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If you suspect your pet has ingested poison, remove the pet and any other pets or children from the area immediately. Check the pet's breathing and general condition, but do not administer any antidote or induce vomiting until you've spoken to a
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If you suspect your pet has ingested poison, remove the pet and any other pets or children from the area immediately. Check the pet's breathing and general condition, but do not administer any antidote or induce vomiting until you've spoken to a veterinarian or poison control center, says Pet Poison Helpline.Continue Reading
If you know what the pet has ingested, save a sample of the material along with any packaging. With the package in hand, call your veterinarian or poison control hotline at once. Don't wait to see if the pet gets sick; its chances of survival are greater if it receives prompt emergency care. The doctor or poison control agent can instruct you on what measures to take based on the poison involved, Pet Poison Helpline explains.
In 2014, the most frequently reported cause of poisoning in dogs was chocolate, states Pet Poison Helpline. Ch
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The very first submission Sargent made to the Salon jury in 1877 was accepted: "Fanny" Watts. This was a notable distinction for a first time submission and big things were expected from this young artist.
From early on, from
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The very first submission Sargent made to the Salon jury in 1877 was accepted: "Fanny" Watts. This was a notable distinction for a first time submission and big things were expected from this young artist.
From early on, from his second year submitting (1878), Sargent developed a plan that he would duplicate. It was quite simple and quite effective. On the one hand, he would continue his work with portraits, mastering his teacher even surpassing him. On the other hand he would experiment with scene painting, or something more exotic taken from his travels. It was here that he would take risks and push at the boundaries of his art, showing Parisians he was capable of much more than portraiture.
In 1878 it was his scene painting Oyster Gatherers of Cancale got the attention of the public. The following year, 1879, A Capriote got mixed reviews -- New York loved it, Paris found it odd.
Sargent wasn't concerned. His submission of the portrait of his teacher Carolus-Duran got a resounding applause from the public and receives an Honorable Mention -- a triumph of Carolus-Duranís own student. The reception was so warm, in fact, that Sargent found his relationship with his teacher a bit strained (much to John's distress). But it was time for him to move on.
John could sense his destiny. Not only was he a good artist, but he was being recognized as one of the better artists of his contemporaries. It wouldn't do anymore to just get displayed at the Salon each year. He had a real chance of getting top honors and being recognized as the best -- and he knew it.
That summer (1879), after the Salon, John begins to look for other artistic influences to further broaden his cache. When he traveled to Spain to study Velazquez (1599-1660) and the dark tonal paintings, he also was being influenced by contemporary artists, as any artist is. In Sargent's case, it was the Impressionist movement of Manet and Degas who where, in turn influenced by the growing popularity of Japanese prints.
Another expatriate American artist influenced by these prints was James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903). Whistler had been the first American painter to become famous in Europe. A Southern dandy, Whistler was as renown for his personality as his art. In many ways, Sargent's early years parralleled Whistler's popularity. Besides Whistler, there was no other American painter that could move through Parisian society as easily as Sargent. And none had such promise.
the time Sargent returned to Paris in '79, word had most certainly reached
France about Whistler suing John Ruskin for libel. Whistler had shown his
painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket at the Grosvenor
Gallery, London, and Ruskin, having seen the painting declared in print:
ďI have seen, and heard, much of Cockney impudence before now; but never expected to hear a coxcomb ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public's face."The quote was repeated over and over in the press and Whistler sued. The uproar captivated the young Sargent (1).
Whistler had not been a stranger
to controversy. In 1862 his The White Girl (Symphony in White, No. 1)
was rejected by the Royal Academy, and then by the Paris Salon only
to be shown by the now famous "Salon des Refusés" where it caused
a furor. It would be these two Whistler paintings that would influences
Sargentís own two interpretations of black and white -- Spanish Dance
and Fumée d'Ambre Gris respectively.
|The case between John Ruskin and Whistler had gone to court November of 1878 (Charteris, P.86). However Spanish Dance is dated, there was ample time for John to have heard of the uproar.|
By: Natasha Wallace
Copyright 1998-2004 all rights reserved
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Transform the reading of a great novel into a journey of discovery. This customizable resource offers incredible flexibility as you share and explore great literature with your students. The guide is organized by literary elements and includes Teacher Instructions that provide activity overviews. Student activities
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Transform the reading of a great novel into a journey of discovery. This customizable resource offers incredible flexibility as you share and explore great literature with your students. The guide is organized by literary elements and includes Teacher Instructions that provide activity overviews. Student activities feature text-dependent questions that encourage close analysis and call for evidence to support claims. This resource also includes suggestions for creating and maintaining Interactive Novel Log
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Definition - What does Nyquist's Law mean?
Nyquist’s law is a formula which states that to accurately represent an analog signal in a digital format, two samples per cycle are sufficient. In other words, the analog signal sampling rate must be
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Definition - What does Nyquist's Law mean?
Nyquist’s law is a formula which states that to accurately represent an analog signal in a digital format, two samples per cycle are sufficient. In other words, the analog signal sampling rate must be at least two times the maximum analog frequency to extract all bandwidth information and accurately represent analog signals in a digital format. Sampling rates that slightly exceed twice the suggested frequency level leads to imprecision in filters and other components used for analog to digital conversion.
Nyquist’s law is also known as Nyquist’s Theorem.
Techopedia explains Nyquist's Law
Before sound can be manipulated on a computer as acoustic energy, it must be converted to electrical energy through the use of a transducer, such as a microphone. The sound then must be converted to a di
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This page lists many of the important sources of recorded information about people in Ireland over the last 2-3 centuries, with information about how to access them.
It would be lovely to be able to say that all or even most were available at
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This page lists many of the important sources of recorded information about people in Ireland over the last 2-3 centuries, with information about how to access them.
It would be lovely to be able to say that all or even most were available at one central location, or better still available online, but it isn’t so. A thorough search of Irish records will inevitably involve a lot of legwork, but hopefully this list will at least set you on the right road.
The records fall into these broad categories:
- Census records
- Civil Records of Births, Marriages and Deaths
- Church Records
- Property and land records
- Trades & Occupations
- Miscellaneous records
Fires and Loss of Records
One of the first things many people hear when they start thinking about researching their Irish ancestors is that “all the records were lost in a fire“. So, is that really the case? No. There have been valuable records lost in two fires, but plenty remain.
Fire at the Custom House
This fire, lit by the IRA on June 28th 1922 during the Irish Civil War, was an enormous one by any standards. The building blazed for five days and so intense was the heat that the copper dome melted and the stonework was still cooling five months later.
The purpose of the IRA was to undermine the British administration by destroying tax and local government records.
In the process however they also destroyed numerous precious and valuable historical records, robbing us of hundreds of years of documented history.
The Custom House was later rebuilt and restored, but it’s clear even to-day, from the different colour stone of the drum and dome, how significant the damage was.
Fire at Dublin Castle
This was not the first time Irish records had been so destroyed.
In 1758 a fire at Bermingham Tower in Dublin Castle resulted in the loss of almost all important administrative records in existence at that time, a priceless body of documents which went back as far as the mid 1300s.
In many ways this was a more catastrophic fire than the Custom House one from a historical point of view but it has fewer implications for most genealogical researchers. It has made tracing information earlier than the mid 18th century pretty much a futile exercise for most people.
What Records Were Destroyed?
The list is very long, but from the point of view of those researching their Irish roots to-day the most important losses were:
- A Census was taken in Ireland every 10 years from 1811 on. Records relating to those of 1811 to 1851 were lost in the fire.
- Church of Ireland parish Registers, containing birth and marriage and burial records, some of which dated back to the 17th century were stored in the Custom House and were lost. While many of the records exist still in copy form in local churches, a great central depository was gone forever.
In spite of the fire there is still an enormous wealth of records still in safe keeping, and for many researchers the fire losses will not represent a major setback.
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For my Master’s dissertation project in the New Media program at the Tokyo University of the Arts, I quickly devised a small constructed language, something that would be a tool for me to explore language itself in abstraction. Before I undertook the subject of
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For my Master’s dissertation project in the New Media program at the Tokyo University of the Arts, I quickly devised a small constructed language, something that would be a tool for me to explore language itself in abstraction. Before I undertook the subject of human communication languages, I had been researching programming language design, and in that process came across a paradigm that was new to me, called concatenative. This paradigm is mathematically very elegant, structurally very simple, and in superficial appearance very similar to human written languages. I thought I could use it as a basis for a simple human language, and so I took the main ideas of it and applied them to my design.
My language is not really a language in most traditional senses, if you compare it to existing languages. It does not comprise a lexicon, nor does it have any inherent writing system, or phonetic system. It consists of just a set of rules, and they can be applied in many ways in any pertinent medium (written, oral, electric, etc.,) and is purposely unspecific about other things. It is, if you will, a framework for communication, or a protocol, more than a language as they’re most often thought about.
Programming languages have an explicit feature that is implicit in most human languages, which is that you define words in order to abstract information, to provide order, or to extend the functionality of the language, and this is a very basic part of pretty much any
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Kinematics is the science of motion. In human movement, it is the study of the positions, angles, velocities, and accelerations of body segments and joints during motion.
It's important to define these terms precisely.
Body segments are considered to
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Kinematics is the science of motion. In human movement, it is the study of the positions, angles, velocities, and accelerations of body segments and joints during motion.
It's important to define these terms precisely.
Body segments are considered to be rigid bodies for the purposes of describing the motion of the body. They include the foot, shank (leg), thigh, pelvis, thorax, hand, forearm, upper-arm and head.
Joints between adjacent segments include the ankle (talocrural plus subtalar joints), knee, hip, wrist, elbow and shoulder.
Position describes the location of a body segment or joint in space, measured in metres. A related measure called displacement refers to the position with respect to a starting position. In two dimensions, the position is given in Cartesian co-ordinates, with horizontal followed by vertical position.
In three dimensions all three directions must be defined:
e.g. (1.5, 6.2, 3.2), (2.8, 9.6, 7.8) etc.
Joint angle (also called inter-segmental angle) is the simply the angle between the two segments on either side of the joint, usually measured in degrees and often converted to clinical notation. Since joint angles are relative to the segment angles, they don't change with the body orientation.
Segment angle is quite different. It is the angle of the segment with respect to the right-hand horizontal. Note that it is an absolute measure, meaning that it changes according to the orientation of the body.
Velocity is another word for speed. Velocity may be linear (change in position) measured in metres per second (m/s or ms-1), or angular (change in angle), measured in degrees per second (deg./s or deg.s-1). Normally, velocity is derived from position or angle data by the process of differentiation.
Velocity = distance moved / time taken
Thus if the knee moves from a horizontal position of 1.5 m to a position of 1.6 m in 1/50 of a second, it has a velocity of
Velocity = (1.6 - 1.5) / (1/50)
= 0.1 x 50 = 5 ms-1.
Acceleration is change in velocity. Again, it may be linear (change in linear velcocity) measured in metres per second per second (m/s2 or ms-2), or angular (change in angular velocity), measured in degrees per second per second (deg./s2 or deg.s-2). Acceleration, too, is usually calculated from the position data by differentiating twice. It can also be measured directly by an instrument called an accelerometer.
Use of kinematic measurements
Kinematic measurements are limited in what they can tell us about the causes of motion is - for this we need to look at the kinetics. However, they do provide a description of the motion which can be valuable for certain purposes.
One important observation we can make from looking at the kinematics is the amount of up-down and sideways motion. In actions such as walking and running, the body is attempting to move horizontally across the ground - any other motion, especially vertical, does not help this objective, and uses up precious energy.
If the body had wheels it could avoid vertical motion all together, but since we have legs, there must be some vertical motion. The reason for this is that at heel-strike and toe-off the two legs make up the sides of a triangle, while during mid-stance the stance leg is vertical:
Heel-strike -----------------> Mid-stance -----------------> Toe-off
This has the effect of lowering the upper-body (often called the HAT segment for Head-Arms-Trunk) at heel-strike and toe-off (which together make up the phase known as double stance, when both feet are in contact with the ground), and raising it during mid-stance:
Heel-strike -----------------> Mid-stance -------------> Toe-off
By the way, the funny cross-like sign means the body centre of mass (CoM), which is located in the HAT segment (in the pelvis). In order for the CoM to rise up between heel-strike and mid-stance, energy must be expended, which is not gotten back when it drops back down again at toe-off. This up-down motion of the CoM is therefore inefficient, and we will see the locomotor system has several methods to try to reduce its amplitude.
The Determinants of Gait
After
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Advanced space technology is being found more down-to-earth uses – even within the cars driven on Europe`s roads.
The ESA conference ‘Technology Exchange between Space and Automotive Industry’ is to highlight how spin-offs from space are influencing the evolution of European automobiles
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Advanced space technology is being found more down-to-earth uses – even within the cars driven on Europe`s roads.
The ESA conference ‘Technology Exchange between Space and Automotive Industry’ is to highlight how spin-offs from space are influencing the evolution of European automobiles, heralding improvements in safety, performance and power. It will take place 6 November at ESOC, Darmstadt in Germany.
"Space technology deals with the challenging conditions of launching and space operations," explained Dr. Ulf Merbold, ESA Utilization Promotion Manager. "These extreme environments are drivers for innovative solutions, which can then be applied elsewhere."
Pierre Brisson | alfa
Improved Performance thanks to Reduced Weight
24.07.2017 | Technische Universität Chemnitz
New Headlamp Dimension: Fully Adaptive Light Distribution in Real Time
29.06.2017 | Universität Stuttgart
Strong light-matter coupling in these semiconducting tubes may hold the key to electrically pumped lasers
Light-matter quasi-particles can be generated electrically in semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Material scientists and physicists from Heidelberg University...
Fraun
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Depending on the weather and the ultimate harvest of the crop year, India and China alternate wearing the crown reserved for the world’s largest tea producer.
India produces an astonishing amount of tea from diverse regions such as the lush and tropical Assam Valley,
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Depending on the weather and the ultimate harvest of the crop year, India and China alternate wearing the crown reserved for the world’s largest tea producer.
India produces an astonishing amount of tea from diverse regions such as the lush and tropical Assam Valley, the high Himalaya regions of Darjeeling and Sikkim, and the Nilgiri Blue Mountains region of Tamil Nadu in southern India. The modern commercial tea industry in India is relatively new – it was started in the mid-1800’s by the English, who ruled India as a colony at that time and who began to plant tea in an attempt to break free from their dependence on China’s tea.
Despite the fact that India gained independence from the English in 1947, the style of tea manufacture begun during colonial times still influences tea production today. While India produces a small amount of green and white tea, it is black tea that India is famous for.
Some Indian teas, due to their exquisite flavors, are self-drinking teas (teas of singular character that can be drunk straight, without being blended, such as Darjeeling or the leafy, malty Assam). Other Indian teas are standard teas, produced in great quantity and used for providing strength and backbone to everyday milk-tea blends.
Unlike the Han Chinese who never use milk or sugar in their tea, tea is drunk in India with milk and sugar by locals and visitors alike. In some states of India, chai (tea steeped with spices) is the favored pick-me-up tea.
Click on the following links to view our selection of tea from India:
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Plantar fasciitis/ heel spurs
What is plantar fasciitis?
The plantar fascia is a strong band of connective tissue that supports the arch/soul of the foot. It provides some structural integrity to the small
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Plantar fasciitis/ heel spurs
What is plantar fasciitis?
The plantar fascia is a strong band of connective tissue that supports the arch/soul of the foot. It provides some structural integrity to the small bones of the foot and assists with propulsion of the foot when walking. Plantar fasciitis (inflammation of the plantar fascia) is a common condition affecting adults and results in pain at the bottom of the heel. This pain can extend further to include the side of the heel and the arch of the foot. It is more commonly seen in women and frequently found in overweight individuals. Pregnant women, runners and workers who spend long periods on their feet are also susceptible to plantar fasciitis.
What are the symptoms?
The pain of plantar fasciitis is typically most severe first thing in the morning or upon standing after sitting for a period of time. These first few steps can be extremely painful though often this pain will subside after several minutes of walking. People may get relief from the pain of plantar fasciitis by changing the shoes they wear or by minimising their walking and running. Additionally, some people will get relief by soaking their foot in warm water or massaging the heel of their foot (using their knuckles or even a golf ball).
Plantar fasciitis and heel-spurs
Often patients with plantar fasciitis will be told that they have ‘heel spurs’ (pictured opposite). This is a little misleading as it implies that the bony spur that sometimes forms at the bottom of the heel is responsible for their pain. Many people have spurs on their heel without having any pain at all. Likewise many people have considerable heel pain without any x-ray evidence of a bony spur. The medical and physiotherapy management of plantar fasciitis is not affected by the presence or absence of a spur and hence x-rays are usually not warranted.
Physiotherapy assessment and treatment of plantar fasciitis
Patients with plantar fasciitis will be assessed by their physiotherapist for the likely cause of their pain – poor footwear, altered foot biomechanics, weight gain etc. In patients that present with heel pain (especially children) the physiotherapist must exclude other possible diagnoses such as Severs condition, Achilles tendonitis, septic arthritis, reactive arthritis, osteomyelitis and juvenile arthritis. The physiotherapist will assess the patient’s foot biomechanics to determine if orthotics (inserts that are worn inside the shoe) are necessary. Most footwear can accommodate an orthotic so being told that you need to wear orthotics does not condemn you to a life of unfashionable footwear.
You will then be shown how to stretch your calf muscles as well as the plantar fascia itself. You will need to continue with this regularly each day for at least 1 to 2 weeks as the pain resolves. Ideally, someone you trust (and love dearly) can be shown how to massage your calves and your plantar fascia at home. This regular massage (as simple as it is) can make the world of difference in the recovery time and can SIGNIFICANTLY reduce your physiotherapy costs. Many patients will massage the heel of their foot using a golf ball. It is not a comfortable remedy but the pain of doing it will usually settle within 4 or 5 minutes and, when done each day, this can drastically reduce the recovery time.
Your physiotherapist may also decide to tape your foot – this is ideal in patients who cannot wear orthotics (or whilst their orthotics are being made) and in patients who have only mild biomechanical dysfunction of the foot. Again, someone can readily be taught how to apply this taping (or you can learn to do it to yourself) and this will reduce the amount of physiotherapy you require.
Treating stubborn plantar fasciitis
Physiotherapy should resolve the pain of plantar fasciitis within 10 to 14 days. If progress is slow you may be asked to trial a short course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories whilst you continue with home treatment (stretches, taping, massage etc). Additionally you may be instructed to wear a ‘night splint’ (pictured opposite) – a device that stretches your calf overnight (or for several hours at a time). This is usually used for 1 or 2 weeks and can be very effective in relieving stubborn cases of plantar fasciitis.
In particularly difficult cases (when pain has persisted for more than 6 months) or in situations where symptoms return, patients may be encouraged to have a corticosteroid injection into the heel. This is not a terribly pleasant option and needs to be done by a doctor who is trained in the procedure but it frequently gets very good results. It is important however that you continue with your stretches, taping and massage for at least a further week at home after you have had this injection.
Your physiotherapist can also discuss the use of extracorporeal shockwave diathermy, prolotherapy or surgery for plantar fasciitis.
© Andrew Thompson
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A Comprehensive Guide to
Safe Biological Pest Control
|* Ask a Question *|
|Home About FAQ Quick Reference|
Trichogramma wasps are tiny parasites that attack the eggs of over 200 species of moths and caterpil
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A Comprehensive Guide to
Safe Biological Pest Control
|* Ask a Question *|
|Home About FAQ Quick Reference|
Trichogramma wasps are tiny parasites that attack the eggs of over 200 species of moths and caterpilars. They are extremely small - 4 or 5 will fit on the head of a pin. Trichogramma lays its eggs inside the eggs of moths preventing the moth egg from hatching into a caterpillar. This prevents the damage caused by the feeding caterpillars, and also breaks the life cycle of the pest, effectively preventing the pest from reproducing. In some species of moth up to 5 parasite eggs may be laid in each moth egg. As the parasite develops within the egg, it turns black, and after about 10 days, an adult Trichogramma emerges. Adult Trichogramma can live up to 14 days after emergence.
Some of the common pests Trichogramma combat are: Cabbageworm, Tomato Hornworm, Corn Earworm, Codling Moth, Cutworm, Armyworm, Webworm, Cabbage Looper, Corn Borer, Fruitworms, and Cane Borers.
The wasp larvae kill pests before they damage plants by consuming their eggs. They are shipped while still parasitized in the host egg. You receive what looks like a small piece of sandpaper that has been inoculated with approximately 5,000 eggs. Trichogramma wasps protect plants throughout the growing season. In general, regular releases of Trichogramma ensures generations of mated females ready to attack moth eggs, and improves levels of control. Releases should be started when moths are first detected. Although the Trichogramma is minute, it can seasrch for moth eggs over considerable distances. 12,000 Trichogramma will treat up to 500 sq. ft. For orchards, field crops, etc. use 40,000 - 200,000 per acre on a weekly basis for 4 - 6 weeks during peak seasons. Release at peak egg laying, when adult moths are seen flying. Pheromone traps and visual inspection are necessary for maximum effectiveness.
Description: To describe Trichogramma wasps with one word: tiny. These wasps are one of the smallest insects on the planet. One closely related genus, Megaphragma, is only 0.18 mm in length as a fully-grown adult. To put this in perspective, that is the size of some bacteria! Even though they are small, they still look like wasps, miniature yellow jackets. Trichogramma wasps have constricted abdomens, short antennae and raspberry colored eyes with few facets. As with all wasps, Trichogramma wasps have two pairs of wings and an ovipositor (stinger) on the females. The wings are unusual because they are short stalks with long fringes of hair, instead of the typical membranous wing. Since these critters are so small, not much is known to describe the eggs, larvae or pupae.
Life History: You might be asking now, “Well, why are these things so small and why the heck are they my friends if I can’t even see them?” Trichogramma wasps are small because they are parasitoids of other insect eggs. Yes, there is actually a wasp out there that fully develops to adulthood inside a thrips egg. Basically, here is a snapshot of the life of a Trichogramma wasp. Adult wasps search for a host egg by smell. Most cues to find the host are found by odors emitted by the actual host egg. For example, for Trichogramma that parasitizes moth eggs, the adult wasps use odors from moth scales accidentally knocked off while the moth was laying the eggs. Once the female has found a host egg, she probes it with her ovipositor to determine a few things. She decides that it is an acceptable host only if the host egg is fresh, healthy, and not parasitized by another wasp. If the egg is suitable, she deposits her own egg inside that of the developing host egg. The wasp larva hatches and begins to consume the egg yolk and insect embryo. After the egg is consumed and the wasp completes its larval development, the larva pupates. Many times when the larvae of Trichogramma wasps pupate, they cause the insect egg that they are living in to change in color. In the case of Trichogramma that parasitize moth eggs, the moth egg usually changes to a dark metallic blue. Once the pupal stage is completed, the new adult chews a hole through the egg and emerges. When the adult is out, they immediately smell and inspect the egg that they came from. This is how they find out what kind of cues or odors they should be looking for to find the next host egg.
Beneficial Features: Trichogramma have been used in agriculture for many years to control insect pests. Once they find an area where there are host eggs, they are very good at parasitizing most of them. A tree right here in Bellingham, was infected severely with the cherry bark tortrix. I observed that once Trichogramma wasps learned that there were a lot of good eggs to eat on that tree, they parasitized 98% of the eggs by the end of the season! They are extremely prolific under laboratory conditions and fairly easy to produce in large quantities. In fac
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JEDDAH: Existing research on the effects of children’s exposure to violence covers a broad range of community, family, and media violence. Psychologists confirms that videotaping children who are abused, ridiculed or suffer from violence is bound to
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JEDDAH: Existing research on the effects of children’s exposure to violence covers a broad range of community, family, and media violence. Psychologists confirms that videotaping children who are abused, ridiculed or suffer from violence is bound to have a negative effect on their psychology and social life.
