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Optical afterglow of the γ-ray burst of 14 December 1997
The very recent detection of the faint host galaxy of one γ-ray burst and the determination of a cosmological redshift for another, demonstrates that these events are the most luminous phenomena in the Universe, emitting more energy in radiation than a supernova over just a few seconds. The source of this energy is still unknown, but may become clear through studies of the counterparts at longer wavelengths. Here we report the detection of an optical counterpart to a γ-ray burst (GRB971214) that occurred on 14 December 1997. It faded rapidly over a two-week period, just like the previous two optical transients, which dispels any doubt that the three events are the optical afterglows of γ-ray bursts. The 14 December optical transient is the faintest of the three, and also is much redder than the other two. This reddening probably arises because of scattering by interstellar dust along the line of sight, which is presumably present in the denser regions of the host galaxy, where stars form. This suggests that the burst's progenitor did not stray too far from the point of its birth, which, regardless of the nature of the source, appears to be in a region of dense gas.
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16.660366
0.571005
1998-05-01
45
1998Natur.393...41H
[ "more energy", "interstellar dust", "one γ-ray burst", "γ-ray bursts", "the faint host galaxy", "dense gas", "longer wavelengths", "radiation", "an optical counterpart", "sight" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1038/29935" ]
[ "Halpern, J. P.", "Thorstensen, J. R.", "Helfand, D. J.", "Costa, E." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...338L..87P", "1998A&A...339L..37O", "1998ApJ...502L.123G", "1998ApJ...508L..17D", "1998ApJ...509L...5O", "1998Natur.393...13W", "1998Natur.393...35K", "1998Natur.393...43R", "1999A&A...343..775K", "1999A&A...347...92S", "1999ASPC..190....3P", "1999ApJ...511L..85C", "1999ApJ...512L...1F", "1999ApJ...523..177W", "1999PPCF...41A.209O", "1999Sci...283.2069C", "1999astro.ph.10236P", "2000A&A...355..454D", "2000ARA&A..38..379V", "2000ApJ...530L...9A", "2000ApJ...532..267W", "2000ApJ...534..258H", "2000ApJ...536..778P", "2000ApJ...545..271K", "2000ApJ...545..664F", "2001A&A...377..450S", "2001ApJ...549L.209G", "2001ApJ...554..593B", "2001ChJAA...1..349M", "2001ESASP.459..441S", "2001astro.ph.10051P", "2001astro.ph.11558B", "2001sgrb.conf...85P", "2002ApJ...569..682S", "2002bhap.conf..333A", "2003ApJ...587..128M", "2003JOptB...5S.281D", "2004ApJ...608..846S", "2005ApJ...626..292A", "2006ApJ...641..993K", "2007ApJ...661..787S", "2009ApJ...690..163R", "2009grb..book.....V", "2010PhR...487....1R", "2014ApJ...785...84J" ]
[ "1979ARA&A..17...73S", "1979PASP...91..589B", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...395L..83N", "1996usno.conf.....M", "1997ApJ...476..232M", "1997ApJ...489L.127S", "1997BAAS...29.1303P", "1997IAUC.6584....1G", "1997IAUC.6588....1G", "1997IAUC.6597....1B", "1997IAUC.6615....1M", "1997IAUC.6787....1H", "1997IAUC.6788....1I", "1997IAUC.6791....1D", "1997IAUC.6792....1A", "1997IAUC.6793....1R", "1997IAUC.6796....3T", "1997MNRAS.288L..51W", "1997Natur.386..686V", "1997Natur.387..476S", "1997Natur.387..479G", "1997Natur.387..783C", "1997Natur.387..876D", "1997Natur.387..878M", "1998A&A...331L..41P", "1998ApJ...492L.103P", "1998ApJ...493L..67F", "1998ApJ...494L..45P", "1998ApJ...495L..99R", "1998ApJ...496..311P" ]
2065245
null
Detailed Photometric Study of the Merging Group of Galaxies HCG 95
Results from Hα + continuum and Johnson UBVI imaging for HCG 95 are presented in order to study the star formation history of the galaxies in the group. Based on the spatial distribution of the stellar populations, as well as the morphology of the three-galaxy system A-C1-C2, we propose two possible scenarios for the dynamical evolution of this system: In one of them, each of the nuclei C1 and C2 interacted with the elliptical galaxy at different times, and we are seeing both nuclei together as a projection effect. The other scenario suggests that both nuclei are involved in a merging process, with the resulting merger remnant interacting with the elliptical galaxy. The recent star formation of the system is strongly balanced toward the northern tidal tail and the nucleus C1. We note the presence of a candidate of a young dwarf galaxy which would have been created at the tip of one of the northern tidal tails. A very young population and no signs of an underlying population were detected for this object. Recent spectroscopic observations of the galaxy HCG 95 B yielded a value for its radial velocity of 8000 km s^-1, that is, more than 3000 km s^-1 less than the rest of galaxies in the group. This new result would imply that galaxy B is a foreground galaxy instead of being physically associated with the group HCG 95. This galaxy appears distorted probably as a result of the close passage of a dwarf satellite that has been detected in the broadband frames and in Hα.
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11.859585
7.348583
1998-05-01
11
1998AJ....115.1791I
[ "galaxies", "a young dwarf galaxy", "HCG", "that galaxy B", "the elliptical galaxy", "Results", "Recent spectroscopic observations", "Johnson UBVI", "a foreground galaxy", "different times" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC NUMBER: NGC 7609", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "GALAXIES: STARBURST" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300333" ]
[ "Iglesias-Páramo, J.", "Vílchez, J. M." ]
[ "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Via Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain" ]
[ "1998ApJS..117....1V", "1999ApJ...518...94I", "1999ApJ...522L..17W", "2000ASPC..209..154H", "2001ApJ...550..204I", "2005MNRAS.364.1069D", "2010AJ....139.1199M", "2013ApJ...765...93C", "2017ApJ...846...26S", "2022AcASn..63...30H", "2022ChA&A..46..391H" ]
[ "1956ErNW...29..344Z", "1977ApJ...217..928H", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1978ApJ...224..132B", "1982ApJ...255..382H", "1983ApJ...272...54K", "1984ARA&A..22...37G", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1986AJ.....92..557G", "1986ApJ...307..426M", "1987AJ.....93.1011K", "1987MNRAS.226..747J", "1989ApJ...341..679H", "1989ApJS...70..687H", "1989Natur.338..123B", "1991ApJ...383..524Z", "1991ApJS...76..153R", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...256L..19M", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...399..353H", "1993ApJ...407..448Z", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1993ApL&C..29....1H", "1993ApL....29....1H", "1994A&A...285..404M", "1994ApJ...427..684M", "1995A&A...297...56G", "1995AJ....109.1476P", "1995AJ....109.2362R", "1995ApJ...442...57H", "1995ApJ...444L..61O", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1996A&AS..117...39A", "1996A&AS..120..463M", "1996AJ....112.1903Y", "1996ApJ...462...50H", "1996MNRAS.283..690P", "1997ApJ...479..190I", "1997ApJ...489L..13I", "1997PhDT........19G" ]
11633347
astro-ph/9708072
The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers
We construct dynamical models for a sample of 36 nearby galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry and ground-based kinematics. The models assume that each galaxy is axisymmetric, with a two-integral distribution function, arbitrary inclination angle, a position-independent stellar mass-to-light ratio Upsilon, and a central massive dark object (MDO) of arbitrary mass M_•. They provide acceptable fits to 32 of the galaxies for some value of M_• and Upsilon the four galaxies that cannot be fitted have kinematically decoupled cores. The mass-to-light ratios inferred for the 32 well-fitted galaxies are consistent with the fundamental-plane correlation Upsilon ~ L^0.2, where L is galaxy luminosity. In all but six galaxies the models require at the 95% confidence level an MDO of mass M_• ~ 0.006M_bulge = 0.006UpsilonL. Five of the six galaxies consistent with M_• = 0 are also consistent with this correlation. The other (NGC 7332) has a much stronger upper limit on M_•. We predict the second-moment profiles that should be observed at HST resolution for the 32 galaxies that our models describe well. We consider various parameterizations for the probability distribution describing the correlation of the masses of these MDOs with other galaxy properties. One of the best models can be summarized thus: a fraction f ~= 0.97 of early-type galaxies have MDOs, whose masses are well described by a Gaussian distribution in log (M_•/M_bulge) of mean -2.28 and standard deviation ~0.51. There is also marginal evidence that M_• is distributed differently for ``core'' and ``power law'' galaxies, with core galaxies having a somewhat steeper dependence on M_bulge.
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11.154403
5.980707
1998-06-01
3,557
1998AJ....115.2285M
[ "core galaxies", "other galaxy properties", "arbitrary mass M_•.", "dynamical models", "arbitrary inclination angle", "mass", "HST resolution", "Upsilon", "early-type galaxies", "Hubble Space Telescope" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "Astrophysics" ]
75
[ "10.1086/300353", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9708072" ]
[ "Magorrian, John", "Tremaine, Scott", "Richstone, Douglas", "Bender, Ralf", "Bower, Gary", "Dressler, Alan", "Faber, S. M.", "Gebhardt, Karl", "Green, Richard", "Grillmair, Carl", "Kormendy, John", "Lauer, Tod" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
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11643582
astro-ph/9802233
The K-band luminosity function at z=1: a powerful constraint on galaxy formation theory
There are two major approaches to modelling galaxy evolution. The `traditional' view is that the most massive galaxies were assembled early and have evolved with steeply declining star formation rates since a redshift of 2 or higher. According to hierarchical theories, massive galaxies were assembled much more recently from mergers of smaller subunits. Here we present a simple observational test designed to differentiate between the two. The observed K-band flux from a galaxy is a good measure of its stellar mass even at high redshift. It is likely only weakly affected by dust extinction. We compute the evolution of the observed K-band luminosity function for traditional, pure luminosity evolution (PLE) models and for hierarchical models. At z=0, both models can fit the observed local K-band luminosity function. By redshift 1, they differ greatly in the predicted abundance of bright galaxies. We calculate the redshift distributions of K-band selected galaxies and compare these with available data. We show that the number of K<19 galaxies with redshifts greater than 1 is well below the numbers predicted by the PLE models. In the Songaila et al. (1994) sample of 118 galaxies with 16<K<18, 33 galaxies are predicted to lie at z>1. Only two are observed. In the Cowie et al. sample of 52 galaxies with 18<K<19, 28 galaxies are predicted to lie at z>1. Only five are observed. Both of these samples are more than 90 per cent complete. We conclude that there is already strong evidence that the abundance of massive galaxies at z~1 is far below the local value. This is inconsistent with the traditional model (unless most massive galaxies are extremely heavily obscured by dust at redshift 1), but similar to the expectations of hierarchical models.
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12.358493
6.14402
1998-06-01
262
1998MNRAS.297L..23K
[ "massive galaxies", "most massive galaxies", "galaxy evolution", "K<19 galaxies", "bright galaxies", "K-band selected galaxies", "high redshift", "hierarchical models", "redshift", "redshifts" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01708.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9802233" ]
[ "Kauffmann, Guinevere", "Charlot, Stephane" ]
[ "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany", "Institut d'Astrophysique du CNRS, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France" ]
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2642202
astro-ph/9801277
The K-band Hubble diagram for the brightest cluster galaxies: a test of hierarchical galaxy formation models
We analyse the K-band Hubble diagram for a sample of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the redshift range 0<z<1. In good agreement with earlier studies, we confirm that the scatter in the absolute magnitudes of the galaxies is small (0.3 mag). The BCGs exhibit very little luminosity evolution in this redshift range: if q_0=0.0, we detect no luminosity evolution; for q_0=0.5, we measure a small negative evolution (i.e., BCGs were about 0.5 mag fainter at z=1 than today). If the mass in stars of these galaxies had remained constant over this period of time, substantial positive luminosity evolution would be expected: BCGs should have been brighter in the past, since their stars were younger. A likely explanation for the observed zero or negative evolution is that the stellar mass of the BCGs has been assembled over time through merging and accretion, as expected in hierarchical models of galaxy formation. The colour evolution of the BCGs is consistent with that of an old stellar population (z_for>2) that is evolving passively. We can thus use evolutionary population synthesis models to estimate the rate of growth in stellar mass for these systems. We find that the stellar mass in a typical BCG has grown by a factor ~=2 since z~=1 if q_0=0.0, or by factor ~=4 if q_0=0.5. These results are in good agreement with the predictions of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation and evolution set in the context of a hierarchical scenario for structure formation. The models predict a scatter in the luminosities of the BCGs that is somewhat larger than the observed one, but that depends on the criterion used to select the model clusters.
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12.480191
5.532797
1998-06-01
114
1998MNRAS.297..427A
[ "substantial positive luminosity evolution", "brightest cluster galaxies", "stellar mass", "evolution", "BCGs", "galaxy formation", "hierarchical models", "evolutionary population synthesis models", "semi-analytic models", "good agreement" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01495.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801277" ]
[ "Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso", "Baugh, Carlton M.", "Kauffmann, Guinevere" ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30HA", "Department of Physics, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH13LE", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany" ]
[ "1998ApJ...501L...5B", "1999A&A...341..329P", "1999A&AS..135...83M", "1999AJ....117.1206K", "1999AJ....118..719D", "1999AJ....118.1506B", "1999ASPC..159..399K", "1999ASPC..193..348Y", "1999ApJ...516..591O", "1999ApJ...519...27C", "1999ApJ...521...81F", "1999MNRAS.303..188K", "1999mdrg.conf..265B", "2000AJ....120.2331T", "2000ASPC..195...13E", "2000AdSpR..25..617U", "2000ApJ...532L.105B", "2000MNRAS.316..786F", "2000MNRAS.317..249M", "2000MNRAS.319..807P", "2000PASJ...52...43Y", "2000fepc.conf..102F", "2001AJ....122.2267E", "2001ApJ...563..629N", "2001ApJS..137..117G", "2001MNRAS.322..625B", "2001MNRAS.327L..47F", "2001astro.ph.12540E", "2002A&A...388..732B", "2002ASPC..253..477E", "2002ASPC..268...47Z", "2002ASPC..268..311E", "2002ApJ...566..103N", "2002ApJ...567..144N", "2002ApJ...569L..11V", "2002ApJ...577L..89Y", "2002ApJ...579...93P", "2002ApJ...579..577G", "2002MNRAS.329L..53B", "2002MNRAS.337..981S", "2003Ap&SS.285...51C", "2003ApJ...585...90Z", "2003ApJ...587L..27P", "2003MNRAS.346....1K", "2003MNRAS.346..229B", "2003PASJ...55..891Z", "2003RvMP...75..559P", "2004A&A...424..107K", "2004A&A...427..397H", "2004A&A...428..339A", "2004ApJ...600L..11B", "2004ApJ...608..752B", "2004ApJ...617..879L", "2005A&A...440..831K", "2005A&A...444..365W", "2005ApJ...630...68Z", "2005ApJ...633..122H", "2006MNRAS.365...11C", "2006MNRAS.366..373L", "2006MNRAS.370..851P", "2007A&A...462..525H", "2007IAUS..241..537K", "2007MNRAS.375....2D", "2007MNRAS.379..867V", "2008A&A...482..419M", "2008A&A...483..727P", "2008MNRAS.384.1502S", "2008MNRAS.385L.103B", "2008MNRAS.387.1253W", "2008MNRAS.388.1537M", "2008MNRAS.391.1009L", "2008PhDT.......116F", "2009ApJ...699.1333H", "2009MNRAS.398..133L", "2010ApJ...718...23S", "2010MNRAS.405.2023N", "2010arXiv1006.2092D", "2011ASSP...27..149A", "2011ApJ...726...69A", "2011ApJ...734...68W", "2011MNRAS.414.1862D", "2011MNRAS.415.3013L", "2012ApJ...745..106L", "2012ApJ...753...44S", "2012MNRAS.425.2058B", "2012MNRAS.427..550L", "2012MNRAS.427.2047T", "2013A&A...550A..58V", "2013ApJ...766...38L", "2013MNRAS.434.2856B", "2013MNRAS.435.3469H", "2014ApJ...789..134B", "2014MNRAS.440..762O", "2014MNRAS.441.3083W", "2015MNRAS.448....2W", "2015MNRAS.451.2703C", "2016MNRAS.455.2804S", "2017MNRAS.467.4101G", "2017MNRAS.469.1259B", "2018ApJ...860....2G", "2018MNRAS.477.4711G", "2018MNRAS.478.4952F", "2018MNRAS.479.1125R", "2019A&A...621A..27F", "2019A&A...622A..78D", "2019MNRAS.487.3759C", "2020MNRAS.493.4607R", "2020MNRAS.498.2114H", "2021A&A...649A..42C", "2021MNRAS.505.3192R", "2021MNRAS.507.4016D", "2022ApJ...933...61H", "2023MNRAS.521..800M", "2023NewA..10001998S" ]
[ "1970ApJ...159..753P", "1972IAUS...44..314P", "1975ApJ...195..255G", "1976ApJ...205..688S", "1978ApJ...221..383K", "1980ApJ...241..493H", "1980IAUS...92..257L", "1980IAUS...92..269G", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982MNRAS.199.1053L", "1982MNRAS.201..933F", "1983ApJ...264..337S", "1983ApJ...268..476S", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1986A&A...164..260A", "1986ApJ...300..151L", "1986ApJ...306...30G", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1988ARA&A..26..561S", "1989ASIC..264...63L", "1989ApJ...340...77L", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1991ApJ...367...45C", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1991MNRAS.249..606C", "1991MNRAS.252...72W", "1992ApJ...400L..47L", "1992MNRAS.254..589B", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993MNRAS.262..764A", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1994ApJ...421...27A", "1994MNRAS.267..981K", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1995ApJ...439...47R", "1995ApJ...440...28P", "1995MNRAS.274..161K", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1996AJ....111...29O", "1996AJ....112...23L", "1996ApJ...462..563N", "1996ApJ...469..508S", "1996MNRAS.279....1B", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.281..487K", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1996MNRAS.283L..15B", "1997A&A...320...41K", "1997ApJ...483..582E", "1997ApJS..110..213S", "1998MNRAS.294..705K" ]
3809116
astro-ph/9801224
The Fractal Structure of the Universe: A New Field Theory Approach
While the universe becomes more and more homogeneous at large scales, statistical analysis of galaxy catalogs have revealed a fractal structure at small scales (λ &lt; 100 h<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc), with a fractal dimension D = 1.5-2. We study the thermodynamics of a self-gravitating system using the theory of critical phenomena and finite-size scaling, and we show that gravity provides a dynamical mechanism for producing this fractal structure. We develop a field theoretical approach for computing the galaxy distribution, assuming them to be in quasi-isothermal equilibrium. Only a limited (although large) range of scales is involved, between a short-distance cutoff, below which other physics intervene, and a large-distance cutoff, beyond which the thermodynamic equilibrium is not satisfied. The galaxy ensemble can be considered at critical conditions, with large density fluctuations developing at any scale. From the theory of critical phenomena, we derive the two independent critical exponents ν and η and predict the fractal dimension D = 1/ν to be either 1.585 or 2, depending on whether the long-range behavior is governed by the Ising or the mean-field fixed points, respectively. Both set of values are compatible with present observations. In addition, we predict the scaling behavior of the gravitational potential to be r<SUP>-(1+η)/2</SUP> that is, r<SUP>-0.5</SUP> for mean field or r<SUP>-0.519</SUP> for the Ising fixed point. The theory allows us to compute the 3 and higher density correlators without any assumption or Ansatz. We find that the N-point density scales as r<SUP>(N-1)(D-3)</SUP><SUB>1</SUB> when r<SUB>1</SUB> &gt;&gt; r<SUB>i</SUB>, 2 &lt;= i &lt;=N. There are no free parameters in this theory.
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11.515841
3.293552
1998-06-01
38
1998ApJ...500....8D
[ "large scales", "large density fluctuations", "small scales", "scales", "critical phenomena", "critical conditions", "galaxy catalogs", "mean field", "quasi-isothermal equilibrium", "r" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "METHODS: STATISTICAL", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe", "Methods: Statistical", "Astrophysics", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
3
[ "10.1086/305700", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801224" ]
[ "de Vega, H. J.", "Sánchez, N.", "Combes, F." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998A&A...335..922R", "1998CQGra..15.3041H", "1998ptc..conf..238D", "1999CSF....10..329D", "1999EL.....46..127G", "1999PhRvD..59l5021S", "1999PhRvD..60l3512M", "1999gr.qc.....6041G", "2000A&AT...19..397S", "2000PhLB..490..180D", "2000PhRvD..61h4001G", "2001PhRvD..63h4005S", "2001ctap.conf..391P", "2001pteu.conf..287S", "2002A&A...381..340C", "2002A&A...381..709C", "2002A&A...396..315C", "2002EPJB...29..593V", "2002NuPhB.625..409D", "2002NuPhB.625..460D", "2002PhRvE..66a6112D", "2003A&A...401...15C", "2004A&A...419..425D", "2005IJMPD..14.1577N", "2005astro.ph..5561D", "2006CRPhy...7..391D", "2006IJMPB..20.3113C", "2013NuPhB.871...21A", "2013arXiv1310.5765G", "2014arXiv1408.5237Z", "2015A&A...581A..53Z", "2015arXiv151102948C", "2016AstBu..71..155T", "2017MNRAS.464.2777C", "2019RAA....19...53Z", "2020Univ....6..212B", "2021Entrp..23.1158Z", "2021PhRvD.104l3513Z" ]
[ "1934MNRAS..94..791S", "1954ApJ...119...91S", "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1960ApJ...131..585D", "1969PASJ...21..221T", "1970Sci...167.1203D", "1974PhR....12...75W", "1975RvMP...47..773W", "1977ApJS...34..425D", "1978AJ.....83..845S", "1979MNRAS.186..145W", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1981MNRAS.194..809L", "1982fgn..book.....M", "1983ApJ...267..465D", "1983RvMP...55..583W", "1984ApJ...276...13S", "1986AJ.....91.1267P", "1986ApJ...302L...1D", "1987PhyA..144..257P", "1988A&A...200L..32C", "1988ApJ...333L...9D", "1988ApJ...335L..43B", "1989A&A...226..373B", "1989ASSL..155..231E", "1989Sci...246..897G", "1991A&A...246..634C", "1991ApJ...378..186F", "1991ApJ...383...19B", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...396L...1S", "1992PhR...213..311C", "1993ARA&A..31..689O", "1993ApJ...403..476I", "1993ApJ...417...19H", "1993MNRAS.260..365M", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994A&A...285...94P", "1994A&A...289..667D", "1994ApJ...433..464S", "1996A&A...308L..33D", "1996ApJ...460...16S", "1996ApJ...465...14C", "1996ApJ...468L...1S", "1996ApJ...469...26S", "1996ApJ...470...78S", "1996ApJ...471..617L", "1996GReGr..28.1427H", "1996Natur.383...56D", "1996PhRvD..54.6008D", "1996PhyA..226..195S", "1997cdc..conf...24P" ]
3031299
astro-ph/9801184
Old high-redshift galaxies and primordial density fluctuation spectra
We have discovered a population of extremely red galaxies at z~=1.5 which have apparent stellar ages of &gt;~3 Gyr, based on detailed spectroscopy in the rest-frame ultraviolet. In order for galaxies to have existed at the high collapse redshifts indicated by these ages, there must be a minimum level of power in the density fluctuation spectrum on galaxy scales. This paper compares the required power with that inferred from other high-redshift populations: damped Lyalpha absorbers and Lyman-limit galaxies at z~=3.2. If the collapse redshifts for the old red galaxies are in the range z_c~=6-8, there is general agreement between the various tracers on the required inhomogeneity on 1-Mpc scales. This level of small-scale power requires the Lyman-limit galaxies to be approximately nu~=3.0 fluctuations, implying a very large bias parameter b~=6. If the collapse redshifts of the red galaxies are indeed in the range z_c=6-8 required for power spectrum consistency, their implied ages at z~=1.5 are between 3 and 3.8 Gyr for essentially any model universe of current age 14 Gyr. The age of these objects as deduced from gravitational collapse thus provides independent support for the ages estimated from their stellar populations. Such early-forming galaxies are rare, and their contribution to the cosmological stellar density is consistent with an extrapolation to higher redshifts of the star formation rate measured at z&lt;5 there is no evidence for a general era of spheroid formation at extreme redshifts.
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12.685525
6.539182
1998-06-01
43
1998MNRAS.296.1089P
[ "galaxy scales", "apparent stellar ages", "galaxies", "higher redshifts", "current age", "power spectrum consistency", "extreme redshifts", "power", "gravitational collapse", "gt;~3 Gyr" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01516.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801184" ]
[ "Peacock, J. A.", "Jimenez, R.", "Dunlop, J. S.", "Waddington, I.", "Spinrad, H.", "Stern, D.", "Dey, A.", "Windhorst, R. A." ]
[ "Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA", "Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA", "National Optical Astronomy Observatoires, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA" ]
[ "1998MNRAS.299...95M", "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1998MNRAS.300..817H", "1999A&A...349..363G", "1999ASPC..192..117J", "1999ASPC..193..106W", "1999ASPC..193..133D", "1999Ap&SS.267..329O", "1999Ap&SS.269..243W", "1999ApJ...510..541T", "1999ApJ...510..576P", "1999ApJ...513..128Y", "1999ApJ...522...46T", "1999MNRAS.304..175M", "1999MNRAS.309..208M", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999RSPTA.357..133P", "2000A&A...354..815S", "2000AJ....119.2556L", "2000ASPC..200...81H", "2000ApJ...530L..53B", "2000ApJ...541...10M", "2000IJMPD...9..373S", "2000MNRAS.318..535P", "2001MNRAS.324....1W", "2001MNRAS.326.1205V", "2001MNRAS.326.1585J", "2001MNRAS.327..895S", "2001MNRAS.327.1334V", "2001hsa..conf....1J", "2002ApJ...572....1K", "2002ApJ...573...37J", "2002MNRAS.336.1342W", "2002PABei..20..190S", "2002moco.conf..219K", "2003ApJ...589...29L", "2003PhR...380..235P", "2003mglh.conf..262B", "2004ApJ...611L..13F", "2004cgpc.sympE..38N", "2005MNRAS.356..495J", "2006PhRvD..73l3530P", "2016Ap&SS.361..222D" ]
[ "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984A&AS...58...39W", "1984ApJ...281..512D", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1985A&A...146...38K", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1988MNRAS.230P...5E", "1989MNRAS.237.1127C", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...376...51W", "1991ApJS...77....1L", "1991phco.conf..337P", "1992ARA&A..30..499C", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1992MNRAS.256P..43E", "1993ApJ...416....1K", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1994ApJ...430L..25M", "1994ApJ...430L..97K", "1994ApJ...434L...5M", "1995ASPC...86..189B", "1995ASPC...86..225G", "1995ASPC...86..283D", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...444....1K", "1995ApJ...447..465P", "1995ApJ...454...69P", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...463L..51B", "1996ApJ...467L...9M", "1996ApJ...471...13M", "1996MNRAS.281..323V", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.282..926J", "1996MNRAS.282.1096M", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996MNRAS.283L..79S", "1996Natur.381..207T", "1996Natur.381..581D", "1996Natur.383...45P", "1997A&A...321..733L", "1997AIPC..408..279P", "1997ApJ...481..673L", "1997ApJ...484..581S", "1997ApJ...484L...1M", "1997ApJ...486...42G", "1997MNRAS.284..885P", "1997NewA....1..321B", "1997NewA....2..119B", "1998ApJ...492..428S", "1998ApJ...495...44C", "1998ApJ...495..647H", "1998ApJ...498..504B", "1998MNRAS.297..910S" ]
11643595
astro-ph/9801160
Galaxy aggregates in the Coma cluster
We present evidence for a new morphologically defined form of small-scale substructure in the Coma cluster, which we call galaxy aggregates. Aggregates are dominated by a central galaxy, which is on average 5 mag brighter than the smaller aggregate members, nearly all of which lie to one side of the central galaxy. We have found three such galaxy aggregates: two dominated by the S0 galaxies RB 55 and RB 60, and one by the starbursting SBb NGC 4858. RB 55 and 60 are both equidistant between the two dominant D galaxies NGC 4874 and 4889, while NGC 4858 is located near the large E0 galaxy NGC 4860. All three central galaxies have redshifts consistent with Coma cluster membership. We describe the spatial structures of these unique objects, and suggest several possible mechanisms to explain their origin. These include: chance superpositions from background galaxies, interactions between other galaxies and with the cluster gravitational potential, and ram pressure. We conclude that the most probable scenario of creation is an interaction with the cluster through its gravitational potential.
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11.917552
5.91416
1998-06-01
19
1998MNRAS.297L..34C
[ "galaxy aggregates", "background galaxies", "other galaxies", "Coma cluster membership", "several possible mechanisms", "NGC", "three such galaxy aggregates", "RB", "a central galaxy", "the central galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: ABELL 1656", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: COMA", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01717.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801160" ]
[ "Conselice, Christopher J.", "Gallagher, John S., III" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI 54706, USA", "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI 54706, USA" ]
[ "1998Natur.396..549G", "1999AJ....117...75C", "1999AJ....118.1618O", "2000AJ....119..580B", "2000ApJ...533..137H", "2001ApJ...549..244K", "2001NewA....6...43G", "2002ApJ...565..854F", "2002ApJ...573L...5C", "2003AJ....125...66C", "2003ApJ...591..167C", "2004ApJ...602..664G", "2007ApJ...671..190S", "2010MNRAS.408.1417S", "2012ApJ...749...43Y", "2014MNRAS.438.3049P", "2019A&A...622A.183J", "2020MNRAS.498.3852B", "2021BAAA...62..171B" ]
[ "1967AJ.....72..398R", "1972ApJ...176....1G", "1982AJ.....87..945K", "1982MNRAS.198.1007N", "1983ApJ...270....7D", "1984AN....305..175B", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1986AJ.....91...70V", "1986ApJ...301...57B", "1986ApJ...306..466H", "1986RvMP...58....1S", "1987ApJ...316..530G", "1988A&A...199...67M", "1988ApJ...330..596L", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1992AJ....104..372L", "1993AJ....105..409D", "1993AJ....106..473C", "1993ApJ...408...57V", "1993MNRAS.261L...8W", "1994ApJ...426..524L", "1994ApJ...430..121C", "1994ESOC...49..121U", "1994clga.conf...23W", "1996A&AS..120..323G", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...459...82H", "1996ApJ...467..489C", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997ApJ...474L...7V", "1997PASP..109.1377S", "1998MNRAS.293..315M", "1998MNRAS.295..177G" ]
11633310
astro-ph/9803161
A Direct Detection of Dust in the Outer Disks of Nearby Galaxies
We measure the extent of 100 μm galactic emission in two independent galaxy samples using the IRAS 100 μm Sky Survey images and constrain the distribution of dust at large (&lt;~30 kpc) radii. The first sample consists of 90 nearby (v &lt; 6000 km s^-1) galaxies from the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies with similar angular sizes and absolute luminosities (5' &lt;= D_25 &lt;= 10' and -22.5 &lt;= M_B &lt;= -18) that are isolated in the 100 μm images. The second sample consists of 24 local galaxies (v &lt; 1500 km s^-1, 10' &lt;= D_25 &lt;= 30'). We rescale the 100 μm images of these galaxies using their optical diameters, D_25, rotate the images using their optical major-axis position angle, construct the mean and median images, and rebin the final images into polar coordinates to study the 100 μm emission as a function of radius and azimuthal angle. We find that the 100 μm emission extends at least to radii of 33 kpc (2 sigma detection) for the typical galaxy in the 5'-10' sample and to 21 kpc (2 sigma detection) in the 10'-30' sample (H_0 = 75 km s^-1 Mpc^-1). In both samples, the emission is preferentially elongated along the optical major axis. We fit an exponential to the 100 μm emission along the major axis and measure a scale length of 2.5 +/- 0.8 kpc (90% confidence interval). Using a simple model that relates the far-IR emission to the stellar distribution, we examine the range of acceptable dust mass distributions allowed by our data and conclude that the dust is more extended than the starlight.
