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Mr. Lorca suffered severe depression and guilt about being a man who loved other men. It's believed that he died in 1936 when soldiers dragged him into a field, shot him and tossed his body into an unmarked grave. Franco | Mr. Lorca suffered severe depression and guilt about being a man who loved other men. It's believed that he died in 1936 when soldiers dragged him into a field, shot him and tossed his body into an unmarked grave. Franco's government tried to obliterate Lorca's memory. His books were prohibited, his name forbidden. His poetry has been translated into a dozen languages and his name is known worldwide.
|Lorca and Dalí| |
|Experts Warn of “Untreatable Infections”|
PAHO/WHO calls for action to curb dangerous growth of antimicrobial resistance
Washington, D.C., 7 April 2011 (PAHO/WHO) — The widespread misuse | |Experts Warn of “Untreatable Infections”|
PAHO/WHO calls for action to curb dangerous growth of antimicrobial resistance
Washington, D.C., 7 April 2011 (PAHO/WHO) — The widespread misuse of antimicrobial medications, coupled with poor patient care in health facilities, could lead to a future of deadly “untreatable infections,” experts said today in panel discussions organized by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) for World Health Day 2011.
“Antibiotics are a true success story,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, at PAHO/WHO headquarters in Washington, D.C. “But microbes develop ways to circumvent them. The examples are many. Antimicrobial resistance has become a key stumbling block in our efforts to control many important infectious diseases in global health.”
Drug resistance is a natural biological process by which microbes acquire the ability to resist drugs designed to kill them. Resistant genes are passed on to new generations of microbes, becoming more dominant until the resisted drug becomes ineffective.
Chief contributors to the process include doctors who incorrectly prescribe antibiotics, people who purchase the drugs without a prescription, and patients who do not take all their drugs as prescribed. Also key are poor infection control practices in hospitals and health facilities, and the widespread use of antibiotics in the production of food animals.
In combination, these factors are producing growing resistance among microbes that threatens to outpace the development of new, more effective drugs.
Indeed, the introduction of new antimicrobial drugs has declined significantly since the 1980s and 1990s, noted Dr. Marcelo Galas, of Argentina’s Ministry of Health. “If we continue like this, in short time we will be left with nothing.”
Dr. Susan Foster, of the Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, estimated that antimicrobial resistance costs as much as $34 billion per year in the United States alone, similar to what is spent on diabetes. This is due to longer hospital stays, more expensive medications, and increased need for screening and diagnostics. Other, indirect costs include poor patient health, long-term disability, increased deaths, and economic impacts on individuals and families.
“And behind these statistics, we have to remember there are real people whose lives have been dramatically affected,” said Foster.
Claudia Palacios, weekend news anchor for CNN Spanish, recalled the tragic effect of antimicrobial resistance on a young couple she knew in her native Colombia. Following routine surgery, the young father succumbed to a hospital-acquired “superbug,” leaving behind his wife and their 4-month-old baby.
“Whenever I do a report on the use of medications, I remember that truncated family and I try to make viewers think about the serious consequences of an act as simple as taking an antibiotic,” said Palacios. “It may seem like the fastest solution for an ailment, but a badly used medication is really an attempt on one’s life and on the lives of others.”
In the Americas region, major problems with antimicrobial resistance now include:
To address these problems, PAHO/WHO has been working with countries throughout the Americas to improve drug regulatory systems, strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacity, ensure access to good-quality essential medicines, improve infection prevention and control, and promote research and development.
A key component of this work is the promotion of patient safety through such PAHO/WHO initiatives as “Clean Care is Safer Care” and the “Safe Surgery Checklist” for surgical personnel.
“More than 50 percent of hospital-acquired infections are preventable,” said Dr. Orlando Urroz, of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. “We need to teach patients and healthcare workers simple, cost-effective measures to prevent infection and improve the quality of care.”
To monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, PAHO/WHO supports the Latin American Network for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance (RELAVRA), established in 1996. The network now covers 21 countries from Canada to Chile and includes 21 reference labs and 521 sentinel sites that collect information on drug resistance throughout the hemisphere.
As part of this year’s World Health Day Campaign, whose theme is “No action today, no cure tomorrow,” PAHO and WHO today called on all countries to adopt a six-point policy package to combat antimicrobial resistance.
“Antimicrobial resistance is not a phenomenon on the horizon; it is here today,” said PAHO Deputy Director Dr. Jon Andrus. “Let us remember that only by working together can we combat antimicrobial resistance. And let us heed the warning that if we don’t take action today, we will have no cure tomorrow. None of us wants that to happen.”
The Pan American Health Organization, founded in 1902, works with all the countries of the Americas to improve the health and quality of life of their peoples. It serves as the Regional Office of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization |
Cosmetic Anti-Aging Treatment
Facial Rejeuvenation Accupuncture
Oily Skin & Acne
Electrodermal Screening EDS
Computerized Electrodermal Screening (EDS) devices are instruments which measure galvan | Cosmetic Anti-Aging Treatment
Facial Rejeuvenation Accupuncture
Oily Skin & Acne
Electrodermal Screening EDS
Computerized Electrodermal Screening (EDS) devices are instruments which measure galvanic skin resistance. The process consists of the client holding a brass rod in one hand. Then the practitioner or technician touches a certain point on the body (usually the hand or foot) with a stylus (pen type probe) and a measurement is recorded. It is a resistance measurement procedure that is based on "electrical engineering physics." This process is non-invasive (it does not puncture the skin) and does not give shocks.
Medical application of electrical devices started around 1600 and has steadily increased since then. Research identifying a relationship between points on the body and internal organs and functions stems back over 5,000 years to Chinese acupuncture. Dr. Reinhold Voll's work, from 1952 through 1989, established a clear connection between electro-acupuncture points and internal organs, functions and processes. His work is well-documented and researched. To date over 1,400 points have been identified. The international acceptance of acupuncture by most medical colleges lends credence to the validity of this science.
In 1979 James Hoyt Dark, MSc., took on the task of computerising EDS and it culminated in the development of a number of systems. The third generation was the Listen System, which came out in 1991 and is considered one of the world's premier EDS systems.
In most European countries, Electrodermal Screening EDS is accepted and used as a medical device. In Canada and Australia, it is registered as a medical device. Your practitioner is well trained to use an Electrodermal Screening device in a number of areas.
What Can Electrodermal Screening Devices Do?
An Electrodermal Screening device offers a number of options for you. It may be used to screen:
Basically, it can perform thousands of processes, and look at the body in a number of ways. Your practitioner is best placed to decide which avenue is best suited for you at any one time. The information and insights can be extremely enlightening |
Word Origin & History
1291 (in Anglo-Latin), "flat framework for candles, hung over a coffin," from O.Fr. herce "long rake, harrow," from M.L. hercia, from L. h | Word Origin & History
1291 (in Anglo-Latin), "flat framework for candles, hung over a coffin," from O.Fr. herce "long rake, harrow," from M.L. hercia, from L. hirpicem (nom. hirpex) "harrow," from Oscan hirpus "wolf," supposedly in allusion to its teeth. The Oscan word may be related to L. hirsutus "shaggy, bristly." So called
because it resembled a harrow, a large rake for breaking up soil. Sense extended to other temporary frameworks built over dead people, then to "vehicle for carrying a body," a sense first recorded 1650. |
Emerging public health threats often originate in resource-limited countries. In recognition of this fact, the World Health Organization issued revised International Health Regulations in 2005, which call for significantly increased reporting and response capabilities for all signatory nations. Electronic | Emerging public health threats often originate in resource-limited countries. In recognition of this fact, the World Health Organization issued revised International Health Regulations in 2005, which call for significantly increased reporting and response capabilities for all signatory nations. Electronic biosurveillance systems can improve the timeliness of public health data collection, aid in the early detection of and response to disease outbreaks, and enhance situational awareness.
As components of its Suite for Automated Global bioSurveillance (SAGES) program, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory developed two open-source, electronic biosurveillance systems for use in resource-limited settings. OpenESSENCE provides web-based data entry, analysis, and reporting. ESSENCE Desktop Edition provides similar capabilities for settings without internet access. Bot |
VisWall opens door to many worlds
This 3-D experience even allows students to practice surgical techniques.
When data becomes too complex to describe or even imagine, try bouncing it off a wall. But not just any wall. Measuring 14 | VisWall opens door to many worlds
This 3-D experience even allows students to practice surgical techniques.
When data becomes too complex to describe or even imagine, try bouncing it off a wall. But not just any wall. Measuring 14-by-8 feet, this giant behemoth is known as the VisWall (a product of Visbox, Inc.) and it can help researchers visualize some of the most complicated scientific concepts.
The VisWall appears much like a screen you might want to buy for your home, but it can't be found in a store. You have to go to Tufts University and a place called the Center for Scientific Visualization. Lionel Zupan, director of Research Technology Services, helped bring the VisWall to life.
"You can immerse yourself in your data without casting a shadow," he explains, standing in front of a churning tornado. "And you can do that in 3-D. This software and the VisWall have 3-D capabilities."
Put on the 3-D goggles and you're engulfed in a 3-D version of a churning tornado, courtesy of the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. What better way to demonstrate the creation of a tornado? Eat your heart out, Hollywood!
"You can try to describe the birth of a tornado in words, but the images speak for themselves," says Zupan.
The VisWall uses two Sony rear screen projectors to display a picture more than four times the resolution of the best high-definition television (HDTV). More than four times! Faculty and students from many disciplines use it. For example, Professor Caroline Cao and her team developed software so that medical students specializing in surgery can one-day practice their surgical techniques on the big screen before ever touching real-life tissue.
Zupan stands in front of the VisWall holding a pencil-like object, referred to as a haptic device, that is used to guide the surgical instruments on the screen.
"I can feel the texture," says Zupan. "I can change instruments and can actually cut and grab the tumor."
Mathematician Boris Hasselblatt went to the wall to get a fresh view of a model that forecasts the population growth of certain animals. Even though he has looked at pictures representing this model for well over 20 years, when he bounced things off the wall, he saw something he had never seen before.
"What's apparent," says Hasselblatt as he stands next to the model that towers over him on the giant screen, "at this scale and this resolution and detail and being at eye height as well, is that all the curves are leading [to a point] right here."
Those curves provide some order in chaotic conditions that make any long-term population predictions beyond this point next to impossible.
"What this wall did was it made something click that I had not previously perceived, even though it was right in front of me for those 20 years," he explains. "That's one of the great things about this wall; it will get people to see things that are otherwise hard to see."
The simulations and anim |
Last Updated: Friday, September 13, 2013, 21:34
Voyager 1 has become the first spacecraft to leave our neighbourhood and venture into the loneliness of interstellar space, according to data published on Thursday.
| Last Updated: Friday, September 13, 2013, 21:34
Voyager 1 has become the first spacecraft to leave our neighbourhood and venture into the loneliness of interstellar space, according to data published on Thursday.
Last Updated: Friday, September 13, 2013, 16:14
US space agency NASA said Thursday that its Voyager 1 spacecraft has become the first man-made object to venture into interstellar space.
Last Updated: Friday, September 13, 2013, 16:00
Last Updated: Tuesday, August 27, 2013, 15:46
Saturn is certainly a ‘royal’ planet, adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets around it as its jewellery and hence is also nicknamed as “the jewel of the solar system.”
Last Updated: Friday, August 16, 2013, 12:42
NASA`s Voyager 1 spacecraft has already entered interstellar space, according to reports.
Last Updated: Friday, June 28, 2013, 09:47
NASA`s Voyager 1 has reached a strange new region at the outer reaches of the solar system, a new research has said, suggesting that it has entered interstellar space.
Last Updated: Wednesday, March 20, 2013, 23:34
Scientists on Wednesday claimed to have evidence that NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft has exited the solar system.
Last Updated: Tuesday, December 04, 2012, 15:53
NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft has entered a new region at the far reaches of our solar system that scientists refer to as a magnetic highway.
Last Updated: Tuesday, October 30, 2012, 19:44
A new study has analysed the magnetic field fluctuations and cosmic ray intensity observed by Voyager 1 in heliosheath, the bubble created by charged particles flowing outward from the Sun.
Last Updated: Tuesday, October 09, 2012, 20:02
Deep space probe Voyager 1 is revealing new signs that it may have exited our solar system, which would make it the first man-made object to reach deep space.
Last Updated: Wednesday, September 05, 2012, 10:25
On Wednesday, Voyager 1 will mark its 35th anniversary of launching to Jupiter and Saturn.
Last Updated: Saturday, August 04, 2012, 13:24
Two of three key signs of changes expected to oc |
English as a Lingua Franca: attitude and identity
This book explores attitudes related to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and the implications for student identities. In addition ways in which the problems can be addressed in teacher education | English as a Lingua Franca: attitude and identity
This book explores attitudes related to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) and the implications for student identities. In addition ways in which the problems can be addressed in teacher education are explored. English language materials and testing are discussed.
42 pages matching L2 English in this book
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ELF and standard language ideology
Previous research into ELF attitudes
6 other sections not shown
accent attitudes American English argues Australian English beliefs British Council British English Canadian English Chapter circle countries circle Englishes code-switching context contrast correct described discussion ELF accents ELF attitudes ELF communication ELF researchers ELF speakers ELF varieties English accents English language English speakers Euro-English example expanding circle fact Giles global Hong Kong English IATEFL ibid identity Indian English inner circle intelligibility interactions international language interview issue Japanese English Jenkins L2 English Language Teaching learners lingua franca linguistic native speaker native-like NNS accents NNS teachers NNSs non-native English NS norms NSs of English outer circle participants particular perspective pleasantness position proficiency pronunciation prosodic questionnaire referred respondents Seidlhofer social sociolinguistic sounds speak specifically spoken standard language ideology standard NS English teachers of English TESOL texts Trudgill understand users varieties of English words world Englishes |
Your assignment is to compose a well-developed, grammatically sound process essay or presentation, using only your knowledge – no research of any kind. Assignments will be due at the end of class April 17.
If you write an essay, | Your assignment is to compose a well-developed, grammatically sound process essay or presentation, using only your knowledge – no research of any kind. Assignments will be due at the end of class April 17.
If you write an essay, use MS Word to type a 400 - 800 word paper, double-spaced with 12 point font, one inch margins and appropriate MLA heading/running headers. Your paper may “look” very different than any previous essay in the course as a result of its organization and layout. Regardless, you must still use proper grammar/punctuation in your writing. You may also use illustrations to enhance your essay.
If you compose a presentation, use MS PowerPoint to create a title slide and 4-6 additional slides which deal with your topic. You will turn in a disk or cd with your presentation saved on it, and a printed copy of your slides (All slides printed on one page using the “print handouts” option will be best). Remember, when you use this type of presentation software, you must write in abbreviated fashion, highlighting key points and instructions. Even so, you must also use complete sentences and proper grammar/punctuation throughout. You may also use well-chosen clip art or images to enhance your presentation. If you are not already familiar with the basics of PowerPoint, it might be wise to choose the essay option to avoid spending enormous time and effort learning software instead of dealing with process writing. You may use PowerPoint to view this example of a student’s process assignment.
1 – Explain to a new employee how to do your job.
2 – Explain the process of an active hobby (i.e. photography, stamp collecting, harmonica, etc – as opposed to watching televi |
||It has been suggested that this article be merged into Delirium. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2013.|
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, noun of action from confundere " | ||It has been suggested that this article be merged into Delirium. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2013.|
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, noun of action from confundere "to pour together", or "to mingle together" also "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something:
"Acute Mental Confusion" is used interchangeably with Delirium in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and Medical Subject Headings to describe a pathological degree in which it usually refers to loss of orientation (ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time, location, and/or personal identity) sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness and often memory (ability to correctly recall previous events or learn new material). Confusion as such is not synonymous with inability to focus attention, although severe inability to focus attention can cause, or greatly contribute to, confusion. Together, confusion and inability to focus attention (both of which affect judgment) are the twin symptoms of a loss or lack of normal brain function (cognition). The milder degrees of confusion as pathological symptoms are relative to previo |
Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory): Formal assessment of ability to smell is generally omitted, unless there is a specific complaint. If it is to be tested:
Each nostril should be checked separately. Push on the outside of | Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory): Formal assessment of ability to smell is generally omitted, unless there is a specific complaint. If it is to be tested:
Each nostril should be checked separately. Push on the outside of the nares, occluding the side that is not to be tested.
Have the patient close their eyes. Make sure that the patient is able to inhale and exhale through the open nostril.
Present a small test tube filled with something that has a distinct, common odor (e.g. ground coffee) to the open nostril. The patient should be able to correctly identify the smell.
If you wish to test olfaction and don't have any "substance filled tubes" use an alcohol pad as a screening test. Patients should be able to identify its distinctive odor from approximately 10 cm.
Alcohol Pad Sniff Test
Cranial Nerve 2 (Optic): This nerve carries visual impulses from the eye to the optical cortex of the brain by means of the optic tracts. Testing involves 3 phases (also covered in the section of this site dedicated to the Eye Exam):
Each eye is tested separately. If the patient uses glasses to view distant objects, they should be permitted to wear them (referred to as best corrected vision).
A Snellen Chart is the standard, wall mounted device used for this assessment. Patients are asked to read the letters or numbers on successively lower lines (each with smaller images) until you identify the last line which can be read with 100% accuracy. Each line has a fraction written next to it. 20/20 indicates normal vision. 20/400 means that the patient's vision 20 feet from an object is equivalent to that of a normal person viewing the same object from 400 feet. In other words, the larger the denominator, the worse the vision.
Snellen chart for measuring visual acuity
There are hand held cards that look like Snellen Charts but are positioned 14 inches from the patient. These are used simply for convenience. Testing and interpretation are as described for the Snellen.
Hand held visual acuity card
If neither chart is available and the patient has visual complaints, some attempt should be made to objectively measure visual acuity. This is a critically important reference point, particularly when trying to communicate the magnitude of a visual disturbance to a consulting physician. Can the patient read news print? The headline of a newspaper? Distinguish fingers or hand movement in front of their face? Detect light?Failure at each level correlates with a more severe problem.
Visual Field Testing: Specific areas of the retina receive input from precise areas of the visual field. This information is carried to the brain along well defined anatomic pathways. Holes in vision (referred to as visual field cuts) are caused by a disruption along any point in the path from the eyeball to the visual cortex of the brain. Visual fields can be crudely assessed as follows:
The examiner should be nose to nose with the patient, separated by approximately 8 to 12 inches.
Each eye is checked separately. The examiner closes one eye and the patient closes the one opposite. The open eyes should then be staring directly at one another.
The examiner should move their hand out towards the periphery of his/her visual field on the side where the eyes are open. The finger should be equidistant from both persons.
The examiner should then move the wiggling finger in towards them, along an imaginary line drawn between the two persons.The patient and examiner should detect the finger at more or less the same time.
The finger is then moved out to the diagonal corners of the field and moved inwards from each of these directions. Testing is then done starting at a point in front of the closed eyes. The wiggling finger is moved towards the open eyes.
The other eye is then tested.
Meaningful interpretation is predicated upon the examiner having normal fields, as they are using themselves for comparison.
If the examiner cannot seem to move their finger to a point that is outside the patient's field don't worry, as it simply means that their fields are normal.
Interpretation: This test is rather crude, and it is quite possible to have small visual field defects that would not be apparent on this type of testing. Prior to interpreting abnormal findings, the examiner must understand the normal pathways by which visual impulses travel from the eye to the brain.
Pupils: The pupil has afferent (sensory) nerves that travel with CN2. These nerves carry the impulse generated by the light back towards the brain. They function in concert with efferent (motor) |
Do Odor and Bacteria Go Hand-in-Hand?
You know how sneakers get during those hot summer months when you wear them all the time, sometimes without socks? They get kind of, well … stinky.
This is especially true if | Do Odor and Bacteria Go Hand-in-Hand?
You know how sneakers get during those hot summer months when you wear them all the time, sometimes without socks? They get kind of, well … stinky.
This is especially true if you get them wet in the creek one day and then forget to put them out in the sun so they dry properly. Damp, dirty sneakers can get really, well … stinky.
Does that smell, though, mean that your sneakers are filled with bacteria and are unsafe to wear?
In this experiment, you'll test your sneaks against some other, less smelly objects, to see if smell and bacteria might be related.
You'll need to get some petri dishes that contain nutrient agar before you begin your experiment. You can get these at a biological supply company, or your science teacher might be able to give you a few.
Round up some objects that you want to test, and the most stinky pair of sneakers you can find. Be sure to choose a variety of objects, such as the pencil you use to do your homework, the doorknob of your front door, the inside of your bathroom sink, and so on. Test as many places as you like, as long as you have a petri dish in which to transfer any bacteria you collect.
Bacteria are everywhere, from mountaintops to the bottom of the oceans. Bacteria, which is the plural for bacterium, have even been found in frozen rocks in Antarctica.
Be sure to record detailed observations about the objects you're testing, including the following:
Using a clean cotton swab, wipe the surface of the object you're testing, and then wipe the swab across the surface of the petri dish. Be sure to label each dish, so you know which object the sample was taken from.
Cover the dishes and put them in a warm, dark place where they won't be bothered. Check them twice a day—once in the morning and once at night—for a week, and record your observations about what's happening.
After a week, you'll be able to see which items you tested contained the most bacteria. Were they the dirtiest-looking items? The smelliest ones? Make a chart on which to record your findings, then be sure to dispose of the petri dishes properly. And, just a thought … if your sneakers turn out to be the vacation spot of the world for all kin |
The highest-resolution image of Earth ever made
This is the highest resolution image of Earth ever made, 121 megapixels. That’s an amazing 0.62 miles per pixel. It was taken by Russia’s latest weather satellite, the | The highest-resolution image of Earth ever made
This is the highest resolution image of Earth ever made, 121 megapixels. That’s an amazing 0.62 miles per pixel. It was taken by Russia’s latest weather satellite, the Electro-L, which is orbiting Earth on a geostationary orbit 36,000 kilometers above the equator, sending photographs of the entire planet every 30 minutes.
