that while they could see out of the goggles, their own eyes were obscured from view. But of those who did get it all thought they were hidden from view regardless of whether they were wearing blacked out goggles or the mirrored pair.
None of this makes a ton of sense really, but keep in mind that these are children. They eat snot sometimes. And however nonsensical it may seem to us brilliant adults, at least they are being consistent. When their eyes are covered up, they feel invisible. But there's a twist here. When pressed on exactly what their invisibility meant, the children in both of the aforementioned phases of the study admitted that, okay, their bodies were still visible when their eyes were covered. It was their "self" that was hidden, or at least that is the implication; children seem to draw a distinction between body and "self" and the self seems to be universally described as living in the eyes in some sense--unless the eyes of two people meet, they cannot actually perceive each other.
In yet another study this conclusion seems to be borne out. The researchers looked directly at the child subjects while the children averted their eyes. Then they did it the other way around, with child looking on and researcher averting their gazes. In both instances, the children largely felt they were not being seen as long as the eyes didn't meet.
Which is crazy, children, but whatever. At least now you know why your toddler won't look at you when you're delivering a scolding. The look-away is the perfect getaway.
Oddly enough the children are CORRECT. Think about it, if you dont SEE someone, and I mean really LOOK at them, they don't exist. It's not so much covering the eyes makes the child invisible, its covering the eyes makes the rest of the world not exist. (which is what these researches should have been asking about).
But thing about any time you have walked into a crowded area, do you remember any of the people in the periphery of your vision? Did you even really register them as "people" or were they simply obstacles to be avoided, pushed through.
Unless you lay your gaze upon them and take the time to register them, the mind barely even registers them as human.
It's not something you can "Actively Test" either, you just have to think about it after the fact, because trying to test it causes you to think about it, which causes you to register them... funny how that works. But when you aren't thinking about it, and just trying to get from point A to B and then remember to look back on it later, you can see the effect.
So.. think about it the next time you leave a crowded area, were there people in there or moving trees?
My dog closes its eyes when I admonish it. " You can not be cross with me because I can not see you"
Some of us here have the power of complete invisibility. The only problem is the only time we can demonstrate it is when no one is looking at us...
"We Entertain When It Rains"
It makes a lot of sense to me, the self being in the eyes. From my point of view, I am looking out at the world through my eyes. It's like my self is in my head, like a soul. Separating my body from my self, you can only see me if you look into my eyes.
The farther from my eyes I get, the less the body feels like me, and the more it feels like a tool. For example, if I am sitting and kick something with a small movement of my foot.
The child in this picture has just read Dan Nosowitz article on " A Bloody Seeping Hole In My Foot, And Other Memories From A Field Biologist",
and can believe his eyes, on what such a dumb article!!!!
Probably the same reason my cat hides under the bed with his butt & tail sticking out.
"...okay, their bodies were still visible when their eyes were covered. It was their “self” that was hidden..."
Thus proving that it's the adults that are the retards and the children that understand the way reality is truly designed.
A child uses physically |
Governor Pat Quinn said he’s “working night and day” to increase the Mississippi River water levels.
After months of drought, the water levels are extremely low. Many of the state’s products like grain and coal are transported by the river.
| Governor Pat Quinn said he’s “working night and day” to increase the Mississippi River water levels.
After months of drought, the water levels are extremely low. Many of the state’s products like grain and coal are transported by the river.
If the drought continues the rivers could reach historic lows by the end of December.
Quinn said it’s a problem that calls for immediate action.
“We’ve asked the Army Corps of Engineers to initiate immediately blasting and dredging to make the river a little deeper,” Quinn said. “We’ve also asked that the Missouri River be allowed to have more water put into the Mississippi.”
But Bob Anderson, a spokesman with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), said the laws that dictate the operation of the Missouri River doesn’t allow them to release water.
“They cannot legally let the water go to benefit the Mississippi river because they have their own economic purposes for the Missouri River basin,” Anderson said.
The USACE is working on a plan to blast river rocks using explosives to deepen |
||The neutrality of this article is disputed. (April 2011)|
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011)|
Niranam is a small village in Southern Kerala in India near Mannar town. | ||The neutrality of this article is disputed. (April 2011)|
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011)|
Niranam is a small village in Southern Kerala in India near Mannar town. In 14th century Niranam gave birth to three poets who became well known as the Niranam Poets. They were Madhava Panikkar, Sankara Panikkar and Rama Panikkar of the Kannassa family. The first two were uncles of Rama Panikkar. Many of their community members were Sanskrit scholars and traditional astrologers. The lived between AD 1350 and 1450.
Before their period the poetry of Kerala was a mix of Malayalam and Sanskrit, known as manipravala. Niranam poets were instrumental in freeing the literature from the influence of this mix. The appearance of the modern Malayalam language starts with the works of Niranam Poets.
Their success led to the gradual replacement of the manipravala cult of worldliness and sensual revelry by an indigenous poetics of high seriousness. Their works are collectively known as Niranam Works. Madhava Panikkar wrote a condensed Malayalam translation of Bhagavad Gita, perhaps the first ever translation of that classic into any modern Indian language. Sankara Panikkar’s main work is Bharatamala, a condensation of Mahabharatam, is also the first major work of its kind in Malayalam. Rama Panikkar was the author of Ramayanam, Bhartam, Bhagavatam and Sivarathri Mahatmyam.
Kannassa Ramayanam and Kannassa Bharatam are the most important of Niranam works. Ulloor, a literary historian of Kerala, has said that Rama Panikkar holds the same position in Malayalam literature that Spenser does in English literature.
"The Niranam Poets". Pathanamthitta Art and Culture. Retrieved 2007-09-22.
|This poetry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| |
The physics of Angry Birds OCT 13 2010
Using motion tracking software, Rhett Allain finds out if the flight of the slingshotted Angry Birds adheres to the laws of physics.
The only force acting on the bird | The physics of Angry Birds OCT 13 2010
Using motion tracking software, Rhett Allain finds out if the flight of the slingshotted Angry Birds adheres to the laws of physics.
The only force acting on the bird (if the bird is not moving too fast) would be the gravitational force from the Earth. This is where I see lots of intro-student mistakes. They tend to want to put some force in the horizontal direction because the bird is moving that way. DON'T do that. That is what Aristotle would have you believe, but you don't want to be in his club. There is no horizontal force in this case -- no air resistance.
He also determines the height of the red bird: about 2.3 feet tall. The big red bird must be at least double that. |
NEW MESOTHELIOMA TREATMENT APPROACHES
New approaches to treat malignant mesothelioma are currently being tested. They often combine traditional treatments or include something entirely new. They include:
Angiogenesis and Anti-angi | NEW MESOTHELIOMA TREATMENT APPROACHES
New approaches to treat malignant mesothelioma are currently being tested. They often combine traditional treatments or include something entirely new. They include:
Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenesis Drugs
Although progress has been made in the early detection of cancer, and in improved treatment options once cancer is diagnosed, there are still many cancers, including mesothelioma, which can not be cured and remain difficult to treat effectively. In recent years, researchers have learned a great deal about how cancer cells differ from normal cells and, in an effort to find drugs without the potentially severe side effects of chemotherapy, have now discovered drugs which target the tumor itself while sparing the body’s normal cells. One such group are the anti-angiogenesis drugs.
Sometimes called biological therapy, immunotherapy uses the body’s own immune system to protect itself against disease. Researchers have found that the immune system may be able to recognize the difference between healthy cells and cancer cells, and eliminate those that become cancerous. Immunotherapy is designed to repair, stimulate, or enhance the immune system’s natural anticancer function.
Substances used in immunotherapy, called biological response modifiers (BRMs) alter the interaction between the body’s immune defenses and cancer, thereby improving the body’s ability to fight disease. Some BRMs, such as cytokines and antibodies, occur naturally in the body, however, it is now possible to make BRMs in the laboratory that can imitate or influence natural immune response agents. These BRMs may:
- Enhance the immune system to fight cancer cell growth.
- Eliminate, regulate, or suppress body responses that permit cancer growth.
- Make cancer cells more susceptible to destruction by the immune system.
- Alter cancer cell’s growth patterns to behave like normal cells.
- Block or reverse the process that changes a normal cell into a cancer cell.
- Prevent a cancer cell from spreading to other sites.
Many BRMs are currently being used in cancer treatment, including interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, colony-stimulating factors, monoclonal antibodies, and cancer vaccines.
More on immunotherapy for mesothelioma.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Photodynamic therapy is a type of cancer treatment based on the premise that single-celled organisms, if first treated with certain photosensitive drugs, will die when exposed to light at a particular frequency. PDT destroys cancerous cells by using this fixed frequency light to activate photosensitizing drugs which have accumulated in body tissues.
In PDT, a photosensitizing drug is administered intravenously. Within a specific time frame (usually a matter of days), the drug selectively concentrates in diseased cells, while rapidly being eliminated from normal cells. The treated cancer cells are then exposed to a laser light chosen for its ability to activate the photosensitizing agent. This laser light is delivered to the cancer site, (in the case of mesothelioma, the pleura), through a fiberoptic device that allows the laser light to be manipulated by the physician. As the agent in the treated cells absorbs the light, an active form of oxygen destroys the surrounding cancer cells. The light exposure must be carefully timed, so that it occurs when most of the photosensitizing drug has left the healthy cells, but is still present in cancerous ones.
The major side effect of PDT is skin sensitivity. Patients undergoing this type of therapy are usually advised to avoid direct and even indirect sunlight for at least six weeks. Other side effects may include nausea, vomiting, a metallic taste in the mouth, and eye sensitivity to light. These symptoms may sometimes come as a result of the injection of the photosensitizing agent.
Gene therapy is an approach to treating potentially fatal or disabling diseases by modifying the expression of an individual’s genes toward a therapeutic goal. The premise of gene therapy is based on correcting disease at the DNA level and compensating for the abnormal genes.
Replacement gene therapy replaces a mutated or missing gene, most often a tumor suppressor gene, with a normal copy of that gene which serves to keep cell growth and division under control. The p53 gene, the most common gene mutated in cancer has become a prime target for gene replacement, and has met with some success in inhibiting cell growth, inhibiting angiogenesis (the development of a tumor’s blood supply), and inducing apoptosis (cell death).
Knockout gene therapy targets the products of oncogenes (a gene that can induce tumor formation) in an effort to render them inactive and reduce cell growth.
With constantly expanding knowledge of the genes associated with cancer, their functions, and the delivery systems used in administering these genes, gene therapy has a promising future.
Complementary and alternative medicine
This term covers a wide range of healing philosophies that conventional medicine does not commonly accept or make available to its patients. Some of these practices include the use of acupuncture, herbs, homeopathy, therapeutic massage, and Far Eastern medicine to treat health conditions.
These therapies may be used alone as an alternative to conventional medicine, or in ad |
"The message here is that we don't have anything against coal, but we have to reduce pollution that comes from coal to our air, to our water and on our land," EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson told reporters during a conference call Thursday morning | "The message here is that we don't have anything against coal, but we have to reduce pollution that comes from coal to our air, to our water and on our land," EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson told reporters during a conference call Thursday morning.
TVA finalized its moves with approval Thursday of a 10-year plan developed over the last two years with input from various experts, along with political leaders, business and consumer groups and environmental organizations.
TVA is an independent, corporate agency of the United States, created as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933. The law was passed to provide navigation, flood control, electrical generation and economic development to a region that was particularly hard hit by the Great Depression.
Units slated for being phased out by the TVA account for 2,700 megawatts of TVA's 17,000 megawatts of coal-fired generating capacity. By comparison, none of the 18 units are as large as American Electric Power's relatively small Kanawha River Plant at Glasgow, and the total of 2,700 megawatts is just slightly smaller than the generating capacity of AEP's John Amos Power Plant in Putnam County.
But together, the three plants involved in the phase-out bought about 8.2 million tons of coal in 2010, roughly equal to the combined production of West Virginia's two largest mountaintop removal mines.
Last year, TVA plants bought 1.2 milli |
How to Teach English As a Second Language
Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) refers to the instruction of English to people whose native language is not English. ESL teachers work in schools, language institutions or independently with youth and adult | How to Teach English As a Second Language
Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) refers to the instruction of English to people whose native language is not English. ESL teachers work in schools, language institutions or independently with youth and adult learners to improve their English language skills. Qualifications for becoming a teacher of ESL vary by state and job type, but minimum requirements generally include a bachelor's degree and an ESL certificate.
How to Become an ESL Teacher
Step 1: Earning a Bachelor's Degree
A 4-year bachelor's degree is generally the minimum level of education required for ESL teaching positions in the United States. Bachelor degree programs in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) or Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) are uncommon, but available, as are degrees in English, education or linguistics with a concentration in teaching ESL.
While these degrees may better prepare students for ESL teaching careers, students with undergraduate degrees in any major are eligible to earn ESL teaching certification. Students are encouraged to complete coursework in a language other than English in preparation for teaching ESL.
Step 2: Earning ESL Certification
Candidates with ESL certification typically find jobs teaching in private schools, language institutes and academies. Some do freelance work, teaching one-on-one conversation classes or business English in offices.
ESL teachers who work in private schools or language institutions must hold an English teaching certificate, such as TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) or TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) certificates. Independent certificate programs generally require 2-6 weeks of full-time work, but may demand up to 15 weeks. Program coursework covers teaching methods and lesson planning, as well as a teaching practicum, in which students are supervised and evaluated in a classroom setting.
While many independent certificate programs do not require a bachelor's degree, most public and private schools in the U.S. and abroad prefer ESL teachers with a degree. Independent certificate programs may be completed at a language school in the U.S. or in another country. Certificate programs offered at a college or university are typically offered through continuing education departments or as part of a master's degree program in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages).
Step 3: Earning State Teaching Certification
Many public schools employ ESL teachers to work with elementary and secondary school students who speak a language other than English at home. To work in a public school, candidates must go through the teaching certification process established by the state department of education certifi |
In 1979 a possible satellite of Antigone was suggested based on lightcurve data. A model constructed from these shows Antigone itself to be quite regularly shaped. In 1990, the asteroid was observed from the Collurania | In 1979 a possible satellite of Antigone was suggested based on lightcurve data. A model constructed from these shows Antigone itself to be quite regularly shaped. In 1990, the asteroid was observed from the Collurania-Teramo Observatory, allowing a composite light curve to be produced that showed a rotation period of 4.9572 ± 0.0001 hours and a brightness variation of 0.34 ± 0.01 in magnitude. The ratio of the lengths of the major to minor axes for this asteroid were found to be 1.45 ±0.02.
10µ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave a diameter estimate of 114 km. Since 1985, a total of three stellaroccultations by Antigone have been observed. A favorable occultation of a star on April 11, 1985 was observed from sites near Pueblo, Colorado, allowing a diameter estimate of 113.0 ± 4.2 km to be calculated. |
The Values of Belonging breaks new ground by examining human value systems from the perspective of how we live, not our gender. "There is a way of being in the world that recoils from aggressiveness, cunning, and greed," writes | The Values of Belonging breaks new ground by examining human value systems from the perspective of how we live, not our gender. "There is a way of being in the world that recoils from aggressiveness, cunning, and greed," writes bestselling author Carol Lee Flinders. This way of being arose out of the relationships our hunter-gatherer ancestors had with the natural world, one another, and Spirit -- relationships that are most acutely understood in terms of trust, inclusion, and mutual reciprocity. This society's core values, which include intimate connection with the land, empathetic relationship with animals, self-restraint, balance, expressiveness, generosity, egalitarianism, playfulness, and nonviolent conflict resolution, are what Flinders calls the "values of Belonging."
But with the Agricultural Revolution, as people took charge of what they could grow and where, the nature of human society changed. Once we could produce enough food to have surpluses, food could be bartered. The concept of ownership took on new meaning; more complex economies evolved, and with them came social and economic inequities. Qualities that had been reviled, such as competitiveness, acquisitiveness, and ambition, became under these new conditions the means to success. God underwent a transformation as well, becoming masculine, supreme, and finally located above and beyond us in the heavens. Flinders observes that these "values of Enterpr |
This large collection of mathematics resources was produced by Eigen Publications during the period 1983 – 1987. It was almost exclusively written by Dave Kirkby and Des Wilson who set up Eigen Publications.
The material in the collection consists of a large | This large collection of mathematics resources was produced by Eigen Publications during the period 1983 – 1987. It was almost exclusively written by Dave Kirkby and Des Wilson who set up Eigen Publications.
The material in the collection consists of a large number of A5 booklets (nominally 12 to 16 pages) intended for teachers, two very original teaching aids (the Eigen Square and Face Cards) with supporting material and challenge cards for student use.
The material includes games, investigations, problem solving activities, challenges and many activities which involve students in active learning - often using simple equipment.
The collection consists of the following series of resources:
Maths in Sport
Number Activities in the Classroom
Shape Activity Booklets
The Early Years material is aimed at Key Stage One and the remaining material for Key Stage Two and Key Stage Three, with the main emphasis on Key Stage Two. However, some of this latter material could be used with slightly younger students.
Most of the booklets give a wealth of ideas, some of which were later found in similar form in Primary Strategy material – for example the use of arrow cards which is the focus of four of the booklets in Number Activities in the Classroom.
The booklets are emphatically intended to provide ideas for teachers; they provide material which can very quickly be turned into interactive classroom activities.
This collection of resources was published mainly between 1983 and 1987. The mathematical content is still very relevant; some of the teaching approaches were adopted by National Strategy materials.
HEALTH and SAFETY
Any use of a resource that includes a practical activity must include a risk assessment. Please note that collections may contain ARCHIVE resources, which were developed at a much earlier date. Since that time there have been significant changes in the rules and guidance affecting laboratory practical work. Further information is provided in our Health and Safety guidance.
This material from Eigen Publications consists of 12 booklets and two sides of a set of cards. These are: • Flapjack – teachers’ notes and cards (Material for teaching early number) • Maths Activity in the Early Years 1 Flap Jacks • Maths Activity in the Early Years 2 Step on It • Maths Activity…
This material from Eigen Publications consists of seven booklets of which the first three relate to soccer. Many of the activities require students to obtain data from current newspapers or elsewhere. The data supplied in the booklets is significantly out of date but could be of historical interest – certainly record ground…
The Eigen Square, from Eigen Publications is a fun, tactile teaching tool which really engages Key Stage Two students. Unfortunately it needs to be made! It can be easily constructed from two squares of transparent sticky-backed plastic and 16 double sided digit cards. The views of the front and back of the Eigen Square give an indication…
These nine A5 booklets from Eigen Publications, each of about 12 pages, split into two groups. Four of the booklets provide activities that use arrow cards to support the understanding of place value and the other five booklets are independent and look at specific numerical activities. The authors state that the materials have been…
These 22 A5 booklets from Eigen Publications contain a large number of games which almost exclusively focus on developing understanding of number and practicing number skills. In most cases the title gives a clear indication of the mathematical focus area and those that don’t cut across several aspects of number. There are…
These 14 A5 booklets from Eigen Publications contain a very wide range of activities that provide practical approaches to shape which use relatively simple equipment. Virtually all of the activities focus on using correct mathematical language and encourage students to describe shapes using their properties. The booklets are written…
Resource by: Eigen Publications |
For Immediate Release
Office of the First Lady
November 13, 2006
Fact Sheet: The White House Summit on Malaria
The White House Summit on Malaria
Malaria A Largely Preventable Disease Kills 3 | For Immediate Release
Office of the First Lady
November 13, 2006
Fact Sheet: The White House Summit on Malaria
The White House Summit on Malaria
Malaria A Largely Preventable Disease Kills 3,000 Children Every Day And Claims Almost A Million Lives A Year In Africa. Defeating malaria is an urgent calling and an achievable goal. Adding to the urgency is the fact that malaria is largely preventable. While malaria once afflicted many Americans, today malaria is virtually unheard of in the United States.Over the decades, malaria was eliminated in the United States and elsewhere through science and medical advances. The challenge now is to make sure this progress benefits people still at risk of malaria in Africa.