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12.718034
8.007672
1998-06-01
32
1998AJ....115.2273N
[ "acceptable dust mass distributions", "lt;=", "dust", "similar angular sizes", "radii", "two independent galaxy samples", "Bright Galaxies", "absolute luminosities", "polar coordinates", "Sky Survey" ]
[ "ISM: DUST", "EXTINCTION", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "INFRARED RADIATION", "SURVEYS", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1086/300386", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9803161" ]
[ "Nelson, Amy E.", "Zaritsky, Dennis", "Cutri, Roc M." ]
[ "Board of Studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064", "UCO/Lick Observatory and Board of Studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064", "Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Mail Stop 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125" ]
[ "1998A&A...338..795M", "1999PhDT........19B", "1999cezh.conf..109F", "2000A&A...359...65B", "2000A&AS..145...83A", "2000AJ....119..727B", "2000ASPC..221..287Z", "2001A&A...366..451A", "2001A&A...374..919S", "2001PASP..113.1449C", "2001PhDT.........5B", "2002ApJ...579..270P", "2003PASP..115..928K", "2004A&A...415...95S", "2004ASPC..309..771B", "2004ASPC..320..101P", "2005A&A...444..101H", "2005A&A...444..109H", "2005astro.ph..8261H", "2007AJ....134..135Z", "2007AJ....134.2226H", "2008ApJ...680.1053C", "2008MNRAS.388.1321P", "2008arXiv0810.2646H", "2009AJ....137.3000H", "2009ApJ...706..941Z", "2013ApJ...774...50K", "2013MNRAS.434.2153R", "2014AJ....147..134Z", "2016ApJ...833..276Z", "2016MNRAS.462..331S", "2020MNRAS.495.3705N" ]
[ "1980MNRAS.193..189F", "1981A&A....95..105V", "1981A&A....95..116V", "1982A&A...110...61V", "1982A&A...110...79V", "1984ApJ...278L..19L", "1986ApJ...304..443Y", "1986ApJ...306..483J", "1986ApJ...311L..33H", "1987A&A...180...27W", "1987AJ.....94...54K", "1987ApJ...314..513L", "1987ApJ...319...76S", "1987ApJ...320L..87L", "1988ApJ...324..172H", "1988ApJ...326..551C", "1988ApJS...68...91R", "1989AJ.....97..390C", "1989ApJ...341..129B", "1989ApJ...342..272F", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989MNRAS.238..523R", "1989ifss.book.....M", "1990A&A...230...21W", "1990ApJ...350L..25D", "1990ApJ...358..418R", "1990ApJ...359...42D", "1990ApJ...362..473T", "1991ARA&A..29..581Y", "1991ApJ...370..158S", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103.1484B", "1992AJ....103.1536D", "1992ApJ...396L..69S", "1993A&A...272..123S", "1993A&A...280L..23L", "1993AJ....105...67R", "1993ApJ...409..190D", "1993ApJ...414...41M", "1993ApJ...414L..13D", "1993ApJ...419..104C", "1993MNRAS.261..299C", "1994A&A...288..383B", "1994AJ....108.1619Z", "1994ApJ...428..638S", "1995A&A...300...43A", "1995A&A...300L...1P", "1996A&A...313...45D", "1996A&A...313..377D", "1996ApJ...456..163X", "1996MNRAS.283...85A", "1996astro.ph.10238O", "1997ApJ...490..143B", "1998ASPC..136..155A" ]
11643569
astro-ph/9707100
Morphology and surface brightness evolution of z~1.1 radio galaxies
We use K'-band (2.1-μm) imaging to investigate the angular size and morphology of 10 6C radio galaxies, at redshifts 1&lt;=z&lt;=1.4. Two radio galaxies appear to be undergoing mergers, another contains, within a single envelope, two intensity peaks aligned with the radio jets, while the other seven appear consistent with being normal ellipticals in the K band. Intrinsic half-light radii are estimated from the areas of each radio galaxy image above a series of thresholds. The 6C galaxy radii are found to be significantly smaller than those of the more radio-luminous 3CR galaxies at similar redshifts. This would indicate that the higher mean K-band luminosity of the 3CR galaxies reflects a difference in the size of the host galaxies, and not solely a difference in the power of the active nuclei. The size-luminosity relation of the z~1.1 6C galaxies indicates a 1.0-1.6 mag enhancement of their rest frame R-band surface brightness relative to either local ellipticals of the same size or FRII radio galaxies at z&lt;0.2. The 3CR galaxies at z~1.1 show a comparable enhancement in surface brightness. The mean radius of the 6C galaxies suggests that they evolve into ellipticals of L~L* luminosity, and is consistent with their low-redshift counterparts being relatively small FRII galaxies ~25 times lower in radio luminosity, or small FRI galaxies ~1000 times lower in radio luminosity. Hence the 6C radio galaxies appear to undergo as much optical and radio evolution as the 3CR galaxies.
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14.884873
6.104598
1998-06-01
25
1998MNRAS.297..405R
[ "FRII radio galaxies", "radio luminosity", "L~L* luminosity", "10 6C radio galaxies", "the 6C radio galaxies", "each radio galaxy image", "Two radio galaxies", "relatively small FRII galaxies", "normal ellipticals", "the z~1.1 6C galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01494.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9707100" ]
[ "Roche, Nathan", "Eales, Stephen", "Rawlings, Steve" ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF23YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff CF23YB", "Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Nuclear and Astrophysics Laboratory, Keble Road, Oxford OX13RH" ]
[ "1998ApJ...507..558H", "1999AJ....117..677B", "1999MNRAS.306..828S", "1999MNRAS.307..420L", "1999MNRAS.309.1017W", "1999mdrg.conf...33E", "1999mdrg.conf..437L", "2000AJ....120...68L", "2000MNRAS.316..267W", "2000MNRAS.317..120R", "2000MNRAS.319..807P", "2001ApJ...550..122R", "2001EAS.....1..109W", "2001MNRAS.322..523R", "2001MNRAS.328..882W", "2002A&A...383..755W", "2002AJ....123..637D", "2002MNRAS.332..479J", "2002MNRAS.335.1120W", "2002MNRAS.336.1342W", "2003MNRAS.345.1365I", "2005MNRAS.359.1393I", "2009MNRAS.395.1491B", "2011A&A...528A.110F", "2022ApJ...927..221G" ]
[ "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1979MNRAS.189..433L", "1982MNRAS.199..611A", "1982MNRAS.201..331A", "1983MNRAS.204..151L", "1984AJ.....89...64B", "1984MNRAS.209..401L", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985MNRAS.217..149E", "1988MNRAS.230..131P", "1989MNRAS.236..959P", "1989MNRAS.238..357O", "1989MNRAS.240..129Y", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991MNRAS.249..164O", "1991Natur.349..138R", "1992AJ....103..332W", "1992ApJ...385...61R", "1992ApJ...387..449P", "1992ApJ...397...49E", "1992MNRAS.256P..53T", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...411...43Y", "1993MNRAS.263..936D", "1994ApJ...427L..79R", "1996AJ....112....9L", "1996ApJ...460...68E", "1996ApJ...461L..79I", "1996MNRAS.280L...9B", "1996PASP..108..996L", "1997AJ....114..511R", "1997ApJ...477L..17S", "1997MNRAS.291..593E", "1998MNRAS.293..157R", "1998MNRAS.295...10L", "1998MNRAS.295..549B" ]
11633297
astro-ph/9803033
Properties of Very Luminous Galaxies
Recent analysis of the data from the Southern Sky Redshift Survey extension (SSRS2) based on cell counts and the two-point correlation function has shown that very luminous galaxies are much more strongly clustered than fainter galaxies. In fact, the amplitude of the correlation function of very luminous galaxies (L &gt; L^*) asymptotically approaches that of R &gt;= 0 clusters. In this paper we investigate the properties of the most luminous galaxies, with blue absolute magnitudes M_B &lt;= -21. We find that (1) the population mix is comparable to that in other ranges of absolute magnitude; (2) only a small fraction are located in bona fide clusters; (3) the bright galaxy-cluster cross-correlation function is significantly higher on large scales than that measured for fainter galaxies; (4) the correlation length of galaxies brighter than M_B ~ -20.0, expressed as a function of the mean interparticle distance, appears to follow the universal dimensionless correlation function found for clusters and radio galaxies; (5) a large fraction of the bright galaxies are in interacting pairs, while others show evidence for tidal distortions and some appear to be surrounded by faint satellite galaxies. We conclude that very luminous optical galaxies differ from the normal population of galaxies in both clustering and other respects. We speculate that this population is a highly biased tracer of mass, being associated with dark halos with masses more comparable to clusters than to typical loose groups.
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12.217991
5.220459
1998-06-01
14
1998AJ....115.2250C
[ "fainter galaxies", "radio galaxies", "galaxies", "faint satellite galaxies", "bona fide clusters", "clusters", "blue absolute magnitudes", "the bright galaxy-cluster cross-correlation function", "very luminous optical galaxies", "absolute magnitude" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: HALOS", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
6
[ "10.1086/300372", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9803033" ]
[ "Cappi, A.", "da Costa, L. N.", "Benoist, C.", "Maurogordato, S.", "Pellegrini, P. S." ]
[ "Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Zamboni 33, I-40126 Bologna, Italy", "European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur-Nice, CNRS, B.P. 4229, Le Mont-Gros, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France", "Departamento de Astronomia, Observatório Nacional, CNPq, Rua General José Cristino 77, 20921-030 São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" ]
[ "1998A&A...335..779C", "1998astro.ph..4085C", "1998astro.ph.12258D", "2000A&A...353...57G", "2000ASPC..200..398C", "2001A&A...374..454T", "2001ApJ...554..857G", "2002A&A...391...35F", "2002luml.conf..123C", "2003A&A...408..905C", "2003MNRAS.343..627J", "2005A&A...431..503R", "2006A&A...457..405C", "2012ApJS..199...26H" ]
[ "1968MCG...C04....0V", "1977A&AS...28....1V", "1977ApJ...215..703S", "1982ApJ...255..382H", "1982ApJ...257..423H", "1982euse.book.....L", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1985Natur.314..718S", "1986ApJ...303...25T", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987cspg.book.....A", "1988A&A...190L..21J", "1988A&A...206L..11A", "1988ApJ...331..641H", "1988ApJ...331L..59H", "1988MNRAS.231..635L", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1989spce.book.....L", "1990A&A...231L..19M", "1990ApJ...349..477M", "1990ApJ...353...51R", "1991MNRAS.253..307P", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...255....1B", "1992A&A...259..423C", "1992ApJ...385L..33B", "1992ApJ...388....9T", "1992ApJ...392..419B", "1992MNRAS.255P..21N", "1992MNRAS.259..494P", "1992Sci...256..513L", "1992ifss.book.....M", "1993MNRAS.260..121M", "1993MNRAS.263..798M", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994AJ....107.1235P", "1994ApJ...424L...1D", "1994ApJ...431..569P", "1994MNRAS.271L..47D", "1996A&AS..117..487M", "1996AJ....112..871B", "1996ApJ...472..452B", "1996MNRAS.279..477C", "1997A&AS..124..533D", "1997MNRAS.286..795K", "1997MNRAS.286..994L", "1997MNRAS.291..305C", "1998AJ....115..869W" ]
2087111
null
Orientation of planetary nebulae within the Galaxy
Narrow-band CCD images of 209 axially symmetrical planetary nebulae (PNe) have been examined in order to determine the orientation of their axes within the disc of the Galaxy. The nebulae have been divided into the bipolar (B) and elliptical (E) PNe morphological types, according to the scheme of Corradi &amp; Schwarz. In both classes, contrary to the results of Melnick &amp; Harwit and Phillips we do not find any strong evidence for non-random orientations of the nebulae in the Galaxy. Compared with previous work in this field, the present study takes advantage of the use of larger and morphologically more homogeneous samples and offers a more rigorous statistical analysis.
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10.004016
10.102208
1998-06-01
41
1998MNRAS.297..617C
[ "non-random orientations", "amp", "previous work", "Melnick", "advantage", "Harwit", "PNe", "Phillips", "order", "Galaxy" ]
[ "PLANETARY NEBULAE: GENERAL", "GALAXY: STRUCTURE" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01532.x" ]
[ "Corradi, Romano L. M.", "Aznar, Regina", "Mampaso, Antonio" ]
[ "Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..143H", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000A&A...353..363J", "2000ASPC..199...25C", "2002ApJ...572.1006Z", "2002MNRAS.336..826S", "2002astro.ph..1357S", "2003ApJ...587..312R", "2003IAUS..209..223S", "2003MNRAS.342..823H", "2003RMxAC..15...23S", "2004ASPC..313..497S", "2005astro.ph..5092W", "2006astro.ph..9467S", "2008ApJ...675..380S", "2008MNRAS.388..105M", "2008PASP..120..380W", "2008PhDT.......109F", "2010MNRAS.403.1577M", "2011PhDT.......234R", "2012A&A...541A..98A", "2013MNRAS.435..975R", "2014ApJ...787..111A", "2014MNRAS.438.2853F", "2015PhDT.......498S", "2016IAUS..312..128D", "2016MNRAS.462.1393A", "2017ApJ...850..123S", "2020ApJ...890...44B", "2020ApJ...890...50G", "2020Galax...8...34R", "2020MNRAS.499.3620I", "2022ApJ...925...60D", "2022ApJ...927...46S", "2022ApJ...934...45Z", "2022ApJ...941..122C", "2022MNRAS.515.1026P", "2023ApJ...945..160L", "2023ApJ...951L..44T", "2024A&A...686A.202J", "2024ApJ...966..120L" ]
[ "1975MNRAS.171..441M", "1987AJ.....94..671B", "1991ApJ...366..163G", "1992A&AS...96...23S", "1992secg.book.....A", "1994ApJ...424..800B", "1995A&A...293..871C", "1996A&A...313..913C", "1996iacm.book.....M", "1997A&A...325..755P" ]
2065414
null
A V and I CCD Mosaic Survey of the Ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
We discuss a Johnson-Cousins V- and I-band CCD mosaic survey of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) to V ~ 22. We covered UMi with 27 10.5‧ x 10.5‧ overlapping CCD frames, each frame consisting of two 300 s exposures in each of V and I. We also observed several regions ~3 deg from UMi to obtain an estimate of contamination by galaxies and Galactic stars. We report the first H-R diagram of an entire dSph. Separation of dwarf stars from foreground stars by color allows a robust estimation of the structural parameters of UMi. We examine earlier evidence of two lumps in the UMi stellar distribution. We detect a statistically significant asymmetry in the stellar distribution of UMi along the major axis. Structure in the stellar distribution of UMi might indicate a tidal origin for UMi's high observed mass-to-light ratio. We demonstrate a technique for obtaining the absolute magnitude of UMi from horizontal-branch star counts compared with M92; this method of luminosity estimation is independent of the distance to UMi. We obtain M_V=-8.87+/-sigma<SUB>M_V</SUB>, where sigma<SUB>M_V</SUB>=0.14 if M92 is a perfect calibrator and sigma<SUB>M_V</SUB>&lt;~0.35 is an upper bound on the error arising from differences in stellar populations. Our value for M_V is consistent with earlier measurements and has a smaller uncertainty.
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9.393844
7.893762
1998-06-01
61
1998AJ....115.2359K
[ "dwarf stars", "CCD frames", "foreground stars", "Galactic stars", "stellar populations", "earlier measurements", "luminosity estimation", "earlier evidence", "spheroidal galaxy", "the UMi stellar distribution" ]
[ "GALAXIES: DWARF", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NAME: URSA MINOR", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "GALAXIES: LOCAL GROUP" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300360" ]
[ "Kleyna, J. T.", "Geller, M. J.", "Kenyon, S. J.", "Kurtz, M. J.", "Thorstensen, J. R." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998AJ....116.2315M", "1999AJ....117.1764B", "1999AJ....118..366M", "1999ASPC..165....1W", "1999ASPC..165..153D", "1999ApJ...525L..17T", "2000ESASP.445...87G", "2001AJ....121..974G", "2001AJ....122.2538O", "2001AJ....122.3106E", "2001ASPC..228..514M", "2001ASPC..239..280G", "2001ApJ...549L..63M", "2001ApSSS.277..425M", "2002AJ....123.2511P", "2002AJ....123.3199C", "2002AJ....124.3222B", "2002ApJ...566..838K", "2002NewA....7..395W", "2003A&A...405..577B", "2003AJ....125.1352P", "2003AJ....126..218M", "2003ApJ...586L.123G", "2003ApJ...588..326G", "2003ApJ...588L..21K", "2003ApJ...589..798K", "2003ApJ...599.1082M", "2003MNRAS.339..887F", "2004ApJ...612L.121Z", "2004PASA...21..379C", "2005AJ....129.1443C", "2005AJ....130...95P", "2005AJ....130.2677M", "2005ASSL..327..201W", "2005ICRC....4...69H", "2005astro.ph..1138W", "2006AJ....131..375W", "2007AJ....134..835K", "2007ApJ...658L..83S", "2007ApJ...663..960S", "2008ApJ...684.1075M", "2010MNRAS.407.1135S", "2012ApJ...745..127M", "2012ApJ...751...61L", "2012ApJ...757...87L", "2012JCAP...02..011L", "2012PASA...29..395K", "2013ApJ...768..139S", "2013pss5.book.1039W", "2014MNRAS.442.1718P", "2015ApJ...802...30Z", "2015ApJ...805..109C", "2015MNRAS.449..761U", "2016IAUS..312..157G", "2018ApJ...860...66M", "2019ApJ...871...49H", "2019ApJ...878..152L", "2021MNRAS.505.2074A", "2022MNRAS.515.2981A", "2022MNRAS.516.5389G", "2023MNRAS.526.1310T" ]
[ "1964AJ.....69..438H", "1983ApJ...266L..11A", "1985AJ.....90.2221O", "1985IAUS..113..541W", "1987ApJ...317..653F", "1989ApJ...341L..41K", "1991AJ....101..892M", "1992AJ....103..840C", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1993ApJ...409L..13K", "1994A&A...290..443S", "1994AJ....108..507S", "1994AJ....108.1648D", "1995AJ....109.1071P", "1995ApJ...442..142O", "1995MNRAS.274..491D", "1995MNRAS.277.1354I", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1996ASPC...92..424P", "1996ApJ...470..910S", "1996ApJS..104....1P", "1997A&A...320..823C", "1997AJ....114..161R", "1997NewA....2..139K" ]
2087436
null
Lens models with density cusps
Lens models appropriate for representing cusped galaxies and clusters are developed. The analogue of the odd-number theorem for cusped density distributions is given. Density cusps are classified into strong, isothermal or weak, according to their lensing properties. Strong cusps cause multiple imaging for any source position, whereas isothermal and weak cusps give rise to only one image for distant sources. Isothermal cusps always possess a pseudo-caustic. When the source crosses the pseudo-caustic, the number of images changes by unity. Two families of cusped galaxy and cluster models are examined in detail. The double power-law family has an inner cusp, followed by a transition region and an outer envelope. One member of this family - the isothermal double power-law model - possesses an exceedingly scarce property, namely the lens equation is exactly solvable for any source position. This means that the magnifications, the time delay and the lensing cross-sections are all readily available. The model has a three-dimensional density that is cusped like r^-2 at small radii and falls off like r^-4 asymptotically. Thus, it provides a very useful representation of the lensing properties of a galaxy or cluster of finite total mass with a flat rotation curve. The second set of models studied is the single power-law family. These are single density cusps of infinite extent. The properties of the critical curves and caustics and the behaviour of the lenses in the presence of external shear are all discussed in some detail.
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12.666713
3.927832
1998-06-01
44
1998MNRAS.296..800E
[ "single density cusps", "Density cusps", "Isothermal cusps", "Strong cusps", "cusped density distributions", "cusped galaxies", "Lens models", "models", "distant sources", "cusped galaxy and cluster models" ]
[ "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01380.x" ]
[ "Evans, N. W.", "Wilkinson, M. I." ]
[ "Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP", "Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP" ]
[ "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999ApJ...512....9M", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999RvMA...12..131F", "2000ApJ...538..528S", "2000PASJ...52...99A", "2001A&A...379...72C", "2001ApJ...554.1216C", "2001ApJ...554.1227H", "2001ApJ...558..657M", "2001MNRAS.320..401Z", "2001MNRAS.327.1260E", "2002AJ....123...10W", "2002ApJ...568..500C", "2002ApJ...575...68E", "2002ApJ...577...51F", "2003AJ....125.2951G", "2003ApJ...584..664K", "2005ApJ...624...34H", "2006ApJ...652L...5S", "2006MNRAS.368.1362W", "2007A&A...463..105T", "2007ApJ...671.1196M", "2007MNRAS.374.1427S", "2007MNRAS.377.1623Z", "2008MNRAS.388..384D", "2008MNRAS.390..505S", "2010arXiv1006.0782R", "2012MNRAS.419.2424L", "2012MNRAS.420..792M", "2013ApJ...765..134C", "2013ApJ...770L..34C", "2015A&A...580A..79T", "2015MNRAS.449.2079C", "2016JCAP...03..040B", "2016MNRAS.461.4466C", "2017MNRAS.465.2010L", "2017MNRAS.465.2018L", "2018MNRAS.481L.136S", "2019PhRvD..99l4007D", "2020Univ....6..106B", "2021ApJ...922...72K", "2021MNRAS.505.2610B", "2022ApJ...927..101K" ]
[ "1936Sci....84..506E", "1954ZA.....35...67C", "1964MNRAS.128..307R", "1965hmfw.book.....A", "1976ApJ...209..214B", "1980tisp.book.....G", "1981ApJ...244L...1B", "1983MNRAS.202..995J", "1984A&A...140..119S", "1985JMP....26.1592M", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1987ApJ...312...22K", "1987ApJ...321..658B", "1987ApJ...321..676K", "1987Natur.325..507K", "1987gady.book.....B", "1990A&A...236..311W", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1992ApJ...399L.125F", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993ApJ...407...33M", "1993ApJ...417..450K", "1993MNRAS.260..191E", "1994A&A...284..285K", "1994MNRAS.267..333E", "1994MNRAS.271...99V", "1994MNRAS.271..202E", "1995AJ....110.2622L", "1996A&A...313..697B", "1996AJ....112..105G", "1996ApJ...462..563N", "1996ApJ...472L...1W", "1996ApJ...473..595K", "1996MNRAS.278..488Z", "1997AJ....114.1771F", "1997ApJ...477L...9F", "1997ApJ...480L.103E", "1997MNRAS.291..211W", "1998ApJ...495..157K", "1998ApJ...495..604F", "1998ApJ...499L...5M" ]
2067722
null
The CNOC Cluster Redshift Survey Catalogs. VI. MS 0015.9+1609 and MS 0451.5-0305
A photometric and redshift catalog of galaxies in the field of two rich galaxy clusters, MS 0015.9+1609 (z = 0.5481) and MS 0451.5-0305 (z = 0.5386), is presented as part of the CNOC cluster redshift survey carried out at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) using the MOS imaging multiobject spectrograph. The imaging and spectroscopic observations cover a single field of approximately 7.6 arcmin × 9.1 arcmin, centered on each cluster. Redshifts for 247 galaxies, primarily ranging in magnitude from r = 20 to r = 22, were obtained. The data set is also presented graphically in several forms. The magnitude, color, and geometric selection functions for the redshift sample are presented and discussed.
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12.529914
5.468584
1998-06-01
38
1998ApJS..116..247E
[ "Redshifts", "imaging multiobject spectrograph", "galaxies", "the CNOC cluster redshift survey", "magnitude", "=", "several forms", "MS", "two rich galaxy clusters", "MOS" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: MS 0451.6-0305", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "Galaxies: Clusters: Individual: Alphanumeric: MS 0015.9+1609", "galaxies: clusters: individual (MS 0451.5-0305)", "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Clusters: Individual: Alphanumeric: MS 0451.5-0305" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313106" ]
[ "Ellingson, E.", "Yee, H. K. C.", "Abraham, R. G.", "Morris, S. L.", "Carlberg, R. G." ]
[ "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; CASA, CB 389, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.", "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada.", "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England.", "Guest Observer, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, operated jointly by NRC of Canada, CNRS of France, and the University of Hawaii.; Dominion Astrophysical Observatory 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada." ]
[ "1999A&AS..136..117L", "2000AJ....120...23H", "2000fepc.conf..102F", "2001ApJ...547..609E", "2001ApJ...548...79G", "2001ApJ...548..624C", "2001ApJ...562L.125T", "2001MNRAS.327.1193S", "2002MNRAS.330...92C", "2003ApJ...585..205B", "2003ApJ...585..215Y", "2003ApJ...598..190D", "2003MNRAS.340.1261W", "2003PASJ...55..789T", "2005ApJS..157..228S", "2006ApJ...636L..13C", "2006MNRAS.366..144N", "2006astro.ph..7040B", "2007ApJ...659.1106M", "2007ApJ...664L...9E", "2007ApJ...671.1503M", "2008A&A...488..117K", "2008ApJ...677L..89G", "2009A&A...505...83H", "2009ApJ...690.1158C", "2009ApJ...701...66M", "2010A&A...520A.109K", "2010ApJ...715..162C", "2010ApJS..188..280S", "2011ApJ...741...98C", "2011MNRAS.410.1939Z", "2013AJ....145...77J", "2015A&A...581A..31S", "2016A&A...595A..73B", "2018ApJS..235...29J", "2021MNRAS.508.1206J", "2024ApJ...968...74S", "2024EPJWC.29300050S" ]
[ "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1981ApJ...251L..75K", "1985PASP...97..165K", "1989AJ.....98..227G", "1990ApJS...72..567G", "1991ApJ...381...33F", "1991ApJS...76..813S", "1992ApJS...78....1D", "1994AJ....107....8F", "1994ApJ...437...63C", "1994ApJS...94..583G", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...468...79D", "1996ApJ...471..694A", "1996ApJS..102..289Y", "1997ApJ...475...29P", "1997ApJ...475..494L", "1997ApJ...479...82S", "1997ApJ...479L..19C", "1997ApJ...488L..75B", "1997ApJS..113....1E", "1998ApJS..116..211Y", "1998ApJS..116..231A" ]
2087104
null
Near-infrared imaging of the host galaxies of BLLacertae objects
Near-infrared images have been obtained of nine BL Lacertae objects in order to investigate their host galaxy properties. From numerical modelling of the data we find that five of the nine BL Lacs have contributions from extended galaxy emission in their profiles. Tentative morphologies were derived for two of the BL Lacs, namely B2 0752+258, for which a disc morphology is slightly preferred, and S4 0954+65, for which an elliptical morphology is preferred. From our modelling we derive host galaxy absolute magnitudes of M_H=-25.6+/-0.5 for B2 0752+258, and M_H=-26.3+/-0.8 for S4 0954+65. We also find an average K-band absolute K-corrected host galaxy magnitude, for the BL Lacs, of &lt;M_K&gt;=-26.3+/-0.6 asssuming an elliptical galaxy model, and &lt;M_K&gt;=-26.1+/-0.9 assuming a disc galaxy model. The derived absolute magnitudes are similar to those found for the putative parent population of FRI radio galaxies, predicted by unified schemes. For those BL Lacs in which host galaxies have been previously detected at optical wavelengths we derive rest frame colours which are generally consistent with those of `normal' galaxies. However, for TEX 0836+182 we find a rather blue colour which, together with the elongated morphology, may be indicative of interaction or spiral structure. Our results suggest that the host galaxies of BL Lacs are indeed similar to those of FRI radio galaxies, adding further weight to the unification scenario. In our present infrared frames of relatively modest resolution, we do not find that infrared observations are any more or less effective than optical observations at revealing the underlying host galaxy.
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16.800386
5.03894
1998-06-01
18
1998MNRAS.296..961W
[ "host galaxies", "FRI radio galaxies", "extended galaxy emission", "BL Lacs", "BL Lacertae", "host", "rest frame colours", "the underlying host galaxy", "their host galaxy properties", "optical observations" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "BL LACERTAE OBJECTS: GENERAL", "INFRARED: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01463.x" ]
[ "Wright, S. C.", "McHardy, I. M.", "Abraham, R. G.", "Crawford, C. S." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ", "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA" ]
[ "1999ASPC..159..367H", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2001MNRAS.325.1109B", "2003A&A...400...95N", "2003A&A...400..487C", "2004A&A...418..813H", "2004A&A...424..107K", "2004MNRAS.348.1379C", "2006A&A...457...35S", "2008AJ....135.1384G", "2008AN....329..413P", "2008arXiv0810.3563S", "2009AJ....137..337S", "2010A&A...519A..62K", "2011ApJ...732...22C", "2013A&A...552A..98T", "2014A&ARv..22...73F", "2020MNRAS.498L..35K" ]
[ "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1970ApJ...160..811F", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1978bllo.conf..328B", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982MNRAS.199.1053L", "1982MNRAS.200.1067O", "1984ApJ...280...41H", "1984MNRAS.211..833L", "1985ApJ...288..618R", "1985Natur.318..446O", "1986AJ.....91..494L", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1988A&A...198L..13S", "1988ApJ...331..325R", "1989ApJ...338..735Y", "1989ApJ...347...29S", "1989LNP...334...45U", "1989MNRAS.239P...1R", "1990A&A...236...69V", "1990A&AS...86..167J", "1991AJ....102.1991F", "1991ApJ...380...49M", "1991MNRAS.249..742M", "1991MNRAS.252..482A", "1991cqan.book.....V", "1992AJ....104.1687K", "1992ApJ...400L..17S", "1992ApJ...401..474A", "1992drea.book.....B", "1993A&AS...98..393S", "1993AJ....105.1710G", "1993AJ....106...11F", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993ApJ...415..101A", "1993MNRAS.264..455D", "1994ApJ...420...58M", "1994ApJ...428..130J", "1994ApJ...431..137M", "1994ApJ...435L..91M", "1994MNRAS.268..681M", "1995ApJ...438..120E", "1995ApJ...454...55S", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1995wfsd.conf..349S", "1996A&A...314..754N", "1996ApJS..103..109W", "1996MNRAS.283..241F", "1996MNRAS.283..930T", "1997A&A...321..374F", "1997A&A...325..109S" ]
2065406
null
FCC 35 and Its H i Companion: Multiwavelength Observations and Interpretation
The Fornax Cluster galaxy FCC 35 shows an unusual multiply peaked integrated H i profile. We have now observed FCC 35 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and have found a compact H i source with M_HI = 2.2 x 10^8 M_⊙ and a spatially overlapping complex of H i gas with the same mass. By combining optical observations with the H i data, we are able to identify FCC 35 as a young compact source of star formation with a nearby intergalactic H i cloud that is devoid of stars. We classify FCC 35 as a blue compact dwarf or H ii galaxy, having large amounts of neutral hydrogen, very blue colors (U - V = 0.1), and a low-metallicity spectrum with strong narrow emission lines. Together with the presence of the H i cloud, this suggests that FCC 35 is the result of a recent interaction within the Fornax Cluster.
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10.854514
7.685812
1998-06-01
19
1998AJ....115.2345P
[ "H ii galaxy", "integrated H", "H", "FCC", "strong narrow emission lines", "star formation", "Fornax Cluster", "neutral hydrogen", "large amounts", "optical observations" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: NAME: FORNAX", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: FCC 35", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "GALAXIES: INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "ISM: CLOUDS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300367" ]
[ "Putman, M. E.", "Bureau, M.", "Mould, J. R.", "Staveley-Smith, L.", "Freeman, K. C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "2001A&A...376...98S", "2001AJ....122..121V", "2001ASPC..240..167W", "2001ApJ...548L.139D", "2001ApJ...555..232R", "2003AJ....126.2774H", "2004A&A...425...51P", "2004AJ....128.2170H", "2006AJ....132.2496K", "2008IAUS..244..341P", "2010AJ....139..102E", "2011AJ....142...82S", "2012ApJ...747..105E", "2013ApJ...774...86E", "2013MNRAS.434..471R", "2014MNRAS.445.1694L", "2021A&A...648A..32K", "2022A&A...668A.179T", "2022ApJ...926..167J" ]
[ "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1978IAUS...77..279S", "1981AJ.....86..161G", "1981ApJ...247..823T", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1986ApJ...307..431D", "1987ApJ...320...49B", "1987PhDT.......199B", "1988AJ.....96.1520F", "1988MNRAS.233..553D", "1989AJ.....98..367F", "1991A&A...243..367M", "1991AJ....101...94D", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1991MNRAS.251..360N", "1991PhDT.........5H", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992Natur.360..715B", "1993AJ....105..128T", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1993ApJS...88..253S", "1993MNRAS.262...27W", "1994AJ....107..971T", "1994AJ....107.1307H", "1994ApJ...420..576M", "1994ApJS...91...79H", "1994dwga.work..451O", "1995ApJS...99..427T", "1995PASP..107..672B", "1995PhDT.......298S", "1996AAS...18910804M", "1996AJ....111..655H", "1996AJ....111.1551M", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1996ApJ...471..115B", "1996ApJS..102..189T", "1996ApJS..107..739H", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997A&A...326..537D", "1997AJ....113.2031W", "1997ApJ...476..698I", "1997ApJ...480..524T", "1997MNRAS.284L..11T" ]
2087075
null
PKS 1117+146: a new large compact symmetric object
We present 23-GHz MERLIN observations of the high-luminosity radio galaxy PKS 1117+146. The radio image obtained from these data shows, for the first time, a central weak component (designated C) that we identify as the core of the radio galaxy, and two outer components (designated N and S) which are the hotspots of the extended lobes observed at lower frequencies. Extended emission in components C and S is an indication of a possible jet connecting the core to the strongest component. The overall optical and radio properties of PKS 1117+146 are consistent with the source being classified as a compact symmetric object (CSO). We discuss this hypothesis, which would make PKS 1117+146 the largest CSO known so far.