The image combines four light wavelengths, three visible and one infrared. The three reflected sunlight bands can simulate a conventional red-green-blue color picture. The near infrared channel (orange in the image) is |
Horsfield's fruit bats (Cynopterus horsfieldii) are found throughout peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia, southern Thailand and several islands in the Malay Archipelago including the Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java and B | Horsfield's fruit bats (Cynopterus horsfieldii) are found throughout peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia, southern Thailand and several islands in the Malay Archipelago including the Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java and Borneo) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok and Sumbawa). (Campbell and Kunz, 2006; Campbell, et al., 2006; Campbell, et al., 2007; Campbell, 2008; Funakoshi and Zubaid, 1997; Hodgkinson, et al., 2004; Lekagul and McNeely, 1977; Shmitt, et al., 1995; Tan, et al., 1999; Zubaid, et al., 2007)
Horsfield's fruit bats can be found in several differing habitats ranging from primary and secondary forests, rainforests, agricultural lands, parks, mangroves, limestone caves and gardens. They are commonly found within ecotonal areas, the transitional areas between forests and cultivated land. A study in Malaysia looked at the vertical stratification of fruit bats based on wing morphology, Horsfield's fruit bats were commonly captured in mist nets from 1 to 28 m. Researchers in this study predicted that Horsfield's fruit bats are more prevalent in the mid-storey airspace, which is classified as 10 to 20 m from the forest floor. A comparative study of roosting ecology found that Horsfield's fruit bats have the second highest roosting diversity of their genus. Their roosting sites are less than 5 m above ground and within 0.25 km of the forest. These bats are commonly found utilizing both unmodified and modified roosting sites and show no preference between the two, with harems found in both. A study examining coexistence in Malaysian fruit bats found Horsfield's fruit bats have a 71.2% habitat overlap with greater short-nosed fruit bats and 35.7% habitat overlap with lesser short-nosed fruit bats. (Campbell and Kunz, 2006; Campbell, et al., 2006; Campbell, et al., 2007; Campbell, 2008; Funakoshi and Zubaid, 1997; Hodgkinson, et al., 2004; Tan, et al., 1999; Vijaya, et al., 2012; Zubaid, et al., 2007)
Horsfield’s fruit bats, also known as larger dog-faced fruit bats or peg-toothed short-nosed fruit bats, are moderately sized, with an average mass of 57.9 g. Their larger size distinguishes them from lesser short-nosed fruit bats and greater short-nosed fruit bats. Another distinguishing characteristic of this species is the presence of peg-like cusps in their lower 3rd premolar and their 1st molar. Horsfield's fruit bats are described as having the heaviest dentition in their genus; they have 30 teeth, with a dental formula of 2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 1/2. These bats have a muzzle that is both short and broad, with tubular nostrils. They have relatively large eyes and oval shaped ears that measure 17 to 22 mm and lack a tragus. Their ears, as well as their wings, have a distinctive white colored margin. Horsfield's fruit bats also hav |
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ELECTRICAL INSPECTION, DIAGNOSIS, REPAIR
ACCURACY vs PRECISION of | Question? Just ask us!
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ELECTRICAL INSPECTION, DIAGNOSIS, REPAIR
ACCURACY vs PRECISION of MEASUREMENTS
AFCIs ARC FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS
ALUMINUM SECs & WIRING
ALUMINUM WIRING HAZARDS & REPAIRS
AMPS & VOLTS DETERMINATION
AMPACITY - the LIMITING FACTOR
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY RATINGS
BACKUP ELECTRICAL GENERATORS
BACK-WIRED ELECTRICAL DEVICES
BOOKSTORE - ELECTRICAL
BUILDING SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE
Cadet & Encore Heater Recall
CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE
CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE for A/C or HEAT PUMP
Classified CIRCUIT BREAKER WARNING
CORROSION in ELECTRICAL PANELS
CORROSION & MOISTURE SOURCES in PANELS
CUTLER HAMMER PANEL FIRE
DEFINITIONS of ELECTRICAL TERMS
DIRECTORY OF ELECTRICIANS
DMM Digital Multimeter HOW TO USE
ELECTRIC METERS & METER BASES
ELECTRIC MOTOR DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE
ELECTRIC MOTOR OVERLOAD RESET SWITCH
ELECTRIC PANEL AMPACITY
ELECTRIC PANEL INSPECTION
ELECTRIC PANEL MOISTURE
Electric Power Frequency Table
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION PANELS
ELECTRICAL GROUND SYSTEM INSPECTION
ELECTRICAL SERVICE DROP
ELECTRICAL SERVICE ENTRY WIRING
EMF RF FIELD & FREQUENCY DEFINITIONS
FEDERAL PACIFIC FPE HAZARDS
FIRE SAFETY Checklist, CPSC
GFCI PROTECTION,Testing GFCIs AFCIs
HEATING COST FUEL & BTU Cost Table
HEAT TAPE USAGE GUIDE
Hertz - Definitions of KHz MHz GHz THz
KNOB & TUBE WIRING
LIGHTING, EXTERIOR GUIDE
LIGHTING, INTERIOR GUIDE
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
LOW VOLTAGE BUILDING WIRING
LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TEST
MAIN DISCONNECT AMPACITY
MOISTURE SOURCES in PANELS
MURRAY SIEMENS Recall
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS
PUSHMATIC - BULLDOG PANELS
REMOTE ELECTRIC POWER, PHOTOVOLTAIC
RUST in ELECTRICAL PANELS
SAFETY for ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS
SE CABLE SIZES vs AMPS
SIEMENS MURRAY Recall
UNDERGROUND SERVICE LATERALS
VOLTS / AMPS MEASUREMENT EQUIP
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT METHODS
WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS
WIND TURBINES & LIGHTNING
ZINSCO SYLVANIA ELECTRICAL PANELS
Types of electrical receptacles: how to select the right type of electrical receptacle (outlet): it's important to use 20-A rated receptacles if the electrical circuit is a 20-amp circuit. Don't install a grounded electrical receptacle plug on a circuit that has no electrical ground. Remember to install AFCI or GFCI devices where they are required. This article explains how to match the receptacle type to the circuit type and use. This article series describes how to choose, locate, and wire an electrical receptacle in a home. Electrical receptacles (also called electrical outlets or "plugs" or "sockets") are simple devices that are easy to install, but there are details to get right if you want to be safe.
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The proper type of electrical receptacle must be selected: some receptacles are rated only for 15-Amp circuits and must not be installed on a 20-Amp circuit.
It's generally ok to plug a 15-A appliance into a 20-A circuit since that appliance is not going to overload the circuit in normal use. But the opposite is not true. If you plug a 20-Amp appliance into a 15-Amp circuit you are risking overloading the circuit and tripping the circuit breaker, blowing the fuse, or worse, overheating the circuit and risking a fire.
Below our photographs illustrate a 15-Amp grounded electrical (below left) and a 20-Amp grounded electrical receptacle (below right). You'll notice that the heavier-duty 20-Amp electrical receptacle has that T-slot at it's wider connection opening - an easy way to identify a wall receptacle rated for 20-Amps - provided that the receptacle was properly matched to the wire size and the circuit breaker or fuse size.
Details about how to wire up an electrical receptacle are at CONNECTION DETAILS - where to connect black, white, red, green, ground wires.
Older two-wire electrical circuits, such as the two circuits depicted at the right of our sketch above may provide only the hot and neutral wires and no ground wire.
If no ground wire or ground path is provided, it is improper and unsafe to install a grounding (3-prong) electrical receptacle on that circuit.
Our photo (left) shows a conventional grounded three-prong electrical receptacle - the round hole is the ground connection - at the left end of the picture closest to my thumb.
At right in the photo is an ungrounded electrical receptacle. This is the right device to install if no ground is present on the electrical circuit. You don't want to "fool" a building occupant into thinking that a ground is present when there is not one, so you don't install a receptacle that has that third ground opening in its face. Some older two-wire circuits which are covered with a flexible metal jacket ("BX" or "armored cable" wire) may provide a ground path by means of the cable jacket itself.
We don't rely on it, and in event of certain short circuits it's unsafe: the exposed metal sheathing of the wire becomes live, risking a shock.
Details about how to wire up an un-grounded receptacle are at CONNECTION for 2-WIRE RECEPTACLE CIRCUITS - no ground
The illustration at left shows the typical wiring of an electrical outlet or "receptacle", courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates.
Click any image to see an enlarged, detailed view of electrical wiring details for "plugs" or electrical receptacles.
Ground fault protection - GFCI's: The NEC also requires that only special ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protected outlets can be installed in certain hazardous locations like kitchens, baths, garages, outdoors. A GFCI-protected electrical receptacle includes circuitry that turns the electric power off at the outlet quickly should a ground-fault (electricity flowing to earth, such as through your hand and down a water pipe) be detected.
Arc fault protection - AFCI's: Beginning in |
Is an egg hatching? When mom stood-up a little after 7:00 pm on Sunday afternoon, it appeared that one of the eggs (the one closest to the camera) had a series of cracks around its circumference. It could also | Is an egg hatching? When mom stood-up a little after 7:00 pm on Sunday afternoon, it appeared that one of the eggs (the one closest to the camera) had a series of cracks around its circumference. It could also have been shadow or distortions from the resolution of the camera. However they are due, so maybe the big moment has arrived. The chick will first break into an air chamber located at the tip of the egg and take its first real breaths. After that it will puncture the shell with its beak in a process known as "pipping." It will then slowly....very slowly....work its way around the circumference of the egg, repeatedly piercing the shell with its beak until it can break free. Remember that this chick has only been in existence for 3o some odd days and this is a lot of work!
To the "very curious" kids at Westridge 3/4, the parents do sometimes help the chick emerge, but mostly they just keep it warm and let it do the work itself. The reason is that hatching is a very fragile process. The chick is still connected to the egg membrane and the chicks blood it flowing through the membrane., As it makes tiny punctures, the blood supply is slowly cut off. However of a parent (or a human in the case of captive rearing) gets involved, it is very easy to accidental puncture a blood vessel and cause the chick to bleed to death.
For those who are worried about the late hatch, remember that predicting hatch is not an exact science. There are many factors that can delay hatch including cold weather and gaps in incubation. The eggs are still well within the normal range.
See for yourselves if you think the front egg is hatching. This picture was taken at 7:15 on Sunday night. |
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009)|
A barbell is a piece of exercise equipment used in weight training, weight lifting and powerlifting. Barbells range in length from 4 feet (1.2 | |This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009)|
A barbell is a piece of exercise equipment used in weight training, weight lifting and powerlifting. Barbells range in length from 4 feet (1.2 m) to above 8 feet (2.4 m), although there are bars longer than 2.2 metres (7.2 ft) that are used primarily by power lifters and aren't commonplace. The central portion of the bar varies in diameter from 25 millimetres (0.98 in) to 2 inches (51 mm) (eg. Apollon's Axle), and is often engraved with a knurled crosshatch pattern to help lifters maintain a solid grip. Disc weights (plates) are slid onto the outer portions of the bar to increase or decrease the desired total weight. These weights are often secured with collars to prevent them from sliding off during the exercise, which can result in injuries, or flinging the unevenly-loaded barbell through the air.
A men's Olympic bar is a metal bar that is 2.2 metres (7.2 ft) long and weighs 20 kilograms (44 lb). The outer ends are 50 millimetres (2.0 in) in diameter, while the grip section is 28 millimetres (1.1 in) in diameter, and 1.31 metres (4.3 ft) in length. The bars have grip marks spaced 910 millimetres (36 in) apart to allow intuitive grip width measurement. It is the standard used in competitive weightlifting where men and women compete at the highest level - the Commonwealth Games, Pan-American Games, World Championships, and the Olympics. Bar of this kind must have suitable "whip" (ability to store elastic energy), sleeves which rotate smoothly, as well as capacity to withstand multiple dropped lifts from overhead.
Powerlifting requires use of stiffer bars to better accommodate the heavier weights being used in the sport (particularly in the squat). These bars can be longer (to allow loading of more plates) and thicker (to deform less under load, with exception being longer, but thinner, flexible deadlift only dedicated bars). Sleeves do not need to rotate as fast as in Olympic weightlifting dedicated bars, so usually simpler, robust bushings are used (which historically was traditional design of most Olympic weightlifting bars too) in place of more complicated, almost frictionless, modern needle bearings. Additionally, powerlifting bars have their grip marks spaced closer, at 810 millimetres (32 in). This closer spacing is used to check legal grip width in the bench press.
The International Powerlifting Federation requires using the same kind of bar on all lifts, being between 28 millimetres (1.1 in) and 29 millimetres (1.1 in) in diameter, not more than 2.2 metres (7.2 ft) in overall length, and between 1.31 metres (4.3 ft) and 1.32 metres (4.3 ft) between the inner faces of the collars. Another visual difference from typical Olympic bar or IPC approved one is that the IPF bar's knurling shall not be covered by chrome. Stating that bar should weigh 25 kg (55 lb) with collars on, effectively permits use of 20 kg (44 lb) bars only, because same as IWF, IPF requires collars to weigh 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) each.
The total weight of the barbell varies based on the type and number of plates loaded onto the ends of the bar and the lift being performed, and easily can be as much as over 540 kilograms (1,200 lb) with squat dedicated bar (which itself can weigh up to 65 lb (29 kg) and have up |
|Atmospheric chemistry (category)|
|Tropical cyclone (category)|
|Global warming (category) · (portal)|
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades | |Atmospheric chemistry (category)|
|Tropical cyclone (category)|
|Global warming (category) · (portal)|
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as "global warming".
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models. A climate record — extending deep into the Earth's past — has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
- 1 Terminology
- 2 Causes
- 3 Physical evidence for and examples of climatic change
- 4 See also
- 5 Notes
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Niño, do not represent climate change.
The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels will affect.
On the broadest scale, the rate at which energy is received from the sun and the rate at which it is lost to space determine the equilibrium temperature and climate of Earth. This energy is distributed around the globe by winds, ocean currents, and other mechanisms to affect the climates of different regions.
Factors that can shape climate are called climate forcings or "forcing mechanisms". These include processes such as variations in solar radiation, variations in the Earth's orbit, mountain-building and continental drift and changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. There are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish the initial forcing. Some parts of the climate system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond slowly in reaction to climate forcings, while others respond more quickly.
Forcing mechanisms can be either "internal" or "external". Internal forcing mechanisms are natural processes within the climate system itself (e.g., the thermohaline circulation). External forcing mechanisms can be either natural (e.g., changes in solar output) or anthropogenic (e.g., increased emissions of greenhouse gases).
Whether the initial forcing mechanism is internal or external, the response of the climate system might be fast (e.g., a sudden cooling due to airborne volcanic ash reflecting sunlight), slow (e.g. thermal expansion of warming ocean water), or a combination (e.g., sudden loss of albedo in the arctic ocean as sea ice melts, followed by more gradual thermal expansion of the water). Therefore, the climate system can respond abruptly, but the full response to forcing mechanisms might not be fully developed for centuries or even longer.
Internal forcing mechanisms
Natural changes in the components of Earth's climate system and their interactions are the cause of internal climate variability, or "internal forcings." Scientists generally define the five components of earth's climate system to include atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere (restricted to the surface soils, rocks, and sediments), and biosphere.
The ocean is a fundamental part of the climate system, some changes in it occurring at longer timescales than in the atmosphere, massing hundreds of times more and having very high thermal inertia (such as the ocean depths still lagging today in temperature adjustment from the Little Ice Age).[clarification needed]
Short-term fluctuations (years to a few decades) such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Pacific decadal oscillation, the North Atlantic oscillation, and the Arctic oscillation, represent climate variability rather than climate change. On longer time scales, alterations to ocean processes such as thermohaline circulation play a key role in redistributing heat by carrying out a very slow and extremely deep movement of water and the long-term redistribution of heat in the world's oceans.
Life affects climate through its role in the carbon and water cycles and |
Lawn and garden fertilizers provide nutrients that may not be
supplied by the soil. But excess nitrogen and phosphorus in
fertilizers can be a huge source of water pollution.
Here are some easy ways to add nutrients to your | Lawn and garden fertilizers provide nutrients that may not be
supplied by the soil. But excess nitrogen and phosphorus in
fertilizers can be a huge source of water pollution.
Here are some easy ways to add nutrients to your soil that are safe for the environment.
- Grow Smart, Grow Safe is an environmental rating system for commercial lawn and garden products. It rates 350 lawn and garden products, including 24 commercially available lawn fertilizers. Learn how slow-release fertilizers can help protect water quality. Grow Smart, Grow Safe lists the
percentage of slow-release nutrients in lawn and garden fertilizers. (See Shop for This Guide, below.)
- Build good soil. Healthy soil, rich in organic matter, grows healthier plants and reduces the need for additional fertilizers. Add compost to your soil to improve soil quality and increase populations of beneficial organisms.
- Make your own organic fertilizer. Using ingredients found at most garden stores, this book offers an easy-to-make organic fertilizer. |
Beware a single espresso: Just one caffeine-packed cup can slow the blood flow to your heart
'Unfavourable effects': An espresso can slow the flow of blood to your heart, researchers found
It may be the perfect morning pick | Beware a single espresso: Just one caffeine-packed cup can slow the blood flow to your heart
'Unfavourable effects': An espresso can slow the flow of blood to your heart, researchers found
It may be the perfect morning pick-me-up. But a single espresso could be bad for your heart, research suggests.
Just one cup of the caffeine-laden drink cut blood flow to the heart by more than a fifth, a study found.
Decaffeinated coffee, in contrast, boosted blood flow.
The researchers said the high amount of caffeine found in a single espresso had 'unfavourable cardiovascular effects'.
The popularity of such drinks has risen sharply, in line with the greater variety of coffees on offer.
But there have been concerns about the consequences of drinking too many at one time, with the Department of Health advising us not to have more than five a day.
A single espresso contains up to 130milligrammes of caffeine, compared to 75mg in a cup of instant. Filter coffee contains around 120mg per cup.
The Italian researchers from the University of Palermo examined the blood flow of 20 adults who drank a single espresso, compared to a decaffeinated alternative.
The caffeinated variety narrowed blood vessels, cutting blood flow to the heart by an average of 22 per cent within an hour, the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition reports. This is because caffeine acts to block a chemical which keeps blood vessels expanded.
But when the volunteers drank a decaf espresso, the flow improved slightly. Blood pressure also rose significantly after a normal espresso but not a decaf.
The researchers said the benefits of the caffeinefree drink could be because of the healthboosting anti-oxidants in coffee. These benefits would be more than cancelled out in the short-term by the large amounts of caffeine in the normal espresso.
But in the long-term the anti-oxidants might win out, explaining why other studies have found that regular coffee drinkers have a lower risk of heart problems and diabetes.
The researchers wrote: 'A possible explanation for this "coffee paradox" is related to both the caffeine and anti- oxidant content in coffee, as the latter-may be efficacious in the longterm, whereas the former may have more immediate effects.
'Understanding the potential biological effects of coffee may have important public health implications.'
In 2007, experts issued an alert after 17-year-old Jasmine Willis, from County Durham, was taken to hospital with a racing heart, fever and hyperventilation after drinking seven double espressos.
Dr Euan Paul, of the British Coffee Association, said: 'It is important to note that this pilot study was only conducted in 20 people and that caffeine can affect individuals very differently.
'The overwhelming evidence shows that when consumed in moderation - 400-500mg of caffeine per day, the equivalent of approximate |
The Peoples of the World Foundation
Education for and about Indigenous Peoples
The Mnong People
Countries inhabited: Cambodia, Vietnam, USA
Language family: Austroasiatic
Language branch: Mon-Khmer
All proceeds are used to | The Peoples of the World Foundation
Education for and about Indigenous Peoples
The Mnong People
Countries inhabited: Cambodia, Vietnam, USA
Language family: Austroasiatic
Language branch: Mon-Khmer
All proceeds are used to fund our indigenous education programs.
Please click on a photograph to see whether it is still available.
A larger, higher-quality image of the photograph will be shown along with our online donation form.
Please contact us for commercial licensing or non commercial use of the material on this page.
The Mnong are featured in our documentary, Peoples of the World: Southeast Asia.
The Mnong comprise around 67,000 people in Vietnam's Central Highlands and around 20,000 in Cambodia's Mondolkiri Province (with a handful of families living in its Northern provincial neighbor, Ratanakiri). Although these two populations belong in the same ethnolinguistic classification, each of their dialects is not understood by the other. Nor would it be if it were written: literacy is just beginning to reach the Mnong in Cambodia — a fascinating story by itself and told further down this page. Mnong literacy in Vietnam is also relatively recent. The Mnong language was studied extensively by the linguist Richard Phillips in the early 1970s.
Once a part of the mighty Kingdom of Champa, which ruled this part of the world between the second and fifteenth centuries, the Mnong today are the ruled instead of the ruler. This change has had psychological effects, since the ownership and ruling of land plays a strong role in Mnong cultural heritage. Their rulers, in various forms, have included French colonialists (in both Vietnam and Cambodia), the US military (in Vietnam) and, most recently, the Khmer (in Cambodia) and the Viet (in Vietnam). Many Mnong villages have been displaced over the years by this turn in fortune, resulting in loss of land, livestock and other wealth. The Mnong are one of the groups recently (June, 2002) repatriated to the USA as political asylum seekers following protests at their treatment by their Viet rulers. They live a subsistence, agrarian life in which they are self-sufficient in food, growing mainly dry rice, corn, sweet potatoes, watermelon and cassava, yet they sell little produce. Recently the Mnong in Vietnam have cultivated coffee also, mainly as a cash crop. Traditionally semi-nomadic, slash-and-burn farmers, Vietnamese policy has made the Mnong sedentary in that country while, in Cambodia, UN- and NGO-funded programs are teaching them more sustainable approaches to agriculture.
The Mnong are notable for many reasons. Whereas most peoples in this part of the world abandoned domestication of elephant after very few attempts, the Mnong have been successful at it. They also hunt elephant, another rare practice in Southeast Asia. (Cambodia is currently believed to have only a few hundred wild elephant left.) Snake is also commonly hunted but sold more often than eaten by the Mnong. They are also the originators of one of the world's oldest musical instruments — the lithophone. Made of stone this instrument resembles a xylophone and is played only during certain ceremonies. It is believed to be five thousand years old!
My own time spent with the Mnong has been notable for many reasons also. The first reason has to do with the factors behind an important cultural landmark for the Mnong in Cambodia, namely the development of literacy. Until very recently the Mnong in Cambodia were a pre-literate people. Literacy had been brought to their cousins in Vietnam by Christian missionaries many years earlier. It took catastrophic world events and the ability of one man to foresee those events, to import that literacy to the Mnong in Cambodia.
In 1970 Mali and his wife, Troop, pictured right with their children, realized that the political instability and the uprising of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia posed to them a serious threat. Despite the danger of fleeing to Vietnam at that time (many people were trying to flee Vietnam for Cambodia!), they left their village to take their chances there. It would be eighteen years before they returned. During that time they met an American Christian missionary who had learned the Mnong language and had developed a writing system for it, based on modern Vietnamese script. Through this missionary Mali learned to read and write in his own language for the first time. When he returned to Cambodia in 1986, Mali brought with him not only Christianity, but also hymn books, prayer books and portions of the New Testament. It was the first time the Mnong in Cambodia had seen their language written down.
Mali spent the next few years teaching literacy in his village and in a few villages close by. Soon after his return Cambodia became relatively more safe because of the political stability that came from the so-called democratic election of Hun Sen's western- and UN-backed regime. When news of his teaching filtered to Phnom Penh the "unofficial" reaction was to discourage it since the adoption of the Roman alphabet threatened the official national alphabet of Khmer. (The political reality was that a departure from Khmer script might put the Mnong closer to independence from their Khmer rulers.) Today a cooperative effort |
London, 23rd February 2012. Changing lifestyles, hectic day-to-day activities and unhealthy eating habits have been on the rise over the last decade, directly impacting the health of every individual. These trends prevail in varied proportions across the entire | London, 23rd February 2012. Changing lifestyles, hectic day-to-day activities and unhealthy eating habits have been on the rise over the last decade, directly impacting the health of every individual. These trends prevail in varied proportions across the entire global population. Additionally, the strong prevalence of unhealthy conditions like obesity gives rise to several health-related complications. All these factors directly contribute toward the rise in drug discoveries.