The President And Mrs. Bush Will Host The White House Summit On Malaria On December 14, 2006, In Washington, DC, To Discuss And Highlight Measures For Combating This Preventable Disease
President Bush Announced The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) In June 2005. PMI is a five-year, $1.2 billion program that challenges the private sector to join the U.S. Government in combating malaria in 15 of the hardest-hit countries. The initiative aims to cut malaria-related deaths by 50 percent in these 15 focus countries in Africa.
Purpose Of The Summit
Highlighting Measures To Control Malaria. The White House Summit on Malaria will bring together international experts, multilateral institutions, corporations and foundations, African civic leaders, NGOs and faith-based and service organizations to discuss and highlight measures for controlling malaria. The objectives of the Summit are:
Partnering Together To Give African Children The Gift Of Growing Up. The Summit will highlight the many organizations at work in the fight against malaria, including Malaria No More, which is helping to mobilize new private sector support.
Mobilizing Grassroots To Save Millions Of Lives In Africa. The Summit will engage the private sector in a powerful grassroots movement to raise awareness of malaria, and highlight ways that organizations and individuals can get involved in combating this preventable disease.
Themes Of The Summit
The Challenge Of Malaria In Africa. One child dies in Africa every 30 seconds from malaria. At least one million infants and children under five in sub-Saharan Africa die each year from the mosquito-borne disease. While this disease is one of the greatest threats to human and economic welfare on earth, malaria is both preventable and treatable if addressed properly and quickly.
The Power Of Public/Private Partnerships. The Summit will help educate the public about malaria and public and private efforts to control it, and jump-start an ambitious public-private effort, sending a message globally about the need for governments, NGOs, and corporations to come together to control malaria. Major multilateral institutions in the forefront of the effort to control malaria are also expected to attend, including UNICEF, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and others.
Growing The Grassroots. Under the leadership of Malaria No More, Americas corporations and foundations, nongovernmental and nonprofit organizations, individuals and Americas young people are being challenged to save lives and build a bridge between peoples. One American with just $10 can save a life in Africa. A school, a church, or a team can save a village. Together, Americans can help protect an entire continent.
For More Information On This Initiative, Please Visit: www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/malaria.
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Smart networks: coming soon to a home near you
Today’s post is from Rudolf Van der Berg of the OECD’s Science, Technology and Industry Directorate.
In 2017 a household with two teenagers will have 25 Internet connected devices. | Smart networks: coming soon to a home near you
Today’s post is from Rudolf Van der Berg of the OECD’s Science, Technology and Industry Directorate.
In 2017 a household with two teenagers will have 25 Internet connected devices. In 2022 this will rise to 50, compared with only 10 today. In households in the OECD alone there will be 14 billion connected devices, up from 1.7 billion today and this doesn’t take into account everything outside the household and outside the OECD. All this leads to the smart world discussed in a new OECD publication, Building Blocks of Smart Networks.
The OECD defines “smart” as: “An application or service able to learn from previous situations and to communicate the results of these situations to other devices and users. These devices and users can then change their behavior to best fit the situation. This means that information about situations needs to be generated transmitted, processed, correlated, interpreted, adapted, displayed in a meaningful manner and acted upon.”
Smart networks are the result of three trends coming together (and all being studied by the OECD). Machine to Machine communication means devices connected to the Internet (also known as the Internet of Things). This generates “Big Data” because all those devices will communicate and that data will be processed, stored and analyzed. And to enable the analysis, Cloud Computing will be necessary, because when entire business sectors go from no connectivity to full connectivity within a few years, they will need scalable computing that can accommodate double digit growth. Underlying these trends is the pervasive access to Internet connectivity.
New devices connected to the Internet may be invented, but you’ll see that the table only has everyday objects you may already have, but if you replace it in the coming years, the new version will be connected. (The ever-popular, but never seen in a shop near you, Internet connected fridge doesn’t make the list.) Connected lightbulbs may well be the Trojan horse of the smart home. Some companies estimate that connected lightbulbs will be the same price as normal lightbulbs five years from now. These lights will be able to dim and change color and fit in a regular socket. They can also serve as hubs, extending the communication network in the home to all devices.
Connecting machines and devices to telecommunications networks is nothing new. Even at the dawn of the Internet there were Internet connected coffee pots and coke-machines. It is the scale of the trend that forces us to pay more attention. Dutch company TomTom now has millions of GPS-navigation devices on the road, which have generated 5000 trillion data points. When systems need to be smart, the number of datapoints goes up. A dumb electricity meter can do with one reading per year. A smart meter needs a reading every 15 minutes for the electricity company, while for home automation a sampling frequency of once every 1 to 5 seconds is proposed, which could be a 31 million times increase over traditional datasets.
There are, however, challenges that need to be faced when introducing smart systems.
Human challenges. The way people interact with networks and systems may limit their use. For eHealth, smart systems can allow people to lead a normal life. However, a portable heart monitor that sends alarms every time it loses the signal or measures a false positive can have the opposite effect. Privacy and security concerns of users have prompted the Dutch parliament for example to change the rules for smart meters.
Lifecycle challenges. A car sho |
Read more: "Not so simple: Bugs that break all the rules"
The textbook bacterium has a thick wall and not much else to give it structure – but it turns out that protein skeletons and compartments are common
Complex cells like the ones | Read more: "Not so simple: Bugs that break all the rules"
The textbook bacterium has a thick wall and not much else to give it structure – but it turns out that protein skeletons and compartments are common
Complex cells like the ones that make our bodies can form all kinds of different shapes even though they are enclosed only by a soft membrane. The secret is their internal skeleton, or cytoskeleton, a scaffold that is continually adjusted by adding or taking away segments. It not only maintains a cell's shape, it even functions as a railway for transporting molecules around the cell and also ensures everything ends up in the right place when cells divide.
It was long assumed that bacteria, which are surrounded by a thick, rigid wall, have no need of such a sophisticated piece of kit. But in recent years it has emerged...
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POSTED BY Guest Blogger, ON May 10, 2013, Comments Off
Most of the time when I read about science and art in the newspaper, the story involves forensics and fakes. Now, I hold no gr | POSTED BY Guest Blogger, ON May 10, 2013, Comments Off
Most of the time when I read about science and art in the newspaper, the story involves forensics and fakes. Now, I hold no grudges to CSI (after all, they’re the ones who made science look riveting), but analyzing art is so much more than fake-busting.
For example, one thing we are always very interested in here at the museum is where things come from, or “provenance” in art-speak. Frequently, the museum’s records can easily show the path of ownership from the artist to the museum. But when that path is not so clear, curators determine provenance by combing through papers and archives: letters, diaries, photos, newspaper clips, exhibition reviews, catalogues, contracts etc. Nothing escapes their peering eyes. But in situations when archives might not hold the answer, we look to science.
The bronze sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (image below left)—which you can find surrounded by arresting works on paper in one of the galleries of Picasso and Chicago—has a rock-solid provenance. It was once part of the collection of Alfred Stieglitz, the famous pioneer of all things photography and champion of avant-garde art. He bought it directly from Ambroise Vollard, to whom Picasso had sold the plaster version and rights to cast.
But unlike Fernande, Jester (image above right) has a more fragmented paper trail. So where are these sculptures really from? Where were they made?
If you look closely at bronze sculptures of the period (But not too close! Or a guard may rightly offer a reprimand. Nobody wants nose-prints on their collection…) you will notice foundry marks like the ones below.
A bit like cowboys do with cattle in fact, the different Parisian foundries would imprint their names on the sculptures they cast. But not all the time. To complicate the situation further, unlike today when an artist may issue a limited numbered edition of his or her work, in the early 1900s dealers like Vollard would have a bronze cast made only when they had a definite client for it. And we don’t have good records of all these different casts for Picasso. Also, to complicate things even further, you have to take in account when the casting occurred. Sculptures that are cast later are less valuable than very early editions.
So what does the art detective do? Interrogate the sculptures themselves!
We first took a look at the materials and specifically the composition of bronze or brass. (Bronze is made primarily of copper, tin, and lead and brass is made of copper, zinc, and lead.) We used a portable elemental analyzer (or x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer ) to test the type and amount of these components on all the sculptures (68 total) we could get our hands on that were cast in Paris at the beginning of the 20th century. The good news is that, just like your aunt’s favorite brownie recipe, which she would not give away even if you bribed her, foundries had their secret mixtures that allowed the molten metal to flow better, produced fewer casting flaws, reduced the filing work after the cast, took up the patina better, etc.
This is good for us, because then the composition of the metal becomes the sculpture’s DNA that we can trace all the way down to the original foundry. And so we were able to rejoin Jester with his family of bronzes, some of which had a foundry mark of the firm Bingen and Constenoble (whose foundry mark is pictured below).
Flowers in a Vase, also in the exhibition, grouped very well with the lost wax casts of the Valsuani foundry, one that produced many other works by Picasso. And Fernande? She proudly remains isolated, with a unique alloy of which, to this very day, we have found no equals. Only more analysis on more sculptures will help us nail down the foundry that made it. In the meantime I am pleased that with the help of science we have finally rejoined the Jester with its own makers.
Believe it or not, the whole story is told in the graph below. Now, after a tale of molten metal sparks, industrial secrets, and the mystery of the missing stamps, who can say science is boring?
—Francesca Casadio, Andrew W. Mellon Senior Conservation Scientist
Pablo Picasso. Head of a Woman (Fernande), 1909. The Art Institute of Chicago, Alfred Stieglitz Collection. © 2013 Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
Pablo Picasso. Jester, 1905. The Art Institute of Chicago, Kate L. Brewster Collection. © 2013 Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
When the new Mary and Michael Jaharis Galleries of Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Art open to the public this Sunday, November 11th, visitors will have the opportunity to examine never before seen pieces alongside favorites from the collection. But even if you’ve seen some of these artworks before, they’ll look better than ever thanks to work recently done by the museum’s conservation team.
A special education section of the gallery will now feature a display that explains the conservation process for some of these works. This area will include a video detailing the different techniques used, as well as the process of conserving ancient art. In anticipation of the opening, check out these behind the sce |
"The Way of Gentle Flowing Power"
Jukido is a Japanese style of Jujitsu founded by Shihan Paul Arel in 1959. It is traditional in the sense that Jukido's techniques are drawn from many of the | "The Way of Gentle Flowing Power"
Jukido is a Japanese style of Jujitsu founded by Shihan Paul Arel in 1959. It is traditional in the sense that Jukido's techniques are drawn from many of the oldest Bugei ryu, as well numerous modern Budo styles. Jukido is based extensively on Sanzyuryu Jujitsu. The techniques of Kokondo Karate, Aikijitsu, Kodokan Judo, other jujitsu styles, as well as traditional kobudo are also included in the Jukido formula.
In Japan several hundred years ago the martial art used by the Samurai was Jujitsu. The Samurai's intent with the study of Jujitsu is obvious. The intent with the study of Jukido Jujitsu remains the same.
While many consider jujitsu to be an unarmed system of self defense, in actual fact the earliest form of the art and the most traditional modern forms include the practice of weapons systems. The system of Jukido includes: saijitsu, tonfajitsu, bojitsu, yawarajitsu, and jojitsu.
There are perhaps as many as 700 styles of jujitsu in existence. Each has its own designated name. Some of the more traditional styles are: Takenouchiryu, Sanzyuryu, Yamatoryu, Kitoryu, and a host of others. The techniques found in Jukido jujitsu were founded centuries ago. The system uses the process and standards (where not injurious to its practitioners) of training and teaching employed by the old masters. This places Jukido jujitsu among the most traditional and effective of the jujitsu systems. Very old ryu use an ancient "anatomy charting" method which loosely translates as "quartering". This system is an integral element of Jukido.
Jukido is a Jujitsu system designed for maximum efficiency which was born out of the necessity for practical and effective self-defense. The most effective techniques of the old Bushi (warrior) methods are incorporated systematically into Jukido. This Jujitsu system incorporates the most effective principals of Judo, Karate and certain weapons dynamics which makes Jukido truly one of the most versatile systems of self-defense in the world. The advanced techniques of Jukido Jujitsu incorporate specialized throws, nerve and pressure points.
The primary points of emphasis in Jukido training are Nage Waza (throws), Shime Waza (chokes), Kansetsu Waza (joint locks), Te Waza (hand techniques), Kyusho Jitsu (pressure points), Kobudo (traditional weapons), Ne Waza (ground work), Osae Waza (restraining), Renraku Waza (combinations), Ukemi Waza (falling techniques), and Za Waza (sitting techniques).
By training such a wide variety of techniques, the Jukidoka has many options for an appropriate response to any situation that may arise.
Kuzushi is a fundamental principle in Jukido. Setting and using Kuzushi is a vital component of all Nage Waza. When it is done correctly, a person is able to throw a much larger person. Kuzushi is the unbalancing of the opponent. This should be done both physically and mentally. From a mental perspective, when the attacker is unbalanced his attention will instinctively turn to regaining his balance. From a physical perspective, the attackers weight and body are in motion. This makes the execution of a throw require much less effort from the defender.
Tsukuri means to break balance. Once Kuzushi is set, the defender will enter for the throw. During the entrance the distance (maai) closes and a connection is established between the defender and the attacker. The breaking of balance (tsukuri) happens with the combination of this connection and the rotation of the defenders body.
Kake is the execution of the throw. The attacker is now positioned to be thrown. The defender will quarter the opponent at this point. This will take one quadrant of the attackers body and transfer it to another. On |
I am not a math wizard, so please keep your response simple enough. I need to complete a statistics screening exam for a methods course later on today, and I am hung up on one topic that came up during the practice test. The data | I am not a math wizard, so please keep your response simple enough. I need to complete a statistics screening exam for a methods course later on today, and I am hung up on one topic that came up during the practice test. The data set I got was in reference to the number of homicides that have occurred in a number of cities. The range of this data is 0-5. When I am putting together confidence intervals and calculating out as much as two standard deviations from the mean I am getting low values that are negative. Obviously you cannot have a negative number of homicides. When calculating the confidence intervals out to two standard deviations from the mean should I present the low value at ZERO or should I actually present the negative number? For example, if a 95% CI caused the calculation to be -1.5 to 3, would I present that or would I present 0 to 3? Thanks.
It appears unlikely to me that the question would require you to calculate two standard deviations of the data out from the mean - especially given that your data are unlikely to be even symmetric, much less normally distributed (since they are discrete). I see no interesting question that could really be answered by this calculation.
It appears more likely that you are asked to give a confidence interval for the mean. This also involves calculating the standard deviations of the data, but then you calculate the standard error of the mean from this standard deviation by dividing by the square of the sample size and finally construct the confidence interval based on the standard error. This confidence interval is therefore much less likely to go beneath zero (and if it did, you should indeed truncate at zero). Note that the sampling distribution of the mean will be roughly |
Healthy Young Children: A Manual for Programs (5th ed.)
Item #: 369
# of Pages:256
Subject: Health & Safety
Bestseller! Now in its fifth edition, Healthy Young Children has been used in hundreds of early | Healthy Young Children: A Manual for Programs (5th ed.)
Item #: 369
# of Pages:256
Subject: Health & Safety
Bestseller! Now in its fifth edition, Healthy Young Children has been used in hundreds of early childhood settings to promote the health, nutrition, and safety of children, staff members, and families. This edition contains a new chapter on promoting children’s health through physical activity. Also included are updated standards, procedures, and resources, including sample forms, letters, and checklists. This manual is an invaluable resource for program directors, consultants working with early childhood programs, teacher educators, professional development staff, and others concerned about keeping children and adults safe and healthy.
"Healthy Young Children: A Manual for Programs, Fifth Edition, based on the standards in Caring for Our Children, Third Edition, is the “go-to” resource for current, practical, evidenced-based health and safety information in early care and education settings."
— Linda Satkowiak, ND, RN, CNS, NCSN Healthy Child Care Colorado Coordinator, Qualistar Colorado |
The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: February 5, 2010
Electronics for a third-generation artificial retina
(Nanowerk News) Scientists and engineers at Lawrence Livermore National | The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: February 5, 2010
Electronics for a third-generation artificial retina
(Nanowerk News) Scientists and engineers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are now developing the electronics for a third-generation artificial retina as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) project to produce an “epiretinal prosthesis” that could restore vision to millions of people around the world suffering from eye diseases.
R&D Magazine chose the second generation artificial retina, Argus II, for a 2009 R&D 100 Award. R&D Magazine issues the R&D 100 Awards, also called the “Oscars of invention,” every year for the most innovative technologies in science. The Lawrence Livermore team received the award in November 2009.
The Lawrence Livermore team also was chosen as the R&D100 Editor’s Choice as one of the most ground breaking technologies.
The DOE artificial retina project brings together five national labs, four universities and a private company, with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory serving as the lead organization for the implantable artificial retinal system.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore are today using advanced polymer-based micro-fabrication methods to further develop a biocompatible microelectrode array for the third-generation artificial retina device.
The LLNL team contributes three major components to the artificial retina: the thin-film electrode array that contains the neural electrodes; the biocompatible electronics package that contains the electronics for stimulating the retina and wireless power and communications; and an ocular surgical tool that will enable the insertion, attachment, and re-insertion of the thin-film electrode array.
In addition, Lawrence Livermore is responsible for the system integration and assembly of these components and fabrication of the complete implantable artificial retina system.
Each artificial retina wafer created in the cleanroom at LLNL holds a dozen arrays.
“This project is a fine example of what multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional science teams can accomplish to address a major global health problem,” said principal investigator Satinderpall Pannu, leader of the Livermore group. “We’re very proud of the expanded role we at Livermore are playing in the development of this retinal prosthesis, which has the potential to improve the quality of life for so many people around the world.”
An artificial retina or “epiretinal prosthesis” has the potential to restore vision to millions of people suffering from eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration or those who are legally blind due to the loss of photoreceptor function. In many cases, the neural cells to which the photoreceptors are connected remain functional.
Dr. Mark Humayun, of the University of Southern California’s Doheny Eye Institute, demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the viable retinal cells can result in visual perception. These findings have sparked a worldwide effort to develop a retinal prosthesis device.
The R&D 100 Award has been given to the second-generation retinal prosthesis, which has been implanted in some 34 patients in the United States and Europe as part of clinical trials. The second-generation device represents a substantial performance improvement over the first-generation device in speed of recognition and resolution. Objects can now be recognized within 2-3 seconds instead of the previous 15, and the device’s 60 electrodes have improved image resolution over the 16-electrode prosthesis.