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15.679026
5.886834
1998-06-01
15
1998MNRAS.297..559B
[ "components C", "designated C", "Extended emission", "S", "PKS", "lower frequencies", "a central weak component", "the radio galaxy", "first", "N" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: PKS 1117+146", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01518.x" ]
[ "Bondi, M.", "Garrett, M. A.", "Gurvits, L. I." ]
[ "Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy", "Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, PO Box 2, 7991 PD, Dwingeloo, the Netherlands" ]
[ "2000A&A...362...27J", "2000MNRAS.319..445S", "2002ApJ...568..639P", "2002NewAR..46..291S", "2006MNRAS.368.1411A", "2006MNRAS.370..738G", "2006MNRAS.373..972G", "2010ApJ...712..303C", "2018MNRAS.481.1000B", "2020MNRAS.495L..71Y", "2022ApJS..260...49K", "2023AJ....165...69T", "2024ApJ...961..240K", "2024ApJ...961..242R", "2024arXiv240702029S" ]
[ "1973AJ.....78..521W", "1973IEEEP..61.1242C", "1974MNRAS.167P..31F", "1978SvA....22..544S", "1980ARA&A..18..165M", "1982A&A...106...21P", "1982AJ.....87..859P", "1982ApJ...255...39R", "1983A&A...123..107G", "1984A&A...134..390R", "1984AJ.....89....5V", "1984AJ.....89.1327H", "1984IAUS..110..131R", "1984Natur.308..619W", "1985A&A...152...38S", "1985ApJ...290...86M", "1985MNRAS.215..463C", "1986ApJ...308...93B", "1987A&AS...67...63P", "1987slrs.work..168H", "1988IAUS..129..117B", "1990A&A...231..333F", "1990A&A...232...19B", "1990A&A...233..379S", "1990ARA&A..28..561R", "1991A&A...249..351P", "1991ApJ...380...66O", "1992ApJ...396...62C", "1993A&A...267..213S", "1993ApJ...402...95D", "1993MNRAS.264..298M", "1994A&A...292..392C", "1994A&AS..106...29G", "1994ApJ...432L..87W", "1994ApJS...93..441M", "1995A&A...295..629S", "1995A&A...302..317F", "1995A&AS..114..197A", "1995A&AS..114..259D", "1995PASJ...47..725I", "1996A&A...306..391A", "1996ApJ...460..612R", "1996ApJ...460..634R", "1996ApJ...463...95T", "1996ApJ...470..806O" ]
2065452
null
Initial Results of a Comprehensive Ultrasoft Survey of the Einstein IPC Database: Source List and Confirmation of the Selection Procedure
We have carried out a survey of the entire Einstein IPC database (a total of 5934 sources) to select objects with strong components of ultrasoft X-ray emission (i.e., emission below 0.5 keV). The selection criteria are based on ratios of counts within three broad energy bands (i.e., X-ray ``colors''). A total of 516 objects have been selected, with 202 (39%) having been identified through correlations with other databases. Of the currently identified objects, 45% are active galactic nuclei, 28% are stellar objects, 6% are ``normal'' galaxies and galaxy clusters, and the remaining 21% are ``nonstellar'' Galactic objects such as cataclysmic variables, pulsars, and white dwarfs. We present a discussion of the survey selection procedure, the list of selected sources, and discussions of interesting objects from the aforementioned groups. We discuss the remarkable success of our rather ``low resolution'' method of estimating spectral shape and present plans for follow-up studies of the as yet unidentified sources.
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14.443286
6.230476
1998-06-01
8
1998AJ....115.2587T
[ "ultrasoft X-ray emission", "selected sources", "interesting objects", "stellar objects", "objects", "cataclysmic variables", "galaxy clusters", "spectral shape", "present plans", "active galactic nuclei" ]
[ "STARS: BINARIES: CLOSE", "STARS: PULSARS: GENERAL", "SURVEYS", "STARS: WHITE DWARFS", "X-RAYS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300382" ]
[ "Thompson, R. J.", "Shelton, R. G.", "Arning, C. A." ]
[ "McMurry University, Box 38, McM Station, Abilene, TX 79697", "McMurry University, Box 38, McM Station, Abilene, TX 79697", "McMurry University, Box 38, McM Station, Abilene, TX 79697" ]
[ "2001ApJ...561..189P", "2002A&A...388..100K", "2002ApJ...579..148C", "2003IAUS..214...70L", "2004MNRAS.355.1143M", "2006AJ....132..866R", "2008A&A...489..517Y", "2009A&A...495..121M" ]
[ "1981ApJ...245..163V", "1984MNRAS.206..879C", "1987ApJ...323..243W", "1989ApJ...345..451C", "1990ApJS...72..567G", "1990ixra.conf..273C", "1991ApJS...76..813S", "1991eua..coll...30C", "1992ApJ...394L..21F", "1992ApJS...81..661C", "1992Natur.357..222H", "1993A&A...276..117H", "1993ApJ...414..867A", "1993ApJ...415..286H", "1993PNAOJ...3..169T", "1994ApJ...420..136T", "1994ApJ...422..118B", "1994ApJ...425...57E", "1994ApJ...434...54T", "1994MNRAS.270..692R", "1995A&A...302..658S", "1995ApJ...442..105D", "1995ApJ...446..331D", "1996A&A...310..384G", "1996A&A...316..147F", "1996AAS...188.1805C", "1996ApJ...461..622H", "1996IAUC.6420....2V", "1997A&A...322..167B", "1997PASP..109..345D" ]
2087022
null
The evolution of galactic discs
We use recent observations of high-redshift galaxies to study the evolution of galactic discs over the redshift range 0&lt;z&lt;~1. The data are inconsistent with models in which discs were already assembled at z=1 and have evolved only in luminosity since that time. Assuming that disc properties change with redshift as powers of 1+ z and analysing the observations assuming an Einstein-de Sitter universe, we find that for given rotation speed, disc scalelength decreases with z as ~(1+z)^-1, total B-band mass-to-light ratio decreases with z as ~(1+z)^-1, and disc luminosity (again in B) depends only weakly on z. These scalings are consistent with current data on the evolution of disc galaxy abundance as a function of size and luminosity. Both the scalings and the abundance evolution are close to the predictions of hierarchical models for galaxy formation. If different cosmogonies are compared, the observed evolution in disc size and disc abundance favours a flat low-Omega_0 universe over an Einstein-de Sitter universe.
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11.268856
6.568825
1998-07-01
105
1998MNRAS.297L..71M
[ "disc galaxy abundance", "disc luminosity", "disc abundance", "disc size", "disc scalelength", "galactic discs", "disc properties", "discs", "galaxy formation", "z" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "DARK MATTER" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01766.x" ]
[ "Mao, Shude", "Mo, H. J.", "White, Simon D. M." ]
[ "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany" ]
[ "1998ApJ...507..601V", "1998MNRAS.300..773W", "1998Natur.395A...3E", "1998astro.ph..9131A", "1999A&A...343..751P", "1999ASPC..191..325S", "1999ASPC..193..191L", "1999ASPC..193..353T", "1999Ap&SS.269..323A", "1999ApJ...513..555S", "1999ApJ...518L..83M", "1999ApJ...519..563S", "1999MNRAS.302..111L", "1999MNRAS.303..423B", "1999MNRAS.304..175M", "1999MNRAS.304..465M", "1999astro.ph..4187M", "2000ASPC..197..145M", "2000ASPC..197..439S", "2000AstL...26..485R", "2000MNRAS.313..310Z", "2000MNRAS.317..720B", "2000MNRAS.318..163M", "2000MNRAS.319..168C", "2000PASP..112.1526L", "2000RSPTA.358.2093C", "2000astro.ph..2213Z", "2001A&A...367..788F", "2001A&A...369..421B", "2001ApJ...555..106L", "2001ApJ...555..240B", "2001ApJ...555..301M", "2001ApJ...562L..35V", "2001MNRAS.320L...7C", "2001MNRAS.324..313S", "2001MNRAS.325..321B", "2001MNRAS.325..781F", "2001MNRAS.327..895S", "2001PABei..19S..84M", "2001astro.ph.11001C", "2002ApJ...568..522B", "2002ApJ...574L.129S", "2002ApJ...581..799V", "2002MNRAS.332..422P", "2003Ap&SS.284..689B", "2003ApJ...591L..95L", "2003ApJ...592L..13S", "2003ApJ...593..640B", "2003IJMPD..12.1157T", "2003MNRAS.343..978S", "2003RMxAC..17..107F", "2003astro.ph.10440C", "2004A&A...420...97B", "2004A&A...427L..17P", "2004ASSL..319..405S", "2004ApJ...603..363B", "2004ApJ...604..521T", "2004ApJ...607L..75E", "2004ApJ...614L...1L", "2004ApJS..155...15S", "2004AstL...30..283F", "2004MNRAS.355...82T", "2004PASA...21..344D", "2005ApJ...623L.105D", "2005ApJ...628..637N", "2005ApJS..157..228S", "2005MNRAS.360...81D", "2005MNRAS.363..131P", "2006ApJ...640..751C", "2006MNRAS.366..899N", "2006MNRAS.373.1125B", "2007ApJS..172..434S", "2007MNRAS.378L...6B", "2007MNRAS.382..641S", "2008A&A...492...31D", "2008AJ....136.1866K", "2008ApJ...672..776S", "2008IAUS..255..226H", "2009ApJ...690.1452N", "2009ApJ...694..396B", "2009MNRAS.396.1675F", "2010ASPC..432...17B", "2010PhR...495...33B", "2011A&A...532A.118P", "2011ApJ...728...51B", "2011MNRAS.410.1660D", "2011MNRAS.411..584M", "2011arXiv1102.2186M", "2012MNRAS.423L.112F", "2013MNRAS.435..623V", "2013PASA...30...56G", "2014SAAS...37..145M", "2015MNRAS.451.2324P", "2016A&A...592A..64B", "2017ApJ...841...32Z", "2017MNRAS.464.4176W", "2017MNRAS.468L..31D", "2018MNRAS.480..681O", "2019A&A...623A.122P", "2019ApJS..244....3D", "2019MNRAS.486.4545F", "2019MNRAS.489.4135D", "2019PhRvD..99l3532Y", "2021A&A...646A..53P", "2024arXiv240608934S" ]
[ "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1984ApJS...56..105K", "1985ApJS...59..115K", "1988ApJ...330..579P", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1992ApJ...387...47P", "1994A&AS..107..419D", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1996A&AS..118..557D", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ApJ...460L...1L", "1996ApJ...464...79S", "1996ApJ...465L..15V", "1996ApJS..103..363C", "1997AJ....113...53G", "1997AJ....114.2402C", "1997ApJ...479L.121V", "1998ApJ...500...75L", "1998MNRAS.295..319M" ]
2087024
null
HST Planetary Camera images of quasar host galaxies
We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of seven low-redshift quasars (six taken with the Planetary Camera, one with the Wide Field Camera). These complete the sample of 14 quasars observed by the Faint Object Camera Investigation Definition Team (FOC IDT). Following subtraction of the quasar nuclear light, host galaxies can be seen in all seven cases. A combination of the optical morphology and luminosity profiles of the residual host galaxies and the results of 2D cross-correlation model fitting implies that five of the objects have elliptical host galaxies and two have disc host galaxies. The luminosities vary from slightly fainter than L^* to about 1.3 mag brighter than L^*. We discuss the properties of the complete sample of 14 quasars. Nine of the objects appear to have elliptical host galaxies (all six of the radio-loud quasars in the sample as well as three radio-quiet quasars). Two further radio-quiet quasars appear to lie in disc galaxies. The other three objects (radio-quiet, ultraluminous infrared quasars) all lie in violently interacting systems. The sample as a whole has an average luminosity about 0.8 mag brighter than L^*, although the radio-loud objects have hosts on average 0.7 mag brighter than the radio-quiet objects. We compare our results with those from HST imaging of quasars by other authors. Taken together, our observations are in broad agreement with those of Bahcall et al. Radio-loud quasars appear to lie in luminous elliptical galaxies whereas radio-quiet quasars are found to lie in either elliptical or spiral hosts. Host galaxy luminosities (of radio-quiet and radio-loud quasars) are much brighter than would be expected if they followed a Schechter luminosity function.
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15.055212
6.502353
1998-07-01
89
1998MNRAS.298..121B
[ "Host galaxy luminosities", "elliptical host galaxies", "host galaxies", "quasars", "luminous elliptical galaxies", "disc galaxies", "luminosity profiles", "hosts", "radio-quiet quasars", "Radio-loud quasars" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI: QUASARS: GENERAL" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01617.x" ]
[ "Boyce, P. J.", "Disney, M. J.", "Blades, J. C.", "Boksenberg, A.", "Crane, P.", "Deharveng, J. M.", "Macchetto, F. D.", "Mackay, C. D.", "Sparks, W. B." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff, CF2 3YB", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales Cardiff, PO Box 913, Cardiff, CF2 3YB", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA", "University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA", "European Southern Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, D-8046 Garching bei München, Germany", "Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale du CNRS, Traverse du Siphon, Les Trois Lucs, F-13012 Marseille, France", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA", "University of Cambridge, Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA" ]
[ "1999AdSpR..23.1131K", "1999Ap&SS.269..269M", "1999ApJ...510L...7L", "1999ApJ...511L..67M", "1999ApJ...512..125S", "1999ApJS..123..351L", "1999IAUS..194...97O", "1999MNRAS.302L..39B", "1999PASP..111..385T", "1999astro.ph..4106L", "1999astro.ph..5118S", "1999astro.ph.10089D", "2000A&A...364...70K", "2000A&ARv..10...81V", "2000AJ....119.1534C", "2000ASPC..209..209C", "2000Ap.....43..141E", "2000ApJ...532..816U", "2000ApJ...537..654E", "2000ApJ...543..599C", "2000MNRAS.311..576K", "2000MNRAS.311..833C", "2000MNRAS.315..498S", "2000MNRAS.316..204H", "2000MNRAS.318..693M", "2000Msngr.101...15F", "2000PASJ...52..577A", "2001A&A...371...97M", "2001ASPC..232..123S", "2001ASPC..240..111L", "2001ApJ...546..782M", "2001ApJ...547...90H", "2001ApJ...547..124F", "2001ApJ...552..120L", "2001ApJ...555..719C", "2001ApJ...557..578F", "2001ApJ...563..546C", "2001MNRAS.321..515M", "2001MNRAS.322..843P", "2001MNRAS.323..231W", "2001MNRAS.326.1333F", "2001MNRAS.326.1533K", "2001MNRAS.327..199M", "2001astro.ph..4124F", "2001astro.ph.10027F", "2001qarr.conf...96M", "2001qarr.conf..116C", "2001sgnf.conf...88V", "2002A&A...393..793S", "2002ASPC..258..303T", "2002ApJ...568...71S", "2002ApJ...576...61H", "2002ApJ...580...96O", "2002IAUS..199..122L", "2002MNRAS.329..605F", "2002MNRAS.331..569S", "2002NewAR..46..349U", "2002luml.conf..277C", "2003A&A...404..883O", "2003A&A...409..887W", "2003ASPC..299..279F", "2003ApJ...596..830P", "2003MNRAS.340.1095D", "2003MNRAS.343..505F", "2003dhst.symp..198M", "2003mglh.conf...85T", "2004ASSL..319..241L", "2004ApJ...604..495F", "2004MNRAS.347.1241S", "2004MNRAS.348.1035I", "2004MNRAS.355..196F", "2005A&A...443...61O", "2006AJ....132.1496Z", "2006MNRAS.373..551L", "2008A&A...478..321B", "2008ApJ...678...22H", "2008ApJ...679.1047K", "2008ApJS..179..283K", "2008MNRAS.387.1237D", "2009A&A...507..757K", "2009ApJ...703.1663K", "2010MNRAS.402.2441D", "2011MNRAS.416..650S", "2013ApJ...768...37C", "2013arXiv1303.5095F", "2014MNRAS.438..217Y", "2017ApJS..232...21K", "2019MNRAS.483.3036O", "2023ApJ...955...15T" ]
[ "1973ApJ...179L..61K", "1981ApJ...247..750W", "1981MNRAS.195..397F", "1982ApJ...257L...1T", "1982ApJ...262...48H", "1982ApJ...262..497W", "1984AJ.....89..958H", "1984ApJ...278...11G", "1984ApJ...280...41H", "1984ApJ...280...66M", "1985ApJ...293..120B", "1985ApJ...297..492B", "1986ApJ...306...64S", "1987AJ.....94.1461Y", "1987ApJ...316..584S", "1988ApJ...327L..41L", "1989AJ.....98..419V", "1989ApJ...340L...1L", "1989ApJ...341...41R", "1989ApJ...342..660H", "1990A&A...236...69V", "1990AJ.....99.1715H", "1992AJ....104....1H", "1992MNRAS.256..673P", "1993A&A...280..694B", "1993ASPC...52..530K", "1993MNRAS.264..455D", "1993cqan.book.....V", "1994AJ....108.1163K", "1994ApJ...420...58M", "1994ApJ...429L...1H", "1994ApJ...431..137M", "1994ApJ...435L...3T", "1994ApJ...435L..11B", "1995AJ....109.1541H", "1995ApJ...447L...1B", "1995ApJ...450..486B", "1995Natur.376..150D", "1995PASP..107..156H", "1995PASP..107..945F", "1995PASP..107.1065H", "1996AJ....111..645F", "1996ApJ...457..557B", "1996ApJ...464...60L", "1996ApJ...468..469F", "1996ApJ...473..760B", "1996MNRAS.283..930T", "1997ApJ...479..642B", "1997ApJ...480L..95H" ]
2065349
null
Star Formation in and Evolution of the Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy UGC 6456 Determined from Hubble Space Telescope Images
Photometry on the UVI system has been performed on the resolved stellar content of the blue compact dwarf galaxy UGC 6456 using Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting color-magnitude diagram (CMD) goes to about V = 27.5 and reveals not only a young population of blue main-sequence stars and blue and red supergiants, but also an older evolved population of red giants and a fairly well represented asymptotic giant branch. The distance to the galaxy is estimated from the tip of the red giant branch to be 4.5 Mpc, placing it about 1.5 Mpc farther away than the major members of the M81 Group, with which it is usually associated. The youngest stars are generally associated with H ii regions shown on our Hα image and are largely confined to the 745 pc field of our PC images. A comparison of their distribution in the CMD with theoretical isochrones suggests ages from 4 to 10 Myr. The population of older stars is found throughout all WFPC2 camera fields and seems to show an elliptical distribution with an aspect ratio of about 2.4 and an exponential falloff in surface density with distance from a center of symmetry that is not far from the centroid of the youngest stars. Theoretical modeling of the CMD at a metallicity of Z = 0.001 suggests star formation in the age interval 1-2 Gyr, a strong burst in the interval 600-800 Myr, and a lower rate of star formation up to the present. The evidence is compatible with a scenario beginning with the formation of a population of low-metallicity stars, enriching a major residual of prestellar material that subsequently fueled an active episode of star formation. That burst of star formation must have been particularly spectacular and may be related to the activity we now see in the distant blue dwarf galaxies revealed in deep imaging. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
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10.805379
8.202439
1998-07-01
83
1998AJ....116..146L
[ "star formation", "older stars", "ESA Hubble Space Telescope", "red giants", "blue main-sequence stars", "galaxy", "CMD", "low-metallicity stars", "H ii regions", "the distant blue dwarf galaxies" ]
[ "STARS: COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS", "GALAXIES: DWARF", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: UGC 6456", "GALAXIES: IRREGULAR", "STARS: AGB AND POST-AGB" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300409" ]
[ "Lynds, Roger", "Tolstoy, Eline", "O'Neil, Earl J., Jr.", "Hunter, Deidre A." ]
[ "Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatoires, Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726", "Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatoires, Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726", "Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001" ]
[ "1999AJ....117.2789H", "1999AJ....118.2705S", "1999Ap&SS.265..199T", "1999ApJ...519...55Y", "1999ApJ...525..709S", "1999IAUS..192..218T", "1999IAUS..192..304A", "1999IAUS..193..418H", "1999astro.ph..1245T", "1999cezh.conf..167T", "2000A&A...363..117K", "2000A&AS..142..247P", "2000AJ....119.2757V", "2000AJ....120.1713S", "2000ApJ...545L..31C", "2000MNRAS.319...17L", "2000astro.ph.10028T", "2001A&AT...20..221S", "2001AJ....121..169F", "2001AJ....121.2003V", "2001AJ....121.3007S", "2001ApJ...559..225H", "2001MNRAS.322..658T", "2001MNRAS.324..249D", "2001MNRAS.325..385T", "2001MNRAS.327..918T", "2001MmSAI..72..773S", "2002A&A...383..125K", "2002A&A...393..461P", "2002AJ....123.1454B", "2002AJ....123.2438S", "2002AJ....124..213M", "2002AJ....124..896S", "2002ApJ...567..258C", "2002ApJ...567..875I", "2002ApJ...567..896L", "2002RMxAC..12..195S", "2003A&A...401..863T", "2003AJ....125..146L", "2003AJ....126.2752A", "2003AJ....126.2806C", "2003Ap&SS.284..651T", "2003ApJ...587..186W", "2003ApJ...593..312C", "2003ApJ...596..253S", "2003MSAIS...3..137T", "2003dhst.symp..128T", "2004AJ....128..617T", "2004AJ....128.2170H", "2004ApJ...606..869B", "2004ApJ...616..768I", "2004MmSAI..75..103T", "2005ARep...49..501T", "2005ApJ...622..217W", "2005ApJ...627..739T", "2005MNRAS.358.1423O", "2005MNRAS.358.1453O", "2006AJ....132.1834O", "2006ARep...50..517T", "2006ApJ...647..970L", "2006AstL...32..149T", "2006AstL...32..361L", "2007ASPC..374..221T", "2007arXiv0707.3057T", "2008ARep...52...19T", "2009AJ....137.3009C", "2009AJ....138..169A", "2009IAUS..258...61T", "2010AdAst2010E...3C", "2011AJ....141...68Z", "2011AJ....142...82S", "2011ASPC..445..463T", "2011ApJ...741...10K", "2011AstBu..66..293E", "2011EAS....48....3T", "2012AJ....144..134H", "2012ApJ...747..105E", "2012MNRAS.423.1831M", "2013A&A...557A..95R", "2013AJ....146..104H", "2013PASP..125..600M", "2017AJ....153..132A", "2018AJ....156...21H" ]
[ "1955ApJ...121..161S", "1974A&A....30...21C", "1975MNRAS.170..475S", "1977AJ.....82..337S", "1977ApJ...218..377W", "1980ApJ...240...41F", "1981AJ.....86..161G", "1981ApJ...246...38T", "1981ApJ...247..823T", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1986PASP...98....5H", "1987ApJ...317..190M", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1987SRToh...7..353K", "1987sbge.proc..151T", "1988AJ.....96.1248F", "1988ApJ...334..665F", "1990AJ....100..162D", "1990PASP..102..806H", "1991AJ....102..951T", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991sabc.conf..441K", "1992A&AS...96..269S", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1993A&AS..101..415C", "1993ApJ...417..553L", "1994A&A...291L..13P", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994AJ....108..507S", "1994ApJ...425L...9G", "1995AJ....110.1129L", "1995ApJ...438....8S", "1995ApJ...438..188M", "1995ApJ...444..663S", "1995ApJ...448..179H", "1995PASP..107..156H", "1995RMxAC...3....1H", "1996A&AS..120..207P", "1996ApJ...456..174H", "1996ApJ...458..100B", "1996ApJ...461..713S", "1996ApJ...462..672T", "1996ApJ...466..150V", "1997ApJS..108....1I", "1998ApJ...493L..23S" ]
2087054
null
Possible formation scenarios for the giant HI envelope around the NGC 4490/4485 system
We present observations of Hi in the nearby interacting galaxies NGC 4490 and 4485 made with the VLA in both C and D arrays. The galaxies are embedded in an extensive envelope of neutral hydrogen which is elongated in a direction approximately perpendicular to the plane of NGC 4490, with an extent of about 56kpc. We argue that this distribution of neutral hydrogen can best be explained by a galactic-scale bipolar outflow of Hi driven by supernovae in NGC 4490. The flow from the disc appears to be reasonably well collimated and has probably persisted for approximately 6x10^8yr. The implications for galaxy evolution when such mass loss occurs are briefly discussed.
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11.696897
8.026403
1998-07-01
33
1998MNRAS.297.1015C
[ "neutral hydrogen", "galaxy evolution", "such mass loss occurs", "NGC", "the nearby interacting galaxies", "Hi", "^", "observations", "supernovae", "8yr" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 4485", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 4490", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES" ]
2
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01510.x" ]
[ "Clemens, M. S.", "Alexander, P.", "Green, D. A." ]
[ "Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE", "Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE", "Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE" ]
[ "1999MNRAS.307..481C", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000MNRAS.312..236C", "2001ASPC..234..569R", "2001Ap&SS.276..451C", "2002MNRAS.333...39C", "2002MNRAS.337..677R", "2008ApJS..177..465F", "2008MNRAS.389..955P", "2010AJ....139.1212S", "2010ASPC..423..257S", "2010ApJ...721L..97B", "2010ApJ...722..760Y", "2010ApJ...723.1375R", "2010arXiv1001.0989S", "2011AJ....141..125A", "2011PhDT........53B", "2012MNRAS.421.2109B", "2015ApJ...805....2S", "2016ApJ...825...20B", "2016MNRAS.459..683N", "2016MNRAS.459.1827P", "2017NatAs...1E..25S", "2018MNRAS.475.2415Z", "2018MNRAS.476.5127R", "2018MNRAS.480.3069P", "2019ApJ...887..112C", "2020ApJ...891...11L", "2022MNRAS.516..477S", "2023MNRAS.523.3905L", "2024MNRAS.528.2805K", "2024MNRAS.529..953M", "2024MNRAS.529.1507A" ]
[ "1974ApJ...193..309R", "1977ApJ...217..928H", "1977MNRAS.178..577C", "1978A&A....65...37W", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1979A&A....71..131V", "1979A&A....74..138H", "1979ApJ...229...83H", "1980A&A....81..167S", "1980A&A....82..207V", "1980A&A....91..341H", "1980AJ.....85.1155G", "1980ApJ...236..577B", "1980ApJ...238..510B", "1980ApJ...238L...7M", "1981A&A...100...72H", "1982A&A...115..293S", "1983IAUS..100...99V", "1984MNRAS.210..497S", "1986A&A...169...54C", "1987AJ.....93..816K", "1989ASPC....6..341V", "1989ApJ...339..803T", "1990ApJ...352..506H", "1991A&A...244L..29K", "1991A&A...250..484W", "1991ApJ...382..182L", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1993A&A...268...14K", "1994PASJ...46..431S", "1995A&A...293..703M", "1995ApJ...448...98H" ]
2087034
null
An extreme example of a radio relic in Abell 4038
A radio source with a spectral index of -2.2 between 0.08 and 1.425GHz has been observed at the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.425GHz with resolution~3 arcsec. The projected linear length of the source is 56 kpc with an average projected distance of 42 kpc from the centroid of the rich southern cluster Abell 4038, assuming the source is in the cluster. The physical parameters of the source include a high minimum-energy field (B_me) of 38muG, which is unusual for a source of low surface brightness and relaxed appearance, but is explained by its unusually steep spectrum. Although its radio morphology has some characteristics of a narrow-angle-tail source (NAT), the absence of an identified host galaxy (m_R&gt;=23.0) makes it unlikely that the source is a working radio galaxy. The relic is probably the remains of an FR II radio galaxy that was once energized by a particular bright cluster elliptical now 18 kpc to its east. The density of the intracluster gas has been sufficient to confine the source and preserve its morphology, permitting the source to age and its spectrum to steepen through synchrotron and inverse Compton energy losses.
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14.416789
4.844972
1998-07-01
28
1998MNRAS.297L..86S
[ "low surface brightness", "A radio source", "relaxed appearance", "an FR II radio galaxy", "a working radio galaxy", "resolution~3 arcsec", "a source", "the source", "synchrotron and inverse Compton energy losses", "the rich southern cluster Abell" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: HALOES", "GALAXIES: JETS", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01739.x" ]
[ "Slee, O. B.", "Roy, A. L." ]
[ "Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia", "National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA" ]
[ "1999PASP..111..385T", "2001A&A...366...26E", "2001AJ....122.1172S", "2001APh....16...47M", "2001cghr.confE..56C", "2002A&A...383..423E", "2002IAUS..199..153A", "2002astro.ph..6310E", "2004PASA...21...23O", "2006AJ....131.2900C", "2006AN....327..553C", "2009ApJ...694.1317O", "2009ApJ...697.1597H", "2009ApJ...704..240K", "2010A&A...510A..82L", "2010A&A...513A..37H", "2011MNRAS.410.1797S", "2012ApJ...744...46K", "2012MNRAS.427.3468B", "2014MNRAS.441.1260J", "2018MNRAS.477..957D", "2018MNRAS.478.5473L", "2019MNRAS.484.2807L", "2019SSRv..215...16V", "2020PASA...37...37D", "2021PASA...38...10D", "2023Galax..11...74M", "2024Galax..12...19V" ]
[ "1973AuJPh..26..389F", "1977MNRAS.180..465M", "1978A&A....68..449V", "1978ApJ...221...34C", "1980ARA&A..18..165M", "1984PASA....5..516S", "1988MNRAS.234.1051G", "1988MNRAS.235.1177L", "1994ApJ...431..586G", "1994AuJPh..47..145S", "1995AJ....109..853L", "1995AJ....110.1959L", "1995AuJPh..48..143S", "1996ASPC..100..281E", "1996ASPC..100..341B", "1996AuJPh..49..977S", "1996MNRAS.281..799E", "1997A&A...317..432F", "1997A&A...321...55D", "1997A&A...322...53P", "1997MNRAS.290..577R" ]
2087038
null
Frequency map analysis of the orbital structure in elliptical galaxies
We present an application of the frequency map analysis to an elliptical galaxy which is represented by a generalization of a double-power-law spherical mass model. The density distribution of this model varies as r^-gamma close to the centre and as r^-4 at large radii. We study the case with gamma=1, which is known as the `weak-cusp' model and which represents well the density profile of the `core' galaxies observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. The final objective of our work is to improve our understanding of the dynamics of elliptical galaxies in a similar way to Merritt &amp; Fridman, finding the regions of stochasticity, looking for resonances that might play an important role in sustaining the triaxial morphology, and analysing the diffusion of orbits. To this end, we use the frequency map analysis of Laskar, which has been applied widely in the field of celestial mechanics but which is a relatively new technique in the area of galactic dynamics. Finally, we show some useful features of this method in understanding the global dynamical structure of the system.
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10.933947
5.933383
1998-07-01
25
1998MNRAS.298...22W
[ "elliptical galaxies", "galactic dynamics", "analysis", "celestial mechanics", "large radii", "the frequency map analysis", "an elliptical galaxy", "r^-gamma", "resonances", "stochasticity" ]
[ "CELESTIAL MECHANICS", "STELLAR DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01509.x" ]
[ "Wachlin, F. C.", "Ferraz-Mello, S." ]
[ "Institute Astronomico e Geofisico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Miguel Stefano 4200, CEP 04301-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil", "Institute Astronomico e Geofisico, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Miguel Stefano 4200, CEP 04301-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil" ]
[ "1999AJ....118.1177M", "1999ASPC..182..164M", "1999ASPC..182..178V", "1999CeMDA..73..195C", "2000A&AS..147..205C", "2001ASPC..228..550P", "2001ApJ...549..192P", "2001ApJ...549..862H", "2002ApJ...567..817H", "2002NewAR..46...13C", "2002SSRv..102...83H", "2003RMxAC..17..187P", "2004MNRAS.351...18B", "2006A&A...455..499C", "2006CeMDA..96...85M", "2006CeMDA..96..129C", "2007A&A...475..821T", "2007LNP...729..297E", "2008MNRAS.385..236V", "2009ASSP....8..203M", "2013MNRAS.429.2700M", "2013MNRAS.434.3174V", "2015ApJ...811...25L", "2023EPJST.232.3147G", "2023MNRAS.526..895C" ]
[ "1969efe..book.....C", "1975ApJ...200..439B", "1978MNRAS.183..501B", "1979ApJ...232..236S", "1982A&A...108...89M", "1982ApJ...252..308B", "1983A&A...117...89C", "1984MNRAS.206..159B", "1985MNRAS.216..467G", "1987NYASA.497...16S", "1989ApJ...339..752M", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1990Icar...88..266L", "1992ApJ...384..491L", "1992PhyD...56..253L", "1992mpcg.work..309M", "1992rcd..book.....L", "1993AJ....106.1371C", "1993ApJ...409..563S", "1993MNRAS.262.1062S", "1993MNRAS.265..250D", "1993Natur.361..608L", "1993Natur.361..615L", "1993PhRvL..70.2975D", "1993PhyD...67..257L", "1993segl.book.....C", "1994AJ....107..634T", "1994AJ....108.1567J", "1994AJ....108.1598F", "1994feg..conf..231D", "1995AJ....110.2622L", "1995ASPC...86...13M", "1995MNRAS.276..979M", "1995fveg.conf...13M", "1996A&A...307..427P", "1996ApJ...460..136M", "1996ApJ...471...82M", "1997MNRAS.285...49C", "1998A&A...329..451P" ]
2090402
null
Anisotropies and the Power Requirements for Galactic Cosmic Rays
Measurements of cosmic ray directional properties at about 10<SUP>15</SUP> eV in both northern and southern hemispheres confirm that those particles have a unidirectional anisotropy and are flowing along the direction of our spiral arm from the inner Galactic regions. On the basis of diffusive cosmic ray flow along the Galactic arms, the power required for the Galaxy to maintain this flow is below 10<SUP>30</SUP> W.