Such films may lead to lack of confidence, fear and cowardice among children. They may lose self-confidence and become victims of fear and timid.
It will also affect their social relations and academic performance as they will lose concentration.
They feel that their privacy has been violated.
Psychologists say that such negative images engraved on the children mind and may cause ridicule from their friends which may not only distract them from their studies but negatively impact their ability to build relationships with peers.
Dr. Tarek Saeed of King Saud University said.” Some people resort to social media in order to make easy money and they post images and videos which they know will resonate with people’s emotions”.
He said. “I do believe it is not right to photograph our children in embarrassing moments, nor is it our right to post such images online. While children’s rights organizations have some manner of control over these things, we need to monitor the phenomenon closely through concerned agencies.”
Dr. Salma Bahshoun of King Abdul Aziz University said. “We have noticed lately that many children are bullied and abused almost daily, and scenes of this are brazenly posted on social media by their caretakers or parents, but this will surely lead to negative future psychological behavior in the children.”
She said.“We must treat and limit this phenomenon through legal regulations that protect the rights of children as well as providing means for children to file complaints.”
She also called for stricter laws and penalties for those who photograph and flim them, weather for financial reasons or anyother reason.
Wafaa Al-Saadi, a former employee at the Ministry of Social Affairs, said “violence could be psychological or physical”.
Educational adviser Hamdan Al-Oweidi said “ridiculing children or abusing them psychologically, as one too often sees on cell phone images, affects the children’s psyche, personality and confidence in an extremely negative way”.
He said. “Subjecting children to cynicism and ridicule makes them lose confidence and self-esteem, and thus they grow to make use of the same behavior with others. People who
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Although you might think that the structure of your brain is formed before you are born and does not change, this actually isn’t the case. As we grow and learn, the brain is constantly making new connections and pathways between different areas. It used
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Although you might think that the structure of your brain is formed before you are born and does not change, this actually isn’t the case. As we grow and learn, the brain is constantly making new connections and pathways between different areas. It used to be believed that anything which had not been developed by a ‘critical period’ during childhood would be lost, with little change after this time, although we now know this is not true.
For example, our different skills and experiences can help to shape our brain. This has been particularly studied using musicians, as extensive practice and repetition of certain fine-tuned motor actions can result in more of the motor cortex being involved in directing the actions of the hand and fingers.
Pascual-Leone et al (1995) found that novices learning to play a simple exercise on a piano over 5 days showed an increase in size in the cortical areas involved in the movement of the fingers. Schlaugh (2001) carried out fMRI to compare the size of the intrasulcal length (part of the motor cortex) in professional musicians and controls, and found it was much longer for musicians in the right hemisphere (which controls the left hand). This is shown in the image below, taken from this paper.
It is through the process of brain plasticity that new memories are formed. Motor memories such as becoming more accomplished at music are one type of memory which alter the brain structure, but our personal memories also change our brain. This occurs through the process of Long-term Potentiation (LTP), which is the process of connections between cells at synapses strengthened. It mainly occurs in the hippocampus and other cortical areas responsible for our long term memories. This process is illustrated by the image below:
Brain plasticity is also encouraged in treatment and rehabilitation from brain injury. For example, after a stroke it has been found that giving excitatory stimulation to the damaged areas can improve function (e.g. improving language function – Szaflarski et al, 2011). Just by encouraging movement in people who have had a stroke can also help them to regain function of limbs on their impaired side.
Thank you for reading and don’t forget to check back next week for another post!
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(Ruminating in the wee hours on google searches and echo chambers.)
The echo chamber effect describes where a person or group who repeatedly (mainly) only hears their own views echoed back to them.
My experience of this effect at work is what
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(Ruminating in the wee hours on google searches and echo chambers.)
The echo chamber effect describes where a person or group who repeatedly (mainly) only hears their own views echoed back to them.
My experience of this effect at work is what I have seen from groups touting anti-vaccine views, religious ideology, or supporting particular ‘alternative’ remedies, but it applies more widely.
One effect of repeating variants on the same answer can be re-enforcing of more extreme versions of the original information, which can then be taken as the accepted view by the group.
Echo chambers and advocacy groups
Advocacy groups of all kinds encourage their followers to favour their views over the views of others. They’re advocating a particular position, after all.
The better groups engage fairly with other views, particularly if they might learn something new from them.
Some groups, however, favour excluding alternative views entirely so that their group only ’hear’ what the group’s organiser wants the group to hear.
It’s particularly easy to exclude other views on-line, as most software supporting group discussion have features offering moderation or elimination of comments. The organiser is then free to remove comments that differ or oppose their own, leaving their group ’hearing’ their own voices re-affirming their existing beliefs. (By contrast, one of the key things about science is that it operates by testing ideas, not by seeking to shore them up.)
Search for better information
Ideally searching for information should prompt testing of entrenched ideas, provided reliable sources are identified and used. This brings up how to identify reliable sources – one reason I wrote Sources for medical information for non-medics and non-scientists. I’m not going to get into that topic, unfortunately, as I have a different axe to grind.
A common phrase suggesting another should search for information–if a little too often abused–is ’Google it.’
Google results are neither curated or vetted for reliability, but potentially it’s worse than that.
The google search personalisation feature may be creating a echo chamber effect to individual users.
Are google personalised searches creating an echo chamber effect?
A little while ago I was reading an article by Frank, Google: how to un-personalise your search, that introduced an article by Cyrus Shepard suggesting how to remove google’s ‘per
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How To Combat WiFi Security Risks When Connecting To A Public Network
The specifics of why an unsecure connection can be a problem is more obscure, however – as are the methods that can be used to beef up your security even when using an
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How To Combat WiFi Security Risks When Connecting To A Public Network
The specifics of why an unsecure connection can be a problem is more obscure, however – as are the methods that can be used to beef up your security even when using an unsecured public hotspot. Let's have a look at the exact WiFi security risks of public networks, and the solutions available to counter those risks.
Ah! My Airwaves!
The problem of unsecured wireless networks is a part of the way radios work. Unless specifically designed to do so, a radio won't broadcast in any particular direction. It will send information across the airwaves in all directions.
As a result, anyone nearby can potentially pick up the data sent by a wireless radio, and if that data is unsecured, it can be read. WiFi security works by encrypting the data sent. It can still be picked up, but can't be easily read because of the algorithm used to scramble it.
Most people understand this broad summary of the issue, but it's actually a bit misleading, because it seems to imply that someone can simply open a notepad, connect to a public network, and watch passwords drop in. In truth, obtaining data even over a public WiFi network requires a certain level of knowledge about software such as WiFi scanners, and your average person simply doesn't possess the necessary skills. Yes, there are tools like the FireSheep extension for Firefox that can hijack sessions easily in theory, but in practice some technical knowledge is usually required to do anything truly malicious.
HTTPS Security Is Your Friend
Attempts to read data can sometimes be thwarted by the first line of defense on a public WiFi network – site or service encryption. For example, when you type in and send your password across a network, it does not need to be, and ideally should not be, sent as "plain text". It should instead be encrypted via HTTPS or SSL. The same goes for all potentially sensitive information.
Many sites will automatically switch to HTTPS when you visit a page that requires the exchange of potentially sensitive information. Some sites, like Google, Twitter and Facebook, give you the option to remain in HTTPS at all times. You can decrease your risk when using any public network by making sure that any site on which you are entering potentially sensitive information is secured. Usually this is as simple as watching for the "https" prefix on the URL. If you're on a public network, and the site is not secured, then just wait until you're home before entering any important information.
Use a VPN
Although HTTPS can be great, it does depend on the website's implementation, which is something you have no control over. A poorly designed HTTPS site could have huge security holes – and it's never wise to assume that a site has great security just because it's popular.
A VPN is a great way to make public WiFi secure for your use 100% of the time. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, and it's a method of creating a secured connection even on a network that is public and unsecured. Instead of connecting directly to the Internet, you connect to a specific server, which is itself connected to the Internet. The connection between your device and the server is encrypted, so the information you send is protected even on unsecured WiFi.
There are quite a few different ways to set up a VPN, but the easiest is to use a free VPN service. Free use of a VPN is usually limited to a certain amount of traffic per day or month, after which you'll have to pay for more bandwidth. The speed of your connection might also be handicapped unless you pay up.
Tunnel For Safety
Another common method of creating a secure connection even on public WiFi is to use tunneling. Leave your shovel in the shed – this method is a server capable of SSH protocol.
Tunneling is the process of placing a packet sent via a specific network protocol inside another packet using a different network protocol. In the case of SSH tunneling, all packets are placed inside SSH packets, which are encrypted. The packets are then sent to the designated SSH server.
This method can also be used to work around attempts to block access to specific websites, which can be handy if you're on a WiFi hotspot that's trying to prevent you from accessing certain content without paying up. You can tunnel either by using a virtual server or by using your own server, which presumably would be left at home.
The best way to make sure your information isn't obtained when using a public WiFi network is to not send any sensitive information over the network. This is not always practical, however, so the methods above can help provide extra security.
Of the three, relying on HTTPS is by far the worst, because only specific information will be encrypted and that information is designated by the site, rather than the user. Still, it's better than nothing.
Let us know in the comments if you have any other good WiFi security tips for protecting yourself while on a public WiFi network.
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Less common than other food allergies, fish allergies are not usually first observed in young children and may not become apparent until adulthood.
40% of people reporting fish allergy had no case with the allergy until they became adults.
Fish is of several types.
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Less common than other food allergies, fish allergies are not usually first observed in young children and may not become apparent until adulthood.
40% of people reporting fish allergy had no case with the allergy until they became adults.
Fish is of several types. Some develop an allergy to finned fish while others to shellfish. It is seen that people suffering from allergy to one type can freely consume fish from the other set while there are some who need to stay away from all types.
How to detect fish allergy?
The fish mix skin prick test is used to detect fish allergy. The mix contains cod, mackerel, tuna, and salmon. It is possible that one is allergic to a type while not to others, hence separate testing may be necessary.
Most people suffer from allergic reactions on consuming fish, but some may also react to touching fish and inhaling vapors when it is being cooked.
Though the initial reactions were mild, it can sometimes cause severe reaction later on. Unless it is possible to detect exactly which fish causes the allergy, it is best to avoid eating all fish types.
Some people develop the allergy later in the life and may continue to experience the symptoms for the rest of their life.
For a child with fish, allergy considers having an injectable epinephrine on hand. The doctor will prescribe the injection if needed. Those taking care of the kid should be made aware of the allergy and the child made to wear a medical alert bracelet.
An allergic reaction in a person occurs when the body mistakes the protein in fish to be a certain harmful element and releases antibodies to fight it.
The body’s immune system works hard to fight the foreign body and results in reactions. Chemical called histamine is released during the process.
What Reactions Does a Fish Allergy Produce?
• trouble breathing
• throat tightness
• itchy, watery, or swollen eyes
• a drop in blood pressure, causing giddiness or loss of consciousness
• red spots
A child may suffer from all or only some of the symptoms and in varying measures each time.
Fish can also cause Anaphylaxis, which is life threatening. If the child is suffering from any of the symptoms especially breathing problem, inject epinephrine right away.
Emergency Phone Number
Call the number 911 and take him to the emergency room.
Older kids are trained by the doctor on how to use it themselves. If the child is known to suffer from the severe reaction, the injection must be avail
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On Sept. 1, an audience of experts took part in a blind test of five violins. One of the violins was a $2 million Stradivarius, made in 1711 by the greatest stringed-instrument maker
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On Sept. 1, an audience of experts took part in a blind test of five violins. One of the violins was a $2 million Stradivarius, made in 1711 by the greatest stringed-instrument maker of all time. Another was a modern violin made of wood that had been specially treated by Professor Francis Schwarze of the Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research. Schwarze used two fungi to alter Norwegian spruce and sycamore to closely resemble the wood Stradivarius used, then commissioned a violin maker to build an instrument with them. The listeners were asked to identify the Strad, and 113 picked Schwarze's violin. The actual Stradivarius got only 39 votes.
One theory has it that Stradivarius' violins sound better because the craftsman lived in a brief climatic period that produced particularly high-quality wood
Next The Nissan Leaf
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Flint corn, or Indian corn, is one of the oldest varieties of corn, a type that Native Americans taught the early colonists how to cultivate. Its kernels, which come in a range of colors including white, blue and red, have
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Flint corn, or Indian corn, is one of the oldest varieties of corn, a type that Native Americans taught the early colonists how to cultivate. Its kernels, which come in a range of colors including white, blue and red, have??hard as flint?? shells, giving this type of corn its name. Flint corn kernels contain a small amount of soft starch surrounded completely by a larger amount of hard starch, which means the kernels shrink uniformly when drying and are dent-free and less prone to spoiling (and therefore ideal for autumnal d??cor). Despite its tough exterior, this type of corn can be consumed by livestock and humans, and is used in such dishes as hominy and polenta. Approx. 33 Seeds/Pkg.
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Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, And Geological Catastrophes: New Translations And Interpretations Of The Primary Texts
ISBN : 9780226731070
Availability: Only 5 Left In-stock.
Georges
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Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, And Geological Catastrophes: New Translations And Interpretations Of The Primary Texts
ISBN : 9780226731070
Availability: Only 5 Left In-stock.
Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and Geological Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of the Primary Texts
French zoologist Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) helped form and bring credibility to geology and paleontology. Here Martin J. S. Rudwick provides the first modern translation of Cuvier's essential writings on fossils and catastrophes and links these translated texts together with his own insightful narrative and interpretive commentary.
"Martin Rudwick has done English-speaking science a considerable service by translating and commenting on Cuvier's work.... He guides us through Cuvier's most important writings, especially those which demonstrate his new technique of comparative anatomy."—Douglas Palmer, New Scientist
Specifications of Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and Geological Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of the Primary Texts
|Author||Martin J. S. Rudwick|
|Publisher||University Of Chicago Press|
|Number Of Pages||318|
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Many young people have difficulty deciding where they will live when the time comes to leave home and make their own way in the world. Among the more common alternatives are sharing a house or flat with other young people, and finding full board and lodgings
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Many young people have difficulty deciding where they will live when the time comes to leave home and make their own way in the world. Among the more common alternatives are sharing a house or flat with other young people, and finding full board and lodgings in someone else’s home.
Renting a house with other young people offers the advantage of a high degree of freedom and independence. On the down side, renting involves a variety of responsibilities that may be more than you wish to take on. This would mean you would be responsible for making large rental payments if one or more of the people you are sharing with should move out of the house or flat. It might also mean that you are held financially responsible if they damage the dwelling.
Finding board and lodgings, on the other hand, has significant advantages. Generally you have no responsibility for the cleaning or maintenance of the dwelling or its gardens, other than to take reasonable care of your room. However, living in board and lodging circumstances has its drawbacks too. You have less freedom and flexibility in your lifestyle.
In the end, the decision each person makes will depend on their own personal valuing of independence and of convenience, as well as their feeling of readiness for taking on the considerable financial and other responsibilities of house or flat rental.
1. The text mainly discusses about
sharing a house
cleaning a house
deciding where to live
renting a house
finding full board
2. Finding board and lodgings, on the other hand, has significant advantages.
The underlined word means
rooms rented to live
supply of materials
work of cutting down trees
ability to convince
3. The writers purpose of writing the text is
a. to present two points of view about deciding where to
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England’s worst ever mining disaster has been brought to life using cutting edge 3D technology.
Former miner Alan Andrews has used computer generated imagery to tell the tale of the disaster on 12th December 1886, when almost 400 people
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England’s worst ever mining disaster has been brought to life using cutting edge 3D technology.
Former miner Alan Andrews has used computer generated imagery to tell the tale of the disaster on 12th December 1886, when almost 400 people died in explosions at the Oaks Colliery in Barnsley.
Alan has worked with the Dearne Valley Landscape Partnership to showcase the technology during two drop-in sessions at the Experience Barnsley museum, on January 14 and January 28.
Wearing a special headset, members of the public can place themselves at the centre of the events that unfolded 150 years ago. They can experience what it would have been like both above ground and within the Victorian mine when the explosions went off, with the chaos brought to life in 3D.
Alan, who lives in Darfield and worked at Goldthorpe Colliery in the
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- Education and Science»
- History & Archaeology
Ten Greatest Archaeological Artifacts
These precious objects have enhanced our knowledge of civilization
Many great archaeological artifacts have been found over the decades and centuries. This list provides what could be some of
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- Education and Science»
- History & Archaeology
Ten Greatest Archaeological Artifacts
These precious objects have enhanced our knowledge of civilization
Many great archaeological artifacts have been found over the decades and centuries. This list provides what could be some of the more significant ones; in fact, a couple could be considered the most priceless objects in the world; many could also be considered icons of civilization.
Please keep in mind this compilation is not in any particular order and is meant to be more fun than anything else. So, all you enthusiasts of archaeology, let’s peruse the list and compare notes at the end:
1. Sarcophagus of Pakal the Great
Pakal the Great was a seventh century Mayan ruler who, during a long, 68-year reign (he was 80 when he passed), is notable for building many inscriptions and much of the monumental architecture at Palenque, one of the finest Mayan city-states. When Pakal died in A.D. 683, he was buried in a tomb beneath a stunning Mayan pyramid known to archaeologists as the Temple of Inscriptions. Perhaps the most impressive aspect of Pakal’s burial is the lid to his sarcophagus, which seems to show Pakal as he operates some fantastic machine. Enthusiasts of ancient astronauts such as Eric von Daniken claim Pakal was a space man who journeyed to earth to teach earthlings the finer points of civilization. Others associate Pakal with the legendary Quetzalcoatl. At any rate, Pakal was certainly great!
2. Bust of Queen Nefertiti
Queen Nefertiti goes way back – 3,300 years or so. Married to Pharaoh Akhenaton, one of the first proponents of monotheistic religion, Nefertiti, which means “the beautiful one has come,” is considered one of the greatest women of antiquity and has become an icon of Egyptian culture in particular and femininity in general. The bust is comprised of painted limestone and was created in 1345 B.C.E. by the sculptor Thutmose during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, maybe the most well-known of all Egyptian dynasties. The bust was rediscovered in Egypt 1912 and then passed around in parts of Germany, where it now resides. But the Egyptian government wants it back! Who would want to be separated from Queen Nefertiti for long?
3. Antikythera mechanism
At times artifacts are discovered that don’t equate what we think we know about the development of science and technology. Found on the Antikythera shipwreck about 1900 off the southern coast of Greece, the Antikythera mechanism is perhaps the quintessential anachronistic device. Made about 100 B.C.E., the mechanism’s use of differential gearing, advanced workmanship and complexity, wasn’t produced with regularity until the fourteenth century! The device was used to compute astronomical positions and is often considered the world’s first analog computer. Some experts think the mechanism may have been produced by Archimedes of Syracuse, one of the greatest scientists and engineers of late antiquity. Professor Michael Edmunds calls the Antikythera mechanism more valuable than the Mona Lisa.
4. Mask of Agamemnon
When Heinrich Schliemann excavated the site of Mycenae in 1876, he discovered a number of artifacts, perhaps the most prominent of which was the so-called Mask of Agamemnon. Schliemann found the mask covering the face of a body in a burial shaft. Nobody knows for certain whom this exquisite golden mask represents. Scientists speculate it could depict Agamemnon, a Mycenaean king who ruled during the mythical Trojan War. But the artifact has been dated to about 1500 B.C.E., which is before the time of Agamemnon, roughly 1200 to 1300 B.C.E. Interestingly, Agamemnon is mentioned in both the Odyssey and Iliad, the two great epic poems of ancient Greece. As the tale goes, hoping to recover Helen of Sparta, who'd been kidnapped by Paris, Prince of Troy, Agamemnon led military forces to the city of Troy in Turkey, another site excavated by Schliemann. Even if it may not be the Mask of Agamemnon, archaeologists can still dream!
5. Golden Ram Figurine at Ur
In what could be one of the greatest archaeological expeditions of all time, Sir Leonard Woolley excavated the Royal Cemetery at Ur in southern Iraq in 1928 and 1929. And certainly one of Woolley’s greatest finds is the Golden Ram Figurine, which dates from 2400 to 2600 B.C
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The Ventures English as a second language adult education program is a standards-based program featuring topic-specific units, each containing six clearly defined lessons formatted for clarity and ease of use by the student. The program teaches vocabulary and language skills in the context and settings
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The Ventures English as a second language adult education program is a standards-based program featuring topic-specific units, each containing six clearly defined lessons formatted for clarity and ease of use by the student. The program teaches vocabulary and language skills in the context and settings of daily life: school, work, family and community. Student books, Ventures Basic and Ventures 1 through 4, are built around real-life themes, such as shopping, leisure and health.Continue Reading
At each level students focus on the functions of language, listening and speaking, vocabulary and grammar in the context of these themes. Other featured themes
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Native American Legends
The Partridge Spirit
An Algonquin Legend
One red autumn, two brothers went on a hunting expedition for their
tribe. They come to the source of the Penobscott river and there
they stayed
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Native American Legends
The Partridge Spirit
An Algonquin Legend
One red autumn, two brothers went on a hunting expedition for their
tribe. They come to the source of the Penobscott river and there
they stayed all winter. They had no woman with them to do all the
tasks that make a hunter thankful.
So most of the daily tasks fell upon the younger brother who said
to his older brother, "I wish there were a woman in our wigwam
to mend and cook, to sew and clean for us."
"Well, our mother and sisters are at home, brother. We must
do the best we can," replied the older brother. By the time
spring came around, their snowshoes were broken and their moccasins
were full of holes.
One day, when the snow was still hard and icy, the younger brother
came home to find that the wigwam was clean and tidy! A fire was
burning and there was hot water already boiling in the pot. He said
nothing to his brother, but the next day, he returned home early
in order to spy on the wigwam. In the light of the dying sun, he
saw a beautiful maiden step through the woods and busy herself about
the household tasks. She was smaller and more delicate than any
woman he had ever seen. He stepped into the wigwam and greeted her,
"Thank you, maiden, for the work you've been doing. It's very
hard for hunters to be alone during the harsh winter."
She replied, "Your brother is coming. I am frightened of him.
But I will see you tomorrow if you come home early." With that,
she slipped away.
The young hunter said nothing to his brother, but the next day
he crept home early and there was the maiden again. Together they
played in the snow like children. Just before the sun went down,
the young hunter begged her, "Please stay with me forever.
My heart was never so happy as now."
The maiden frowned. "Speak to your brother tonight. Tell him
everything. Maybe I will stay and serve you both, for I can make
snowshoes and moccasins, and build canoes." With that, she
When the elder brother came home, he listened eagerly to his young
brother, then said, "It seems that we have been lucky! I would
be very glad to have a woman help us and care for our camp."
The next morning, the maiden came again. Behind her she pulled
a toboggan piled high with hand - sewn garments and finely worked
weapons. She greeted both the brothers, who exclaimed at the beauty
of the clothes and weapons. "I too am a hunter," was all
she would say and she set to work.
The rest of the snowbound spring passed quickly. The maiden cared
for the hunters, sewing, mending and making herself useful in ways
that they both quickly took for granted. They also seemed to be
particularly lucky in their hunting. They soon had many furs and
were ready to return to their tribe.
When the snow began to thaw, the brothers returned home by canoe
down the Penobscott river. When they were halfway down the river
the maiden began to look pale and faint. "Stop!" she called
out to the hunters. I can go no further." They sculled to the
bank and set her down.
Now although they didn't know it, the maiden had sent out her soul
back to the wigwam where they had lived all winter. "Leave
me here," she begged. "Say nothing about me to your father,
for he would have nothing but scorn for me."
The younger brother was heartbroken. "But I want you to stay
with me forever!" He did not realize that the maiden could
not come with him because she wasn't a human being at all, but one
of the forest spirits.