The prosthesis is now of sufficient resolution to allow recognition of doors, windows, edges, low-lying branches and a basketball backboard. The goal of the DOE project is to produce a prosthesis with more than 1,000 electrodes, which would allow facial recognition.
Expertise in biomedical microsystems at Lawrence Livermore’s Center for Nano- and Microtechnology was tapped to develop a “flexible microelectrode array,” able to conform to the curved shape of the retina, without damaging the delicate retinal tissue, and to integrate electronics developed by University of California at Santa Cruz. The device serves as the interface between an electronic imaging system and the human eye, directly stimulating neurons via thin film conducting traces and electroplated electrodes.
The artificial retina team was established through a Department of Energy-sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) in 2004.
Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
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As everyone knows (or ought to know), the Faery Folk love music and merrymaking, and best of all they like the music from instruments made of elder wood. Wood from the elder tree lends itself well to the making of wh | As everyone knows (or ought to know), the Faery Folk love music and merrymaking, and best of all they like the music from instruments made of elder wood. Wood from the elder tree lends itself well to the making of whistles, pipes, chanters and other musical instruments, as the branches contain a soft pithy core which is easily removed to create hollow pipes of a pale, hard, easily-polished wood. (Some of elder's many vernacular names include bour- or boretree). The most auspicious time to encounter faeries was under an elder bush on Midsummer's Eve, when the Faery King and Queen and their train could be seen passing. There are many references in folklore advising against sleeping under an elder and it has been suspected that the strong smell of elder leaves may have mildly narcotic influences.
In common with other trees with white blossom, such as hawthorn and rowan, the elder had strong associations with Faery- and Goddess-centred mythology. Like rowan, the elder was thought of as being a protective tree, and it was auspicious if it was growing near one's dwelling, especially if it had seeded itself there. If the rowan's place was traditionally at the front of the house, the elder's was at the back door, to keep evil spirits and other negative influences from entering the home. The aroma exuded by the elder's leaves has long been known to repel flies, so this folklore may have been borne out of the need to keep such insects, and the diseases that they carried, away from the kitchen and food. Bunches of leaves were hung by doorways, in livestock barns, and attached to horses' harnesses for the same reason. Elder was traditionally planted around dairies and it was thought to |
A comparison of the mating system and evolutionary dynamics of lemon sharks in the western Atlantic
DNA Punch from a Lemon Shark
Despite the fundamental importance of sharks as predators in marine ecosystems, there are very few data regarding mating systems, demographics, or population | A comparison of the mating system and evolutionary dynamics of lemon sharks in the western Atlantic
DNA Punch from a Lemon Shark
Despite the fundamental importance of sharks as predators in marine ecosystems, there are very few data regarding mating systems, demographics, or population structure of any elasmobranch species. Further, there is a complete lack of knowledge regarding the evolutionary dynamics of large marine vertebrates in the wild. Therefore, I am taking part in a collaborative research effort (McGill University; Natural History Field Museum, Chicago; Bimini Biological Field Station, Bahamas) that combines long-term field (mark-recapture and morphological information) and laboratory studies (DNA samples) to examine the mating system and evolutionary dynamics of the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris, at two tropical nursery lagoons in the western Atlantic. At our primary study site, Bimini, Bahamas, I will examine genetic data over 13 breeding seasons based on studies beginning in 1995. I will also consider nine years of data at an additional site, Marquesas Key, F |
Part III, Chapter X
Enterprise and Profit (continued)
The Salaried Manager
The typical form of business unit in the modern world is the corporation. Its most important characteristic is the combination of diffused ownership with concentrated control. In theory | Part III, Chapter X
Enterprise and Profit (continued)
The Salaried Manager
The typical form of business unit in the modern world is the corporation. Its most important characteristic is the combination of diffused ownership with concentrated control. In theory the organization is a representative democracy, of an indirect type. The owners elect directors whose main function is to choose the officials who are said actually to carry on the business of the company. The directors themselves, however, exercise real direction over the general policies of the corporation. Moreover, if it is a large enterprise, the executive officials chosen by the directors have only a general oversight over business policy, and their chief function in turn is to select subordinates who make most of the actual decisions involved in the control of the concern. And of course the process does not stop there; there may be many stages in the hierarchy of functionaries whose chief duties consist of choosing still other subordinates.
The first necessary step in understanding the distribution of control and responsibility in modern business is to grasp this fact: What we call "control" consists mainly of selecting some one else to do the "controlling." Business judgment is chiefly judgment of men. We know things by knowledge of men who know them and control things in the same indirect way. Nor can this conclusion be escaped, as there is some tendency to pretend, by distinguishing between judgment of ends and judgment of means. The only problems with which we have any concern are all problems of means. There is only one end, finally, to business activity, and this is already decided upon before the business is founded; that is, to make money. The decisions made by members of the business organization all relate to means, at whatever state of "generality" they may be taken; the difference between decisions as to general policy and operative detail is one of degree only, in which all degrees exist; it is an arbitrary distinction. Decisions as to ends in any proper sense are made only by consumers—persons outside the productive organization altogether.
These statements hold good in fact for all other departments of organized social activity as well as for business. They are even more true of political organization. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the political officeholder's business is to get the job and then find some one else to perform its duties. In the field of organization, the knowledge on which what we call responsible control depends is not knowledge of situations and problems and of means for effecting changes, but is knowledge of other men's knowledge of these things. So fundamental to our problem is this fact that human judgment of things has in an effective sense a "true value" which can be estimated more or less correctly by the man possessing it and by others—so fundamental is it for understanding the control of organized activity, that the problem of judging men's powers of judgment overshadows the problem of judging the facts of the situation to be dealt with. And if this is true of knowledge it is manifestly true of uncertainty. Under organized dealings with our environment, attention and interest shift from the errors in men's opinions of things to the errors in their opinions of men. Organized control of nature in a real sense depends less on the possibility of knowing nature than it does on the possibility of knowing the accuracy of other men's knowledge of nature, and their powers of using this knowledge.
The fundamental principle underlying organized activity is therefore the reduction of the uncertainty in individual judgments and decisions by grouping the decisions of a particular individual and estimating the proportion of successes and failures, or the average quality of his judgments as a group. It is an application of the broader principle of consolidation of |
Venturing Into Games
Games are among the oldest forms of entertainment in the world. In addition to sporting games, board games, and social games, newer kinds of video and computer-based games can be used to support meaningful learning in classrooms. In | Venturing Into Games
Games are among the oldest forms of entertainment in the world. In addition to sporting games, board games, and social games, newer kinds of video and computer-based games can be used to support meaningful learning in classrooms. In this brief section, we describe how different kinds of computer games can be used in classrooms.
Among the oldest forms of computer-based educational games are quiz games, where quizzes are embedded in a quiz show context. For example, Games2Train (http://www.games2train.com/games) produces a game maker called Pick-it! for teachers to construct quiz games. The game maker resembles the television quiz show Jeopardy, allowing game players to select topics and values and play against others. The degree of meaningfulness of the learning from these games depends on the nature of the responses that are required. More often than not, quiz games require only memorization performance. While memorization of domain content may be important, these games do not readily engage students in deeper-level, meaningful learning activities (e.g., application and synthesis).
More complex games, such as the different versions of Sid Meier’s Civilization (http://simcity.ea.com/), engage students in complex problem solving while trying to manage their civilization. Students can select different civilizations to explore, from Sumerians to the mystical Mayans. In the game, students can map the world using satellite images. They can form armies and attack other civilizations or forge alliances with them. They can choose the form of government they wish to impose on their civilization (e.g., fascism, feudalism, tribal council, or imperialism). They can also use a well-developed trade system to manage resources, trade routes, and the spread of technology. Civilization is obviously appropriate for social studies classes in which the teacher wants students to understand the political, military, social, cultural, and historical complexities of the world.
Games, especially complex, interactive games such as Civilization interactive, can engage learners in very meaningful learning. Gee (2003) has identified a number of principles that underlie modern game design that can teach us a lot about learning. We list some of them here.
© ______ 2008, Allyn & Bacon, an imprint of Pears |
Crowdsourcing is controversial. It takes a different shape in every context where it’s been used: marketing, advocacy, social networking, or crisis management. These projects set out to better understand crowdsourcing and how it can be applied in planning.
| Crowdsourcing is controversial. It takes a different shape in every context where it’s been used: marketing, advocacy, social networking, or crisis management. These projects set out to better understand crowdsourcing and how it can be applied in planning.
What is Crowdsourcing?
According to Wikipedia, arguably the most successful application of the term itself, crowdsourcing is the act of outsourcing, i.e. subcontracting, to the crowd[i]. This definition creates two new questions: what is crowdsourced and who is the crowd? The question of “what” changes depending on the example – ideas, raw data, deep knowledge, participation of others, help, answers to questions, or public opinion. The question of “who” is key to the quality and quantity of “what” is crowd sourced. If the “crowd” of interest is the public – how does one reach out to the public? If the “crowd” is a defined community or interest group – then is it still a crowd? These questions of “who” and “what” are particularly important when evaluating crowdsourcing as a method of population selection for a research study and are exactly why many people in the world have not accepted crowdsourcing as a legitimate tool.
The main question surrounding the legitimacy of crowdsourcing relate to concerns of motivation for participation – why has the crowd chosen to participate in this process? The issue of incentive and motivation is key with crowdsourcing as with any other participation method – such as town hall or community board meetings. Crowdsourcing presents an alternative opportunity where participation is not bound by time and location. Adovocating for a cause or advertising a deal are two examples where the incentive to participate is built into the content. Civic engagement presents more of a challenge – as the feedback loop, which rewards the participation is usually over a longer period of time. Or in the case of crisis response crowdsourcing, such as Ushahidi, the response and feedback may present itself in an indirect form or at a disjointed time, clouding the participants’ understanding that they were heard at all[ii].
So what can Crowdsourcing tell us?
Crowdsourcing can collect data, create community, solve problems, grow knowledge, help people in a crisis, or answer questions, depending on how it is used. The main issue identified by all of the student projects was that the context – i.e. the “who” and the “what” – directly translate to the quality and success of crowdsourcing as a process and tool. As with most processes or tools, the challenge is in the use or application of the tool – not the tool itself. The student projects determined that key factors for success include having active/engaged champions or leaders of the effort that the crowdsourcing is supporting, having a targeted community as a initial base group, focusing on simplifying the technology that the participants use, so as not to create barriers and incorporating rewarding feedback. |
EUROCLIO, the European Association for History Educators, propagates an approach to history education that smoothes out the ragged edges of nationalism and other ideologies, deconstructing historical myths and negative stereotypes and putting traditional enemy-images into | EUROCLIO, the European Association for History Educators, propagates an approach to history education that smoothes out the ragged edges of nationalism and other ideologies, deconstructing historical myths and negative stereotypes and putting traditional enemy-images into perspective.
By Joke van der Leeuw-Roord
Many academic theorists of history and history education have been writing about reconciliation through the learning and teaching of history. However there is little empirical information or insights into the practical applications and implementation of such approaches. In this contribution, I would like to have a closer look at EUROCLIO’s working methods in areas with internal political, ethic and religious tensions such as Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova, Rumania, Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey, and in countries and regions which have experienced recent violent conflicts such as Bosnia, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, the Republic of Macedonia and Serbia. I would then like to explore the question if the work of EUROCLIO could qualify as example for reconciliation through teaching history.
Educating young people is a responsible task of a society. History education has always been used to enhance the national sense of belonging of younger generations. In the late twentieth century, these aforementioned countries have demonstrated that historical interpretations of recent and distant events in the past still play important roles in the public and political debates, and easily fuel tension and conflict.
Directly after the fall of the Berlin Wall a group of history education professionals understood that it was time to have a common critical look at the traditional approach to school history, and to increase the innovative quality and sense of responsibility of history educators. They founded in 1993 EUROCLIO, the European Association for History Educators, with the mission to promote and support the development of innovative and responsible history education, whilst strengthening peace, stability and democracy. The Association propagates an approach to history education that smoothes out the ragged edges of nationalism and other ideologies, deconstructing historical myths and negative stereotypes and putting traditional enemy-images into perspective. It promotes the sound use of history education towards building and deepening of democratic societies and therefore tries to connect across boundaries of countries, ethnicities and religions. Over time, building on the practical work carried out within numerous projects, EUROCLIO has been able to define and constantly refine an innovative history education methodology, also applicable when addressing more difficult, sensitive and controversial issues.
In order to achieve its ambitions, EUROCLIO believes that school history demands responsible well-rounded professionals. It chose – as an independent civil society organisation – to work primarily with the professional group (namely teachers, teacher trainers and advisors and curriculum developers targeting on history, citizenship and heritage education). All the work of the Association is based on three pillars: intense professional capacity building, resulting in the development and implementation of innovative, class-room applicable teaching materials; national and trans-border networking and the creation or strengthening of sustainable and professional national, regional and local History Educators Associations in all European countries and beyond. These organisations act as multipliers of the EUROCLIO work on the national level.
EUROCLIO projects bring together history and citizenship educators across national, cultural and religious borders to explore the sometimes painful past in a safe environment, and through a professionally guided and closely monitored process. In creating a carefully designed methodology and a stable working environment, it has been possible to bring professionals representing different communities involved to gather and produce collaborative results. The exemplary teaching materials for history and citizenship classrooms are published in many languages such as Albanian, Bulgarian, Bosnian, Croatian, Estonian, Georgian, Macedonian, Latvian, Rumanian, Russian and Serbian and are important outcomes of such collaborative work. Generally the produced materials are very well-received by educators and students. External reviews and press coverage are mostly positive, although opponents, especially in Russia, have sometimes sounded alarm bells over the lack of patriotic attitudes of the authors (1).
Although these history text and resource books are used to this day as complementary materials by many, their predominantly function is in depth development of professional capacities. In all EUROCLIO projects in politically-sensitive contexts, and in particular those in the former Yugoslavia countries, participants managed to grow their own and genuine awareness of the innovation of history education and the supranational perspective. By fighting the instrumentalisation of history education for petty p |
Biomechanics Of Sitting Health And Social Care Essay
“Biomechanics utilizes the laws of Physics and the concepts of Engineering to describe the motion undergone by various body segments and the forces acting on these body parts during normal daily activities”. | Biomechanics Of Sitting Health And Social Care Essay
“Biomechanics utilizes the laws of Physics and the concepts of Engineering to describe the motion undergone by various body segments and the forces acting on these body parts during normal daily activities”. Biomechanics was defined by Frankel and Nordin in 1980(cited by Chaffin and Andresson, 1984). As Biomechanics relates to the muscles skeletal system, it can be applied to improve the work station of the occupants (occupational biomechanics). Anthropometry is the empirical science which attempts to define reliable physical measures of a person’s size or body dimension. Work station designs and almost human appliances are largely base on this data.
Figure 1: Sitting anthropometric dimensions
Definitions of sitting anthropometric dimensions displayed in above figure. (Chaffin and Andersson, 1984)
Sitting height: The vertical distance from the floor to the horizontal midsection of the back of the thigh of a subject sitting with the thigh in contact with the seat.
Elbow height: The vertical distance from the floor on the posterior tip of the olecranon when the arm is flex to 90o at the elbow and the shoulder is the 0 position. Can be measured from sitting height.
Thigh height: The vertical height from the floor to the highest part of the thigh. Can be measured from sitting height.
Patella height: The vertical distance from the floor to the superior tip of patella.
Orbital height (eye height): The vertical distance from the floor to orbit when sitting with the spine straight. Can be measured from sitting height.
Shoulder height: The vertical distance from the floor to the superior aspect of the acromion. Can be measured from sitting height.
Abdominal depth (buttock-abdomen): The sagittal distance from the anterior abdominal wall to the posterior part of the buttock.
External sitting depth (buttock-patella): The sagittal distance from the anterior aspect of the knee to the posterior part of the buttock.
Internal sitting depth (buttock-patella): The sagittal distance from the anterior aspect of the fold to the posterior aspect of the buttock.
Table 1: Vertical anthropometic measurement in sitting postures (Chaffin and Andersson, 1984)
When study about biomechanics not only need to know about human body but also need to know about the basic concepts in mechanics that should be known are Newton’s laws, force, buckling, moment and static equilibrium.
A force can move an object, prevent an object from moving and can deform its shape. Force has both magnitude and direction and it can be compressive, tensile or shear, depending on the direction of application.
Compressive force Tensile force Shear force
Figure 2: Examples of forces
Stable or balance seating is achieved if there is a balance of force and moment in all planes. For generally users, if they feel not comfortable with their seats they will stabilise themselves. In addition, the sitting postures are varied in different works such as work with desk, drive or work with computer.
According to the location of the centre of mass of the body, Schoberth (1962) characterised the sitting posture as three types: anterior, middle and posterior sitting posture (cited by Chaffin and Andresson, 1984). These postures differ with the location of the center of body mass, which affects the distribution of body weight placed on the spine and feet. Each posture can also be defined according to the shape of the lumbar spine.
Figure 3: Lateral view of the pelvis and cocyx (Foye, 2009). http:/emedicine.medscape.com/article/309486-media
Figure 4: Sitting posture
Figure 5: Rotation of pelvis and lumbar spine
Table 1: Characteristics of sitting posture (Zacharkow, 1988).
- Angle between the thigh and body is less than a right angle.
- CG in front of the ischial tuberosities.
- Forward rotation of the pelvis with lumbar spine straight or slight kyphosis
- Angle between the thigh and body is 90 degree.
- CG directly above the ischial tuberosities.
- The lumbar spine straight or slight lordosis
- Angle between the thigh and body is an obtuse a |
Avoiding Electrical Fires this Season
The Holidays are upon us and with the added lights and decorations there is often a shortage of available outlets. While it can be tempting and seem convenient, daisy chaining is a dangerous option that can lead to shock | Avoiding Electrical Fires this Season
The Holidays are upon us and with the added lights and decorations there is often a shortage of available outlets. While it can be tempting and seem convenient, daisy chaining is a dangerous option that can lead to shock or fire.
Why it is dangerous:
Extension cords are one of the top electrical fire causes and according to the CPSC, an estimated 3,300 residential fires originate from extension cords each year, killing and injuring over 300 people.
The Office of Compliance reports that daisy chaining is one of the most common violations found during safety inspections. The danger comes from improper use, overloading and short circuiting which can result in fire. Often the load of the devices is much greater than what the power strip or outlet can support.
Following these Safety Practices can reduce the risk for electrical fire in your home or office:
- Extension cords are meant for temporary use only, if a there is a permanent need, have additional outlets installed by a licensed electrician.
- Only use surge protectors that have circuit breakers or power strips with built in overload protection. Power strips without internal fuses are the equivalent of a regular extension cord.
- Check power strips and extension cords for nationally recognized testing lab certification and make sure the rating is for the same or higher number of watts used.
- Do not place against furniture, in hallways or under carpets.
- Do not plug more than one power strip or surge protector into the same outlet.
- Only use extension cords marked for ‘Outdoor Use’ outdoors and keep clear of standing water.
The holiday season is also peak season for home fires. For more tips on how to keep your home and office safe visit the National Fire Protection Association Website.Sources:
National Fire Protection Association – Top Causes of Electrical Fires Office of Compliance – Fast Facts; Power Strips Electrical Safety Foundation International - Power Strip and Surge Protector Safety Tips |
Step 1: Problem Finding literally consists of finding or anticipating problems and opportunities. The result is a continuous flow of new, present and future problems to solve, changes to deal with and capitalize on, and opportunities for improvement for the organization.