They key to developing a drug is to essentially understand the nature of the disease for which it is being developed, disease symptoms and its reaction to chemical compounds present. The process is time-consuming and expensive; however, it is the first step toward drug discovery.
“Over the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have made tremendous progress in presenting drugs for the treatment of coronary heart disease, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and hypertension,” explains Deepika Pramod Chopda, Research Associate at Frost & Sullivan. “According to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufactures of America (PhRMA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), around 300 different drugs across the aforementioned categories have been developed.”
Innovative drug therapies, combination drugs and improvised drug delivery mechanisms form the basis of most of the new research in this disease category. In recent times, researchers have been concentrating on understanding a diseased cardiovascular condition from a molecular level. Genomics, proteomics and the use of computational power represent new ways of understanding unhealthy conditions.
New drugs are aimed at treating existing disease symptoms besides preventing new cardiovascular disorders. Improvised technologies and innovative scientific approaches have been extensively employed in developing new products. Screening tools have extensively been developed to enable research to perform work in a short span of time.
The rise in the number of therapy options reflects the developments made in the entire cardiovascular segment. An increase in the number of orphan drug approvals has also been observed in the recent past. These achievements are made by the tremendous backing of the advances in science and technologies. Significant developments in the field of molecular genetics and advancements in the stem cell space have created opportunities to explore the rare and complicated conditions of this therapeutic segment.
Growing investments in research and development by a large number of organisations have further helped in the introduction of new treatment products. Innovative concepts acquired from the field of life sciences, like the use of molecular antibodies, have led to the use of live cells for therapies. The concept of combining biology with pharmaceuticals, as practised by biopharmaceutical companies, has been on the rise as a measure to generate new and improvised treatment alternatives. Technologies are also being developed to use automation and robotics for new drug identification.
For the population at large, a strong understanding of the prescribed treatment methods, and adherence to the same, will serve as potential lifesavers. Enhanced awareness also helps patients reduce the odds of experiencing life-threatening situations by taking the necessary precautions. “In addition to the aforementioned efforts, the importance of following and completing the course of treatment is equally essential,” concludes Deepika Pramod Chopda. “The rise in awareness will help in improving the quality of care and precautions to be taken for cardiovascular diseases.”
If you would like to know more about Cardiovascular Drug-Discoveries, please send an email with your full contact details to Janique Morvan, Corporate Communications, at [email protected].
About Frost & Sullivan
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Fujitsu Laboratories claims to have developed a new software-only version of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that has already achieved a “throughput increase of over 30 times” during simulated file transfers between Japan and the USA and it also improves | Fujitsu Laboratories claims to have developed a new software-only version of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) that has already achieved a “throughput increase of over 30 times” during simulated file transfers between Japan and the USA and it also improves latency (i.e. better ping times).
The standard TCP protocol, which practically everybody uses alongside an Internet Protocol (IP) address, often without even realising, was designed for the internet to help get data from one network device to another. Sadly TCP is old and its ability to adapt when congestion strikes at choke points on a network is somewhat limited.
By comparison the new method, which we’ll call Fujitsu TCP (FTCP) because they haven’t actually told us what it’s called, appears to take a leaf out of TCP’s cousin – the User Datagram Protocol. UDP performs a similar task to TCP but it lacks some of the error checking and correction, which in some respects makes it faster but also doesn’t guarantee data delivery (e.g. fast-paced multiplayer games often use UDP because it’s less prone to high latency).
Explanation of the New FTCP
Fujitsu has developed a new protocol that incorporates a proprietarily developed and efficient retransmission method based on UDP, a protocol optimized for delivering streaming media. As a result, the new protocol is able to reduce latency resulting from data retransmission when packet loss occurs.
The protocol can quickly distinguish between lost packets and packets that have not yet arrived at their destination, thereby preventing unnecessary retransmissions and latency from occurring.
By incorporating the new protocol as a software add-on to UDP, it is possible to maintain the high speeds typical of UDP while avoiding packet loss and packets being sen |
La Electricidad/Electricity (Libros De Energia Para Madrugadores/Early Bird Energy) (Spanish Edition)
Where does electricity come from? How does it make a computer run or a light bulb shine? Electricity is a form of | La Electricidad/Electricity (Libros De Energia Para Madrugadores/Early Bird Energy) (Spanish Edition)
Where does electricity come from? How does it make a computer run or a light bulb shine? Electricity is a form of energy that can be used in many ways. Starting with the tiny particles that make up atoms?electrons, protons, and neutrons?this book highlights the basics of how electricity works and furthers understanding through a series of easy-to-do experiments.
|Binding||Library Binding (2 editions)|
|# of Pages||48|
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Sources of Preservation Information
Library of Congress
The Preservation Directorate has a strong outreach program and provides information about preservation to the Congress, government agencies, other libraries, both national and international, and to the general public. The Preservation Directorate answers questions about | Sources of Preservation Information
Library of Congress
The Preservation Directorate has a strong outreach program and provides information about preservation to the Congress, government agencies, other libraries, both national and international, and to the general public. The Preservation Directorate answers questions about preservation through the Library of Congress Ask A Librarian service.
Alliance for Preservation (RAP)
The Regional Alliance for Preservation (RAP) provides information and resources on preservation and conservation for cultural institutions and the public throughout the United States. RAP member organizations are located throughout the United States and have pooled their resources to provide a comprehensive network of services to assist museums, libraries, and archives with their conservation and preservation needs.
on Library and Information Resources (CLIR)
Through publications, projects, and programs, CLIR works to maintain and improve access to information for generations to come. In partnership with other institutions, CLIR helps create services that expand the concept of "library" and supports the providers and preservers of information. Many CLIR publications focus on preservation issues.
Conservation Institute (CCI)
CCI promotes the proper care and preservation of Canada's cultural heritage and advances the practice, science, and technology of conservation. CCI Publications include newsletters, leaflets, and technical bulletins. CCI also maintains the Conservation Information Database.
CoOL, a project of the Preservation Department of Stanford University Libraries and Academic Information Resources, is a full text library of conservation information, covering a wide spectrum of topics of interest to those involved with the conservation of library, archives and museum materials.
Last Updated: 11/13/2013 |
No indication is given as to his origin, and he appears in the narrative for the first time when David is contemplating the erection of a house to the Lord (2 Samuel 7). He assures the monarch of the Lord's support and of the | No indication is given as to his origin, and he appears in the narrative for the first time when David is contemplating the erection of a house to the Lord (2 Samuel 7). He assures the monarch of the Lord's support and of the divinely ordained establishment of his kingdom for |
Many teachers believe that real animals in the classroom can enrich a child’s educational experience. Experts agree that many students that enter the first grade can play a video game but very few have a pet to play with. The only problem is the cost involved | Many teachers believe that real animals in the classroom can enrich a child’s educational experience. Experts agree that many students that enter the first grade can play a video game but very few have a pet to play with. The only problem is the cost involved is usually shouldered by the teacher.
Educators like Dawn Slinger of Framingham, Minnesota, believe in having animals in the classroom and have paid for them out of her own pocket for over 25 years. Slinger believes it is worth cost for the benefits to her students. Parents tell her their children are inspired by the animals and are excited about learning, she said.
The kind of pets to include in the classroom and curriculum ultimately rests with the teacher. Slinger chooses her pets based on how fascinated the children are with the pet and if the pets are even tempered. Also, she makes sure they won’t bother students with allergies or asthma.
Until recently there has been no financial help. However, two years ago a project was formed called Pets in the Classroom, a Maryland based nonprofit foundation know as the Pet Care Trust began offering grants to schools in Canada and the U.S, to help teachers like Slinger in grades one through eight. The grant money can be used to buy food, cages, supplies and the pets themselves.
Grants in the amount of $150 help to cover some of the costs currently shouldered by many teachers like Slinger. Pet Care Trust started the program five years ago as a joint venture with the Aquarium in Tampa.
Out of the 26 students in Slingers class last year “maybe six will have pets at home, usually a cat or dog. Not many will have reptiles.” Since taking her class, “several students have gotten hermit crabs or fish for their houses. One got a lizard and one is working on a snake.”
Slinger has built her lessons around the animals which include two miniature Russian tortoises, a fire-belly newt, tree frogs, three types of gecko, several hermit crabs, two small ball pythons, a corn snake and a 45 gallon fish tank. At the end of each year her student’s work becomes a book they can keep along with the memories. |
Most poor households in Bangladesh see women's work as no more than an economic necessity.
"My wife has to work, not because it is desirable but because it is necessary," explains 65-year-old Hafizar. "I have too many children | Most poor households in Bangladesh see women's work as no more than an economic necessity.
"My wife has to work, not because it is desirable but because it is necessary," explains 65-year-old Hafizar. "I have too many children to feed." Many of the aparajitas also admit that they would not work unless they had to.
While necessity has bred substantial changes in the lives of women in rural Bangladesh, it also raises questions about the value of economic empowerment.
According to a 2006 World Bank report, "gender equality is smart economics". The argument suggests that governments should invest in women and girls in order to get greater economic and social productivity. It reflects a broader shift towards market-based approaches to women's empowerment.
Unsurprisingly, this approach has also gained traction in the sphere of corporate social responsibility. In 2009, Unifem and the United Nations Global Compact outlined the business case for gender equality in the Women's Economic Empowerment Principles.
"Unless we can make the business case for sustainable development, it will never be part of a company's core programme," says Asif Ahmed of CARE Bangladesh.
CARE even recently released a report outlining the economic cost of domestic violence to Bangladeshi society. But many women's activists want the language of rights re-injected into the discourse.
"There is a great need now for feminist consciousness to animate [NGO] programmes," says Professor Firdous Azim, from Brac University. "Otherwise, what we are getting is perhaps an improvement in the conditions of women, but very little change in their status and position in the family and community." |
The Problem Solving and Communication Activity Series Look at Cases
Look at Cases
Cases is an unfamiliar strategy for many students, but it's an important way to analyze problems. Looking at cases can help break a tough problem into manageable parts, or | The Problem Solving and Communication Activity Series Look at Cases
Look at Cases
Cases is an unfamiliar strategy for many students, but it's an important way to analyze problems. Looking at cases can help break a tough problem into manageable parts, or help confirm if a solution is general enough to work in every case.
Because it's an unfamiliar strategy, we've offered a list of cases that mathematical objects often come in, and offered activities to help students explore those different cases.
The Strategy Examples documents linked from these problems contain examples of what students could do with the activities. You need a Class Membership or higher to access Library problems.
Learn more about the different membership options. |
Speaking Frames: How to Teach Talk for Writing: Ages 10-14
By Sue Palmer
Routledge – 2011 – 100 pages
Now revised and expanded Speaking Frames: How to Teaching Talk for Writing: Ages 10 | Speaking Frames: How to Teach Talk for Writing: Ages 10-14
By Sue Palmer
Routledge – 2011 – 100 pages
Now revised and expanded Speaking Frames: How to Teaching Talk for Writing: Ages 10-14 brings together material from Sue Palmer’s popular Speaking Frames books with additional material covering the primary/secondary transition. Providing an innovative and effective answer to the problem of teaching speaking and listening, this book offers a range of speaking frames for children to orally ‘fill in’, developing their language patterns and creativity, 'and boosting their confidence in the use of literate language patterns. Fully updated, this book offers:
With a wealth of photocopiable sheets and creative ideas for speaking and listening, Speaking Frames: How to Teaching Talk for Writing: Ages 10-14 is essential reading for all practising, trainee and recently qualified teachers who wish to develop effective speaking and listening in their classroom.
Introducing Speaking Frames Paired Presentations Individual Presentations Group Presentations Signpost Smorgasbord Appendix: Learning, language and literacy across the curriculum
Sue Palmer is a wri |
Allergy sufferers can rejoice! No more red, itchy eyes! No more sneezing and wheezing! They can say good bye to pollen, the culprit behind all the allergies. At least for a new variety of geranium, | Allergy sufferers can rejoice! No more red, itchy eyes! No more sneezing and wheezing! They can say good bye to pollen, the culprit behind all the allergies. At least for a new variety of geranium, anyways. Scientists from the University of Plant and Cellular Biology in Valencia, Spain have created pollen-free geraniums.
Cultivating and breeding geraniums isn’t anything new. Gardeners have been doing it since the 17th century. The pollen-free flowers were a result of genetic modification. Scientists used GM technology to introduce 2 new genes into the species. One gene destroyed the pollen-producing part of the flower head and the other one increased the production of an anti-aging hormone.
As a result, they have created a geranium that’s longer lasting and pollen free! The GM geranium have smaller blooms and leaves than the average geranium. But the colours were brighter and the leaves lived three times longer than usual. This is also good news for gardeners who want to enjoy their flowers as long as possible.
At this time, geraniums were the only flowers that were used in this experiment. But with the success of this technology, other flowers could benefit from the same application, especially high-pollen producing flowers like lilies.
News source: DeccanHerald.com |
Remember the good old days of reading textbooks in school and taking notes from a chalkboard? Yeah, neither do we.
PBS Learning Media, in preparation for Digital Learning Day on Wednesday, Feb. 6, conducted a national survey of pre-K | Remember the good old days of reading textbooks in school and taking notes from a chalkboard? Yeah, neither do we.
PBS Learning Media, in preparation for Digital Learning Day on Wednesday, Feb. 6, conducted a national survey of pre-K to 12th grade teachers to find out how many incorporate technology into their day-to-day classroom activities.
According to a press release, close to 74% of all teachers surveyed said they use digital resources — tablets, computers — to expand and reinforce on content in their classrooms.
Among the other highlights: 69% of those surveyed said educational technology helps them “do much more than ever before” for their students, with the most commonly used resources being online lesson plans, interactive web games and online articles.
More than one-third said they use a tablet or e-reader in their classrooms — up from 20% last year.
Take a look at the graphic below to see the rest of the results. What do you think of increased technology use in today's classrooms? |
The Antiproton Cell Experiment (ACE) started in 2003. It aims to assess fully the effectiveness and suitability of antiprotons for cancer therapy. The experiment brings together a team of experts in physics, biology and medicine from 10 | The Antiproton Cell Experiment (ACE) started in 2003. It aims to assess fully the effectiveness and suitability of antiprotons for cancer therapy. The experiment brings together a team of experts in physics, biology and medicine from 10 institutes around the world who are the first to study the biological effects of antiprotons.
To date, particle-beam therapy has used mainly protons to destroy cancer cells. The particles are sent into a patient’s body with a pre-determined amount of energy, just enough that they stop when they reach the specific depth of a tumour. When such a beam of heavy, charged particles enters a human body, it initially inflicts very little damage. Only in the last few millimetres of the journey, as the beam ends its gradual slow-down and comes to an abrupt stop does significant damage occur. Unfortunately, although the beam destroys the cancer it does affect healthy cells along its path, so the damage to healthy tissues increases with repeat treatments.
The ACE experiment is testing the idea of using antiprotons as an alternative treatment, by directly comparing the effectiveness of cell |
Farming may not come to mind when you think of Alaska, known more for its steep peaks than flat fields. But hundreds of farms in the state trudge through a four-month growing season, fighting hostile weather and steep transportation costs. Alaska farmers | Farming may not come to mind when you think of Alaska, known more for its steep peaks than flat fields. But hundreds of farms in the state trudge through a four-month growing season, fighting hostile weather and steep transportation costs. Alaska farmers practice patience: the ground must thaw before seeds can be planted. Most years, the transition from winter to spring is well underway by mid-May. But cold weather and a late winter are delaying Alaska's already-short growing season. Farmers have no choice but to wait to seed various crops until frozen topsoil thaws.
Arthur Keyes, owner and operator of Glacial Valley Farm in the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, planned to start seeding a fraction of his farm’s acreage this weekend -- hopefully. The farm grows fruits and vegetables generally suitable for warmer climates, like strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers. This year, he’s nearly two weeks behind schedule.
Mat-Su farmers, as well as agricultural operations in Interior Alaska, are used to preparing their crops by May 1. For Keyes and others, that wasn’t possible this year; as of Tuesday, he hadn’t used his tractor on the farm’s three acres.
The problem is mud, he said. Spring breakup, when warmer temperatures, longer days and melting snow causes ice to break apart and float down Alaska rivers, create a temporary mires on farmlands. To start the season, farmers must wait until the snow melts, and when the white stuff disappears it creates mud galore. Then, the soft, watery fields solidify as soil thaws.
“Usually, we would’ve had a bunch of mud sitting on top of the frost back at the end of April,” Keyes said, “And this year it just hasn’t happened on schedule, so welcome to Alaska, huh?”
The Mat-Su is Alaska’s bread basket. Back in 2007, when the Department of Agriculture conducted its most recent nationwide census of agriculture, the area just north of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, contained 278 farms. At that time, croplands made up about 44 percent of the area’s farms, and dairy farms made up about 14 percent. But the Matanuska Maid Dairy was still in business. Statewide, there were 686 farms totaling 881,585 acres.
Despite the hostile climate and small, competitive market, Keyes said he’s optimistic about the rest of the season. Before the snow came Friday across parts of Southcentral Alaska, he was hoping to seed on an elevated portion of his farmlands, which stretches about half an acre. Because Alaska’s climate makes it harder to grow the warm-weather crops like strawberries, the work is labor intensive, requiring a watchful eye and long days. He’ll work the elevated land over the next week while the remaining acres thaw, he said.
But the late season start failed to stop all of Keyes’ sales. On Sunday, he’ll be selling cucumbers, which he grows in a 3,800 square foot greenhouse, as well as lettuce and sprouts with a fellow farmer at the South Anchorage farmer’s market.
It’s too early to tell if most farmers will experience a lackluster season, said Danny Consenstein, who as the executive director for the Alaska Farm Service Agency spends his days speaking with farmers. The season could be fine -- warm temperatures, sunny days, balanced precipitation that result in high yields -- but business largely depends on unpredictable weather.
Produce and grain, as well as hay farmers are managing lands that are too wet, too muddy, Consenstein said. Livestock farmers are feeding their animals when they should be grazing. That’s increasing farmers’ costs, he said.
Alaska’s questionable season opener comes one year after a nationwide drought, the worst in at least 25 years, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The 2012 drought destroyed or damaged portions of major field crops in the Midwest, particularly field corn and soybeans, which led to increases in the farm prices of corn, soybeans and other field crops.
Located in Interior Alaska, Wrigley Farms of Delta Junction, population 972, has yet to plant seeds. Wrigley grows grain, barely and some dry-soil peas for animal feed. It also ope |
qPCR : why substracting CT values instead of dividing?
Posted 01 August 2012 - 05:09 PM
Why do we substract the CT value of the control from the GOI one instead of divding like you | qPCR : why substracting CT values instead of dividing?
Posted 01 August 2012 - 05:09 PM
Why do we substract the CT value of the control from the GOI one instead of divding like you do for quantitating WB? I heard it's because CT values are exponential values :
first : i don't know why they are exponential values since they are just the number of cycle necessary to reach exponential phase
second : still why you can't divide? where can i find the mathematical explanation that you need to substract?
Posted 01 August 2012 - 05:34 PM
Posted 02 August 2012 - 06:47 AM
And since you actually compare amo |
The Hebrew terms used in the description of this article are as follows: (1) Sal, so called from the twigs of which it was originally made, specially used for holding bread. (Genesis 40:16) ff. (Ex | The Hebrew terms used in the description of this article are as follows: (1) Sal, so called from the twigs of which it was originally made, specially used for holding bread. (Genesis 40:16) ff. (Exodus 29:3,23; Leviticus 8:2,26,31; Numbers 6:15,17,19) (2) Salsilloth, a word of kindred origin, applied to the basket used in gathering grapes. (Jeremiah 6:9) (3) Tene, in which the first-fruits of the harvest were presented. (26:2,4) (4) Celub, so called from its similarity to a bird-cage. (5) Dud, used for carrying fruit, (Jeremiah 24:1,2) as well as on a larger scale for carrying clay to the brick-yard, (Psalms 81:6) (pots, Authorized Version), or for holding bulky articles. (2 Kings 10:7) In the New Testament baskets are described under three different terms. |
US 3701846 A
The video or television signals are broken into numerous elements representing spaced portions of the video display screen along the line sweep, and imprints (electrical or optical) for each element are made in a path on a | US 3701846 A
The video or television signals are broken into numerous elements representing spaced portions of the video display screen along the line sweep, and imprints (electrical or optical) for each element are made in a path on a rotating medium which may be a disc, drum or belt. The lineal length of each imprint on the path is determined by the light characteristic of the video signal being recorded. Clock marks are permanently recorded in a separate path on the rotating medium, one for each spacing of the line elements, to accurately locate the elements on the rotating medium and thereby accurately locating the elements on the screen when the information is decoded. For the U.S. television operational mode, one rotation of the rotating medium takes place in one thirtieth of a second to give a complete picture frame, including interlacing.
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
United States Patent Zenzeiilis METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING AND REPRODUCING VIDEO Inventor: George E. Zenzelllis, 27 Los Vientos, Camarillo, Calif. Filed: March 27,1970
.1211 Appl.No.: 23,289
1521 u.s.c1..178/6.6 n11, 178/DIG.3, 178/67 A, 235/6l.llE,235/61.12M
1511 1111. c1...Gllb 5/06, 01 lb 5/82, 110411 5/78 FieldofSearch..178/5.8 R,6.6A,6.6 DD,
178/6.7 A; 235/6l.l1 E,61.12,61. 12
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,526,900 9/1970 McCoy..l78/6.6A 3,462,547 8/1969 Macouski..178/D1o.3 3,423,524 1/1969 Bradford..l78/6.7A 3,418,456 12/1968 'Harnisch..235/6l.l1E 3,134,853 5/1964 Okamura..178/6.6DD 3,391,247 7/1968 Frohbach..178/5.8 2,681,382 6/l954 Hilburn..l78/6.7 A
Primary Examiner-Howard W. Britton Attorney-Henry M. Bissell [5 7] ABSTRACT The video or television signals are broken into nunew. A
1151 3,701,846 lfil. 99!; 812 1 2.
the video signal being recorded. Clock marks are permanently recorded in a separate path on the rotating medium, one for each spacing of the line elements, to accurately locate the elements on the rotating medium and thereby accurately locating the elements on the screen when the information is decoded. For the U.S.' television operational mode, one rotation of the rotating medium takes place in one thirtieth of a second to give a complete picture frame, including interlacing.
Maximum density of imprints is achieved by using an extremely narrow width of about one ten thousandth to one thousandth of an inch wide, and not only make adjacent tracks contiguous but actually overlapping. This is accomplished by a highly efficient transducer in contact with the recording medium and to prevent this razor edge transducer from cutting the recording medium, a body surrounds the transducer structure to give a non-cutting bearing force per unit of area. With such narrow tracks, extreme accuracy of concentricity is required of the spindles on which the rotating medium moves and of the mounting of the medium on the spindles. The invention provides structure and a method of machining spindles that gives this extreme accuracy of concentricity.