"It cannot be," replied the maiden. "You must leave
The two brothers returned to their village. When they unpacked
the canoe and their family saw the heap of fine furs that they had
brought back with them, there was great rejoicing. During the celebrations,
the elder brother could not keep quiet about how their luck had
changed. He
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Besides being divided into separate lobe
s based on function, the material of the cortex has distinct features that are much smaller and more specialized. Two millimeters of cortical (gray
) matter sits on top of the white matter, and is
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Besides being divided into separate lobe
s based on function, the material of the cortex has distinct features that are much smaller and more specialized. Two millimeters of cortical (gray
) matter sits on top of the white matter, and is actually responsible for all cortical functions. The much more voluminous white matter
below does no processing at all -- it's more responsible for transporting oxygen, mollifying damage, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. Each square millimeter of that cortical surface, however, contains around 148,000 neuron
s; each is involved with the others in the intense communication
that eventually exhibits itself as action
, and thought
The cerebral cortex itself, that crucial layer of gray matter, is subdivided into six layers. While these layers are not perfectly defined, there is usually much more crosstalk between neurons in any given layer and neurons in other cortical layers or brain areas. From the six layers, three general subdivisions can be made:
- Layers I, II, and III are the three outermost layers, often called the superficial layers. They re
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What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve of the eye. The optic nerve sends signals from the retina to the brain and these signals are interpreted as the images you see.
In the healthy eye, a
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What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve of the eye. The optic nerve sends signals from the retina to the brain and these signals are interpreted as the images you see.
In the healthy eye, a clear fluid called aqueous humor circulates inside the front portion of your eye. This will maintain a constant healthy eye pressure. The eye continually produces a small amount of aqueous humor while an equal amount of this fluid flows out of your eye, we are not talking about tears. This fluid is inside the eye ball. If you have glaucoma, the aqueous humor does not flow out of the eye as it should, thus creating pressure build up in the eye. Over time this pressure causes damage to the optic nerve fibers.
Different types of Glaucoma
There are several types of glaucoma. The main types are:
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Normal-tension glaucoma (or normal pressure glaucoma)
- Closed-angle glaucoma (or Narrow-angle glaucoma or Angle-closure glaucoma)
One of the problems with glaucoma, especially open-angle glaucoma, is that there are typically no symptoms until late in the disease. Many people who have the disease do not know they have it. This is why it is important, especially as you get older, to have regular medical eye exams by an eye specialist.
The assessment includes:
Tonometry: Measuring the pressure in the eye.
Ophthalmoscopy + OCT: an assessment of the optic nerve.
Visual Field: Test of peripheral vision.
Pachymetry: Measuring the thickness of the cornea, the clear window at the front of the eye.
Medicated eye drops is the most common way to treat glaucoma. These medicated drops lower the eye pressure in one of two ways:
- Slowing down the production of aqueous humor
- Improving the out flow through the drainage angle.
In some cases, patients with glaucoma can undergo surgery.
Surgery can be done with laser or open surgery. Glaucoma surgery would then improve the flow of fluid out of the eye, resulting in lower eye pressure.
Laser surgery is done in the clinic as an outpatient procedure. It can take about 10 minutes to treat one eye. It is done with local aneasthesia and is not painful.
The laser creates changes on the trabecular meshwork thereby, improving the outflow of aqueous. The effect is seen within days and often drops may not be required after the treatment, or less drops would be required
Open surgery is done in theatre, and is typically done under general anaesthesia. In this form of treatment, a new channel is created to drain the aqueous away.
Surgery is typically reserved for patients where pressure control cannot be achieved with drops.
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Since the 2000s, the minimum wage in Brazil has been going through an intense process of growth. Although no well-defined rule for its periodical adjustment existed until recently, the political and economic situation of the country favoured the granting of real
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Since the 2000s, the minimum wage in Brazil has been going through an intense process of growth. Although no well-defined rule for its periodical adjustment existed until recently, the political and economic situation of the country favoured the granting of real increases. The result is that the minimum wage grew by 74% in real terms between 2003 and 2013. Currently the minimum wage receives each year the correction of inflation by the national index of consumer prices, as well as a real increase according to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate recorded two years earlier. This rule was created in 2011 through Law 12/382, it was renewed in 2015 and should remain valid until 2019. Brazil is known for its great social inequalities that are reflected in the unequal distribution of
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On the Trail of a 40-Foot Anaconda
The fifth hidden wonder of South America.
By Joshua FoerPosted Thursday, Feb. 17, 2011,PACAYA SAMIRIA, Peru—Of all the crazy
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On the Trail of a 40-Foot Anaconda
The fifth hidden wonder of South America.
By Joshua FoerPosted Thursday, Feb. 17, 2011,PACAYA SAMIRIA, Peru—Of all the crazy mythical creatures that starry-eyed monster hunters have gone in search of—the Yeti, Sasquatch, Nessie, the chupacabra—South America's giant anaconda would seem to be the least implausible. None of the Amazon's early explorers dared emerge from the forest without a harrowing tale of a face-to-face encounter with a humongous snake. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was practically a requirement of the jungle adventure genre. English explorer Percy Fawcett (of Lost City of Z fame) reportedly shot a 62-foot anaconda in 1907 while on a surveying mission in western Brazil. Cândido Rondon, who led Teddy Roosevelt's famous journey down the River of Doubt, claimed to have measured a 38-footer "in the flesh." In 1933, a 100-foot serpent was said to have been machine-gunned by officials from the Brazil-Colombia Boundary Commission. According to witnesses, four men together couldn't lift its head. The photos, of course, were lost.Had they been captured alive, any of these giants would have merited the $50,000 bounty that the New York Zoological Society (later the Wildlife Conservation Society) offered for much of the 20th century to anyone who could bring a 30-foot snake back to the Bronx Zoo. Though thousands of anacondas have been caught, measured, and released by scientists over the years, few have ever surpassed 18 feet. Still, stories of Amazonian megasnakes continue to surface every few years, and they continue to inspire credulous souls to set off into the jungle. People like Dylan and me.
Read rest here: http://www.slate.com/id/2285539/
Mystery photo of 'English Loch Ness Monster' taken in Bowness
A MYSTERIOUS'monster' - dubbed Bow-nessie - appears to have been caught on camera for the first time. A shape claimed to be a giant beast — said to be up to 50ft long — was spotted emerging from the depths of Lake Windermere near Bowness in Cumbria, last week. In the grainy picture, which is eerily reminiscent of classic snaps of the famous Loch Ness Monster, an animal's humped back seems to be visible. Enormous rippples can be seen in its wake as the dark shape passes in front of foliage growing from the misty lake. But can it really be the beast of legend? Kayakers Tom Pickles, 24, and Sarah Harrington, 23, who took the picture, told today how they were left "petrified" and quickly paddled to the safety of the shore after encountering the monster. IT graduate Tom said: "At a distance I thought it was some sort of large dog then I realised just how long it was. There was no way a dog would be out that far in any case. "Each hump moved in a rippling movement and it appeared to have a huge shadow around it suggesting it was much bigger underwater. "Its skin was like a seal's but its shape was completely abnormal. We watched for about twenty seconds before it plunged out of sight."
Read rest and see pics here : http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3417860/Bow-nessie-Mystery-photo-of-English-Loch-Ness-Monster-taken-in-Bowness.html
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I read the following posts. I chose kind of a random, eclectic variety of titles that struck me.
- Why I Don’t Assign Homework
- SP-817 Math Blog: Scribe Posts
- CoolCatTeacher (Vicki Davis
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I read the following posts. I chose kind of a random, eclectic variety of titles that struck me.
- Why I Don’t Assign Homework
- SP-817 Math Blog: Scribe Posts
- CoolCatTeacher (Vicki Davis): Spies Like Us
- The Fischbowl: Is It Okay To Be A Technology Illiterate Teacher?
- Discourse About Discourse: The Ripe Environment
Just like a person can join or leave the conversation, what they say in the conversation is just as "up in the air." You have a specific meaning to what you are writing, typing, or saying. Just because you mean it one way, does not mean it is taken that way. Sometimes this can be bad, because this is pretty much the meaning of miscommunication. Sometimes this can also be good. You might have meant what was said one way, but the person reading it takes it a whole new directions. The best way to illustrate this is with music, especially country music. One song that demonstrates this quite well is SheDaisy, "A Night to Remember". On the right click on the CD called "The Whole SheBang." Then click on track #10, "A Night to Remember." It's not what you think it will be. Anyway, contributing to or commenting on another person's blog gives it life. Without that contribution, it really isn't a conversation and it's not Web 2.0. Web 2.0 is all about collaboraion. Web 1.0 is like someone handing you a book to read. Web 2.0 is like someone hading you a whiteboard for you to write.
Writing blogs is different from other types of writing. See my Double Bubble above (Could not figure out how to put it where I wanted it):
One would not think that the last two questions:
- "Is there a "blogging literacy?" How does blogging affect the way we read and write?
- (How) can blogging facilitate learning?" from 23 Things Wiki
could go together, but they do. I think there is "blogging literacy." I think there is almost two types of "blogging literacy." There is a formal and an informal way to speak on blogs. In order to properly use blogging to facilitate learning, I think we need to use it formally when in an educational setting. This might be nit-picking, but on my classroom wiki I do not allow "text talk." That is the difference between the formal and informal. I have no problem with students and people using "text talk" in an appropriate setting, but on an educational wiki or on an education blog I don't see it's usefulness. As educators, we reinforce proper grammar and spelling, by spelling things correctly and by counting off when something is spelled incorrectly. The same should be the standard on line. So, if blogging is to facilitate learning, I think it needs to continue with some of the formalities that we require in the classroom.
On a personal note, I can't stand it when students put "IDK" in the answer blank on their paper. Really, I'm not conceited, but I feel as a 7th grade math teacher that I have the brainpower to figure out that if the answer is left blank, you don't know how to do the problem. GRRRRRRRRR!
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Injuries in athletics will always occur because athletes are consistently pushing themselves to achieve better results.
Every type of athletics has injuries that are frequent to that particular sport. For instance, hamstring injuries are more common in sprinting, whereas shoulder injuries are more
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Injuries in athletics will always occur because athletes are consistently pushing themselves to achieve better results.
Every type of athletics has injuries that are frequent to that particular sport. For instance, hamstring injuries are more common in sprinting, whereas shoulder injuries are more common with javelin throwers and shot-putters.
Whichever type of injury an athlete picks up, it’s important that they recognise and respect the fact they’re injured. Trying to overcome the pain and continuing to compete will only lead to worse injuries and a longer rehabilitation period.
Doctors will know the injuries that are common to the various sports in athletics and will quickly be able to advise athletes on what they should do next.
Depending on the level of injury an athlete has sustained, some simple rest and recuperation might fix the problem. More niggling injuries might require physiotherapy or the advice of a specialist. With more serious athletics injuries, surgery might be required, which will inevitably lead to longer periods on the sidelines.
Athletes will always want to return to competition as quickly as possible but it’s imperative they gradually step up their comeback and build strength in the problem area.
If you’d like to learn more about athletics injuries then browse our articles below for further valuable knowledge and advice.
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Picture a mannequin. Siemens has made an automated shirt-ironing device shaped like the chest and arms of a mannequin (see the picture here) that one places a shirt on. Then the mannequin inflates and applies
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Picture a mannequin. Siemens has made an automated shirt-ironing device shaped like the chest and arms of a mannequin (see the picture here) that one places a shirt on. Then the mannequin inflates and applies hot steam to a shirt and that takes out the wrinkles. The price for sale in Germany, €1,000, in Euros probably translates into a price one or two hundred dollars above a thousand dollars when it reaches the US. (same article here)
The main objective
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Most growers train blackberries onto trellises to increase fruit production. Use a simpler method--hill planting--for container grown blackberries. Limiting the number of canes in the hill and pruning to control plant size provides a modest harvest in
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Most growers train blackberries onto trellises to increase fruit production. Use a simpler method--hill planting--for container grown blackberries. Limiting the number of canes in the hill and pruning to control plant size provides a modest harvest in a small space. This perennial bramble fruits in the second year of growth. The crop depends on success over the winter--probably the trickiest part of container growing blackberries.
Provide a large growing container. A diameter of 24 inches and a depth of 18 inches provides room for roots of this vigorous bramble and gives some extra protection against winter cold. Stout handles make moving the plant to shelter during the worst part of the winter much easier.
Choose a blackberry cultivar suited to local growing conditions, with erect canes and exceptional winter hardiness. Thornless blackberry varieties fit into tight spaces with fewer problems, but the quality and vigor of thornless cultivars may not compare well to the best thorned plants. Since container plantings provide berries only for home use, consider types which offer flavor rather than shipping resistance. Some commercial blackberries were chosen for toughness and shelf life rather than taste.
Plant the blackberry in late winter--ask the supplier for a late shipping date to limit the plant's winter exposure. Place the pot in a sheltered location to limit extreme temperature shifts. Fill the pot with potting soil rich in organic material. Blackberries grow best in deep sandy soil, so avoid dense potting soils or topsoil with high amounts of clay. Set the blackberry root 4 inches deep in the center of the pot and water well.
Fertilize with plant food desi
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Newswise — PHILADELPHIA (May 30, 2012) – New findings from the Monell Center reveal that humans can identify the age of other humans based on differences in body odor. Much of this ability is
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Newswise — PHILADELPHIA (May 30, 2012) – New findings from the Monell Center reveal that humans can identify the age of other humans based on differences in body odor. Much of this ability is based on the capacity to identify odors of elderly individuals, and contrary to popular supposition, the so-called ‘old-person smell’ is rated as less intense and less unpleasant than body odors of middle-aged and young individuals.
“Similar to other animals, humans can extract signals from body odors that allow us to identify biological age, avoid sick individuals, pick a suitable partner, and distinguish kin from non-kin,” said senior author Johan Lundström, a sensory neuroscientist at Monell.
Like non-human animals, human body odors contain a rich array of chemical components that can transmit various types of social information. The perceptual characteristics of these odors are reported to change across the lifespan, as are concentrations of the underlying chemicals.
Scientists theorize that age-related odors may help animals select suitable mates: older males might be desirable because they contribute genes that enable offspring to live longer, while older females might be avoided because their reproductive systems are more fragile.
In humans, a unique ‘old person smell’ is recognized across cultures. This phenomenon is so acknowledged in Japan that there is a special word to describe this odor, kareishū.
Because studies with non-human animals at Monell and other institutions have demonstrated the ability to identify age via body odor, Lundström’s team examined whether humans are able to do the same.
In the study, published in the journal PLoS ONE, body odors were collected from three age groups, with 12-16 individuals in each group: Young (20-30 years old), Middle-age (45-55), and Old-age (75-95). Each donor slept for five nights in unscented t-shirts containing underarm pads, which were then cut into quadrants and placed in glass jars.
Odors were assessed by 41 young (20-30 years old) evaluators, who were given two body odor glass jars in nine combinations and asked to identify which came from the older donors. Evaluators also rated the intensity and pleasantness of each odor. Finally evaluators were asked to estimate the donor’s age for each odor sample.
Evaluators were able to discriminate the three donor age categories based on odor cues. Statistical analyses revealed that odors from the old-age group were driving the ability to differentiate age. Interestingly, evaluators rated body odors from the old-age group as less intense and less unpleasant than odors from the other two age groups.
“Elderly people have a discernible underarm odor that younger people consider to be fairly neutral and not very unpleasant,” said Lundström. “This was surprising given the popular conception of old age odor as disagreeable. However, it is possible that other sources of body odors, such as skin or breath, may have different qualities.”
Future studies will both attempt to identify the underlying biomarkers that evaluators use to identify age-related odors and also determine how the brain is able to identify and evaluate this information.
The paper can be accessed at http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038110.
Also contributing to the research were first author Susanna Mitro of Swarthmore College, Amy Gordon of Monell and Mats Olsson of the Karolinska Institute. Funding was provided by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders of the National Institutes of Health.
The Monell Chemical Senses Center is an independent nonprofit basic research institute based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Monell advances scientific understanding of the mechanisms and functions of taste and smell to benefit human health and well-being. Using an interdisciplinary approach, scientists collaborate in program areas of sensation and perception; neuroscience and molecular biology; environmental and occupational health; nutrition and appetite; health and well-being; development, aging and regeneration; and chemical ecology and communication. For more information about Monell, visit www.monell.org.
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A half century ago America’s largest private-sector employer was General Motors, whose full-time workers earned an average hourly wage of around $50, in today’s dollars, including health and pension benefits.
Today, America’s largest employer is Walmart, whose
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A half century ago America’s largest private-sector employer was General Motors, whose full-time workers earned an average hourly wage of around $50, in today’s dollars, including health and pension benefits.
Today, America’s largest employer is Walmart, whose average employee earns $8.81 an hour. A third of Walmart’s employees work less than 28 hours per week and don’t qualify for benefits.
There are many reasons for the difference – including globalization and technological changes that have shrunk employment in American manufacturing while enlarging it in sectors involving personal services, such as retail.
But one reason, closely related to this seismic shift, is the decline of labor unions in the United States. In the 1950s, over a third of private-sector workers belonged to a union. Today fewer than 7 percent do. As a result, the typical American worker no longer has the bargaining clout to get a sizeable share of corporate profits.
At the peak of its power and influence in the 1950s, the United Auto Workers could claim a significant portion of GM’s earnings for its members.
Walmart’s employees, by contrast, have no union to represent them. So they’ve had no means of getting much of the corporation’s earnings.
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About Crater Lake National Park
Crater Lake National Park inspires awe. Native Americans watched it form 7,700 years ago, when a violent eruption triggered the collapse of the towering volcano. Scientists marvel at the water’s purity: fed by
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About Crater Lake National Park
Crater Lake National Park inspires awe. Native Americans watched it form 7,700 years ago, when a violent eruption triggered the collapse of the towering volcano. Scientists marvel at the water’s purity: fed by rain and snow, it is the deepest lake in the United States and perhaps the most pristine on earth. The park was established in 1902, making it one of the oldest national parks. And today, artists, photographers, and sightseers stand in wonder at its blue water and stunning setting.
About the Crater Lake National Park Poster
The Crater Lake National Park Poster measures 13″ x 19″ and is an original work by Robert Decker. The poster is based on a photograph he took in June of 2016. It features the lake’s deep blue water and Wizard Island. The posters are printed on “Conservation,” a 100% recycled, domestically produced (80 lb.) paper stock with soy-based inks. From start to finish, each poster is 100% American Made.
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Crater Lake National Park Artist Proofs
Artist Proofs are the first 25 posters pulled from each print run. They are numbered 1-25, and are dated and signed. Each print features the color bars used by the pressman to make sure that the print stays registered and colors stay consistent throughout the print run. Crater Lake National Park Artist Proofs are 13″ x 20″.
Crater Lake National Park Canvas Prints
Printed on superior-quality, artist-grade canvas, designed for museum display and gallery exhibitions. This 350 gsm, acid-free canvas has a tight, natural weave which maximizes image quality, while also revealing the texture of an artist’s canvas. Crater Lake National Park canvas prints are available in two sizes: 16″ x 24″ and 24″ x 36″, are shipped free and are ready to hang.
About the Artist
Photographer and graphic artist Rob Decker studied photography with Ansel Adams in Yosemite National Park during the summer of 1979. The experience solidified his love of photography and our National Parks. Now he is on a journey to photograph and create iconic WPA-style posters of all 59 major national parks as we celebrate the next 100 years of the National Park Service.
“I’m trying to make a difference by giving back to the amazing organizations that support our National Parks. I donate 10% of annual profits, so when you buy one of these original works, you’re helping these trusts, conservancies and associations, too. I feel that it’s important to protect America’s special places, and to connect people with nature. And it’s up to all of us to pitch in. Perhaps more importantly, we need to inspire the next generation of park stewards.”
Robert B. Decker retains the sole copyright of the original Crater Lake National Park poster image. Any unauthorized reproduction violates international copyright law.
Robert B. Decker – Limited Edition Crater Lake National Park Posters – www.National-Park-Posters.com
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I don’t watch much television, but these past few months I have looked forward to late Sunday nights with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey, an update of Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which aired
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I don’t watch much television, but these past few months I have looked forward to late Sunday nights with Neil deGrasse Tyson and Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey, an update of Carl Sagan’s Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, which aired in 1980 to mesmerized viewing.
Standing on the barren landscape of what was once Uruk in ancient Sumer, now known as Iraq, in The Immortals (Episode 11 of the modernized series), Tyson tells us about Enheduanna, an Akkadian Princess (2285-2250 BCE) about whom I had never heard until The Immortals aired on May 18, 2014.
Enheduanna was the daughter of King Sargon of Akkad, who appointed her High Priestess of the Moon, a role of political importance often held by daughters of royalty. But Princess and Priestess Enheduanna was also a respected poet, who made a decision about herself and the words she penned that had an everlasting impact on literature – Enheduanna became the first person we know of to sign her name to what she wrote and, in so doing, she became an author.
Tyson relayed that Enheduanna is “…the first person about whom we can say we know who she was, and what she dreamed. She dreamed of stepping through the Gate of Wonder. Here’s a thought Enheduanna sent across more than 4,000 years to you. It’s from her work, entitled Lady of the Largest Heart:”
Inanna, the Planet Venus, Goddess of Love, will have a great destiny throughout the entire Universe. – Enheduanna
Tyson followed the story about Enheduanna with that of another ancient Sumerian, whose name was Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, the very first real life epic hero, whose travels and superhuman feats were chronicled in The Epic of Gilgamesh, an early Mesopotamian work of poetic literature that, in contrast to the writings of Enheduanna, was the work of numerous anonymous authors.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story of a man seeking immortality, or, put another way, the story of a man hoping to avoid death. In a way, Princess Enheduanna and Gilgamesh were both after the same thing – to step through the Gate of Wonder into the Realm of Immortality.
Enheduanna achieved a kind of immortality when she signed her name to poems that have lasted over 4,000 years. Gilgamesh achieved a kind of immortality by becoming such a memorable heroic character in real life that others were inspired to write a tale of his adventures – a tale that has also survived 4,000 years.
The stories of Enheduanna and Gilgamesh resonate loudly at a time when many people believe that The Age of Storytelling, poetry, hand-written letters and long-form journalism will soon come to an end, to be replaced by The Age of Metrics and Analytics, in which people will communicate in shorter and shorter sound bursts – perhaps even in spoken code – an ever increasing amount of shared information discharged into Internet space like so many competing pulsars.
The difference, of course, between storytelling and information is so vast as to be almost indescribable. Storytelling is a never ending inquiry about what it means to be human, about the cultures and environments that give birth to ideas and progress, and about the failures and successes of the men and women determined to leave some kind of imprint on the world before they pass into the unknown.
Information, on the other hand, is more a record keeping of that ongoing inquiry, a tally of acquired data and details, facts and figures, the study of which quite possibly serves to underpin any particular creative endeavor, but which is distinct and separate from the creative instinct itself.
In the modern world, do writers sign their names to their work to protect their royalties, or to stake a claim to their own opinions, which they perceive to have merit, individuality, meaning? Or do they write because they are compelled to communicate, because, whether their words are ever heard, read or acknowledged in any way, they quite simply must communicate no matter the circumstances, the time or the place in which they live?
When Enheduanna made the decision to sign her name to her own words so long ago, I woul
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State public health department promotes rabies prevention awareness for the first annual
World Rabies Day
55,000 people die worldwide from rabies each year
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. – The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) is
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State public health department promotes rabies prevention awareness for the first annual
World Rabies Day
55,000 people die worldwide from rabies each year
SPRINGFIELD, Ill. – The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) is promoting rabies prevention awareness and education by celebrating the first annual World Rabies Day, tomorrow, September 8, 2007. This year IDPH is seeing more bats with rabies. Bats are the primary carriers of rabies in Illinois.
“Typically in Illinois, 40 to 60 bats test positive for rabies each year. But this year we are seeing an increased number of rabid bats totaling more than 80,” said Dr. Eric E. Whitaker, Illinois Department of Public Health Director. “World Rabies Day is a great opportunity to raise awareness of rabies and rabies prevention by vaccinating pets.”