Step | Step 1: Problem Finding literally consists of finding or anticipating problems and opportunities. The result is a continuous flow of new, present and future problems to solve, changes to deal with and capitalize on, and opportunities for improvement for the organization.
Step 2: Fact Finding consists of deferring convergence and actively gathering information potentially related to a fuzzy situation, and then evaluating and selecting those facts most likely to be helpful in developing a set of fruitful, advantageous problem definitions in the next step.
Step 3: Problem Definition consists of first using divergence to convert the key facts the group selected into a wide variety of creative “how might we?” challenges, and then selecting one (or a few) which seem most advantageous to solve. This step is about making sure the group is asking the right questions and that it comes up with the best definitions of the problem.
Step 4: Idea Finding consists of deferring convergence while actively creating large number of potential solutions to the target problem definitions, and then converging smaller number of potentially good solutions for evaluation.
Step 5: Evaluation and Selection consists of open-mindedly generating a wide variety of criteria potentially useful for making an unbiased and accurate evaluation of the potential solutions, and then selecting and applying the most significant criteria to decide which possible solutions are the best to take forward towards implementation.
This stage recognises that problem solving does not end with the development of a good solution. Unless the solution is skilfully prepared for implementation, and it implementation skilfully executed, the problem solving will not have been successful. How to gain support for risking change, how to build commitment to plunge into unknown waters, how to tailor a solution for adaptation to specific circumstance, and how to follow-up to ensure permanent installation of the new change, is a significant, creative venture of its own.
Step 6: Action Planning involves thinking up specific action steps which will lead to a successful installation of the new solution.
Step 7: Gaining acceptance recognises that the best laid plans can be scuttled by resistance to the new changes involved. This step looks at the ways ownership in the solution can be generated, people can be shown that the solution benefits them, and potential problems caused by the solution can be minimized.
Step 8: Action Taking action recognizes that the actual doing of an action step is an integral part of the decision making and problem solving process, and not to be taken for granted. No matter how carefully thought out the specific steps in a plan of ac |
After stopping smoking, prevention and treatment of COPD exacerbations is one of the most important things you can do to help your lungs stay as healthy as possible. Being aware of changes in your lung disease symptoms is an important part of managing your illness | After stopping smoking, prevention and treatment of COPD exacerbations is one of the most important things you can do to help your lungs stay as healthy as possible. Being aware of changes in your lung disease symptoms is an important part of managing your illness. You can be symptomfree or symptom-stable for long periods of time. But then suddenly have breathing problems. These episodes or flare-ups of your lung disease are called “exacerbations.” These exacerbations may also be called “bronchitic flares.” They can lead to hospitalizations and can carry significant risks. Maintenance medicines can reduce the number of exacerbations. Aggressive treatment can help exacerbations. |
While technology has advanced significantly since the 1960's, the "Washington-Moscow Hotline" still remains a staple in communication. The "red phone" was the ever ready way for US Presidents to communicate with Soviet leaders, in wake | While technology has advanced significantly since the 1960's, the "Washington-Moscow Hotline" still remains a staple in communication. The "red phone" was the ever ready way for US Presidents to communicate with Soviet leaders, in wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Experts tell us, it still has additional uses.
"For a number of other uses, the nuclear reduction center, Voice communications between the White House and Russian President, and the Secretary of State and the Russian Foreign Minister," said former American Ambassador Jack Matlock.
The hotline was first established by the
"It's completely different from what it was 50 years ago. It's up to date, completely reliable, and it's not surprising that others in the world fearing nuclear disaster are trying to follow the steps," said former American Ambassador Dr. Ronald Sagdeev.
Communications technicians say the hotline and open communication between the
While cable was initially used for communications, by the late 1970's the hotline was switched over to satellite technology to enable the leaders of both countries to have important conversations. |
Although the common ancestor of birds and mammals lived over 280 million years ago, there are striking similarities in the cognitive abilities of members of the crow family (corvids) and primates; including tool manipulation, social reasoning and complex memory. | Although the common ancestor of birds and mammals lived over 280 million years ago, there are striking similarities in the cognitive abilities of members of the crow family (corvids) and primates; including tool manipulation, social reasoning and complex memory. Corvids are perhaps best known for their extraordinary feats of spatial memory. Clark’s nutcrackers, for example have been suggested to cache up to 33,000 seeds in thousands of different sites during a season, and to accurately recover a high percentage of those caches, even when critical features of the environment have changed, such as they are covered in snow (Balda & Kamil, 1992; Balda & Turek 1984; Vander Wall, 1982). There is more to the corvids, however, than just a sophisticated spatial memory. Folklore and legend, particularly in the Vikings and the North American Indians has long suggested that crows, magpies, rooks and ravens may be the most intelligent of birds (Savage, 1997) and recent research is beginning to investigate this long-held view in the laboratory.
In this chapter, I propose that corvids are not only amongst the most intelligent of birds, but that they may also rival the great apes in cognitive ability. I will review the evidence for this proposal in this chapter. By the end, I will conclude that corvids should perhaps be considered as ‘feathered’ apes. This proposal is, at first, a startling claim given that corvids have much smaller brains than the great apes, with the relative absence of cortical structures. This line of thinking has not been the result of deficits in great ape cognition in comparison to corvids, but rather to three points; the claim for ‘special status’ to the apes based on their evolutionary relationship to humans, a reluctance to embrace ecological validity in the design of primate experiments, and the relative lack of studies on avian cognition. |
1597 - Artemisia Gentileschi, born on the 8th of July in Rome, Italy, the daughter of Orazio Gentileschi. She was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters | 1597 - Artemisia Gentileschi, born on the 8th of July in Rome, Italy, the daughter of Orazio Gentileschi. She was an Italian Early Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation influenced by Caravaggio (Caravaggisti).
1612 - She studied under Agostino Tassi, her father's collaborator, who was convicted of raping the teen-age Artemisia.
1616 - She became the first woman admitted to the Academy of Design in Florence.
1638 - 1639 - She lived in Naples, but visited England and left a self-portrait at Hampton Court. Her chief work is ‘Judith and Holofernes’ in the Uffizi, Florence.
1638 - She visited England, where she was in great demand as a portraitist.
1653 - Died this year in Naples Italy.
Page last updated: 11:05am, 20 |
The moon is waxing. The morning stars are Neptune, Mercury and Uranus. The evening stars are Saturn, Mars, Jupiter and Venus.
Those born on this date are under the sign of Taurus. They include Oliver Cromwell, lord | The moon is waxing. The morning stars are Neptune, Mercury and Uranus. The evening stars are Saturn, Mars, Jupiter and Venus.
Those born on this date are under the sign of Taurus. They include Oliver Cromwell, lord protector of England, in 1599; Guglielmo Marconi, inventor of the radio telegraph, in 1874; U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Brennan in 1906; pioneer broadcast journalist Edward R. Murrow in 1908; singer Ella Fitzgerald in 1917; former Harlem Globetrotters basketball player George "Meadowlark" Lemon III in 1932 (age 80); composer Jerry Leiber in 1933 (age 79); actors Al Pacino in 1940 (age 72), Talia Shire in 1946 (age 66), Hank Azaria in 1964 (age 48), Renee Zellweger in 1969 (age 43) and Jason Lee in 1970 (age 42); sports broadcaster Joe Buck in 1969 (age 43); champion skier Anja Parson in 1981 (age 31).
On this date in history:
In 1507, German geographer and mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller published a book in which he named the newly discovered continent of the New World "America" after the man he mistakenly thought had discovered it, Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
In 1792, "La Marseillaise," composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, became the French national anthem.
In 1859, ground was broken for the Suez Canal at Port Said, Egypt.
In 1862, Union forces captured New Orleans during the Civil War.
In 1898, the U.S. Congress formally declared war on Spain in the battle over Cuba.
In 1901, New York became the first state to require license plates on automobiles.
In 1939, Batman was introduced in DC Comics' Detective Comics No. 27.
In 1945, delegates of 46 countries gathered in San Francisco to organize a permanent United Nations.
In 1967, the first law legalizing abortion in the United States was signed into law by Colorado Gov. John Arthur Love.
In 1982, Israel turned over the final third of the occupied Sinai Peninsula to Egypt under the Camp David peace agreement.
In 1990, Hubble Space Telescope was released into space by astronauts on the space shuttle Discovery.
Also in 1990, Violeta Chamorro assumed the Nicaraguan presidency, ending more than a decade of leftist Sandinista rule.
In 1991, the United States announced its first financial aid to Hanoi since the 1960s: $1 million to make artificial limbs for Vietnamese disabled during the war.
In 1993, an estimated 300,000 people took part in a gay rights march on the National Mall in Washington.
In 1994, the Japanese Diet elected Tsutomu Hata prime minister.
In 1995, regular season play by major league baseball teams got under way, the first official action since what was then the longest strike in sports history began in August 1994.
In 2000, Vermont approved a measure legalizing "civil unions" among same sex couples becoming the first state in the nation to give homosexual couples the same legal status as heterosexual married couples.
In 2001, the Japanese Diet elected Junichiro Koizumi, a former Health and Welfare minister, as the country's prime minister.
In 2005, the crash of a Japanese commuter train near Osaka killed more than 70 people and injured more than 300 others.
In 2006, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was greeted in Athens, Greece, by masked rioters throwing gasoline bombs and stones to protest her arrival.
In 2007, the Dow Jones industrial average closed at more than 13,000 for the first time.
Also in 2007, astronomers in Chile discovered a planet they described as the "most Earth-like planet outside our solar system." Researchers said that Gliese 581 C, 20.5 light-years from Earth, had temperatures similar to Earth's and could have water.
In 2008, job losses and price hikes sent U.S. consumer confidence spiraling to a reported 26-year low in April. Experts blamed the consumer uneasiness largely on the sustained loss of jobs.
In 2009, with nearly 70 people dead and 1,000 ill with swine flu in Mexico, officials in the United States took extra precautions against the disease.
Also in 2009, Bea Arthur, who went from high-profile supporting roles on Broadway to stardom in groundbreaking TV sitcoms "Maude" and "The Golden Girls," died in Los Angeles. She was 86.
In 2010, Iran launched missiles in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz in the closing phase of its war games.
Also in 2010, Austrian President Heinz Fischer was re-elected in a landslide for a second six-year term.
In 2011, nearly 800 classified U.S. military documents leaked by WikiLeaks revealed details about the alleged terrorist activities of al-Qaida operatives held at |
If n and k are positive integers, is n divisible by 6?
(1) n = k(k + 1)(k - 1)
(2) k – 1 is a multiple of 3
Please explain your answer | If n and k are positive integers, is n divisible by 6?
(1) n = k(k + 1)(k - 1)
(2) k – 1 is a multiple of 3
Please explain your answer.
My answer would be A.
Since n = product of 3 consecutive numbers, it will be divisible by 3. We should also remember that 0 is also a multiple of 6. For eg : if k = 1,
n = 1*2*0 => n = 0 which IS divisible by 6.
I hope I am right. "0 is divisible by any number" right?
GMAT offended me. Now, its my turn!
Will do anything for Kudos! Please feel free to give one. |
The F1 engineers work tirelessly to invent technology which can increase the speed of a car and make it more efficient but can they also help manage the air traffic? If you talk about Team McLaren, the answer is yes.
The technology this team uses | The F1 engineers work tirelessly to invent technology which can increase the speed of a car and make it more efficient but can they also help manage the air traffic? If you talk about Team McLaren, the answer is yes.
The technology this team uses for co-ordination during the all crucial
pit-stop during a race, is now being used by British Airport Association (BAA) for hassle free and speedy landing and take-off at Heathrow, one of the busiest airports in the world.
There are quite a similarities between the work that F1 engineers do when car comes in the pit lane and an aircraft arriving and leaving from an airport, like refueling the vehicle, offloading passengers and changing tyres.
McLaren uses software called Marple which helps them track the race circuit and its traffic. The technology helps them make the strategic decision of zeroing in on the best time to get the car in the pit-lane and resend it to the track with minimum of timing involved and importantly without much tra |
A CREEPING straggling plant sufficiently known. The stalks are a yard or two long, thick, but spread upon the ground, angulated and hairy. The leaves are broad deeply indented, and very rough, and of a | A CREEPING straggling plant sufficiently known. The stalks are a yard or two long, thick, but spread upon the ground, angulated and hairy. The leaves are broad deeply indented, and very rough, and of a bluish green colour; the flowers are large and yellow. The fruit is long and thick; the seeds are used in medicine, and the fruit should be suffered to stand till very ripe before they are gathered. They are cooling and diuretic, good against stranguries, and all disorders of the urinary passages; the best way of giving them is beat up to an emulsion with barley water.
The Family Herbal, 1812, was written by John Hill. |
NEW JERSEY'S DEER HERD TESTS NEGATIVE FOR
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
(04/44) TRENTON- Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) Commissioner Bradley M.
Camp | NEW JERSEY'S DEER HERD TESTS NEGATIVE FOR
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
(04/44) TRENTON- Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) Commissioner Bradley M.
Campbell today announced that DEP found no evidence of Chronic
Wasting Disease (CWD) in white-tailed deer tested for CWD
during the 2003 - 2004 hunting season.
In addition, tests conducted on 1,500 deer
between 1998 and 2004 failed to detect the disease.
"Ongoing testing for CWD consistently
shows no evidence of disease in New Jersey's deer,"
said Campbell. "Although it is critical that we continue
to closely monitor the health of the deer population, I
am encouraged that New Jersey's deer herd now appears free
of chronic wasting disease."
In April 2003, a private deer herder with
preserves in South Hardyston and Sparta in Sussex County
illegally imported wild deer from Wisconsin, where CWD had
been diagnosed in captive and free ranging deer. In response,
DEP ordered the quarantine of all deer, elk and sheep on
the two hunting preserves.
DEP coordinated the testing of the imported
deer as well as fifty-one hunter-killed deer in the surrounding
communities of White Township in Warren County and Franklin
and Hardyston townships in Sussex County. DEP also oversaw
the testing of deer from Atlantic, Morris and Ocean Counties
that displayed CWD symptoms as well as three elk from a
captive herd of 130 animals in Kingwood Township, Hunterdon
County that had sustained losses. All of the deer tested
negative for CWD.
Scientists within the DEP Office of Wildlife
Health and Forensics selected the check stations, trained
staff to collect samples, dissected and preserved the samples
and sent them to a laboratory for examination. In addition,
DEP notified hunters who allowed samples to be taken from
their deer and requested notification of the test results.
Scientists believe that CWD is caused by
an abnormally shaped, infectious protein called a prion.
CWD causes fatal damage to the brain and central nervous
system of mule deer, rocky mountain elk and white-tailed
deer. Symptoms include loss of body condition and altered
behavior. However, the disease can only be effectively diagnosed
through examination of a portion of the brain. Extensive
studies demonstrate no association between human neurological
disease and CWD. |
The Census Bureau just informed us that in 2010, we had 46.2 million people living in poverty—the highest number since 1959, when the census began keeping track of economic status. The figure is up.8 percent ( | The Census Bureau just informed us that in 2010, we had 46.2 million people living in poverty—the highest number since 1959, when the census began keeping track of economic status. The figure is up.8 percent (14.3 percent to 15.1 percent) from 2009, and represents almost one-sixth of Americans
The new statistics have especially disturbing implications for young people. Last spring, says the census report, 5.9 million people from 25 to 34 years of age were living with their parents. They "had an official poverty rate of 8.4 percent," says the report, "but if their poverty status were determined using their own income, 45.3 percent had an income below the poverty threshold for a single person under age 65." Poverty these days is defined as $22, 314 for a family of four, $11,344 for an individual under age 65.
The issue of poverty is related to the issue of health insurance in two ways: first, because those who are poor are less likely to have health insurance, and second, because those who don't have health insurance often incur costs that make them poor, or poorer, if they become seriously ill. The Census Bureau says the number of Americans without health insurance was up to 49.9 million last year; that's 16.3 percent of us, up from 16.1 percent in 2009. The reason: fewer people had coverage provided by employers.
There's one bit of good news on the health insurance front, however, and it concerns the young: the percentage of uninsured people between 18 and 24 fell from 29.3 to 27.2, though no other age group posted a decrease.
Experts say the reason more young people now have insurance is likely the Obama health care reform provision that allows parents to keep their children on the family plan until they're 26. Before, many insurers dropped children from family plans when they reached the age of 19 or when they graduated from college.
It's possible to be poor and lead a long, healthy life, but people who manage to do that don't make up the statistical majority. In general, there's a connection between income—not necessarily affluence—and life expectancy.
According to the American Journal of Public Health, in 2000, 133,000 Americans died of various causes related to poverty, including lack of health insurance (and poor nutrition, lack of money to move away from poor environmental conditions, and other poverty-related factors). A 2009 Harvard study found that 45,000 people die in the U.S. each year for lack of health insurance. |
Apheresis platelet donation
There’s always a crying need for blood. But today there’s an even greater need for a specific component of blood: platelets. Platelets are very fragile, short lived blood cells that must be transfused | Apheresis platelet donation
There’s always a crying need for blood. But today there’s an even greater need for a specific component of blood: platelets. Platelets are very fragile, short lived blood cells that must be transfused to a patient within five days after donation. The most effective way for us to collect this vital blood component is through a special process called apheresis.
Put simply, apheresis separates blood platelets from whole blood. A separator automatically removes the platelets from your donation and returns the rest of your blood to you.
Platelets are the blood cells that help stop bleeding. Platelet donation helps patients undergoing treatment for cancer, open-heart surgery, blood disorders, and organ transplants. For these patients, transfusion can mean the difference between life and death. Quite often, these patients are very small children.
Traditionally, the only way to collect enough platelets for a single transfu¬sion was to take blood from approxi¬mately six donors, then separate the platelets from other blood cells by using a centrifuge.
Today, through apheresis, blood cell separators can collect enough platelets for a transfusion from a single donor. This prevents the patient from being exposed to more than one donor and reduces adverse reactions for the patient.
This donation procedure is simple, safe and sterile. All supplies used for platelet donations are new and sterile and used only once. After your donation, these supplies are destroyed.
Since there is an excess supply of platelets in the blood, many of them can be donated with no ill effect. The body replenishes its supply of platelets quickly, so they are always plentiful. The loss is made up within a few days. Usually, a donor can donate platelets as frequently as every 72 hours or donate platelets 14 days after a whole blood donation.
Platelet donors should refrain from aspirin, products containing aspirin and other anti-inflammatory medication for 72 hours before their next platelet donation, and ibuprofen 24 hours before donation.
Unlike whole blood donation, the average apheresis platelet donation takes about one to two hours because of the time required to separate and collect the platelets from the other blood components. We realize that’s a lot to ask, but you will be giving someone a lifetime.
To make things as pleasant as possible, you can choose from a large selection of DVDs to watch, enjoy cable TV or even read a book during your donation. After your donation enjoy refreshments on us.
Remember, just as with normal blood donations, there is absolutely no risk of contracting any type of disease as a result of apheresis donation.
To schedule your lifesaving platelet donation, please contact our telerecruitment department at 1 (888) 902-5663 ext. 2673 or by visiting our website at www.msblood.com.