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6.180061
0.840691
1998-07-01
9
1998PASA...15..208C
[ "diffusive cosmic ray flow", "cosmic ray directional properties", "Galaxy", "SUP>15</SUP", "our spiral arm", "the Galactic arms", "the inner Galactic regions", "Measurements", "a unidirectional anisotropy", "both northern and southern hemispheres" ]
[ "ISM", "COSMIC RAYS", "ISM: cosmic rays" ]
0
[ "10.1071/AS98208" ]
[ "Clay, R. W.", "McDonough, M. -A.", "Smith, A. G. K.", "Dawson, B. R." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia", "Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia", "Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia", "Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia" ]
[ "2000APh....12..249C", "2001PASA...18..148C", "2002APh....18..151E", "2002JPhG...28.2225E", "2002PASA...19..228C", "2003PThPS.151...74C", "2004CRPhy...5..473C", "2004PASA...21....1P", "2005JPhG...31.1475E" ]
[ "1954PPSA...67..996F", "1957JATP...11..291C", "1957PPSB...70..840F", "1960P&SS....2..187E", "1969SciAm.220b..50G", "1969epic.book.....G", "1972ApL....12..237A", "1972Natur.235...25S", "1986PASA....6..425J", "1986PASAu...6..425J", "1989AuJPh..42..465B", "1996PASA...13..121C", "1997AuJPh..50..827S", "1997ICRC....4..185C" ]
1213431
astro-ph/9802350
Measuring Omega_0 using cluster evolution
The evolution of the abundance of galaxy clusters depends sensitively on the value of the cosmological density parameter, Omega_0. Recent ASCA data are used to quantify this evolution as measured by the cluster X-ray temperature function. A chi^2 minimization fit to the cumulative temperature function, as well as a maximum-likelihood estimate (which requires additional assumptions about cluster luminosities), leads to the estimate Omega_0~0.45+/-0.25 (1sigma statistical error). Various systematic uncertainties are considered, none of which significantly enhances the probability that Omega_0=1. These conclusions hold for models with or without a cosmological constant, i.e., with Lambda_0=0 or Lambda_0=1-Omega_0. The statistical uncertainties are at least as large as any of the individual systematic errors that have been considered here, suggesting that additional temperature measurements of distant clusters will allow an improvement in this estimate. An alternative method that uses the highest redshift clusters to place an upper limit on Omega_0 is also presented and tentatively applied, with the result that Omega_01 can be ruled out at the 98 per cent confidence level. Whilst this method does not require a well-defined statistical sample of distant clusters, there are still modelling uncertainties that preclude a firmer conclusion at this time.
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12.880768
4.38972
1998-08-01
276
1998MNRAS.298.1145E
[ "distant clusters", "cluster luminosities", "galaxy clusters", "additional temperature measurements", "Various systematic uncertainties", "the cluster X-ray temperature function", "additional assumptions", "uncertainties", "Omega_0", "the highest redshift clusters" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01713.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9802350" ]
[ "Eke, Vincent R.", "Cole, Shaun", "Frenk, Carlos S.", "Patrick Henry, J." ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA" ]
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[ "1974ApJ...187..425P", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986MNRAS.222..323K", "1988MNRAS.235..715E", "1989ApJ...341L..71E", "1990ApJ...351...10F", "1990ApJ...363..349E", "1990MNRAS.245..559E", "1991ApJ...367...69W", "1991ApJ...372..410H", "1991ApJ...383...95E", "1991ApJ...383..104K", "1992A&A...262L..21O", "1992ApJ...386..408H", "1992ApJ...386L..33L", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1993ApJ...412..479D", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1994ApJ...428..405B", "1994ApJ...429....4C", "1994ApJ...437..564M", "1994ApJS...94..583G", "1994MNRAS.271..676L", "1995ApJ...445L..77L", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...468...79D", "1996ApJ...469..494E", "1996ApJ...472..460F", "1996MNRAS.281..716C", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1997A&A...317....1O", "1997ApJ...475...20L", "1997ApJ...478..462C", "1997ApJ...479...70S", "1997ApJ...479L..19C", "1997ApJ...479L.101E", "1997ApJ...481L..63M", "1997ApJ...482L..13M", "1997ApJ...485L..53B", "1997ApJ...488..566C", "1997ApJ...488L..83B", "1997ApJ...489L...1H", "1997ApJ...490..557K", "1997MNRAS.287..817V", "1997MNRAS.288..355B", "1997NewA....2..119B", "1998A&A...329...21S", "1998A&A...332L..49B", "1998ApJ...492L..21R", "1998ApJ...495...80B", "1998ApJ...498...60P", "1998ApJ...503..569E", "1998FCPh...19..157M", "1998MNRAS.294..705K", "1998MNRAS.295..769M", "1998MNRAS.296..392A", "1998MNRAS.297L..57A", "1999ApJ...518..521R" ]
11643795
astro-ph/9712184
Modelling galaxy clustering at high redshift
We discuss the theoretical interpretation of observational data concerning the clustering of galaxies at high redshifts. Building on the theoretical machinery developed by Matarrese et al., we make detailed quantitative predictions of galaxy clustering statistics for a variety of cosmological models, taking into account differences in spatial geometry and initial fluctuation spectra and exploring the role of bias as a complicating factor in these calculations. We demonstrate that the usual description of evolution (in terms of the parameters epsilon and r_0) is not useful for realistic galaxy clustering models. We compare the detailed predictions of the variation of correlation functions with redshift against current observational data to constrain available models of structure formation. Theories that fit the present-day abundance of rich clusters are generally compatible with the observed redshift evolution of galaxy clustering if galaxies are no more than slightly biased at z~1. We also discuss the interpretation of a concentration of Lyman-break galaxies found by Steidel et al., coming to the conclusion that such concentrations are not unexpected in `standard' models of structure formation.
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12.26583
4.856309
1998-08-01
129
1998MNRAS.299...95M
[ "realistic galaxy clustering models", "galaxy clustering", "galaxy clustering statistics", "galaxies", "cosmological models", "Steidel et al", "current observational data", "available models", "al.", "detailed quantitative predictions" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: HALOES", "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01728.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9712184" ]
[ "Moscardini, Lauro", "Coles, Peter", "Lucchin, Francesco", "Matarrese, Sabino" ]
[ "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy", "Astronomy Unit, School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary &amp; Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS", "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy", "Dipartimento di Fisica G. Galilei, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy" ]
[ "1998ASPC..146....9C", "1998ApJ...500L..79T", "1998MNRAS.300..183C", "1999A&A...346..359P", "1999A&A...349..354S", "1999ASPC..176..341L", "1999ApJ...510...32M", "1999ApJ...518L..69T", "1999ApJ...520..437K", "1999ApJ...521L...5C", "1999ApJ...523...32C", "1999ApJ...523..463K", "1999ApJ...527..488Y", "1999MNRAS.304..175M", "1999MNRAS.305..151R", "1999MNRAS.305L..21B", "1999MNRAS.306..538R", "1999MNRAS.306..943M", "1999MNRAS.307..703R", "1999MNRAS.310..540A", "1999elss.conf..261K", "1999elss.conf..321C", "1999ldss.work..216L", "2000A&A...354..815S", "2000ARA&A..38..667F", "2000ASPC..200...34A", "2000ASPC..200..129C", "2000ASPC..200..319M", "2000ASPC..200..364M", "2000ApJ...528...30M", "2000ApJ...534....1S", "2000ApJ...534..551S", "2000ApJS..128....1N", "2000MNRAS.312..257H", "2000MNRAS.312..540B", "2000MNRAS.314..546M", "2000MNRAS.314..647M", "2000MNRAS.316..283M", "2000NuPhS..80C0906G", "2000PASJ...52..249S", "2000PhST...85...59T", "2000cucg.confE..49S", "2000fepc.conf..184C", "2001A&A...367...18H", "2001A&A...376..825D", "2001ApJ...554...85W", "2001ApJ...561L.143H", "2001MNRAS.320..289S", "2001MNRAS.325..483C", "2001MNRAS.325.1553M", "2001MNRAS.326..203B", "2001MNRAS.327..422M", "2001MNRAS.327..895S", "2001MmSAI..72..819M", "2001PASA...18...64F", "2001astro.ph..7597M", "2001astro.ph.11239P", "2001pteu.conf..217C", "2002A&A...384L...1D", "2002ASPC..253..189M", "2002ASPC..257..195S", "2002ApJ...581..876Z", "2002IJMPD..11..321M", "2002MNRAS.329..246B", "2002MNRAS.329..355A", "2002MNRAS.330..241M", "2002MNRAS.335..984M", "2002PABei..20..190S", "2003A&A...405...53O", "2003A&A...409..835F", "2003ASPC..301..379S", "2003ApJ...594...75K", "2003ApJ...596...67D", "2003MNRAS.338..623P", "2003MNRAS.342L..25M", "2003MNRAS.346..186M", "2003mglh.conf..130D", "2004AJ....127..592G", "2004ApJ...617..192M", "2004MNRAS.352..493N", "2004astro.ph..8440C", "2005A&A...430..811G", "2005A&A...432..771D", "2005A&A...442..801M", "2005ApJ...621....1G", "2005MNRAS.356..183B", "2006A&A...453..507G", "2006ApJ...641L..17F", "2006ApJ...643L.139F", "2006MNRAS.368..935N", "2006asup.book..285L", "2006tmgm.meet..422D", "2007A&A...475...83G", "2007ASPC..380..399F", "2007ApJ...654..138Q", "2007ApJ...667..760Z", "2007ApJ...668...15K", "2007JCAP...10..007C", "2007MNRAS.381.1437W", "2008MNRAS.386.2161R", "2008MNRAS.388.1473G", "2009A&A...494...33G", "2009A&A...500..667F", "2009JCAP...09..003X", "2009MNRAS.397.1125F", "2010A&ARv..18....1D", "2010ApJ...717L..17X", "2010MNRAS.404..532M", "2010MNRAS.404.1551S", "2011MNRAS.412L..93S", "2011PhRvD..83l3525B", "2012MNRAS.422..106P", "2012MNRAS.424..801R", "2012MNRAS.427.3044S", "2012PhRvD..85h3509C", "2012PhRvD..85l3501B", "2014JCAP...08..022R", "2014MNRAS.441.2725F", "2014MNRAS.443..799O", "2014PhRvD..89b3511G", "2015A&A...582A..58S", "2015JCAP...02..037S", "2015MNRAS.446..169M", "2015MNRAS.448.1389C", "2015MNRAS.453..242S", "2018MNRAS.476.2621P", "2018MNRAS.478.2999K", "2024A&A...687A.150S", "2024arXiv240602857S" ]
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11643560
astro-ph/9804032
Angular correlations between LBQS and APM: weak lensing by the large-scale structure
We detect a positive angular correlation between bright, high-redshift QSOs and foreground galaxies. The QSOs are taken from the optically selected LBQS Catalogue, while the galaxies are from the APM Survey. The correlation amplitude is about a few per cent on angular scales of over a degree. It is a function of QSO redshift and apparent magnitude, in a way expected from weak lensing, and inconsistent with QSO-galaxy correlations being caused by physical associations, or uneven obscuration by Galactic dust. The correlations are ascribed to the weak lensing effect of the foreground dark matter, which is traced by the APM galaxies. The amplitude of the effect found here is compared to the analytical predictions from the literature, and to the predictions of a phenomenological model, which is based on the observed counts-in-cells distribution of APM galaxies. While the latter agree reasonably well with the analytical predictions (namely those of Dolag &amp; Bartelmann and Sanz et al.), both underpredict the observed correlation amplitude on degree angular scales. We consider the possible ways to reconcile these observations with theory, and discuss the implications that these observations have on some aspects of extragalactic astronomy.
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12.913371
3.853179
1998-08-01
28
1998MNRAS.298..378W
[ "APM galaxies", "foreground galaxies", "degree angular scales", "Sanz et al.", "angular scales", "QSO redshift", "QSO-galaxy correlations", "uneven obscuration", "physical associations", "apparent magnitude" ]
[ "SURVEYS", "GALAXIES: GENERAL", "QUASARS: GENERAL", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01689.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9804032" ]
[ "Williams, Liliya L. R.", "Irwin, Mike" ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0EZ" ]
[ "1998LRR.....1...12W", "1999AJ....118..613N", "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999ApJ...525L...1B", "1999MNRAS.307L..17C", "2000AJ....119.2060N", "2000ApJ...535...37W", "2001AJ....121.2392N", "2001MNRAS.320..241B", "2001MNRAS.325..278G", "2001PASA...18..169C", "2001PhR...340..291B", "2001qarr.conf...77B", "2002A&A...386..784M", "2002A&ARv..10..263C", "2003A&A...403..817M", "2003ApJ...583..594W", "2003MNRAS.342..467M", "2003MNRAS.345...62J", "2004MNRAS.351.1387W", "2005ApJ...633..589S", "2005ApJ...634..793N", "2005BrJPh..35.1179G", "2005MNRAS.359..741M", "2007MNRAS.380..113M", "2009ApJ...706..657B", "2010CQGra..27w3001B", "2010RAA....10..533W" ]
[ "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1978ApJ...225...40B", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1982MNRAS.201..867H", "1988MNRAS.231..897B", "1989ApJ...339L..53N", "1990A&A...240...11F", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1992LNP...406..209H", "1992LNP...406..264N", "1993A&A...271..421B", "1993ApJ...406L..43H", "1993ApJ...417...19H", "1993ApJS...87....1B", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993Natur.361..134K", "1994A&A...284....1B", "1994A&A...290..399B", "1994AJ....107..451R", "1994IEEES...2...14I", "1995A&A...302....9S", "1995AJ....109.1498H", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...442..538L", "1995ApJ...448L..89B", "1995ApJ...451...24S", "1995MNRAS.272..705W", "1995MNRAS.273..257M", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...463..473I", "1996ApJ...464..141B", "1996MNRAS.280L..19P", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M", "1997AJ....114.1728F", "1997ApJ...475L..81W", "1997ApJ...477...27B", "1997MNRAS.284..885P", "1997MNRAS.291..418S", "1997MNRAS.291..446D", "1997MNRAS.292L..59W", "1998ApJ...493L..53G", "1998ApJ...494..503B" ]
2066692
null
The Hot Gas Filling Factor in Our Galaxy
Proceeding from the assumption that the hot interstellar gas component in our Galaxy is produced by supernova explosions and the associated stellar winds, we calculate its filling factor as a function of Galactic radius and height. The calculation is carried out numerically by following the time evolution of a realistic distribution of isolated supernova remnants and superbubbles in a stratified medium that includes thermal gas, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, and a gravitational field. Globally, the hot gas is found to occupy a rather small fraction of the interstellar volume. At the solar circle, this fraction is &lt;~20% at low altitude and falls off gradually above the dense gas layer. The outer Galaxy remains largely devoid of hot gas, whereas the inner Galaxy may contain a large-scale region (around R ~ 6.7 kpc, |Z| ~ 260 pc) entirely filled with hot gas.
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12.554297
8.056234
1998-08-01
73
1998ApJ...503..700F
[ "hot gas", "thermal gas", "isolated supernova remnants", "supernova explosions", "the hot interstellar gas component", "Galaxy", "magnetic fields", "low altitude", "cosmic rays", "Galactic radius" ]
[ "ISM: BUBBLES", "ISM: GENERAL", "ISM: STRUCTURE", "ISM: SUPERNOVA REMNANTS", "ISM: Bubbles", "ISM: General", "ISM: Structure", "ISM: Supernova Remnants" ]
1
[ "10.1086/306003" ]
[ "Ferrière, Katia" ]
[ "Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France" ]
[ "1999ASIC..540..411B", "1999ASPC..168..161D", "1999ASPC..168..303M", "1999ASPC..168..333F", "1999ApJ...518..748G", "1999ApJ...525..799W", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000AIPC..528..375L", "2000ApJ...532..943C", "2000MNRAS.315..479D", "2000MNRAS.318...58G", "2000PASJ...52..107H", "2001ApJ...551L..57D", "2001ApJ...553..796R", "2001ApJS..134..283S", "2001RvMP...73.1031F", "2001SSRv...99..231H", "2001agcr.book..231H", "2002A&A...386..347H", "2002ApJ...576L..41M", "2002ApJ...581.1061D", "2003ASPC..297...55D", "2003ApJ...584..797P", "2003RMxAC..15..290D", "2004A&A...418..131K", "2004A&A...420..501A", "2004A&A...425..899D", "2004AJ....128.2712D", "2004ASSL..315..331D", "2004Ap&SS.289..469C", "2004Ap&SS.292..207D", "2004JKAS...37..237K", "2005A&A...436..171G", "2005A&A...437..101E", "2005A&A...441..513K", "2005ARA&A..43..337C", "2005ApJ...628..738H", "2005ICRC....4..239D", "2006A&A...445..579J", "2006A&A...449..869P", "2006ApJ...638..206S", "2006ApJ...638..797D", "2006ApJ...653.1266J", "2006astro.ph..6031B", "2007A&A...463.1227K", "2007ApJ...659..365S", "2007ApJ...661..222R", "2007ApJS..169..269L", "2008A&A...478...17F", "2008ApJ...681.1148K", "2008MNRAS.386..642B", "2008PASA...25..184G", "2009ApJ...695..292C", "2009ApJ...699.1891L", "2010ApJ...721..547D", "2010NewA...15..198L", "2011PASJ...63S.889H", "2012SSRv..166..133H", "2013ASSP...34...91B", "2013lsmf.book..133H", "2015ApJ...802...99K", "2015ApJ...803....7S", "2015JPlPh..81f3903K", "2019MNRAS.487.3252H", "2020ApJS..249....2L", "2020ApJS..250....9S", "2020arXiv200702322L", "2021Ap&SS.366...94B", "2022ApJ...937..107C", "2022ApJ...939...59A", "2022MNRAS.512.1275V", "2023MNRAS.523.2351C", "2024A&A...686A.165C" ]
[ "1974ApJ...189L.105C", "1977ApJ...218..148M", "1978ApJ...220..107J", "1979ARA&A..17..213M", "1980ApJ...235..833H", "1982ApJ...263..777G", "1982phyn.book.....S", "1983ApJ...274..152V", "1986ARA&A..24..205W", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1987ARA&A..25..303C", "1987ASSL..129..531J", "1987ASSL..134..225S", "1987ApJ...317..190M", "1988ApJ...324..776M", "1989ApJ...337..141M", "1990ARA&A..28...71S", "1990ARA&A..28..657M", "1990ApJ...354..211S", "1991ApJ...375..239F", "1991ApJ...383..602F", "1991IAUS..144..201V", "1991Natur.351..629B", "1991Sci...252.1529S", "1992A&AS...96..269S", "1992ApJ...384..502R", "1992ApJ...401..206C", "1992ApJ...401..596L", "1992ApJS...83..147S", "1992gim..conf..157E", "1994ApJ...430..601S", "1994ApJ...434..599S", "1995ApJ...440..634R", "1995ApJ...441..281F", "1996A&A...312...67K", "1996ApJ...465..296H", "1996ApJ...468..102C", "1996ApJ...470..839R", "1998ApJ...497..759F" ]
2065603
null
Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Imaging of UGC 12695: A Remarkably Unevolved Galaxy at Low Redshift
Utilizing the F814W and F300W filters, short-exposure Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images were taken of UGC 12695, a nearby (z ~ 0.021) low surface brightness disk galaxy. UGC 12695 has an unusual morphology, consisting of a Y-shaped nucleus surrounded by a faint spiral arm with a number of bright H ii regions interspersed throughout the galaxy. Surface photometry indicates that the majority of recent star formation in this galaxy occurred in these very localized regions, most of which have a radius of &lt;~2". This uneven stellar distribution, combined with the galaxy's overall extremely blue color and low metallicity, indicates that UGC 12695 is an unevolved galaxy. Some of the structural peculiarities of this galaxy arise because a number of background galaxies, previously thought to be morphological components of this galaxy, are showing through both the outer nucleus and spiral arms of UGC 12695. Surface photometry of these galaxies shows them to be fairly small (alpha &lt; 1.8") disk galaxies with total magnitudes ranging from 19.6 through 24.2 mag and central surface brightnesses in the range 20.2 mag arcsec^-2 &lt;= mu(0) &lt;= 23.1 mag arcsec^-2. When possible, the U, B, V, and I colors of these galaxies were measured using ground-based images, which show the galaxies to be fairly red, indicating that they are likely at redshifts z &gt;= 0.5. Inclusion of them in the photometry of UGC 12695 makes the galaxy appear significantly redder. When these galaxies are masked out, the resultant U-I color of UGC 12695 is -0.2 +/- 0.1, making it perhaps the bluest galaxy ever measured in this color system and confirming its nature as a very unevolved galaxy at low redshift. Spectroscopy of these background galaxies, through the transparent disk of UGC 12695, may help to clarify its chemical evolution and current heavy-element content.
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11.02813
7.649962
1998-08-01
14
1998AJ....116..657O
[ "background galaxies", "UGC", "Surface photometry", "Hubble Space Telescope Wide", "bright H ii regions", "low redshift", "spiral arms", "an unevolved galaxy", "low metallicity", "these background galaxies" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: UGC 12695", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: MAGELLANIC CLOUDS" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300454" ]
[ "O'Neil, Karen", "Bothun, G. D.", "Impey, C. D.", "McGaugh, S." ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403", "Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403", "Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721", "Department of Physics, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854" ]
[ "1999AJ....118.1618O", "1999ASPC..170..145O", "1999ASPC..170..210O", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000AJ....119.2154O", "2000ASPC..215..178O", "2000ApJ...529..811O", "2000ApJS..128...99O", "2000astro.ph..9018M", "2001ASPC..240..263M", "2001ApJ...548..150M", "2002ASPC..254..202O", "2007ApJ...663..908R", "2011AdAst2011E..12S" ]
[ "1983PhDT.......154C", "1985AJ.....90.2487B", "1986AJ.....92.1007B", "1987ApJS...63..515L", "1990A&AS...82..391B", "1990ApJS...72..245S", "1992A&A...255...49K", "1992AJ....103...60M", "1992PhDT.........7M", "1994AJ....107..530M", "1994ApJ...426..135M", "1995AJ....109.2019M", "1995ApJ...453...48D", "1995PASP..107.1065H", "1995chst.conf..269W", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1997AJ....114.2448O", "1997ApJ...481..689M", "1997MNRAS.290..533D", "1997PASP..109..745B" ]
2087214
null
Numerical simulations of rotating cooling flows in galaxy cluster environments
We have used 2D numerical simulations to study the evolution of galaxy cluster cooling flows undergoing a rotational perturbation. We show that such rotations in the intracluster medium may arise from cluster/subcluster mergers. Our galaxy cluster initial conditions involve spherically symmetric, steady-state cooling flows with varying mass-dropout strengths. The rotational perturbation serves to break the symmetry for each of the initial cooling flows, resulting in the formation of thin, gaseous disc-like structure extending radially out to ~10 kpc. Disc-like structure formed for low mass-dropout strength simulations appears to contain cooling condensations whereas disc-like structure in higher mass-dropout strength simulations appears smooth. This is due to the influence of mass-dropout on the degree of cooling, which serves to reduce the strength of thermal instabilities by the removal of `cold' gas from the flow. Morphological comparisons of the disc-like structure formed in our simulations are made to structure observed in the X-ray emitting gas of A4059. Comparisons of the gas dynamics within the disc-like structure are also made to the solid-body rotation profile observed from emission-line gas within the central galaxy of Hydra A. The influence of grid effects on the simulations is also discussed.
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12.08592
7.349597
1998-08-01
3
1998MNRAS.298..697G
[ "galaxy cluster cooling flows", "2D numerical simulations", "low mass-dropout strength simulations", "higher mass-dropout strength simulations", "Disc-like structure", "disc-like structure", "cooling", "such rotations", "varying mass-dropout strengths", "Our galaxy cluster initial conditions" ]
[ "hydrodynamics", "instabilities", "galaxies: clusters: general", "cooling flows" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01631.x" ]
[ "Garasi, Christopher", "Loken, Chris", "Burns, Jack O.", "Roettiger, Kurt" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Box 30001/Department 4500, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA", "Department of Physics &amp;38 Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA", "Department of Physics &amp;38 Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA", "Department of Physics &amp;38 Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA" ]
[ "1999IAUS..191..321M", "2002A&A...382..804B", "2004ApJ...606..185C" ]
[ "1959ApJ...129..243S", "1976AJ.....81..807Y", "1976ApJ...204..290R", "1977ApJ...215..723C", "1977MNRAS.180..479F", "1981ApJ...244L..47M", "1984ApJ...278..536S", "1985ApJ...299...41H", "1985ApJS...59..447H", "1986ApJ...301..675R", "1987ApJ...318..629W", "1987ApJ...319..632M", "1987MNRAS.228..973T", "1988ASIC..229...31A", "1988ApJ...329...66D", "1988ApJ...334...59M", "1989ApJ...337...97D", "1989ApJ...338...48H", "1990ApJ...348...73S", "1990ApJ...349..471L", "1990MNRAS.242..399H", "1991A&ARv...2..191F", "1991AJ....102.1581B", "1991ApJ...372...25B", "1991MNRAS.248..630Y", "1992ApJ...388...64W", "1992ApJ...389L..59S", "1992ApJ...397L..31S", "1992ApJS...80..753S", "1992ApJS...80..791S", "1992MNRAS.258..177E", "1993ApJ...417..515L", "1994ApJ...428..544D", "1995ApJ...438..100K", "1995ApJ...438L..71P", "1995ApJ...442L...1D", "1995ApJ...447..559S", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1997ApJ...482..588R", "1998ApJ...496..670R" ]
11634141
astro-ph/9712192
Constraints on the Effects of Locally Biased Galaxy Formation
While it is well known that ``biased galaxy formation'' can increase the strength of galaxy clustering, it is less clear whether straightforward biasing schemes can change the shape of the galaxy correlation function on large scales. Here we consider ``local'' biasing models, in which the galaxy density field δ<SUB>g</SUB> at a point x is a function of the matter-density field δ at that point: δ<SUB>g</SUB> = f(δ). We consider both deterministic biasing, where f is simply a function, and stochastic biasing, in which the galaxy-density δ<SUB>g</SUB> is a random variable whose distribution depends on the matter density: δ<SUB>g</SUB> = X(δ). We show that even when this mapping is performed on a highly nonlinear density field with a hierarchical correlation structure, the correlation function ξ is simply scaled up by a constant, as long as ξ &lt;&lt; 1. In stochastic biasing models, the galaxy autocorrelation function behaves exactly as in deterministic models, with X(δ) (the mean value of X for a given value of δ) taking the role of the deterministic bias function. We extend our results to the power spectrum P(k), showing that for sufficiently small k the effect of local biasing is equivalent to the multiplication of P(k) by a constant, with the addition of a constant term. If a cosmological model predicts a large-scale mass correlation function in conflict with the shape of the observed galaxy correlation function, then the model cannot be rescued by appealing to a complicated but local relation between galaxies and mass.
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11.946995
2.95454
1998-09-01
148
1998ApJ...504..607S
[ "stochastic biasing models", "local biasing", "galaxies", "deterministic models", "straightforward biasing schemes", "stochastic biasing", "the observed galaxy correlation function", "the galaxy correlation function", "g</SUB", "δ" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Galaxies: Formation", "Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/306113", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9712192" ]
[ "Scherrer, Robert J.", "Weinberg, David H." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210", "Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210" ]
[ "1998ApJ...500L..79T", "1998ApJ...504L..57E", "1998MNRAS.301..797H", "1998PhRvL..80.5255H", "1999AIPC..478..164W", "1999ApJ...510...20W", "1999ApJ...511....1S", "1999ApJ...516..519H", "1999ApJ...518....2E", "1999ApJ...518L..69T", "1999ApJ...520...24D", "1999ApJ...520..437K", "1999ApJ...521L...5C", "1999ApJ...522...46T", "1999ApJ...522..569N", "1999ApJ...522..590B", "1999ApJ...525..543M", "1999MNRAS.304..851M", "1999PhDT.........1G", "1999PhRvD..60l3513Z", "1999elss.conf..346W", "2000ASPC..200..129C", "2000ASPC..201....3S", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...537...37T", "2000ApJ...538...83C", "2000ApJ...542..559T", "2000ApJ...543....1M", "2000ApJ...544..597S", "2000MNRAS.312..257H", "2000PhST...85...59T", "2000astro.ph.12433Y", "2001ApJ...550..528T", "2001ApJ...560...15P", "2001PhRvD..63d3007T", "2001pteu.conf..217C", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002ApJ...575..587B", "2002ApJ...579..491L", "2002ApJ...581...20C", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002MNRAS.335..432V", "2002MNRAS.335..887T", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002PhRvD..66j3508T", "2003ApJ...585L...1D", "2003ApJ...589...82G", "2003ApJ...590....1Z", "2003ApJ...598..720S", "2004ApJ...605....7D", "2004ApJ...606..702T", "2004ApJ...615....1B", "2004ApJ...615..573M", "2005A&A...430..827S", "2005APh....24..334W", "2005ApJ...618..557N", "2005ApJ...619..147M", "2005ApJ...625..613A", "2005ApJ...631....1G", "2005ApJ...633..560E", "2005ApJ...633..575S", "2005MNRAS.356..247W", "2005PhRvD..71h3004S", "2005PhRvD..72d3525P", "2005astro.ph..5391S", "2005astro.ph..7457G", "2005astro.ph.11060D", "2006APh....25..172S", "2006ApJ...639L..47L", "2006Natur.440.1126B", "2006PhRvD..74b3522S", "2006PhRvD..74j3512M", "2006astro.ph..7463K", "2007APh....26..351H", "2007ApJ...659....1Z", "2007ApJ...664..660E", "2007JCAP...10..007C", "2007MNRAS.378..852P", "2007MNRAS.381.1053P", "2007PhRvD..75d3514M", "2007PhRvD..75f3512S", "2008ApJ...688..742H", "2008PhRvD..77d3527H", "2008PhRvD..77l3514D", "2008PhRvD..78h3519M", "2008PhRvD..78j3503D", "2008PhRvD..78l3519M", "2009ApJ...697.1634R", "2009ApJ...698..967Y", "2009JCAP...08..020M", "2009MNRAS.395..240B", "2010ApJ...708L...9S", "2010ApJ...710.1444K", "2010ApJ...711....1P", "2010MNRAS.401.1429D", "2010MNRAS.404...60R", "2010MNRAS.406..803B", "2010PhRvD..81b3526D", "2010PhRvD..82j3529D", "2011ApJ...736...59Z", "2011MNRAS.412..825D", "2011MNRAS.415.2876B", "2011PhRvD..83h3518M", "2011PhRvD..83j3509B", "2012ARA&A..50..353K", "2012ApJ...761...12D", "2012JCAP...11..016F", "2012MNRAS.422.2904G", "2012MNRAS.425..116S", "2012MNRAS.426..566C", "2012PhRvD..85h3509C", "2012PhRvD..86d3508W", "2012arXiv1210.2365B", "2013ApJ...768...38V", "2013ApJ...768L..27W", "2013MNRAS.433..209N", "2013PhRvD..87l3523S", "2013PhRvD..88b3515S", "2013arXiv1303.3302B", "2014A&A...563A..36B", "2014ApJ...788..157N", "2014ApJ...796..140P", "2014PhRvD..89f3517C", "2014PhRvD..90j3521C", "2015MNRAS.450.1349K", "2016ARNPS..66..401A", "2016JCAP...11..015B", "2016MNRAS.456.2806B", "2016MNRAS.460.1310P", "2017MNRAS.472..577Y", "2018ApJ...867...26B", "2018JCAP...04..030S", "2018JCAP...10..012C", "2018MNRAS.478.1042S", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2019JCAP...01..049B", "2019JCAP...11..041L", "2019MNRAS.482.1435S", "2019PhRvD..99l3514E", "2020MNRAS.492.1614W", "2020PhRvD.102j3530E", "2020PhRvD.102l3522P", "2021PhRvD.104d3531P", "2021PhRvD.104l3551B", "2022JCAP...08..050Y", "2022PhRvD.106d3520P", "2023arXiv231200679E", "2024arXiv240500261R" ]
[ "1977ApJS...34..425D", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984ApJ...279..499F", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1989A&A...226..373B", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1991MNRAS.253P..31B", "1993ApJ...405..403B", "1993ApJ...413..447F", "1993MNRAS.262.1065C", "1993MNRAS.265..145B", "1994A&A...281..301C", "1994ApJ...420..504S", "1994ApJ...425..392F", "1994PhRvL..73..215F", "1995ApJ...444..520S", "1995wfsd.conf..129W", "1996A&A...312...11B", "1996ApJ...461L..65F", "1996ApJ...465...14C", "1997gsr..proc..245D", "1998MNRAS.293..209M", "1998MNRAS.294..229G" ]
11632328
astro-ph/9804309
BVR_cI_c light curves of GRB970508 optical remnant and colors of underlying host galaxy
Optical observations of the GRB970508 optical remnant were continued with the 6-m telescope of SAO RAS in standard the BVR_cI_c bands in Oct.-Dec. 1997 and in Jan. 1998. The results of photometry of the GRB970508 remnant and of three nearby galaxies are presented. The BVR_cI_c light curves of the GRB970508 remnant can be described by a power law plus a constant F(t) = F_0 (t-t_0)(alpha ) + C. In determination of parameters of the faint host galaxy we used the results of our BVR_cI_c photometry of May-August, 1997, the data of recent observations with Keck-II and WHT telescopes and also the data of photometry of R_c and B bands obtained by other authors based on our secondary standards. The level-off from the initial power law decline seen in the first months after the burst was observed in all bands. The effect is the strongest in the I_c band: the difference on the last date of the I_c observations reaches ~ 1.3 mags. The best chi (2) -fits for F_o, alpha , C parameters of the data in each of 4 bands point to the presence of a constant faint source with I_c = 24.13+/-0.28, R_c = 25.55+/-0.19, V = 25.80+/- 0.14, B = 26.68+/- 0.14. The average alpha is -1.23+/-0.04. The optical remnant has a power law spectrum with a spectral slope equal to -1.10+/-0.08 and does not change after the optical curve maximum. The BVR_cI_c spectrum together with the absolute magnitude of the constant component M_{B<SUB>rest</SUB>} = -17.5+/-0.3, and the linear size of the underlying host galaxy d ~ 3 \ kpc conform to a host galaxy, such as a starburst dwarf, a red starburst dwarf, a irregular dwarf, a HII galaxy, or a blue compact dwarf galaxy. All these types of dwarf galaxies show evidence of starburst or post starburst activity. The galaxy G2 has a spectrum similar to that of the host GRB galaxy and lies at the projected distance of ~ 20 kpc from GRB.