Sound is supplied by using an unused portion of the video signal and the trailing edges of the line start pulses are convenient portions. Because the tracks may overlap or small errors in concentricity may occur thatwould otherwise meld together sound from two sidebyside tracks, only certain digitally spaced parts of one track are used for sound and different digitally 13 Claims, 26 Drawing Figures /Zs g am: z
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sum 02 0F 10 FIG-3 A a /2O DETAIL 6 W (mlnIO Elanmt' 1 Element Elemenl'3 Ekmln f-Eltmtnl' FIG 4- u A DETAIL. A 200 20/1202 203 95 COck /2/ as as INVENTOR.
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PATENT 0 I973 3.701.846
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GEORGE E. ZENZEFILIS ATTORNEY PATENTEnnnm I972 3.701. 846 SHEET 08 0F 10 PETA/A 6 FIG. l8
DEf'A /A A DEM/4 5 ErA/L 8/ INVENTOR. GEORGE E. ZENZEFILIS ATTORNEY PATENTEnumHsn 3.701.846 SHEET OSUF 1O INVENTOR. FI 2 2 GEORGE E. ZENZEFILIS ATTOR N E Y PATENTED I973 3,701,846
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GEORGE E. ZENZEFILIS ATTORNEY METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECORDING AND REPRODUCING VIDEO I have invented a new system of recording and reproducing television signals on either magnetic or photographic discs (or cylindrical surfaces in general, including belts) which is simple, permits.the incorporation of color and sound, is compatible with the present day television standards, is cheap to manufacture, and which also permits maximum storage economy of the recording medium because the redundancies commonly existing i |
Gene mutation key to aspirin’s benefit in people with colorectal cancer
Posted By Howard LeWine, M.D. On October 30, 2012
At age 113, aspirin is still going strong. Once known mainly | Gene mutation key to aspirin’s benefit in people with colorectal cancer
Posted By Howard LeWine, M.D. On October 30, 2012
At age 113, aspirin is still going strong. Once known mainly as a pain reliever and fever easer, research over the past few decades have shown it can help prevent heart attack and stroke. Now a new Harvard-based study suggests why taking aspirin helps some—but not all—people with colorectal cancer. It could lead to routine genetic testing for people with this common cancer.
Back in 2009, Dr. Andrew T. Chan and his colleagues at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital found that people diagnosed with colorectal cancer who took aspirin on a regular basis tended to live longer than those who didn’t take aspirin. Later studies confirmed these findings. Aspirin only worked for some people, though, so Chan and a larger group of researchers set out to learn why.
As is true for other types of cancer, colorectal cancers are not all genetically the same. They have different gene variants and different amounts of proteins. In the 2009 study, people with extra amounts of an enzyme called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) had a particularly longer survival if they used aspirin. Higher-than-normal amounts of PTGS2 permits colon cancer cells to thrive. Aspirin blocks the action of PTGS2, slowing tumor growth.
PTSG2 is hard to measure, so the team searched for a different marker. They identified a related gene called PIK3CA. A mutation that makes this gene more active than normal boosts PTGS2 levels. In the new study, only three of 66 (4.5%) men and women with colorectal cancer who were taking aspirin died over more than a decade of follow-up, compared with 26 of 95 (27%) who weren’t taking aspirin. The results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
This new discovery about response to aspirin in people with colorectal cancer could dramatically change treatment for some. If the results are confirmed in a randomized trial, people with colorectal cancer may be automatically tested to see if they have the PIK3CA gene mutation. Those who do—about 15% to 20% of people with colorectal cancer have this mutation—may be advised to take aspirin to prevent the spread of their cancer after surgery.
Aspirin is also being investigated as a possible way to prevent colorectal an |
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Sunday, December 8, 2013
Dental and Oral Health ( | NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Sunday, December 8, 2013
Dental and Oral Health (Children)
Child biting tongue
my son is 3. Lately anytime he chews food he bites his tongue. He bites it so hard that it bleeds. I try to soothe it with popciciles and ice but he keeps doing it. any suggestions?
Accidental biting of the tongue is common in children, but if it is a continuing problem your child should be examined by a pediatric dentist. It's possible that he has a fractured or decayed tooth with sharp edges that could be a complicating factor.
Dennis J McTigue, DDS
Professor of Pediatric Dentistry
College of Dentistry
The Ohio State University |
A new study's results are particularly disturbing in light of the Trayvon Martin case: If a person is holding a gun, he or she is more likely to assume others are holding guns as well. The University of Notre Dame study asked subjects to | A new study's results are particularly disturbing in light of the Trayvon Martin case: If a person is holding a gun, he or she is more likely to assume others are holding guns as well. The University of Notre Dame study asked subjects to look at images and determine whether the person depicted was holding a gun or something neutral, like a soda can. As they looked, the subjects were themselves holding either a toy gun or a foam ball, and those who were holding the toy guns were more likely to report the presence of a gun.
The images shown to subjects were varied: Some people were depicted in ski masks, and various races were included, but the results remained the same. "Beliefs, expectations, and emotions can all influence an observer’s ability to detect and to categorize objects as guns," says one of the researchers. "Now we know that a person’s ability to act in certain ways," such as by holding a gun, "can bias their recognition of objects as well, and in dramatic ways." |
The Powell Center for Economic Literacy, the Maryland Council for Economic Education and the Baltimore Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond will co-sponsor Midsize Economics and Kidsize Economics workshops. The purpose of the day-long programs is to provide elementary | The Powell Center for Economic Literacy, the Maryland Council for Economic Education and the Baltimore Branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond will co-sponsor Midsize Economics and Kidsize Economics workshops. The purpose of the day-long programs is to provide elementary and middle school teachers in Maryland with economics lessons that enhance classroom curriculum and emphasize state content standards.
“The Fed has a steadfast commitment to educate the public so that they can make informed financial decisions and contribute to a healthy economy,” says Kylie-An |
compiled by Wayne Pauly and Amanda Coyle - August 1977 for Dane County Highway & Transportation Dept.
Purpose: Collect seeds and not plants. Only collect plants when you are sure that an area will be destroyed. A plant in a rem | compiled by Wayne Pauly and Amanda Coyle - August 1977 for Dane County Highway & Transportation Dept.
Purpose: Collect seeds and not plants. Only collect plants when you are sure that an area will be destroyed. A plant in a remnant prairie may be five to five hundred years old and may not survive transplanting. But left undisturbed, a plant is a continuing source of seeds for you.
a. Many collecting areas exist along railroad and highway right-of-ways. Look for prairie remnants along "country roads", on steep hillsides, in marshes, and in poor farm country. be sure to get permission before collecting on private property.
b. Do not collect on:
Arboretum or University properties, Scientific areas, [or any other public parks, etc.]
Interstate highway right-of-ways [rural roads are great sources for seeds]
[Private lands without permission]
2. How to know when seeds are ripe
a. When seeds fall easily from the plant.
b. When pods lose green color and turn brown.
c. When stem feeding seed head is brown and dry.
d. When seed capsule starts to open.
e. Seeds are often ripe about one month after blooming.
f. Ripe seeds are plump, hard, and usually brown or black; unripe seeds are usually soft and green.
a. Paper bags (not plastic bags which retain moisture and may cause seeds to rot).
b. Work gloves.
c. Marking pencil.
d. Clippers to cut off seed heads.
e. Protective eye glasses (sun glasses, etc. to keep from poking yourself with grass stalks).
a. Collect on a dry day when seeds are not wet with dew or rain.
b. Never take more than 50% of the seeds in an area. Leave some for the land.
c. Label your seeds bags with (1) date; (2) location; (3) name of plant; (4) type of site (dry, mesic, wet, sandy, loamy, rocky, etc.)
d. If seeds are wet or excessively moist, spread them on newspaper to dry. Drying helps prevent the seeds from molding during storage.
a. Put bags of seeds in burlap sacks or plastic garbage bags and hang them in an unheated garage or shed. If you use plastic bags, be sure that the seeds are dry, that the bags are packed loosely for good air circulation, and that holes are punched in the plastic. If seeds are stored on the floor you may have trouble with condensation and rodents. Prairie seeds must be stored in a cold place because they need that cold treatment for germination. A heated area can dry out seeds and kill them.
b. Control insects in seeds by adding something like Shell- no-pest strip.
Prairie Primer by Stan Nichols and Lynn Entyne. A good handbook containing drawings of prairie plants, information on where they grow, how to start a prairie, and much more good information. Available from Agriculture Bulletin Building, 1535 Observatory Dr. Madison WI 53706. Pub. No. G2736.
Prairie Propagation Handbook by Harold Rock. 1971. A good reference book for planting prairies. It has information about propagation, habitat, time to collect, etc. for a large number of prairie plants. Available at Wehr Nature Center, 5879 S. 92nd St., Hales Corners WI 53130
Guide to the Arboretum Prairies by Binda Reich. 1971. An excellent introduction tot he plants, animals, history, and ecology of prairies. Available from the University of Wisconsin - Madison Arboretum, 1207 Seminole Highway, Madison WI 53711.
Vegetation of Wisconsin by John T. Curtis. 1959. A very readable text for the history and description of Wisconsin Prairies. Available from any major book store.
Plants of Wisconsin
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Johann Friedrich entered the University of Halle on August 5, 1752 at the age of fifteen where he studied medicine, and graduated on December 12, 1757. The university exposed him to Age of Enlightenment ideals, | Johann Friedrich entered the University of Halle on August 5, 1752 at the age of fifteen where he studied medicine, and graduated on December 12, 1757. The university exposed him to Age of Enlightenment ideals, and social and political critique and reform. He supported these new ideas, becoming a propagandist for atheism, the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Encyclopédie.
When Adam and Maria Dorothea Struensee moved to Altona in 1758, where the elder Struensee became pastor of Marienkirche (Mary’s Church), Johann Friedrich moved with them. He was soon employed as a public doctor in Altona, in the estate of Count Rantzau, and in the Pinneberg District. His wages were meager, and he expected to supplement them with private practice.
His parents moved to Rendsburg in 1760 where Adam Struensee became first superintendent (comparable to bishop) for the duchy, and subsequently superintendent-general of Schleswig-Holstein. Johann Struensee, now 23 years old, had to set up his own household for the first time. His lifestyle expectations were not matched by his economics. His superior intelligence and elegant manners, however, soon made him fashionable in the better circles, and he entertained and scandalized his contemporaries by his controversial opinions and his frank licentiousness.
He was ambitious, and petitioned the Danish government in the person of Denmark’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von Bernstorff for funds. He tried his hand at writing Enlightenment treatises. He saw himself as having a higher calling than a simple doctor.
June-July 1767 the king had spent the summer in Schleswig-Holstein, along with his court and chancellery. Struensee was a clever doctor, and having somewhat restored the king's health while visiting the area, gained the king's affection. He was retained as travelling physician on April 5, 1768, and accompanied the entourage on the King’s foreign tour to Paris and London via Hannover from May 6, 1768 to January 12, 1769. He was given the title of State Councilor (‘’etatsråd’’) on May 12, 1768, barely a week after leaving Altona.
During the nine month trip he developed a close relationship with the king. The king’s ministers Bernstorff and Finance Minister H.C. Schimmelmann saw Struensee as having a positive influence on the king, and stood behind his being named the king's personal physician January 1769 after their return to Copenhagen.
On September 15 the King dismissed Bernstorff, and two days later Struensee becomes maître des requêtes (privy counsellor), consolidating his power and starting the 16 month period generally referred to as the "Time of Struensee". On December 8 the king dismisses his entire state council and chancellery.
When in the course of the year the king sank into a condition of mental torpor, Struensee's authority became paramount.
Next, he dismissed all department heads, and abolished the Norwegian stadholderships. Henceforth the cabinet, with himself as its motive power, became the one supreme authority in the state. Other reforms included the establishment of foundling hospitals, the abolition of capital punishment for theft and of the employment of torture in judicial pr |
As the International Whaling Commission nears the end of its annual meeting here, almost a third of its members are considering establishing a rival organisation.
They bitterly resent its agreement to make conservation a priority.
Japan has been the focus of protests at the | As the International Whaling Commission nears the end of its annual meeting here, almost a third of its members are considering establishing a rival organisation.
They bitterly resent its agreement to make conservation a priority.
Japan has been the focus of protests at the conference
They say this change flouts international law and tries to subvert the commission's purpose.
One delegate says it is now so divided that it can no longer function.
The commission was set up in 1946 with a dual mandate: to regulate whaling, and to conserve whales.
In the last 20 or so years a majority of members have stressed whale conservation, and in effect have sought to postpone the resumption of commercial whaling indefinitely.
That remains suspended under a moratorium in force since 1986, though thousands of whales have been killed since then.
Japan kills 6-700 a year for what it says is research, and Norway kills a similar number in a commercial hunt allowed to continue because it objected to the moratorium.
Now Iceland wants to restart research whaling, which the IWC's rules permit.
The three countries say the IWC should conserve whales simply so there are enough to hunt: they claim the species they kill are abundant enough for the catch they take.
It's as if you thought you'd joined a football club, only to find it had become a stamp-collecting society
Japanese Fisheries Agency
Earlier in the week the commission adopted what is called the Berlin Initiative, which says, in effect, that conservation |
My colleague Ian Pollock last week registered an interesting essay on Rationally Speaking (where I blog occasionally) on Daniel Kahneman’s new book, Thinking, Fast and Slow. In the book, Kahneman — who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in | My colleague Ian Pollock last week registered an interesting essay on Rationally Speaking (where I blog occasionally) on Daniel Kahneman’s new book, Thinking, Fast and Slow. In the book, Kahneman — who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002 — differentiates between two different types of thinking:
…. between a here-and-now preferrer — the experiencing self — that wants this pleasure to continue and this pain to cease, and a storyteller — the remembering self — that looks at an experience as a whole and evaluates its worth, with special attention paid to the beginning, climax and ending.
What Pollock then procedes to do is explore the implications of these two different thought processes, these two selves, for moral decision making:
One of the areas that it seems worth applying to is ethical philosophy; specifically the contrast between virtue ethical and consequentialist strains of thought.
For virtue ethics, the point of morality is to help you to be a better, happier person. Here, happiness is emphatically not understood in the popular modern way as a mere persistent good mood. On the contrary, happiness (or eudaimonia) involves living an ethically good life, with close ties to friends and family, and strong community involvement. A lifetime of good deeds and fine company could be undone by your child’s turning out to be a villain, even if it were not your fault — hence, Solon says “call no man happy until he is dead.”
Meanwhile, consequentialism (particularly its subspecies, utilitarianism) seeks to maximize welfare or utility across all beings. In utilitarianism this gets defined as the balance of pleasure over pain, or some such concept. The definition of utility is always vexatious, but needn’t concern us overmuch here — the point is that almost all plausible consequentialist theories care quite a lot about moment-to-moment mental states like pleasure and pain.
I suspect you may be able to see where I am going with this. Virtue ethics is speaking directly and pretty much exclusively to the remembering self, while utilitarianism is much more friendly to the experiencing self. Is this a defect in one, or in both of these theories?
Keep reading here.
By Michael De Dora
I have never thought much of consequentialism, the moral theory which asserts that determining “the good” or “the moral” is a matter of measuring outcomes. Decisions about what is moral, consequentialists say, should depend on the potential or realized costs and benefits of a moral belief or action. There are myriad problems with this line of thought, and while I have already discussed several on this blog, I would like to use this post to examine in more depth what I think are the four strongest objections to consequentialism.
First |
Scaling back the Fruit In Schools programme has had an adverse effect on Wanganui children's oral health, according to a dental specialist.
And dental health is so poor in Wanganui that children as young as 18 months can require a general | Scaling back the Fruit In Schools programme has had an adverse effect on Wanganui children's oral health, according to a dental specialist.
And dental health is so poor in Wanganui that children as young as 18 months can require a general anaesthetic to fix problems with teeth.
Whanganui District Health Board's community oral health manager Barb Dewson has worked in dental health in the region for 40 years and says Wanganui has some of the worst children's oral health statistics in the country. Up to 200 children a year need so much dental work - fillings, extractions and abscess treatment - that it is done under general anaesthetic. Most of these children are between 2 and 5 years, with some as young as 18 months old.
Maori children are the worst off, with only one-third reaching the age of 5 with no decay in their teeth.
Mrs Dewson said there was a period from the 1970s when oral health improved dramatically but it fell away again in the 1990s.
"Economic times became tougher for people, and processed food became so much more readily available," Mrs Dewson said.
"These days, children's teeth are constantly under an acid attack."
Mrs Dewson said one initiative that had a positive effect on children's oral health was Fruit In Schools, which was introduced to high-needs schools in 2006. The scheme is now optional for decile one and two primary and intermediate schools.
Mrs Dewson said some schools in Wanganui were no longer taking part and there had been a marked difference in the state of the oral health in children at those schools.
"When kids were eating a piece of fruit every day their teeth were cleaner, they had less plaque, and they were generally healthier. Every day they were having a fruit break, which meant that was one break a day they weren't picking up a muesli bar or a chocolate biscuit."
Mrs Dewson said some people thought fruit wasn't good for teeth because it contained sugar, that wasn't necessarily |
In 1996, scientists at IBM and Northwestern University used single-stranded DNA as if it were molecular Velcro to program the self-assembly of nanoparticles into simple structures. The work helped launch the then-nascent nanotechnology field by suggesting | In 1996, scientists at IBM and Northwestern University used single-stranded DNA as if it were molecular Velcro to program the self-assembly of nanoparticles into simple structures. The work helped launch the then-nascent nanotechnology field by suggesting the possibility of building novel materials from the bottom up. Twelve years later, researchers from Northwestern and Brookhaven National Laboratory report separately in the journal Nature that they have finally delivered on that promise, using DNA linkers to transform nanoparticles into perfect crystals containing up to one million particles.
“The crystal structures are deliberately designed,” says Northwestern’s Chad Mirkin, one of the materials scientists who pioneered DNA linking in the 1990s and a coauthor of one of today’s reports. “This is a new way of making things.”
Ohio State University physicist David Stroud calls the work “quite valuable.” He predicts that the breakthrough will enable the assembly of new materials with novel optical, electronic, or magnetic properties that have, until now, existed only in the minds and models of materials scientists. “Even now I’m surprised they could do it,” says Stroud.
To date, efforts at programmed nanoparticle self-assembly in three dimensions have produced mostly disordered clumps. These clumps can have value; indeed, Mirkin’s startup company NanoSphere has used the technology to develop medical diagnostics that have gained approval from the Food and Drug Administration.
But more complex and exotic materials imagined by Stroud and others require ordered structures. The hang-up, says Stroud, is that nanoparticles are immense relative to the atoms that form most crystals. As a result, the nanoparticles move relatively slowly, especially with DNA strands attached. When cooled to allow the complementary strands of DNA to link up, the nanoparticles tend to get frozen into a disordered arrangement before they can find their way to the orderly lattice of a crystal.
The authors of the new reports–a team at Northwestern led by Mirkin and chemist George Schatz, and physicist Oleg Gang’s team in Brookhaven National Laboratory’s functional materials center, in Upton, NY–overcame the particles’ sluggishness by using longer DNA strands that give the particles more flexibility during crystal formation. “Typically, we think that crystallinity requires very rigid structures, so one could imagine it’s necessary to have a very rigid DNA shell on the particles to have good crystals,” says Gang. “In reality, it’s the opposite.”
While the details of the Northwestern and Brookhaven systems differ, both pad out their DNA strands with sequences that act as spacers and flexors, in addition to complementary sequences on the DNA ends that bind particles together. The groups start by binding one of two types of DNA to gold nanoparticles. The DNA types are complementary to each other. These two pools of modified particles are then mixed and cooled. DNA strands with complementary DNA form a double helix, tying together their respective nanoparticles, while identical DNA strands act like springs to repel their respective particles. The spacers on each DNA strand, meanwhile, allow bound particles to twist and bend so each particle in the mix can bind the largest number of complementary particles. |
for National Geographic News
Eight years after warming seas caused the worst coral die-off on record, coral reefs in the Indian Ocean are still unable to recover, biologists say.
Many reefs have been reduced to rubble, a collapse that has deprived fish | for National Geographic News
Eight years after warming seas caused the worst coral die-off on record, coral reefs in the Indian Ocean are still unable to recover, biologists say.
Many reefs have been reduced to rubble, a collapse that has deprived fish of food and shelter.
As a result, fish diversity has tumbled by half in some areas, say authors of the first long-term study of the effects of warming-caused bleaching on coral reefs and fish.
The study focused on reefs near Africa's Seychelles islands, north of M |
Battle of Wadi al-Laban
|Battle of Wadi al-Laban|
|Commanders and leaders|
|Abdallah al-Ghalib||Hasan Pasha|
|Casualties and losses|
The Battle of Wadi | Battle of Wadi al-Laban
|Battle of Wadi al-Laban|
|Commanders and leaders|
|Abdallah al-Ghalib||Hasan Pasha|
|Casualties and losses|
The Battle of Wadi al-Laban, also Battle of Oued el Leben, occurred in March–April 1558 between Morocco and Ottoman forces under Hasan Pasha, the son of Hayreddin Barbarossa. The battle was rather inconclusive, and occurred north of Fes, at Wadi al-Laban ("The river of milk"), an afluent of the Sebou River, one day north of Fes.
The conflict was initiated when the Moroccan ruler Mohammed ash-Sheikh refused to give allegiance to the Ottomans. The Moroccan ruler had formed an alliance with the Spanish against the Ottomans.
Hasan Pasha, the son of Barbarossa, was named by the Ottoman Empire beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers in June 1557, in order to continue the fight against the Moroccan ruler. He had Mohammed ash-Sheikh assassinated in October 1557 by one of his body guards.
Hasan Pasha then invaded Morroco in early 1558, but he was stopped by the Morroccans north of Fez at the battle of Wadi al-Laban. The battle was rather indecisive, and Hasan Pasha had to retreat upon hearing of Spanish preparations for an offensive from Oran. He re-embarked from the port of Qassasa in northern Morocco, just west of Melilla, and from there returned to Algiers to prepare a defense against the Spaniards, who soon attacked in the Mostaganem expedition.
- A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p.157ff
- "In 965/1558, the new sovereign succeeded in defeating the Turko-Ottomans of Algiers near Wadi 'l-Laban and invading the Regency." in The Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol.8 Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb, Johannes Hendrik Kramers, Bernard Lewis - 1954 |
Oak Ridge Military Academy
Oak Ridge Military Academy traces its origins to 7 Apr. 1850, when local citizens "desirous of promoting the cause of education" met and appointed a board of trustees to secure funds to erect a school | Oak Ridge Military Academy
Oak Ridge Military Academy traces its origins to 7 Apr. 1850, when local citizens "desirous of promoting the cause of education" met and appointed a board of trustees to secure funds to erect a schoolhouse. Virtually everyone in the northwestern Guilford County community of Oak Ridge contributed to the total of $629. The school, originally named Oak Ridge Institute, opened on 3 Mar. 1853, with a classical curriculum of 18 courses and 63 students from North Carolina and Virginia. By 1856 it had 85 students, roughly three-quarters of whom were from places other than Oak Ridge.
The entire Oak Ridge Institute student body volunteered in 1862 for service in the Confederate army, which necessitated the school's temporary closing. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, the school faced extinction when the main building burned to the ground the day before classes were to begin in September 1865. Classes were held in a nearby log cabin while supporters rallied to keep the school open. By 1875 J. Allen Holt had become principal and began an expansion program.