The World Rabies Day initiative is a global rabies awareness campaign spearheaded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Alliance for Rabies Control. The goal of World Rabies Day is to promote education in local communities and to mobilize and coordinate resources toward human rabies prevention and animal rabies control.
Despite being 100 percent preventable, it is estimated that 55,000 people die worldwide from rabies each year, approximately one person every ten minutes. It is estimated that every year 30,000 to 40,000 U.S. residents are potentially exposed to rabies and require human rabies post-exposure treatment.
“World Rabies Day offers all of us a unique opportunity to increase global awareness of the most deadly disease known to humans,” said Dr. Deborah Briggs, Executive Director for the Alliance of Rabies Control. “With the initial major effort being the declaration of World Rabies Day on September 8, 2007, events are planned throughout the world to increase awareness about rabies, and to raise support and funding towards its prevention and control.”
Events are planned throughout the world in at least 61 countries by international and national human and animal health organizations; human and veterinary public health professionals; non-government organizations; World Health Organization collaborating centers; universities; and corporate and private partners.
Veterinary students at the University of Illinois will be doing community outreach rabies educational programs for middle school to high school students in association with World Rabies Day. This activity coincides with one of the World Rabies Day Campaigns -Teaching to Make Rabies H
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Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, who was a state legislator and served as Georgia's Governor for a few months in 1777 (and who never lived in Gwinnett
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Gwinnett County was named after Button Gwinnett, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, who was a state legislator and served as Georgia's Governor for a few months in 1777 (and who never lived in Gwinnett County). He was wounded in a duel and died three days later, on May 19, 1777. He is buried in Savannah, Georgia.
For hundreds of years preceding the permanent white settlements in what is now Gwinnett County, the Creek and Cherokee Indians occupied the land. In 1789 and 1790 the Cherokee Indians ceded to the United States Government all lands north and east of a line running through Kentucky, Tennessee, North and South Carolinas and north Georgia, including portions of Gwinnett.
Two of the earliest white settlements were on the Apalachee River near Hog Mountain, and Old Town Suwanee, once a thriving Indian village on the Chattachoochee River, just north of the mouth of Suwanee Creek. Most early families located in the area between Hog Mountain and Jug Tavern (now Winder), between the Mulberry and Apalachee Rivers.The Indians aided the enemy, and in the beginning of the War of 1812 it was decided a fort was needed to protect the settlers of this far western frontier. Fort Daniel was located on a hill near the crossroads of the Hog Mountain Community, and brought even more trade and commerce to this early Gwinnett settlement. Early stores were Maltbie's and Bogan's stores. Isham Williams, a prominent citizen of the community, raised stock and provided beef to the soldiers.
A second fort was erected at Standing Peachtree, thirty miles into Indian territory. A road was constructed connecting the two forts at Hog Mountain and Standing Peachtree, known even then as Peachtree Road. More about
Standing Peachtree (use BACK button to return).
The county of Gwinnett was created in 1818, with it's eastern boundary being the Apalachee River. Four days after the formation of Gwinnett from Indian lands, the western portion of Jackson was added, extending the Gwinnett/Walton line from the Apalacee to Jug Tavern (Winder). With the creation of Barrow County in 1914 the line went back to the Apalacee. Until a courthouse could be erected, it was decided that all courts and elections would be held at the house of Elisha Winn, who lived one mile east of the Apalachee River.
The Indians aided the enemy, and in the beginning of the War of 1812 it was decided a fort was needed to protect the settlers of this far western frontier. Fort Daniel was located on a hill near the crossroads of the Hog Mountain Community, and brought even more trade and commerce to this early Gwinnett settlement. Early stores were Maltbie's and Bogan's stores. Isham Williams, a prominent citizen of the community, raised stock and provided beef to the soldiers.
The following were the first officers elected in Gwinnett County:
William Blake Sheriff March 25, 1819 James Wardlaw Clerk, Superior Court March 25, 1819 Thomas A, Dobbs Clerk, Inferior Court March 15, 1819 James Loughridge Tax Collector March 30, 1819 John W. Beauchamp Tax Receiver March 30, 1819 John Wynn Coroner March 25, 1819 James C. Reed Surveyor March 25, 1819
The first judges of the Inferior Court were George Reid, Samuel Reid, John Cupp, William Towers, and Joseph Morgan, all commissioned February 2, 1819. Elisha Winn was commissioned July 21, 1820.
In December, 1819 the Inferior Court was given the authority to erect a temporary courthouse. Until the Indian land was distributed by lottery, no permanent site could be selected for the courthouse. After the lottery, Lot 146 was purchased from John Breedlove of Hancock County by Inferior Court justice, Elisha Winn. The lot consisted of 250 acres, and the five justices inspected the entire property before deciding on the location of the future county seat.
William Towers was employed to survey the property and lay out the four streets bordering the courthouse square. The lots surrounding the square were sold at public auction, and Gwinnett citizens began buying lots for homes and businesses which were erected of logs. The first jail was built by John Cupp on the lot immediately south of the courthouse square. It was a two story log house which burned in 1830. The permanent courthouse was constructed by Major Grace in 1823-24 in the town of Lawrenceville.
Elisha Winn was among the first Inferior Court Justices and was instrumental in early Gwinnett County government and the establishment of the county seat in Lawrenceville.
William Maltbie, a native of Connecticut, was the second Inferior Court clerk and served in that capacity for many years. He married Philadelphia Winn, daughter of Elisha Winn.
Asahel R. Smith, a native of Vermont, had been a school teacher and
was now a successful merchant and post master. He also served as justice of the Inferior Court.
Philip Alston was the first lawyer to locate in Lawrenceville. He was soon followed by N.L. Hutchins who
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The only thing more important in marketing than what you are selling is who you are selling your product to and why they should want to buy it. As a result, the very first step in marketing or advertising any product is segmentation, which can be
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The only thing more important in marketing than what you are selling is who you are selling your product to and why they should want to buy it. As a result, the very first step in marketing or advertising any product is segmentation, which can be broadly understood as identifying your target audience or the group of people that will want to buy your product.
Philip Kotler of Northwestern University defined segmentation as “the subdividing of a market into distinct subsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected as a target market to be reached with a distinct marketing mix.” As implied by this definition, the entire process of segmentation can be broken into three steps. These are segmentation, targeting, and positioning.
During segmentation, you need to identify your market and divide that market into smaller subsets of customers. In order to do this, you need to find measurable and distinct ways to differentiate your customers. The four common variables that can be used in segmentation are:
- Demographic variables
- Psychographic variables
- Geographic variables
- Behavioristic variables
After segmenting your market, you need to implement targeting. This is evaluating the various different subsets of customers to decide which group to target or focus on.
While this sounds simple, designing a marketing plan to specifically meet the needs of your targeted customer is not as easy as it sounds. However, if you are successful, you can drastically impact sales and competitiveness of the brand in the market.
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When we are young most of us neglect the health of our bodies. Fortunately, our youth allows us some leeway in this respect. What we do not realize until later on is our unhealthy habits catch up to us. One day we wake up
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When we are young most of us neglect the health of our bodies. Fortunately, our youth allows us some leeway in this respect. What we do not realize until later on is our unhealthy habits catch up to us. One day we wake up to find ourselves in a not so healthy state. Following are ten ways we can maintain our health and live a full life.
One important area we need to address is cholesterol intake. The first step is to get tested for your cholesterol levels. This will let you know what your cholesterol levels are and how strict you will need to be in monitoring your intake.
As we have always been told, start eating more fruits and vegetables. Even though science has isolated many vitamins and healthy substances from many fruits and vegetables, dieticians agree it is much better to consume them than swallow a pill. There are many synergistic substances which we cannot get from a pill.
Stay away from processed foods. They are loaded with sodium, chemicals and preservatives. Processing also takes away many of the health benefits in foods, such as fiber,vitamins and minerals.
Portion control is one of the most important tips for maintaining health. Failure to monitor portion size results in weight gain. Of course, to much weight gain and your health becomes plagued with high blood pressure, diabetes and more.
Fiber is crucial to a healthy diet. One of the best things we can do for our body is substitute processed foods for non processed. For instance whole wheat bread instead of bleached white bread. Natural cereals rich in bran and oats instead of sugar filled, processed ones.
Having sufficient protein intake is another important step to staying healthy. Our skin, hair, fingernails and muscles need protein to stay healthy. If we exercise, protein is needed for mu
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What is a supernova? Well, “nova” means “new star”, and “super” means “really big”, like supermarket, so a supernova is a really bright new star. That’s where the word comes from, but today
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What is a supernova? Well, “nova” means “new star”, and “super” means “really big”, like supermarket, so a supernova is a really bright new star. That’s where the word comes from, but today it has a rather more precise meaning, namely a once-off variable star which has a peak brightness similar to, or greater than, that of a typical galaxy.
Supernovae aren’t new stars in the sense that they were not stars before they became supernovae; the progenitor – what the star was before it went supernova – of a supernova is just a star (or a pair of stars), albeit an unusual one.
From what we see – the rise of the intensity of light (and electromagnetic radiation in general) to a peak, its decline; the lines which show up in the spectra (and the ones which don’t), etc – we can classify supernovae into several different types. There are two main types, called Type I and Type II. The difference between them is that Type I supernovae have no lines of hydrogen in their spectra, while Type II ones do.
Centuries of work by astronomers and physicists have given us just two kinds of progenitors: white dwarfs and massive (>8 sols) stars; and just two key physical mechanisms: nuclear detonation and core collapse.
Core collapse supernovae happen when a massive star tries to fuse iron in its core … bad move, because fusing iron requires energy (rather than liberates it), and the core suddenly collapses due to its gravity. A lot of interesting physics happens when such a core collapses, but it either results in a neutron star or a black hole, and a vast amount of energy is produced (most of it in the form of neutrinos!). These supernovae can be of any type, except a sub-type of Type I (called Ia). They also produce the long gamma-ray bursts (GRB).
Detonation is when a white dwarf star undergoes almost simultaneous fusion of carbon or oxygen throughout its entire body (it can do this because a white dwarf has the same temperature throughout, unlike an ordinary star, because its electrons are degenerate). There are at least two ways such a detonation can be triggered: steady accumulation of hydrogen transferred from a close binary companion, or a collision or merger with a neutron star or another white dwarf. These supernovae are all Type Ia.
One other kind of supernova: when two neutron stars merge, or a ~solar mass black hole and a neutron star merge – as a result of loss of orbital energy due to gravitational wave radiation – an intense burst of gamma-rays results, along with a fireball and an afterglow (as the fireball cools). We see such an event as a short GRB, but if we were unlikely enough to be close to such a stellar death, we’d certainly see it as a spectacular supernova!
Would you like to read more about what a supernova is? Check out these webpages: Hubblesite’s News Releases on Supernova, Supernova Cosmology Project (Lawrence Berkeley Lab), and Supernovae, Supernova Remnants (etc) (Talk Origins).
Everyone has a fascination for things which go bang!, and so you won’t be at all surprised to learn that Universe Today has many articles on supernovae, what a supernova is, etc. Here is selection for your enjoyment and education: Merging White Dwarfs Set Off Supernovae, GRB Central Engines Observed in Nearby Supernovae?, and Another Antimatter Supernova Discovered.
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Scientific American, September, 1925, page 174:
How the Parisian Enjoys Opera at Home
Telephone Subscribers Enjoy a Unique Service From a Central Switchboard By Means of an Elaborate System of Amplification
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Scientific American, September, 1925, page 174:
How the Parisian Enjoys Opera at Home
Telephone Subscribers Enjoy a Unique Service From a Central Switchboard By Means of an Elaborate System of Amplification
By Frederic M. Delano
aris and Munich are perhaps the only two cities in the world that have a regular service of grand opera to telephone subscribers; and of the two, Paris is unique in having installed a system at the central bureau which permits listeners to hear the music on the loud-speaker.
The service is, of course, not open to all regular telephone subscribers, being operated by a private company, the Compagnie du Theatrophone, which has contracts with both the theatres and the telephone company to handle the distribution of music and other entertainment over the telephone lines. Among the theatres in the agreement are the Opera, the Opera-Comique, the Trianon-Lyrique, and the Comédie Française. These four are perhaps the most famous in the French capital; and are the most popular with that large group of Parisians who usually desire to remain quietly at home to listen to good music or dramatic performances.
Music Over Regular Telephone Lines
The Theatrophone company has a private central switchboard, into which pass the trunk lines from the different theatres, and from which pass the lines which carry the music to their many subscribers. On the stage of the theatre (usually behind the footlights) are microphones--sometimes two, sometimes more. The voices of the actors or singers are transmitted by these microphones to the first stage of amplification.
In a special room in the cellar of the theatre, well away from the possible disturbing elements of the action on the stage, are the amplifying units. Two sets of batteries, one for the microphones and one for the amplifiers, are ranged around the room. The amplifiers are enclosed in large cabinets, two complete units of three tubes being used. They can be either operated separately or together; or in case of emergency, the second amplifier can replace the first.
These amplifiers are very similar to those used in radio, although their construction was specially worked out for the theatrophone. Great care has been taken to avoid any outside sounds from reaching them, and thus creating a line disturbance. The amplifiers are enclosed in large cabinets with double sides of padded cork and the amplifying tubes are set in sockets held in elastic supports.
The impulses from the microphones, even after they have passed through this first series of amplifiers, are only about as strong as the average telephone voice. The impulses are now carried directly to the "theatrophonic central exchange," where they are again amplified, divided, and distributed over the main telephone lines to the subscribers.
At the "theatrophonic central" it is picked up by another series of amplifiers, the usual three-electrode tubes being used; and passed from there after being stepped-up to loudspeaker volume, to the "distributor". This is a sort of amplifier which has as many tubes as there are subscribers.
From the central station the current passes to the jacks of the distribution boards, by which it is sent out to the various city telephone exchanges. The theatrophonic lines are placed in the central stations so that they are automatically protected and insulated from multiple communications, such as bells, or other possible sources of interference. From the P. T. T. (Postes, Télégraphs, et Téléphones) central stations, the communication to the theatrophone subscriber is made over the regular telephone lines.
Subscriber Has Choice of Theatres
The operation of the theatrophonic central board is simple, and suggests a regular telephone exchange. The operators come in at 7:00 P. M., take their places before the switchboards, each board being connected to one or more telephone central stations. At the top of each board are the subscribers' lines, with plugs. The board has jacks connected to the distributors, and all that is necessary is to plug in the jack of the subscribers with the plug or the particular theatre he wants.
The operators have before them a list of subscribers divided into groups. For instance, in making a connection with the subscribers on the "Wagram" exchange, the theatrophone operator opens her key communicating with the city "Wagram" exchange operator and calls off her list of subscribers. In this way she covers all the telephone exchanges, making the necessary connections. Then the city operator calls the subscribers on her exchange, and notifies them that they are now in touch with the theatrophone.
In the meantime the theatrophone operators have plugged in to the theatre. At 7:45 the distributor tubes light up, and the amplifiers are put into service. The primary check-up of the proper tuning and the noise of the audiences going into the theatres, as well as the orchestras tuning up, is done at the central office by a theatrophone engineer.
No Interference With Regular Service
The switchboards are covered with an intricate network of wire, each leading to a jack over a small signal lamp. At times, one of these small lam
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v1.0.3 / 01 oct 05 / greg goebel / public domain
* Plastics have become a universal material, used for everything from throwaway bags to wings for combat aircraft. Plastics are cheap,
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v1.0.3 / 01 oct 05 / greg goebel / public domain
* Plastics have become a universal material, used for everything from throwaway bags to wings for combat aircraft. Plastics are cheap, lightweight, strong, often attractive, and can be synthesized with a wide range of properties. This document provides a short introduction to plastics technology.
* Plastics are based on "polymers": long-chain carbon-based "organic" molecules. These chains are made up of repeating fundamental molecular elements, or "monomers". People have been using natural organic polymers for centuries in the form of waxes and shellacs, as well as fabrics and ropes, which are based on a plant polymer named "cellulose". By the early 19th century natural rubber, based on a polymer now known as "isoprene" and tapped from rubber trees, was in widespread use.
Eventually, inventors learned to improve the properties of natural polymers. Natural rubber was sensitive to temperature, becoming sticky and smelly in hot weather, and brittle in cold weather. In 1834, two inventors, Friedrich Ludersdorf of Germany and Nathaniel Hayward of the US, independently discovered that adding sulfur to raw rubber helped prevent the material from becoming sticky.
In 1839, the American inventor Charles Goodyear was experimenting with the sulfur treatment of natural rubber when, according to legend, he dropped a piece of sulfur-treated rubber on a stove. The rubber seemed to have improved properties, and Goodyear followed up with further experiments, developing a process known as "vulcanization" that involved cooking the rubber with sulfur. Compared to untreated natural rubber, Goodyear's "vulcanized rubber" was stronger; more resistant to abrasion; more elastic; much less sensitive to temperature; impermeable to gases; and highly resistant to chemicals and electric current.
Vulcanization still remains an important industrial process for the manufacture of rubber in both natural and artificial forms. Vulcanization creates sulfur bonds that link separate rubber polymers together, improving the material's structural integrity and its other properties.
* All Goodyear had done with vulcanization was improve the properties of a natural polymer. The next logical step was to use a natural polymer, cellulose, as the basis for a new material.
Inventors were particularly interested in developing synthetic substitutes for natural materials that were expensive and in short supply, since that meant a profitable market to exploit. Ivory was a particularly attractive target for a synthetic replacement. An Englishman named Alexander Parkes developed a "synthetic ivory" named "pyroxlin", which he marketed under the trade name "Parkesine", and which won a bronze medal at the 1862 World's Fair in London. Parkesine was made from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. The output of the process hardened into a hard, ivory-like material that could be molded when heated.
However, Parkes was not able to scale up the process to an industrial level, and products made from Parkesine quickly warped and cracked after a short time. An American printer and amateur inventor named John Wesley Hyatt took up where Parkes left off. Parkes had failed for lack of a proper solvent, but Hyatt discovered that camphor would do the job nicely.
Hyatt was something of an industrial genius who understood what could be done with such a shapeable, or "plastic", material, and proceeded to design much of the basic industrial machinery needed to produce quality plastic materials in quantity. Since cellulose was the main constituent used in the synthesis of his new material, Hyatt named it "cel
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New York governor Andrew Cuomo has announced plans to shut down the zero carbon Indiana Point Nuclear Plant, as part of his grand strategy to combat climate change.
New York Aims to Replace Nuclear Power With Clean Energy
Gov. Cuomo promises declining carbon emissions
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New York governor Andrew Cuomo has announced plans to shut down the zero carbon Indiana Point Nuclear Plant, as part of his grand strategy to combat climate change.
New York Aims to Replace Nuclear Power With Clean Energy
Gov. Cuomo promises declining carbon emissions even as the state closes the Indian Point nuclear power plant.
By Jeremy Deaton
New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced plans this week to close the Indian Point nuclear power plant, which supplies electricity to New York City and surrounding areas. The plant’s two working reactors — which account for roughly 10 percent of the state’s power generation — are slated to go offline in 2020 and 2021, more than a decade ahead of schedule.
Some environmentalists celebrated the closure. Others lamented the loss of a carbon-free source of energy, despite nuclear power’s potential hazards to humans and wildlife.
Some states, like Illinois, have thrown a lifeline to nuclear, subsidizing struggling plants, lest they be replaced by carbon-spewing natural gas. New York, by contrast, is betting that the hole created by Indian Point’s closure will be filled with solar, wind and hydropower.
In a statement, Cuomo said the plant’s closure won’t drive up emissions “at the regional level.” Given New York’s ambitious climate policies, he might be right.
New York may have the hydro resources to replace Indiana Point, but even dispatchable hydro-electric systems have their pitfalls. States which rely heavily on hydro power face difficulties if the water runs out, as the Australian state of Tasmania recently discovered.
Having said that, it seems likely that New York has or will have enough interstate power interconnectors to ensure continuity, which will allow Governor Cuomo to virtue signal all he wants from behind a safety net of reliable out of state fossil fuel power sources.
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French Language Department Content
Students learn about greetings, introductions, talking about family, friends, pets, and their life. We also learn about French history and culture, as well as compare French life with New Zealand life.
Building on Year
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French Language Department Content
Students learn about greetings, introductions, talking about family, friends, pets, and their life. We also learn about French history and culture, as well as compare French life with New Zealand life.
Building on Year 9 skills, students learn about daily life, towns and cities, food, leisure activities and clothes.
NCEA level 1 allows students to use and expand their knowledge gained in the junior school and continue to learn about life in France and French speaking cultures.
Students delve into the world of French cinema and literature, as well as study a French speaking country in detail. We also look at personal relationships, health issues for teenagers and media and music.
Students study about a region of France in detail and we also look at racism issues, crime and punishment, the creative arts of France, and the world of work.
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Posts by Lewis
The year was 1967. Earlier that year a fire had killed three astronauts. There was a degree of uncertainty perhaps and a degree of
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This user hasn't shared any profile information
Posts by Lewis
The year was 1967. Earlier that year a fire had killed three astronauts. There was a degree of uncertainty perhaps and a degree of even more fierce determination. On November 9, 1967, NASA and the American people would get a win.
The Saturn V would fly for the first time. Even when it was all assembled and everything was checked and double checked, no one was still 100% sure what was going to happen when then engines ignited and the clock hit 0:00.
I’ve read accounts of people being in absolute shock and amazement from the power of this rocket. It dwarfed everything before and after it. No loss of crew or payload ever came at the hands of this machine. It was and still is the mightiest rocket to have ever been put into service. This is just a little tribute I put together.
The song is on my SoundCloud page and may beprone to changes because I honestly still want to tweak a couple of things with the audio. Getting all the voices to come through the pounding audio was hard enough. Thank goodness for modern day music editing!
NOTE: Some of the video clips are from Apollo 8. Not a whole lot of high quality footage from this first flight exists that I could find.
What you will need:
One or more candles
Lighter or matches
Stable flat surface
Tall pitcher or large glass
* Adult supervision
The Set Up
First, prepare the baking soda and vinegar. Measure out about 1/4 cup of baking soda and around 1/2 cup of vinegar (if you’re container is smaller use smaller amount to avoid a mess). Once you’ve done that, set them aside and you can light the candle.
Next, mix the baking soda and vinegar. Pour the baking soda in first and then slowly add the vinegar. This will help keep it from bubbling over. Once the reaction has settled down you’re ready to put the candle out.
Take the container and make a pouring motion directly above the flame as if you were pouring liquid onto it.
Note: Do not pour the liquid onto the flame.
It might take a little practice with your aim but the flame should go out. You’ll know when you’re close as it will usually flicker before going out. If it doesn’t then you can mix more baking soda and vinegar and try again. If you had trouble getting the flame to go out, the next section might help.
The active ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid (5% usually). It’s this acid that reacts with the baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). The reaction, as you can see, can be pretty vigorous. The byproducts of the reaction are sodium acetate, water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the one we’re interested in because it is what puts the fire out.
Carbon dioxide is heavier than the surrounding air and this allows us to trap it in a tall container and pour it onto the flame as if pouring a liquid. The carbon dioxide gas deprives the candle of oxygen and extinguishes the flame.
Try putting out multiple candles at once. Can you think of another way to cut off the oxygen supply to the candle using the materials on hand? Remember to ask your parents for help!
All the world is a laboratory to the inquiring mind. – Martin H. Fischer
* Remember, safety first! Children should have adult supervision when doing this.
He’s a nifty video showing it in action
I was recently asked by a local magazine The Kitchen Draw to write an article about science and/or space. I wrote two articles and the space one won out. It’s about how to spot the International Space Station. I couldn’t find it on the site as it was print only but I figured I’d post what I wrote here because why not eh? So, without further ado.
Did you know that you can see the International Space Station with the unaided eye? In fact you might have seen it and not even realized it. Let’s start off with what we’re looking at in the first place.
What is the International Space Station?