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16.684399
0.532242
1998-09-01
36
1998A&A...337..356Z
[ "dwarf galaxies", "Optical observations", "recent observations", "the faint host galaxy", "the host GRB galaxy", "C parameters", "I_c", "a host galaxy", "photometry", "the initial power law decline" ]
[ "GAMMA-RAYS: BURSTS", "GALAXIES: DWARF", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9804309" ]
[ "Zharikov, S. V.", "Sokolov, V. V.", "Baryshev, Yu. V." ]
[ "Special Astrophysical Observatory of R.A.S, Karachai-Cherkessia, 357147 Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia", "Special Astrophysical Observatory of R.A.S, Karachai-Cherkessia, 357147 Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia", "Astronomical Institute of St. Petersburg University, 198904 St. Petersburg, Russia" ]
[ "1998A&A...339..719G", "1998Ap&SS.263...15C", "1998ApJ...507L..25B", "1998ApJ...508L..21B", "1999A&A...344...43S", "1999A&AS..138..449C", "1999A&AS..138..453M", "1999A&AS..138..485Z", "1999A&AS..138..539R", "1999ApJ...519L..17S", "1999ApJ...519L.155D", "2000ARA&A..38..379V", "2000ApJ...537..191F", "2000ApJ...537..803D", "2000ApJ...538..187L", "2000ApJ...545..271K", "2000ApJ...545..664F", "2000SHEP...15...37B", "2001A&A...377..450S", "2001ESASP.459..367C", "2001ESASP.459..441S", "2001sgrb.conf..356W", "2002AcASn..43..169H", "2002ApJ...566..229C", "2002ApJ...571..779P", "2002ChA&A..26..414H", "2003A&A...401..243D", "2003AIPC..662..305P", "2003ApJ...597..459Y", "2003PASP..115..271B", "2005MmSAI..76..643C", "2006SHEP...20...89B", "2012ASInC...5...15S", "2014ApJ...785...84J", "2014nrap.conf..201S", "2018ApJS..234...26L" ]
[ "1976ApJ...203...39P", "1994AJ....108.1476F", "1995PASP..107..945F", "1997A&AS..122..299B", "1997IAUC.6584....1G", "1997IAUC.6597....1B", "1997IAUC.6661....2M", "1997IAUC.6676....3M", "1997IAUC.6788....1I", "1997Natur.387..783C", "1997Natur.387..876D", "1997Natur.387..878M", "1997Natur.389..261F", "1997NewA....2..471N", "1998A&A...334..117S", "1998ApJ...492L.103P", "1998ApJ...496..311P", "1998ApJ...497L..13G", "1998ApJ...500L.105G", "1998GCN....87....1B", "1998GCN...127....1G", "1998GCN...137....1D", "1998IAUC.6848....2C" ]
2067515
null
HST Images of the Extremely Clumpy Radio Galaxy 1138-262 at z = 2.2
We present and discuss optical continuum images made with the Hubble Space Telescope of the radio galaxy 1138-262 at z = 2.2. This object possesses one of the clumpiest optical morphologies of all known high-redshift radio galaxies, consisting of a bright nucleus aligned along the radio axis and a number of smaller components distributed over a region as large as the radio source (130 kpc). The clumps have sizes ranging from 3 to 13 kpc and absolute visual magnitudes between M<SUB>V</SUB> = -21.8 and M<SUB>V</SUB> = -19.4. On the basis of HST and previous observations, we claim that these clumps are star-forming galaxies that will be accreted by the host galaxy of 1138-262. We compare this radio galaxy with other high-redshift objects and with the predictions of current scenarios of galaxy formation.
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14.116654
6.141208
1998-09-01
56
1998ApJ...504..139P
[ "galaxy formation", "optical continuum images", "previous observations", "smaller components", "this radio galaxy", "all known high-redshift radio galaxies", "current scenarios", "star-forming galaxies", "other high-redshift objects", "the radio axis" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXY: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL ALPHANUMERIC: 1138-262", "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: 1138-2620", "Galaxies: Structure", "Galaxy: Formation" ]
1
[ "10.1086/306087" ]
[ "Pentericci, L.", "Röttgering, H. J. A.", "Miley, G. K.", "Spinrad, H.", "McCarthy, P. J.", "van Breugel, W. J. M.", "Macchetto, F." ]
[ "Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands", "Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands", "Sterrewacht Leiden, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands", "Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720", "Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101", "Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, PO Box 808, Livermore, CA 94459", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218" ]
[ "1999A&A...341..329P", "1999Ap&SS.269..219M", "1999ApJ...519L.131S", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000A&A...358L...1K", "2000A&A...361L..25P", "2000A&AS..145..121P", "2000ASPC..200..424K", "2000ApJ...542...27I", "2000MNRAS.311..279M", "2000SPIE.4005...83V", "2001ASPC..240..101C", "2001ApJS..135...63P", "2001ApSSS.277..543K", "2001MmSAI..72..115P", "2002ASPC..268...27P", "2002ApJ...567..781C", "2002RMxAC..13..191K", "2003MNRAS.346..273V", "2003Msngr.111...36V", "2003NewAR..47..353V", "2004A&A...428..793K", "2004ASSL..319..477M", "2004MNRAS.353..377R", "2004Natur.427...47M", "2005A&A...436..845K", "2005AJ....130..867C", "2005HiA....13..302B", "2006AN....327..196V", "2006ApJ...650L..29M", "2007A&A...461..823V", "2007NewAR..51..202O", "2008A&ARv..15...67M", "2008MNRAS.383..931H", "2009MNRAS.392..795S", "2009MNRAS.394.2197B", "2010A&A...518A..18T", "2012ApJ...751...13O", "2013ApJ...771...89O", "2013ApJ...772..113T", "2013MNRAS.428.1551K", "2016A&A...591A..73G", "2016A&A...593A.109D", "2016A&ARv..24...14O", "2017PhyU...60..961S", "2018A&A...618A.128C", "2018MNRAS.474.3649S", "2018MNRAS.481.1401S", "2018MNRAS.481.5630S", "2020MNRAS.495.4707S", "2022A&ARv..30....6M", "2022ApJ...928...59C", "2023ApJS..265...32M", "2023Natur.615..809D", "2024MNRAS.527.8950C", "2024MNRAS.531.4391S" ]
[ "1987gady.book.....B", "1988Natur.334..591D", "1989ApJ...336..606B", "1989ApJ...342L..59D", "1989PASP..101..445L", "1989agna.book.....O", "1990ApJ...355..416D", "1990MNRAS.243P...1E", "1991ApJ...367....1H", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1993ARA&A..31..639M", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993MNRAS.264..421C", "1994A&A...289...54V", "1994AJ....107.1227W", "1994AJ....107.1942T", "1994ApJ...431..123D", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1995ApJ...440..515D", "1995ApJS...99..173L", "1995MNRAS.273L..29D", "1995MNRAS.274..755H", "1995MNRAS.275L..33I", "1995MNRAS.275L..47L", "1995PASP..107.1065H", "1995hstw.book.....B", "1996A&A...307..376R", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...465..157D", "1996ApJ...471L..11L", "1996ApJS..106..247C", "1996MNRAS.280..888L", "1996MNRAS.282.1483C", "1997A&A...326..505R", "1997A&A...326..580P", "1997ApJ...484..163R", "1997ApJ...490..698D", "1997ApJS..109....1C", "1997ApJS..109..367K", "1997gsr..proc..232B", "1998A&A...329..399C", "1998ApJ...494L.143C" ]
2087720
null
A Cepheid distance to the Fornax cluster and the local expansion rate of the Universe
Both galaxy distances and velocities are required for the determination of the expansion rate of the Universe, as described by the Hubble constant H<SUB>0</SUB>. The radial velocities of galaxies arise not just from this expansion but also from random components and large-scale flows. To reach out to distances dominated by the overall cosmic expansion, it is necessary to probe large physical scales where galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-cluster interactions become lessimportant. But accurate distances of nearby galaxies and clusters (commonly measured using Cepheid variable stars) are nevertheless required to calibrate the indirect distance indicators generally used to measure these large scales. Here we report aCepheid distance of 18.6 +/- 1.9 (statistical error) +/- 1.9Mpc (systematic error) for the galaxy NGC1365 in Fornax, a cluster of galaxies in the Southern Hemisphere. We find a value of H<SUB>0</SUB> = 70kms<SUP>-1</SUP>Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP> from Fornax alone, and 73kms<SUP>-1</SUP>Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP> from the intervening galaxy flow, each corrected for infall into the Virgo cluster. These values are consistent with the Hubble constant measured in the far field using secondary methods. Our data support previous suggestions that the local small-scale velocity field has very small scatter (~+/-70kms<SUP>-1</SUP>).
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11.508546
1.839127
1998-09-01
51
1998Natur.395...47M
[ "nearby galaxies", "galaxies", "large physical scales", "aCepheid distance", "accurate distances", "distances", "clusters", "Cepheid variable stars", "Both galaxy distances", "the intervening galaxy flow" ]
[ "None" ]
1
[ "10.1038/25678" ]
[ "Madore, Barry F.", "Freedman, Wendy L.", "Silbermann, N.", "Harding, Paul", "Huchra, John", "Mould, Jeremy R.", "Graham, John A.", "Ferrarese, Laura", "Gibson, Brad K.", "Han, Mingsheng", "Hoessel, John G.", "Hughes, Shaun M.", "Illingworth, Garth D.", "Phelps, Randy", "Sakai, Shoko", "Stetson, Peter" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1998ApJ...509..551I", "1998CeMDA..72...69B", "1999A&A...343..367S", "1999A&A...346..764S", "1999A&A...349...55A", "1999A&ARv...9..221L", "1999ARA&A..37..445S", "1999ASIC..541....1E", "1999ASPC..162..449T", "1999ASPC..167..204T", "1999ApJ...514..614K", "1999ApJ...515...29M", "1999ApJ...522..802S", "1999ApJ...525...80P", "1999ApJ...527..479S", "1999MNRAS.309..991S", "1999MPLA...14.1917K", "1999PASP..111..264T", "1999PASP..111..274P", "1999RvMPS..71..145T", "1999astro.ph..7090P", "2000A&A...356...33R", "2000AJ....119..439W", "2000ApJ...528..607N", "2000ApJ...529..786M", "2000MNRAS.319..168C", "2000NuPhS..80C1311T", "2000PhST...85...37F", "2000fepc.conf..259R", "2001Ap&SS.276..429R", "2001ApJ...553...47F", "2001sgrb.conf..304S", "2001stcl.conf..223H", "2002A&A...382..792C", "2002A&A...386..860A", "2002A&A...391...83B", "2002ASSL..274..143K", "2002IAUS..187..175B", "2003IJMPD..12.1157T", "2006A&A...453..229B", "2007ApJS..173..185G", "2009ApJ...694..556B", "2009ApJ...694..718W", "2011A&A...533A..65V", "2014MNRAS.439.3847R", "2015MNRAS.453.2558N", "2018ApJ...852...60J", "2020ApJS..248....6D", "2021A&A...647A..86S", "2022A&A...667A.135D", "2022ApJ...932..118C" ]
[ "1972ApJ...172..253S", "1975A&A....44..151F", "1975ApJ...196..313S", "1980AJ.....85..801S", "1982ApJ...258...64A", "1986A&AS...66..255K", "1988AJ.....96.1520F", "1989AJ.....98..367F", "1990ApJ...360..448H", "1991PASP..103..933M", "1994Natur.371..757F", "1995AJ....110.1476K", "1995ApJ...438L..17R", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1997ApJ...477L...1G", "1997MNRAS.286L...1F", "1998ApJ...492..110M", "1998MNRAS.293L..23S" ]
2067499
null
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of ARP Interacting Galaxies
We discuss near-infrared spectra of 20 interacting galaxies from the Arp Catalog and analyze the properties of similar galaxies for which only optical spectra are available. We find excellent agreement between the types of activity determined from the infrared and optical, demonstrating that obscuration does not seriously bias the optical results. None of the 20 galaxies show infrared spectral characteristics that differ from expectations for isolated galaxies; the very strong shock-excited lines seen in a few interacting systems must be uncommon. Most of the galaxies in our infrared sample are the sites of starbursts that appear to have had durations of 1 to 5 Myr and to be observed 3 to 10 Myr after the peak star-forming episode. Four of the 20 galaxies have LINER or composite starburst/LINER spectra that are likely to arise from shocks due to supernovae in late phase starbursts. In the full interacting galaxy sample, there is a substantial excess of Seyfert 2 nuclei, supporting previous indications that this type of activity tends to occur in interacting host galaxies.
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13.327675
7.701445
1998-09-01
30
1998ApJ...504...93V
[ "isolated galaxies", "similar galaxies", "host galaxies", "late phase starbursts", "the full interacting galaxy sample", "activity", "shocks", "spectral characteristics", "previous indications", "Myr" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: ISM", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Starburst", "Infrared: Galaxies" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306051" ]
[ "Vanzi, Leonardo", "Alonso-Herrero, Almudena", "Rieke, G. H." ]
[ "Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy", "Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721", "Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721" ]
[ "1998ApJ...505..639E", "1999ApJ...527..696Q", "1999ApJ...527..778S", "2000ASPC..211..120E", "2000ApJ...528..186M", "2000ApJ...530..688A", "2000ApJ...532..845A", "2000ApJ...541..644X", "2000ApJ...545..205S", "2000MNRAS.314..263C", "2000MNRAS.316....1W", "2001A&A...366...68P", "2001ASPC..249..501R", "2001ASPC..249..557A", "2001ApJ...549..254S", "2001MNRAS.322..757A", "2001MNRAS.324..443J", "2002A&A...386..464V", "2002AJ....123..702K", "2003AJ....126.2717L", "2003ApJ...599..193F", "2003SPIE.4834..310D", "2004AJ....127.3338B", "2004ApJ...614..122I", "2005AJ....130.1524P", "2005ApJ...618..712M", "2007ApJ...654..799R", "2009A&A...497...41C", "2009ApJ...697..660A", "2012PASJ...64...44M" ]
[ "1966ApJS...14....1A", "1978ApJ...219...46L", "1980AJ.....85..198K", "1980ApJ...238...24R", "1983ApJ...269..416G", "1984MNRAS.211..461G", "1984PASP...96..143W", "1984PASP...96..398K", "1985AJ.....90..708K", "1985ApJ...290..116R", "1985ApJ...296...90C", "1985ApJS...57..643D", "1986A&AS...66..335V", "1986ApJS...62..501K", "1987ApJ...322..412B", "1987MNRAS.224..801H", "1988A&AS...75..273D", "1988AJ.....95..356C", "1988ApJ...329..174T", "1988MNRAS.230..639M", "1989ApJ...347..727A", "1989MNRAS.240..349L", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991ApJ...377..426W", "1991ApJ...383..164G", "1992A&A...254..466O", "1992ApJ...393...90H", "1992ApJS...79..213B", "1993ApJ...405..522V", "1993ApJ...406...52M", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1993ApJ...412...99R", "1993ApJ...414..552O", "1993ApJ...416..150F", "1993ApJ...417...63H", "1994ApJ...422..521G", "1995ApJ...441...96M", "1995ApJ...450..547L", "1995ApJ...454...95M", "1995ApJS...98..129K", "1995ApJS..100..325L", "1995IAUS..167..231V", "1995OptEn..34.2731B", "1996AJ....111..537M", "1996MNRAS.281..509S", "1996MNRAS.281..781G", "1997A&AS..124..573V", "1997ApJ...474..104G", "1997ApJ...479..694V", "1997ApJ...482..747A", "1997ApJ...485..552M", "1997ApJS..108..449G", "1997PhDT........21R" ]
2065604
null
Galaxy Alignments in the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster Revisited
A search for preferential galaxy alignments in the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster (PPS) is made using the Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner Pisces-Perseus Survey (MAPS-PP). The MAPS-PP is a catalog of ~1400 galaxies with a (roughly) isophotal diameter greater than 30" constructed from digitized scans of the blue and red plates of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey covering the PPS. This is the largest sample of galaxies applied to a search of galaxy alignments in this supercluster, and it has been used in combination with previously published redshifts to construct the deepest PPS galaxy luminosity function to date. While previous studies have relied extensively on catalogs with visually estimated parameters for both sample selection and determination of galaxy orientation, the MAPS-PP uses selection criteria and measurements that are entirely machine and computer based. Therefore, it is not susceptible to some of the biases, such as the diameter inclination effect, known to exist in some other galaxy catalogs. The presence of anisotropic galaxy distributions is determined by use of the Kuiper statistic, a robust alternative to the chi^2 statistic more traditionally used in these studies. Three statistically significant anisotropic distributions are observed. The reddest galaxies are observed to be oriented preferentially perpendicular to the local large-scale structure. The bluest galaxies near the supercluster plane are observed to have an anisotropic position angle distribution. Finally, a weak trend for the median position angle of color-selected galaxy subsamples to ``twist'' with increasing distance from the PPS plane is observed. These position angle distribution anisotropies are weak and are not consistent with any single primordial or modern-era galaxy alignment mechanism, although a mixture of such mechanisms is not ruled out.
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11.584537
5.188667
1998-09-01
23
1998AJ....116.1094C
[ "galaxy alignments", "anisotropic galaxy distributions", "preferential galaxy alignments", "galaxies", "galaxy orientation", "the deepest PPS galaxy luminosity function", "some other galaxy catalogs", "color-selected galaxy subsamples", "selection criteria", "such mechanisms" ]
[ "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300484" ]
[ "Cabanela, J. E.", "Aldering, G." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455", "Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455" ]
[ "1999AJ....118...46C", "1999PASP..111..385T", "2000ApJ...545..561C", "2001ApJ...555..106L", "2002AJ....124...78C", "2002MNRAS.332..788M", "2002sgdh.conf...17M", "2003ApJ...594..144P", "2004MNRAS.353.1197P", "2005GReGr..37..615G", "2005MNRAS.358..256P", "2005MNRAS.360..125A", "2006Ap&SS.302...43H", "2006MNRAS.366..438A", "2011AcPPB..42.2313G", "2011IJMPD..20.1643G", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2012MNRAS.420.2715C", "2017ApJ...844...46B", "2019ApJ...876...52K", "2019arXiv190907757T", "2020Ap.....63..447T", "2021Ap.....64..141T" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1961cgcg.book.....Z", "1963bad..book..481M", "1969ApJ...155..393P", "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1975AJ.....80..477H", "1975gaun.book..123H", "1976ApJ...203..297S", "1978AJ.....83..732S", "1978IAUS...79..448J", "1978MNRAS.184..643D", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1981ApJ...243..411G", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982A&A...107..338B", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1982ApJ...257..423H", "1982euse.book.....L", "1984ApJ...286...38W", "1985ApJ...298..461D", "1986MNRAS.222..525F", "1987AZh....64..244V", "1987ApJ...319..575B", "1987nngp.proc..227D", "1988AJ.....95..975L", "1988AJ.....95..996L", "1988IAUS..130..113G", "1988MNRAS.235..857F", "1988ah...book.....B", "1989ApJ...342.1207N", "1989ApJ...345..245C", "1989PhDT.........2B", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990ApJ...351L...5W", "1990MNRAS.243..692M", "1990panb.book.....K", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103..318O", "1992AJ....103..393M", "1992BICDS..41...31H", "1992MNRAS.255..729Q", "1992PASJ...44..493K", "1992PASJ...44L...1S", "1992nrfa.book.....P", "1993AAS...183.7302A", "1993AJ....105.1271G", "1993PASP..105..521P", "1993PASP..105.1354O", "1994AAS...184.2804M", "1994AJ....107.2036G", "1994AJ....108...33S", "1994ApJ...428...43M", "1994MNRAS.268...79W", "1994MNRAS.270..390C", "1994MNRAS.271...19G", "1994PhDT.......234H", "1994PhDT.......268L", "1994essg.book.....H", "1995ApJ...445...46H", "1995ApJ...448..563B", "1995MNRAS.276..327S", "1996ApJS..103..363C", "1996MNRAS.278...87C", "1997ApJ...475....1T", "1997ApJS..109..333W" ]
11633878
astro-ph/9710291
Cloning Hubble Deep Fields. I. A Model-independent Measurement of Galaxy Evolution
We present a model-independent method of quantifying galaxy evolution in high-resolution images, a method which we apply to the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). Our procedure is to k-correct all pixels belonging to the images of a complete set of bright galaxies and then to replicate each galaxy image to higher redshift by the product of its space density, 1/V<SUB>max</SUB>, and the cosmological volume. The set of bright galaxies is itself selected from the HDF, because presently the HDF provides the highest quality UV images of a redshift-complete sample of galaxies (31 galaxies with I &lt; 21.9, z¯=0.5, for which V/V<SUB>max</SUB> is spread fairly). These galaxies are bright enough to permit accurate pixel-by-pixel k-corrections into the rest frame UV (~2000 Å). We match the shot noise, spatial sampling, and point-spread function smoothing of the HDF data, resulting in entirely empirical and parameter-free ``no-evolution'' deep fields of galaxies for direct comparison with the HDF. In addition, the overcounting rate and the level of incompleteness can be accurately quantified by this procedure. We obtain the following results. Faint HDF galaxies (I &gt; 24) are much smaller, more numerous, and less regular than our no-evolution extrapolation, for any interesting geometry. A higher proportion of HDF galaxies ``dropout'' in both U and B, indicating that some galaxies are brighter at higher redshifts than our ``cloned'' z ~ 0.5 population.
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12.494677
6.307886
1998-10-01
76
1998ApJ...506..557B
[ "HDF galaxies", "galaxy evolution", "bright galaxies", "galaxies", "higher redshift", "higher redshifts", "Faint HDF", "HDF", "spatial sampling", "each galaxy image" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "TECHNIQUES: IMAGE PROCESSING", "ULTRAVIOLET: GALAXIES", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Structure", "Techniques: Image Processing", "Ultraviolet: Galaxies", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1086/306258", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9710291" ]
[ "Bouwens, Rychard", "Broadhurst, Tom", "Silk, Joseph" ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;", "Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720;", "Departments of Astronomy and Physics, and Center for Particle Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720;" ]
[ "1997astro.ph.12167M", "1998ApJ...499..112B", "1998ApJ...499L.115F", "1998ApJ...508L...1P", "1998ESASP.429...33E", "1998RvMA...11...83F", "1998astro.ph.10060P", "1999A&ARv...9..273V", "1999AIPC..470...87S", "1999AJ....117..645C", "1999ASPC..187..309M", "1999ApJ...515L..65B", "1999ApJ...516...77B", "1999ApJS..122..109T", "1999MNRAS.303..641A", "2000AJ....119.2134T", "2000AJ....120..479A", "2000ARA&A..38..667F", "2000ASPC..207..526S", "2000ASSL..255...15R", "2000ApJ...530L..53B", "2000ApJ...534L..15B", "2000ApJ...536L..11S", "2000ApJ...540...81T", "2000MNRAS.316..786F", "2000fist.conf...37R", "2000fist.conf..176R", "2001A&A...371..393B", "2001AJ....122..750I", "2001ASPC..230..633S", "2001ApJ...549...28S", "2001PASP..113..515E", "2001astro.ph..2056E", "2002ASPC..275...89A", "2002ASSL..274..253B", "2003AJ....125.1762C", "2003AJ....126.2330C", "2003ApJ...593..640B", "2003ApJ...595..589B", "2003RMxAC..16..259B", "2004ASSL..319..619I", "2004ApJ...603..363B", "2004ApJ...606L..25B", "2004ApJ...611L...1B", "2004ApJ...616L..79B", "2004ApJS..150....1B", "2004MNRAS.348..214M", "2005AJ....130...13C", "2005ASPC..347..100B", "2005ASPC..347..399M", "2005ApJ...621...53B", "2005ApJ...623..721P", "2005ApJ...624L...5B", "2005ApJ...634..101E", "2005MNRAS.360..159B", "2005mmgf.conf...32I", "2006ASPC..351..145B", "2006ApJ...653...53B", "2006Natur.443..189B", "2006NewAR..50..152B", "2006fdg..conf..373B", "2007ApJ...663..717M", "2007ApJ...670..928B", "2008A&A...483...35S", "2008ApJ...677...37O", "2008ApJ...686..230B", "2008ApJS..175..105B", "2009ApJ...705..936B", "2011Natur.469..504B", "2014ApJ...793..115B", "2014ApJ...795..126B", "2015ApJ...803...34B", "2016ApJ...823..116Z", "2016ApJ...823..143R", "2019ApJ...880...25B", "2021AJ....162...47B" ]
[ "1968ApJ...151..393S", "1974ApJS...27...21O", "1976ApJ...209L...1P", "1980ApJS...43..393C", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1990A&A...233L...9B", "1991ApJ...368...12B", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...395L...1S", "1993ApJ...411..501L", "1993MNRAS.261...19C", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994ApJ...434L..55M", "1995AJ....110.1071C", "1995ApJ...441...18M", "1995ApJ...441..494I", "1995ApJ...453...48D", "1995ApJ...453..599C", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995ApJ...455L...1G", "1995MNRAS.274.1107N", "1995MNRAS.275L..19G", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1996AJ....111..174F", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..369G", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...467...38K", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996ApJ...471L...5C", "1996ApJ...473L..63C", "1996ApJS..107....1A", "1996ApJS..107..215M", "1996MNRAS.279L..47A", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.280L..43C", "1996MNRAS.282.1247R", "1996MNRAS.282L...7M", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996Natur.381..759L", "1996SPIE.2807..184F", "1997A&A...326..477Z", "1997AJ....113....1S", "1997ApJ...481..673L", "1997ApJ...489..559G", "1997ApJ...490L.135M" ]
11633770
astro-ph/9804253
The ASCA X-Ray Spectrum of the Broad-line Radio Galaxy Pictor A: A Simple Power Law With No Fe Kα Line
We present the X-ray spectrum of the broad-line radio galaxy Pictor A as observed by ASCA in 1996. The main objective of the observation was to detect and study the profiles of the Fe Kα lines. The motivation was the fact that the Balmer lines of this object show well-separated displaced peaks, suggesting an origin in an accretion disk. The 0.5-10 keV X-ray spectrum is described very well by a model consisting of a power law of photon index 1.77 modified by interstellar photoelectric absorption. We find evidence for neither a soft nor a hard (Compton reflection) excess. More importantly, we do not detect an Fe Kα line, in marked contrast with the spectra of typical Seyfert galaxies and other broad-line radio galaxies observed by ASCA. The 99% confidence upper limit on the equivalent width of an unresolved line at a rest energy of 6.4 keV is 100 eV, while for a broad line (FWHM ~ 60,000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>), the corresponding upper limit is 135 eV. We discuss several possible explanations for the weakness of the Fe Kα line in Pictor A paying attention to the currently available data on the properties of Fe Kα lines in other broad-line radio galaxies observed by ASCA. We speculate that the absence of a hard excess (Compton reflection) or an Fe Kα line is an indication of an accretion disk structure that is different from that of typical Seyfert galaxies, e.g., the inner disk may be an ion torus.
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15.837774
8.074812
1998-10-01
47
1998ApJ...505..577E
[ "Fe Kα lines", "Fe Kα", "typical Seyfert galaxies", "other broad-line radio galaxies", "an Fe Kα line", "the Fe Kα line", "the Fe Kα lines", "the broad-line radio galaxy Pictor A", "photon index", "several possible explanations" ]
[ "ACCRETION", "ACCRETION DISKS", "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NAME: PICTOR A", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "LINE: PROFILES", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "Accretion", "Accretion Disks", "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Individual: Name: Pictor A", "Galaxies: Nuclei", "Line: Profiles", "X-Rays: Galaxies", "Astrophysics" ]
1
[ "10.1086/306190", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9804253" ]
[ "Eracleous, Michael", "Halpern, Jules P." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;", "Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027;" ]
[ "1998ApJ...505L..87Y", "1999ASPC..161...16Z", "1999ASPC..175..163E", "1999ApJ...526...60S", "2000ApJ...536L...5S", "2000ApJ...537..654E", "2001ApJ...547..740W", "2001ApJ...556...35G", "2002ApJ...575..127H", "2002MNRAS.332L..45B", "2002NewAR..46..215S", "2003A&A...401..505G", "2003ApJ...582..633E", "2003ApJ...584..176G", "2003ApJ...598..956S", "2003ApJ...599..886E", "2003MNRAS.338.1004P", "2003PhDT.......177P", "2004MNRAS.354..839B", "2005ApJ...622L..97B", "2006MNRAS.370.1534N", "2006MNRAS.371..283M", "2007ApJ...664...88G", "2007ApJ...665.1030S", "2007ApJ...668L..31M", "2007MNRAS.381L..21G", "2007MPLA...22.2397B", "2007PASJ...59..279K", "2008AIPC.1040..191K", "2008ApJ...687..869S", "2009ApJ...690.1322W", "2010ApJ...719..700T", "2010ApJ...725..803R", "2011ApJ...734..105S", "2011ApJ...740...29K", "2011MNRAS.414.2739B", "2011MNRAS.418.2367B", "2012ApJ...752L..21C", "2014MNRAS.443.2154T", "2015A&A...574A..88S", "2016MNRAS.456..554G", "2017AIPC.1792e0008Z", "2018ApJ...856..120R", "2018JApA...39...15R", "2019MNRAS.490.1738Z", "2021MNRAS.505.1954Z", "2023MNRAS.521.2704G" ]
[ "1979ApJ...228L..55M", "1979AuJPA..47....1H", "1981ApJ...250..469S", "1982ApJ...254..483B", "1982Natur.295...17R", "1983ApJ...270..119M", "1986ApJ...302...56W", "1988ApJ...335...57L", "1988ApJ...335..668W", "1988MNRAS.232..463T", "1988MNRAS.233..475G", "1989A&A...213...29C", "1989ApJ...344..115C", "1989ApJ...347..640R", "1989LNP...334....3Z", "1989MNRAS.238..729F", "1989MNRAS.240..769P", "1990ApJS...74..347K", "1990MNRAS.242P..28G", "1990MNRAS.246..706S", "1991A&A...247...25M", "1991ApJ...371..478M", "1991ApJ...380L..51H", "1991MNRAS.249..352G", "1991MNRAS.249..577J", "1991MNRAS.250..414J", "1992ApJ...391..589W", "1992ApJS...80..137J", "1993ApJ...413..453N", "1993ApJ...413..507H", "1993ApJ...416L...5Y", "1994A&A...285..812B", "1994ApJ...428L..13N", "1994ApJ...430..467V", "1994ApJ...432L..95H", "1994ApJ...433L..17H", "1994ApJS...90....1E", "1994MNRAS.267..974N", "1994MNRAS.268..405N", "1994PASJ...46L..37T", "1994cers.conf...55A", "1995ApJ...438L...1S", "1995ApJ...438L..63Z", "1995ApJ...444..231N", "1995MNRAS.272L...9M", "1995MNRAS.273..837M", "1995MNRAS.276.1311R", "1995Natur.375..659T", "1996ASPC..101...17A", "1996ApJ...459...89E", "1996ApJ...464..704H", "1997ApJ...476..605S", "1997ApJ...477..602N", "1997ApJ...485..517C", "1997ApJ...487..636G", "1997ApJ...488L..91N", "1997MNRAS.286..513R", "1997MNRAS.286..765A", "1998AIPC..431..261E", "1998ApJ...495..749S", "1998MNRAS.299..449W" ]
11644197
astro-ph/9807287
The formation and evolution of galaxies.