In 1899 Oak Ridge Institute became the first secondary school in North Carolina to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. By 1901 it had 259 boarding students and claimed to be the largest "preparatory and fitting" school in the South. A junior unit of Army ROTC was established at Oak Ridge in 1926, making the U.S. Army the only organization with which the school has had any official affiliation. Since that time it has become in essence a military school that has repeatedly received high marks from army inspectors.
In 1971 the school's name was changed to Oak Ridge Military Academy. That year it also became one of the first military academies in the United States to admit females. (Women had been in attendance earlier, prior to its becoming a military school.) The goal of the academy, which enrolled students in grades 7 through 12, became preparing students for college, and at the end of the twentieth century Oak Ridge offered a guarantee that "every cadet who graduates from Oak Ridge is accepted to college."
The General Assembly designated Oak Ridge Military Academy the "official military academy" of North Carolina in 1991. Its 101-acre campus is a National Historic District. Virtually all of its 11 major buildings, some of which date from the 1914 reconstruction of the school, were remodeled in the early 1990s. The exceptions were Linville Chapel, built in 1914, and the Holt infirmary, built in 1938.
William P. Pope, "The Spirit of '66," The State (15 Aug. 1970).
Oak Ridge Military Academy: http://www.oakridgemilitary.com/
Oak Ridge Institute. From the 1896-1898 Biennial Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina from the State Library of North Carolina. Available from http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibrarync/6812190101/ (accessed September 17, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Stoesen, Alexander R. |
Soil (Forensic Science)
Soil has been used as material evidence in crime scene investigations since the 1890’s. For many years, basic microscopy and morphological analyses were the primary means of soil comparison, but increasingly sophisticated techniques have | Soil (Forensic Science)
Soil has been used as material evidence in crime scene investigations since the 1890’s. For many years, basic microscopy and morphological analyses were the primary means of soil comparison, but increasingly sophisticated techniques have greatly enhanced forensic scientists’ ability to compare the contents of soil samples. Depending on the type of case and the other types of evidence available, physical examination of soil alone might provide the complementary information needed. Soils can be classified into different types based on their physical characteristics. Geologists, for example, classify soils according to particle size distribution, pH, color, and moisture content as well as other physical features. The analysis of soils for forensic purposes, however, often requires more detail than simple physical examination can provide. Forensic scientists look at soil not as an isolated material but as a group of materials, including any particles and any organisms that are part of a given sample.
(The entire section is 150 words.)
Chemical Analyses (Forensic Science)
The quantities of soils found at crime scenes are not necessarily abundant, and small samples often limit the techniques forensic scientists can use to perform some physical analyses. Small sample size is not an impediment to analysis of soil’s content, however. Scientists can chemically analyze soils for trace elements and metals using techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), which establishes a relationship between the mass and the ratio of the elements in a sample. MS technology is often coupled with other, more sensitive technologies to elucidate the elemental composition of a wide array of samples, ranging from the simplest to the most complicated matrices, including, but not limited to, drugs, chemical warfare agents, and environmental samples. Some of the technologies used in combination with MS are inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS), gas chromatography (GC-MS), liquid chromatography (LC-MS), glow discharge (GD-MS), and capillary electrophoresis (CE-MS).
Other analysis methods that do not involve mass spectrometry can provide similar results, such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). These various techniques provide different separation matrices and principles, and analysts must decide which should be used based on the type of sample being analyzed, the limit of detection, and the output resolution requirement.
(The entire section is 317 words.)
Molecular Analyses (Forensic Science)
When the amount of soil recovered at a crime scene is sufficient for both physical and chemical analyses, a more specific soil profile can be obtained, and this can help establish soil uniqueness. In some instances, however, the recovered amount of soil is too minute to allow either physical or chemical analysis. In such cases, information on soil content may be obtained through DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis of microbial, fungal, and plant genomes present in the soil. Recent studies have shown that such analysis can provide unique information about the organism or material in question. Novel molecular techniques coupled with separation technologies used for human DNA analysis have been able to provide unique soil “fingerprints” that can be compared with known samples.
Specific markers exist in the DNA of every organism. Plants have sequences repeated in tandem, as is the case with humans. Microbes and fungi contain conserved and variable regions throughout their genomes; the differences encountered in the variable regions are what give each organism its unique identity. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) has been the marker of choice in the analysis of microbial communities because, unlike protein markers, rRNA is ubiquitous.
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and amplicon length heterogeneity (ALH) have both proven successful in determining the microbial community composition of...
(The entire section is 323 words.)
Further Reading (F |
Introductionfishing, act of catching fish for consumption or display. Fishing—usually by hand, club, spear, net, and possibly by hook—was known to prehistoric people. It was practiced by the ancient Persians, Egyptians, and | Introductionfishing, act of catching fish for consumption or display. Fishing—usually by hand, club, spear, net, and possibly by hook—was known to prehistoric people. It was practiced by the ancient Persians, Egyptians, and Chinese, and it is mentioned in the Odyssey and in the Bible. It is a major means of subsistence and livelihood today, not only in societies such as those in the South Pacific but also in most nations of the world (see fisheries).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Sports |
Search The Library's Lexicon
A person is 'entrapped' when he is induced or persuaded by law enforcement officers or their agents to commit a crime that he had no previous intent to commit; and the law as a matter of policy forb | Search The Library's Lexicon
A person is 'entrapped' when he is induced or persuaded by law enforcement officers or their agents to commit a crime that he had no previous intent to commit; and the law as a matter of policy forbids conviction in such a case.
However, there is no entrapment where a person is ready and willing to break the law and the Government agents merely provide what appears to be a favorable opportunity for the person to commit the crime. For example, it is not entrapment for a Government agent to pretend to be someone else and to offer, either directly or through an informer or other decoy, to engage in an unlawful transaction with the person. So, a person would not be a victim of entrapment if the person was ready, willing and able to commit the crime charged in the indictment whenever opportunity was afforded, and that Government officers or their agents did no more than offer an opportunity.
On the other hand, if the evidence leaves a reasonable doubt whether the person had any intent to commit the crime except for inducement or persuasion on the part of some Government officer or agent, then the person is not guilty.
In slightly different words: Even though someone may have [sold drugs], as charged by the government, if it was the result of entrapment then he is not guilty. Government agents entrapped him if three things occurred:
- First, the idea for committing the crime came from the government agents and not from the person accused of the crime.
- Second, the gove |
Committee on Vision, 1944-1973
The National Academies Committee on Vision was organized as an offshoot of a committee set up jointly by the Army and Navy in World War II. In early 1944 the Army and | Committee on Vision, 1944-1973
The National Academies Committee on Vision was organized as an offshoot of a committee set up jointly by the Army and Navy in World War II. In early 1944 the Army and Navy, with the assistance of the wartime Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), established the Army-Navy-OSRD Vision Committee in order to investigate problems of vision in relation to military activity. The Committee's headquarters were located at the National Academy of Sciences office building in downtown Washington, DC. With the end of World War II and the consequent disbanding of the OSRD, the Committee was reorganized as the Army-Navy-National Research Council Vision Committee; its mission was essentially unchanged.
The Committee on Vision collection includes correspondence, reports, and meeting minutes, and covers the years 1944-1973 for a span of 10 linear feet. |
There’s a Chip for That
It's the same with circuits. If you need a compact, affordable circuit tomorrow that performs a common function, say, voltage doubling, then you'll likely find a dozen or more affordable ASICs (application specific | There’s a Chip for That
It's the same with circuits. If you need a compact, affordable circuit tomorrow that performs a common function, say, voltage doubling, then you'll likely find a dozen or more affordable ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) that will satisfy your requirements — with no or few external components.
However, if your goal is to learn how a particular circuit works and how it can be modified to suit your particular needs, then you should consider a circuit made of discrete components, transistors, and generic ICs. The end product will likely cost more in terms of component prices, printed circuit board real estate, and your time. However, you'll have an opportunity to learn more.
Of course, you have to make the most of this. If you simply insert the parts into a breadboard, solder everything into place, and then apply power, you'll waste the moment. For example, let's say you have a voltage doubler circuit based on the LM555 timer chip. You can change the frequency and duty cycle and external component values to assess how the changes affect output voltage and current.
The process vs. product tension isn't the only reason to consider single chip solutions over discrete component circuit design and construction. Some of the newest chips have exceptional specifications: higher efficiency, lower voltage requirements, less potential for interference, better thermal regulation, lower noise floor, etc. Sometimes it comes down to weight. For example, I've been working with quadcopter controllers, and every extra ounce of circuitry means about five minutes of less flying time, less maneuverability, and less space for something else.
Often, it's a matter of focus. Let's say you've built a LIDAR that requires a voltage doubler. If your focus is to learn how to apply LIDAR to robot navigation, then don't waste your time designing or building a low level supply circuit. Pick up a voltage doubler chip and get to work on the LIDAR proper.
I've found the major hurdle in using an ASIC over a handful of discrete components is determining if my wish-chip exists. My first go-to resource is Digi-Key. They maintain a good (albeit incomplete) catalog of special purpose chips at reasonable prices. My second stop is Mouser — another online supply company. Prices are usually a tad higher than Digi-Key, but they also handle a slightly different IC product line. Failing to find something in my top two list, I turn to the chip suppliers directly, such as TI and National Instruments. Most of these companies provide powerful search engines indexed to their products.
In closing, there's nothing inherently wrong with using discrete component circuits in your projects. It simply depends on what's best for your budget, the components you have on hand, your experience with new and old ICs, and whether the circuit is for your personal use or destined for the masses. However, make an informed choice. Check out which ICs or components best fit your needs. If, after a first exploration, you can't find the chip you're looking for, keep looking. New ASICs are announced daily. SV
Posted by Michael Kaudze on 02/21 at 02:54 PM |
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial:
Where Man and Memory Intersect --
By studying Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: Where Man and Memory Intersect students learn how the nation has honored Abraham Lincoln, the man and the myth. Those interested in learning more | Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial:
Where Man and Memory Intersect --
By studying Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: Where Man and Memory Intersect students learn how the nation has honored Abraham Lincoln, the man and the myth. Those interested in learning more will find that the Internet offers a variety of interesting materials.
National Park Service, Lincoln Home National Historic Site
Lincoln Home National Historic Site is a unit of the National Park Service. The Lincoln home, the centerpiece of the Lincoln Home National Historic Site, has been restored to its 1860s appearance, revealing Lincoln as husband, father, politician, and President-elect. It stands in the midst of a four block historic neighborhood in Illinois that the National Park Service is restoring so that the neighborhood, like the house, will appear much as Lincoln would have remembered it. The Lincoln Home National Historic Site web page contains information on visiting the historic site, information on the Lincoln family, information on the issues of freedom and democracy that |
A few sentences relating to Power
Power is as power does, or the fact of power is the act of power.
Just a reminder. In the fable of the emperor’s new clothes, what is important to understand is not that an emperor | A few sentences relating to Power
Power is as power does, or the fact of power is the act of power.
Just a reminder. In the fable of the emperor’s new clothes, what is important to understand is not that an emperor can be highly delusional. The real lesson directs your attention to the ease with which those around him facilitate his delusion. This is an insidious condition that creeps in silently like a fog that soon envelops everyone. It takes a child-like innocence of perspective to see through it. Regrettably, child-like innocence is rarely encouraged in organizations.
Power is in the ability to allocate resources. A successful business person must excel at accumulating and centralizing the power of resource allocation.
Business power stems from centralized control by a few. Representative democratic power is granted by voters. What is behind the fascination with setting up a businessman in a legislative or executive power position? Business is inherently non-democratic. |
Women And Rosh Chodesh
Women's association with the new moon dates far back in history.
Reprinted with permission from Moonbeams: A Hadassah Rosh Hodesh Guide, edited by Carol Diament and published by | Women And Rosh Chodesh
Women's association with the new moon dates far back in history.
Reprinted with permission from Moonbeams: A Hadassah Rosh Hodesh Guide, edited by Carol Diament and published by Hadassah.
Rosh Chodesh has long been considered a special holiday for women. There are a number of reasons. First, according to legend, the holiday was a reward given to the women of Israel because they refused to surrender their jewelry for the creation of the Golden Calf [which, the biblical book of Exodus says, the Israelites worshipped in the desert after the Exodus from Egypt]. Because of their righteousness, the women were exonerated from working on Rosh Chodesh.
Second, many people have pointed out that the menstrual cycle is similar to the monthly cycle of the moon. (The English word "menstruation" derives from the Latin word for "monthly.") Third, Penina Adelman, author of the first modern Rosh Chodesh ritual guide for women, points out that the words Roshei CHodshiM, heads of the months, contain the same letters that form the word ReCHeM, womb.
Fourth, the status of the moon has often been compared to the status of women. The Talmud recounts a legend that the moon and the sun were originally of equal size and brightness, but the moon asked how two could rule equally; God responded by making the moon smaller. In ancient texts, woman likewise has a lesser status and is subservient to man. Furthermore, the Zohar, the authoritative work of the mystical tradition, frequently likens the moon to the Shekhinah, the Divine Presence, which mystics consider the feminine aspect of God. Only when the world is redeemed will the Shekhinah reunite with the masculine aspect, the Kadosh Barukh Hu, the Holy One Blessed is He, and only then will the moon's light intensify.
Rosh Chodesh has long been sacred to women. From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the women of Eastern Europe wrote special Rosh Chodesh tekhines--personal prayers in the Yiddish vernacular. Over the past three decades, Rosh Chodesh observance has been revived by religious feminists. The book Miriam's Well: Rituals for Jewish Women Around the Year by Penina Adelman, first published in 1986, presented the experiences of one of the first women's Rosh Chodesh groups, and provided a template for creative Rosh Chodesh rituals.
Did you like this article? MyJewishLearning is a not-for-profit organization. |
Sir William Nicholson
Nicholson, Sir William, 1872–1949, English woodcut artist, illustrator, and painter. The striking contrasts of black and white of his woodcutting technique were used to great effect on posters, on | Sir William Nicholson
Nicholson, Sir William, 1872–1949, English woodcut artist, illustrator, and painter. The striking contrasts of black and white of his woodcutting technique were used to great effect on posters, on which he collaborated with his brother-in-law James Pryde. They became known as the Beggerstaff Brothers. Nicholson illustrated many books and his woodcut portraits, verging sometimes on caricature, cover a large segment of London society. He was knighted in 1936. His work is represented in the Tate Gallery, London.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclop |
For the first time in the history of the United States census, enumerators of the 1850 census were instructed to record the names of every person in the household. Added to this, enumerators were presented with printed instructions, which account for | For the first time in the history of the United States census, enumerators of the 1850 census were instructed to record the names of every person in the household. Added to this, enumerators were presented with printed instructions, which account for the greater degree of accuracy compared with earlier censuses. Enumerators were asked to include the following categories in the census: name; age as of the census day; sex; color; birthplace; occupation of males over age fifteen; value of real estate; whether married within the previous year; whether deaf-mute, blind, insane, or "idiotic"; whether able to read or write for individuals over age twenty; and whether the person attended school within the previous year. No relationships were shown between members of a household. The categories allowed Congress to determine persons residing in the United States for collection of taxes and the appropriation of seats in the House of Representatives.
The 1850 Census includes the following states and territories: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota Territory (includes Dakota area), Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico Territory (includes Arizona area), New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon Territory (includes Washington and Idaho areas), Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, Vermont, Virginia (includes West Virginia counties), Wisconsin.
There were no substantial state- or district-wide losses.
The official enumeration day of the 1850 census was 1 June 1850. All questions asked were supposed to refer to that date.
Taken fro |
Transport emissions: JRC to lead development of a new test procedure for cars
In Europe the compliance of emissions from passenger cars with regulatory standards is measured during a predefined test procedure in the laboratory (i.e. the current Euro 5 standard for | Transport emissions: JRC to lead development of a new test procedure for cars
In Europe the compliance of emissions from passenger cars with regulatory standards is measured during a predefined test procedure in the laboratory (i.e. the current Euro 5 standard for diesel cars allows for 180 mg NOx emissions per kilometer). Research done by the JRC suggests that this laboratory test does not accurately capture the amount of nitrogen oxides emitted by diesel cars on the road, which is substantially higher.
In view of persisting air quality problems, the European Commission decided in 2010 to address this situation by complementing the current laboratory test with a real-driving test procedure, which should be able to capture the wide range of driving conditions encountered on the road.
A working group led by the JRC and composed by industry stakeholders and Member States representatives was established to assess the potential of 2 candidate procedures: emissions testing with random driving cycles in the laboratory or on road emissions testing with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS).
A newly published report covers the assessment done, based on emissions testing and expert judgment. On-road emissions testing with a portable device was judged to better cover the wide range of driving and ambient conditions than random laboratory test cycles.
Following the findings of this report, it was decided in December last year to primarily develop on-road testing with PEMS as the main real-driving test procedure. To this end, an extensive vehicle test campaign will be conducted in cooperation with car manufacturers and European technical services in 2013.
The real-driving test procedure may be implemented gradually together with more stringent Euro 6 regulatory standards in 2014, but will only become fully effective from 2017 onwards. |
This is just the opinion of your dictionary. According to the KRADFILE, 出 has these radicals:
# K R A D F I L E
# Copyright 2001/2005 Michael Raine, James Breen and the Electronic | This is just the opinion of your dictionary. According to the KRADFILE, 出 has these radicals:
# K R A D F I L E
# Copyright 2001/2005 Michael Raine, James Breen and the Electronic
# Dictionary Research & Development Group at Monash University.
# See: http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/groups/edrdg/licence.html
# for permissions for use and redistribution.
[... big snip... ]
出 : ｜ 山
[... bigger snip... ]
So, "vertical stick" and mountain are the radicals according to this source, which is located here: http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/kradinf.html
Actually, a better terminology is radical plus components. A kanji is understood to have one primary component. This is called the radical. The others are components.
So kradfile says ｜ is the radical, and the kanjidic agrees. The latter states that this character has the No. 2 radical. This No. 2 refers to the Kang-Xi 214 radical index.
See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kangxi_radicals. Here you can learn the name of that No. 2 stick in Chinese and Japanese.
Wictionary assigns a different radical from Kanjidic: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA. They cite Radical No. 17, 凵. This opinion is justifiable. When we draw the kanji, we make that shape first, then the vertical line, and then the bottom box.
Offline source: Jack Halpern's The Kodansha Kanji Learner's Dictionary sides with Wictionary: it assigns Radical 17 also.
Unicode Unihan data: http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=51FA
Radical 17, again.
However, 冂 as a radical or component of 出? Nonsensical. Perhaps a typo. |
Deer Tests Positive for CWD
A deer killed by a vehicle about four miles east of Hayden in northwest Colorado has tested positive for chronic wasting disease. The animal, found in game management unit 13, was sent in for testing as part | Deer Tests Positive for CWD
A deer killed by a vehicle about four miles east of Hayden in northwest Colorado has tested positive for chronic wasting disease. The animal, found in game management unit 13, was sent in for testing as part of the Colorado Division of Wildlife's routine surveillance for chronic wasting disease.
The deer was picked up by the Division of Wildlife on Oct. 4, just south of U.S. Highway 40. It is the second positive mule deer found on the Western Slope this season.
So far, the Division of Wildlife and Colorado State University's diagnostic laboratories have tested about 1,600 deer and elk for chronic wasting disease since the hunting seasons began, and to date, 18 hunter-killed animals have tested positive.
Five animals have tested positive this hunting season outside of the established endemic area in northeast Colorado: the road-killed deer found in unit 13; a hunter-killed elk near Green Mountain Reservoir in Summit County; a hunter-killed mule deer northeast of Collbran; an injured elk killed north of Hayden by the Division of Wildlife; and a hunter-killed mule deer south of Denver and west of Chatfield Reservoir.
Chronic wasting disease is a fatal neurological disease of deer and elk that has been found in portions of southeastern Wyoming and northeastern Colorado for more than two decades. State and federal health officials have found no connection between chronic wasting disease and any human illness. But as a precaution, hunters are advised not to eat the meat from any diseased animals.
Hunters may submit their animals for testing at Division of Wildlife offices around the state and at the offices of some veterinarians. For a complete list of submission sites and for more information about chronic wasting disease, visit the Division of Wildlife's Web site at www.wildlife.state.co.us, or call a Division of Wildlife office.
The Division of Wildlife will call all hunters whose animals test positive. Hunters wanting |
Sharry Edwards has the ability to provide an extraordinary glimpse into the medicine of the future through the use of Vocal Profiling and individuated Sound Presentation. Her curiosity and her need to make a difference in the world led her to develop a scientific format | Sharry Edwards has the ability to provide an extraordinary glimpse into the medicine of the future through the use of Vocal Profiling and individuated Sound Presentation. Her curiosity and her need to make a difference in the world led her to develop a scientific format for computational biology via the sounds of the human voice. Sharry calls this new field of discovery Sonistry. Just as there is a system of basic elements that we call, chemistry, there is a basic set of sound frequencies that can monitor, predict and manage biological function. String theory found a basis for the existence of our DNA blueprint; Sonistry deals with the frequency signals that manage RNA.
Sharry is the acknowledged pioneer and recognized leader of the emerging field of Human BioAcoustic Vocal Profiling. Her work has been the subject of several documentaries and she is the recipient of the Scientist of the year award by the New Frontiers of Science. She is a faculty emeritus of the Capital University of Integrative Medicine. Her work appears in many books and publications.
Writer Richard Dooling discussed his research on the future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the prospect of computers becoming as intelligent or more intelligent than humans.With Moore's Law pointing towards the doubling of computer chip capacity every 18 months, the computational abilities of the human brain could be reached by a computer as early as 2015, he suggested. The Turing test could be used to determine when we'll know if computers can actually think or mimic thought. There's been nothing like the development of AI in the history of the human race, said Dooling, who added that eventually AI may start writing its own programs, and he is pessimistic that we'll be able to control them.Right now, there's a billion computers on the planet, all hooked together via the Internet-- "that is a potential intelligence that could absorb us without us even realizing it," similar to the portrayal in The Matrix, Dooling commented. Along with advancements in nanotechnology,... More »Host: George Noory
A pioneer in the emerging field of Human BioAcoustics, Sharry Edwards discussed her computer voice analysis system that allows her to evaluate a person's intent and health.... More »Host: George Noory |
Posted by: Loren Coleman on August 20th, 2009
Russian and Vietnamese scientists have announced their discovery of a new species of “rattlesnake” (as it is called in the Vietnamese press release, but, no doubt | Posted by: Loren Coleman on August 20th, 2009
Russian and Vietnamese scientists have announced their discovery of a new species of “rattlesnake” (as it is called in the Vietnamese press release, but, no doubt, a “viper”), which belongs to the Protobothrops family, in the Trung Khanh Nature Reserve in the northwestern province of Cao Bang, the Vietnam news agency reported Thursday, August 20, 2009.
Nguyen Thien Tao, who is in charge of amphibians and reptiles at the Vietnam Nature Museum, said this is the fourth species of “rattlesnake” of the Protobothrops family identified in Vietnam.
The three others are Protobothrops cornutus, P.jerdonii and P. mucrosquamatus.