By donating apheresis platelets you are helping Mississippi Blood Services in supplying the more than 9,600 components needed annually, reducing the risk associated with multiple donors and giving a second chance to a patient in need of this life-saving resource.
Posted on 10/7/2010
Read More News |
In gratitude to the many readers who have sent in pointers to this item, and in ongoing appreciation of the living national treasure that is Randall Munroe of xkcd, and as a little pre-Superbowl feature, here is a look | In gratitude to the many readers who have sent in pointers to this item, and in ongoing appreciation of the living national treasure that is Randall Munroe of xkcd, and as a little pre-Superbowl feature, here is a look at Munroe's latest "What If?" feature. In this installment, "Interplanetary Cessna," he asks how a small aircraft would fare on different bodies in and around the solar system. Sample visual aid:
Sample explanations, based on flight-simulator experiments:
The Sun: This works about as well as you'd imagine. If the plane is released close enough to the Sun to feel its atmosphere at all, it's vaporized in less than a second....
Jupiter: Our Cessna can't fly on Jupiter; the gravity is just too strong.... Starting from a friendly sea-level pressure, we'd accelerate through the tumbling winds into a 275 m/s (600 mph) downward glide deeper and deeper through the layers of ammonia ice and water ice until we and the aircraft were crushed. There's no surface to hit; Jupiter transitions smoothly from gas to solid as you sink deeper and deeper....
Uranus: Uranus is a strange, uniform bluish orb. There are high winds and it's bitterly cold. It's the friendliest of the gas giants to our Cessna, and you could probably fly for a little while. But given that it seems to be an almost completely featureless planet, why would you want to?
Neptune: If you're going to fly around one of the ice giants, Neptune (Motto: "The Slightly Bluer One") is probably a better choice than Uranus. It at least has some clouds to look at before you freeze to death or break apart from the turbulence.
(And, yes, I know -- except that in most of these places the atmosphere is too thin for the parachute to do any good. Still. Congrats and thanks to Munroe and his readers.) |
A lot of the change that comes about through processes like psychotherapy (or even just reading a self-help article or book and trying to put those ideas into effect in your life) requires forming new habits. Habits of thinking differently, of reacting | A lot of the change that comes about through processes like psychotherapy (or even just reading a self-help article or book and trying to put those ideas into effect in your life) requires forming new habits. Habits of thinking differently, of reacting differently, of behaving differently. And it can be a frustrating process as you wait for these changes to take effect and become more automatic, as habits do.
How long does it take to form a new habit? A week? A month? A year?
At least 2 months (or about 66 days, on average), according to the research.
Jeremy Dean over at PsyBlog the other week wrote a great entry that looked at what the research tells us about how long it takes us to form a new habit:
Although the average was 66 days, there was marked variation in how long habits took to form, anywhere from 18 days up to 254 days in the habits examined in this study. As you’d imagine, drinking a daily glass of water became automatic very quickly but doing 50 sit-ups before breakfast required more dedication (above, dotted lines). The researchers also noted that:
- Missing a single day did not reduce the chance of forming a habit.
- A sub-group took much longer than the others to form their habits, perhaps suggesting some people are ‘habit-resistant’.
- Other types of habits may well take much longer.
So 66 days later, a simple habit might be in place and on automatic pilot. But as the research shows, it could as long as 8 and a half months for more complicated habits to take hold.
Read the full entry: How Long to Form a Habit?.
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Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 7 Oct 2009
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
Grohol, J. (2009). Need to Form a New Habit? 66 Days. Psych Central. Retrieved on December 10, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/10/07/need-to-form-a-new-habit-66-days/ |
Scientists working to make exact chemical copies of fossil fuels from living microbes say they have scored a major victory in the lab. Merging genes from the camphor tree, soil- and gut-dwelling bacteria, and a microorganism that | Scientists working to make exact chemical copies of fossil fuels from living microbes say they have scored a major victory in the lab. Merging genes from the camphor tree, soil- and gut-dwelling bacteria, and a microorganism that is lethal to insects, researchers have produced molecular replicas of petroleum-based fuels.
The team, composed of researchers from Exeter University in the United Kingdom and Shell, engineered the DNA of E. coli, a bacterium commonly found in the gut of mammals, to alter how it metabolizes its food so that it excretes the fossil-fuel replicas.
The new fuel doesn’t need to be heavily processed after it’s produced to work in combustion engines, says study coauthor John Love. It could be a solution that bypasses a major hurdle for conventional biofuels, which are not fully compatible with vehicles already out on the road.
“Modern engines are not suited to using these biofuels without major modifications and/or loss of performance,” Love, an associate professor of plant and industrial biotechnology at the |
Pittsburgh’s many hills aren’t kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue, which famously climbs at a nearly 40-degree angle. As a result, some residents avoid biking | Pittsburgh’s many hills aren’t kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue, which famously climbs at a nearly 40-degree angle. As a result, some residents avoid biking altogether.
But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll, 23, and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city’s pedal power: An electric bike called a Pulse PEVO. A superstrong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedaling, it zips up the city’s most daunting hills. Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.
If it sounds like Toll has a knack for fixing problems, that’s because he does. In high school, he designed a new type of construction beam, one made out of foam. It weighs no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster. For his work, Toll was invited to attend the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair — twice, in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is a program of Society for Science & the Public (that’s the parent organization of Science News for Kids). Toll says that when it comes to science, he keeps it simple: “You see a problem and say, ‘How could I solve that?’”
He’s not the only one to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities. When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that may benefit their community, “a passion is ignited,” says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Intel Foundation, which sponsors Intel ISEF. “Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students’ future success,” she says.
News as inspiration
Students can find inspiration for their research almost anywhere. Newspapers, magazines and even TV are good places to start. Toll, for instance, decided to engineer a new way to build homes for refugees after seeing TV reports about families displaced by violence in Afghanistan.
Michelle Lee, 18, a recent graduate of North Allegheny Senior High School in Wexford, Pa., looked a little closer to home. In the eighth grade, she read a tragic story in a national newspaper about several high school wrestlers who died from a skin infection caused by the bacterium known as MRSA. The initials are short for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Standard antibiotics, such as methicillin, often won’t kill this germ. Herself a competitive athlete (in high school, Lee played tennis and rowed on a crew team), she was very concerned for her classmates. “I wanted to see how we could prevent MRSA,” she says.
It’s important to do your homework before taking on a science project, the young woman says. So she read more news stories — and scientific papers, too. Along the way, she learned that these bacteria spread easily from person to person through direct contact or contaminated surfaces, such as wrestling mats.
After getting to know the disease, Lee used math to answer a question: Under what conditions would it make sense for schools to test every single one of their athletes for MRSA? She calculated that such screenings should be performed when about 1 i |
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Called Metaglip, the drug was approved for use both as an initial therapy for people whose diabetes cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone and as a second-line therapy for those whose diabetes cannot be controlled by taking either a sulfonylurea or metformin alone in addition to diet and exercise.
Bristol-Myers Squibb, the drug's manufacturer, says clinical trials showed Metaglip to be more effective in lowering blood-glucose levels than either glipizide or metformin alone.
The company cautions that, in rare cases, Metaglip may cause lactic acidosis (a buildup of lactic acid in the blood), which is a serious—and potentially fatal—condition that occurs mainly in individuals whose kidneys are not functioning properly. Alcohol use also can contribute to lactic acidosis.
Those who should not take Metaglip include people with kidney problems; those who are 80 or older (unless their kidneys have been tested); those who are taking medication for heart failure; and people who are seriously dehydrated, have a serious infection or have had liver disease.
Diabetes Health is the essential resource for people living with diabetes- both newly diagnosed and experienced as well as the professionals who care for them. We provide balanced expert news and information on living healthfully with diabetes. Each issue includes cutting-edge editorial coverage of new products, research, treatment options, and meaningful lifestyle issues. |
|Title||The Picture alphabet, designed for the instruction and amusement of all the little gentry in the kingdom (pp.6-7) |
|Publication Date||1813 |
|Image Production Process||Relief prints--woodcuts|
| |Title||The Picture alphabet, designed for the instruction and amusement of all the little gentry in the kingdom (pp.6-7) |
|Publication Date||1813 |
|Image Production Process||Relief prints--woodcuts|
|Notes||Illustrated with uncolored woodcuts.|
Printed on title page: Beverley: Printed and sold by M. Turner, and G. Turner, Hull. Price One Penny - 1813.
A chapbook with illustrated verse for each letter of the alphabet that provides moral instruction and also offers a rather bleak outlook on the world.
Depicts the end of the "Alphabet in easy verse" from the proceeding page which quotes "Govern your thoughts by wisdom's rule; Hate knavish tricks, nor play at school." Page 7 illustrates the letter A for Angel.
Bibles and religious works
|Digital Collection||Children's Historical Literature Collection |
|Digital ID Number||CHL1171 |
|Repository||University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections Division |
|Repository Collection||Children's Historical Literature Collection |
|Physical Description||30 p.: illustrated; 10 x 16.5 cm. |
|Digital Reproduction Information||Scanned from original book at 400-600 dpi in TIFF format using a ScanMaker 6800, resized and enhanced using Adobe Photoshop, and imported as JPEG2000 using Contentdm's software JPEG2000 Extension. 2009. | |
The Ecological Democratic Party (German: Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei, ÖDP) is an environmentalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by former members of the German Green Party. The | The Ecological Democratic Party (German: Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei, ÖDP) is an environmentalist political party in Germany. It was founded in 1982 by former members of the German Green Party. The ÖDP combines issues which are not often found together: a focus on state financial support for families and childrearing, and a belief in the right to life (that is, opposition to abortion, euthanasia and the death penalty). The latter positions and the differences listed below – have led some, including political scientist Joachim Raschke, to characterize the party as "conservative," but the party feels that all these positions are a consistent response to injustice. In most of those issues which it emphasizes, such as the environment and trade, it is similar to the Green party. It differs from the Green party by being less supportive of immigration and restrictions on state powers in criminal justice issues, not focusing on gay and lesbian rights, and having a differing view of feminism.
It was one of the earliest supporters (since 1989) of a Green tax shift, an idea which later gained broader support and has been partially implemented in Germany since the SPD and Greens were elected to form the government in 1998.
Though a very small party – it has not gained seats in a state parliament or in the national parliament – the ÖDP became notable for its involvement in the opposition to a Czech nuclear reactor in Temelin, across the border from Bavaria. It led an initiative for a popular referendum to abolish the Bavarian Senate (that state's upper house) which was successful. It brought suit against a law in North Rhine-Westphalia which requires parties to receive 5% of the vote in order to take their seats, as well as a national law which reserves state financing only for parties that got more than one percent of the vote in at least three state electio |
TAX COMMISSION. PROPERTY TAX DIVISION
Agency History #816
The Tax Commission (#1146) established two main departments shortly after its creation by legislative act in 1931. One of these departments was Property Tax.
The mission of | TAX COMMISSION. PROPERTY TAX DIVISION
Agency History #816
The Tax Commission (#1146) established two main departments shortly after its creation by legislative act in 1931. One of these departments was Property Tax.
The mission of the Property Tax Division is "to insure that property assessment and taxation is accurately and equitably administered throughout the state through management of a locally administered, Tax Commission-directed property tax system."
From the beginning, the Property Tax division has been responsible for the oversight of local assessment and appraisal of property for which the Commission has sole jurisdiction.
The division handles the direct assessment of mines and utilities, which expanded through the growth of such companies to mean natural resources (e.g., mines, oil, gas) and large companies with multistate or multicounty operations (e.g., utilities, airlines, motor and rail carriers). This assessed value is then allocated to the various counties.
The division is also responsible for the training, assistance, and general supervision of county assessors and other local property tax administrators, ensuring accurate and equitable assessment of real and personal property by reviewing local assessment practices. Since 1953, as legislated, this last has included reappraisal of all real and personal property in the state on a regular shedule.
The Property Tax division is administered by a director hired by the Executive Director (Administration Division #1198) of the Tax Commission who in turn is appointed by the Tax Commission, a constitutional body composed of four commissioners appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate. One of the commissioners is also assigned to work with the Property Tax Division, although the Commission at large is responsible for all tax matters.
In 1931 the Property Tax Department was directly under the Commission. In the early years, the work of the Commission was highly integrated and its departments loosely organized. The organization was referred to interchangeably as the Property Tax Division. By 1940, the Property Tax Department included the Engineering Department responsible for uniform assessment. This department split into a separate division by 1942, but was moved back into the Property Tax Department by 1950. By 1954, the Property Tax Department contained two main sections: the property tax division and the property reappraisal division. A third section, the land specialist, was added briefly around 1956.
By 1969, the Property Tax Division included sections for Local Property Tax and State Property Tax, each with its own assistant director. These sections began splitting into separate divisions beginning with Local Property around 1970. By 1974, there were three main divisions dealing with property taxation: the State Assessed Property Division, the Local Valuations Division, and the Personal Property Division (separated from Local Valuation in fiscal year 1971-1972).
However, these divisions were reunited in 1983 following recommendations made by the Committee on Executive Reorganization. The reorganized division once again had a single director with one of the commissioners having property tax as his area of responsibility. In 1984, the Tax Commission appointed their first Executive Director; the Property Tax Division director was moved under him rather than being directly under the Commission. There were three sections within the Property Tax Division: Valuation, Central Assessment, and Research & Administration each headed by an assistant director. In 1987, the Property Tax Division reorganized its resources creating two primary sections--local services and centrally assessed property.
The terms "division" and "department" are used interchangeably in tax commission publications. In the late 1960s, Property Tax was also referred to by some as the "Ad Valorem Division."
Sybil Hopkins, ca. 1942-1945
Albert Eccles, ca. 1949
Elliot Kimball, ca. 1953
Max Kerr, ca. 1958-ca. 1973
Max Kerr, State Assessed ca. 1974-ca. 1979
Arthur L. Partridge, Local Valuations 1971-1979
James V. Kesler, Personal Property, ca. 1974-ca. 1982
Robert H. Cooper, State Assessed 1979-ca. 1983
Douglas L. Holmberg, Local Valuations, 1980-ca. 1982
Joseph Dunlop, Local Valuation, ca. 1982-ca. 1983
Robert Stringham, Personal Property, ca. 1982-ca. 1983
J. Mike Monson, Property Tax, 1983-
COMPILED BY: A.C. Cone, September 1993
Administrative Rules. Utah Administrative Code, 1967, 1987, (Series 83623)
Information Technology Services. Telephone directories, 1934-1993, (Series 5790)
Legislature. Laws of Utah, 1930-1993, (Series 83155)
Legislature. Utah Code Annotated, 1933-1953, (Series 83238)
Property Tax Division. Talk by Max H. Kerr, Director, 1967.
Secretary of State. Compiled Digest of Administrative Reports, 1958-1966.
Secretary of State. Public Documents, 1930-1956, (Series 240)
Tax Commission. Annual Reports, (Series 2336) |
Writing and reading xml files
- Creating and Writing into XML files
- Reading XML files
in this part 2 of my tutorial we will study on how to read what is inside the xml files, we are still going to use the project | Writing and reading xml files
- Creating and Writing into XML files
- Reading XML files
in this part 2 of my tutorial we will study on how to read what is inside the xml files, we are still going to use the project that we've created at the part I. In the first part we use the form load event to create a xml file and at the same time write something into it. In this tutorial we will be using the button1 click event.
Double click the button1 in design view. You should see something like this
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click End Sub
Inside that subroutine paste this code
'check if file myxml.xml is existing If (IO.File.Exists("MyXML.xml")) Then 'create a new xmltextreader object 'this is the object that we will loop and will be used to read the xml file Dim document As XmlReader = New XmlTextReader("MyXML.xml") 'loop through the xml file While (document.Read()) Dim type = document.NodeType 'if node type was element If (type = XmlNodeType.Element) Then 'if the loop found a <FirstName> tag If (document.Name = "FirstName") Then TextBox1.Text = document.ReadInnerXml.ToString() End If 'if the loop found a <LastName tag If (document.Name = "LastName") Then TextBox2.Text = document.ReadInnerXml.ToString() End If End If End While Else MessageBox.Show("The filename you selected was not found.") End If
explanations are inside the code above and commented it's easy to follow right?
This kind of technique was useful because you can use it to store your settings, connectionstrings for database connection, save username/password for textbox "Remember me" something like that? you can simply read and write into it if ever you want to change the settings, you can just open the xml file whenever and wherever you want without opening the source code of the program. I will be attaching the complete program below. Feel free to download it and make some discovery and experiments
xmlPractice.zip 73.31KB 1016 downloads |
page, genealogy main page, 19th Century literature index
Barnstable county excerpts from
A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts
Numerous Illustrations on Wood and Steel.
the Rev. Elias Nason, M.A.
| page, genealogy main page, 19th Century literature index
Barnstable county excerpts from
A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts
Numerous Illustrations on Wood and Steel.
the Rev. Elias Nason, M.A.
Boston: B. B. Russell. 1874
Barnstable county, Barnstable, Brewster, Chatham, Dennis, missing
Harwich, Mashpee, Orleans, Provincetown,
Sandwich, Truro, Wellfleet, Yarmouth
was incorporated June 2, 1685 ; and was probably named from Barnstable,
a seaport-town in Devonshire, Eng. It embraces the whole of Cape Cod,
together with several contiguous islands. In form it resembles the
human arm bent inward at the elbow and wrist, and enclosing Cape-Cod
Bay upon the north. The eastern and the southern shores are washed by
the ocean ; the western, by the waters of Buzzard's Bay; and the county
of Plymouth forms, for about 5 miles, the north-western boundary. It
extends in length about 65 miles, and has an average breadth of about 5
miles. The Cape-Cod Railroad passes centrally through it, and
terminates at Provincetown.
geological formation is drift and alluvium, in which extensive meadows
of peat occur. Bowlders are numerous upon the surface, which consists
of sandy knolls, plains, and marshes. There are no rivers of
importance; but, in place of them, many large and beautiful ponds
diversify the scenery. The principal timber-growth is oak and
yellow-pine. Extensive tracts of land have recently been planted with
the seed of the last-mentioned tree; and beautiful young pine-groves
are now observed in almost every part of the Cape.
population numbers 32,774; and the valuation of the county, May 1,
1872, amounted to $15,269,520. The number of dwelling-houses was 6,805;
of horses, 2,435; of cows, 3,621; of sheep, 740. The number of public
schools was 176, of which 9 were high schools.
county has four representative districts, and is entitled to eight
representatives : it is also, in connection with Dukes and Nantucket
County, entitled to the choice of two senators.
the 14 towns, Barnstable is the most populous and important. It
is the seat of justice, and contains a commodious court-house and other
county-buildings. The records of the courts and of deeds, from the
separation of the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies down to
September, 1827, were all burnt in a conflagration which destroyed the
building containing the county offices : this was separate from the
then Court House, which is now remodelled into a church for the Second
Baptist Society. There were burnt, at that time, ninety folio volumes
of the record of deeds, and several of the court-records. The people of
this county are mostly engaged in sea and shore fisheries and other
maritime pursuits, and are noted for their hardihood, industry, daring
deeds, and sturdy patriotism.