The ISS is the largest man made structure ever built in space. If you were to lay it on a football field it would extend beyond the boundary lines. It measures some 350ft long and weighs in at over 100 tons. There are currently 6 crew on board but when shuttle was flying, there were as many as 13 on board. Construction on the station was completed in 2011 as the space shuttle went into retirement and it took 12 years to complete.
The purpose of the space station is multifaceted in that we want to know how to build things in space, live in space and conduct science in space. The effects of micro-gravity on the human body aren’t entirely understood and zero-g experiments on Earth are nearly impossible to conduct.
Ok, so, where is it?
It’s in space! OK
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All kids love pizza, mac ‘n cheese, and chicken nuggets, and there’s nothing wrong with indulging in these yummy foods. Who doesn’t love comfort food? However, we want our kids to eat fruits and vegetables as well,
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All kids love pizza, mac ‘n cheese, and chicken nuggets, and there’s nothing wrong with indulging in these yummy foods. Who doesn’t love comfort food? However, we want our kids to eat fruits and vegetables as well, to get a wide variety of nutrients into their diets.
Here are a few of Roni’s tips for getting kids to try new vegetables:
- Start Young: Children don’t have an aversion to food when they are little; just try and try again until something becomes familiar. It could be carrots cooked with a touch of butter and brown sugar or broccoli (dip it in ranch at first, why not?) or something more exotic like Persian cucumbers. Just stick with it.
- Practice What You Preach: Want your kids to branch out of their routine? Lead by example!
- Add it Into Familiar Dishes: Add minced cauliflower to your mac ‘n cheese base, grate zucchini into your meatballs, get creative and get those extra veggies in any way you can.
- Don’t Hide Them: I don’t ‘sneak’ fruits and vegetables into my kids’ diets. Instead, I let them try it while we’re around the dinner table. I tell them what they’re eating and why it’s good for them!
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Obesity, Physical Activity and Weight Control Glossary
This glossary defines words that are often used when people talk or write about obesity, physical activity, and weight control. It is written for people who are overweight or obese, or interested in
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Obesity, Physical Activity and Weight Control Glossary
This glossary defines words that are often used when people talk or write about obesity, physical activity, and weight control. It is written for people who are overweight or obese, or interested in learning more about obesity, physical activity, nutrition, and weight control.
The words are listed in alphabetical order. Some words have many meanings; only those meanings that relate to weight control are included.
This information is not intended to provide medical advice. Please speak with your health care provider to discuss any questions or concerns you have about weight control, physical activity, or nutrition.
Fat tissue in the body.
Surgery on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery is a weight-loss method used for people who have a body mass index (BMI) above 40. Surgery may also be an option for people with a BMI between 35 and 40 who have health problems like heart disease or type 2 diabetes.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
A way to estimate the amount of body weight that is fat and nonfat. Nonfat weight comes from bone, muscle, body water, organs, and other body tissues. BIA works by measuring how difficult it is for a harmless electrical current to move through the body. The more fat a person has, the harder it is for electricity to flow through the body. The less fat a person has, the easier it is for electricity to flow through the body. By measuring the flow of electricity, one can estimate body fat percent.
Body mass index (BMI)
A measure of body weight relative to height. BMI can be used to determine if people are at a healthy weight, overweight, or obese. To figure out BMI, use the following formula:
A body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 up to 25 refers to a healthy weight, a BMI of 25 up to 30 refers to overweight and a BMI of 30 or higher refers to obese.
A unit of energy in food. Foods have carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Some beverages have alcohol. Carbohydrates have 4 calories per gram. Proteins have 4 calories per gram. Alcohol has 7 calories per gram. Fat has 9 calories per gram.
A major source of energy in the diet. There are two kinds of carbohydrates @ simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are sugars and complex carbohydrates include both starches and fiber. Carbohydrates have 4 calories per gram. They are found naturally in foods such as breads, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and milk and dairy products. Foods such as sugar cereals, soft drinks, fruit drinks, fruit punch, lemonade, cakes, cookies, pies, ice cream, and candy are very rich in sugars.
A fat-like substance that is made by the body and is found naturally in animal foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Foods high in cholesterol include liver and organ meats, egg yolks, and dairy fats. Cholesterol is carried in the blood. When cholesterol levels are too high, some of the cholesterol is deposited on the walls of the blood vessels. Over time, the deposits can build up causing the blood vessels to narrow and blood flow to decrease. The cholesterol in food, like saturated fat, tends to raise blood cholesterol, which increases the risk for heart disease. Total blood cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dl are considered high. Levels between 200-239 mg/dl are considered borderline high. Levels under 200 mg/dl are considered desirable.
A disease that occurs when the body is not able to use blood glucose (sugar). Blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin, a hormone in the body that helps move glucose (sugar) from the blood to muscles and other tissues. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body does not respond to the insulin that is made. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. [See definitions]
What a person eats and drinks. Any type of eating plan.
The amount of energy, measured in calories, that a person uses. Calories are used by people to breath, circulate blood, digest food, and be physically active.
A major source of energy in the diet. All food fats have 9 calories per gram. Fat helps the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K, and carotenoids. Some kinds of fats, especially saturated fats, [see definition] may cause blood cholesterol to increase and increase the risk for heart disease. Other fats, such as unsaturated fats [see definition] do not increase blood cholesterol. Fats that are in foods are combinations of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids.
See bariatric surgery.
A type of diabetes mellitus that can occur when a woman is pregnant. In the second half of her pregnancy, a woman may have glucose (sugar) in her blood at a higher than normal level. In about 95 percent of cases, blood sugar returns to normal after the pregnancy is over. Women who develop gestational diabetes, however, are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
A building block for most carbohydrates. Digestion causes carbohydrates to break down into glucose. After digestion, glucose is carried in the blood and goes to b
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Given how close Ireland and Britain are geographically, standard English has surprisingly few words that originated in Irish (less surprising when politics and social history are taken into account). Examples include banshee, galore, shamrock, and perhaps smithereens
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Given how close Ireland and Britain are geographically, standard English has surprisingly few words that originated in Irish (less surprising when politics and social history are taken into account). Examples include banshee, galore, shamrock, and perhaps smithereens. Informal English has a few more, one of which may be twig, meaning ‘realise’ or ‘un
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National Geographic Kids Everything Battles : Arm Yourself with Fierce Photos and Fascinating Facts Paperback
National Geographic Kids Everything Battles captures all of the action and valour of the battlefield, as well as the trappings that go with it.
Kids will browse
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National Geographic Kids Everything Battles : Arm Yourself with Fierce Photos and Fascinating Facts Paperback
National Geographic Kids Everything Battles captures all of the action and valour of the battlefield, as well as the trappings that go with it.
Kids will browse eye-popping photographs and illustrations, as they peruse fascinating facts and information about Armor, weapons, uniforms, technology, military jets, battleships, military technology, top-secret intelligence and more.Topics include five ultimate battles, the greatest commanders of all time, and an entirely interactive chapter, in which kids can decipher a secret code, develop their own batt
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Corneal ulcers and infections
The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the outer layer of the cornea. It is often caused by infection.
Bacterial
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Corneal ulcers and infections
The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore in the outer layer of the cornea. It is often caused by infection.
Bacterial keratitis; Fungal keratitis; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Herpes simplex keratitis
Corneal ulcers are most commonly caused by an infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or a parasite.
- Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in contact lens users. It is more likely to happen in people who make their own homemade cleaning solutions.
- Fungal keratitis can occur after a corneal injury involving plant material. It may also occur in people with a suppressed immune system.
- Herpes simplex keratitis is a serious viral infection. It may cause repeated attacks that are triggered by stress, exposure to sunlight, or any condition that lowers the immune response.
Corneal ulcers or infections may also be caused by:
- Eyelids that do not close all the way, such as with Bell's palsy
- Foreign bodies in the eye
- Scratches (abrasions) on the eye surface
- Severely dry eyes
- Severe allergic eye disease
- Various inflammatory disorders
Wearing contact lenses, especially soft contacts that are left in overnight, may cause a corneal ulcer.
Symptoms of infection or ulcers of the cornea include:
- Blurry or hazy vision
- Eye that appears red or bloodshot
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Very painful and watery eyes
- White patch on the cornea
Exams and Tests
Your health care provider will do the following tests:
- Exam of scrapings from the ulcer
- Fluorescein stain of the cornea
- Keratometry (measuring the curve of the cornea)
- Pupillary reflex response
- Refraction test
- Slit-lamp examination
- Tests for dry eye
- Visual acuity
Blood tests to check for inflammatory disorders may also be nee
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The durability of wood
'Durability' means the ability of wood to resist decay and insect attack.
All mature trees have a stiff inner core known as “heartwood” surrounded by an outer layer of younger “sapwood”. The sapwood
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The durability of wood
'Durability' means the ability of wood to resist decay and insect attack.
All mature trees have a stiff inner core known as “heartwood” surrounded by an outer layer of younger “sapwood”. The sapwood is where the tree stores the nutrients essential to growth. These food reserves remain after the tree is logged and sawn into wooden products.
The heartwood of some species contains naturally occurring chemicals that make it relatively durable.
The degree of natural durability varies from species to species. Sapwood on the other hand is a source of food for many species of fungi and insects and is always vulnerable to attack.
The risk of attack by such biological organisms increases significantly if the moisture content of wood rises above 20% for any reason – for example poor installation practice or maintenance, persistent condensation and damp.
Increasing utilisation and management of forest resources means that wooden components are more likely to contain high proportions of sapwood with low durability. However, thanks to the science of wood protection technology, wood can be made highly durable with a reliable long term performance in almost any situation.
Sawn timber showing heartwood (darker) and sapwood colour variation. Heartwood is not always distinguishable and the proportion of sapwood can vary significantly from one piece of wood to another. All sapwood is non-durable.
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Afro-Peruvian music is played on the coast of Peru and includes songs for celebration, and songs for lamenting. Festejo is the fun dance that is the oldest expression of African identity in Peru. Lando is similar to the
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Afro-Peruvian music is played on the coast of Peru and includes songs for celebration, and songs for lamenting. Festejo is the fun dance that is the oldest expression of African identity in Peru. Lando is similar to the Blues in North America, songs of sorrow sung by Africans in the New World. It is different from the music of the mountains of Peru. In the mountains, the Quechua people play pan flutes and guitars.
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Do you need a great hook for teaching how to write a newspaper report?
Several years ago, I came across the book Tuesday, by David Wiesner, a nearly wordless book about the strange events of one specific evening and one group of
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Do you need a great hook for teaching how to write a newspaper report?
Several years ago, I came across the book Tuesday, by David Wiesner, a nearly wordless book about the strange events of one specific evening and one group of frogs. As a twist I decided, instead of using it as a book, to create an actual crime scene in the classroom and playground and to immerse the children in the story of the frogs’ adventures.
Setting the scene
I had a wonderful TA who just happened to have her very own pond with giant lily pads; to take it a step further I made my very own toad slime with green food colouring and shampoo which I poured over items of washing and the old lady’s cup and remote and of course the lily pads. I also found some green bath crystals which the children concluded were toad eggs.
Garnering involvement beyond the classroom
We had a super governing body at the school, who I managed to involve by playing the “victims”, which included roles for an elderly lady, a man eating a sandwich, a police officer, and a dog owner. I invited them to be interviewed by the children (after, of course, briefing the governors fully), using closed- and open-ended questions I
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Getting Rid of Birds from your home or business.
Introduced birds that are considered pests in Australia include the Indian Mynah, the Common Starling, and common pigeon. Historically, control programs have struggled to curb the expansion and proliferation of invasive
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Getting Rid of Birds from your home or business.
Introduced birds that are considered pests in Australia include the Indian Mynah, the Common Starling, and common pigeon. Historically, control programs have struggled to curb the expansion and proliferation of invasive bird populations in Australia.
People should be aware that Invasive Birds have been associated with diseases such as lung, heart and kidney disease, salmonella and respiratory problems to name just a few. A home or work place free of Invasive Birds and their faecal material will make for a healthier work environment.
- Identify the birds you need to get rid of. You will need to make sure the birds and not native of protected before you take any further steps.
- Remove food sources from your property or from near your property. Pigeons have great memories when it comes to food sources.
- Find the location of the bird and where it is nesting. Birds will often nest in openings to vents, lofts, roofs (entering through dislodged or broken roof tiles) eaves or old cracks or holes can be blocked with a variety of materials such as: wire mesh, wood, sheet metal, or other solid construction materials to prevent birds from entering.
- If possible when the bird is not in the nest, remove the nest (with gloves) and any other nesting material and seal up the area or hole that the bird is using.
- Repel Birds, you can repel birds by blasting them with water and making it hard for birds to nest. You can also use physical barriers like bird spikes and netting. You can try natural repellants such as sprinkling spices to deter pigeons (e.g. cayenne pepper)
- To remove birds over time, you can limit the next generation by removing nests or destroying eggs. For feral pigeons, remove eggs at two-week intervals in the spring and summer.
If you think you might have a Birds in or around your home you will need to contact Knockout Pest Control by Rentokil for a pest inspection.
Birds can be a difficult problem, as they can nest or roost in buildings and roofing, turn a building into an eyesore simply with unsightly droppings not to mention the fact they can carry many diseases.
An invasive Bird is one that is not native to the area and is threatening to the local environment, agricultural resources ecosystem, local economy or human health. by the damage it causes. Not all non-native birds are therefore naturally invasive: many of them can adapt to new niches in different ecosystems without harmful effects.
Types of Invasive Birds
The Rock Pigeon
The rock pigeon (Columba livia) originated in the Eastern Hemisphere. Some of these pigeons were eventually domesticated by humans. Escaped domestic and racing/homing pigeons established populations in cities and towns. They were introduced into Australia by the early settlers from England. The Rock Pigeon is often referred to as feathered rats by some and highly prized for its speed and ability to return home by othe
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If you’re like most parents who have just been told your child or teen has type 1 diabetes, it is a complete shock. Only about 10 percent of the time do we find a family history of type 1 diabetes. There is
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If you’re like most parents who have just been told your child or teen has type 1 diabetes, it is a complete shock. Only about 10 percent of the time do we find a family history of type 1 diabetes. There is more to learn about what causes, prevents and cures type 1 diabetes.
In the meantime, we must all work together to help your child live a long and healthy life. And yes, that is a realistic goal. Research studies show that people with type 1 diabetes who aim to keep their blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible can significantly lower the chances of life-threatening complications related to diabetes.
What Goes Wrong
The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was made because your child’s level of glucose (sugar) in the blood was above normal. This indicates that the metabolic system of checks and balances in the body is not working. Insulin is not being produced. Insulin is essential to escort the glucose from the foods we eat into cells of the body where it is critically needed to function properly. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream.
Your child may still be producing some insulin at this point, but in type 1 diabetes the pancreas loses all ability to produce insulin. The islet cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are gradually all destroyed, a process that we cannot at this point stop. Injections of insulin or an insulin pump are then needed to survive.
Why Not an Insulin Pill?
Insulin can’t be given orally because it is a protein and would be digested instead of getting to the bloodstream where it is needed. Just about all of the commercially available insulins now are genetically engineered as human insulin. Insulin comes in a variety of preparations that differ according to how fast it takes effect, when that effect is the greatest, and how long it continues to work in the body.
Living with Diabetes
What seems overwhelming now will eventually become routine. One of the first hurdles to get over is that to help your child, you must prick him or her with a needle. This will get easier for all involved. There are new devices as well as some in development that make blood glucose testing and insulin injections less painful, easier and more precise.
To live successfully with diabetes essentially means to learn how to be a pancreas. You have to learn how to monitor blood glucose levels and adjust the levels of insulin needed accordingly. To do this, you must consider several factors:
- Blood glucose levels, measured several times a day.
- The timing and content of meals eaten (specifically, considering type and amount of carbohydrates in the foods).
- The amount of physical activity, which requires more glucose and thus more insulin.
- And then based on need, getting doses of insulin through multiple injections or an insulin pump into the body multiple times a day.
Your healthcare team will be your main helpline.
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Dartoad looks like a slim frog with a green and pink body, white belly and chin and pink legs and eyes.It has a small white patch on it's head. It has small round eyes. Its cheeks and toes are pink. It
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Dartoad looks like a slim frog with a green and pink body, white belly and chin and pink legs and eyes.It has a small white patch on it's head. It has small round eyes. Its cheeks and toes are pink. It has a green tail with a green leaf at the end of it.
Dartoad uses its very sturdy tail as a shield in battles.
When it's hunting for insects, it hides in a bush and lies its tail on the ground, waiting for prey to cross its tail so it can catch the prey with its tongue and eat it in a matter of seconds.
Dartoad lives in marshy areas in forests.
Dartoad uses its leaf-like tail to defend itself from attacks by using it like a shield. They live in damp areas.
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Hubble views extraordinary multi-tailed asteroid P/2013 P5
These NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope images reveal a never-before seen set of six comet-like tails radiating from a body in the asteroid belt and designated P/201
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Hubble views extraordinary multi-tailed asteroid P/2013 P5
These NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope images reveal a never-before seen set of six comet-like tails radiating from a body in the asteroid belt and designated P/2013 P5.
The asteroid was discovered as an unusually fuzzy looking object by astronomers using the Pan-STARRS survey telescope in Hawaii. The multiple tails were discovered in Hubble images taken on 10 September 2013. When Hubble returned t
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To spank or not to spank? Opinions vary wildly on this emotionally-charged subject. But according to a recent review of 20 years of research, spanking can have a long-term, negative impact on child development, reports MSNBC.
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To spank or not to spank? Opinions vary wildly on this emotionally-charged subject. But according to a recent review of 20 years of research, spanking can have a long-term, negative impact on child development, reports MSNBC.
The analysis shows that while there are short-term benefits to spanking, there is no link between positive behavior and corporal punishment in the long-run. Instead, a child that is hit is more likely to be aggressive—toward family members or their peers—and exhibit other antisocial behavior. No study has been able to establish positive associations with physical discipline, to date.
"I think it's important for parents to understand that although physical punishment might get a child to do something in the immediate situation, there are many side effects that can develop over the long term," said Joan Durrant, co-author of the study and a child clinical psychologist at Family Social Sciences at the University of Manitoba in Canada.
According to an article in TIME, children who are spanked are also more prone to lying, as they will say anything to avoid being spanked. Harsher punishments can hurt self-esteem and lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety, as well as substance-abuse, later in life.
“Two-year-olds are the most aggressive people in the world. They don’t understand the impact of their behavior and they can’t inhibit themselves. So the more a child sees someone resolving conflict with aggression, the more aggressive they become,” Durrant said.
Do you spank your children? From your personal experience, do you think there is truth in this study?
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Microsoft is working on its own Google Glass alternative, a wearable computer which can overlay real-time data onto a user’s view of the world around them. The research, outed in a patent application published today for “Event Augmentation with Real-Time
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Microsoft is working on its own Google Glass alternative, a wearable computer which can overlay real-time data onto a user’s view of the world around them. The research, outed in a patent application published today for “Event Augmentation with Real-Time Information” (No. 20120293548), centers on a special set of digital eyewear with one or both lenses capable of injecting computer graphics and text into the user’s line of sight, such as to label players in a sports game, flag up interesting statistics, or even identify objects and offer contextually-relevant information about them.
The digital glasses would track the direction in which the wearer was looking, and adjust its on-screen graphics accordingly; Microsoft also envisages a system whereby eye-tracking is used to select areas of focus within the scene. Information shown could follow a preprogrammed script – Microsoft uses the example of an opera, where background detail about the various scenes and arias could be shown in order – or on an ad-hoc basis, according to contextual cues from the surrounding environment.
Actually opting into that data could be based on social network checkins, Microsoft suggests, or by the headset simply using GPS and other positioning sensors to track the wearer’s location. The hardware itself could be entirely self-contained, within glasses, as per what we’ve seen of Google’s Project Glass, or it could split off the display section from a separate “processing unit” in a pocket or worn on the wrist, with either a wired or wireless connection between the two.
In Microsoft’s cutaway diagram – a top-down perspective of one half of the AR eyewear – there’s an integrated microphone (910) and a front-facing camera for video and stills (913), while video is shown to the wearer via a light guide (912). That (along with a number of lenses) works with standard eyeglass lenses (916 and 918), whether prescription or otherwise, while the opacity filter (914) helps improve light guide contrast by blocking out some of the ambient light. The picture itself is projected from a microdisplay (920) through a collimating lens (922). There are also various sensors and outputs, potentially including speakers (930), inertial sensors (932) and a temperature monitor (938).
Microsoft is keeping its options open when it comes to display types, and as well as generic liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) and LCD there’s the suggestion that the wearable could use Qualcomm’s mirasol or a Microvision PicoP laser projector. An eye-tracker (934) could be used to spot pupil movement, either using IR projection, an internally-facing camera, or another method.
Whereas Google has focused on the idea of Glass as a “wearable smartphone” that saves users from pulling out their phone to check social networks, get navigation directions, and shoot photos and video, Microsoft’s interpretation of augmented reality takes a slightly different approach in building around live events. One possibility we could envisage is that the glasses might be provided by an entertainment venue, such as a sports ground or theater, just as movie theaters loan 3D glasses for the duration of a film.
That would reduce the need for users to actually buy the (likely expensive) glasses themselves, and – since they’d only be required to last the duration of the show or game – the battery demands would be considerably less than a full day. Of course, a patent application alone doesn’t mean Microsoft is intending a commercial release, but given the company’s apparently increasing focus on entertainment (such as the rumored Xbox set-top box) it doesn’t seem too great a stretch.
[via Unwired View]
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It is located 11 light years away from Earth and is 2,800 times less radiant than the Sun.
"We realised that there were some very peculiar signals in the 10-minute dynamic spectrum that we obtained from "Ross 128" (
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It is located 11 light years away from Earth and is 2,800 times less radiant than the Sun.
"We realised that there were some very peculiar signals in the 10-minute dynamic spectrum that we obtained from "Ross 128" (GJ 447), observed May 12", wrote professor Abel Mendez, planetary astrobiologist and director of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico in a blog post.
Astronomers at the University of Puerto Ricohave detected mysterious radio signals coming from outer space.
Mr Mendez said that the signal was "almost periodic", and although it is unlikely that it originates from alien beings, it can not be ruled out.
As such, official alien hunters have been notified.
"We do not know the origin of these signals but there are three main possible explanations: they could be emissions from "Ross 128" similar to Type II solar flares, emissions from another object in the field of view of "Ross 128", or just burst from a high orbit satellite since low orbit satellites are quick to move out of the field of view", Mendez said. This finding has been revealed to SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) - an alien-hunting authority.
"The field of view of (Arecibo) is wide enough, so there is the possibility that the signals were caused not by the star but another object in the line of sight".
A senior astronomer at SETI Institute named Seth Shostak explained that they were well aware of the signals and they wish to use California's powerful Allen Telescope Array to examine them.
He said: "Success will be to find the signal again in the star but not in its surrounding [s]".
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Tunerval - Smart interval training
By Sam Bender
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Tunerval helps with three ear training skills: audiation, relative pitch, and intonation.
• Audiation is the ability to hear a
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Tunerval - Smart interval training
By Sam Bender
Open iTunes to buy and download apps.
Tunerval helps with three ear training skills: audiation, relative pitch, and intonation.
• Audiation is the ability to hear a pitch in your head
• Relative pitch is the ability to identify or produce an interval from a reference pitch
• Intonation is the ability to discriminate pitches which are close together
- Game Play -
For each question, Tunerval will play two pitches. For the specified interval, you must use your ear to determine whether the second pitch played was sharp, flat, or in tune. As you get more questions correct, the difference between the correct interval and the sharp and flat pitches decreases.
If you want to continue to improve, you need to project the pitch of the correct interval in your head and compare it with the pitch that was played.
What's New in Version 1.3.10
Fixes crash that occurs when piano samples do not exist for a note within the note range.