Galaxies represent the visible fabric of the Universe and there has been considerable progress recently in both observational and theoretical studies. The underlying goal is to understand the present-day diversity of galaxy forms, masses and luminosities. Popular models predict the bulk of the population assembled recently, in apparent agreement with optical observations. However, numerous uncertainties remain, including the role that dust might play in obscuring star-forming systems. Astronomers now seek more detailed tests to verify that the Hubble sequence of types arises from transformations driven by the dynamical assembly of smaller systems. Multi-wavelength surveys and studies of the resolved internal properties of distant galaxies promise answers to these fundamental questions.
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11.629213
6.430846
1998-10-01
18
1998Natur.395A...3E
[ "distant galaxies", "galaxy forms", "Galaxies", "Multi-wavelength surveys", "apparent agreement", "considerable progress", "smaller systems", "studies", "Popular models", "optical observations" ]
[ "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Morphology", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9807287" ]
[ "Ellis, Richard" ]
[ "-" ]
[ "1999ASPC..182..495G", "1999Ap&SS.269..405C", "1999ApJ...513L..91B", "1999MNRAS.308..569A", "1999PNAS...96.4232S", "2000ASPC..209..209C", "2000ApJ...528L..77C", "2000ApJ...529..157P", "2000MNRAS.311...50M", "2000MNRAS.311..279M", "2002AJ....124.1995P", "2002ARA&A..40..579G", "2002IAUS..187..109Y", "2003ApJ...588..113W", "2004MNRAS.353..405T", "2006A&A...457..787S", "2006AJ....132.1729B", "2008PASP..120..121Z" ]
[ "1984Natur.311..517B", "1985ApJ...298...18F", "1985Natur.317..595F", "1990ApJ...357L...9G", "1991ApJ...369...79L", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1992AJ....104..941S", "1992MNRAS.254..601B", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993ApJ...415L...9G", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993PhR...231..293S", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1995AJ....110..982T", "1995ApJ...438L..13D", "1995ApJ...438L..75M", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...451L...1S", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1995MNRAS.275L..19G", "1995Natur.377..603C", "1996AJ....112..352S", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ARA&A..34..749S", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...464L..43F", "1996ApJ...465L..15V", "1996ApJ...470..189G", "1996MNRAS.279..847B", "1996MNRAS.279L..47A", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1996MNRAS.283.1388M", "1996MNRAS.283L..79S", "1996MNRAS.283L.117K", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997AJ....114...54M", "1997ARA&A..35..389E", "1997ApJ...479L.121V", "1997ApJ...481..673L", "1997ApJ...483..582E", "1997ApJ...486L..11C", "1997ApJ...490..577D", "1997ApJ...490L...1S", "1997ApJS..109...45M", "1997ApJS..110..213S", "1997MNRAS.289..482M", "1997Natur.390..377Z", "1998ApJ...498..106M", "1998ApJ...498..504B", "1998ApJ...499...20J", "1998ApJ...499..112B", "1998ApJ...500...75L", "1998ApJ...500..714V", "1998MNRAS.296L..29B", "1998MNRAS.297L..23K", "1998MNRAS.297L..71M", "1998MNRAS.298..583I", "1998Natur.392..359G", "1998Natur.394..241H", "1998Natur.394..248B" ]
11643756
astro-ph/9712256
Comparison of the large-scale clustering in the APM and the EDSGC galaxy surveys
Clustering statistics are compared for the Automatic Plate Machine (APM) and the Edinburgh/Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue (EDSGC) angular galaxy surveys. Both surveys were independently constructed from scans of the same adjacent UK IIIa-J Schmidt photographic plates with the APM and COSMOS microdensitometers, respectively. The comparison of these catalogues is a rare practical opportunity to study systematic errors, which cannot be achieved via simulations or theoretical methods. On intermediate scales, 0 deg/1&lt;theta&lt;0 deg/5, we find good agreement for the cumulants or reduced moments of counts in cells up to sixth order. On larger scales there is a small disagreement owing to edge effects in the EDSGC, which covers a smaller area. On smaller scales, we find a significant disagreement which can only be attributed to differences in the construction of the surveys. Visual inspection of nine high-density regions reveals that a likely reason is the dissimilar deblending of crowded fields. The overall agreement of the APM and EDSGC surveys is encouraging, and shows that the results for intermediate scales should be fairly robust. On the other hand, the systematic deviations found at small scales are significant in a regime where comparison with theory and simulations is possible. This is an important fact to bear in mind when planning the construction of future digitized galaxy catalogues.
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12.282502
4.769947
1998-10-01
25
1998MNRAS.300..493S
[ "small scales", "smaller scales", "EDSGC surveys", "intermediate scales", "larger scales", "future digitized galaxy catalogues", "EDSGC", "APM", "systematic errors", "good agreement" ]
[ "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "CATALOGUES", "SURVEYS", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01917.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9712256" ]
[ "Szapudi, Istvan", "Gaztanaga, E." ]
[ "University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Research Unit (CSIC), Edf. Nexus-104 - c/Gran Capitan 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain" ]
[ "1999ApJ...510..531P", "1999ApJ...517...54S", "1999ApJ...520...35S", "1999MNRAS.307..703R", "1999MNRAS.310..428S", "2000MNRAS.312..417G", "2000MNRAS.317L..51H", "2000MNRAS.318L..45S", "2000astro.ph..8184N", "2001ApJ...548..114S", "2001PhRvE..64e6109K", "2002ApJ...570...75S", "2002ApJ...580..144G", "2002MNRAS.333L..21G", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2003ApJ...583L...1S", "2003ApJ...589...82G", "2004ApJ...603...67V", "2004MNRAS.351L..44B", "2004MNRAS.352.1232C", "2006MNRAS.373..759F", "2007MNRAS.379.1562C", "2018PhRvD..98d3526A", "2022PhRvD.105b3520A", "2023MNRAS.525.4367H" ]
[ "1977ApJ...217..385G", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1989MNRAS.238..379H", "1990MNRAS.242P..43M", "1990MNRAS.243..692M", "1990MNRAS.246..433M", "1992ApJ...392....1B", "1992MNRAS.254..295C", "1992PhDT.........8N", "1993ApJ...412L...9J", "1993MNRAS.265..867N", "1994ApJ...425..392F", "1994ApJ...433....1B", "1994ApJ...437L..13G", "1994MNRAS.268..913G", "1995ApJ...444..520S", "1995MNRAS.273L...1G", "1995MNRAS.274.1049B", "1996ApJ...465...14C", "1996ApJ...470..131S", "1996ApJ...473...15S", "1996MNRAS.280L..37B", "1996MNRAS.283.1227M", "1997ApJ...481L...1S", "1998ApJ...497...16S" ]
2067692
null
The ``Total'' Mass of DDO 154
Combining data from the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory (DRAO) interferometer array with previous Very Large Array (VLA)1 observations, it was possible to recover all the single-dish flux of DDO 154, of which ~1/3 was missing from the VLA data. The missing flux was found to be in an extended low surface brightness component in the outer parts of this dwarf irregular galaxy. In the new combined data, the H I disk can be traced out to ~6 optical radii (R<SUB>Ho</SUB>) or 21 optical scale lengths (α<SUP>-1</SUP>) at a level of ~1.0 × 10<SUP>19</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. Even at that level, there is no sign of the abrupt truncation seen in most other galaxies, especially on the receding side. A total H I mass of 2.5 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> is derived, which gives an (M<SUB>H I</SUB>/L<SUB>B</SUB>) ~= 8, making DDO 154 one of the most gas-rich galaxies known. The recovered H I flux makes it possible to extend the rotation curve by more than 33% in radii with the result that the rotation curve of DDO 154 is one of the most extensive rotation curves ever derived relative to the optical size of the galaxy. The new combined data confirm that the rotation curve is declining in the outer parts. Detailed mass models show that we may have reached the edge of the mass distribution for this galaxy, which would allow, for the first time, an estimate of the total mass and the total extent of a galaxy. For DDO 154, this gives an estimated total mass of M<SUB>tot</SUB> ~= 3.0 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> and an upper limit to the radial extent of R<SUB>tot</SUB> &lt;= 8 kpc.
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11.082834
7.906307
1998-10-01
85
1998ApJ...506..125C
[ "most other galaxies", "~6 optical radii", "Detailed mass models", "DDO", "×", "data", "VLA)1 observations", "~=", "an estimated total mass", "this dwarf irregular galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: DDO 154", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES", "Galaxies: Fundamental Parameters", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: DDO 154", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Radio Lines: Galaxies" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306227" ]
[ "Carignan, Claude", "Purton, Chris" ]
[ "Département de Physique and Observatoire du Mont Mégantic, Université de Montréal. C. P. 6128, Succ. centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7;", "Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, P.O. Box 248, Penticton, B.C., Canada, V2A 6K3;" ]
[ "1999A&A...349....1S", "1999AJ....117.2168P", "1999MNRAS.303..321G", "1999dmap.conf..375B", "2000AJ....120.3027C", "2000ApJ...531..701G", "2000ApJ...535...90G", "2000ApJ...540..814E", "2000ApJ...542..137H", "2000MNRAS.315L..29F", "2001A&A...372..381C", "2001AJ....121.1461K", "2001AJ....121.2420S", "2001AJ....122.2428H", "2001ASPC..240..167W", "2001ASPC..240..290H", "2001ASPC..240..319P", "2001ApJ...548..749E", "2001ApJ...561..559W", "2001MNRAS.321..713F", "2002A&A...390..829S", "2002AJ....123.1476W", "2002ASPC..282..129B", "2002ApJ...572...41H", "2002MNRAS.333..299G", "2003PhRvD..68b3511A", "2003astro.ph.12165Z", "2004AJ....128.1152W", "2004AJ....128.2789B", "2004IAUS..217...34K", "2004IAUS..220..377K", "2004IAUS..220..447C", "2004MNRAS.351..891Z", "2004PASA...21..385P", "2005A&A...434..531K", "2005A&A...436..805M", "2005ApJ...618..247C", "2005astro.ph..6732A", "2006ApJ...647..970L", "2007AJ....134.1849W", "2007MNRAS.375..199G", "2008AJ....135.2038D", "2008AJ....136.2648D", "2008AJ....136.2761O", "2008ASPC..396..485K", "2008MNRAS.383..809B", "2008MNRAS.385..553D", "2008MNRAS.386.1667B", "2008MNRAS.391..881E", "2009ApJ...696.2104C", "2010MNRAS.406.1238E", "2011AJ....141..193O", "2011AJ....141..204K", "2011AJ....142..173H", "2011ApJ...728..107A", "2011PASJ...63L...1K", "2011arXiv1102.0550B", "2012ApJ...754...29Z", "2012MNRAS.421.2598A", "2013AJ....145..150M", "2013AJ....146...48C", "2013ApJ...773..173D", "2013MNRAS.433.2314H", "2014A&A...561A..28S", "2014A&A...567A..61S", "2014Galax...2..601M", "2014MNRAS.443.3712H", "2014PhDT.......594S", "2015MNRAS.448.2566B", "2016ApJ...817...84K", "2016MNRAS.455.2508S", "2016arXiv160903896S", "2017MNRAS.464..530S", "2017MNRAS.466.4159I", "2017MNRAS.472.3761N", "2018AJ....155...65B", "2018Ap&SS.363..217C", "2018EPJC...78..560F", "2018MNRAS.477.5554W", "2018MNRAS.478..487N", "2019AJ....157..194H", "2020Galax...8...12M", "2021arXiv210909466C", "2022JMPh...13.1348O", "2023PASJ...75.1337K" ]
[ "1976Natur.260..508S", "1978PhDT.......195B", "1979A&AS...35..163A", "1983AJ.....88..338I", "1983IAUS..100...55S", "1983IAUS..100...87K", "1984AJ.....89.1319K", "1985A&A...143..216H", "1985ApJ...294..494C", "1985ApJ...299...59C", "1987AJ.....94...23B", "1987ApJ...320..493L", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ApJ...332L..33C", "1988ang..book.....T", "1988ngc..book.....T", "1989A&A...223...47B", "1989ApJ...345..759Z", "1989ApJ...347..760C", "1990A&A...234...43C", "1990AJ.....99..547L", "1990AJ....100..648J", "1991AJ....102..904C", "1991ARA&A..29..409F", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...256...19B", "1992MNRAS.255..105K", "1992PASP..104.1109A", "1993AJ....106...39H", "1993ApJ...414...41M", "1994A&A...285...79P", "1994AJ....107..543M", "1995AJ....109..990V" ]
2087501
null
The Durham/UKST Galaxy Redshift Survey - V. The catalogue
We present the radial velocities and blue, optical magnitudes for all of the galaxies within the Durham/UKST Galaxy Redshift Survey. This catalogue consists of ~2500 galaxy redshifts to a limiting apparent magnitude of B_J⋍17 mag, covering a ~1500-deg^2 area around the South Galactic Pole. The galaxies in this survey were selected from the Edinburgh/Durham Southern Galaxy Catalogue and were sampled, in order of apparent magnitude, at a rate of one galaxy in every three. The spectroscopy was performed at the 1.2-m UK Schmidt Telescope in Australia using the FLAIR multi-object spectrograph. We show that our radial velocity measurements made with this instrument have an empirical accuracy of +/-150 km s^-1. The observational techniques and data reduction procedures used in the construction of this survey are also discussed. This survey demonstrates that the UKST can be used to make a three-dimensional map of the large-scale galaxy distribution, via a redshift survey to b_J⋍17 mag, over a wide area of the sky.
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12.543077
5.694452
1998-10-01
40
1998MNRAS.300..417R
[ "apparent magnitude", "b_J⋍17 mag", "B_J⋍17 mag", "+/-150 km s^-1", "Schmidt Telescope", "UKST", "a limiting apparent magnitude", "the FLAIR multi-object spectrograph", "UK", "~2500 galaxy redshifts" ]
[ "CATALOGUES", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: GENERAL: COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01907.x" ]
[ "Ratcliffe, A.", "Shanks, T.", "Parker, Q. A.", "Broadbent, A.", "Watson, F. G.", "Oates, A. P.", "Collins, C. A.", "Fong, R." ]
[ "Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Anglo-Australian Observatory, Coonabarabran, NSW 2357, Australia", "Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Anglo-Australian Observatory, Coonabarabran, NSW 2357, Australia", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Astrophysics Group, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF", "Physics Department, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE" ]
[ "1999ApJS..125...35S", "1999MNRAS.309..659H", "2000MNRAS.312..257H", "2000MNRAS.317..782B", "2000MNRAS.317L..51H", "2000astro.ph..8184N", "2001A&A...369..467R", "2001MNRAS.321..497O", "2001MNRAS.323..130C", "2001PASA...18..232M", "2002A&A...391...35F", "2002AJ....123.1200C", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002ApJS..140..239C", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002RMxAC..12..257D", "2003A&A...412...45P", "2003MNRAS.339..652K", "2004A&A...425..367B", "2004AJ....128.2013C", "2004AJ....128.2642C", "2004RvMP...76.1211J", "2005ASPC..329...49F", "2005MNRAS.361..701F", "2005astro.ph..2105S", "2006A&A...457..405C", "2006A&A...457..425C", "2006ATel..860....1A", "2006PhDT.......399S", "2007A&A...472...29D", "2008PASP..120..235R", "2008arXiv0810.2646H", "2009AJ....137.3000H", "2010MNRAS.401.1151M", "2011ApJ...727...83M", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2013ApJ...770...56G", "2013MNRAS.432..243P", "2013MNRAS.433...47H", "2020A&A...642A.153D" ]
[ "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1986MNRAS.221..233P", "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1989MNRAS.236..207M", "1989MNRAS.236P...7C", "1990MNRAS.247P...1M", "1991ApJS...75..935D", "1991MNRAS.253..222W", "1992MNRAS.254..295C", "1992MNRAS.257..650F", "1994ApJ...424L...1D", "1995MNRAS.274..769M", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1996ApJS..107..201L", "1996MNRAS.281L..47R", "1997A&A...317...43B", "1997AJ....114.2205G", "1998MNRAS.296..173R", "1998MNRAS.296..191R" ]
2087898
null
Star formation triggered by galaxy collisions
It is becoming increasingly clear that collisions between galaxies play an important role in galaxy evolution. The ultraluminous infrared galaxies are predominantly powered by enormous star-formation events that are triggered in the last phases of such collisions. These bursts occur just before the galaxies merge to form single elliptical galaxies.
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13.641368
7.665216
1998-10-01
27
1998Natur.395..859G
[ "single elliptical galaxies", "galaxy evolution", "galaxies", "such collisions", "collisions", "The ultraluminous infrared galaxies", "enormous star-formation events", "the galaxies", "the last phases", "an important role" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1038/27597" ]
[ "Genzel, Reinhard", "Lutz, Dieter", "Tacconi, Linda" ]
[ "Reinhard Genzel, Dieter Lutz and Linda Tacconi are at the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, Germany", "Reinhard Genzel, Dieter Lutz and Linda Tacconi are at the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, Germany", "Reinhard Genzel, Dieter Lutz and Linda Tacconi are at the Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, Germany" ]
[ "1999AJ....118.2132J", "1999ASPC..193...75B", "1999Ap&SS.266..157T", "1999Ap&SS.269..399S", "1999ApJ...524..732T", "1999Natur.399..330B", "1999astro.ph..5118S", "2000ASPC..197..279L", "2001A&A...372..357H", "2001Ap&SS.276..569L", "2001ApJ...556..141D", "2001IAUS..204..179S", "2001MNRAS.324....1W", "2002LNP...589...71B", "2002NewAR..46...75B", "2008AJ....135.1900A", "2008ApJ...684..136G", "2009A&A...507.1359E", "2010A&A...524A..56E", "2012PhDT........20M", "2015ApJ...799..227G", "2018PASJ...70S..52T", "2020arXiv200602279O", "2020arXiv201008816T", "2021PASJ...73..417T", "2022ApJ...927..166P", "2024PASJ..tmp...46T" ]
[ "1956ErNW...29..344Z", "1963ZA.....58...12P", "1972ApJ...178..623T", "1984ARA&A..22..471R", "1984ApJ...278L..67D", "1984ApJ...287...95L", "1984MNRAS.209..111J", "1985MNRAS.214...87J", "1987ARA&A..25..187S", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1990ApJ...354L...5G", "1996A&A...315L.133S", "1996A&A...315L.137L", "1996ARA&A..34..749S", "1996ApJ...464..641M", "1996ApJ...471..115B", "1996MNRAS.278.1049R", "1997ApJ...484..702S", "1997xisc.conf..161K", "1998A&A...333L...1M", "1998ApJ...492L.107S", "1998ApJ...493L..17S", "1998ApJ...498..579G", "1998ApJ...505L.103L" ]
2087526
null
Tidally induced star formation in Abell 1367
Our principal aim is to compare global star formation rates between cluster galaxies and field galaxies in order to clarify environmental influence on star formation. We use an objective prism technique to survey over 200 Zwicky catalogue (CGCG) galaxies within ~2 deg.5 of Abell 1367 for Hα emission. After a brief discussion of the survey characteristics, we consider first the dependence of Hα detection on Hubble type, galaxy disturbance and the presence of a bar. As expected, we rarely detect early-type galaxies and consequently restrict further discussion to spirals (type S0/a and later), of which we detect ~35per cent in Hα. We find that an extremely valuable distinction to make is between galaxies with diffuse Hα and galaxies with compact Hα. There is a very significant tendency for galaxies with compact Hα emission to be disturbed, and there may be a weak tendency for them to be barred. Neither of these tendencies is found for galaxies with diffuse Hα emission. We infer that compact emission results from tidally induced star formation, while diffuse emission results from more normal disc star formation. After considering field contamination, we adopt as a `predominantly cluster' sample the spiral population inside 0.5 r_A; a `predominantly field' sample outside 0.5 r_A; and a `pure field' sample outside 1.5 r_A. We consistently find a much larger fraction of spirals detected with compact Hα in the cluster sample compared to the field samples (e.g. 38 versus 0per cent detected in cluster and `pure field' samples, chi^2 significance 3.6sigma). This increased fraction detected in the cluster is found for early-, mid- and late-type spirals separately. No such cluster/field differences are found for galaxies with diffuse Hα emission. We conclude that tidal perturbations are more common in the cluster than in the field, leading to a higher incidence of compact tidally triggered star formation. By combining information on galaxy disturbance, galaxy companions, and the location of galaxies within the cluster, we have tried to identify the origin of the tidal perturbations. We find strong evidence that near-neighbour interaction plays a significant role in triggering star formation. However, we also find candidate objects near the cluster core which may be perturbed by the overall cluster tidal field, and candidate objects which may be influenced by a higher speed `harassment' interaction between galaxies.
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12.476805
6.598453
1998-10-01
34
1998MNRAS.300..205M
[ "cluster galaxies", "field galaxies", "galaxy disturbance", "compact Hα emission", "galaxies", "galaxy companions", "diffuse Hα emission", "Hα emission", "compact Hα", "star formation" ]
[ "STARS: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: ABELL 1367", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01894.x" ]
[ "Moss, C.", "Whittle, M.", "Pesce, J. E." ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA" ]
[ "1999ApJS..125...35S", "1999cezh.conf..175V", "2000ASPC..197..377M", "2000ASPC..215..305M", "2000MNRAS.317..667M", "2000MNRAS.318..703B", "2001AJ....121..753B", "2001ASPC..230..329S", "2001ApJ...548..681B", "2002A&A...384...33B", "2002A&A...384..383I", "2002A&A...386..114G", "2002A&A...393..843D", "2002A&A...396..449G", "2002ApJ...578..842S", "2004ApJ...600..695R", "2004MNRAS.349..357B", "2005AJ....130.2559Y", "2005MNRAS.357.1337M", "2006A&A...446..839G", "2006MNRAS.373..167M", "2006PASP..118..517B", "2008A&A...486..755T", "2008A&A...489...11B", "2009AN....330.1043L", "2010A&A...524A..24B", "2011A&A...527A.101K", "2011EAS....48..171L", "2011MNRAS.412.1295M", "2012A&A...544A.101C", "2019MNRAS.490.5375K", "2020MNRAS.497..466S", "2021PASA...38...35C", "2024MNRAS.527.5792L" ]
[ "1958ApJS....3..211A", "1959HDP....53..275D", "1960ApJ...132..325O", "1963cgcg.book.....Z", "1973ugcg.book.....N", "1974ApJ...194....1O", "1974IAUS...58....1D", "1978ApJ...222...54T", "1978MNRAS.183..633G", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1983AJ.....88..483K", "1984AJ.....89.1279K", "1984ASSL..110..409K", "1985ApJ...288..481D", "1985BICDS..29...87K", "1986ApJ...304L...5L", "1987ApJS...63..543S", "1988A&A...203..259N", "1988ApJ...324..112T", "1988MNRAS.232..381M", "1989cpg..book.....P", "1990A&A...235...60D", "1990ApJ...350...89B", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1991AJ....101.1207G", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992BICDS..41...31H", "1993AJ....106..831H", "1993AJ....106.1273Z", "1993ApJ...407L..17M", "1993ApJ...409..110S", "1993ApJS...88..383L", "1994A&AS..107..285G", "1994AJ....108...24G", "1994ApJ...430..107D", "1994ApJ...430..121C", "1995ApJ...438..590G", "1995MNRAS.274..153K", "1996AJ....111..696K", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997A&A...321...84B", "1997ApJ...474..561O" ]
2065593
null
Dynamics of cD Clusters of Galaxies. III. Redshift Data for 11 Abell Clusters
We present the final observational data for a spectroscopic study of a sample of cD galaxy clusters. The goal of this program has been to study the dynamics of the clusters, with emphasis on determining the nature and frequency of peculiar-velocity cD galaxies. In this paper we present redshifts for 762 galaxies in the fields of the rich Abell clusters A779, A1691, A1749, A1767, A1837, A1927, A2067, A2079, A2089, A2199, and A2666. We also present preliminary dynamical properties for these clusters using our measured redshifts.
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12.927773
5.292212
1998-10-01
23
1998AJ....116.1529H
[ "galaxy clusters", "preliminary dynamical properties", "redshifts", "A2079", "A2067", "A1927", "A1837", "A1767", "A1749", "emphasis" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: MISCELLANEOUS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300575" ]
[ "Hill, John M.", "Oegerle, William R." ]
[ "Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2695" ]
[ "1999ApJS..125...35S", "2000A&A...361...13A", "2000ApJ...533L..93B", "2000fepc.conf..138B", "2001AJ....122.2858O", "2001ApJ...546..812M", "2002A&A...382..389K", "2002AJ....123.3018M", "2002AJ....124.1266R", "2002BaltA..11..269K", "2004ApJ...613..841M", "2004MNRAS.353.1219M", "2006AJ....131.2426M", "2007MNRAS.378.1575S", "2009JApA...30....1B", "2010A&A...522A..33H", "2011arXiv1101.5589R", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2012MNRAS.425..162A", "2015RAA....15.1773Y", "2017ApJ...835..280L", "2017ApJ...842...88S", "2017MNRAS.464.3882W" ]
[ "1961AJ.....66..558M", "1964ApJ...140...35M", "1974ApJ...188..221T", "1975ApJ...202L.113O", "1977ApJ...214..347Y", "1977ApJ...217L.125O", "1978ApJ...224..320H", "1979AJ.....84.1511T", "1979ApJ...234L..21J", "1980A&A....82..322D", "1980AJ.....85..626H", "1980ApJ...241..486H", "1982AJ.....87.1656H", "1983ApJS...52...89H", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1984ApJ...279...13T", "1984ApJ...286..422G", "1985AJ.....90.2431T", "1986AJ.....92.1238P", "1986SPIE..627..303H", "1986SPIE..627..733T", "1988AJ.....95..267P", "1990AJ....100...32B", "1990ApJS...74....1Z", "1991AJ....101..783M", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....104.2078O", "1992BICDS..41...31H", "1993AJ....106..831H", "1993AJ....106.1273Z", "1993ApJ...416...36P", "1994AJ....107..857O", "1994SPIE.2198..782L", "1995AJ....109.1458R", "1995ApJ...440...28P", "1997MNRAS.291..461S" ]
2065589
null
CO Survey of a Distance-limited Seyfert Sample. I. The Data
We present the data of ^12CO (J = 1-0) observations of the central regions of a sample of 43 nearby Seyfert galaxies (cz &lt;= 5000 km s^-1) with the NRO 45 m telescope. The general properties of this sample are also discussed, but a more detailed analysis is deferred to Paper II. The CO detection rate of this sample (i.e., almost 50%) is comparable to that of other spiral galaxy surveys in similar redshift ranges made with that telescope. There seems to be no difference in the detection rates of Seyfert galaxies types 1 and 2. Since we observed a single point centered at the nucleus, and the average ratio of the beam HPBW of the 45 m telescope to the apparent optical diameter of these objects was 0.13, only a small fraction of the total molecular gas is recovered. However, a clear correlation of the CO contents with the IRAS FIR luminosities is also seen, and there seems to be a tendency for Seyfert galaxies to be closer to normal galaxies than to starbursts. The radial distribution of the molecular gas in these galaxies is compatible in most cases with a steeply decreasing function. Our high spatial resolution observations trace the interface region between the large scale properties of the disks of the host galaxies and the active nuclear regions. This interface region is the one most directly associated to the fuelling of the nuclear energy source in these objects and can be thus compared with data on samples of nonactive galaxies at similar spatial scales to deduce the possible relation of the circumnuclear gas contents and dynamics with nuclear activity (see Paper II).
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12.552726
8.602607
1998-10-01
20
1998AJ....116.1553V
[ "Seyfert galaxies", "Seyfert galaxies types", "nonactive galaxies", "normal galaxies", "other spiral galaxy surveys", "similar spatial scales", "samples", "nuclear activity", "similar redshift ranges", "Seyfert" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "ISM: MOLECULES" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300527" ]
[ "Vila-Vilaró, B.", "Taniguchi, Y.", "Nakai, N." ]
[ "Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-1305, Japan", "Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980, Japan", "Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-1305, Japan" ]
[ "1999ApJ...524...65T", "1999ApJ...525..691S", "2000AJ....119..620N", "2001A&A...372..406R", "2001ASPC..249..672K", "2002A&A...394..405O", "2003A&A...407..485G", "2003ApJ...587..649P", "2003PASJ...55..103K", "2003PASJ...55L...1K", "2004A&A...414..857C", "2004IAUS..222..357R", "2007A&A...470..571B", "2007ApJ...657..177W", "2007ApJ...669..959R", "2008A&A...479..377L", "2008A&A...490...61C", "2010ApJ...724.1336M", "2012ApJ...753..135K", "2013ApJ...768...55P" ]
[ "1976ApJS...30..247U", "1985A&A...143..267B", "1985ApJ...298L..31S", "1985ApJS...57..261V", "1986ApJ...304..443Y", "1986ApJS...62..751M", "1987ApJ...312..555R", "1987ApJ...322...64S", "1987sbge.proc..381H", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989ApJ...337..691K", "1989ApJ...342..735H", "1989ApJ...343..659U", "1990A&A...229...17K", "1990ApJ...358..132T", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...264..433B", "1992ASPC...31..357T", "1993A&A...272..123S", "1993A&AS...97..887B", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993ApJ...419...86H", "1993PASJ...45...43S", "1994AJ....107.2006D", "1995A&AS..110..521B", "1995PhDT........59N", "1996A&AS..115..439E" ]
2067727
null
Gamma-Ray Burst Counterparts: Optical Data
The surest solution of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) mystery is to find an unambiguous low-energy quiescent counterpart. To this end, we have intensively searched within the smallest GRB error boxes for any counterpart candidates. This paper reports on 255 hr of exposure with ground-based telescopes since 1981. We report our results in the U, B, V, R. I, J, H, and K bands. We find the usual array of mildly unusual sources in the boxes, but none is sufficiently unusual to suggest a causal connection. We find that the smallest boxes are empty to fairly deep magnitudes. This fact can be of significance since virtually all cosmological models place bright bursters inside normal host galaxies at moderate distances. To allow for quantitative evaluation of the predictions of these models, we have compiled a list of limits on the brighest galaxy inside each of the 26 regions in various bands. This list was compiled from our own results as well as from the published literature. The limits on host galaxy luminosities from these data are substantially more restrictive than the limits from recent optical transients because the bursts we report on are much brighter than the bursts with optical transients.