Barnstable extends across
Cape Cod, from shore to shore, and has Yarmouth on the east, and
Mashpee and Sandwich on the west. It is the shire-town of Barnstable
County; 73 miles, by the Cape-Cod Railroad, south-east of Boston; and
has 202 farms, 879 dwelling-houses, and 4,793 inhabitants, residing
mostly in seven postal villages, which — beginning at the north-west,
and proceeding eastward, and then around the town — are named as
follows: West Barnstable, Barnstable, Hyannis, Centreville, Osterville,
Cotuit Port, and Marston's Mills. Hyannis is accommodated with a branch
railroad connecting with the Cape-Cod Railroad at Yarmouth Port. A
narrow peninsula, called Sandy Neck, extends from the north-west corner
of the town several miles easterly, and forms the harbor, which admits
vessels drawing seven or eight feet of water. Bordering on the harbor
are the great salt-marshes, from which many tons of hay are annually
cut. Hyannis Harbor, on the southern side of the Cape, is protected by
a breakwater, and admits the largest coasting-vessels. Cotuit Harbor is
formed by Oyster Island and a peninsula projecting from the south-west
corner of the town. A range of low hills, or knolls, somewhat rocky,
extends from Sandwich, parallel with and near the coast, as far as
Yarmouth, presenting beautiful views of the landscape from sea to sea.
South of this line of hills the land is level, and covered to a
great extent with a growth of oak and yellow-pine. The scenery is,
however, varied by a large number of fresh-water ponds, of which Great
Pond —: of 750 acres, near the centre of the town — is the most
celebrated. From several ponds in the western section of the town a
stream proceeds southerly, |
Reporting Natalie Nyhus
MINNEAPOLIS (WCCO) — Nearly 2 million Americans have celiac disease and should avoid eating gluten, a new study finds.
However, as little as a decade ago, virtually no one in | Reporting Natalie Nyhus
MINNEAPOLIS (WCCO) — Nearly 2 million Americans have celiac disease and should avoid eating gluten, a new study finds.
However, as little as a decade ago, virtually no one in the U.S. seemed to have a problem eating the protein that’s found in bread and other foods.
Does the national uptick in people eating gluten-free foods suggest a celiac disease epidemic? Or are people unnecessarily turning to the diet as a food fad?
According to a new study from the Mayo Clinic, it may be both.
The study found most people with celiac disease don’t know they have it, and many people eating gluten-free don’t have celiac disease.
Celiac disease is a condition that damages the lining of the small intestine when a person eats gluten found in wheat, barley, rye or some oats. It prevents the intestine from absorbing necessary nutrients.
Dr. Joseph Murray of the Mayo Clinic found that Celiac disease is increasing, and it is four times more common now than it was 50 years ago.
“More people are aware of it because there’s more testing. But there’s also been a dramatic increase in people who have the disease. It must be something environmental,” said Murray. “What that factor is that could drive celiac disease isn’t clear. But we know for celiac disease you have to eat wheat, barely or rye. The prime suspect is — has something changed with regard to wheat?”
Right now, about 1.8 million Americans have been diagnosed with celiac disease, but about 1.4 million people may not be aware they even have it. On the flip side, about 1.6 million people in the U.S. are on a gluten-free diet even though they haven’t been diagnosed with celiac disease.
Why does Murray think people who don’t have celiac disease are eating gluten free?
“While we didn’t examine that in this study, experience suggests that people try gluten free for many reasons. Some people feel better. Other people think they will lose weight,” he said.
Murray said that eating gluten free doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll lose weight. He suspects that those eating gluten-free who don’t have celiac disease are most likely just eating less in general.
As to whether it’s harmful to eat gluten free if you don’t have celiac disease, Murray says you may miss out on certain vitamins and things like fiber, which you need. It takes more work to get a nutritionally complete diet if you’re skipping foods with gluten. |
Water in nutrition is more essential than food itself.
Water is an essential part of blood, lymph, bodily excretions as well as every part of every cell in the body.
In body more than half the weight is water. Fluids, | Water in nutrition is more essential than food itself.
Water is an essential part of blood, lymph, bodily excretions as well as every part of every cell in the body.
In body more than half the weight is water. Fluids, it is necessary for the functioning of every organ and a body and is a structural part of cells for its flexibility.
When cells lose the water they lose their shape.
It plays an important role in digestion and absorption as well as circulation and is essential in the regulation of body temperature, lubrication of joints and the movement of waste material.
Water is the carrier of nutrients through the body, an essential part even to overcome the pimples, as teenagers are looking for the option!
Water keeps moisture in helps indirectly skin looking good.
Unless restricted, drink plenty!
smile life! Enjoy. |
Brain damage post cardiac arrest is a problem that seems to be at least somewhat effectively ameliorated by cooling the body of the patient as soon as possible to around 91°F (33°C). Current commercial systems are intended to be used by param | Brain damage post cardiac arrest is a problem that seems to be at least somewhat effectively ameliorated by cooling the body of the patient as soon as possible to around 91°F (33°C). Current commercial systems are intended to be used by paramedics or clinical staff in the ER (see ThermoSuit and Arctic Sun for examples), but cooling patients as early as possible and bringing this technology to more places may help more people survive with better outcomes.
Researchers at Hohenstein Institute in Boennigheim, Germany have developed a vest that, once put on a patient can deliver rapid cooling. The system depends on a zeolite cartridge that releases its contents into the volume of water inside the vest, cooling it through adsorption and so the patient. The researchers believe that this type of devices will one day come as part of AED packs, allowing bystanders that managed to keep the person alive deliver an even greater level of care without any previous training.
Filed under: Uncategorized |
|1. Description - |
|Principles of landscape design process. Application of residential site analysis, program development, and landscape design theory to one or more residential scale projects. Project planning and budgeting. Landscape designer, client, and green | |1. Description - |
|Principles of landscape design process. Application of residential site analysis, program development, and landscape design theory to one or more residential scale projects. Project planning and budgeting. Landscape designer, client, and green industry professional interactions. This course is intended for students in the horticulture program but members of the public and professional community are invited to enroll.|
|Advisory: HORT 40 & 60B.|
|2. Course Objectives - |
|The student will be able to: |
- exhibit an understanding of the principles of landscape design process through one or more residential design projects.
- describe methodology for development of programs for residential landscapes.
- prepare a project timeline and budget.
- complete one or more conceptual landscape design plans.
- understand the cross-cultural nature of landscape design.
|3. Special Facilities and/or Equipment - |
|Design laboratory with multimedia projection system. Students provide drafting supplies and equipment as necessary to complete projects. Needs vary by student. Typical materials include vellum, tracing paper, drafting pencils, pencil sharpener, eraser, erasing shield, drafting tape, T-square, parallel glider, architect's and engineer's scales, triangles (30/60 and 45), circle template, drafting brush, and drafting surface. |
|4. Course Content (Body of knowledge) - |
- Landscape design process
- Review landscape design theory
- Review basic elements of design
- Review form development theory
- Residential landscape design project planning
- Project timeline
- Preparation of proposal
- Application of budget
- Residential site analysis and program development
- Site inventory and information gathering
- Program development
- Exploration of spatial, functional, and design element relationships
- Conceptual landscape plan
- Design package development (conceptual plan, elevations, sample boards, etc.)
- Design standards
- Project presentation
- Interacting with clients and green industry professionals
- Cross-cultural applications of landscape design process
|5. Repeatability - Moved to header area.|
|6. Methods of Evaluation - |
- Participation in class activities
- Weekly exercises
- Final project
|7. Representative Text(s) - |
|Booth, Norman and Hiss, James, Residential Landscape Architecture: Design Process for the Private Residence, 4 ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 2007. |
|8. Disciplines - |
|Environmental Horticulture & Design |
|9. Method of Instruction - |
- Oral presentations
- Field Trips.
|10. Lab Content - |
- Landscape design program lab: Working with an actual site and real clients, students will develop a program for a landscape design.
- Site inventory and analysis lab: For this site, students will perform a site inventory and site analysis. Each student will then create drawings for presentation to the clients summarizing these findings.
- Schematic design lab: Students will practice the creation of a rough schematic design of the site with feedback from the instructor.
- Illustrative plan development lab: In class creation and evaluation of an illustrative plan to be presented to the client.
- On-site meetings with client(s) and final presentation: One or more on-site meetings with the client will take place. At the end of the quarter each student will make a presentation to the client of their Illustrative Plan and share their design ideas for the site.
|11. Honors Description - No longer used. Integrated into main description section.|
|12. Types and/or Examples of Required Reading, Writing and Outside of Class Assignments - |
- Readi |
The Famous Planes
The fighting forces of the Second World War were each dependent of another. Without each branch of service, the war would not have been won by any side. Whether or not it was the Allied air-war victory that "b | The Famous Planes
The fighting forces of the Second World War were each dependent of another. Without each branch of service, the war would not have been won by any side. Whether or not it was the Allied air-war victory that "broke the camel's back" could never be known, but the air forces were significant contributors to the winning of the war. The air forces of each country had more destructive force than any other branch of service, and were what broke the will of the country's core fighting force; the people.
The topic of "famous aircraft of WWII" is hotly debated. There are many aspects that one can argue that causes this conflict. Some argue that "this plane had a deeper impact on the war" or "this plane was produced more" or "this plane is better known." Each argument for a specific aspect has credit, and should not be dismissed. The truth is, there is no right answer. The Famous Planes section will cover fighters, bombers, and one important transport aircraft of the Allies and Axis air warriors. Selections are based on performance, production numbers, kill ratesm and impact on the war.
North American P-51 Mustang
Largely known as the "most famous plane of WWII," the Mustang was a symbol of American airpower. It was a formidable adversary to the German fighters that had been shooting down RAF and other USAAF planes repeatedly. First fitted with the Allison engine, the Mustang's performance was mediocre. When tests with the Rolls Royce Merlin 68 engine were first done, the USAAF was so impressed that it went into large-scale production almost immediately. Versions were sent to Allied air forces across the globe. Fame was earned with the Mustang's ability to fly the bomber escort role successfully, despite the long distances across Germany and the Pacific. The P-51 Mustang remained in service with the USAF until 1957.
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt
A rugged aircraft, the Thunderbolt was excellent at ground attack and bomber escort. Weighing in at nearly 7 tons with thick armor plating and a heavily-armored engine, the P-47 could withstand massive damage from Axis anti-aircraft guns. It was also useful in dog fighting, but was most famous for its ground attack capabilities. The addition of drop-tanks could enable it to escort the bombers all the away to Berlin and back, but by the end of the war, most of the Allied air force's had switched to using the P-51 Mustang.
Lockheed P-38 Lightning
A top of the line fighter, the P-38 outperformed its original expectations when it was first released into combat in 1939. The P-38 was the first successful twin-engine fighter, and it amazingly out powered its enemies in the skies over Europe and the Pacific. While mostly used in the PTO, it played a large role over Europe too. The absence of a propeller in the nose cone gave the Lightning an advantage. More guns could be placed in the nose, and modifications of the plane were fitted with devices such as reconnaissance cameras, and nose-mounted radar. A P-38 squadron was also responsible for the famous mission that shot down the plane carrying Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto (the Japanese admiral that commanded the attack on Pearl Harbor). Top American ace Major Richard Bong scored his 40 kills flying P-38s in the Pacific.
Mjr. Richard Ira Bong, by his P-38
Vought F4U Corsair
Probably the second-most famous PTO fighter next to the Lightning, the Corsair was very useful against Japanese "Zero" fighters. At first deemed unsuitable by the Navy for carrier operations, the Corsair was quick to prove the Navy wrong. Modifications were made and it was soon the best single-engine fighter the Navy owned. Performance was excellent and the pilots loved them. This aircraft was vital to the Allied victory in the Pacific.
The pride and power of the Royal Air Force, the Spitfire led Britain through the Second World War with gallant victories. Its superb performance never faltered. With the help of aircraft designers and many improvements, it was able to keep up with the best of the German fighters, and it was well equipped defend its nation. At first designed with less than adequate armament, the Spitfire was quickly modified and became the perfect aircraft. It was a favorite among many, and not just the pilots. The fighter was the "jewel of the people," and symbolized Britain's refusal to give up, and their unending strength.
The Hurricane's claim to fame was the Battle of Britain. Before Hitler's attack on Britain, Hawker had been designing the Hurricane for the RAF. Hawker had anticipated the need for more aircraft for the war once they had finished testing, and that lucky guess gave the RAF enough aircraft to fight in the Battle of Britain. The Hurricane fought well against the Bf109's and Fw190's. Many pilots actually favored the Hurricane over the mighty Spitfire, for it had engraved its reputation into the hearts of the pilots. The Hurricane was continued for use as a bomber escort and interceptor throughout WWII.
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
Acknowledged as one of the most famous aircraft of aviation history, the B-17 Flying Fortress first rolled into the world as the Model 299, produced by Boeing. After many versions, successes, and failures, the B-17G "Flying Fortress" was the most famous bomber of WWII. Although it often overshadowed its counterpart in fame, the B-24 Liberator, the Fortress was definitely worthy of the selection by the USAAF to be the primary bomber of the war.
The "Fortress" was most hon |
A colour input device such as a video camera has a similar set of sensors to cones. These respond to different wavelengths with different strengths. Essentially, a video camera is a digital device, based around an array of such sensors, and a clock that | A colour input device such as a video camera has a similar set of sensors to cones. These respond to different wavelengths with different strengths. Essentially, a video camera is a digital device, based around an array of such sensors, and a clock that sweeps across them the same way that the electron gun in the back of a TV or computer display is scanned back and forth, and up and down, to refresh the light emission from the dots on the screen. So, for a single, still frame, a scan produces an array of reports of intensity, one element for each point in the back of the camera. For a system with 3 colour sensor types, you get an array of triples, values of intensity of light of each of the sensors at being a real. This is then converted into an analog signal for normal analog recording. Some devices are emerging where the values can be directly input to a computer rather than converted to analog, and then have to be converted to digital again by an expensive frame grabber or video card. Given the range of intensities the human eye can perceive isn't huge, they are usually stored digitally in a small number of bits - most usually 8 per colour - hence a ``true'' colour display has 24 bits, 8 bits each for R, G and B. RGB is the most commonly used computing colour model. CMY is just - [RGB], and vice, versa. [0,0,0] is black, and [255,255,255] is white. |
The act of voting can be a confusing process, but understanding how people vote has been defined and shared by a guest lecturer.
Zlatan Krizan, associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University, discussed the reality of voting predictability in | The act of voting can be a confusing process, but understanding how people vote has been defined and shared by a guest lecturer.
Zlatan Krizan, associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University, discussed the reality of voting predictability in his talked titled, “Wishful Thinking in Political Elections,” on Oct. 18.
Many can honestly say that they vote the way their family and friends vote. According to Krizen, as humans, we surround ourselves with like-minded people.
“Voting, today, is ultimately social behavior,” Krizan said. “It’s not some sort of isolated incident, it requires people. Voting and who you vote is driven by learned behaviors and social beliefs.”
Another behavior Krizen noticed about voters was the fact that they “are never dispassionate about the future.”
“We always have ideas of what will make a better or worse future,” Krizen said. “So when we predict things, we have an idea of where we want the future to go.”
Hitting on the titled subject of “wishful thinking,” Krizen touches on how correlation does not always equal causation in voting.
“While it is an absolute fact that there is a link between preference and expectation, preferences are not indicative of expectation,” Krizen said.
Krizen worked with the 2010 California marijuana legalization initiative, which initially failed, to measure the correlation between expectation and level of knowledge.
While polling before the November vote, the number of supporters expecting the law to pass was higher than those against the law.
However, as time closed in on the deadline, those against the legalization of marijuana maintained their expectation of the measure failing, while those who supported the measure started to lower their expectation for the measure passing.
“If you want to find an agreement between those in favor and those who are opposed, basically those who are in favor and have higher knowledge eventually become pretty neutral. And those who are against and have lower knowledge ended up in the same place,” Krizen said.
Krizen also determined the most change in support happens during the month of October, prior to the voting deadline.
It is during this time, when polls see a switch from high support to having doubt towards their stance.
“What we see over and over again is that for expectations, we think things are going to go our way, even when they really won’t,” Krizen said.
Krizen’s work has proven that campaigns really do matter. While they don’t necessarily change the minds of voters, it increases expectations.
Kaylyn Peterson / Managing editor
Kaylyn Peterson can be reached at [email protected]. |
Fighting breast cancer
More than 180,000 American women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Among notable victims are Carly Simon, Suzanne Somers, Gloria Steinem, Sandra Day O'Connor, Julia Child and Olivia Newton-John. | Fighting breast cancer
More than 180,000 American women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Among notable victims are Carly Simon, Suzanne Somers, Gloria Steinem, Sandra Day O'Connor, Julia Child and Olivia Newton-John. But you don't have to be one of them. There are several cancer-prevention actions you can take beginning today to reduce your personal risk, says a feature in the October Glamour.
Start by eating a low-fat diet high in colorful fruits and vegetables. Keep your weight within a healthy range, and exercise four times a week to keep your estrogen levels constant. It's also important to cut back on your alcohol intake, which causes estrogen to circulate in the blood longer. The story also talks about the importance of mammograms as well as some newer options for breast-cancer detection, including ultrasound, digital mammograms, magnetic resonance imaging and ductal lavage (which looks for atypical cells in milk ducts).
Women under age 45 who survive breast cancer are a small minority, and because of that this group gets little attention when it comes to research dollars and support groups. Yet the form of breast cancer that strikes them usually is the more aggressive type. A group of young survivors is working to change that situation through its Young Survivor Coalition Web site, www.youngsurvival.org. The site helps put young women with breast cancer in touch with one another, serves as an information source and works to advocate early detection.
Women around the world
Have you ever wondered how the health of American women compares with that of women around the world? The September issue of the Ladies' Home Journal shares some interesting statistics.
For example, Japanese women live the longest, an average age of 83 years, while women in Sierra Leone (in western Africa) average just 39 years. By comparison, women in America live to be about 80 on average. And although women make up 47 percent of the 34.7 million adults worldwide with HIV/AIDS, 20 percent of the afflicted people in the U. S. are women.
Sources of hepatitis C
If you don't abuse drugs intravenously, you probably think you never have to worry about the hepatitis C virus, which kills about 10,000 Americans annually. But you can be exposed to infected blood in other ways, as explained in a feature in the September issue of Bottom Line Health.
Dr. Robert G. Gish, associate clinical professor of medicine at the University of California School of Medicine, says you may be at risk if you receive manicures or pedicures with unsterilized equipment or if you get electrolysis or your ears pierced at places that reuse needles.
Should you have concerns that you have been exposed, ask your doctor to test you. Or you can opt for a mail-in home test ($70), which provides anonymous results by phone. The test, called Hepatitis C Check, can be found at drugstores or be obtained by contacting Home Access Health, 888-888-4372 or www.homeaccess.com. |
Birth: Jasper More was baptized August 8, 1613, a reputed son of Samuel
and Katherine (More) More.
Death: He died the winter of 1620/1.
Ship: Mayflower, 1620
| Birth: Jasper More was baptized August 8, 1613, a reputed son of Samuel
and Katherine (More) More.
Death: He died the winter of 1620/1.