The new species of “rattlesnake” is named Protobothrops trungkhanhensis Orlov, Ryabov, an endemic species found in only the Trung Khanh Nature Reserve in Cao Bang, Vietnam.
The snake is only 733mm in length, quite small compared to other Protobothrops species, with a small triangle-shaped head and small scales.
The discovery was published in a Russian scientific magazine named Reptile and Amphibians in January 2009. |
Losing Letters One Blank At A Time
Filed by KOSU News in Art & Life.
July 3, 2011
On-Air Challenge: You are given a series of sentences, each of which is missing three words. | Losing Letters One Blank At A Time
Filed by KOSU News in Art & Life.
July 3, 2011
On-Air Challenge: You are given a series of sentences, each of which is missing three words. The word in the first blank is five letters long. Drop the last letter to get a four-letter word for the second blank. Drop the last letter to get a three-letter answer for the third blank. For example, given the sentence, “While I was filming at the Egyptian pyramids, a ____ with a rider on it ____ into view of my ____,” the words would be “camel,” “came” and “cam.”
Last Week’s Challenge: Take the word “ballerina,” drop one letter and rearrange the remaining eight letters to name a well-known fictional character. Who is it?
Answer: L’il Abner
Winner: Shirley Carle of Claremore, Okla.
Next Week’s Challenge: From listener Dale Shuger of New York City: Think of a common four-letter adjective. Then take its opposite in French. (It’s a French word that everyone knows.) Say the two words out loud, one after the other, and you’ll name a f |
In bookbinding, a dos-à-dos binding (from the French meaning "back-to-back") is a binding structure in which two separate books are bound together such that the fore edge of one is adjacent to the spine of the other, | In bookbinding, a dos-à-dos binding (from the French meaning "back-to-back") is a binding structure in which two separate books are bound together such that the fore edge of one is adjacent to the spine of the other, with a shared lower board between them serving as the back cover of both. When shelved, the spine of the book to the right faces outward, while the spine of the book to the left faces the back of the shelf; the text of both works runs head-to-tail.
The dos-à-dos format dates back at least to the 16th century, though they were most common in England in th |
Melting Himalayan Glaciers Pose Security Risk, UNEP Says
SINGAPORE -- Global warming will cause the Himalayan glaciers to melt, leading to mass migration and possibly conflicts over valuable resources such as agricultural land and fresh water | Melting Himalayan Glaciers Pose Security Risk, UNEP Says
SINGAPORE -- Global warming will cause the Himalayan glaciers to melt, leading to mass migration and possibly conflicts over valuable resources such as agricultural land and fresh water, the U.N. Environment Programme chief said.
Achim Steiner, speaking ahead of the U.N. Security Council's first-ever debate on climate change, said that global warming should be considered a security issue as shortages of water and fertile land in the next 10 to 20 years may lead to conflicts.
The melting of the Himalayan glaciers is expected to displace millions of people from low-lying land as sea levels rise, and will disrupt river flows and irrigation of agricultural land.
"When people start moving, it puts people into competition with one another," Steiner told Reuters in a phone interview from Nairobi. "Where will these people go? Where will they run to where other communities want them?"
The Himalayan glaciers, which feed rivers in India and China, are among the fastest-melting in the world.
Scientists have said the Himalayan glaciers could shrink to 100,000 square km (38,610 square miles) by the 2030s, from 500,000 square km (193,100 square miles) now, if the current pace of global warming continues.
Former World Bank chief economist Nicholas Stern warned last year that the melting of Himalayan glaciers could cause serious flooding in Bangladesh, sparking a mass migration into India.
Steiner, who will be in Singapore on Thursday for the Champions of the Earth awards that are presented each year to seven environmental leaders, cited Africa as an example of how climate change could threaten peace and security.
He said fights over agricultural land have led to some of the conflicts in Sudan, and that climate change could lead to an even bigger flood of |
America's Long-Term Future
© Jesse Alan Gordon, 1995
This article provides a framework for identifying and promoting policies which make America more internationally competitive in the long term:
- 1) Identify our inherent advantages based on our " | America's Long-Term Future
© Jesse Alan Gordon, 1995
This article provides a framework for identifying and promoting policies which make America more internationally competitive in the long term:
- 1) Identify our inherent advantages based on our "national character";
- 2) Identify industries and activities which exploit those inherent advantages;
- 3) Identify policies which foster those industries and activities.
This framework seeks policies in a context of America's "relative decline." Our share of the world economy has declined steadily, from 31% of the world's GDP in 1960 to 26% today. Our trading partners have grown faster than us, and this trend seems likely to continue. Our relative decline marks the success of our ongoing policy to foster capitalist democracies worldwide, but requires that we consider how to compete in a world of equals. This article focuses on the contemporary US, but the framework could be applied to other countries or other time periods as well.
AMERICA'S NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS: Step 1 of the framework:
- FRONTIER MENTALITY: We favor innovation and being avant-garde.
- We prefer the new to the old, as did our ancestors who immigrated.
- INVENTIVENESS: "Yankee ingenuity" was necessitated by the frontier.
- We have more patents, and win more Nobel Prizes, than our competitors.
- ENTREPRENEURIALISM: We favor risk-taking and start-up enterprises.
- 98% of US establishments are small businesses (under 100 persons).
- We have our share of, but by no means dominate, multinational corporations.
- American banks are small in comparison to the banks of our competitors.
- POLITICAL & LINGUISTIC UNITY: The US is "monocultural" (same everywhere).
- Our large competitors have internal borders, or ethnic or linguistic regions.
- Our language and currency are the world's international standards.
- THE CONSTITUTION & EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY no longer define our character.
- These advantages have passed, since our competitors are similar to us in these issues.
- OUR NATURAL RESOURCES no longer define us, except that we are geographically large.
- We are not well-endowed when compared with our competitors per area.
AMERICA'S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES: Step 2 of the framework:
- HIGH TECHNOLOGY: Requires inventiveness and risk-taking.
- We get early leads and lose the lead when product's innovativeness fades.
- We have increased our share of high-tech exports despite our GDP decline.
- NEW PRODUCTS AND R&D: Requires same inventiveness as high-tech.
- The steel industry collapsed because we tried to preserve existing technology.
- SMALL BUSINESS: The home of entrepreneurialism and our economic engine.
- 56% of us work for small businesses but policy focuses on big business.
- POP CULTURE: Our movies, music, TV, clothes, toys, and food are "in" worldwide.
- Foreigners want to learn American culture, and to use international English.
- EXPORTING DEMOCRACY: Capitalist democracies don't go to war with each other.
- All recent US wars have been in non-democracies in the developing world.
POLICIES PROMOTING OUR ADVANTAGES: Step 3 of the framework:
- NEGOTIATE AN INTERNATIONAL PATENT SYSTEM: Promotes new products.
- Incorporate the existing Patent Cooperation Treaty within GATT.
- Add copyrights, biological entities, software, and entertainment to the PCT.
- SIMPLIFY TRADE REGULATIONS: Allows more cultural exports.
- GATT focuses on legislative barriers; now focus on regulatory hurdles.
- AVOID PROTECTION OF "MATURE" INDUSTRIES: Favors start-up enterprises.
- "Infant industry" argument doesn't apply in a well-developed economy.
- "Job protection" argument takes the short-term view & hurts small business.
- "National security" argument doesn't apply in a physically big country.
- REMOVE DISINCENTIVES AGAINST SMALL BUSINESSES: Favors 98% of US.
- Favor small business to balance lobbying and constituencies of big business.
- LOOSEN CREDIT: The Fed's "tight money" policy hurts small business growth.
- REDUCE EMPLOYMENT TAX PAPERWORK: It's a disproportionate burden.
- AVOID MANDATED BENEFITS: Small businesses pay disproportionately more.
- TAX COMPANY BENEFITS: Untaxed benefits strongly favor big business.
- MAKE CAPITAL GAINS DEDUCTIBLE: But to encourage risk, not large profit.
- REINTRODUCE INCOME AVERAGING: Allows small business multi-year R&D.
- COMMERCIALIZE OUTER SPACE AND DEEP OCEANS: Exploits "frontier mentality."
- Rent the space shuttle and space station for business purposes.
- Developing the "space plane" for eventual private transportation businesses.
- Explore the sea floor for mining, energy, or other commercial applications.
- RAISE THE GAS TAX OR INSTITUTE A BTU TAX: Opens a new high-tech industry.
- Our competitors have begun the "energy efficiency industry" without us.
- Energy is cheap here, and energy efficiency is low, compared to competitors.
- Government cheap-energy policy stops our entry into a big high-tech field.
- PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH: Helps pop culture and exports democracy.
- Provide international development aid for English-language schools.
- Promote foreign tourism here by reducing visa requirements.
- Fervently pursue anti-tourist crime and other forms of xenophobia.
- "MAINSTREAM" IMMIGRANTS INTO ENGLISH: Fosters linguistic unity.
- ENCOURAGE "GRASSROOTS" INTERNATIONALISM: Socially export democracy.
- Putting a good face on Americans abroad promotes the US model.
- Sponsor "grassroots" aid projects instead of large-scale industrial projects.
- Allow tax deductibility of foreign travel to encourage mixed business trips.
- Teach more foreign languages to encourage more American tourism abroad.
- INTERNATIONALIZE THE MILITARY: Militarily export democracy.
- Acting as the unilateral "world cop" will bankrupt America.
- Use military alliances for all wars and "internationalize" our military.
- Specialize military production among allies, with US doing |
With the exception of scattered areas in our far eastern counties, tarnished plant bugs (or Lygus) have not been a significant problem for most North Carolina cotton producers.
Since 2002, an average of approximately 5 percent of our | With the exception of scattered areas in our far eastern counties, tarnished plant bugs (or Lygus) have not been a significant problem for most North Carolina cotton producers.
Since 2002, an average of approximately 5 percent of our cotton acreage has been treated for plant bugs pre-bloom.
Post-bloom damage from plant bugs is much harder to define because their damage to small bolls cannot be distinguished stink bug damage. However, the Southeast region benefits (at least for now) from having plant low bug levels that most Mid-south growers can only dream about.
With the introduction of Bt cotton in 1996, our previous range of 2 to 3 or 4 late-season bollworm applications on conventional cotton has been reduced to an average of just under 1 application, resulting in greater potential late-season plant bug damage to squares, blooms and small bolls.
The increased planting of Bollgard II, WideStrike, and other new Bt cotton lines with greater caterpillar activity is expected to lower worm sprays even more, further increasing the potential damage from boll sucking bugs. So far, that’s happened with stink bugs — but not with plant bugs.
Unlike much of the Mid-south, where plant bugs have become a dominant, yield-reducing, multiple application mid- and late-season pest, boll damage from this species appears to be much more limited in the Southeast (with Alabama probably intermediate).
From 2005 until the present, over 100 replicated tests were conducted from Virginia to Georgia as part of a Cotton Incorporated regional project investigating all aspects of stink bug ecology, biology, crop impact and management.
In these assessments, we were happily surprised to discover very low direct and indirect indications of plant bug activity: 1) an average of almost 90 percent square retention into the fourth to fith week of bloom, 2) dirty bloom levels rarely exceeding the 15 percent threshold, and 3) ground cloth samples averaging only 10 percent to 15 percent of the threshold triggers used in most cotton states.
Although economic infestations of plant bugs are not unheard of here, plant bugs take a distant back seat to stink bugs in most situations.
Most of the recent high quality research into plant bug biology, damage and yield associations, scouting procedures and efficiency, and thresholds is being conducted by USDA (Agricultural Research Service) and university scientists in the Mid-South and far West In these high plant bug potential damage areas, it appears that dirty bloom and small boll assessments alone typically reveal a limited picture of recent plant activity.
Because any one sampling type has its limitations, assessments may include several scouting methods, including sweep net sampling, ground cloth counts, visual observations, external and internal square damage evaluations.
As long as the retention of new squares remains over 80 percent, no additional types of scouting assessments for plant bugs are needed. In most cases, square retention in the low t |
Constipation, or difficulty having a bowel movement, is a common problem. About four million Americans have chronic constipation lasting three months or more in which they strain to produce hard, dry stool. Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel | Constipation, or difficulty having a bowel movement, is a common problem. About four million Americans have chronic constipation lasting three months or more in which they strain to produce hard, dry stool. Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty in moving one’s bowels, and abnormally hard stools. Constipation is a very nonstandard condition because the frequency and character of bowel movements differ significantly from person to person. In most cases, constipation is not indicative of a medical problem. However, one should seek medical advice if constipation continues for an extended period of time, is accompanied by unusual pain or blood in the stool, or does not respond to home remedies.
Constipation, or difficulty having a bowel movement, is a common problem. Luckily, most constipation can be easily treated or prevented by changes in nutrition, including eating more fiber and drinking more water.
A high-fiber diet which avoids processed foods is essential. Herbal bowel toners and laxatives are usually recommende...
Gentle and natural, colon hydrotherapy introduces purified water into the colon to cleanse it and relieve constipation.
Constipation is an acute or chronic condition in which bowel movements occur less often than usual or consist of hard...
Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty in moving one’s bowels, and abnor...
more constipation articles »
Senna,, is known by the name Egyptian senna. A member of the Leguminaceae family, senna is a shrub-like plant whose...
1260 Lincoln Hwy, Colonia
Learn about colon health in this short video. The colon is the final organ that waste goes through in the body.
Colon cleansing product from Master Herbalist. Helps with digestive system, constipation and to keep the weight off.
Part of living in today’s environment includes consuming a diet consisting largely of highly processed foods that lacks nutrients inherent to even the healthiest choices. Fiber is a key component c...
I have a number of patients who call me a few times per year for help, but it’s not because they have back or neck pain! They call because… they’re constipated.
It started about five years...
Chinese Medicine News reported that a special form of needle therapy can help the bowels push out excrement, as an alternative to medication. This treatment entails the use of moxibustion, which is...
What is Colonics ( Colon Hydrotherapy )?
Colon Hydrotherapy is a gentle infusion of filtered, temperature controlled water, into the colon, by way of a sterile disposable rectal tube. |
San Cristobal is part of a five-volcano complex of the same name and is the most active of the five. It erupted in 1997 for the sixth time since it was discovered long ago. It's close to the cities | San Cristobal is part of a five-volcano complex of the same name and is the most active of the five. It erupted in 1997 for the sixth time since it was discovered long ago. It's close to the cities of El Viejo and Chinandega but its long 10 km lava flows never reach them. Like most volcanoes in Nicaragua, San Cristobal is a stratovolcano. It has a basaltic cone with a flattened top and the cone is made up of alternating lava and tephra. Several smaller cones have formed at the base of the volcano with a single vent leading up to each.
1 2 3 |
Country music legend Kitty Wells died recently. Her first big hit was "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky-Tonk Angels." What is a "honky-tonk" and where did it get its name? — Abilene | Country music legend Kitty Wells died recently. Her first big hit was "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky-Tonk Angels." What is a "honky-tonk" and where did it get its name? — Abilene
When it comes to country music history, Joe Specht, author of "The Women There Don't Treat You Mean: Abilene in Song," is the local authority. Here's what he says:
"In simplest terms, a honky-tonk is a beer joint catering to working class folk. Cultural historian Nick Tosches has tracked the term "honky-tonk" as far back as 1893 to the East Texas-Oklahoma-Louisiana region. Honky-tonk later popped up in a Tin Pan Alley tune in 1916, but it was not until Texan Al Dexter recorded "Honky-Tonk Blues" in 1936 that the phrase first appeared in a country song. "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky-Tonk Angels" was written in response to a line from "The Wild Side of Life" (a No. 1 hit for Hank Thompson): "I didn't know God made honky-tonk angels."
Thanks for the answ |
Fortunes in hand, many speculators decided to return to their homes
on the East Coast. The route taken most frequently took
passengers by boat to Panama City, where they
crossed the isthmus to Aspinwall by | Fortunes in hand, many speculators decided to return to their homes
on the East Coast. The route taken most frequently took
passengers by boat to Panama City, where they
crossed the isthmus to Aspinwall by train and boarded a ship bound for New York, often by way of Cuba.
On August 20, 1857, several hundred passengers in San Francisco boarded
the SS Sonora, of the Pacific Mail Steamship Line, and headed south toward Panama City. Aboard was
over 1.6 million dollars in (1857 value) gold—thousands of freshly minted 1857-S double eagles, some earlier $20
coins, ingots, and gold
in other forms. Some of the double eagles were stacked in long rows or columns and nestled in wooden
boxes. Elsewhere around the ship, passengers had their own treasure—purses and boxes reflecting their
success in the land of gold, the new El Dorado.
Some passengers on board enjoyed
watching the ocean, while others
stayed in the main lounge or
saloon, where it was popular to
play cards, chess, checkers, and
backgammon, to read, and to
otherwise pass the time. Some
walked around the deck o |
Plantagenet Of Lancaster
Henry VI's Minority
The last king of the Lancastrian dynasty, Henry VI was born at Windsor Castle on 6th December, 1421 the son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois, daughter | Plantagenet Of Lancaster
Henry VI's Minority
The last king of the Lancastrian dynasty, Henry VI was born at Windsor Castle on 6th December, 1421 the son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois, daughter of Charles VI of France. Henry became King of England in his cradle, he was barely nine months old when his famous father, Henry V, died of dysentry on campaign in France. Two months later he became King of France also, when his grandfather, the mentally unstable Charles VI, died.
During Henry's minority, the war in France had been executed loyally and ably by his paternal uncle, John, Duke of Bedford. He struggled with the almost impossible task of retaining his brother's conquests in France. England was ruled by a council lead by Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, the youngest of Henry V's brothers.
In November 1429, the young king was considered old enough to undergo the arduous coronation ceremony and was crowned at Westminster Abbey at eight years old. The following year, at the age of nine, he crossed to his French kingdom and was crowned King of France at Notre Dame. In the streets of Paris he was observed from an upper storey window by his notorious grandmother, Isabeau of Bavaria, the wanton widow of Charles VI, whom the young king courteously doffed his hat to.
Henry's mother, Catherine of Valois, died in 1437 amidst scandal, when it was discovered that the Dowager Queen had contacted a secret marriage with her Welsh clerk of the wardrobe, Owen Tudor and had borne him several children, three sons and a daughter. Henry later created the eldest of these half-brothers, Edmund and Jasper Tudor, Earls of Richmond and Pembroke respectively. Both were later to play leading parts in the Wars of the Roses, the elder, Edmund was to become the father of King Henry VII, the founder of England's Tudor dynasty. Owen Tudor was summoned before the king's council to explain his conduct, but was released without punishment, he ended his days in 1461, when after fighting on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, he was beheaded on the orders of Henry's supplanter, Edward IV.
The wheel of fortune had begun to turn against the English in France. Joan of Arc lead the French to victory, and by 1453, all of the great Henry V's conquests, apart from Calais, were lost.
According to the terms of a peace agreement with France, Henry married Margaret of Anjou, daughter of Rene, Duke of Anjou and titular King of Jerusalem and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. Margaret was also the niece of the French King, Charles VII. The match was unpopular amongst disaffected elements in England. Margaret, unlike her husband, was a strong headed character, who was unyielding and belligerent, none of which augured well for her future in England.
Henry himself was a gentle, devout and kindly man, but early in his reign is said to have been "unsteadfast of wit". He did not appear to enjoy wearing the magnificent clothing expected of a sovereign and often dressed simply "like a farmer". Unlike his warlike father, Henry possessed a strong aversion to violence and was deeply, even obsessively, devoted to religion.
Contemporary Description of Henry
'He was a man of pure simplicity of mind, truthful almost to a fault. He never made a promise he did not keep, never knowingly did an injury to anyone. Rectitude and justice ruled his conduct in all public affairs. Devout himself, he sought to cherish a love for religion in others. He would exhort his visitors, particularly the young, to pursue virtue and eschew evil. He considered sports and the pleasures of the world as frivolous, and devoted his leisure to reading the scriptures and the old chronicles. Most decorous himself when attending public worship, he obliged his courtiers to enter the sacred edifice without swords or spears, and to refrain from interupting the devotion of others by conversing within its precincts.
He delighted in female society, and blamed that immodest dress, which left exposed the maternal parts of the neck. "Fie, fie, for shame!" he exclaimed "forsooth ye be to blame." Fond of encouraging youth in the paths of virtue he would frequently converse familiarly with the scholars from his colllege of Eton, when they visited his servants at Windsor Castle. He generally concluded with this address, adding a present of money: "Be good lads, meek and docile, and attend to your religion."
He was liberal to the poor, and lived among his |
A researcher from the University of Zurich in Switzerland sought to answer that question in a recent study.
As people age, they tend to experience weaker cognition as well as more sleep difficulties.
Although the relationship between these has been studied in depth, few studies | A researcher from the University of Zurich in Switzerland sought to answer that question in a recent study.
As people age, they tend to experience weaker cognition as well as more sleep difficulties.
Although the relationship between these has been studied in depth, few studies have focused on how depression moderates the effect of sleep disturbance on memory, cognitive speed and processing in older adults.
For the study, researcher Christine Sutter recruited adults over the age of 61. She included 107 adults with and without depression and evaluated their sleep patterns using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
The volunteers worked on a series of tasks that measured their executive function processing, speed, and memory recall.
The researchers found that the participants with higher levels of depressive symptoms and sleep problems had a harder time completing the cognitive tasks than those with fewer depressive symptoms and more moderate sleep problems.
Although many areas of executive function were affected by depression and sleep disturbances, memory recall related to specific events was not.
This suggests that a lack of sleep weakens higher-order executive functions, especially in people who have depression.
A lack of sleep can trigger problems with mood regulation. Therefore, the depressive symptoms in this sample of participants could be magnified by less sleep. Future research should examine the slight variations in the sleep/mood relationship in more detail.
Although psychotropic medication was accounted for in this study, other drugs that could influence the outcome were not. This is yet another area that must be looked at more closely to better understand the association between sleep disturbances, mood, and cognitive performance, Sutter said.
She added that overall, the study results demonstrate a clear link between sleep impairment and executive processing in older individuals.
“However, it also seems important to consider low levels of depressive symptomatology together with sleep quality, as they appear to be interrelated,” Sutter said. |
Ps. 137 Of all the psalms this is probably the most clearly related to a historical event, the Exile of Judah to Babylon in the sixth century b.c. There is conflicting evidence about whether the psalm was composed during | Ps. 137 Of all the psalms this is probably the most clearly related to a historical event, the Exile of Judah to Babylon in the sixth century b.c. There is conflicting evidence about whether the psalm was composed during the Exile or immediately afterward (v. 1 note). The despair experienced in the Exile is eloquently expressed along with anger toward the enemy (vv. 7–9). |
Location: Chemistry Research Unit
Title: Eavesdropping on plant volatiles by a specialist moth: significance of ratio and concentration Authors
Submitted to: PLoS One
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: | Location: Chemistry Research Unit
Title: Eavesdropping on plant volatiles by a specialist moth: significance of ratio and concentration Authors
Submitted to: PLoS One
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: January 10, 2011
Publication Date: February 9, 2011
Citation: Cha, D.A., Linn Jr., C.E., Teal, P.E., Zhang, A., Roelofs, W.L., Loeb, G.M. 2011. Eavesdropping on plant volatiles by a specialist moth: significance of ratio and concentration. PLoS One. 6(2):1-8. Interpretive Summary: Insects commonly use chemicals for communication both as pheromones and as a means for finding hosts. It is well known that plants, serving as hosts for many insect pests, give off different aromas due to release of different blends of chemicals depending on stage of development, whether or not they are damaged, environmental conditions or their variety. Scientists from Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, the Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, Florida, and the Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland have been studying how the grape Grape berry moth detects and responds to volatiles coming from grapes. They have discovered that grape plants release a suite of compounds common to many plant species but that specificity of the blend results from the ratio of key compounds in the blend. They also discovered that the moth can overcome significant variation in the ratio of some plant volatiles as well as large differences in concentrations of compounds in order to find the host plants. This dynamic ability to respond to different blends of attractants from hosts may be critical for insects to successfully find host plants for reproduction.