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16.417828
0.51858
1998-10-01
13
1998ApJS..118..353S
[ "normal host galaxies", "host galaxy luminosities", "recent optical transients", "bright bursters", "limits", "optical transients", "R. I", "GRB", "the smallest GRB error boxes", "K bands" ]
[ "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GAMMA RAYS: BURSTS", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Gamma Rays: Bursts" ]
1
[ "10.1086/313141" ]
[ "Schaefer, Bradley E.", "Cline, Thomas L.", "Hurley, Kevin C.", "Laros, John G." ]
[ "Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520-8121", "Code 661, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771;", "Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;", "University of Arizona, Lunar, and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721;" ]
[ "1998ApJS..118..391L", "1999A&AS..138..477S", "1999ApJ...511L..79S", "1999ApJ...514..862B", "1999ApJ...524...92H", "2000ApJ...533L..21S", "2000Icar..146..541S", "2000RvMA...13..129K", "2006ApJ...642L..25S", "2007PhR...442..166N", "2012A&A...545A..77R", "2020ApJ...893...77W", "2021ApJ...923...38N" ]
[ "1971PASP...83..199K", "1980ApJ...236L..67T", "1981A&A...100L...1C", "1981Ap&SS..75..135F", "1981ApJ...245L..63L", "1981ApJ...246L.133C", "1981ApJ...246L.137H", "1981Natur.294..722S", "1982A&A...107L...5A", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1982ApJ...255L..45C", "1983AdSpR...3..203H", "1983ApJ...270L..43P", "1983ApJ...270L..49S", "1984ApJ...280..150B", "1984ApJ...286L...1S", "1984ApJ...286L...5B", "1984ApJ...286L..15C", "1985A&A...145..201M", "1985ApJ...290..728L", "1986AdSpR...6...75R", "1986IBVS.2948....1H", "1987ApJ...313..226S", "1987ApJ...318..363H", "1987ApJS...64..305A", "1987IBVS.3121....1H", "1988IBVS.3143....1H", "1989ApJ...336..889H", "1989ApJ...340..455S", "1990A&A...235..174H", "1990A&A...235..185M", "1990ApJ...364..590S", "1991ApJ...366L..39S", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1993A&AS...97...39H", "1993Natur.366...40F", "1994A&A...284..499H", "1994AJ....107..254H", "1994AJ....108..600H", "1994ApJ...424...68V", "1994ApJ...431L..31H", "1994ApJ...433L..81I", "1994ApJS...92..655H", "1994BSAO...38...46S", "1994hgrb.symp..458B", "1994hgrb.symp..682H", "1994hgrb.symp..687H", "1995ApJ...445..348H", "1995ApJ...446..115V", "1996ApJ...460L..95L", "1996ApJ...464..342H", "1996ApJ...469L.105H", "1996ApJS..106...65M", "1996AstL...22..502S", "1996hgrb.symp..589B", "1997ApJ...481L..39B", "1997ApJ...485L...1H", "1997ApJ...489..693S", "1997ApJ...491...93L", "1997IAUC.6597....1B", "1997IAUC.6610....1F", "1997IAUC.6616....2G", "1997IAUC.6617....1P", "1997IAUC.6628....2P", "1997IAUC.6629....1C", "1997IAUC.6631....2M", "1997IAUC.6632....1H", "1997IAUC.6635....1P", "1997IAUC.6649....1C", "1997IAUC.6654....2H", "1997IAUC.6656....1P", "1997IAUC.6674....2F", "1997IAUC.6676....3M", "1997Natur.386..686V", "1997Natur.387..476S", "1997Natur.387..783C", "1997Natur.387..878M", "1998ApJS..118..391L", "1998GCN....31....1Z", "1998GCN....87....1B", "2000AIPC..526....3H" ]
2065576
null
Deep Hubble Space Telescope Galaxy and Pair Counts as Tests of Merger History
We consider the use of counts of faint galaxy pairs as tests of the role of merging in galaxy evolution, using both simulations and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data in comparison with models incorporating a range in the evolution of merger rate. Artificial data, including simulation of the surface-brightness selection effects implicit in HST imagery, indicate that simple pairing statistics are robust enough for this test. However, the differences between pair fractions for various plausible scenarios of merger-rate evolution are small enough to be easily hidden by statistical errors or environmental differences. With a Poisson-based algorithm, we identify pairs with physical distances between components &lt;~60 h^-1 kpc. Deep HST WFPC2 images of the field around the radio galaxy 53W002 at z = 2.4 in F814W (I) and F606W (V) show that 12%-20% (~10 pairs) of galaxies at m_I &lt;~ 24 or m_V &lt;~ 24.6 are paired. This supports a mild enhancement of pair fraction toward high redshifts (&lt;~1-2), as concluded in other recent studies of faint galaxy pairs. The magnitude limits eliminate most possible members of the grouping associated with 53W002 itself. We compare the counts of galaxies and galaxy pairs in the 53W002 field and other recent studies to a detailed model incorporating overall ``traditional'' galaxy spectral evolution and various merger rates, in conjunction with our previous evaluation of the local merger rate. The data support evolution of the merger rate, such that the comoving density of merging systems varies as (1 + z)^alpha, with 0 &lt;= alpha &lt;= 2. This is consistent with the constraint alpha &lt; 3, beyond which local elliptical galaxies (E/S0 types) are overproduced from merging, and includes the case alpha ~ 2 required by our model to support the ``merger hypothesis,'' whereby almost all elliptical galaxies are merger remnants. The alpha ~ 2 case also expects a large fraction of early galaxies undergoing merging. Therefore, we support the merger-rate evolution required to support the ``merger hypothesis'' and the expectation that early merging is important in the overall evolution of galaxies. Assuming merger remnants to be elliptical galaxies subsequently undergoing passive evolution, our model can reproduce at once counts of faint galaxies and galaxy pairs, as well as the present-day luminosity function of ellipticals, for the Hubble constant H_0 ~ 50 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 and a cosmological constant Lambda = 0. These lines of evidence do not appear to offer compelling arguments for more exotic cosmologies or star formation histories. A preliminary study shows the fraction of paired galaxies in the 53W002 field to be much larger than that in the Hubble Deep Field (5%-6% at most in the HDF), suggesting physical field-to-field fluctuations in pair statistics. Further progress to constrain merging history requires not only larger samples, preferably coupled to at least partial redshift information, but better indications as to which faint objects in multiple systems should be considered as independent galaxies and which are parts of single dynamical units. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
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11.656398
6.185126
1998-10-01
18
1998AJ....116.1513W
[ "faint galaxy pairs", "galaxy pairs", "galaxy evolution", "faint galaxies", "elliptical galaxies", "early galaxies", "paired galaxies", "galaxies", "galaxy", "independent galaxies" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: STATISTICS" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300526" ]
[ "Wu, Wentao", "Keel, William C." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324" ]
[ "1999PhR...321....1S", "2000A&A...353...92R", "2000ASPC..215..186S", "2000ApJ...541..644X", "2000AstL...26...61R", "2001AJ....122.2993S", "2003AJ....126.1183C", "2004ApJ...603L..73X", "2005AJ....130.1516D", "2006A&A...454...67F", "2007ApJS..172..320K", "2009ApJ...692..511W", "2009ApJ...695.1559D", "2009MNRAS.400..743K", "2009arXiv0901.4545D", "2010ApJ...713..330X", "2013ASPC..477...43D", "2023A&A...679A.142O" ]
[ "1972AISAO...7....3K", "1977egsp.conf..401T", "1980lssu.book.....P", "1982PhDT........32V", "1983IAUS..100..337W", "1985A&A...146...38K", "1986seg..work..439S", "1989ApJ...337...34Z", "1989ibg..book.....S", "1990ApJ...350..505C", "1990IAUCo.124....3K", "1990dig..book...60S", "1991ApJ...380..362W", "1991MNRAS.249..481J", "1991MNRAS.249..498M", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992ARA&A..30..705B", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992ApJ...395..130P", "1992ApJ...399L..31C", "1992Natur.355...55B", "1993ApJ...403..552Y", "1993ApJ...404...51E", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...407L...9C", "1993ApJ...415L..21K", "1993MNRAS.262..627L", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994ApJ...426..459C", "1994ApJ...429..582C", "1994ApJ...429L..13B", "1994ApJ...434L..55M", "1994ApJ...435..540C", "1994ApJ...436..559M", "1994MNRAS.266..155D", "1995AJ....110..129K", "1995ApJ...440..470F", "1995ApJ...440L...1G", "1995ApJ...445...37Y", "1995ApJ...449L..23D", "1995ApJ...453..559N", "1995ApJ...453..599C", "1995ApJ...454...32W", "1995ApJ...455..108L", "1996AJ....112..839C", "1996AJ....112.1335W", "1996ApJ...473L..63C", "1996MNRAS.280..235E", "1996MNRAS.282L...1G", "1996Natur.383...45P", "1997AJ....113....1S", "1997ApJ...480...59N", "1997ApJ...483..565P", "1997MNRAS.284..286D" ]
2087488
null
Identification of newly discovered radio-emitting X-ray sources: results from spectroscopy
We present optical identifications for a sample of 20 previously unknown X-ray/radio sources that are present both in the source catalogue of ROSAT PSPC pointed observations (ROSAT SRC) and in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). The optical spectroscopy was carried out with the 2.1-m telescope at San Pedro Martir (Mexico) during 1995 April and September. We have identified 15 active galactic nuclei [including 12 broad-emission-line (FWHM &gt;1000kms^-1) objects, one bona fide BL Lac, one BL Lac candidate and one narrow-line (FWHM &lt; 1000kms^-1) radio galaxy] and five radio galaxies. We derive the X-ray fluxes and luminosities by analysing the PSPC exposures, and show the radio morphology from the NVSS maps. We find that the correlation between the monochromatic X-ray luminosity at 2 keV and the core radio luminosity at 5 GHz for the radio galaxies in our sample follows that found for the 3CR radio galaxies, suggesting a possible nuclear origin for the X-ray emission in these sources. This correlation is weaker in the case of broad-line objects, indicating the presence of another (unbeamed) mechanism for the X-ray emission only weakly related to the radio emission.
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14.743705
6.113688
1998-10-01
10
1998MNRAS.299.1047W
[ "radio galaxy", "the monochromatic X-ray luminosity", "the X-ray emission", "San Pedro Martir", "the X-ray fluxes", "ROSAT PSPC", "ROSAT SRC", "BL Lac", "optical identifications", "luminosities" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "BL LACERTAE OBJECTS: GENERAL", "QUASARS: GENERAL", "RADIO CONTINUUM: GALAXIES", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01834.x" ]
[ "Wolter, A.", "Ruscica, C.", "Caccianiga, A." ]
[ "Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy", "Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy", "Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy" ]
[ "1999A&A...349..475S", "1999ASPC..159..503W", "2000A&A...357...91F", "2000A&AS..144..247C", "2002ApJ...566..181C", "2006ApJ...637..183L", "2014mcb5.book.....M", "2018ApJ...867...25C", "2019ApJ...884L..20C", "2021ApJS..253...46P" ]
[ "1983ApJ...270..119M", "1984ApJ...277..115F", "1984ApJ...286..491F", "1987AJ.....94..899D", "1987ApJS...63..295V", "1991ApJ...380...49M", "1991ApJS...76..813S", "1992A&A...256..399P", "1992A&A...258...74T", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1993ApJS...87..451H", "1995A&AS..109..147B", "1995A&AS..112..347C", "1995ApJ...444..567P", "1996MNRAS.279.1331S", "1996MNRAS.281..425M", "1996MNRAS.282..421P", "1997A&A...319..413B", "1997ApJ...476...83T", "1997MNRAS.284..225W", "1997PASP..109..166C" ]
2065654
null
X-Ray Properties of NGC 1313: Second-Epoch PSPC Observations
Second-epoch ROSAT PSPC observations of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 1313 show that the extended X-ray emission surrounding the bright ``nuclear'' source can be mostly attributed to at least three individual sources, each with L_X(0.1-2.4keV) ~ 10^38-39 ergs s^-1 and lying within ~2.6 kpc from the central source. One of these three sources shows up only as an extension of the nuclear source in the east-west direction but becomes more apparent after subtracting out the main source. We find no evidence for X-ray emission from hot, interstellar gas and show that if such emission is present, it has a surface brightness &lt;=5 x 10^36 ergs s^-1 arcmin^-2 and an integrated X-ray luminosity less than ~5 x 10^38 ergs s^-1. We find that of the 10 point sources detected, four of them show definite signs of variability between the two epochs of PSPC data. We also discuss an attempted revision of the description of the point-spread function of the PSPC.
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13.262984
8.185077
1998-10-01
11
1998AJ....116.1657M
[ "X-ray emission", "such emission", "the extended X-ray emission", "PSPC data", "an integrated X-ray luminosity", "PSPC", "definite signs", "Second-epoch ROSAT PSPC observations", "the nuclear source", "the nearby barred spiral galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC NUMBER: NGC 1313", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "STARS: SUPERNOVAE: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: SN 1978K", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300551" ]
[ "Miller, Scott", "Schlegel, Eric M.", "Petre, Robert", "Colbert, Edward" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland", "Research Scientist, Universities Space Research Association; Center for Astrophysics, Mail Stop 4, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Greenbelt, MD 20771", "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, Greenbelt, MD 20771" ]
[ "1999AJ....118.2689S", "2000AJ....120.2373S", "2001ApJ...554.1282M", "2002AJ....124..751C", "2002ApJS..143...25C", "2004ApJ...603..523Z", "2007ApJ...669.1130S", "2007MNRAS.381..418H", "2008MNRAS.387L..36T", "2009AIPC.1133..253S", "2011AN....332..422Z" ]
[ "1963ApJ...137..720D", "1979A&AS...36...95C", "1981ApJ...246L..61L", "1982A&A...105...76M", "1983A&AS...51..353M", "1983ApJ...275..571M", "1988ApJ...324..749F", "1988ApJ...325..531T", "1988ApJ...325..544F", "1989AJ.....98..766S", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1989ApJ...340..708D", "1989nrpa.book.....P", "1990ApJ...356..110T", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992ApJ...388...82D", "1993ApJ...416..167R", "1994ApJ...424..714S", "1994ApJ...434..523S", "1994ApJ...436L.123S", "1994PASJ...46L.115P", "1994exrb.conf..611H", "1994nhxr.conf..519P", "1994sxrc.conf...75S", "1995A&A...295..289E", "1995AJ....109.1199S", "1995AJ....109.1592R", "1995ApJ...438..663M", "1995ApJ...446..177C", "1995MNRAS.276..530C", "1995xrbi.nasa....1W", "1996ApJ...456..187S", "1997ApJ...478..542F", "1997ApJ...490L..47D", "1997MNRAS.286..626R", "1997PASP..109.1298D" ]
2067669
null
Near-Infrared Halo Emission in the Edge-on Spiral Galaxy ESO 240-G11
In an extremely deep K<SUB>dark</SUB> band (2.27-2.43 μm) image of the southern edge-on spiral galaxy ESO 240-G11, we detect halo emission extending to between 10 and 15 h<SUP>-1</SUP><SUB>69</SUB> kpc away from the disk in vertical cuts near the nucleus. In vertical cuts taken well away from the nucleus, no halo emission is detected. To our detection limit, these data are well modeled by a spherically symmetric component having an exponential radial surface brightness profile plus a sech z disk. The exponential radial surface brightness profile suggests an unusually faint and extended spiral bulge. A ρ ~ r<SUP>-3.5</SUP> spheroid plus sech z disk is nearly as good a fit. It is also possible to fit these data with a ρ ~ r<SUP>-2</SUP> component tracing the massive halo. However, this requires a larger error in setting the sky level than appears likely. These data, which were taken with a 60 cm infrared optimized telescope at the South Pole, permit surface photometry reaching 25 mag arcsec<SUP>-2</SUP>. ESO 240-G11 is dynamically, environmentally, and morphologically similar to NGC 5907. In NGC 5907, several authors have detected red and near-infrared halo emission at comparable imaging depths that appears to trace the dark matter halo.
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10.64103
6.995787
1998-10-01
8
1998ApJ...506..116R
[ "halo emission", "sech z disk", "surface photometry", "spiral galaxy", "comparable imaging depths", "The exponential radial surface brightness profile", "an exponential radial surface brightness profile", "vertical cuts", "sech", "r" ]
[ "GALAXIES: HALOS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: ESO 240-G11", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "Galaxies: Halos", "Galaxies: Individual: Alphanumeric: ESO 240-G11", "Galaxies: Photometry", "Galaxies: Spiral", "Galaxies: Structure" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306250" ]
[ "Rauscher, Bernard J.", "Lloyd, James P.", "Barnaby, David", "Harper, Doyal A.", "Hereld, Mark", "Loewenstein, Robert F.", "Severson, Scott A.", "Mrozek, Fred" ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK", "Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, WI 53191.", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, WI 53191.", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, WI 53191.", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637", "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637" ]
[ "2000MNRAS.312..470B", "2002A&A...383..472N", "2002AJ....124.1328D", "2003astro.ph.10584R", "2004MNRAS.347..556Z", "2005HiA....13..937R", "2010EAS....45..421Q", "2011A&A...530A..10Q" ]
[ "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1982euse.book.....L", "1992AJ....103..332W", "1992ApJS...81..413M", "1992nrfa.book.....P", "1994AJ....107.1717B", "1994AJ....108.1191M", "1994Natur.370..441S", "1995AJ....109.1608R", "1995ASPC...79..195R", "1995ApJS...99..501P", "1995rtcc.conf..195R", "1996A&A...312L...1L", "1996A&A...313...45D", "1996A&AS..118..557D", "1996IEEES...9...14J", "1996PASP..108..718N", "1996PASP..108..721A", "1997A&A...320L..21D", "1997A&A...327..966D", "1997ASPC..117....1S", "1997MNRAS.290L..77S", "1997Natur.387..159R", "1997dvmg.proc....1S" ]
1213786
astro-ph/9802311
The formation of disc galaxies
We investigate the influence of the cooling epoch on the formation of galaxies in a cold dark matter dominated universe. Isolated haloes, with circular speeds typical of spiral galaxies, have been selected from a low-resolution numerical simulation for resimulation at higher resolution. Initial conditions for each halo consist of a high-resolution region containing dark matter and gas, and a nested hierarchy of particles representing the mass distribution of the original low-resolution simulation. These initial conditions are evolved with two smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) codes, TREESPHGRAPESPH, so that discrepancies due to differences in evolutionary and star formation algorithms can be analysed. In previous SPH simulations, strong outward transport of angular momentum has led to the formation of disc-like systems with much smaller angular momenta than observed in real disc galaxies. Here we investigate whether this problem can be circumvented if feedback processes prevent disc formation until late epochs. In some of our models, the gas is evolved adiabatically until a specified redshift z_cool, at which point the gas is allowed to cool radiatively and star formation may begin. In other models, cooling is continuous throughout the evolution but suppressed by a factor chosen to allow discs to grow roughly linearly with time. The results of varying the cooling epoch for each of five different haloes are analysed. When cooling and star formation are initiated at redshift z_cool=4, stellar discs are destroyed during merger events and we observe catastrophic transport of angular momentum similar to that seen in previous work. With cooling suppressed until z_cool=1, discs can form by the present day with angular momenta comparable to those of observed disc galaxies. We conclude that feedback processes, which prevent gas from collapsing until late epochs, are an essential ingredient in disc galaxy formation.
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11.133275
6.572732
1998-11-01
186
1998MNRAS.300..773W
[ "disc galaxy formation", "disc formation", "observed disc galaxies", "real disc galaxies", "star formation", "stellar discs", "discs", "angular momentum", "angular momenta", "higher resolution" ]
[ "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "DARK MATTER", "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01931.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9802311" ]
[ "Weil, M. L.", "Eke, V. R.", "Efstathiou, G." ]
[ "Department of Physics, Oxford University, Astrophysics Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH", "Department of Physics, Oxford University, Astrophysics Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH", "Department of Physics, Oxford University, Astrophysics Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH" ]
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[ "1955ApJ...121..161S", "1969ApJ...155..393P", "1976Natur.263..573D", "1977A&A....54..661T", "1977AJ.....82.1013L", "1977MNRAS.181..375G", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1979ApJ...227...67A", "1980MNRAS.193..189F", "1981MNRAS.197..553B", "1983IAUS..100..391F", "1984ASIC..117..361E", "1984ApJ...286...38W", "1985A&A...149..135M", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985ApJS...57..241E", "1986MNRAS.221.1039P", "1987ApJ...319..575B", "1987ApJS...64..715H", "1988ApJ...327..507F", "1988ApJ...330..519Z", "1988MNRAS.232..431E", "1988PhDT.........1E", "1989ApJS...70..419H", "1990ApJ...348..647B", "1990Natur.345...33S", "1991ApJ...377..365K", "1991ApJ...380..320N", "1992ApJ...391..502K", "1992ApJS...78..341C", "1992ApJS...81..413M", "1992MNRAS.258P...1E", "1993ApJ...412..455K", "1993MNRAS.262.1023W", "1993MNRAS.265..271N", "1993PASJ...45..329O", "1994MNRAS.271..743V", "1995ApJ...448..563B", "1995MNRAS.272L..25E", "1995MNRAS.275...56N", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1995MNRAS.276..549S", "1996ApJ...465L..15V", "1996MNRAS.278.1005S", "1996MNRAS.278L..49Q", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1997ApJ...478...13N", "1997ApJ...479L.121V", "1997ApJ...482..659D", "1997ApJ...490..493N", "1997MNRAS.284..235Y", "1997astro.ph.10125L", "1998ApJ...499...20J", "1998ApJ...500...75L", "1998ApJ...503..569E", "1998MNRAS.295..319M", "1998MNRAS.297L..71M" ]
3129074
astro-ph/9801250
Mock 2dF and SDSS galaxy redshift surveys
We present a comprehensive set of mock 2dF and SDSS galaxy redshift surveys constructed from a set of large, high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations. The radial selection functions and geometrical limits of the catalogues mimic those of the genuine surveys. The catalogues span a wide range of cosmologies, including both open and flat universes. In all the models the galaxy distributions are biased so as approximately to reproduce the observed galaxy correlation function on scales of 1-10h^-1Mpc. In some cases models with a variety of different biasing prescriptions are included. All the mock catalogues are publicly available at http://star-www.dur.ac.uk/&amp;tildecole/mocks/main.html. We expect these catalogues to be a valuable aid in the development of the new algorithms and statistics that will be used to analyse the 2dF and SDSS surveys when they are completed in the next few years. Mock catalogues of the PSCz survey of IRAS galaxies are also available at the same World Wide Web location.
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11.837984
4.164365
1998-11-01
162
1998MNRAS.300..945C
[ "SDSS galaxy redshift surveys", "Mock catalogues", "IRAS galaxies", "mock 2dF", "World Wide", "different biasing prescriptions", "geometrical limits", "SDSS", "the observed galaxy correlation function", "the same World Wide Web location" ]
[ "SURVEYS", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01936.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9801250" ]
[ "Cole, Shaun", "Hatton, Steve", "Weinberg, David H.", "Frenk, Carlos S." ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE", "Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 174 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE" ]
[ "1998Sci...280.1405G", "1999ApJ...510...11R", "1999ApJ...510...20W", "1999MNRAS.304..893S", "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "1999MNRAS.307..537D", "1999MNRAS.308....1B", "1999MNRAS.308..289S", "1999MNRAS.308..459F", "1999MNRAS.309..659H", "1999MNRAS.310.1128H", "1999MNRAS.310.1137H", "1999PNAS...96.4228E", "1999RSPTA.357..105C", "2000ASPC..195...13E", "2000ASPC..201..278D", "2000ApJ...528....1N", "2000ApJ...529..795C", "2000ApJ...539....5F", "2000ApJ...544..597S", "2000ApJS..129....1T", "2000ChA&A..24..413F", "2000MNRAS.312..638S", "2000MNRAS.313..587N", "2000MNRAS.315..767D", "2000MNRAS.317L..51H", "2000MNRAS.318..280M", "2000MNRAS.318..665D", "2000MNRAS.318.1177D", "2000MNRAS.318L..45S", "2001A&A...373....1K", "2001ASPC..232...75H", "2001ApJ...546..157V", "2001ApJS..136....1N", "2001ChJAA...1..200Y", "2001ChPhL..18..711F", "2001MNRAS.323...47B", "2001MNRAS.325..589H", "2001MNRAS.326..203B", "2001MNRAS.326.1191B", "2001MNRAS.327.1041B", "2001MNRAS.327.1297P", "2001MNRAS.327L..32P", "2001MNRAS.328...64N", "2001MNRAS.328..174O", "2001Natur.410..169P", "2001PABei..19S..23F", "2002AJ....124.1810S", "2002ASSL..276..289B", "2002ApJ...565..649E", "2002ApJ...571..172Z", "2002ApJ...579...76L", "2002MNRAS.329..336H", "2002MNRAS.329..431P", "2002MNRAS.329..629S", "2002MNRAS.330..399P", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002MNRAS.330..719P", "2002MNRAS.332..205A", "2002MNRAS.332..311H", "2002MNRAS.332..827N", "2002MNRAS.335...53B", "2002MNRAS.335..432V", "2002MNRAS.336..907N", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002RSPTA.360.1277F", "2002astro.ph..6282D", "2003AJ....125.2276B", "2003ApJ...591....1S", "2003ApJ...597...81D", "2003ApJ...597..142M", "2003IAUS..208..245F", "2003MNRAS.342..519P", "2003MNRAS.342..532P", "2003MNRAS.343..796P", "2003MNRAS.344..847M", "2003MNRAS.346...78H", "2003NewAR..47..343P", "2003PhRvD..68l3513E", "2003RSPTA.361.2479P", "2003astro.ph..7233D", "2004A&A...418....7D", "2004A&A...422..423D", "2004ApJ...601...54F", "2004ApJ...607..739Y", "2004ApJ...615....1B", "2004MNRAS.350.1153Y", "2004MNRAS.350.1467C", "2004MNRAS.352..211P", "2004MNRAS.352..828C", "2004MNRAS.352.1232C", "2004MNRAS.353.1201P", "2004MNRAS.354..332S", "2004ogci.conf...45S", "2005A&A...440..425R", "2005AJ....130..968M", "2005ApJ...624..463G", "2005ApJ...634..744M", "2005IAUS..216...77P", "2005IAUS..225..429P", "2005MNRAS.356..415C", "2005MNRAS.356..456C", "2005MNRAS.359.1077D", "2005MNRAS.360...81D", "2005MNRAS.360..159B", "2005MNRAS.361..701F", "2005MNRAS.362..505C", "2005MNRAS.362..657G", "2005MNRAS.362.1363P", "2005MNRAS.362L..25A", "2005MNRAS.364..601Y", "2005MNRAS.364..620G", "2005astro.ph..2105S", "2006ApJ...640L.111T", "2006MNRAS.369..335P", "2006MNRAS.371.1537M", "2006PhDT.......399S", "2007A&A...462....7K", "2007APh....26..351H", "2007MNRAS.374.1030S", "2007MNRAS.377L..15P", "2007MNRAS.379.1022D", "2008A&A...487...63W", "2008AIPC..966...87C", "2008ApJ...678..569S", "2008MNRAS.383..755A", "2008RSPTA.366.4381B", "2009ApJ...699..105C", "2009JCAP...02..031S", "2009MNRAS.394...38P", "2009MNRAS.395.1185C", "2009arXiv0910.0806Y", "2010A&A...510A..38S", "2010IJMPD..19..465D", "2010MNRAS.401.2687P", "2011A&ARv..19...41J", "2011JCAP...10..022T", "2011MNRAS.414.2029P", "2011MNRAS.418.2435N", "2012MNRAS.421..270J", "2012arXiv1211.0310L", "2013MNRAS.428..778O", "2013MNRAS.429..556M", "2013MNRAS.430.3376P", "2014MNRAS.437.2594W", "2014MNRAS.442.3256A", "2014arXiv1403.5237B", "2015MNRAS.447..646C", "2016MNRAS.459.2150W", "2016MNRAS.463.4239P", "2017ApJ...839...62J", "2017MNRAS.467.1940H", "2017MNRAS.469.1861P", "2017MNRAS.471.3899B", "2019MNRAS.490.4985S", "2020RAA....20...89M", "2021JCAP...02..023P", "2021MNRAS.505..325S", "2022MNRAS.515.1854G", "2024arXiv240115958N", "2024arXiv240703042S" ]
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11632951
astro-ph/9809026
Ages and Metallicities of Young Globular Clusters in the Merger Remnant NGC 7252
Ultraviolet-to-visual spectra of eight young star clusters in the merger remnant and protoelliptical galaxy NGC 7252, obtained with the 4 m Blanco Telescope on Cerro Tololo, are presented. These clusters lie at projected distances of 3-15 kpc from the center and move with a velocity dispersion of 140 +/- 35 km s^-1 in the line of sight. Seven of the clusters show strong Balmer absorption lines in their spectra [EW(Hβ) = 6-13 Å], while the eighth lies in a giant H II region and shows no detectable absorption features. Based on comparisons with model cluster spectra computed by Bruzual &amp; Charlot and Bressan, Chiosi, &amp; Tantalo, six of the absorption-line clusters have ages in the narrow range of 400-600 Myr, indicating that they formed early in the recent merger. These clusters, and probably also the seventh absorption-line cluster, are globular clusters, as judged by their small effective radii and ages corresponding to ~10^2 core crossing times. The one emission-line object is &lt;~10 Myr old and may be a nascent globular cluster or an OB association. The mean metallicities measured for three clusters are solar to within about +/-0.15 dex, suggesting that the merger of two likely Sc galaxies in NGC 7252 formed a globular cluster system with a bimodal metallicity distribution. Since NGC 7252 itself shows the characteristics of a 0.5-1 Gyr old protoelliptical galaxy, its second-generation solar-metallicity globular clusters provide direct evidence that giant elliptical galaxies with bimodal globular cluster systems can form through major mergers of gas-rich disk galaxies. A puzzling property of the observed young globular clusters are the high masses of (1-35)M(omega Cen) implied by their luminosities and ages (for an assumed Salpeter IMF). A spectrum of a candidate superluminous globular cluster in the elliptical galaxy NGC 1700, obtained with the Hiltner Telescope at MDM Observatory, shows this object to be a foreground star.