Ship: Mayflower, 1620
Life in England: Jasper was one of four children, two sons and two
daughters, born to Katherine More. In 1616, Katherine’s husband accused his wife
of long-term adultery with Jacob Blakeway, maintaining that some, if not all, of
the children were actually Blakeway’s. After a separation and lengthy divorce
proceedings, the four children were brought to London.There they were placed
under the care of John Carver and Robert Cushma |
“I don’t think that art, if it’s isolated and specialized, can really create culture. It needs a cult.” – Ernst Fuchs
Ernst Fuchs is a man of many talents; he’s taken turns as a painter, drafts | “I don’t think that art, if it’s isolated and specialized, can really create culture. It needs a cult.” – Ernst Fuchs
Ernst Fuchs is a man of many talents; he’s taken turns as a painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, architect, stage designer, composer, poet and singer. Born in 1930 and still working today in Vienna, Fuchs is a strong proponent of fantastic and often disturbing art that’s all over the map, thematically and stylistically.
Left: David and Bathshebah. Right: Ernst Fuchs.
Some of Fuchs’ paintings make him look like a deeply religious man, others make it seem like he’s a total heathen. There are the hyper-detailed, religious-themed, Durer-inspired etchings and brush drawings: my favorite of these is Satan’s Heaven, created in 1954, along with Christ Before Pilate and Ahasverus Repudiates Vasthi. Not since Bosch has religion looked so satisfyingly demonic! Parallel to the his tormenting depictions of the Bible, there are many mythological themes: his Procreation of the Unicorn/Temptation of the Unicorn/Triumph of the Unicorn series is not to be missed; unicorn chaser it’s not!
The Christian and Judaic themes in Fuchs’ work come from a very deep place. His father, Maximilian, was the son of an Orthodox Jewish family and had turned down a career as a Rabbi, leaving his theological studies uncompleted. His mother, Leopoldine, was Christian. When the Nazis occupied Austria in 1938, his father emigrated to Shanghai and Nazi legislation made it illegal for Leopoldine to raise her son alone. Fuchs was deported to a camp for mixed-race children. When this happened, his mother agreed to a formal divorce, which saved Ernst Fuchs from the extermination camp. He was baptised in 1942, an event that would have huge impact on his life and work.
Christ Before Pilate
One of the most interesting aspects of Fuchs’ work, to me, is the range of his feminine portrayal. He’s captured female body horror in his painting A Woman’s Reflection in a Row of Houses so well it makes my stomach turn, yet he can turn around a paint set of clean, pretty Mucha-like images, followed by a sophisticated fetishistic sculpture called Sphinx III that looks like a Michael Manning drawing come to life.
Like Vrubel and Beksi?ski, Fuchs is not that well-known in America. Accordi |
Domain and Range of Functions
Date: 03/20/2003 at 20:35:32 From: Jimmy Neutron Subject: Domain and range I am learning in school about the domain and range of functions. Why are they called | Domain and Range of Functions
Date: 03/20/2003 at 20:35:32 From: Jimmy Neutron Subject: Domain and range I am learning in school about the domain and range of functions. Why are they called domain and range? And where did they come from?
Date: 03/20/2003 at 23:37:05 From: Doctor Peterson Subject: Re: Domain and range Hi, Jimmy. "Domain" and "range" are just two different words for "how far something extends"; specifically, a king's domain is the territory he co |
• Short[expr] prints as a short form of expr, less than about one line long.
• Short[expr, n] prints as a form of expr about n lines long.
gives a "skeleton form" of expr
| • Short[expr] prints as a short form of expr, less than about one line long.
• Short[expr, n] prints as a form of expr about n lines long.
gives a "skeleton form" of expr
, with omitted sequences of k
elements indicated by k
• In StandardForm
, the characters used for this output are \[LeftSkeleton]
• Omitted sequences of elements are printed as Skeleton
• Short prints long strings in skeleton form.
• The number of lines specified need not be an integer.
• Short acts as a "wrapper", which affects printing, but not evaluation.
• Trying to feed k
as obtained from Short
back as input to Mathematica
will generate an error.
• Short is used to limit the length of output in standard Mathematica warning and other messages.
• New in Version 1; modified in 3. |
Answer, provided by Michael Lowe, D.P.M., Past President, American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine
Q: How do I know when a shoe is worn and needs replacement for the athlete?
A: The athletic shoe of today is engineered | Answer, provided by Michael Lowe, D.P.M., Past President, American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine
Q: How do I know when a shoe is worn and needs replacement for the athlete?
A: The athletic shoe of today is engineered primarily around e.v.a. or polyurethane mid-sole material. This is the material that will wear out first in all of the current running, court (tennis, volleyball, and basketball), and walking shoes.
The outer sole material is made with a hard carbon fiber, which is very abrasion resistant. The mid-sole material is a compressible, shock absorbing, protecting device, which after a certain amount of compressions will not rebound. When this material loses its rebounding protection, it then becomes much less shock absorbing, and even worse, can create an alignm |
26 March 2013
An ingredient used for decades in cough syrup, and to treat a variety of conditions, could hold the key to improving memory, language, and learning in people with Down syndrome.
In the first trial of its kind targeting | 26 March 2013
An ingredient used for decades in cough syrup, and to treat a variety of conditions, could hold the key to improving memory, language, and learning in people with Down syndrome.
In the first trial of its kind targeting cognitive impairment in people with Down syndrome, researchers at Monash University are currently investigating the effectiveness of the ingredient, known as BTD-001, and its potential to significantly improve the quality of life of people with Down syndrome - the most common genetic form of intellectual disability affecting six million people worldwide.
Principal Investigator, Director of the Centre for Developmental Disability Health Victoria, Associate Professor Bob Davis, said early scientific evidence into the drug’s ability to improve the cognitive function of people with Down syndrome was promising.
“Although it’s too soon to draw any conclusions, we’re hopeful this trial and the continued development of the drug could lead to a product that can improve the cognitive abilities, and ultimately the quality of life of people with Down syndrome,” Associate Professor Davis said.
“With further development, we hope this could provide a path to improving some of the difficulties those living with Down syndrome may have, such as the ability to learn at school, to become self reliant, to get a job or to manage their own finances.
“To date management has tended to focus on treating the physical complications of Down syndrome, but we now have a better understanding of the science underlying how Down syndrome impacts brain function to cause cognitive disability.”
The clinical study is based on recent research at Stanford University which first uncovered the strong potential of BTD-001 to improve reasoning, memory and learning capabilities of people with Down syndrome.
Associate Professor Davis and his team are currently trialling a new lower dose formulation of the drug, which was discovered in the 1920s, and later used in cough syrup, as well as a respiratory stimulant to treat a wide variety of conditions including dementia until the 1980s. The drug is still used in cough syrup for children in parts of the world.
Associate Professor Davis and researchers are working with people with Down syndrome aged between 13 and 35. They hope to recruit participants from Adelaide, Brisbane, Launceston, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and Woolongong to take part in the trial.
Development of this product is supported by the USA Government through the National Institute of Health and US based company Balance Therapeutics and its subsidiary based in Melbourne, Australia.
Those wanting to participate should call 1300 659 729 or the study sites listed on compose21.com. |
The following words relate to telephone numbering, and may appear in WTNG:
An area code is used within many nations to route calls to a particular
city, region or special service. Depending on the nation or region, it
may also be | The following words relate to telephone numbering, and may appear in WTNG:
An area code is used within many nations to route calls to a particular
city, region or special service. Depending on the nation or region, it
may also be referred to as a numbering plan area, subscriber
trunk dialling code, national destination code or routing
A country code is used to reach the particular telephone system
for each nation or special service.
The World Zone is the first digit of a country code. This generally
corresponds to a global region, but some country codes are an exception
(e.g. +299 Greenland is not in Africa, but there was not enough room
in Europe's two World Zones at the time Greenland's country code was
originally assigned). Special international services such as freephone or
satellite telephone have country code assignments under World Zones 8 and 9.
closed numbering plan
A closed numbering plan refers to a telephone numbering scheme
that has a fixed number of digits, not counting special service codes.
Th |
Four-ball is a carom billiards game. The game is played on a pocketless table with four balls, usually one light red, one dark red, and two whites (or just two reds and two whites). Each player is assigned | Four-ball is a carom billiards game. The game is played on a pocketless table with four balls, usually one light red, one dark red, and two whites (or just two reds and two whites). Each player is assigned one of the white balls as his own cue ball. A point is scored when a shooter caroms on any two other balls. Two points are scored when the player caroms on each of the three other balls.
A variant of four-ball is the East Asian game yotsudama (四つ球?, Japanese for "four balls") or sagu (사구, Korean for "four balls"). The game is played with two red object balls, one white cue ball and one yellow cue ball (or sometimes both cue balls are white, one having a red spot). Each of the two players is assigned his or her own cue ball. A point is scored when the shooter caroms on both red balls. The shooter is penalized a point for failure to carom on either red ball or if the shooter causes his cue ball to carom off the opponent's cue ball. Thus, the shooter must avoid any carom or kiss off of the opponent's ball while striving to carom on the two red object balls. A carom on only one red ball results in no points but ends the shooter's inning.
There are a few variations between the Korean and the Japanese variants. In the Korean version, the cue ball is placed beside one of the red object balls for the opening shot, and game commences by hitting the red ball on the opposite side of the table, as in carom billiards. In the Japanese version, the cue ball is placed behind the second red object ball and play commences by hitting the red object ball nearest to the cue ball. In the Japanese version the game is over when the first player reaches the agreed-upon score. In the Korean version, the players work their way down from their respective handicaps. After having scored the final point a win is secured by doing a three-cushion shot.
Central European version
A variation of four-ball is popular in Central Europe, especially in the Czech Republic. It is called desítkový karambol (Czech for "tenfold carom") and is played with two white balls, a blue ball, and a red ball which serves as the cue ball. Players score a point by hitting on any other two balls with the cue ball. A hit off all three balls, however, scores 10 points, one point shot and 10 points shot is doubled by hitting a cushion before hitting any of the other balls for a total of 2 or 20 points in one shot.
- Froeshcle, Robert (1971). Official Rule Book for All Pocket & Carom Billiard Games. Billiard Congress of America.
- Photo of yotsudama balls from a commercial supplier
- Photo of Czech balls from a commercial supplier
- Article (Japanese) explaining the differences between the Korean and Japanese variants, and with images showing the different placement of the balls for the opening shot
- Link to a Czech Republic source (Czech) explaining the rules of Czech four-ball
- The official website of the UK version of 4 Ball Billiards complete with explanation of rules and variations. |
Semi-solid metal casting
Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. The process is used with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, and magnesium. The process combines the | Semi-solid metal casting
Semi-solid metal casting (SSM) is a near net shape variant of die casting. The process is used with non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium, copper, and magnesium. The process combines the advantages of casting and forging. The process is named after the fluid property thixotropy, which is the phenomenon that allows this process to work. Simply, thixotropic fluids shear when the material flows, but thicken when standing. The potential for this type of process was first recognized in the early 1970s. There are four different processes: thixocasting, rheocasting, thixomolding, and SIMA.
SSM is done at a temperature that puts the metal between its liquidus and solidus temperature. Ideally, the metal should be 30 to 65% solid. The metal must have a low viscosity to be usable, and to reach this low viscosity the material needs a globular primary surrounded by the liquid phase. The temperature range possible depends on the material and for aluminum alloys is 5–10 °C, but for narrow melting range copper alloys can be only several tenths of a degree.
Semi-solid casting is typically used for high-end castings. For aluminum alloys typical parts include engine suspension mounts, air manifold sensor harness, engine blocks and oil pump filter housing.
There are a number of different techniques to produce semi-solid castings. For aluminum alloys the more common processes are thixocasting and rheocasting.<.
With magnesium alloys, the most common process is molding.
Thixocasting utilizes a pre-cast billet with a non-dendritic microstructure that is normally produced by vigorously stirring the melt as the bar is being cast. Induction heating is normally used to re-heat the billets to the semi-solid temperature range, and die casting machines are used to inject the semi-solid material into hardened steels dies. Thixocasting is being performed commercially in North America, Europe and Asia. Thixocasting has the ability to produce extremely high quality components due to the product consistency that results from using pre-cast billet that is manufactured under the same ideal continuous processing conditions that are employed to make forging or rolling stock. The main disadvantage is that it is expensive due to the special billets that must be used. Other disadvantages include a limited number of alloys, and scrap cannot be directly reused.
Unlike thixocasting, which re-heats a billet, rheocasting develops the semi-solid slurry from the molten metal produced in a typical die casting furnace/machine. This is a big advantage over thixocasting because it results in less expensive feedstock, in the form of typical die casting alloys, and allows for direct recycling.
For magnesium alloys, thixomolding uses a machine similar to injection molding. In a single step process, room temperature magnesium alloy chips are fed into the back end of a heated barrel through a volumetric feeder. The barrel is maintained under an argon atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the magnesium chips. A screw feeder located inside the barrel feeds the magnesium chips forward as they are heated into the semi-solid temperature range. The screw rotation provides the necessary shearing force to generate the globular structure needed for semi-solid casting. Once enough slurry has accumulated, the screw moves forward to inject the slurry into a steel die.
In the SIMA method the material is first heated to the SMM temperature. As it nears the solidus temperature the grains recrystallize to form a fine grain structure. After the solidus temperature is passed the grain boundaries melt to form the SSM microstructure. For this method to work the material should be extruded or cold rolled in the half-hard tempered state. This method is limited in size to bar diameters smaller than 37 mm (1.5 in); because of this only smaller parts can be cast.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of semi-solid casting are as follows:
- Complex parts produced net shape
- Porosity free
- Excellent mechanical performance
- Pressure tightness
- Tight tolerances
- Thin walls
- Heat treatable (T4/T5/T6)
Due to the lower pressures and temperatures required to die cast semi-solid metal the die material does not need to be as exotic. Often graphite or softer stainless steels may be used. Even non-ferrous dies can be used for one time shots. Because of this the process can be applied to rapid prototyping needs and mass production. This also allows for the casting of high melting point metals, such as tool steel and stellite, if a higher temperature die material is used. |
Sustainable Development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs” by the Brundland Commission. Its advocacy is relevant in the Philippine context for it’s about a high | Sustainable Development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs” by the Brundland Commission. Its advocacy is relevant in the Philippine context for it’s about a high quality of life that is ecologically sustainable. Education for sustainable Development has relevance in the Philippine context for our laws, acts, policies and government programs have relations on the proposed agendas in the UN. The PA 21 re-orients education towards sustainable development and it’s implemented in both formal and non-formal basic education and deals with the issues on educating for Sustainable Human Development. Unsustainable development is driven by a range of interactive political, economic, cultural, environmental and global forces
The image of society that guides Philippine Agenda 21 characterizes a significant number of modern societies today, some of which recognize that the key actors in any critical and principled partnership or conflict regarding sustainable development are the government, business, and civil society. To humanize development, there must be... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2011, 09). Education for Sustainable Development. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 09, 2011, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Education-For-Sustainable-Development-785613.html
"Education for Sustainable Development" StudyMode.com. 09 2011. 2011. 09 2011 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Education-For-Sustainable-Development-785613.html>.
- MLA 7
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"Education for Sustainable Development." StudyMode.com. 09, 2011. Accessed 09, 2011. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Education-For-Sustainable-Development-785613.html. |
Power Plant Water Management
An Innovative System for Treatment of Non-Traditional
Waters for Reuse in Power Generation – Clemson University
Clemson University is evaluating pilot-scale constructed wetlands for treatment of targeted constituents in non-traditional waters | Power Plant Water Management
An Innovative System for Treatment of Non-Traditional
Waters for Reuse in Power Generation – Clemson University
Clemson University is evaluating pilot-scale constructed wetlands for treatment of targeted constituents in non-traditional waters for reuse in thermoelectric power plants. The non-traditional waters being investigated by this project include: ash basin waters; cooling waters; flue gas desulfurization waters; and produced waters. While contaminants in non-traditional waters vary, metals, organics, and biocides can be the most difficult to treat and can limit the util |
Jewish Women's Archive - Living the Legacyhttp://jwa.org/LivingtheLegacy
Identity, Independence, and Becoming American Jews
- Working in the garment industry, Jewish immigrants encountered American culture and began to forge American Jewish identities.
| Jewish Women's Archive - Living the Legacyhttp://jwa.org/LivingtheLegacy
Identity, Independence, and Becoming American Jews
- Working in the garment industry, Jewish immigrants encountered American culture and began to forge American Jewish identities.
- Even though work in the garment industry was often low-paying and difficult, it provided social and economic opportunity for young workers.
- By working outside the home with other young people, immigrants in the garment industry cultivated peer group identities that connected them to the broader American culture and helped them differentiate from their families.
- In what ways do you identify as “American”? How does that identity intersect with the other aspects of your identity, for example, being a Jew, a member of a particular socio-economic class, a person who lives in a urban/suburban/rural area, being an athlete/band member/dancer, etc?
- How can work be liberating? How can being a part of group be meaningful?
- How do you and your friends define your place in American society?
- Sheets of brown wrapping paper and white butcher paper, approximately 5 feet by 2 feet in size, one for each student (8 ½ by 14” paper can also be used, and the effect will be quite different)
- thick drawing pencils and markers or paints
- glue sticks, fabric glue, and/or craft paste
- collage-making materials ranging from fabrics, buttons, beads, sequins, and other apparel items to natural items, such as sand, shells, stones, etc. to anything else that is available, with the exception of newspapers and magazines, the usual stuff of kids’ collage making (Staying away from two-dimensional sources, particularly those familiar to the students, will inspire greater creativity with three-dimensional sources. Once they have the assignment, they may choose from a category of objects—quilt squares or ceramic tile pieces, for example—or they may have disparate items in their possession that they think will work well in a collage format to say what they want their work to say.)
- Students can also be invited to bring in materials for collages
- Pieces of cardboard from cut-up boxes measuring 18”x24” for the collages; other options include poster board or foam core. |
State of complete physical, mental, and social well being- not merely the absence of disease. A state of actual of potential health.
Activities that increase the well being and enhance wellness or health. Ex; nutrition is important in health promotion, exercise | State of complete physical, mental, and social well being- not merely the absence of disease. A state of actual of potential health.
Activities that increase the well being and enhance wellness or health. Ex; nutrition is important in health promotion, exercise, mental health (support groups, family education)
Associated with health promotion. A technique to prepare patients, families, etc. in upcoming procedures, milestones, events and experiences related to their health and well being.
Health Maintenance (health protection)
Activities that preserve an individuals state of health and that prevent disease or injury occurrence.
Focuses on activities that decrease opportunity for illness or injury. (yearly immunizations, infant car seats, swimming lessons, etc.)
Focuses on early diagnosis and treatment of a condition to lesson its severity (any SCREENING, blood/glucose checks, annual exams)
Involves an insult to the body, symptom, or diagnosis. Focuses on restoration to optimum function. (rehabilitation activities, support groups, and counseling)
Evaluation of growth
Includes; Height & length, BMI, weight, head circumference
Evaluation of development
A continuance process of observation and interviewing that seeks to identify child's capabilities based on age
Erikson: Infancy (Psychosocial)
Trust versus mistrust
Freud: Infancy-Toddler (Psychosexual)
Oral Stage (0-18mo) uses mouth as major source of gratification.
Anal Stage (8mo-4yrs) Neuromuscular control of anal sphincter.