Buying piano sound breaks the app
Was working fine otherwise
- Category: Music
- Updated: Jun 26, 2017
- Version: 1.3.10
- Size: 6.7 MB
- Languages: English, German, Simplified Chinese
- Seller: Sam Bender
- © 2017 Sam Bender
Compatibility: Requires iOS 8.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch.
Top In-App Purchases
- Instrument piano samples$0.99
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Hold the wood pieces together with the help of this finger joints which are incredibly helpful as well. It forms a strong and steady corners and joints. In woodworking, these finger joints are used to create functional as well as beautifully decorative boxes.
How about
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Hold the wood pieces together with the help of this finger joints which are incredibly helpful as well. It forms a strong and steady corners and joints. In woodworking, these finger joints are used to create functional as well as beautifully decorative boxes.
How about making some creative yet classy woodworking boxes using these finger joints? Finger joints may be simple in the looks, but the utility is just fantastic for creating boxes and other stuff.
Well! Then, here is a fantastic guide to making finger joints in woodworking. Have a look at this:
What are the things that are needed to make finger joints?
To create finger joints, you will need certain things such as-
- 4 clamps
- Miter saw
- Dado blade
- Thick 2-foot-by-6-foot board
- Thick wooden boards
- Thickness planer
- Wood screw
- Measuring tape
- Wood glue
How to make Finger Joints in Woodworking?
- To make finger joints, cut off 35-inches long wooden board and leave the rest of the board to use as the extension of the miter saw gauge. In the wooden board, measure a length of approx 14 inches and draw an outline with a pen.
- On the miter saw, place the dado blade correctly and put its width so as to match the thickness of the wooden board which you will be using to create the finger joint.
- You must have a miter saw table to place the miter gauge extension and markup at the center of the dado blade with a pencil. Cut it accordingly and then measure few inches and again mark it. Now cut the marked line to make the very first finger of the joint.
- To make the key to the finger joint, you need to cut the other board. Now put the key on the first cut and make it secured with the help of a screw to set it below the wood’s surface. Now line up the second cut that you’ve done with the dado blade and then make it secured enough with the extension gauge to the saw miter with a suitable clamp.
- To make the finger joint, the wood that you will be using, take that and make it stand on the end corner set flat against the extension part and keep another edge of it against the finger joint jig key. Now clamp it at the right place pushing the wood forward along the dado blade. You can use the extension guide to take help in cutting the wood in a correct size and shape.
- Bring the board right back towards the blade and then place the cut-out section over the key. You can also use the key as a guide to make the second cut. Continue to cut the fingers on the board and then shift on to the second board after finishing the first. Attach the finger joints and the stick a clamp onto them to hold it together in a place.
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Adults under the age of thirty frequent libraries more often than their adult counterparts. A 2014 survey by the Pew Research Center shows that 50% of Americans ages 16-29 visited a public library in the previous year, compared to
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Adults under the age of thirty frequent libraries more often than their adult counterparts. A 2014 survey by the Pew Research Center shows that 50% of Americans ages 16-29 visited a public library in the previous year, compared to 47% of their adult counterparts. Correlated findings show that millennials also lead in library website use, with 36% reporting use compared to 28% of adults over the age of 30. So if the younger generation has readily available access to information via their smartphones, what are they using the library for?
Millennials value the library as a community hub that’s crucial to the public commons. It turns out they valu
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The recent National Geographic – Roper 2002 Global Geographic Literacy Survey has shown us that only 36% of young American adults know which two countries are
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Today’s newsletter is brought to you by the following sponsor. Please take a look
The recent National Geographic – Roper 2002 Global Geographic Literacy Survey has shown us that only 36% of young American adults know which two countries are fighting over the region of Kashmir. And about 11% of polled Americans (ages 18 to 24) couldn’t even locate the United States on a world map. If these statistics concern you, it’s time to integrate more geography into our classrooms and homes. Here are some online games that make fun out of studying geography.
Funschool Geography Games
Nestled among dozens of educational games for upper elementary students are five geography games. On this page, you’ll find Capital Field Trip, Capitals, Flag Flags, Where in the World Is? and U.S. State Detective (“Where is Illinois? No, that’s Wisconsin.”) Fourth, fifth and sixth grades can race against the clock, as they learn the capitals, flags, countries and states. Younger kids can select the first or second grade category to play Geography Jumble where they can rearrange the virtual alphabet magnets to spell geography-related words.
“Come on out and play in the new GeoBee Quiz! Show your geography smarts right here online. Each day we’ll post five new questions from the National Geographic Bee. Some of the questions are real stumpers, but it’s okay if you miss a few you can play as often as you like.” To visit the rest of National Geographic for Kids, look for the small “KIDS” link in the top left-hand corner.
Quia’s Top Twenty Geography Activities
Quia is a subscription site with tools for creating interactive games and learning activities such as concentration puzzles, quizzes, flash cards, and word searches. Although it costs to create the activities, playing them is free. This page lists the twenty most popular Quia geography quizzes and activities. Topics include U.S. State Capitals, European Countries/Capitals, World Currencies, and Capitals of Spanish Speaking Countries. Quia warns that because there is no fact-checker proofing each activity, some errors might exist.
Where in the World?
Start your geography lesson by choosing a region of the world, and studying the interactive maps which name each country as your mouse passes over it. When you’re ready for the games, each region has three to choose from: Find Game (“Where is Finland?”), Quiz Game (“This country is famous for its clocks.”) or Word Game (a hangman-like word guessing game). My favorite click is Quiz Game; but remember you must choose a region before you’ll see the game choices.
Where is That?
“The game where your mind is your map.” Choose from seven maps and five levels of difficulty. Level one starts with multiple choice questions (“Is this France, Russia or Germany?”) Level five means spelling the country or state AND its capital city. Want to play against a buddy? Hats off to Funbrain for including a two-player version, where each player can choose his own level of difficulty. And this marvelous game is Java-free, so it’s compatible with older browsers and WebTV.
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As of August 2015, the latest Wi-Fi technology is the 802.11ac, a faster and more scalable version of 802.11n. It has three different dimensions by which it achieves raw speed increase and ensures the advantages
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As of August 2015, the latest Wi-Fi technology is the 802.11ac, a faster and more scalable version of 802.11n. It has three different dimensions by which it achieves raw speed increase and ensures the advantages of gigabit Ethernet in the wireless network.Continue Reading
One of the major dimensions that 802.11ac achieves is a speed increase, which it accomplishes with channel bonding that's increased from a maximum of 40 megahertz in 802.11n to 80 MHz or even 160 MHz. It also offers denser modulation and more multiple input-multiple output, providing eight spatial streams compared to the previous four. The number of clients supported by an access point also increases, and parallel video streams have more available bandwidth compared to the bandwidth available with previous Wi-Fi versions. Since it is a 5-gigahertz-only technology, it allows clients to operate in the less crowded 5-GHz band.
Whereas the previous 802.11n version transfers a single frame at a time to all its ports, 802.11ac has multiuser-MIMO technology that allows an access point to send
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This exercise of surrender was performed with SFAI Contemporary Practices students in the fall of 2014.
Our intention with this exercise was to have students question what they were participating in and to consider the idea of surrender and negotiation within collaboration. Our
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This exercise of surrender was performed with SFAI Contemporary Practices students in the fall of 2014.
Our intention with this exercise was to have students question what they were participating in and to consider the idea of surrender and negotiation within collaboration. Our belief is that collaboration can be sticky and it questions the authority and autonomy of an individual. This exercise with white flags was an attempt to encourage contemplation around concepts of surrender and negotiation. Some questions we wanted to provoke were: Within collaboration, is there a giving up of auto
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Unity of Mankind.
The doctrine by which Judaism exerted the greatest influence upon the history of the world is, however, that of the unity of the human family. The first eleven chapters of Genesis, whatever the origin of the narrative may be
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Unity of Mankind.
The doctrine by which Judaism exerted the greatest influence upon the history of the world is, however, that of the unity of the human family. The first eleven chapters of Genesis, whatever the origin of the narrative may be (see Babylonia and Genesis), teach that all the tribes of men have descended from one parent, Adam (= "man"), and that consequently the various races constitute one family. This doctrine is the logical consequence of the other, the unity of God. The theology of Judaism shaped its anthropology also. Childlike as the story of the confusion of tongues at the building of the Tower of Babel may appear (Gen. xi. 1-9, probably based upon an old Babylonian myth relating to the battle of the giants with the celestial gods), the Jewish genius made it convey a great truth, namely: God dispersed men in order to cause the whole earth to be the habitation of the human race, and thus to found and establish the higher unity of man upon the greatest possible diversity. Accordingly the end of history is that the Lord shall "turnto the nations [A. V., incorrectly, "the people"] a pure language, that they may all call upon the name of the Lord, to serve Him with one consent" (Zeph. iii. 9; comp. Gen. ix. 1).
Here is foreshadowed the world-plan of salvation, the Kingdom of God, an idea peculiar to Judaism. As Creation is centered upon man, so is the perfection of humanity, through the unfolding of all the powers of man in the world, the aim of the world-drama of history (Gen. i. 28; Isa. xlv. 18). "The world was created for man" (Ber. 6b). "Abraham, the true type of humanity, would have been the first-created man had God not seen the necessity of making him the restorer of a world corrupted by sin since Adam's day." "The Torah given to Israel on Sinai was originally intended for Adam as the first man; but, seeing that the six Noachian commandments—that is, the unwritten laws of humanity—were kept by him, God reserved the Torah for the descendants of Abraham" (Eccl. R. iii. 11; comp. Gen. R. xvi. 9, xxiv. 5). By their non-observance of the Noachian laws (Gen. R. xxiii., xxxviii.) the early generations of men all failed to fulfil the design of the Creator; Abraham was therefore selected to bring men back to the way of righteousness (Gen. xviii. 19; Josh. xxiv. 3), and thus to reunite the world by making the God of heaven God of the earth also (Gen. R. xxxix. 13, lix. 11).
The Ten Words of Sinai, too, were intended for every nation; but when all the others refused to accept them and Israel alone merited the priesthood by promising "What the Lord sayeth we will do," the Owner of the whole earth rendered Israel "His peculiar treasure among the nations, a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (Ex. xix. 1-8, xxiv. 7; Mek., Yitro, Bahodesh, 5; Sifre, Deut. 343; Pesiḳ. R. xxi.). In fact, the Ten Words of Sinai were promulgated in seventy languages in order that they might be understood by all of the seventy nations (Shab. 88b). "Had Israel not accepted the Law, the world would have been turned into chaos" (Shab. 88a).
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As we approach the first anniversary of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on 25 September 2016, at least one thing is clear: nothing will be achieved without a joined-up approach and an integrated strategy.
In practice, this
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As we approach the first anniversary of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on 25 September 2016, at least one thing is clear: nothing will be achieved without a joined-up approach and an integrated strategy.
In practice, this means that the UN’s silos will need to start talking the same language. It’s not about dumbing down; quite the opposite, in fact. It’s about better understanding the work done by partners, including all the nuances and intricacies, so that we can work more effectively together. This counts on all levels (national, regional and local) as well as between levels. For example, the UN System and Member States will have to work more closely with civil society.
International trade: a case in point
Jeffrey Sachs is Special Advisor to the UN Secretary-General and Director of the Earth Institute – and a strong supporter of the UN’s 2030 Agenda. He has consistently highlighted the importance of trade as a way to end poverty, and to achieve the SDGs, saying that “when countries open up to trade, they generally benefit because they can sell more, then they can buy more. And trade has a two-way gain.”
But when asked about the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) (also known as TTIP) he expressed grave concerns. He supports neither agreement, partly over concerns for the environment and growing inequality. Sachs’ ambivalence to free trade agreements reflects the reality lived by many millions of people worldwide – and the legitimate concerns of civil society. After all, the liberalisation of international trade and the dismantling of barriers have had both positive and negative impacts for the Global South.
In this context the World Trade Organization (WTO) is regularly involved in trade disputes and multilateral trade diplomacy. What does this mean in practice? It means that rival claims and complex agreements are unavoidable. But again, understanding the nuances is key.
The crucial role of women
The role of free and fair trade is not, however, the only cross-cutting issue for the SDGs. It is increasingly clear that for trade to be free and fair – truly free and fair – women need to play a more active role in decision-making processes. Indeed, the only way to achieve peace, progress and prosperity will be by empowering women.
UN efforts have been led by UN Women since 2010, not only in developing and sharing empowerment policies but also with regards to training and education. For example, UN Women’s Training Centre provides guidance to UN officials, governments and civil society: to mainstream gender at all levels, while giving stakeholders the tools to improve their internal gender equality.
Researcher Kristjana Sigurbjörnsdóttir, from UNU-GEST in Iceland, stressed the importance of gender in UNU’s Global Goals Series, stating that “without the full and equal participation of both women and men, it will be impossible to make real and lasting progress in addressing sustainable development challenges, such as ensuring welfare and educational services and food security, or building peace and accountable institutions”.
Adding value through clarity
International trade and gender equality are two important cross-cutting areas that the UN System and Member States need to address in a more coherent and coordinated manner to ensure sustainable development by 2030. In recognition of this fact, UNU has made a concrete contribution to the discussion via its Jargon Buster app: by integrating the knowledge created and used by UN Women and the WTO.
The UNU Jargon Buster is a metaglossary app for iOS & Android, which gathers the knowledge created and used across the UN: from simple acronyms t
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The John Bowne House is located in Quaker meeting in 1662 that resulted in the arrest of its owner, John Bowne. Since 1947, Bowne House has been a museum.
The house stands at #
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The John Bowne House is located in Quaker meeting in 1662 that resulted in the arrest of its owner, John Bowne. Since 1947, Bowne House has been a museum.
The house stands at #1 Bowne Street at 37th Avenue in Flushing, New York. The house is a wood-frame English Colonial saltbox, notable for its steeply pitched roof with three dormers. it was altered several times from the original over the years, and was lived in by several generations of the Bowne family until 1945, when they turned it over to the control of the Bowne Historical Society.
- ↑ Thomas Allen Glenn: Some Colonial Mansions and Those Who Lived in Them (Philadelphia, PA.:H.T. Coates, 1898-1900)
- ↑ Trebor Haynes:Bowne House: A Shrine to Religious Freedom. (New York:Flushing Savings Bank, n.d. [?1952])
- ↑ Kenneth T. Jackson, ed. The Encyclopedia of New York City P.133 (New York: The New-York Historical Society)
|This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at John Bowne House. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with QuakerWiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.|
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Institutional Explanations of Economic Development: the Role of Precious Metals
Recent research has emphasized the influence of colonization on the institutional development and economic performance in former European colonies. Where European colonizers settled, they replicated the investment-conduc
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Institutional Explanations of Economic Development: the Role of Precious Metals
Recent research has emphasized the influence of colonization on the institutional development and economic performance in former European colonies. Where European colonizers settled, they replicated the investment-conducive institutions found at home. It has been argued that a harsh disease environment and a highly urbanized native population worked against colonization. We show evidence for another significant element explaining the endogenous character of colonization strategies and the formation of institutions. We find the presence of precious metals, gold and silver, to imply an increase in settlements, and an improvement in institutional quality, even when correcting for settlements. Highly valued gold and silver reserves attracted Europeans in large numbers and resulted in an institutional upgrade of mineral-rich areas.
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Platos Symposium analysis Platos Symposium Kaboom, that was the sound of Zeuss hollow crashing towards the Earth. During this time period the race in Greece believed in these gods. in addition happening at the same time period was when the worlds close
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Platos Symposium analysis Platos Symposium Kaboom, that was the sound of Zeuss hollow crashing towards the Earth. During this time period the race in Greece believed in these gods. in addition happening at the same time period was when the worlds close celebrated philosophers began to come out and teach. Most importantly the philosophers did what they were suppose to, and that was to question the world around them. One of the most famous philosophers in the Greek period around 416 B.C. was a pederastic named Socrates.
Socrates was student of the Diotima which taught him things about love, ignorance, wisdom and reform opinion, which he rehearses to the wad attendi ng the dinner of Agathons. We will first start by analyzing what Diotima has said about the four cognitive functions, which are: wisdom, understanding, refine opinion and ignorance. She asks Socrates do you think what is not wise, then it is untaught? and she continues with Do you not perceive that there is s...If you want to dissipate a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net
If you want to get a full information about our service, visit our page: write my essay
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What is comfortable humidity?
Hitting 50 percent or lower is the number of what is comfortable humidityThere are those days when the weather is so thick and sticky with humidity that melting might be your only option. Humidity messes with your hair
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What is comfortable humidity?
Hitting 50 percent or lower is the number of what is comfortable humidityThere are those days when the weather is so thick and sticky with humidity that melting might be your only option. Humidity messes with your hair and even your joints.
What is a comfortable humidity level? The ideal humidity level in a home is below 50 percent. This level prevents the growth of mold and mildew. It also makes it less likely that bacteria thrive and dust mite infestations occur.
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor that is in the atmosphere. Water vapor is caused by plant transpiration and evaporation from the surface of the Earth. Humidity is also caused by the breakdown of methane by sunlight in the stratosphere.
The best way to measure the humidity in your home is by using a hygrometer. Anything in between 30 percent and 50 percent relative humidity is comfortable. Air quality appliances - humidifiers, purifiers and dehumidifiers - can help regulate indoor humidity levels.
Absolute humidity refers to the actual amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere. Relative humidity refers to the percentage of water vapor present in the air in comparison to the amount of water needed to create saturation at the same temperature.
When humidity is too high or too low it can affect the way a person feels, making him suffer from aches and pains. The joints in the body are made of sensory nerves, which are called baro-receptors. When the weather changes the nerves in the joints respond to the alteration in the atmosphere.
The amount of humidity determines how many allergens are going to be present in an indoor space. When humidity is high, mold and dust mites grow, which does a number on those suffering from allergies. High humidity is not comfortable for allergy sufferers. Even those who are not plagued by allergies are affected by high humidity because hot, moist air impacts our joints.
When it is extremely humid, humans canít sweat as effectively because the air is so full of moisture it is difficult for the air to absorb the sweat off of a personís skin. People feet sticky and hot as a result. They arenít able to cool themselves down by sweating. Individuals can experience overheating in high humidity conditions as well as dehydration and chemical imbalances because they lose water and body chemicals that are needed to keep them healthy.
Humidity is, however, necessary. When it is very dry with no humidity, cold viruses boom, according to the Mayo Clinic. When there is little or no humidity, your nose can become stuffy and your throat gets scratchy. That is because the dry air dries out mucous membranes. When a person canít breathe at night because his nose is stopped up this indicates that more humidity should be introduced into the bedroom.
When there is 100 percent relative humidity, the air is completely saturated with water vapor. At this point, the air canít hold any more water so it rains. It can rain when the relative humidity level is lower than 100 percent but there must be 100 percent relative humidity for clouds to form.
When the relative humidity is high, humans feel hotter that the actual temperature. If the relative humidity is low, humans feel cooler than the actual temperature and thatís because sweat evaporates more easily in lower humidity, which cools the individual. If it is 75 degrees outside, and the relative humidity is 100 percent itís going to feel five degrees hotter or 80 degrees. On the other hand, if there is zero relative humidity and it is 75 degrees outside. The air temperature is going to feel as though it is 69 degrees.
Humidity can be reduced in your home by installing dehumidifiers and air conditions. It is also controlled by venting rooms where there is moisture such as the bathroom and laundry room.
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An English archaeologist claims that humans – not rats, as has long been believed – spread the plague that ravaged London in the mid-14th century.
“The evidence just isn’t there to support it,” Barney Sloane, author of ‘
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An English archaeologist claims that humans – not rats, as has long been believed – spread the plague that ravaged London in the mid-14th century.
“The evidence just isn’t there to support it,” Barney Sloane, author of ‘The Black Death in London,’ told The Telegraph. “We ought to be finding great heaps of dead rats in all the waterfront sites but they just aren’t there.
“And all the evidence I’ve looked at suggests the plague spread too fast for the traditional explanation of transmission
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The following story is extracted from an account entitled: Der Feierich Drach vum Zinnekopp, or the Fiery Dragon of the Pinnacle, written by William H. Rinkenbach. The scene is set in Albany
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The following story is extracted from an account entitled: Der Feierich Drach vum Zinnekopp, or the Fiery Dragon of the Pinnacle, written by William H. Rinkenbach. The scene is set in Albany Township, Berks County.
“About 1925 there toiled up the northeastern side of the pinnacle ridge a party of hunters which included the late Levi and Morris Hemerly, brothers who were natives of the region and had often traversed the mountain in search of game. Nearing the summit, another of the party saw a wall-like cliff with a small rectangular opening in its face. He found that, beyond the opening which was too small to permit passage of a human body, there was a chamber with a sandy floor. Upon calling the brothers to inspect his find, he was told that this was one of the least known caverns of the mountain, and one brother remarked to the other: “Sie meene des waer der Blatz, wu der Drach nei waer.”
“Arriving at the summit, the memebers of the party halted to rest and eat. The remark quoted above had aroused the curiosity of one of the party, the brothers were plied with questions as to its meaning, and from them was learned the story of the fiery dragon of the Pinnacle.”
“For many years residents of the locality had on dark nights, beheld the spectacle of a huge, luminous body with a long shining tail emerging from the mountainside. As hazy and impalpable as a softly-glowing cloud, at times it would appear to move slowly along the side of the mountain; while at other times it could be seen against the sky as it passed form the Pinnacle ridge to the top of the nearby Donatskopp. After a time it would be seen to return to a point on the Pinnacle near where it had been seen emerging.
“This sight had been a source of awe and some fear to the parents and grandparents of the brothers. Majestically moving, ‘mit Feierschwanz’ against the inky background of mountain or sky, the Drach was awesome in size and appearance.”
“The element of fearfulness was inspired by an old story that many, many years before, the skeleton of a man had been found in one of the caves on the mountain, and while this was claimed to be the remains of an Indian, in the minds of many it was associated with the presence of the Drach. Later, two men disappeared suddenly and permanently from the region, and this was explained by some people by the existence of the Drach and the earlier finding of the skeleton.”
” However the Drach was not generally viewed as a dangerous and vengeful spirit, its appearance was not considered an omen of misfortune, and its connection with the foregoing events was considered not proven. To the rustic mind it simply existed, and its activities were to be viewed with the same wonde
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In this post, we’ll warm up our geometry muscles by looking at one of the most basic data analysis techniques: linear regression. You’ve probably encountered it elsewhere, but I want to think about it from the point of view of geometry and,
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In this post, we’ll warm up our geometry muscles by looking at one of the most basic data analysis techniques: linear regression. You’ve probably encountered it elsewhere, but I want to think about it from the point of view of geometry and, particularly, the distributions that I introduced in my previous post. Recall that our goal is to infer a probability distribution from a set of data points. Linear regression follows a very common pattern among modeling algorithms: We choose a basic form that we want the distribution to have, then we choose the distribution that best fits the given data among all distributions of this form.
In two-dimensional linear regression, the general form for a model is a distribution concentrated along a line. A line is determined by two parameters – its slope and it y-intercept – and we want to find the parameters that determine the best fit line for a given set of points. We know that the data points probably won’t all fall right on any one line, so there will always be some error. This is why we have to allow for a blurry probability distribution, as in the last post.
For any given line, we can define a distribution that is equal to one along the line and decreases as we move away from the line. In particular, the probability will be defined by the Gaussian function ( where is the distance), so that as we move away from the line, the probability will follow a bell curve shown in the Figure above. The right side shows a graph of the distribution function – The height of the graph is the probability at each point. This looks like a bell curve extended along the line.
The regression algorithm picks out the one line, out of all possible lines, for which the data points best fit the corresponding distribution. But how do we determine how good the fit is? A given distribution assigns to each point a probability between 0 and 1, indicated below by how dark the point is. You can think of this as the probability that the given point will be randomly chosen. The probability that a collection of points would be chosen at random is the product of their individual probabilities. The regression algorithm chooses the distribution that assigns the highest probability to the given data points. In other words, it chooses the distribution in which the data points are overall in the darkest possible parts of the distribution.