Technical Abstract: We investigated the role that the ratio and concentration of ubiquitous plant volatiles play in providing host specificity for the diet specialist grape berry moth Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) in the process of locating its primary host plant Vitis sp. In the first flight tunnel experiment, using a previously identified attractive blend with seven common but essential components (“optimized blend”), we found that doubling the amount of six compounds singly [(E)- & (Z)-linalool oxides, nonanal, decanal, ß-caryophyllene, or germacrene-D], while keeping the concentration of other compounds constant, significantly reduced female attraction (average 76% full and 59% partial upwind flight reduction) to the synthetic blends. However, doubling (E)-4,8-dimethyl 1,3,7-nonatriene had no effect on female response. In the second experiment, we manipulated the volatile profile more naturally by exposing clonal grapevines to Japanese beetle feeding. In the flight tunnel, foliar damage significantly reduced female landing on grape shoots by 72% and full upwind flight by 24%. The reduction was associated with two changes: (1) mo |
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The two main types of intestinal parasites are helminths and protozoa. Helminths are worms with many cells. Tapeworms, pinworms, and roundworms are among the most common helminths in the United States. In their adult form, helminths cannot multiply in the human body. Protozoa have only one cell, and can multiply inside the human body, which can allow serious infections to develop. Intestinal parasites are usually transmitted when someone comes in contact with infected feces (for example, through contaminated soil, food, or water). In the U.S., the most common protozoa are giardia and cryptosporidium.
Signs and Symptoms
Parasites can live within the intestines for years without causing any symptoms. When they do, symptoms include the following:
What Causes It?
These things raise your risk for getting intestinal parasites:
What to Expect at Your Provider's Office
Your health care provider will ask if you have traveled out of the country recently and whether you have recently lost weight. If your health care provider thinks you have an intestinal parasite, you will probably have one or more of the following tests:
Your health care provider will choose the drug that is most effective against your intestinal parasite. You may need one dose, or you may have to take the medication for several weeks. Be careful to take the medicine exactly as it is prescribed, or it may not work.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Conventional medical treatments can get rid parasites more quickly and with fewer side effects than most alternative treatments. Alternative treatments may be helpful along with conventional medications. However, your health care provider must find out what kind of organism is causing your problems before you start treatment. The following nutritional guidelines may help keep parasites from growing.
Nutrition and Supplements
Herbs are a way to strengthen and tone the body's systems. As with any therapy, you should work with your health care provider to diagnose your problem before starting any treatment. You may use herbs as dried extracts (capsules, powders, teas), glycerites (glycerine extracts), or tinctures (alcohol extracts). People with a history of alcoholism should not take tinctures.
Many of the herbs used to treat intestinal parasites have toxic side effects or interfere with other medications. Use them only under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. Your health care provider should treat you with the most gentle herb that is effective for the type of parasite you have. A few of the herbs that your health care provider might consider include:
As with other treatments, your health care provider must first diagnose the kind of parasite you have. Before prescribing a remedy, homeopaths take into account a person's constitutional type -- your physical, emotional, and intellectual makeup. An experienced homeopath assesses all of these factors as well as any current symptoms when determining the most appropriate remedy for a particular individual. The following remedies may be used:
Your health care provider will retest your stool to be sure your parasite is gone, and will give you advice to help you avoid getting infected again. Follow these instructions carefully. Getting a parasite a second time can cause more serious health problems.
The seriousness and length of illness varies with the specific intestinal parasite. Complications happen more often in older people and in people who already have serious illnesses, such as AIDS.
Intestinal parasites can be more serious if you are pregnant. Your health care provider will tell you which drugs are safe to take during pregnancy. You doctor should closely monitor any treatment for intestinal parasites during pregnancy.
Alum A, Rubino JR, Ijaz MK. The global war against intestinal parasites--should we use a holistic approach? [Review]. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(9):e732-8.
Betti L, Trebbi G, Majewsky V, Scherr C, Shah-Rossi D, Jäger T, Baumgartner S. Use of homeopathic preparations in phytopathological models and in field trials: a critical review. Homeopathy. 2009 Oct;98(4):244-66. Review.
Dinleyici EC, Eren M, Dogan N, Reyhanioglu S, Yargic ZA, Vandenplas Y. Clinical efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii or metronidazole in symptomatic children with Blastocystis hominis i |
Antimatter sounds like science fiction, and it has certainly powered its fair share of imaginary space ships and interplanetary blasters. But antimatter itself is fact, not fantasy. Antimatter is the opposite of matter: Bring the two | Antimatter sounds like science fiction, and it has certainly powered its fair share of imaginary space ships and interplanetary blasters. But antimatter itself is fact, not fantasy. Antimatter is the opposite of matter: Bring the two of them into contact and they annihilate each other, generating energy according to Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2. For every kind of matter particle we know about, there is an antimatter "opposite." Physicists have observed antimatter versions of electrons, protons and neutrons. We’ve even made a few antimatter atoms, including anti-hydrogen and anti-helium. In fact, the only thing stopping us from making an entire anti-universe—with an anti-you, anti-me, anti-everything—is that it’s very hard to make enough antimatter. And that’s a mystery too. Scientists think that, when the universe was young, antimatter and matter were made in equal quantities, yet in the universe we see only matter. Why is that? Nobody knows the answer, but it is one of the most pressing questions of modern physics.
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Editor's picks for further reading
BigThink: The Search for Antimatter
In this video, Michio Kaku answers questions about antimatter.
CERN: Antimatter: Mirror of the Universe
Everything you want to know about antimatter.
Fermilab: What Is Antimatter?
In this video, Fermilab scientist Don Lincoln describes antimatter and its properties.
NOVA scienceNOW: Antimatter Engines
In this video, Neil deGrasse Tyson answers questions about antimatter propulsion. |
Sitler: Think about the watershed
Manager works with local authorities to educate public, mobilize
|Jeffrey A. Sitler (left) and Jessica S. Wenger affix a plaque near a storm drain on Grounds. The plaque | Sitler: Think about the watershed
Manager works with local authorities to educate public, mobilize
|Jeffrey A. Sitler (left) and Jessica S. Wenger affix a plaque near a storm drain on Grounds. The plaque reads “Do Not Dump — Drains to Creek,” and is one measure being undertaken to protect the local watershed.
By Matt Kelly
Did you know that everything that enters a storm drain flows unimpeded into local streams?
And Jeffrey A. Sitler, the environmental compliance manager in the Office of Environmental Health and Safety, wants you to think about this and other watershed issues.
To help you do so, he works with local authorities to educate the public on ecological issues. He and Jessica S. Wenger, an environmental compliance technician at U.Va., also mobilize volunteers to assist in the education effort.
For example, volunteers affix blue plaques, which bear the picture of a fish leaping over waves and the inscription “Do Not Dump — Drains to Creek,” on pavement near storm drains around the University. As a test, they have ordered 500 plaques for the pilot project. The city, county of Albemarle and Virginia Department of Transportation also are participating in this project in their respective jurisdictions. The new plaques will replace older, stencil-painted signs. Sitler wants to see how long they last and remain legible.
“We want to get people to understand what not to put down the [storm] drain,” he said.
Among the list of prohibited items: pet waste, soapy water, oils and chemicals. Sitler wants to stop “nonpoint source” pollution, or pollution that comes from normal daily activities and small localized incidents.
“All [local] streams are considered severely impacted from run-off,” he said. Run-off is defined as rainfall flowing overland into a body of water, according to Sitler. Urban areas produce more runoff because of high percentages of paved area.
As part of the University’s storm water discharge permit from the state Department of Environmental Quality, Sitler helped form an educational partnership with Charlottesville, Albemarle, VDOT, the Soil and Water Conservation District and the Rivanna Sewer and Water Authority. (For more information, visit: http://rivanna-stormwater.org.) The state permit requires public education, outreach, involvement and participation; detection and elimination of illicit discharges; control of storm water run-off on construction sites and post-construction; and a program of good housekeeping practices.
“Except at [Parking and Transportation], washing vehicles is no longer allowed at the University,” Sitler said, since soapy water can run into storm drains. City and county residents should wash cars on their lawns, where grass and soil can filter soapy water and particulate matter. “Of course, an alternative would be to take your car to a local car wash where the wash water is placed in the sanitary sewer,” Sitler said.
Organic material also can compromise stream health. University lawn mowers have been instructed that grass clippings should not be left in the street, where they can wash into storm drains. Pet waste and grass clippings stress streams by adding bacteria and nutrients, which requires more oxygen to break down, thus robbing oxygen from the creatures that live in the stream, Sitler said.
“Because something is natural doesn’t mean it’s good,” Sitler said.
State environmental researchers found high bacteria c |
Characters in some Non-Roman languages are difficult to write, especially for non-native speakers. Some traditional Chinese characters, for example, have as many as over 20 strokes. When students struggle to put the characters on paper, they are more like | Characters in some Non-Roman languages are difficult to write, especially for non-native speakers. Some traditional Chinese characters, for example, have as many as over 20 strokes. When students struggle to put the characters on paper, they are more like drawing rather than writing a language. It is not only time-consuming, but often with little reward. MS Word on Windows 2000 and Windows XP offers excellent word processing environments for Non-Roman languages such as Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Russian, and Vietnamese. It would be beneficial to the students of language classes if they are taught how to do word processing in those languages.
Before Windows 2000 was launched, one had to have software for the specific language in order to process that language on computer. For example, if you want to write Chinese on the computer, you must have some Chinese language software. If your Chinese software can only allow you to input Chinese but does not do editing and formatting jobs, you would need both an English word processing software, such as Microsoft Word, and a Chinese word processing software to get the job done. But the two kinds of software are not always compatible, thus causing a lot of headaches. With Word 2000 and Windows 2000, this has been changed. Now you do not need any Chinese software to do Chinese word processing. The same is true with Hebrew, Japanese and Korean, for Win |
1870 HEPBURN V GRISWOLD US SUPREME COURT DECISION
The Court declared that certain parts of the passed Congressional Legal Tender acts in the 1860’s were unconstitutional. The Legal Tender acts authorized the government to | 1870 HEPBURN V GRISWOLD US SUPREME COURT DECISION
The Court declared that certain parts of the passed Congressional Legal Tender acts in the 1860’s were unconstitutional. The Legal Tender acts authorized the government to issue paper money, “Greenbacks,” and recognized it as legal to meet financial obligations. The Court concluded, however, that a party to a contract could not use paper money as payment for a debt if the contract stipulated gold or silver as payment. The Court explained how the US Congress possessed the power to coin money, but that that power was different than the power to made paper money legal.
1847 – BIRTH OF THOMAS EDISON, US INVENTOR
“If our nation can issue a dollar bond, it can issue a dollar bill. The element that makes the bond good makes the bill good... If the Government issues bonds, the brokers will sell them. The bonds will be negotiable; they will be considered as gilt edged paper. Why? Because the government is behind them, but who is behind the Government? The people. Therefore it is the people who constitute the basis of Government credit. Why then cannot the people have the benefit of their own gilt-edged credit by receiving non-interest bearing currency… instead of the bankers receiving the benefit of the people’s credit in interest-bearing bonds?”
2004 – RON PAUL, US CONGRESSMAN, SPEAKING TO THE HOUSE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMITTEE
He referred to the Federal Reserve by stating, "maybe there's too much power in the hands of those who control monetary policy? The power to create the financial bubbles. The power to maybe bring the bubble about. The power to change the value of the stock market within minutes. That to me is just an ominous power and challenges the whole concept of freedom and liberty and sound money."
1791 – BIRTH OF PETER COOPER, US INDUSTRIALIST, PHILANTHROPIST (FOUNDED COOPER UNION) AND GREENBACK CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT
"The substitution of greenbacks for National bank notes, would have the bounty now paid to banks, which, being invested as a sinking fund, would in less than thirty years pay off the whole debt of the country.”
1809 – BIRTH OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 16TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
“The money power preys upon the nation in times of peace and conspires against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy.”
Under Lincoln’s administration, the US Government issued 450 million “Greenbacks” – interest and inflation free government-issued currency. They weren’t government bills, bonds or any other debt-bearing notes. They were actual US-based money.
“The privilege of creating and issuing money is not only the supreme prerogative of government, but it is the government’s greatest creative opportunity. The financing of all public enterprise, and the conduct of the treasury will become matters of practical administration. Money will cease to be master and will then become servant of humanity.”
1873 – COINAGE ACT PASSED BY CONGRESS (THE “CRIME OF ‘73”)
The Coinage Act removed silver as a form of currency (“demonetized) – leaving gold as the major form of US currency. The public didn’t realize at first what happened. With silver no longer a form of money, the overall amount of currency dramatically declined, causing the prices farmer’s received for their produce to drop (deflation) but the cost of their debts rise. Thousand of famers lost their land. Those who held silver also suffered. This was one of the sparks of the rise of the farmer-led US Populist movement.
Why this calendar? Many people have questions about the root causes of our economic problems. Some questions involve money, banks and debt. How is money created? Why do banks control its quantity? How has the money system, been used to liberate (not often) and oppress (most often) us? And how can the money system be “democratized” to rebuild our economy and society, create jobs and reduce debt?
Our goal is to inform, intrigue and inspire through bite size weekly postings listing important events and quotes from prominent individuals (both past and present) on money, banking and how the money system can help people and the planet. We hope the sharing of bits of buried history will illuminate monetary and banking issues and empower you with others to create real economic and political justice.
This calendar is a project of the Northeast Ohio American Friends Service Committee. Adele Looney, Phyllis Titus, Donna Schall, Leah Davis and Greg Coleridge helped in its development.
Please forward this to others and encourage them to subscribe. To subscribe/unsubscribe or to comment on any entry, contact [email protected] |
From Pitbull Rescue Central:
What Is a Break Stick?
A break stick is a device inserted into the mouth of a pit bull (behind the molars) to facilitate the release of its grip on another dog.
Remember: pit bulls do | From Pitbull Rescue Central:
What Is a Break Stick?
A break stick is a device inserted into the mouth of a pit bull (behind the molars) to facilitate the release of its grip on another dog.
Remember: pit bulls do not have a special mechanism or enzyme that allows them to "lock” their jaw, nor do they possess a higher than average “bite pressure.” They simply have the determination of a terrier.
Not all pit bulls are aggressive toward other dogs. But because the breed has a somewhat higher tendency for dog aggression, break sticks are useful tools to have in a multi-dog household. Please read the following guidelines before attempting to break up a fight using a break stick.
Why Should Responsible Pit Bull Owners Have a Break Stick?
Because canines are pack animals, fights are possible in any multi-dog household, no matter what breed of dog you own. A responsible owner should take measures to prevent such fights, but he or she should also be prepared for the worst. The goal of any owner should be to break up a fight quickly and efficiently. The majority of breeds will snap erratically at their opponent, biting and releasing repeatedly. As terriers, pit bulls will usually bite and hold. Contrary to popular myth, this is not some kind of special pit bull behavior; it is merely terrier behavior. As its name suggests, a break stick is designed to break this determined terrier hold. This is the safest, easiest, and most effective way to stop a fight.
Do not attempt to use a break stick on other dog breeds.
Attempting to use a break stick on other breeds could result in serious injury to the person using the stick. Since other breeds will unpredictably snap and bite instead of getting a grip, you are far more likely to be bitten. You also should not attempt to use a break stick with other terriers. While all terriers grab and hold, pit bulls are far less likely to redirect their bite on an intervening human than, say, a Jack Russell Terrier. For the same reason, you also need to be very careful when separating your pit bull from another breed. Your pit bull will probably not bite you, but you might get bitten by the other dog.
There are many ways of managing a multi-dog household. Your primary goal should be to prevent fights before they begin. Many, many pit bulls—even pit bulls from fighting backgrounds—get along just fine with other dogs. Nevertheless, the breed’s tendency for dog aggression is slightly higher than the average dog, so constant vigilance is vital.
If a fight does occur, you will be better prepared to break it up if you have already rehearsed the procedure before the need arises. Look into your dog's mouth and find the gap where the teeth do not meet at the very back of the jaw. This is where you are going to insert the stick.
If the dogs don't have a hold yet, you may be able to break the fight using other methods. Jerking the dogs back by their collars, a loud and firm break command, a bucket of cold water, a water hose, or placing a barrier such as a baby gate between the two dogs may be enough to stop them. Be safe: don't put your hands anywhere near the mouth of the dogs.
How to Break Up a Fight
If one of the dogs has a grip, it’s time to use a break stick.
It is best if there are two people to break up a fight, but you can do it by yourself if you have no choice. If both dogs are fighting and you are alone, you might need to tie one of the dogs to something solid. When one of the dogs is tied up, you must "break" the one that is not tied first, and pull him/her off right away.
Walk over to the dogs, straddle one that has a hold, and then lock your legs around the dog's hips just in front of the hindquarters. Make sure your legs are locked securely around the dog. Your break stick will be in one hand, so with your free hand, grab your dog firmly by his collar and pull upward slightly.
Insert your breaking stick behind the molars where the gap is found. Sometimes you need to work the stick in just a bit if the gap is small. The stick should be inserted from ½ to 1½ inches into the dog's mouth.
Turn the stick as if you're twisting the throttle of a motorcycle. This action will cause the dog to readjust its grip, and it will bite onto the stick, releasing the other dog. If both dogs have a hold, you will then have to break the second |
The Global object
From Web Education Community Group
First, it should be noted that a basic understanding of Objects are assumed so, if you are unsure of what is meant by the term Object, you can read more about Objects in the general programming | The Global object
From Web Education Community Group
First, it should be noted that a basic understanding of Objects are assumed so, if you are unsure of what is meant by the term Object, you can read more about Objects in the general programming section.
What is the global object?
(Note: All discussions of the global object below assumes that the code will be executed in a user agent (browser) environment)
In short, the global object is the Window object, and is implicit.
The Window object is what is referred to when people talk about the Global object but, in reality there are between 40 - 45 global objects all of which we will deal with in other parts of the curriculum.
What do you mean it’s implicit?
Under the hood this is interpreted as:
This is also why the following two lines of code will achieve the exact same end result:
window.alert(“Hello World”); alert(“Hello World”); |
- App Store Info
DescriptionHi, I'm Clay. I made Toddler Taxonomist to entertain my 2.5 year old daughter, Blythe, who loves animals. She even helped, as a brutally honest playtester. | - App Store Info
DescriptionHi, I'm Clay. I made Toddler Taxonomist to entertain my 2.5 year old daughter, Blythe, who loves animals. She even helped, as a brutally honest playtester. :)
We have many different names for the same animal: insect, ant, fire ant, or Solenopsis geminata, for instance. Toddler Taxonomist provides a safe environment to explore a wide variety of animals and learn the different names we use to refer to them.
It starts off easy, with 2 photos on the screen, asking questions such as "Where is the horse?" If you answer several questions correctly, it adds more photos to the screen.
Eventually, the difficulty bumps up and the questions are more specific, such as, "Where is the Miniature Shetland Pony?" Finally, animals are presented using their binomial or trinomial scientific names.
The most difficult level presents a challenge even for adults. Can you tell the difference between Dicerorhinus sumatrensis and Ceratotherium simum? Well, you can learn alongside your child or as you play by yourself.
The difficulty level adjusts based on whether the person playing answers questions correctly. Miss too many and it gently bumps back down to an easier level. You can choose the starting difficulty level from the main menu.
If you tap a wrong answer, you are presented with an informational screen about the animal you tapped, including a larger photo, a description, taxonomic information, and specific and scientific names.
Almost all text in Toddler Taxonomist uses voice over -- you need only tap the text to hear it spoken. This enables younger children to use the app when there isn't a parent to supervise closely.
I'll leave you with this story... Blythe was playing with Toddler Taxonomist as I sat next to her. I wasn't paying attention. (Oops!) She said, "Papa, what is that called?" I glanced over and said, "It's an anteater." She replied to me, "It's a Northern Tamandua!" Frankly, I was a little shocked because she only had been playing with the the app for 10 minutes or so.
Thanks! I hope you enjoy it!
Toddler Taxonomist is suitable for children ages 1-100. The sweet spot probably is 2-6 years old, though older children and adults may enjoy the higher difficulty levels.
Toddler Taxonomist features music by N. Cameron Britt.
It was made using cocos2d.
Note: All text and narration is in American English. If you recognize an improperly pronounced scientific name, please let me know and I'll rerecord it! I also accept requests for additional animals; contact me at the support URL.
Toddler Taxonomist supports all models of the iPad, including t |
NASA Satellite Falls to Earth, But Debris Location Still a Mystery - National Geographic
NASA said early Saturday that UARS fell out of orbit sometime between 11:23 p.m. and 1:09 a.m. ET.
Amateur | NASA Satellite Falls to Earth, But Debris Location Still a Mystery - National Geographic
NASA said early Saturday that UARS fell out of orbit sometime between 11:23 p.m. and 1:09 a.m. ET.
Amateur satellite trackers in places such as San Antonio, Texas, and northern Minnesota reported catching glimpses of UARS as it made its final, doomed circles around Earth.
Though the spacecraft plummeted over the Pacific, it's still not clear exactly where debris from the satellite has landed. Pieces of the satellite will be strung along a debris "footprint" stretching 500 miles (800 kilometers).
So far there are "no reports of any damage or injury," NASA said via Twitter close to midday Saturday.
Satellite Pieces Not For Sale!
NASA warned the curious not to touch any pieces of the spacecraft that may have made it to the ground, because of the risk of sharp edges.
The space agency also tried to hea |
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Children Learn What They Live
Everyone is familiar with | Books & Music
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Children Learn What They Live
Everyone is familiar with the concept that children learn what they live - when it comes to manners and education. This also applies to home environments. If a child lives in chaos they will perpetuate it as an adult (unless they make a strong stand and overcome that - which doesn't happen very often). If a child lives in an organized, clean environment they will grow up and do the same.
It is important when we are rearing our children that we involve them in the process - because, like it or not, they are involved in the outcome - both now and in the future. If you want your children to be good readers, you read to them as frequently as you can, right? So, if you want your children to be clean and organized you have to live in a clean and organized home environment and then have expectations that they will help.
I am a firm believer that children need to be taught the upkeep and care of homes. Each age should be responsible for different things and by the time they are 18 (and ready to move out and be on their own) they will have a working knowledge of what it takes to maintain and keep their environment tidy. This includes being able to work with others, having roommate situations, etc. It is important that we as adults teach this to them.