Havighurst: Infancy & Early Childhood (Developmental)
Achieves physiologic stablility, learning to eat solids, walk and talk, forming simple concepts of social and physical reality, relating to emotionally to parents, siblings, and others, eliminates body wastes, distinguish right from wrong, sexual differences & modesty.
Piaget: Infancy (Cognitive)
Sensorimotor Stag |
Many ESL students, children and adults alike, dislike or even dread writing tasks in the ESL classroom, finding them boring or difficult (Winer,1992: Cimcoz, 1999). This can lead teachers to avoid all but | Many ESL students, children and adults alike, dislike or even dread writing tasks in the ESL classroom, finding them boring or difficult (Winer,1992: Cimcoz, 1999). This can lead teachers to avoid all but the shortest of writing tasks in the classroom, for fear of not being able to motivate or support their students highly enough.
The project described below has been used to good effect with two different groups of students studying on short courses at a university in northern England and can be adapted to suit different levels with relative ease. It can also be condensed or expanded to last between just two or three sessions and almost a whole week of a full-time programme. At the end of their programmes, both groups of students rated this activity as one of their favourites, despite initial reactions to writing tasks being rather less than favourable. |
A covert listening device, more commonly known as a bug or a wire, is usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. The use of bugs, called bugging, is a common technique in espionage and in police investigations.
Bug | A covert listening device, more commonly known as a bug or a wire, is usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. The use of bugs, called bugging, is a common technique in espionage and in police investigations.
Bug with transmitter
Most bugs use a radio transmitter
but there are many other options for carrying a signal: radio
frequencies may be sent through the main wiring of a building and
picked up outside; transmissions from a cordless phone can be
monitored; and it is possible to pick up the data from poorly
configured wireless computer
or tune in to the radio emissions of a computer
monitor or keyboard.
Bugs come in all shapes and sizes. The original purpose of bugs was
to relay sound, but today the miniaturization of electronics has
progressed so far that even commercially-available b |
The emphasis in this statistical applications course is on thinking about research issues in a statistically sound and practical fashion. Students will learn to formulate and ask the right questions, how to collect data effectively, how to summarize and interpret information, and how to understand | The emphasis in this statistical applications course is on thinking about research issues in a statistically sound and practical fashion. Students will learn to formulate and ask the right questions, how to collect data effectively, how to summarize and interpret information, and how to understand the limitations of statistical inferences.
Describe the role of data analysis in the research process.
Describe the differences between descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Differentiate the four levels of measurement.
Analyze a visual display of data
Interpret measures of central tendency.
Interpret measures of variability.
Describe the standard normal distribution.
Inferring from Data
Describe the two types of errors that are present in hypothesis testing.
Interpret statistical significance.
Types of Statistical Techniques
Differentiate between parametric and nonparametric statistics.
Interpret the results of various types of statistical tests in health care research.
Statistical Software Application
Identify the benefits of using statistical software for data analysis.
The University of Phoenix reserves the right to modify courses.
While widely available, not all programs are available in all locations or in both online and on-campus formats. Please check with a University Enrollment Advisor.
Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It is the student’s responsibility to confirm whether or not credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the student’s choice.
Learn more today
Speak live with an enrollment advisor M-F 6:00 a.m. — 6:00 p.m. MST. |
Having a senior moment? A new study suggests that cutting calories may help.
Cutting down on calories could help women retain their memory, according to a study conducted in Germany.
Older adults who cut down on the amount of calories they consume get | Having a senior moment? A new study suggests that cutting calories may help.
Cutting down on calories could help women retain their memory, according to a study conducted in Germany.
Older adults who cut down on the amount of calories they consume get a two-for-one special: weight loss and better memory.
Healthy women ranging in age from 50 to 80 who reduced their calorie intake by 30 percent for three months not only lost weight, but their scores on verbal memory tests also shot up by 20 percent, according to a study conducted by Dr. Agnes Floel and her colleagues from the University of Munster in Germany, who published the results in the January issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"The results seem pretty dramatic," said Mark P. Mattson, a senior investigator at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in Bethesda, Maryland.
"Even though the number of subjects in the study was not really high, they had really high, statistically significant improvements in their performance on the memory test," added Mattson, who studies caloric restriction and the brain in his role as chief of the Cellular and Molecular Neurosciences Section at the NIA's Laboratory of Neurosciences. He was not involved in Floel's investigation.
The study included 50 women, all o |
A new study found the surprising cause of rosacea, the skin condition that makes skin red and inflamed: This disgusting microscopic creature.
Researchers at the National University of Ireland found that these mites actually live inside your sweat glands and feed on your | A new study found the surprising cause of rosacea, the skin condition that makes skin red and inflamed: This disgusting microscopic creature.
Researchers at the National University of Ireland found that these mites actually live inside your sweat glands and feed on your oil and dead skin cells. Then at night, they come out of your pores and crawl around the surface of your skin looking for a mate.
But it gets worse.
When the mites die, their dead carcasses release bacteria-filled poop that spills into your pores. And if your skin is home to a lot of these mites, you'll react to their excrement in the form of red, inflamed skin. Hello, rosacea.
If you're one of the 16 million Americans who deal with rosacea, dietary changes (like eating more vegetables and avoiding high fat foods) can help create more "normal" sebum -- and therefore prevent the mites from feasting (and pooping) on your skin.
More from TotalBeauty.com:
Wacky Beauty Products That Actually Work
The Weirdest Beauty Tips You've Heard
5 Surprising Uses for Botox
10 Fast Food Options That Are Good for Your Skin |
To Your Health
June, 2011 (Vol. 05, Issue 06)
Turn the Lights Out on Energy Drinks
Research warns against use by children, teens
By Editorial Staff
Energy drinks are big business, with more than | To Your Health
June, 2011 (Vol. 05, Issue 06)
Turn the Lights Out on Energy Drinks
Research warns against use by children, teens
By Editorial Staff
Energy drinks are big business, with more than a thousand distributors globally and annual sales expected to top the $9 billion mark this year.
Who's buying them? Everyone
. And with average caffeine content equal to or exceeding a cup of coffee, the question can certainly be raised, should our children be consuming them?
Definitely not, according to a recent review of data published in Pediatrics. Although surveys show that 30-50 percent of teens and young adults drink energy beverages, the study, which analyzed scientific studies, government and media reports, and other data on energy drinks, concludes that the drinks "have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated." The study authors "discourage routine use" by children and teens.
So, does your child consume energy drinks, and if so, how many on a daily basis? And what about soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages? Maybe it's time to find out. |
Generally, the term Oklahoma Colony referred collectively to groups of land seekers in Kansas and Texas organized by David L. Payne to settle the unoccupied public lands known as the Unassigned Lands. Payne hoped to establish a town to serve as a capital as | Generally, the term Oklahoma Colony referred collectively to groups of land seekers in Kansas and Texas organized by David L. Payne to settle the unoccupied public lands known as the Unassigned Lands. Payne hoped to establish a town to serve as a capital as well as provide homesteads for farmers. Beginning in February 1880 he and others formed the Southwest Colony Town and Mining Company and another association called the Southwest Colonization Society. Memberships in the organizations were sold at two dollars for the right to a quarter section of land and twenty-five dollars for a town lot. Eventually, after several name changes the colonization group became known simply as Payne's Oklahoma Colony.
Payne led numerous colonization expeditions into the Unassigned Lands between April 1880 and August 1883 and again in July and August 1884. His attempts failed because U.S. troops arrested Payne and evicted the illegal settlers. After Payne's death in November 1884, several men who were prominent in the Boomer Movement continued the battle to establish a settlement. William L. Couch led settlers on two other unsuccessful excursions in December 1884 and October 1885. William H. Osburn, who had served as secretary of Payne's Oklahoma Colony, formed the Osburn Oklahoma Colony to petition Congress for legislation to open the area for non-Indian settlement. Osburn also edited the Oklahoma Pilgrim, a Boomer publication similar to the Oklahoma War Chief, at Burrton, Kansas. E. H. Nugent, a Payne follower and a member of Osburn's group, broke away and started his own "Oklahoma Colony." Although these efforts failed, they brought national attention to the availability of the Unassigned Lands and to the March 2, 1889, passage of the Indian Appropriations Bill, which had been amended to authorize the president to open the area to homestead settlement. That event occurred on April 22, 1889.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Marjorie Aikman Coyne, "David L. Payne, The Father of Oklahoma" (M.A. thesis, University of Wichita, 1930). Stan Hoig, David L. Payne: The Oklahoma Boomer (Oklahoma City: Western Heritage Books, 1980). Michael W. Lovegrove, "Free Homes: David L. Payne and the Oklahoma Boomer Movement, 1879-1884" (M.A. thesis, University of Oklahoma, 1996). David L. Payne Collection, Research Division, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Carl Coke Rister, Land Hunger: David L. Payne and the Oklahoma Boomers (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1942).
Linda D. Wilson
© Oklahoma Historical Society |
Capitalizing on nature’s benefits: New incentives for private forest landowners
By Gerry Gray – 05/09/11 11:06 AM ET
Private forests are essential to the environment, culture and economy of our country. While traditionally | Capitalizing on nature’s benefits: New incentives for private forest landowners
By Gerry Gray – 05/09/11 11:06 AM ET
Private forests are essential to the environment, culture and economy of our country. While traditionally valued primarily for wood products — lumber and paper — these forests also provide numerous public benefits referred to as ecosystem services, such as clean water, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat.
More than 420 million acres — about 56 percent of our nation’s forests — are privately owned by nearly 11 million landowners. About three-quarters of these private forests are in the Eastern United States.
In many parts of our country today, the value of private forests for development has increased significantly, especially around urban areas and near forested waterways or mountains. The result has been that many private forest landowners are finding it more and more tempting to sell their land for development.
The implications of this development trend for ecosystem services is significant. With respect to water quality, for example, watersheds with greater forest cover increase groundwater supplies, lower stormwater runoff, and lower levels of nutrients and sediment in streams than urban or agricultural areas.
The USDA Forest Service estimates that more than a quarter of our of our nation’s fresh water flows from and is filtered by private forests, yet a recent agency report projects that more than 57 million acres of rural private forest land will undergo substantial increases in housing density from 2000 to 2030. The size of the forest area is key — wetlands near large forest tracts have lower levels of harmful nutrients and pollutants than wetlands near smaller forest tracts.
If we as a nation value the many benefits that private forests provide, we must find ways to create economic incentives to help landowners maintain these lands as forests for conservation purposes.
Payments for ecosystem services hold promise as a new economic opportunity to help maintain private forests. These payments reflect a number of public and private approaches to providing direct payments to landowners as a strategy to preserve, protect and restore one or more forest-base |
Search Results for "C"
principal. One who is put above the rest; as, chief magistrate
chief justice : it also signifies the best of a number of things. It is
CHIEF CLERK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF | Search Results for "C"
principal. One who is put above the rest; as, chief magistrate
chief justice : it also signifies the best of a number of things. It is
CHIEF CLERK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
This officer is appointed
by the secretary of state; his duties are to attend to the business of the
ofFice under the superintendence of the secretary;... more
officer. The president of a supreme court; as the
chief justice of the United States, the chief justice of Pennsylvania, and
the -like. Vide 15 Vin. Ab.... more
An officer among the English, established soon
after the conquest.
2. He had judicial power, and sat as a judge in the Curia Regis. (q.... more
domestic relations. A child is the son or daughter
in relation to the father or mother.
2. We will here consider the law, in general terms,... more
Weakness of intellect, such as that of a child.
2. When the childishness is so great that a man has lost his memory, or
This is a corruption of the French word chemin, a highway.
It is used by old writers. Com. Dig. Chimin.... more
Interest for money charged in China. In a case
where a note was given in China, payable eighteen months after date, without,
any stipulation respecting interest,... more
conveyancing. Signifies a deed or public instrument in
writing. Chirographs were anciently attested by the subscription and crosses
of witnesses; afterwards, to prevent frauds and concealments, deeds... more
A word derived from the Greek, which signifies "a
writing with a man"s hand." A chirographer is an officer of the English
court of C. P.who... more
ancient Eng. law. This word is derived from the French
chevelier, a horseman. It is. the name of a tenure of land by knight"s service.
Chivalry was... more
Preference either of a person or thing, to one of several
other persons or things. Election. (q. v.)... more
property. This is a French word, signifying thing. In law,
it is applied to personal property; as choses in possession, are such personal
things of which one... more
The religion established by Jesus Christ.
2. Christianity has been judicially declared to be a part of the common
law of Pennsylvania; 11 Serg. &... more
In a moral or spiritual sense this word signifies a society
of persons who |
In both his actions and in his painted image, John Campbell illustrates the difficulty of assigning clear-cut loyalties during a time of civil unrest and political uncertainty. A grandson of the 1st Earl of Breadalbane, Campbell was the cashier | In both his actions and in his painted image, John Campbell illustrates the difficulty of assigning clear-cut loyalties during a time of civil unrest and political uncertainty. A grandson of the 1st Earl of Breadalbane, Campbell was the cashier of the Royal Bank of Scotland, an enterprise considered to be the ‘government’s bank’. He was, therefore, a pillar of Scotland’s loyalist establishment. However, when the Jacobites occupied Edinburgh in 1745, he let them exchange banknotes for over £6,000 in coin, so helping them prepare for their descent into England. In his portrait Campbell wears a tartan kilt and jacket, a revealing choice just two years after parliament had banned the wearing of Highland dress in Scotland. With sword, pistols and dirk, the banker presents himself as a warrior chieftain in the tradition of his ancestors. |
National Academy of Sciences Releases Report on Trawling ImpactsAll Press Releases…
Environmental and Fishing Groups Join in Support of New Bill to Stop Demolition Fishing
March 18, 2002
Contact: Dustin Cranor ( firstname.lastname | National Academy of Sciences Releases Report on Trawling ImpactsAll Press Releases…
Environmental and Fishing Groups Join in Support of New Bill to Stop Demolition Fishing
March 18, 2002
Contact: Dustin Cranor ( [email protected] | 954-348-1314, 954-348-1314 (cell))
A new study by the National Academy of Sciences released today says that bottom trawling, a method of fishing that drags big, heavy nets across the sea floor, is killing vast numbers of marine animals. Coming after years of declining U.S. fisheries, the report finds that trawling damages the habitat where juvenile fishes hide from their predators.
In view of these findings, Congressman Joel Hefley (R-CO) is announcing Tuesday that he will introduce the Ocean Habitat Protection Act, which would prevent the most harmful trawling gear from smashing coral reefs, rocky reefs and undersea boulder fields. Co-sponsors of the bill include a bipartisan group including Representatives Jim Saxton (R-NJ), Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Jim Greenwood (R-PA), Mark Udall (D-CO), Jim Moran (D-VA) and Michael Castle (R-DE).
“As an avid fisherman, I have strong concerns about the future of fishing and the devastating effects of mobile fishing gear," said Congressman Joel Hefley. "The ocean environment is a diverse and beautiful home to coral beds, sea grasses and fish species that are needlessly being destroyed by large roller and rockhopper gear. Under the Ocean Habitat Protection Act, the size of ground gear used on bottom trawls will be limited and will allow trawling to be conducted in a manner that preserves and sustains the ocean habitat.”
The bill, an amendment to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, would ban the use of rockhopper and roller gear larger than 8” in diameter on bottom trawls. These gears are designed to allow bottom |
Henry Gray (18251861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
membrane is attached, while the triangular surface between the ridges gives insertion to part of the Pronator quadratus. This crest separates the volar from the | Henry Gray (18251861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
membrane is attached, while the triangular surface between the ridges gives insertion to part of the Pronator quadratus. This crest separates the volar from the dorsal surface, and gives attachment to the interosseous membrane.
Surface.The volar surface (facies volaris; anterior surface) is concave in its upper three-fourths, and gives origin to the Flexor pollicis longus; it is broad and flat in its lower fourth, and affords insertion to the Pronator quadratus. A prominent ridge limits the insertion of the Pronator quadratus below, and between this and the inferior border is a triangular rough surface for the attachment of the volar radiocarpal ligament. At the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the volar surface is the nutrient foramen, which is directed obliquely upward.
The dorsal surface (facies dorsalis; posterior surface) is convex, and smooth in the upper third of its extent, and covered by the Supinator. Its middle third is broad, slightly concave, and gives origin to the Abductor pollicis longus above, and the Extensor pollicis brevis below. Its lower third is broad, convex, and covered by the tendons of the muscles which subsequently run in the grooves on the lower end of the bone.
The lateral surface (facies lateralis; external surface) is convex throughout its entire extent. Its upper third gives insertion to the Supinator. About its center is a rough ridge, for the insertion of the Pronator teres. Its lower part is narrow, and covered by the tendons of the Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis.
The Lower Extremity.The lower extremity is large, of quadrilateral form, and provided with two articular surfacesone below, for the carpus, and another at the medial side, for the ulna. The carpal articular surface is triangular, concave, smooth, and divided by a slight antero-posterior ridge into two parts. Of these, the lateral, triangular, articulates with the navicular bone; the medial, quadrilateral, with the lunate bone. The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the head of the ulna. These two articular surfaces are separated by a prominent ridge, to which the base of the triangular articular disk is attached; this disk separates the wrist-joint from the distal radioulnar articulation. This end of the bone has three non-articular surfacesvolar, dorsal, and lateral. The volar surface, rough and irregular, affords attachment to the volar radiocarpal ligament. The dorsal surface is convex, affords attachment to the dorsal radiocarpal ligament, and is marked by three grooves. Enumerated from the lateral side, the first groove is broad, but shallow, and subdivided into two by a slight ridge; the lateral of these two transmits the tendon of the Extensor carpi radialis longus, the medial the tendon of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. The second is deep but narrow, and bounded laterally by a sharply defined ridge; it is directed obliquely from above downward and lateralward, and transmits the tendon of the Extensor pollicis longus. The third is broad, for the passage of the tendons of the Extensor indicis proprius and Extensor digitorum communis. The lateral surface is prolonged obliquely downward into a strong, conical projection, the styloid process, which gives attachment by its base to the tendon of the Brachioradialis, and by its apex to the radial collateral ligament of the wrist-join |
Macro-Micro Interlocked Simulation of Explosive Plasma Phenomena in Space and the Solar Corona
Explosive energy liberation, known as solar flares, occurs in the solar corona filled with high-temperature plasma. Shock waves and high | Macro-Micro Interlocked Simulation of Explosive Plasma Phenomena in Space and the Solar Corona
Explosive energy liberation, known as solar flares, occurs in the solar corona filled with high-temperature plasma. Shock waves and high-energy particles emitted from the explosion may damage long distant power transmission systems and spacecraft around the Earth and, sometimes, endanger astronauts in space. In order to forecast solar flares and the effect on the Earth, we are developing interlocked plasma simulations to reveal both large-scale plasma dynamics and small-scale plasma kinetics in the flaring region as well as in the inside of shocks.
(Left) magnetic field model of the solar corona, (middle) magnetohydrodynamic simulation of ejective solar flare and (right) particle-in-cell simulation of magnetic reconnection, which causes solar flare explosions.
High-resolution micro-scale simulation of a shock wave in plasma: It shows that waves are emitted from the shock wave front into the upstream region. Such waves are useful as precursors of shock wave attacks |
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