For example, in the figure above, the regression algorithm would choose a line something like the one on the left rather than the one on the right for the blue data points. You can think of this as adjusting two parameters – the slope of the line and its -intercept – until the probability value is maximized. This is kind of like tuning an old-fashioned analog radio: As you move the knob back and forth, the signal gets stronger and weaker and you stop when the signal is as strong as possible. You might also imagine printing the distribution onto a sheet of clear plastic, placing it over the data points and moving it around (translating and rotating) until you find the position where the points are in the darkest region possible.
In practice, the regression algorithm doesn’t actually try all the different parameter values because we can switch to a log scale (which turns multiplying the probabilities into adding the sum of the squared distances) and then apply some tricks from calculus to directly calculate the ideal line. If you’re interested in the details of this, there are plenty of good statistics books out there. Since I want to focus on the geometric intuition, I’m going to skip over it here.
There are two ways to generalize two-dimensional linear regression: We can change two-dimensional to higher dimensional and/or we can change the line to a more flexible shape. I’ll introduce more flexible shapes in the next post, so for now lets consider higher dimensional linear regression.
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Vaccines and also drugs like Ritalin (Concerta, Strattera) are all designed to cause a partial lobotomy.
This sounds like a improved partial lobotomy, with a chronical disease guarantee (cancer, multiple
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Vaccines and also drugs like Ritalin (Concerta, Strattera) are all designed to cause a partial lobotomy.
This sounds like a improved partial lobotomy, with a chronical disease guarantee (cancer, multiple sclerosis etc..).
No more stress, but you are brain-dead.
What could possibly go wrong?
(CBS) Stressed out? There’s no app for that, but soon enough there might be a vaccine.
Dr Robert Sapolsky, a neuroscience professor at Stanford, says after 30 years of studying stress, his team might be on the verge of a novel cure.
“To be honest, I’m still amazed that it works,” Sapolsky told Wired in an August profile.
Sapolsky has long theorized that, unlike some animals, humans are unable to turn off stress chemicals used for the fight-or-flight mechanism. A class of hormone called glucocorticoids are one of the chief offenders, according to Sapolsky.
So his team has pioneered a way to bootstrap a “herpes virus to carry engineered ‘neuroprotective’ genes deep into the brain to neutralize the rogue hormones before they can cause damage,” according to the Daily Mail.
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Not by bread alone... forests and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa
Kaimowitz, D. 2003. Not by bread alone... forests and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. EFI Proceedings No.47. In: O
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Not by bread alone... forests and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa
Kaimowitz, D. 2003. Not by bread alone... forests and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa. EFI Proceedings No.47. In: Oksanen, T, Pajari, B., Tuomasjukka, T. (eds.). Forests in poverty reduction strategies: capturing the potential. :45-64 [online]
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In parts of California, almond growers have recently become concerned about Ganoderma root and butt rot. To put this concern in context, it becomes necessary to understand wood decay fungi in general and how wood decay affects orchards.
Wood decay fungi are
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In parts of California, almond growers have recently become concerned about Ganoderma root and butt rot. To put this concern in context, it becomes necessary to understand wood decay fungi in general and how wood decay affects orchards.
Wood decay fungi are present wherever there are trees and may be recognized by mushrooms and conks (shelf mushroom). They form on trees, downed logs, and other woody debris. Most species of wood decay fungi are non-aggressive and opportunistically colonize and decay dead wood. These species pose little threat to the overall productivity and longevity of almond orchards.
However, some species of wood decay fungi can be extremely damaging to orchard crops. These fall into three general categories based on the type of damage they cause and the portion of the tree they infect: Armillaria root rot, heart rots, and butt rots.
A Look at Root and Heart Rot
Root rot caused by Armillaria mellea, also known as oak root fungus, survives on dead wood in the soil. The pathogen spreads from tree to tree when healthy roots come into contact with infected roots or other dead wood, resulting in characteristic disease centers. Armillaria initially infects the cambium (just under the bark) of the tree first, eventually girdling the tree at the crown. The pathogen will then continue to decay the wood of the roots. Armillaria is the most studied of the orchard wood decay fungi, and additional information and management strategies can be found at the University of California IPM website.
The other types of wood decay fungi found in orchards infect, colonize, and decay the heartwood and sapwood of living trees, reducing the wood’s structural integrity. Heart rot is generally limited to above-ground portions of the tree. In almonds, Phellinus spp. are the most common type of heart rot fungi, but there are a number of other species that cause similar symptoms.
Infection is generally initiated by spores at pruning or other types of wounds. Wood decay is often accompanied by a spore-producing fruiting structure (conk) in the scaffold or on the trunk. Extensive decay eventually results in limb breakage. This can be especially problematic when decay occurs at a primary scaffold or near the crotch of the tree. Because of limited pruning in almonds, heart rot-associated limb breakage is less prevalent than in other stone fruits.
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Earth's geomagnetic field wraps the planet in a protective layer of energy, shielding us from solar winds and high-energy particles from space. But it's also poorly understood, subject to weird reversals, polar wandering, and rapidly changing intensities.
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Earth's geomagnetic field wraps the planet in a protective layer of energy, shielding us from solar winds and high-energy particles from space. But it's also poorly understood, subject to weird reversals, polar wandering, and rapidly changing intensities. Now a chance discovery from an archaeological dig near Jerusalem has given scientists a glimpse of how intense the magnetic field can get—and the news isn't good for a world that depends on electrical grids and high-tech devices.
In a recent paper for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an interdisciplinary group of archaeologists and geoscientists reported their discovery. They wanted to analyze how the planet's geomagnetic field changes during relatively short periods, and they turned to archaeology for a simple reason. Ancient peoples worked a lot with ceramics, which means heating clay to the point where the iron oxide particles in the dirt can float freely, aligning themselves with the Earth's current magnetic field.
A handful of pottery shards in the ruins of Judah gave them the perfect guide to the history of the Earth's magnetic field. During the 1st millennium BCE, the kingdom of Judah was a bustling urban civilization, full of markets, bureaucrats, and scholars. They used an ancient lunar calendar system, and chroniclers noted the years of each new political regime as well as other significant social changes. At Tel Socoh, in Judah, there was a small industry devoted to the production of storage jars, and the artisans there carefully stamped the ruling monarch's symbols into each jar's handle. When archaeologists compare historical records with these symbols, it's relatively straightforward to get an exact date for a jar's manufacture. Luckily for geoscientists in the 21st century, jar handles tend to survive longer than other bits of pottery.
By analyzing the orientations of the metals in a set of these jar handles with dates from 750 to 150 BCE, the scientists were able to see traces of the geomagnetic field's behavior. What they found was startling. Sometime late in the 8th century BCE, there was a rapid fluctuation in the field's intensity over a period of about 30 years—first the intensity increased to over 20 percent of baseline, then plunged to 27 percent under baseline. Though the overall trend at that time was a gradual decline in the fields' intensity similar to what we see today, this spike was basically off the charts.
Writing in The New Yorker, Lawrence University geologist Marcia Bjornerud points out that this geomagnetic spike is far bigger than anything geoscientists had believed possible. "Both the height and the sharpness of the spike they recount push up against t
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Erosion and Sediment control program
One of the responsibilities of government is the protection of our streams and rivers to assure for the continued long term use by and for the benefit of the public. A major source of pollutants to these water resources
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Erosion and Sediment control program
One of the responsibilities of government is the protection of our streams and rivers to assure for the continued long term use by and for the benefit of the public. A major source of pollutants to these water resources is the sediment created as a result from man’s activities. The State has developed rules and regulations, Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 102, to minimize the impacts from earthmoving activities while allowing for continued development and use of the land. These regulations are commonly referred to as erosion and sediment pollution control (E&S) regulations and are implemented by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).
The Columbia County Conservation District, through a signed delegation agreement with DEP, acts as a local contact to assist in the administration of these regulations. The activities conducted by the Conservation District include the review and approval of E&S control plans for earthmoving sites, inspections of sites with active earthmoving to assure the plans are properly implemented, and responding to complaints about erosion accelerated by human activities.
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Abstract Public health professionals face tough ethical questions in our daily practice and need guidance on how to handle the ethical contours of our complex profession. Public health is a multidisciplinary field with professionals from epidemiology to education, medicine to microbiology, engineering
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Abstract Public health professionals face tough ethical questions in our daily practice and need guidance on how to handle the ethical contours of our complex profession. Public health is a multidisciplinary field with professionals from epidemiology to education, medicine to microbiology, engineering to environmental sciences, veterinary medicine to virology, and many more. Public health professionals work in a variety of settings — public and private, state and local, national and international. We are professionals committed to social justice and health equity who bring our varied discipline-specific skills to bear
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This video about Hitler’s genocides says about itself:
Story of the Roma and Sinti in the Holocaust.
American History Seminar Project.
By Sybille Fuchs in Germany:
Roma in Germany forced into abject poverty
14
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This video about Hitler’s genocides says about itself:
Story of the Roma and Sinti in the Holocaust.
American History Seminar Project.
By Sybille Fuchs in Germany:
Roma in Germany forced into abject poverty
14 February 2013
A recent report aired by the German public broadcaster ARD provided a shocking exposure of the contempt shown by local authorities and church institutions in the city of Dortmund for impoverished workers from southeastern Europe.
The extreme poverty in the countries from which these workers have emigrated—above all, Bulgaria and Romania—has been deliberately exacerbated by the policies of the European Union (EU). This, in turn, has acted as a mechanism to drive living standards down sharply in countries such as France and Germany.
In the ARD report, television journalists Isabel Schayani and Esat Mogul accompanied Ercan, a Roma worker from Plovdiv in Bulgaria, who had spent a week fruitlessly looking for a low-paying job in the north of Dortmund, the city’s poorest area.
Immigrants from Bulgaria and Romania can legally live in Germany, since both countries joined the EU in 2007, but they are refused the right to work legally. Nonetheless, in 2011 200,000 such workers came to Germany to attempt to earn money mostly as day labourers.
Thousands have come to Dortmund. They stand on the street every morning and hope that a passing driver will offer them work.
Many have no permanent place to live and are forced into so-called “Ekelhäuser” (horror houses). These houses are either already occupied, meaning that the workers can be evicted at any time, or the latter must pay the owner for a single mattress on which to sleep each night. Washing facilities and kitchen appliances are often broken or completely inadequate for the number of people staying in the houses.
The overcrowding leads quickly to a build-up of rubbish and unhygienic conditions, as well as social tensions. The owners do not provide enough rubbish bins for the large number of occupants. In one house, where 19 people were living, there was no water and only one toilet.
Ercan worked for a firm for 22 years in Bulgaria as a packer, but like many Roma workers he lost his job.
Since coming to Dortmund a week earlier, Ercan had had no money to phone his wife. When he arrived in the German city, he found a place to sleep and was told by a Romanian, who said he was the head of the house, that he could stay there for four or five days. But when Ercan returned that evening he found the windows and doors boarded up. Having left his belongings inside, he found himself with only the clothes on his back.
Because of the freezing temperatures, Ercan needed to find somewhere to shower and warm up as soon as possible. The television reporters accompanied him to a charity run by the local evangelical church. He was turned away from there by a man with a note that read, “Bulgarians are not allowed to shower here”.
“They know this full well”, said the man. “but they always come back. And I have to show them this note again. Can they not read it? It is in their language. So, no showering!”
Reporter: No showering. So Bulgarians and Romanians cannot shower here, but anyone else can?
The reporters were told by someone from the social welfare charity for Dortmund and Lünen that they offered emergency help for those who required it. But in the provision of showers they were “very poorly equipped”.
People were simply sent on from there to the immigration centre, where they had a public clinic at 1pm. After a reporter asked if that meant Ercan could not shower, the following dialogue took place.
Man: He certainly can’t shower.
Reporter: Why not? Who is allowed to shower in there?
Man: Only Germans; no immigrants.
Ercan finds a place where he can shower, but only three times a week. He has similar problems with where to sleep. He tries to gain emergency accommodation from the welfare services for men, but he is also unwelcome there.
Man: Bulgarian or Romanian?
Ercan: I’m Bulgarian.
Man: Oh, no sleeping here. Only people from Dortmund. Only Germans.
Man: This is only for Germans. Not for Bulgarians or Romanians. That is unfortunately how it works. We’re not allowed to do that.
Reporter: Is there a reason for that?
Man: That is unfortunately how it works. Social services and the city authorities have said so.
The only thing the man from welfare services can offer Ercan is that if he returns at 11:30 pm, “My colleague and I will decide if we will let you sleep here. But this time will only be an exception, because it is so cold. Ok? I can’t do anything more”.
Ercan spends the night in an Internet café, before travelling back to Bulgaria in the morning. The re
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Open Access This article is
- freely available
Sensors 2008, 8(1), 582-593; doi:10.3390/s8010582
Full Research Paper
Using Monoclonal Antibody to
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Open Access This article is
- freely available
Sensors 2008, 8(1), 582-593; doi:10.3390/s8010582
Full Research Paper
Using Monoclonal Antibody to Determine Lead Ions with a Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Fiber-optic Biosensor
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel: 886-5-272044 ext 33405
Received: 4 October 2007 / Accepted: 24 January 2008 / Published: 25 January 2008
A novel reflection-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) fiberoptic probe has been developed to determine the heavy metal lead ion concentration. Monoclonal antibody as the detecting probe containing massive amino groups to capture Pb(II)-chelate complexes was immobilized onto gold nanoparticle-modified optical fiber (NMAuOF). The optimal immobilizing conditions of monoclonal antibody on to the NMAuOF are 189 μg/mL in pH7.4 PBS for 2 h at 25°C. The absorbability of the functionalized NMAuOF sensor increases to 12.2 % upon changing the Pb(II)-EDTA level from 10 to 100 ppb with a detection limit of 0.27 ppb. The sensor retains 92.7 % of its original activity and gives reproducible results after storage in 5% D-(+)-Trehalose dehydrate solution at 4°C for 35 days. In conclusion, the monoclonal antibody-functionalized NMAuOF sensor shows a promising result for determining the concentration of Pb(II) with high sensitivity.
Keywords:localized surface plasmon resonance; biosensor; gold nanoparticle; monoclonal antibody; lead-chelate complex
Lead is one of the most widely used heavy metals and has a large number of industrial applications, including battery manufacture, paint, gasoline, alloys, radiation shielding, tank lining and piping. Among these, lead in paint and gasoline together accounts for most of the lead now in the environment and leads to serious pollution and human health problems. Elevated levels of lead can be harmful if levels are built up in the body. Over the past several decades, it is found that lead is toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can affect the gut and central nervous system, and can cause anemia [1,2]. Besides, lead overexposure can also cause birth defects, mental retardation, behavioral disorders, and death in fetuses and young children [3,4]. Hence, detection and quantization of lead contamination is an important issue with the increasing requirement of environmental concern and health safety.
Traditionally, the commonly used methods for determination of lead are atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) [6,7]. These methods are sensitive and allow discrimination among different metal ions but require a tedious sample pretreatment and sophisticated instrument. Therefore, it is essential to develop a rapid and sensitive screening method to ascertain the presence of lead for in situ environmental monitoring. In the past, a lot of efforts have been devoted to develop rather inexpensive biosensors by using enzyme, peptide, protein, or antibody as recognition elements for the detection of heavy metals [8-12]. Theses recognition elements may be immobilized on a suitable surface or supporter, and its binding or inhibition can be measured by different detection techniques such as ion-sensitive field effect transistors, potentiometric and piezoelectric devices, amperometric electrodes, and optical-based biosensors. Among the recognition elements, monoclonal antibody provides a unique opportunity for distinguishing different metals and a basis for rapid and sensitive immunoassays [13-15]. To increase association with monoclonal antibody, small metal ions were initially conjugated with chelators to form a metal-chelate complex. The metal-chelate complexes represent a distinct class of hapten ligands which was recognized by specific amino acid residues in the antibody's binding-sites to comprise a special subset of metal-binding protein [16,17]. Therefore, the specific binding characteristics of monoclonal antibody will be employed to our new design of biosensor for lead detection.
A novel fiber-based biosensor with extraordinary optic p
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If a leader has a hard time connecting with his team he or she may need a lesson in social intelligence. Is it possible to achieve a “brain connectedness” with someone–to feel what they are feeling? And why is that important?
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If a leader has a hard time connecting with his team he or she may need a lesson in social intelligence. Is it possible to achieve a “brain connectedness” with someone–to feel what they are feeling? And why is that important?
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As I mentioned in a previous post, JimJim and I visited the Weber Basin’s Water Conservation Learning Garden on an open day and received some free ladybirds (ladybugs) to release into the garden.
Ladybirds (ladybugs) and their
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As I mentioned in a previous post, JimJim and I visited the Weber Basin’s Water Conservation Learning Garden on an open day and received some free ladybirds (ladybugs) to release into the garden.
Ladybirds (ladybugs) and their larvae are fantastic predators on the aphid menace plaguing gardeners and will happily devour the aphids they stumble across.
The best time to release ladybirds is in the early evening after it has rained preferably. If it has not rained, water the area where you intend to release the ladybirds; this is because they require water when they are first released.
Release them in an area where there is food (aphids) available to reduce the chances of them flying off in search of food. A good source of nectar and pollen is also needed to encourage the ladybirds to mate, lay eggs and mature in the area.
Some people mix up a sugar solution of half water-half sugary soda and spray the ladybirds in their container. This solution crystallizes on the shell and glues the wings shut for a few days or until it rains, thereby keeping the ladybirds in the area for longer.
We didn’t go for the glued-wing thing and simply opened up the bag and released the ladybirds into each garden after a storm had passed through. Off they went on their merry way to find food in the garden or elsewhere in the neighborhood.
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It takes less than 12 hours to have operating rooms up and running in a disaster zone once the Canadian Red Cross deploys its state-of-the-art portable hospital.
The heavy-duty inflatable tents can be erected in little as 20 minutes, says
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It takes less than 12 hours to have operating rooms up and running in a disaster zone once the Canadian Red Cross deploys its state-of-the-art portable hospital.
The heavy-duty inflatable tents can be erected in little as 20 minutes, says Hossam Elsharkawi, the agency’s director of emergencies and recovery. The doctors, nurses, lab technicians, administrators and information technology experts take it from there – setting up ultrasound monitors, water purification systems, refrigeration for the vaccines, x-ray machines, sterilization equipment, surgical tools, recovery rooms and nursing stations.
To power these pop-up hospitals, especially in remote areas where there is not always enough diesel fuel to keep the generators going 24/7, Mr. Elsharkawi is now field-testing solar power.
Solar energy is already being used as the primary energy source in a growing number of fixed medical facilities in impoverished Haiti and Africa, supported by donations from such non-profit organizations as the Clinton Foundation and the Washington, D.C.-based Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF).
“It’s not quite there yet, from our perspective, in terms of 100 per cent reliability, robustness and withstanding the various conditions in the field that we face. But clearly we’re getting there. Solar power is very much on our agenda,” said Mr. Elsharkawi, who is always on the lookout for innovations that will improve the practice of medicine in developing countries.
“The modern field hospital is the cutting edge of emergency disaster response, and it’s constantly evolving,” he said.
The rebuilding of Haiti after the devastating earthquake in 2010 underscored the importance of having reliable renewable energy sources, particularly in hospitals “where doctors operating or women in labour can’t have the lights going out when a generator breaks down or runs out of fuel,” Solar Electric Light Fund says in a case study on its recent installation of a solar power system at the hospital in Thomonde, Haiti.
The system – made up of solar panels to harness energy and deep-cycle batteries for storage – provides electricity for the hospital’s lighting, lab equipment, refrigerators, computers and satellite communications systems around the clock, SELF executive director Bob Freling explained
The Thomonde hospital, operated by the international medical organization Partners In Health, had previo
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Saint Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square is a massive plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica.
Saint Peter's Square is located directly in front of Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave
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Saint Peter's Square
St. Peter's Square is a massive plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica.
Saint Peter's Square is located directly in front of Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave within Rome. The present arrangement, constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the Baroque inspiration of Bernini who inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian obelisk of the 13th century BC, which was centrally placed, (with some contrivance) to Maderno's facade.The obelisk, known as "The Witness", at 25.5 metres (84 ft) and a total height, including base and the cross on top, of 40 metres (130 ft), is the second largest standing obelisk, and the only one to remain standing since its removal from Egypt and re-erection at the Circus of Nero in 37 AD, where it is thought to have stood witness to the crucifixion of Saint Peter. Its removal to its present location by order of Pope Sixtus V and engineered by Domenico Fontana on September 28, 1586, was an operation fraught with difficulties and nearly ending in disaster when the ropes holding the obelisk began to smoke from the friction. Fortunately this problem was noticed by a sailor, and for his swift intervention, his village was granted the privilege of providing the palms that are used at the basilica each Palm Sunday.
The other object in the old square with which Bernini had to contend was a large fountain designed by Maderno in 1613 and set to one side of the obelisk, making a line parallel with the fasade. Bernini's plan uses this horizontal axis as a major feature of his unique, spatially dynamic and highly symbolic design. The most obvious solutions were either a rectangular piazza of vast proportions so that the obelisk stood centrally and the fountain (and a matching companion) could be included, or a trapezoid piazza which fanned out from the facade of the basilica like that in front of the Palazzo Publicco in Siena. The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican City, and would minimise the effect of the facade. The trapezoid plan, on the other hand, would maximise the apparent width of the facade, which was already perceived as a fault of the design.
Bernini's ingenious solution was to create a piazza in two sections. That part which is nearest the basilica is trapezoid, but rather than fanning out from the facade, it narrows. This gives the effect of countering the visual perspective. It means that from the second part of the piazza, the building looks nearer than it is, the breadth of the facade is minimised and its height appears greater in proportion to its width. The second section of the piazza is a huge elliptical circus which gently slopes downwards to the obelisk at its centre. The two distinct areas are framed by a colonnade formed by doubled pairs of columns supporting an entabulature of the simple Tuscan Order.
The part of the colonnade that is around the ellipse does not entirely encircle it, but reaches out in two arcs, symbolic of the arms of "the Roman Catholic Church reaching out to welcome its communicants". The obelisk and Maderno's fountain mark the widest axis of the ellipse. Bernini balanced the scheme with another fountain in 1675. The approach to the Saint Peter's Square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade. Nowadays a long wide street, the Via della Conciliazione, built by Mussolini after the conclusion of the Lateran Treaties, leads from the River Tiber to the piazza and gives distant views of Saint Peter's Basilica as the visitor approaches.
Bernini's transformation of the site is entirely Baroque in concept. Where Bramante and Michelangelo conceived a building that stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment". Banister Fletcher says "No other city has afforded such a wide-swept approach to its cathedral church, no other architect could have conceived a design of greater nobility...(it is) the greatest of all atriums before the greatest of all churches of Christendom.
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Teaching Emotions To Children
We get a lot of books to review. As most of our readers know, one half of CoupleDumb is a psychotherapist with almost 25 years of experience in marriage and family therapy and addiction counseling
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Teaching Emotions To Children
We get a lot of books to review. As most of our readers know, one half of CoupleDumb is a psychotherapist with almost 25 years of experience in marriage and family therapy and addiction counseling. What you may not know is that Lee is working on her doctorate in Psychology. When we received this book for review it seemed like it was perfect timing because Lee was just finishing up a literature review on emotional granularity. What is that you ask and why is it important and why would you talk about that on CoupleDumb? We are happy you asked!
“Happy, Sad, & Everything in Between: All about my feelings” by Sunny Im-Wang, Psy.D. is a great book for parents to teach their children about their emotions. We know what you are thinking. Why teach your kids something that comes naturally? No one had to teach you how to be sad or angry or happy, right? Actually, yes someone did teach you but they kind of dropped the ball. The reality is that the more you understand and know your emotions the better your life will be. Researchers have found that people with a high emotional granularity, which means you can specifically identify your feelings, tend to be happier and report more well-being. People with low granularity which means that they can pretty much tell you whether they are good or bad or something is pleasant or unpleasant, report a lower life satisfaction.