There are many examples of people who believe in the concept of children learning what they live. There are lots of resources that can help you be organized and keep up on your daily cleaning tasks. Whatever you choose to use - involve your children. Set the example for them and encourage them to do the same. All it takes is a little love and encouragement and your children can and will flourish with their cleaning responsibilities. I believe that deep inside (sometimes way, way, way deep inside!) they yearn to be responsible and to be allowed to live in a organized environment with ru |
Pregnant patients' rights
Pregnancy rights refers to a pregnant women’s right in relation to the medical care and decisions they can make both prior to pregnancy and during pregnancy. There are many debates that arise from pregnancy rights, ranging from | Pregnant patients' rights
Pregnancy rights refers to a pregnant women’s right in relation to the medical care and decisions they can make both prior to pregnancy and during pregnancy. There are many debates that arise from pregnancy rights, ranging from whether or not fertility treatments are ‘right’ or whether using surrogate mothers is wrong. It comes down to the mother’s right. As a woman, there are more challenges than just the fundamentals of the decisions surrounding their pregnancy. Maternity leave, parental leave and the time allotted for these leaves varies from company to company.
The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) gathered in Cairo in September 1994 to discuss and “formulate a consensus position on population and development for the next 20 years”. One of the other goals was to make education and medical services available to women while they are pregnant, and when the time comes, have delivery options available. A main concern has always been postnatal care; people think that the hardest part is the birth of the child but there are so many additional concerns once the child is born and brought into this world. Complications both prior to pregnancy, during delivery, and after delivery are a potential concern in all births, the ICPD talked about enhancing the available support for all women. Pregnancy rights throughout the world are not going to be the same in every single place but the ICPD is aiming to eliminate discrimination during pregnancy and make all pregnant patients’ rights available to everyone.
Nurses and patients sometimes run into troubles because their opinions will often vary in what they think should be done in terms of termination or pre/post natal care. As Kane, 2009 states “The NMC code of professional conduct states that: ‘you must make the care of people your first concern”’ enforcing that the nurses opinions really should be kept to themselves so as to not influence the decision of the patients.
- Laufer-Ukeles, P. (2011). "Reproductive Choices and Informed Consent: Fetal Interests, Women's Identity, and Relational Autonomy". American Journal Of Law & Medicine 37 (4): 567–623.
- "Your pregnancy rights". 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
- McIntosh, C. A., & Finkle, J. L. (1995). "The Cairo conference on population and development: A new paradigm?.". Population and Development Review 21 (2): 223–260.
- Kane, R. (2009). "Conscientious objection to termination of pregnancy: the competing rights of patients and nurses". Journal Of Nursing Management 17 (7): 907–912. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2008.00888.x.
|This human reproduction article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| |
Final module 6 almost done1Presentation Transcript
and the advances it brings By Chelsey Fowler The New World of Technology “ Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is the most important | Final module 6 almost done1Presentation Transcript
and the advances it brings By Chelsey Fowler The New World of Technology “ Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is the most important” Bill Gates states.
Article 1 Students Technology In the Classroom
In this article it described many different positive aspects about technology and how it ’s made such a positive difference on education, society and people in general.
On this website you will be able to reach article about how online teaching is becoming more and more popular each and everyday. There are more three very important advances regarding technology:
Educators should use technology in the classroom because its wide range of uses and forms has the potential to reach students of all learning styles, as well as be more efficient.
The interest and motivation that technology induces in students makes its usage in schools important.
Educators better prepare students for the future when using technology aimed at addressing each learning style.
The website shows as many different useful tips and examples to explain why technology is helpful but the Aspen Institute of Communication Society is also states,
" The creative use of these technologies has the potential to engage young people and instill an excitement about learning in ways that few traditional teaching aids and techniques seem capable of doing."
With technology it gives people a chance to explore the unknown but to also make use of how quickly things are evolving in society.
Below is a link of how K-12 students are willing to learn more but with technology in the sense.
Article 1 Reflection
This article really made realize how much technology we as society rely on today and how much more we have come in the past ten years with research and new inventions.
This website is very informative in regards to mentioning facts with The Aspen Institute of Communication Society. In this article, with that being mentioned made me want to go to the website to research it.
That shows how technology carries so much of our attention in everyday life. I like how in the article it mentioned how technology has helped students that have needed extra help or attention and technology has been a useful tool to use.
Article 2 Integrating Technology In the Classroom
This article has not only the perspectives of the positives of technology but also the negatives. It differentiates the positives and negatives of how technology has been introduced.
It gives an argument if technology really is all that it is made up to be.
Integrating technology is also an important topic because of how technology acts as a change catalyst.
George Siemens, in his presentation at Educause on January 27, 2008, said,
“ Current developments with technology and social software are significantly altering: a) how learners access information and knowledge, and b) how learners dialog with the instructor and with each other.”
Web 2.0 technologies such as blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, etc. will continue to impact how information is created and distributed.
When using technology in the classroom does at risk students improve?
Improved writing skills when using technology in the classroom
Article 2 summary continued
In this article it will have examples of how technology has been able to be integrated into classroom.
There are always going to be a variety of different students learning at different speeds an in multiple ways.
The graph here shows how Technology has four main things to focus on, creativity, productivity, communication and identity.
All of which these play an important part in explaining what technology is all about.
Reflection for article 2
I think this article made me really think about the previous classes that I have taken in regards to communication and also talking about integrating certain aspects into the class.
This article helped me more on refreshing my memory on what steps to take to bring more of a different thing into a class then the ordinary. With teaching for example, you have to have multiple different ideas and a variety of ways that you will be able to teach not just one of your students but every single one of them.
On the other hand there are many educators question whether students in online classes learn as much or receive the same quality of instruction as students in the face-to-face classroom (Cooper, 2001). Although students who enroll in online classes generally like the flexibility and convenience offered, they may not be beneficial to them.
Social Networking In Schools: Educators Debate The Merits Of Technology In Classrooms
This article not o |
A perforation is a hole in the wall of the digestive tract. A
perforation may occur anywhere in the digestive tract and may occur
A perforation of the digestive tract can be life-threatening. It can
cause severe pain and | A perforation is a hole in the wall of the digestive tract. A
perforation may occur anywhere in the digestive tract and may occur
A perforation of the digestive tract can be life-threatening. It can
cause severe pain and bleeding. The material inside the intestines can leak
into the hollow space of the abdomen (abdominal cavity) and cause an infection
(peritonitis). Emergency surgery is needed when a perforation has
January 9, 2013
William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & David Messenger, MD
How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. |
By now you know the best way to get over the flu is to stay home and get plenty of rest.
But there's one thing you may be forgetting.
Every time you brush your teeth, you should disinfect your toothbrush. Dr. | By now you know the best way to get over the flu is to stay home and get plenty of rest.
But there's one thing you may be forgetting.
Every time you brush your teeth, you should disinfect your toothbrush. Dr. Brooks Woodward, the dental director at Chase Brexton Health Services says dipping your toothbrush in mouthwash for at least a minute will help kill germs.
And when you get better from the flu, you should throw out the old toothbrush and get a new one.
Dr. Woodward says, "The flu virus can live on objects for up to 6 hours. But if you imagine an object that's wet and has saliva on it, it could probably live there even longer. And you're just going to keep on putting something like that back into your mouth, it's going to inhibit you from getting a little bit better, your brushing your tongue with it, you're brushing your teeth, your gums, it's going to have a lot of germs on it."
Dr. Woodward says everyone should change their toothbrush every 3 to 6 months o |
Rice University engineers reverse ubiquitous metabolic pathway to enable speedy microbial production of fuels, chemicals
11 August 2011
|Comparison of n-alcohols synthesis via the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (top) and the engineered reversal of the β | Rice University engineers reverse ubiquitous metabolic pathway to enable speedy microbial production of fuels, chemicals
11 August 2011
|Comparison of n-alcohols synthesis via the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (top) and the engineered reversal of the β-oxidation cycle (bottom). Dellomonaco et al. Click to enlarge.|
Rice University engineering researchers have developed a new method for rapidly converting glucose into biofuels and renewable petrochemical substitutes by reversing the ubiquitous β-oxidation metabolic pathway in bacteria. The work is reported in the journal Nature.
Species ranging from single-celled bacteria to humans use β-oxidation to break down fatty acids and generate energy. Ramon Gonzalez, associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Rice and lead co-author of the Nature study, and his team reversed the β-oxidation cycle by selectively manipulating about a dozen genes in the bacteria Escherichia coli—i.e., essentially reversing the process cells use to break apart fatty acids. On a cell-per-cell basis, the bacteria produced butanol about 10 times faster than any previously reported organism.
Advanced (long-chain) fuels and chemicals are generated from short-chain metabolic intermediates through pathways that require carbon-chain elongation. The condensation reactions mediating this carbon–carbon bond formation can be catalysed by enzymes from the thiolase superfamily, including β-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein (ACP) synthases, polyketide synthases, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthases, and biosynthetic thiolases. Pathways involving these enzymes have been exploited for fuel and chemical production, with fatty-acid biosynthesis (β-ketoacyl-ACP synthases) attracting the most attention in recent years.
Degradative thiolases, which are part of the thiolase superfamily and naturally function in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, can also operate in the synthetic direction and thus enable carbon-chain elongation. Here we demonstrate that a functional reversal of the β-oxidation cycle can be used as a metabolic platform for the synthesis of alcohols and carboxylic acids with various chain lengths and functionalities.
This pathway operates with coenzyme A (CoA) thioester intermediates and directly uses acetyl-CoA for acyl-chain elongation (rather than first requiring ATP-dependent activation to malonyl-CoA), characteristics that enable product synthesis at maximum carbon and energy efficiency. The reversal of the β-oxidation cycle was engineered in Escherichia coli and used in combination with endogenous dehydrogenases and thioesterases to synthesize n-alcohols, fatty acids and 3-hydroxy-, 3-keto- and trans-Δ2-carboxylic acids.
The superior nature of the engineered pathway was demonstrated by producing higher-chain linear n-alcohols (C≥4) and extracellular long-chain fatty acids (C>10) at higher efficiency than previously reported. The ubiquitous nature of β-oxidation, aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase and thioesterase enzymes has the potential to enable the efficient synthesis of these products in other industrial organisms.—Dellomonaco et al.
The team also showed that selective manipulations of particular genes could be used to produce fatty acids of particular lengths, including long-chain molecules like stearic acid and palmitic acid, which have chains of more than a dozen carbon atoms.
This is not a one-trick pony. We can make many kinds of specialized molecules for many different markets. We can also do this in any organism. Some producers prefer to use industrial organisms other than E. coli, like algae or yeast. That’s another advantage of using reverse-beta oxidation, because the pathway is present in almost every organism.—Ramon Gonzalez
Clementina Dellomonaco, James M. Clomburg, Elliot N. Miller & Ramon Gonzalez (2011)Engineered reversal of the β-oxidation cycle for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. Nature doi: 10.1038/nature10333
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Trans World Airlines—Dawn to Dusk, Part I
As TWA ended its 71 years of continuous operations, it was the United States' longest flying air carrier.
Air Line Pilot, September 2001, p. 10 | Trans World Airlines—Dawn to Dusk, Part I
As TWA ended its 71 years of continuous operations, it was the United States' longest flying air carrier.
Air Line Pilot, September 2001, p. 10
By Esperison Martinez, Jr.
Trans World Airlines, with one of the most recognized U.S. airline symbols, TWA, departs the world’s skies in almost the same industry environment in which it came into being—the end of an unfettered period of expansion marked by consolidation of airlines. Born of a 1930 merger, TWA had most of its assets purchased by American Airlines on April 9, 2001, to end TWA’s run as the longest-flying air carrier in U.S. commercial aviation. Still, its 71 years of flying millions of passengers throughout the world, of recording achievements that won’t be quickly duplicated, of establishing sterling standards of operations, safety, and professionalism, mean that it will forever be recorded in the annals of aviation history as one of America’s most prestigious airlines.
TWA was created on Oct. 1, 1930, when Transcontinental Air Transport and Western Air Express merged to become Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc. (T&WA).
Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) had been formed on May 16, 1928. The carrier’s financial backers named Charles A. Lindbergh to head the technical committee that oversaw development of the line and made all initial decisions involving technical or operational problems. Lindbergh’s influence was so great that TAT became popularly known as "the Lindbergh Line."
At TAT’s helm was Clement M. Keyes, who was a promoter of multimillion-dollar aviation corporations, including National Air Transport (NAT), and who later formed North American Aviation. Paul Henderson, then general manager of NAT, became TAT vice-president. But Lindbergh was in charge of planning and developing TAT’s infrastructure and its route structure, which forsook the lighted airways of mail routes across the country in the early 1920s.
After more than a year, all was in place—routes over new terrain, newly created landing fields, selected aerodromes, new weather reporting facilities, meshed rail/air schedules, and many other operational needs.
Securing pilots to fly the about-to-be-purchased 10 Ford Trimotors was an equally laborious task. Three men took on the job: Paul F. Collins, pilot veteran of World War I and postal mail flying, became general superintendent; John Collings, ex-chief pilot at Ford, headed up TAT’s eastern division; and Max Cornwall, the western. Collins directed the search for pilots with multiengine time, of whom he found few. In all, TAT hired 38 pilots, and 17 needed further training. Many began with fewer than 500 hours. Captains received $500 per month; copilots, $250.
TAT was developed to carry passengers, not mail, unlike most other airlines in those days. TAT’s transcontinental air/rail service would take passengers cross-country in 2 days instead of 3, as rail-only travel required. On the west-to-east schedule, passengers would board a Ford Trimotor at Los Angeles at 8:45 a.m. (PST), deplane at Clovis, N.M., at 6:54 p.m. (MST) for a night rail trip to Waynoka, Okla., via the Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, followed by an 8-hour 8-minute Trimotor flight to Columbus, Ohio, then onto the Pennsylvania Railroad to arrive in New York City the next morning at 10:05.
Lindbergh inaugurated TAT’s coast-to-coast air-and-rail service on July 7, 1929, using east-to-west routing. Ensconced in Gov. C.C. Young’s office in Los Angeles, Lindbergh, at precisely 6:05 p.m. (EST), pushed a button that sent a signal to New York’s Pennsylvania Rail Station where the Airway Limited train awaited. Amid a great deal of fanfare, which included political and cinema celebrities, a band, and radio broadcasts, the Limited caught the signal and moved out on the first leg of the country’s first scheduled transcontinental air-rail link. The train arrived at Columbus, Ohio (Port Columbus) at 7:55 a.m. the next morning. Five thousand people braved drizzling rain to witness the transfer of the 20 transcontinental rail-to-airplane passengers who, having each paid $350 (air portion $290 for a 16-cents-per-mile fare structure), would fly on the next leg aboard the two Ford Trimotors, City of Columbus and City of Wichita. Columbus, departing at 8:15 a.m., was the first aircraft airborne. Capt. Dean Burford, copilot H.H. Zimmerman, and courier D.W. Dudley were the crew members. The first west-to-east flight was made aboard the City of Los Angeles, piloted by Lindbergh and Eddie Ballande, a noted Glenn Curtiss test pilot, Navy World War I instructor, barnstorme |
|Product #: OTM1139_TQ|
Timed Addition Facts (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 1|Grade 2|Grade 3
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase | |Product #: OTM1139_TQ|
Timed Addition Facts (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 1|Grade 2|Grade 3
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
Strengthen students' speed and accuracy on their addition facts. Each drill page concentrates on a specific area. Each level has a daily practice page, a home practice page, an extra practice page and a review test page. 40+ reproducible drill worksheets. The extra practice drill sheet is to be used with students still having difficulty recalling facts quickly and accurately. It is a different approach to the timed drill method. This requires the student to complete the fact with its missing number. This different approach helps the students remember the facts more quickly. Supports Common Core Standards for Mathematics Gr. 1-3.
Submit a review |
NICMOS Camera 2 (NIC2) has a coronagraphic observing mode. A hole was bored through the Camera 2 Field Divider Assembly (FDA) mirror. This hole, combined with a cold mask at the pupil (Lyot | NICMOS Camera 2 (NIC2) has a coronagraphic observing mode. A hole was bored through the Camera 2 Field Divider Assembly (FDA) mirror. This hole, combined with a cold mask at the pupil (Lyot stop), provides coronagraphic imaging capability. Internal cold baffling was designed to screen out residual thermal radiation from the edges of the HST primary and secondary mirrors and the secondary mirror support structures (pads, spider, and mounts). An imag |
Interior Department Approves Cape Wind, the First U.S. Offshore Wind Farm
May 5, 2010
Offshore wind turbines such as these are proposed for the Cape Wind project. Enlarge this image.
After almost a decade | Interior Department Approves Cape Wind, the First U.S. Offshore Wind Farm
May 5, 2010
Offshore wind turbines such as these are proposed for the Cape Wind project. Enlarge this image.
After almost a decade of federal study and analysis, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) approved the Cape Wind project on April 21, allowing the first U.S. offshore wind farm to move ahead. Cape Wind is a 130-turbine wind power project on submerged federal lands in Nantucket Sound off the Massachusetts coast. DOI required the developer of the $1 billion wind farm to agree to additional binding measures to minimize the potential adverse impacts of construction and operation of the facility. Located in a 25-square-mile section of Horseshoe Shoal in Nantucket Sound, the Cape Wind project will have a maximum electric output of 468 megawatts (MW), with an average anticipated output of 182 MW. That's enough to meet 75% of the electricity demand for Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket Island combined. The Cape Wind developer hopes to begin construction by the end of this year. See the Cape Wind press release.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar said that the project's public benefits weighed in favor of its approval, citing the benefits from increased energy independence, reduced pollution, and job creation. Both the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) and the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe have opposed construction of the project, saying it would disturb culturally significant sites on the seabed floor and would visually interfere with their cultural activities, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) agreed. But Secretary Salazar disagreed, noting that Nantucket Sound is far from pristine, already featuring undersea power lines, communication towers along its coasts, and the visual impacts associated with aviation, shipping, fishing, and recreational boating. Those visual impacts are far greater than the impacts of wind turbines located at least 5.2 miles from the mainland, according to Secretary Salazar.
Nevertheless, DOI took several steps to minimize the visual impacts, including reducing the number of turbines from 170 to 130, reconfiguring the array to move it farther away from Nantucket Island and to reduce its breadth when viewed from Nantucket, requiring the developer to paint the turbines off-white to lessen contrast with the sea and sky, reducing nighttime lighting, and minimizing daytime lighting. In terms of seabed cultural and historic resources, DOI is also requiring a detailed marine archaeological survey of the area before construction begins. In addition, a "Chance Finds Clause" in the lease requires the developer to halt operations and notify DOI |
Students take on the Internet of Things with Imagination’s MetaFlow platform
Imagination has a number of close links with universities supporting both research and teaching programmes. One example of this is the Group Design Project which is done as part of the University | Students take on the Internet of Things with Imagination’s MetaFlow platform
Imagination has a number of close links with universities supporting both research and teaching programmes. One example of this is the Group Design Project which is done as part of the University of Southampton Electronic and Computer Science undergraduate Master of Electronic Engineering (MEng) courses. The project lasts for 10 weeks, and the students work in groups of five.
External companies are allowed to propose projects for a group of students to do, and then they support the group throughout the project. We have been involved in the project for a number of years, with students working on audio fingerprinting, JPEG encoding or decoding and motion JPEG.
The MetaFlow ‘Home Recommender’ project
This year we asked the students to produce a Home Recommender system. This analyses the web traffic on a home network, and based on the webpages visited suggests new relevant webpages that people might be interested in (this is similar to Amazon’s “Customers Who Bought This Item Also Bought” system). The students were able to use our latest technologies: Minimorph and FlowWorld, along with the accompanying software. They also got to experience producing a real world system, using technology that has been deployed in millions of shipped products.
The low cost, high performance Meta-based hardware platform known as the Minimorph
The Minimorph ran a HTTP proxy server that performed word frequency analysis on the webpages the users on the home network were accessing. The output of the analysis was sent to an external server. This trawled websites like the BBC and Wikipedia, and again performed word frequency analysis on the webpages that were found. The word frequency results from the Minimorph were compared against the results from the trawled websites. The top matching webpages were then found, and the URLs were put onto FlowWorld. The Minimorph then accessed FlowWorld to get these recommended websites, and displayed the links back to the users.
The project was a great success, and the students managed to get a fully working system. You can see a live demonstration of the final product in the video below:
How to get started with Meta and FlowWorld
If you want to get started writing code for the Minimorph platform, register now on our dedicated Meta Insider website to download the MetaFlow SDK. The Meta Insider forum is an additional source for information – our DevTech team is ready to answer all your Meta-related questions.
For more news about FlowWorld and development advances in Imagination’s Meta-powered embedded system, follow us on Twitter (@ImaginationPR) and subscribe to our blog.
Andrew Bennett contributed to this post. |
Raise means "to make higher," "build," or "nurture and cause to grow." It is normally transitive, that is, the action is done to something or someone else.
Rise means "to get up" or " | Raise means "to make higher," "build," or "nurture and cause to grow." It is normally transitive, that is, the action is done to something or someone else.
Rise means "to get up" or "become elevated." It is never transitive. The past tense is rose; the past parti |
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South African leaders Nelson Mandela and Graca Machel arrive in Seattle on December 8, 1999.
HistoryLink.org Essay 3052
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On December | < Browse to Previous Essay | Browse to Next Essay >
South African leaders Nelson Mandela and Graca Machel arrive in Seattle on December 8, 1999.
HistoryLink.org Essay 3052
: Printer-Friendly Format
On December 8, 1999, former South African president Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) and his wife Graca Machel (b. 1946) land at Boeing Field to begin a three-day visit in Seattle. Govenor Gary Locke (b. 1950), Mayor Paul Schell (b. 1937) and other dignitaries join 800 school children in welcoming the famed freedom fighter and his wife, a noted social reformer from Mozambique. Their visit was arranged by Craig and Susan McCaw through their foundation, with additional support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Russell Family Foundation, Seattle University, and the Seattle Rotary Club.
The visit grew out of a chance encounter between Mandela and Machel and the McCaws at a South African telecommunications conference. Mandela recognized Seattle as one of the first U.S. cities to boycott South African goods to protest the Apartheid regime and Mandela's 27-year imprisonment. Special events were organized by educator Constance Rice (b. 1945), McCaw foundation executive Bob Ratliffe, and others to help raise funds for the Nelson Mandela Foundation and Machel's Community Development Foundation, which specializes in micro-lending to combat poverty.
Mandela and Machel's busy Seattle itinerary included a Rotary-sponsored luncheon concert at Benaroya Hall, a fundraising dinner at the Sheraton Hotel, a breakfast with social service and reform leaders, a special student convocation at Seattle University, a world health conference at the University of Washington, and visits to Seattle's Central Area and Madrona Elementary School. They also paid a call on the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where they received a check for $30 million, before departing on December 10.
The Seattle Times, December 8-11, 1999; Mandela Visit to Seattle website (www.mandelavisit.com).
Note: This essay was updated on December 5, 2013.
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