What this means to parents is simple. We can teach them eat right, brush their teeth and never wear white after Labor Day but we will fail them if we don’t teach them about joy and grief or silliness. This is where “Happy, Sad, & Everything in Between All about my feelings” comes in. It is a fun and simple way of teaching that emotional granularity. It also offers some great ideas of how to be happy which are based on real psychological research findings and not just some pithy saying.
This is a great gift for a new parent or even an old one. All we know is that this book makes us feel happy.
They sent us a book for review and there was no other compensation. All opinions are our own and that makes us feel just fine.
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This Item was Sold on 18 June 2011
Similar artifacts for sale are often found on the Aboriginal Boomerangs web page.
Historical Pricing information for this item and similar artifacts can be found at: Historical Artifact Prices.
This returning
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This Item was Sold on 18 June 2011
Similar artifacts for sale are often found on the Aboriginal Boomerangs web page.
Historical Pricing information for this item and similar artifacts can be found at: Historical Artifact Prices.
This returning style Australian Aboriginal boomerang was probably made in the 1960s or 1970s. It was made out of plywood and decorated with Aboriginal art on the upper surface using traditional ochre color
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The Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation released a report, Keeping America's Food Safe: A Blueprint for Fixing the Food Safety System at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which examines problems with the current
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The Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation released a report, Keeping America's Food Safe: A Blueprint for Fixing the Food Safety System at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, which examines problems with the current system and proposes ways to improve the food safety functions at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to better protect the nation's food supply.
The report calls for the immediate consolidation of food safety leadership within the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and ultimately the creation of a separate Food Safety Administration within HHS. Currently, no FDA official whose full-time job is food safety has line authority over all food safety functions.
"FDA certainly needs a modern food safety law and more resources, but to make good use of these tools, HHS needs a unified and elevated management structure for food safety that can implement a science- and risk-based food safety program dedicated to preventing foodborne illness," said Michael R. Taylor, JD, Research Professor of Health Policy at the School of Public Health at The George Washington University and Former Deputy Commissioner for Policy at FDA and Former Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. "Major organizational change requires careful planning and implementation and should not be rushed, but the time is ripe for building sustainable solutions to the problems in our nation's food safety system," he added.
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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles"
m (→Published Works)
(→United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927): 1927)
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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles"
m (→Published Works)
(→United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1927): 1927)
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*1926 The [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded as a group of a group of Catholics of the Latin and Eastern Churches, along with friends in other traditions, promoting awareness and friendship in the Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, and praying for the unity of the Churches of East and West.
*1926 The [http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.com/ Society of St. John Chrysostom] is founded as a group of a group of Catholics of the Latin and Eastern Churches, along with friends in other traditions, promoting awareness and friendship in the Christian West for Christians of the East, through prayer and liturgy, conferences and lectures, and praying for the unity of the Churches of East and West.
*1926 The Russian parish of the Dormition in London split into those who continued to support [[ROCOR]], and those who supported the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]].
*1926 The Russian parish of the Dormition in London split into those who continued to support [[ROCOR]], and those who supported the [[Church of Russia|Moscow Patriarchate]].
==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)==
==United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927-Present)==
Revision as of 06:15, February 27, 2010
The early Christian writers Tertullian and Origen mention the existence of a British church in the third century AD and in the fourth century British bishops attended a number of councils, such as the Council of Arles in 314 and the Council of Rimini in 359.
The first member of the British church whom we know by name is St Alban, who, tradition tells us, was martyred for his faith on the spot where St Albans Abbey now stands.
The British church was a missionary church with figures such as St Illtud, St Ninian and St Patrick evangelising in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, but the invasions by the pagan Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the fifth century seem to have destroyed the organisation of the church in much of what is now England. In 597 a mission sent by St Gregory the Dialogist and led by St Augustine of Canterbury landed in Kent to begin the work of converting these pagan peoples.
What eventually became known as the "Church of England"[note 1] was the result of a combination of three traditions, that of Augustine and his successors, the remnants of the old Romano-British traditions and the Celtic tradition coming down from Scotland and associated with people like St Aidan and St Cuthbert.
These three traditions came together as a result of increasing mutual contact and a number of local synods, of which the Synod of Whitby in 664 has traditionally been seen as the most important. The result was an English Church, led by the two Archbishops of Canterbury and York, that was fully assimilated into the mainstream Church. This meant that it was influenced by the wider development of the Christian tradition in matters such as theology, liturgy, church architecture, and the development of monasticism.
Regarding the British Isles, what is known about the state of the Church there at the time of the Great Schism is that subsequent to the Norman Invasion in 1066, church life was radically altered. Native clergy were replaced, liturgical reform enacted, and a strong emphasis on papal church control was propagated. As such, it is probably safe to say that, prior to 1066, the church of the British Isles was Orthodox, and the Normans brought the effects of the Great Schism to British soil. As such, it is probably proper to regard King Harold II as an Orthodox Christian.
It also meant that after King Haro
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Drug-resistant bacteria are a growing problem at hospitals across the country. The bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Clostridium difficile, are difficult to prevent and impossible to treat.
"The problem is expanding, and it's going up
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Drug-resistant bacteria are a growing problem at hospitals across the country. The bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Clostridium difficile, are difficult to prevent and impossible to treat.
"The problem is expanding, and it's going up and up and up," explains Dr. Trish Perl of Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. "We're running out of antibiotics to treat, and so the challenge is can we prevent?"
At Johns Hopkins, doctors have turned to a new technology to prevent the so-called superbugs: robots. The machines spray toxic doses of hydrogen peroxide into sealed hospital rooms, killing any bacteria.
Before the robots can be switched on, the rooms are made ready by a technician. Michael Duclos showed host Laura Sullivan, host of weekends on All Things Considered, how he prepares a room by closing off air vents and opening up drawers.
"We want to get the hydrogen peroxide on all the surfaces," he said.
The last step in the process is to tape the door to the room shut to keep the toxic hydrogen peroxide mist from getting out. For 30 minutes, the robots spray a colorless, odorless vapor. If a person walked in, he wouldn't be able to breath or open his eyes.
When the robots are done infecting, the room looks the same, but is clean and safe for patients. Since Johns Hopkins started using the machines, it has seen the number of untreatable infections fall by a stunning 64 percent.
Doctors there say they hope other hospitals will follow suit.
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The classroom of the future
Organisation: Camborne Community College
Location: Cornwall, England
A remote corner of England will soon start building a classroom of the future, designed to look like a Martian mining operation. Combining a futuristic architectural
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The classroom of the future
Organisation: Camborne Community College
Location: Cornwall, England
A remote corner of England will soon start building a classroom of the future, designed to look like a Martian mining operation. Combining a futuristic architectural design with the latest high-tech computing and communications technology, the aim is to create a space age setting for British school children.
Camborne is small town in Cornwall, in the extreme south-west of England, an area of social and economic deprivation. The area has a strong mining tradition, but most of the local industry has closed down in recent decades. Educationally, the area suffers from low achievement and aspirations amongst school students, and a tendency for young people to leave the region for work elsewhere in the UK. Camborne Community College (a school catering for 11-18 year olds) is part of an "Education Action Zone" (an area in receipt of additional government funding to assist with improving local education) called the Camborne Pool Redruth (CPR) Success Zone.
Following a call for proposals from the UK Dept. for Education and Skills (DfES), a bid was submitted to an architectural scheme to develop revolutionary new classroom designs. The sum of £624k will provide for the bulk of the building costs (estimated at £1million) but will not cover the internal fit-out of the space and astronomy content proposed for this facility. For these additional funds, we are seeking input from a range of sources, including the ESF funding for community-based projects, the UK science community (grants for public understanding of science are available from the Particle Physics & Astronomy Research Council, the Royal Society and several other charitable bodies) and industry.
The "Education through Space Centre" (ESC) will open in March 2003, and will bring together a high-tech, futuristic setting with the latest in computer and communications technology.
The classrooms will link with weather and communications satellites, NASA and ESA TV, and make use of robotics, video-conferencing and virtual reality. Direct links with the Faulkes robotic telescopes will ensure that the facility has a truly global, space age feel to it. Space science and astronomy will be integral to the centre’s educational programmes.
Design concepts for the "Education through Space Centre"
The building design is exciting and stimulating, with novel materials and futuristic themes to allow users to "suspend disbelief" during their lessons. It will contain two electronically linked classrooms; a heavily themed science lab based around robotic mining of Mars (complete with robots and physics, chemistry, biology and geology experiments) and a "Mars mission control centre" full of computers and communications technology. These mirror the Cornish mining tradition and current links with global communications through the Goonhilly Earth Station, the countries' largest satellite ground-station.
The design for the building envisages a structure based around the elements, with water, fire, earth and air featured in the construction and power sources. As with several proposed Mars habitats, the building will be powered by a combination of natural sources (solar, wind, geo-thermal), will feature hydroponics and recycling, and as with space missions, children will be closely monitoring all aspects of the building using sensors, cameras etc.
The ESC is a highly themed classroom, drawing on the mining tradition of the local region and blending this with the high-tech facility at Goonhilly Earth Station and the futuristic biomes at the Eden Project. To generate the futuristic theming, we have chosen to model the interior of the building on a Martian mining community in the year 2040.
Drawing on the experience of themed classrooms in the USA (e.g. Challenger Learning Centres and the NASA "Classroom of the Future" at Wheeling Jesuit University, Virginia), we have developed an exciting building which fits the DfES scheme of "a building which will confront the design of learning areas and challenge the use of such facilities by teachers and learners in a global context."
By taking our classroom theme from a near-future Martian community, we hope to encourage users to participate in the "global community" which, given the geographical isolation of Cornwall, is not readily apparent to local schoolchildren. As an area of social and economic deprivation (EU Objective 1 status), it is vital that we retain young people within the region. The ESC aims to show them that the historical roots of Cornwall (mining) can be combined with modern engineering and design (e.g. Eden Project, Goonhilly Earth Centre) to ensure that we ca be active participants in the future development of the UK and beyond.
The ESC is a regional project, s
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12/15/05: See the updated version of this
(since the Article 231 image is a top google result, Prof. Marcuse spruced up this page in 2005)
Signing of the Versailles Treaty
by Carlos
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12/15/05: See the updated version of this
(since the Article 231 image is a top google result, Prof. Marcuse spruced up this page in 2005)
Signing of the Versailles Treaty
by Carlos Magana (authors page), Dec. 2003
World War I ended in 1919 with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors. Symbolically, it was the same place where Otto von Bismarck had celebrated the French defeat in 1871 by proclaiming a German Empire, after the Franco-Prussian war that finalized the unification of the German state and signaled the rise of Germany’s military power. The treaty was finalized by the victors in late April and handed to the German representatives on May seventh. The German populace believed that the treaty was unfair. The Germans tried to have changes done to the treaty, but their efforts were futile. The allies threatened with the continuation of hostilities and the starvation blockade unless the Germans signed: "…in 1919…not only refused to accept the German reservations, but gave twenty-four hours within which to sign without conditions, in default of which the troops would march" (Dawson, 82). German’s military commanders, fully aware that the German military could not form any strong defense, advocated the signing of the treaty. The treaty was signed by Germany on June, 28, 1919.
There was immediate condemnation of the Versailles Treaty by the German populace. The German state was not expecting to lose the War. When the dust settled and the harsh reality of defeat was made clear, the German people were dumbfounded. It was a military defeat, but also a psychological defeat for the German state. "…the German people were expecting victory and not defeat. It was the acknowledgement of defeat, as much as the treaty terms themselves, which they found so hard to accept" (Henig, 27). The terms which caused the most resentment in Germany were the loss of territory, the war guilt placed solely on Germany, the deliberate effacement of the German military and the demands of reparations.
German Loss of Territory
The loss of territory meant an effacement of the German empire that Otto von Bismarck had established under the Prussian Monarchy. The reality of defeat and the fragmentation of the German empire were humiliating to the Germans. Germany lost 13.5 % of its territory under the terms of the treaty. Close to seven million German citizens were placed under the jurisdiction of a foreign nation:
Map of Europe in 1920, from book
France: France took Alsace and Lorraine and the German coal mines in the Saar Region for fifteen years. The Saar region was a highly industrialized region.
Poland: the state of Poland was recreated. Poland took most of West Prussia and much of the Posen province. Upper Silesia was ceded to Poland, but later returned to Germany under a plebiscite. The Polish Corridor was made of land that belonged to Germany before WWI.
Belgium: Small areas of Eupen, Malmèdy, Moresńet, St. Vith
Denmark: Northern Schelswig was ceded to Denmark under article 27 of treaty.
Czechoslovakia: border area near Troppau (present day Opava)
The League of Nations took control of the free city of Danzig and the allies took control of the Rhineland for fifteen years. The Rhineland was demilitarized under article 180 of the Versailles Treaty. It was considered the industrial heart of Germany and the source of its military power. Germany also lost its colonies and large merchant vessels.
War Guilt Clause
At the conclusion of the war, Germany was demonized due to the destruction that WWI had caused. All people affected by the war wanted Germany to be punished. It is erroneous to place the full burden of the war on Germany, "Belief in the unique guilt of the Kaiser for the horrors of the World War was unanimous" (Birdsall, 4). The politicians wanted Germany to accept moral responsibility for the war and all the consequences thereof, after realizing that Germany would not be able to pay reparations as high as 33 million. The politicians arrogantly believed they could appease their states by forcing the Germans to admit to a moral responsibility, since it became clear that Germany would not be able to pay high reparations. The accord was reached on April 7, 1919 and adopted as article 231 of the Versailles Treaty:
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the damage to which the allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies" (Birdsall, 254).
The political consequence of Article 231 was far reaching. Article 231 was termed the ‘War Guilt Clause.’ "This clause, more than any other in the entire Treaty of Versailles, was to cause lasting resentment in Germany…" (Henig, 19). The guilt clause resulted in German humiliation and rage. Most sectors of German society did not understand why all the blame was placed on the German state.
Dismemberment of German Military Force
The Allied f
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Religion is something that has existed for thousands of years. It is part of many people’s ideologies, and is something that humans have associated themselves with for a variety of reasons. It also affects people in many different ways. For some, it
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Religion is something that has existed for thousands of years. It is part of many people’s ideologies, and is something that humans have associated themselves with for a variety of reasons. It also affects people in many different ways. For some, it is a way of life, while for others it may be on the back burner for most of their lives. Some people dedicate their lives to it, while some ultimately give these beliefs up. The idea of religion is a fascinating concept that has shaped the line that humanity has headed in. One of many periods during which religion played a major role was during the mid-17th century, leading up to the events of the American Revolution. Religion is an extremely powerful thing, and has/continued to be a major part of human life.
One of the main reasons as to why people came to the New World in the 1600s was to escape religious persecution. English separatists, who later became known as Pilgrims, had wanted to leave England after the creation of the 1559 Act of Uniformity, which made it illegal to reject the Church of England. The rejection of these ideas by groups such as the Pilgrims is arguably one of the most crucial events in history, because without it, what later became the United States would never have had its population. The emigration of people like the Pilgrims from England to the New World also resulted in a lot of interaction with the Native peoples of the New World. This interaction was also very important, as plenty of the suffering that the Native American population would go through, would be at the hands of the descendants of these immigrants. Granted, there were people who came for other reasons as well, but a large majority came to be able to practice freely. However, religion also played a major role in the years to come, especially in the years leading to and during the Revolution.
In the later years of the 17th century leading into the 18th century, different religions were practiced in the different parts of th
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The round, often pointed leaves of the basil plant looks a lot like peppermint to which it is related. Its highly fragrant leaves are used as a seasoning herb for a variety of foods but has become ever popular as the main ingredient in pest
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The round, often pointed leaves of the basil plant looks a lot like peppermint to which it is related. Its highly fragrant leaves are used as a seasoning herb for a variety of foods but has become ever popular as the main ingredient in pesto, the mixture of basil, pine nuts and parmesan cheese.
Research studies on basil have shown unique health-protecting effects in two basic areas: basil's flavonoids and volatile oils.
The unique array of active constituents called flavonoids found in basil provide protection at the cellular level. Orientin and vicenin are two water-soluble flavonoids that have been of particular interest in basil, and in studies on human white blood cells; these components of basil protect cell structures as well as chromosomes from radiation and oxygen-based damage.
In addition, basil has been shown to provide protection against unwanted bacterial growth. These anti-bacterial properties of basil are not associated with its unique flavonoids, but instead with its volatile oils, which contain estragole, linalool, cineole, eugenol, sabinene, myrcene, and limonene. Lab studies show the effectiveness of basil in restricting growth of numerous bacteria, including : Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O:157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The eugenol component of basil's volatile oils has been the subject of extensive study, since this substance can block the activity of an enzyme in the body called cyclooxygenase (COX). Many non-steriodal over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS), including aspirin and ibuprofen, as well as the commonly used medicine acetaminophen, work by inhibiting this same enzyme. (In the case of acetaminophen, this effect is somewhat controversial, and probably occurs to a much lesser degree than is the case with aspirin and ibuprofen). This enzyme-inhibiting effect of the eugenol in basil qualifies basil as an "anti-inflammatory" food that can provide important healing benefits along with symptomatic relief for individuals with inflammatory health pro
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Amazing Session!Very interesting paper and presentations. Blow are some basic information.
#1 Speed planning for solar-powered electric vehicles
Why solar-powered vehicles?
- 1, Charging time of PEV may be long; Green energy;
- 2
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Amazing Session!Very interesting paper and presentations. Blow are some basic information.
#1 Speed planning for solar-powered electric vehicles
Why solar-powered vehicles?
- 1, Charging time of PEV may be long; Green energy;
- 2, 22% efficiency of nowadays solar panel, and increasing
- 3, price of solar energy is reducing
- Ford C-Max solar energy Concept demoed at CES 2014
However, shading reduces the collected solar power.
Objective: speed planning of solar EVs: ensure enough energy to reach the destination as soon as possible
Q: all the information on road is known previously? or you assume there is certain distribution? Yes, here this information is know pre-hand.
Q any particular battery charge/discharge module? Yes, a battery is on the car.
Q: where you get the driving range of these EVs? published.
Q: how big is your battery? 4kWh. Fixed size.
Some random thoughts:
1, The problem formulation: ensure E>0 at the end of each road segment is enough? should it be always >0??
2, What are the shaded and illuminated environments on the experimental paths? how to classify shaded and illuminated in practice?
3-Step approach: get GPS readings; trip segmentation; and battery consumption estimation
The consumption estimation is simply the historic average in the first and simplest model, and, it achieves reasonably well accuracy.
Incorporating more factors in the model actually degrades the accuracy.
Q: why those particular parameters in the 2nd model? Actually, the authors have tried much more.
Different driving modes (e.g., EV or on fuel) have different energy efficiency. Help drivers to plan the optimal driving modes to save the fuel consumption.
An App on phones, to be connected to the ODB port of the car.
Also incorporated routing planning into the design.
Now comes the best paper candidate!
Heavy consumption (18% of total) of heavy-duty trucks (only 4% in number of vehicles).
Reduce the consumption while ensure latency.
Nice problem formulation presented.
Compared with fastest and shortest approaches, showing significant improvement.
Q: whats the common way to travel? other choices besides shortest/quickest, etc? how they differ from your work?
Q: save 17% consumption? how much additional delay?
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and several other species of the curcuma genus grow wild in the forests of Southern Asia including India, Indonesia, Indochina, nearby Asian countries, and some Pacific Islands including Hawaii. All of
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and several other species of the curcuma genus grow wild in the forests of Southern Asia including India, Indonesia, Indochina, nearby Asian countries, and some Pacific Islands including Hawaii. All of these areas have traditional culinary and medicinal uses going back to pre-history.
In the Indian Ayurveda system of herbal medicine, turmeric is known as strengthening and warming to the whole body. Traditional uses in India include to improve digestion, to improve intestinal flora, to eliminate worms, to relieve gas, to cleanse and strengthen the liver and gallbladder, to normalize menstruation, for relief of arthritis and swelling, as a blood purifier, to warm and promote proper metabolism correcting both excesses and deficiencies, for local application on sprains, burns, cuts, bruises, insect bites and itches, for soothing action in cough and asthma, as antibacterial and anti-fungus, and in any condition of weakness or debility.
Turmeric is eaten as a food both raw and cooked throughout Asia. While turmeric root looks much like ginger root, it is less fibrous and is more chewable, crunchy, and succulent. The fresh root (not the powder) has a somewhat sweet and nutty flavour mixed with its bitter flavour. As a result, it is not unpleasant to eat and not difficult to chew. It is sometimes chewed plain or chopped up and put in salads raw. Traditional use includes mashing/grinding it in a mortar to make a paste to mix with other spices for flavouring in curries. In modern times, the most common use is of the dried root powder as the base of most curries in India and other nearby countries.
Another traditional use of turmeric is as a food colorant and dye for cloth – in both cases a cheaper alternative to saffron. It was and is used in religious ceremonies and offerings – often representing life, purity, and prosperity.
Daniel B. Mowrey tells the story: “Serious research on turmeric began in Germany, in the early 1920’s. Sesquisterpenes in the essential oil of turmeric were isolated in 1926 and to them was ascribed the therapeutic activity. Later, a team of scientists compared the effects of whole extract, the essential oil, and the water-soluble extract. … In 1936, … curcumin was compared to whole extract and several isolated constituents.
The results of the experiment show that turmeric acts in the following ways:
• Turmeric stimulates the flow of bile; several constituents have this property.
• The increased flow of bile depend in part on the contraction of the gallbladder and in part on the increase in bile secretion;
• The stimulation of bile depends mostly on the presence of essential oil;
• The flavonoids cause the contraction of the gallbladder and thereby increase the effective emptying of this organ.”
“While studies were being pursued in European, primarily German laboratories, Asian researchers were independently validating the same properties of turmeric. But their interest extended to the liver protective and curative principles of turmeric and in a series of brilliant papers they reported important findings in that area. 2
… So far what has clearly been demonstrated is that turmeric possesses anti-hepatotoxic activity on the order possessed by other liver-protective herbs such as milk thistle and liquorice. … Other research has helped establish the effects of turmeric on the blood. For example, as many of the common curry herbs do, curcumin prevents large fluctuations in blood cholesterol after meals. … The potent anti-inflammatory activity (in the essential oil and in curcumin) of turmeric has been substantiated in other research. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (such as liquorice root), curcumin appears to act through some sort of adrenal mechanism (when the adrenals are removed, turmeric has no effect).”
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A healthy and balanced diet is essential for a healthy and happy pet. Not only will it provide your pet with enough energy for his day to day activities, but it is also vital for proper brain function. An adequate diet is also particularly important for
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A healthy and balanced diet is essential for a healthy and happy pet. Not only will it provide your pet with enough energy for his day to day activities, but it is also vital for proper brain function. An adequate diet is also particularly important for animals in the early stages of their development.
One of the most important things to remember when it comes to feeding your pet is to feed them by ‘life-stage’. Different animals, and in particular cats and dogs, require different nutrition at different stages of their life. For example, puppies around 12 weeks of age will require around 3 meals a day and it is not until they reach around 6 months of age that this amount should be reduced. That said, your animal may prefer smaller and more frequent meals. They key to feeding your pet properly is understanding what works best for them.
A popular method of feeding is known as ‘free-feeding’. This is where a bowl of food is left out so that a pet can eat as much or as little and as frequently as they prefer. This works best for dry foods since they do not spoil as quickly as the wet variety. Some studies show that this method results in over-eating and subsequent pet obesity. However it may be the best option for you if you cannot stick to a feeding schedule.
Scheduled portioned feeding requires a strict routine that you need to be able to guarantee to stick to. Your pet will know when meal times are and ensure that they are ready for them, with cats coming indoors specifically at these times. This method limits the amount that your pet eats either b
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