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10.063928
8.235542
1998-11-01
149
1998AJ....116.2206S
[ "globular clusters", "bimodal globular cluster systems", "giant elliptical galaxies", "strong Balmer absorption lines", "protoelliptical galaxy", "the observed young globular clusters", "major mergers", "a candidate superluminous globular cluster", "a globular cluster system", "a nascent globular cluster" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL (NGC 7252)", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL (NGC 1700)", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: STAR CLUSTERS", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1086/300616", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9809026" ]
[ "Schweizer, François", "Seitzer, Patrick" ]
[ "Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305", "Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 830 Dennison Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109" ]
[ "1999A&A...342L..25F", "1999AJ....118..752Z", "1999AJ....118.1551W", "1999ASPC..192....3L", "1999ASPC..192..135S", "2000A&A...359..493M", "2000AJ....120..278U", "2000ASPC..197..315W", "2000ASPC..211....3F", "2000ASPC..211...71M", "2000ASPC..211..133G", "2000ASPC..211..144M", "2000ASPC..211..262G", "2000ASPC..221..179F", "2000ApJ...528..201C", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2000RSPTA.358.2063S", "2000RvMA...13...13K", "2000RvMA...13..189F", "2000astro.ph.12546W", "2001A&A...370..176M", "2001A&A...376..837H", "2001A&G....42d..12D", "2001ASPC..245..411W", "2001ApSSS.277..305F", "2001MNRAS.322..643G", "2001MNRAS.328..237G", "2001PASA...18...41M", "2001astro.ph..6564D", "2001sac..conf..223C", "2001sgnf.conf..218F", "2001sgnf.conf..243L", "2002A&A...393..101M", "2002AJ....124..147W", "2002IAUS..207..630S", "2002IAUS..207..642F", "2003A&A...401.1063A", "2003A&G....44e..14D", "2003AJ....126.1227K", "2003ASPC..296..467S", "2003MNRAS.343.1285D", "2003MNRAS.344.1000B", "2003astro.ph..8232D", "2004A&A...414..515F", "2004A&A...415..103P", "2004A&A...416..467M", "2004A&A...428..459H", "2004AJ....128..202S", "2004ASPC..322...29D", "2004ASPC..322...81T", "2004ASPC..322..111S", "2004ASPC..322..469G", "2004ASPC..322..535K", "2004ApJ...613L.121G", "2004MmSAI..75..394F", "2005A&A...439...59H", "2005A&A...440..819R", "2005ApJ...621..738M", "2005HiA....13..169M", "2005HiA....13..185D", "2005HiA....13..363D", "2005MNRAS.358..419P", "2005MNRAS.361..311D", "2005MNRAS.362..799M", "2005astro.ph..5340R", "2006A&A...445..471B", "2006A&A...448..881B", "2006MNRAS.370..799S", "2006MNRAS.370.1565C", "2006astro.ph..5600C", "2006astro.ph..6036S", "2007AJ....133.2132S", "2007AJ....133.2737G", "2007AJ....134.1729M", "2007ApJ...658..993T", "2007ApJ...660L.105C", "2007ApJ...664..284T", "2007ApJ...668..168G", "2007ChJAA...7..155D", "2007MNRAS.377...91A", "2007MNRAS.381..511R", "2008ApJ...679..156H", "2008MNRAS.390..759B", "2009AJ....137..383M", "2009Ap&SS.324..129F", "2009Ap&SS.324..305A", "2009ApJ...701..607B", "2009ApJ...704..385C", "2009ApJ...705.1533C", "2009ApJS..181..135H", "2009ApJS..181..486H", "2009PhDT........19C", "2010AJ....139.1871W", "2010ASPC..423..197C", "2010ApJ...723..197K", "2010MNRAS.402..985H", "2010MNRAS.407...43C", "2010PASA...27..379W", "2010RSPTA.368..783B", "2011AJ....142...79M", "2011MNRAS.414.1339K", "2012ApJ...745...30K", "2012ApJ...748..102T", "2012ApJ...750..140G", "2012MNRAS.419.2606B", "2012MNRAS.420...37B", "2012MNRAS.420.1503P", "2012MNRAS.421.1927K", "2012PhDT........20M", "2013AJ....145..137K", "2013ASPC..470..287B", "2013ASPC..470..299L", "2013ApJ...763...39E", "2013ApJ...773..148S", "2013MNRAS.431.1252B", "2013MNRAS.436.2398B", "2013MNRAS.436.2852B", "2014Ap&SS.350..741D", "2014MNRAS.438.1894T", "2014MNRAS.440L.116S", "2014MNRAS.441.2754C", "2014MNRAS.443.1151N", "2015MNRAS.447.3639M", "2015MNRAS.448.2224C", "2015MNRAS.449.1106H", "2015MNRAS.454.1658K", "2016ApJ...819..162P", "2016EAS....80....5B", "2016MNRAS.456..617J", "2016MNRAS.457..809C", "2016MNRAS.460.1869C", "2016MNRAS.463..913J", "2016NatCo...713269C", "2017A&A...603A.119H", "2017ApJ...843...91L", "2017MNRAS.470.1421M", "2018A&A...614A..32W", "2018AJ....155...81S", "2019MNRAS.486.3134K", "2019MNRAS.486.5838R", "2020Ap&SS.365..193S", "2020MNRAS.494..332B", "2020MNRAS.496.1565P", "2020MNRAS.498.1050B", "2020MNRAS.499.3267A", "2022ApJ...937L..35M", "2022ApJ...941L..11F", "2022MNRAS.514..265L", "2022NatAs...6.1464C" ]
[ "1955ApJ...121..161S", "1971ApJ...168..327S", "1979MNRAS.187P..73S", "1979MNRAS.189...95P", "1981ApJ...244..805B", "1982ApJ...252..455S", "1983ApJS...52..121G", "1985ApJ...298....8H", "1985ApJS...57..711F", "1986A&AS...66..171B", "1986ApJ...310..605L", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1987nngp.proc...18S", "1988AJ.....95..720K", "1988ApJ...335..720A", "1988IAUS..126..205H", "1989agna.book.....O", "1990ASPC...10..109K", "1990PASP..102..709L", "1991ApJ...380..140M", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....104.1039S", "1992ApJ...384...50A", "1992ApJ...387..152J", "1993AJ....106.1354W", "1993ASPC...50..357P", "1993ApJ...405..538B", "1993ApJ...417L..29S", "1993MNRAS.264..611Z", "1993PhDT.......172G", "1994A&A...285..775F", "1994AJ....107...67H", "1994ApJ...426..135M", "1994ApJ...429..177H", "1994ApJS...94..687W", "1995A&A...300...58F", "1995A&A...303..761M", "1995AJ....109..960W", "1995AJ....109.2553G", "1995AJ....110..140H", "1995AJ....110.2665M", "1995ApJ...443..570Z", "1995ApJ...445L..19Z", "1995ApJ...454L..73W", "1996A&A...311..425B", "1996AJ....111..109S", "1996AJ....111.1529G", "1996AJ....112..416H", "1996AJ....112.1839S", "1996ARA&A..34..749S", "1996ApJ...457..625C", "1996ApJ...458..467M", "1996ApJ...464..641M", "1996ApJ...464..774H", "1996ApJ...466L..83H", "1997A&ARv...8....1M", "1997A&AS..125..229L", "1997AJ....113.1652F", "1997AJ....114.1797W", "1997AJ....114.2381M", "1997ApJ...474..223G", "1997ApJ...480..235E", "1998A&A...337..363P", "1998AJ....115..105K", "1998AJ....115..947L", "1998AJ....115.1778C", "1998AJ....116..691B", "1998ApJ...496..808C", "1998ApJ...501..554C", "1998gcs..book.....A", "1998giis.conf.....K", "1998giis.conf..105S" ]
11643833
astro-ph/9806028
Large-scale bias in the Universe - II. Redshift-space bispectrum
The determination of the density parameter Omega_0 from the large-scale distribution of galaxies is one of the major goals of modern cosmology. However, if galaxies are biased tracers of the underlying mass distribution, linear perturbation theory leads to a degeneracy between Omega_0 and the linear bias parameter b, and the density parameter cannot be estimated. In Matarrese, Verde &amp; Heavens we developed a method based on second-order perturbation theory to use the bispectrum to lift this degeneracy by measuring the bias parameter in an Omega_0-independent way. The formalism was developed assuming that one has perfect information on the positions of galaxies in three dimensions. In galaxy redshift surveys, the three-dimensional information is imperfect, because of the contaminating effects of peculiar velocities, and the resulting clustering pattern in redshift space is distorted. In this paper we combine second-order perturbation theory with a model for collapsed, virialized structures, to extend the method to redshift space, and demonstrate that the method should be successful in determining with reasonable accuracy the bias parameter from state-of-the-art surveys such as the Anglo-Australian 2 degree Field Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
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11.954154
2.890171
1998-11-01
89
1998MNRAS.300..747V
[ "linear perturbation theory", "galaxy redshift surveys", "perfect information", "redshift space", "galaxies", "second-order perturbation theory", "peculiar velocities", "reasonable accuracy", "second", "space" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
7
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01937.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9806028" ]
[ "Verde, L.", "Heavens, A. F.", "Matarrese, S.", "Moscardini, L." ]
[ "Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy", "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy" ]
[ "1999ApJ...514....7K", "1999ApJ...517..531S", "1999ApJ...521....1B", "1999MNRAS.305..527T", "2000ApJ...540...62S", "2000ApJ...544..597S", "2000MNRAS.318..584V", "2001ApJ...546...85S", "2001ApJ...546..652S", "2001ApJ...553...14V", "2001MNRAS.324..960H", "2001MNRAS.328.1027T", "2001NYASA.927...54V", "2001Natur.410..169P", "2001PhRvL..86.1434F", "2001defi.conf..221P", "2002MNRAS.335...53B", "2002MNRAS.335..432V", "2002MNRAS.337..413R", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002astro.ph.12311V", "2004MNRAS.347L..26V", "2005AcASn..46..364H", "2005ApJ...619..667H", "2005MNRAS.362.1363P", "2005MNRAS.363..251A", "2006A&A...459..375H", "2006ApJ...651..619J", "2006ChA&A..30..133H", "2006MNRAS.366..213S", "2006PhRvD..73h3520T", "2007ChJAA...7...51C", "2008ApJ...672..849M", "2008PhRvD..77b3533C", "2008PhRvD..78b3523S", "2009JCAP...08..020M", "2011ApJ...731..102K", "2011JCAP...03..047S", "2011MNRAS.410.1677K", "2011MNRAS.410.2730K", "2011MNRAS.411..595P", "2011MNRAS.413.1700M", "2012JCAP...02..047G", "2012JCAP...11..029G", "2013JCAP...11..048L", "2013MNRAS.435..531C", "2014JCAP...12..029G", "2014MNRAS.437.1308P", "2014MNRAS.443.2874M", "2015MNRAS.450.1836K", "2015MNRAS.451..539G", "2015PhDT.......367L", "2016JCAP...03..061U", "2016PhRvD..93h3517L", "2017A&A...604A.133M", "2017JCAP...03..034U", "2017JCAP...09..040J", "2017MNRAS.465.1757G", "2017MNRAS.469.2059S", "2018JCAP...03..036J", "2018JCAP...05..013M", "2018JCAP...12..035D", "2018MNRAS.476.4045G", "2018MNRAS.478.1341K", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2018PhRvD..97f3527A", "2019MNRAS.484.3713G", "2019MNRAS.486L.101C", "2019MNRAS.490.2880S", "2020ApJ...905..127D", "2020JCAP...05..018D", "2020JCAP...06..041G", "2020JCAP...08..007D", "2020JCAP...11..052K", "2020MNRAS.493..594B", "2020MNRAS.498.3975M", "2021JCAP...07..008G", "2021JCAP...12..024S", "2021MNRAS.507.1623C", "2021PDU....3200821K", "2021PhRvD.104l3529P", "2022JCAP...09..050G", "2023JCAP...01..031R", "2023JCAP...11..044N", "2023MNRAS.520.2534M", "2023MNRAS.523.3133S", "2024arXiv240115958N", "2024arXiv240216478P", "2024arXiv240609545S" ]
[ "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1992ApJ...385L...5H", "1992ApJ...394L...5B", "1992LNP...408....1P", "1994ApJ...422L...1D", "1994ApJ...424...30M", "1994ApJ...426...14C", "1994ApJ...431..559Z", "1994ApJ...433....1B", "1994ApJ...436....5C", "1994MNRAS.266..219F", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.269.1077P", "1994PhRvL..73..215F", "1995A&A...298..643H", "1995AJ....110..477M", "1995ApJ...448..494F", "1995ApJ...452..797C", "1995MNRAS.275..483H", "1995MNRAS.275..515C", "1995MNRAS.276...39C", "1995MNRAS.276L..59B", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996MNRAS.282..877B", "1996PhRvD..54.1332J", "1996cmdt.book.....B", "1997ApJ...475..414B", "1997ApJ...485L..53B", "1997MNRAS.284..885P", "1997MNRAS.290..651M", "1997astro.ph..9054E", "1998ApJ...496..586S", "1998MNRAS.293..209M", "1998MNRAS.296...10H" ]
11643801
astro-ph/9802014
The new gravitational lens system B1030+074
We report the discovery of a new double-image gravitational lens system, B1030+074, which was found during the Jodrell Bank-VLA Astrometric Survey (JVAS). We have collected extensive radio data on the system using the VLA, MERLIN, the EVN and the VLBA, and optical observations using WFPC2 on the HST. The lensed images are separated by 1.56 arcsec and their flux density ratio at centimetric wavelengths is approximately 14:1, although the ratio is slightly frequency-dependent and the images appear to be time-variable. The HST pictures show both the lensed images and the lensing galaxy close to the weaker image. The lensing galaxy has substructure which could be a spiral arm or an interacting galaxy. We have modelled B1030+074 using a singular isothermal ellipsoid which yields a time delay of 156/h_50 d. This lens is likely to be suitable for the measurement of the Hubble constant.
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13.638299
4.093719
1998-11-01
39
1998MNRAS.300..649X
[ "extensive radio data", "optical observations", "centimetric wavelengths", "B1030", "a new double-image gravitational lens system", "The lensed images", "substructure", "The lensing galaxy", "the lensing galaxy", "EVN" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: B1030+074: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01804.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9802014" ]
[ "Xanthopoulos, E.", "Browne, I. W. A.", "King, L. J.", "Koopmans, L. V. E.", "Jackson, N. J.", "Marlow, D. R.", "Patnaik, A. R.", "Porcas, R. W.", "Wilkinson, P. N." ]
[ "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands", "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL", "Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, D-53121, Bonn, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, D-53121, Bonn, Germany", "University of Manchester, NRAL Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL" ]
[ "1999ApJ...523..617F", "1999MNRAS.307..225K", "1999astro.ph..9460X", "2000AJ....119..451L", "2000ApJ...536..584L", "2000ApJ...543..131K", "2000MNRAS.311..389J", "2000PASJ...52...99A", "2000evn..conf...49X", "2001ASPC..237..109X", "2001ApJ...549L..33R", "2001ApJ...553..709R", "2001ApJ...557..594R", "2001MNRAS.325..273X", "2001MNRAS.326.1007A", "2002A&ARv..10..263C", "2002ApJ...571..721G", "2002ApJ...575...68E", "2002LNP...608....1C", "2003ApJ...592..710A", "2003MNRAS.341....1M", "2003MNRAS.341...13B", "2004A&A...428..741F", "2004ApJ...608...25C", "2006ApJ...648...73B", "2006ApJS..166..443E", "2007MNRAS.377.1623Z", "2008A&A...478...95Y", "2011MNRAS.413.2121M", "2012MNRAS.427.1918E", "2014JCAP...11..017A", "2014MNRAS.441..127G", "2014mcb5.book.....M", "2015MNRAS.450.1042R", "2016MNRAS.459.2394Q", "2017Galax...5...76B", "2018MNRAS.476.5075S", "2018MNRAS.481.1000B", "2024arXiv240409954M" ]
[ "1986ApJS...61....1B", "1989LNP...330..147H", "1992AJ....104..968H", "1992MNRAS.254..655P", "1992MNRAS.259P...1P", "1993LIACo..31..311P", "1993MNRAS.261..435P", "1994A&A...284..285K", "1995PASP..107..375O", "1997A&A...317L..39J", "1997ASPC..125...77S", "1997MNRAS.289..450K", "1997PASP..109.1251C", "1998AJ....115..377F", "1998MNRAS.293..257B" ]
2068640
null
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation in the Direction of a Moving Cluster of Galaxies with Hot Gas: Relativistic Corrections
It has recently been realized that the relativistic corrections to the spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) measured in the directions of galaxy clusters containing hot gas are significant and should be detectable with forthcoming experiments. In the present paper we calculate the correction terms that are proportional to (V/c)<SUP>n</SUP>, with n = 2-4, and (V<SUB>r</SUB>/c)(kT<SUB>e</SUB>/m<SUB>e</SUB>c<SUP>2</SUP>) to the standard formulae describing the spectral distortions caused by the bulk motion (kinematic effect) and thermal motion (thermal effect) of the free electrons for the case of a cluster having a peculiar velocity V (V<SUB>r</SUB> being its radial component). The results of our analytical calculations are confirmed by direct Monte Carlo simulations.
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13.458312
2.669213
1998-11-01
122
1998ApJ...508....1S
[ "direct Monte Carlo simulations", "SUB", "galaxy clusters", "thermal effect", "thermal motion", "hot gas", "Monte Carlo", "kinematic effect", "forthcoming experiments", "a peculiar velocity V" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "RADIATION MECHANISMS: THERMAL", "RELATIVITY", "Cosmology: Cosmic Microwave Background", "Cosmology: Theory", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Radiation Mechanisms: Thermal", "Relativity" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306406" ]
[ "Sazonov, S. Y.", "Sunyaev, R. A." ]
[ "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 86740 Garching bei München, Germany; Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsouznaya 84/32, Moscow 117810, Russia;", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 86740 Garching bei München, Germany; Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsouznaya 84/32, Moscow 117810, Russia;" ]
[ "1999ApJ...523...78M", "1999MNRAS.306..153H", "2000ASPC..218..247L", "2000ApJ...533...38R", "2000ApJ...533..588I", "2000ApJ...536...31N", "2000ApJ...540..614M", "2000ApJ...543...28S", "2000MNRAS.312..159C", "2000astro.ph..1267B", "2000astro.ph.11447P", "2001A&A...374....1A", "2001ApJ...554...74D", "2001ApJ...555L..11M", "2001AstHe..94..214I", "2001ashe.conf..161R", "2002A&A...382..722I", "2002ARA&A..40..643C", "2002ApJ...573L..69H", "2002ApJ...575...12S", "2002ApJ...581...53R", "2002PhyA..313..456S", "2002SSRv..100...61R", "2002maun.conf...61R", "2002nmgm.meet..684R", "2002nmgm.meet.2201M", "2003JCAP...05..007A", "2003JPhA...36.4641S", "2003eucm.book..201R", "2004A&A...417..827I", "2004Ap&SS.290..105B", "2004ApJ...602...18H", "2004ApJ...612...96K", "2004ApJ...615...63U", "2004MNRAS.352.1413S", "2004NewA....9...69S", "2004NewA....9..279H", "2004NewA...10..145K", "2004astro.ph..9127S", "2005A&A...434..811C", "2005A&A...440...39N", "2005A&A...441..435H", "2005AIPC..758..170S", "2005ApJ...635...22S", "2005GReGr..37..831S", "2006MNRAS.371.1395L", "2006NCimB.121..487N", "2006NCimR..29l...1R", "2009A&A...506..623N", "2009PhRvD..79h3005N", "2009PhRvD..79h3505B", "2009PhRvD..79l3007N", "2010ApJ...716..739M", "2010ApJS..189..286P", "2010JCAP...02..005L", "2012JCAP...09..016K", "2012MNRAS.425.1129C", "2012MNRAS.426..510C", "2012PhRvD..85b3007F", "2012arXiv1202.0717K", "2013A&A...550A.131P", "2013ApJ...778...52S", "2013MNRAS.430.3054C", "2013arXiv1306.2259P", "2014A&A...562L...2C", "2014JCAP...02..006A", "2014MNRAS.437...67C", "2014MNRAS.438.1324C", "2014MNRAS.440.2544C", "2014MNRAS.443.1881C", "2014PTEP.2014fB111K", "2015ApJ...810..131B", "2016PhRvD..94d3006N", "2017MNRAS.467.2241M", "2017MNRAS.469.2032M", "2017MNRAS.471.1126A", "2017MNRAS.472.1195C", "2018JCAP...04..019M", "2018MNRAS.476.3360E", "2018PhRvD..98l3513E", "2019BAAS...51c.184C", "2019MNRAS.483.3459R", "2019MNRAS.490.3705S", "2019PhRvD.100d3521O", "2019SSRv..215...17M", "2019arXiv190901591D", "2020EPJWC.22800020P", "2020JCAP...02..026L", "2020MNRAS.491.4656B", "2020MNRAS.493.3274L", "2020MNRAS.494.5734R", "2020MNRAS.499.2994G", "2020PhRvD.101l3510N", "2020PhRvL.125k1301C", "2021ApJ...914...68Z", "2021ExA....51.1471D", "2021ExA....51.1515C", "2021ExA....51.1555B", "2021MNRAS.503.1798C", "2021MNRAS.503.5310R", "2021MNRAS.503.5473A", "2021MNRAS.507.2052A", "2021MNRAS.507.4852Z", "2021MNRAS.508.5259M", "2021arXiv211008373H", "2022MNRAS.512.5153L", "2022MNRAS.517.5303L", "2022PhRvD.105d3516C", "2022PhRvD.105h3505T", "2022PhRvD.106b3529S", "2023JCAP...11..026C", "2023MNRAS.518.1171A", "2023MNRAS.519.2138A", "2023MNRAS.522.5123Z", "2023MNRAS.524.2262A", "2023PTEP.2023d2F01L", "2023PhDT.........8A", "2024ApJ...969...56M", "2024EPJWC.29300041P", "2024arXiv240116351A", "2024arXiv240408539K", "2024arXiv240502127T" ]
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2068127
null
Star Formation and Chemical Evolution in the Milky Way: Cosmological Implications
We propose an expression for the star formation rate in spiral galaxies and a model of chemical evolution with a minimal number of adjustable parameters. Our model accounts for most of the relevant data in the Milky Way. By adopting our Galaxy as a prototype, we are able to derive cosmological implications for the comoving star formation rate, gas amount, gaseous abundances, and supernova rates as a function of redshift.
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10.79674
7.805847
1998-11-01
95
1998ApJ...507..229P
[ "supernova rates", "chemical evolution", "cosmological implications", "the comoving star formation rate", "spiral galaxies", "gas amount", "gaseous abundances", "the star formation rate", "adjustable parameters", "Galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXY: EVOLUTION", "GALAXY: SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxy: Evolution", "Galaxy: Solar Neighborhood" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306327" ]
[ "Prantzos, Nikos", "Silk, Joseph" ]
[ "Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.", "Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.; Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411." ]
[ "1999A&A...350...38C", "1999A&A...350..827P", "1999AIPC..470...87S", "1999ASPC..187....3P", "1999Ap&SS.265..411P", "1999Ap&SS.267..145W", "1999MNRAS.307..857B", "1999astro.ph..9120B", "1999cezh.conf..120B", "2000A&A...358..869R", "2000A&A...359..191G", "2000AN....321..323C", "2000ARA&A..38..667F", "2000ASSL..254..433L", "2000ASSL..255...81M", "2000ASSL..255..565C", "2000ApJ...532...65P", "2000ApJ...532..193F", "2000ApJ...539..603F", "2000ApJ...544..188F", "2000ESASP.445...61P", "2000Icar..145..637G", "2000MNRAS.312..398B", "2000MNRAS.312..497B", "2000MNRAS.315...82P", "2000MNRAS.319..235B", "2000RMxAA..36..171C", "2000RSPTA.358.2035P", "2000fist.conf..305P", "2001A&A...370...23H", "2001A&A...370.1103A", "2001A&A...374..936L", "2001A&A...376..751P", "2001AN....322..241C", "2001ApJ...552..718O", "2001ApJ...554.1044C", "2001ApJ...556..562C", "2001ApJ...558L..31H", "2001MNRAS.321..471B", "2001MNRAS.324..313S", "2001MNRAS.325..321B", "2001MNRAS.325.1365H", "2001MNRAS.327..329H", "2001NuPhA.688...49H", "2001PABei..19...68H", "2001PABei..19S.120C", "2001RMxAC..11..171C", "2001astro.ph..5280H", "2002A&A...386....1K", "2002Ap&SS.281..449E", "2002ApJ...568..522B", "2002ChJAA...2..226C", "2002IAUS..187...47P", "2002MNRAS.336..879K", "2003A&A...404..211P", "2003AJ....125..707T", "2003ASSL..281..237F", "2003Ap&SS.284..579T", "2003Ap&SS.284..783N", "2003ApJ...596...47S", "2003ApJ...597..730L", "2003ApJS..149....1K", "2003PASA...20..189F", "2003PASA...20..340F", "2004ApJ...602..190Q", "2004MNRAS.349.1052E", "2004MNRAS.350..351C", "2006ApJ...638..797D", "2006MNRAS.366..899N", "2007NewA...12..289C", "2007SSRv..130...27P", "2007coma.book...27P", "2008EAS....32..311P", "2008NewA...13..314C", "2009A&A...505..497Y", "2009ApJ...690.1452N", "2009ApJ...700.1732K", "2009MNRAS.400.1347C", "2010A&A...518L..58O", "2010ApJ...722..380C", "2011A&A...526A..52M", "2011arXiv1107.4561P", "2012EAS....54..319S", "2012MNRAS.426.1455K", "2013MNRAS.428.3121M", "2015A&A...575A..74S", "2015ApJ...798...77H", "2015ApJ...800...13P", "2015MNRAS.449..528H", "2018ASSL..453..581D", "2019A&A...623A.143F", "2019ApJ...881L...4B", "2020IJAsB..19..101C", "2023arXiv230301825D", "2024arXiv240505317G" ]
[ "1975ApJ...197..551T", "1976MNRAS.176...31L", "1980FCPh....5..287T", "1981A&A....94..175R", "1981A&A....98....1M", "1983MNRAS.204...53S", "1984ApJ...284..719I", "1985ApJ...290..154L", "1986A&A...154..279M", "1986A&A...158...17T", "1988A&A...197...33T", "1989ApJ...339..700W", "1989ApJ...344..685K", "1989GeCoA..53..197A", "1989MNRAS.238..283C", "1989MNRAS.239..885M", "1990ApJ...354..644B", "1990ApJ...365..539M", "1991ARA&A..29..129R", "1991ApJ...366..107F", "1992A&AS...96..269S", "1993A&A...275..101E", "1993AIPC..278..267D", "1993MNRAS.262..545K", "1994A&A...284..477P", "1994ApJ...426..170C", "1994ApJ...427..745F", "1994ApJ...427..759W", "1994ApJ...430..163D", "1994ApJS...91..749M", "1994ApJS...92..487T", "1994MNRAS.266..282C", "1995A&A...302...69P", "1995AJ....110.2771W", "1995ApJ...445L.129B", "1995ApJ...451..468T", "1995ApJ...454...69P", "1995ApJ...455L...1G", "1995ApJS...98..617T", "1995ApJS..101..181W", "1995MNRAS.276..549S", "1996A&A...310..106P", "1996A&A...313..545M", "1996A&A...313..792P", "1996A&A...314..438W", "1996ARA&A..34..279S", "1996ApJ...457..834T", "1996ApJ...460..408T", "1996ApJ...462...57M", "1996ApJ...473..356P", "1996ApJS..107..475L", "1996MNRAS.279..447R", "1996MNRAS.280..720V", "1996MNRAS.283L..79S", "1996RMxAC...4..123C", "1997A&A...318..231V", "1997A&A...318L..35C", "1997A&A...322..431C", "1997A&A...325..523R", "1997ApJ...476..544S", "1997ApJ...477..765C", "1997ApJ...478..190A", "1997ApJ...481..703S", "1997ApJ...481L..47S", "1997ApJ...482..913G", "1997ApJ...483..103S", "1997ApJ...484L...7K", "1997ApJ...484L..67C", "1997ApJ...486..665P", "1997ApJ...487L..29F", "1997ApJ...489L..21B", "1997MNRAS.291L..28N", "1997PASA...14...31B", "1997Sci...276.1378N", "1997astro.ph..9147M", "1997nceg.book.....P", "1998A&A...329..943N", "1998A&A...331L..69S", "1998ASPC..146..289M", "1998ApJ...493..583V", "1998ApJ...494..247A", "1998ApJ...497L..57R", "1998ApJ...498..106M", "1998MNRAS.295..877G", "1998pnge.conf...65B", "1998pnge.conf..127H", "1998pnge.conf..207T", "1998pnge.conf..225P" ]
2087554
null
Damped Lyalpha absorbers from dwarf galaxy ejecta
It is argued that the formation of a dwarf galaxy causes a massive burst of star formation, resulting in the ejection of most of the available gas from the galaxy as a weakly collimated wind. The ejected gas can give rise to a damped Lyalpha absorber (DLA). Weakly collimated outflows naturally explain the asymmetric profiles seen in low-ionization absorption lines caused by heavy elements associated with DLAs, where absorption is strongest at one edge of the absorption feature. The shape of the distribution of column densities in the model agrees reasonably well with observations. In particular, the break in slope is caused by external photoionization of the wind. A semi-analytical model for galaxy formation is used to show that, for currently acceptable cosmological parameters, dwarf galaxy outflows can account for the majority of DLA systems and their distribution with redshift. This model also predicts a correlation between velocity structure and metallicity of DLA systems, in qualitative agreement with observations. DLAs do not require many large, rapidly rotating disc galaxies to have formed early on, as in other models for their origin.
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14.02925
8.680679
1998-11-01
48
1998MNRAS.301..168N
[ "galaxy formation", "dwarf galaxy outflows", "disc galaxies", "DLA systems", "other models", "star formation", "DLA", "absorption", "velocity structure", "column densities" ]
[ "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "QUASARS: ABSORPTION LINES" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02073.x" ]
[ "Nulsen, P. E. J.", "Barcons, X.", "Fabian, A. C." ]
[ "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA", "Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA" ]
[ "1999PASA...16....3N", "2000ASSL..255...15R", "2000ApJ...534..594H", "2000ApJ...545..603W", "2000MNRAS.311..346N", "2000MNRAS.317..697E", "2000MNRAS.318..889W", "2000MNRAS.319..517L", "2000fist.conf...37R", "2000fist.conf..176R", "2001A&A...369...42K", "2001ApJ...547..162F", "2001ApJ...559L...1S", "2001ApJ...562..641B", "2002ApJ...578...33Z", "2002PASP..114.1197P", "2003A&A...403..573L", "2003Ap&SS.283..565W", "2003ApJ...582...49P", "2003ApJ...589..709E", "2003ApJ...593..203C", "2003MNRAS.343..959C", "2003MNRAS.345..609M", "2003PhDT.......273M", "2004A&A...417..487C", "2004ApJ...606..258W", "2005ARA&A..43..861W", "2005ApJ...624..561H", "2006A&A...457...71L", "2006PhDT........15Q", "2007ApJ...669L...5B", "2008AJ....136.2886Z", "2008ApJ...672...59P", "2008ApJ...681..856R", "2008ApJ...683..149R", "2008MNRAS.389L..18B", "2009ApJ...701.1605P", "2010arXiv1009.3960P", "2011ApJ...734...24P", "2012ApJ...760...49L", "2012EAS....54..319S", "2012MNRAS.419....2B", "2012MNRAS.426..801B", "2014ApJ...780..116K", "2014MNRAS.438.2131K", "2018MNRAS.474.4039M", "2019ApJ...886L..35P", "2021ApJ...913...50L" ]
[ "1977MNRAS.179..541R", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986MNRAS.221...53C", "1988MNRAS.233..637C", "1990MNRAS.246..156T", "1991ApJ...379...52W", "1993MNRAS.264..201K", "1993Natur.366..429W", "1994ApJ...434..587B", "1994MNRAS.271..781C", "1995ApJ...438..563M", "1995ApJ...454..698W", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1995MNRAS.275...56N", "1995MNRAS.277..561N", "1996ApJ...461...20H", "1996ApJ...465L..95H", "1996ApJ...466..695L", "1996ApJS..107..475L", "1996MNRAS.280L..19P", "1996MNRAS.281..475K", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1996MNRAS.283.1361B", "1997AJ....114.1337L", "1997ApJ...481..601R", "1997ApJ...487...73P", "1997MNRAS.290..623G", "1997MNRAS.291..425N", "1997MNRAS.292..419W", "1998AJ....115.1329S", "1998ApJ...494L..15W", "1998ApJ...499..699B" ]
2068149
null
The Missing Interstellar Medium of NGC 147 and M32
We present the results of a search for CO 1 --&gt; 0 emission from NGC 147 and M32, two of the four dwarf elliptical companions of M31. Return of gas from evolved stars to the interstellar medium of these galaxies should have resulted in detections, but we find instead upper limits of 4100 and 5100 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> of H<SUB>2</SUB> for NGC 147 and M32, respectively. Including and earlier H I limit, we find that the gaseous interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 147 comprises less than 2% of what is expected. The large published H I mass limit for M32 prevents us from reaching a similarly extreme conclusion for this galaxy. These results stand in stark contrast to what is seen in NGC 185 and NGC 205, where the observed gas is approximately what is expected from stellar mass return, although some of the gas in NGC 205 probably had an external origin. There are no obvious differences in masses or luminosities that would explain the results. The proposal that differences may be related to the recent interaction histories of the galaxies with M31 is rendered moot by the lack of orbital information but does not seem to be viable for NGC 147 and NGC 185. We can offer no convincing explanation for these puzzling results, although they may point to a fundamental gap in our understanding of galaxy evolution.
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11.902972
8.277199
1998-11-01
37
1998ApJ...507..726S
[ "NGC", "galaxy evolution", "stellar mass return", "upper limits", "M32", "gas", "orbital information", "differences", "stark contrast", "earlier H" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL (NGC 147", "M32)", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: LOCAL GROUP", "Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular", "cD", "Galaxies: Evolution", "galaxies: individual (NGC 147", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Local Group" ]
2
[ "10.1086/306371" ]
[ "Sage, Leslie J.", "Welch, Gary A.", "Mitchell, George F." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.", "Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.", "Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada." ]
[ "1999AJ....118.2229M", "1999IAUS..192...17G", "2000A&ARv..10....1K", "2000ESASP.445...87G", "2000PASP..112.1177D", "2001ASPC..239..280G", "2001ASPC..240..460W", "2001ApJ...557..671W", "2001ApSSS.277..231G", "2003ApJ...589..783H", "2003ApJ...591..167C", "2004A&A...417..479B", "2004A&A...418...33B", "2004MNRAS.352..168M", "2004MNRAS.353.1293M", "2005A&A...431..555C", "2005AJ....129.2217B", "2005AJ....130.2087D", "2006ApJ...646..929M", "2007AJ....133..576D", "2008ChJAA...8..369Y", "2009A&A...497...65S", "2010ApJ...711..361G", "2010ApJ...713..992M", "2010arXiv1003.5241M", "2011A&A...532A..78L", "2012ApJ...751...74D", "2012MNRAS.423.2359D", "2014ApJ...791...66D", "2014MNRAS.445.3862C", "2015ApJ...807L..19Y", "2015ApJ...811..114G", "2017ApJ...834...78M", "2017MNRAS.465.3741D", "2021IJAsB..20..359L", "2021MNRAS.504..565J", "2024arXiv240602215L" ]
[ "1944ApJ...100..147B", "1963AJ.....68..691H", "1973ApJ...179..423F", "1973ApJ...182..671H", "1974MNRAS.169..607E", "1976ApJ...204..365F", "1976ApJ...208..683F", "1980ApJ...242..517G", "1983ApJ...275..549J", "1984ApJ...276..182S", "1986A&A...164L..22W", "1986ApJ...305..600N", "1987A&A...186...30N", "1988A&A...200...21C", "1988A&A...207....1S", "1989AJ.....97...42M", "1989AJ.....98.1285F", "1989ApJ...344..204S", "1989ApJS...70..329K", "1990A&A...228...23B", "1990AJ....100..108S", "1990ApJ...365..186F", "1991A&A...246..349B", "1991ApJ...379..177L", "1991ApJS...75..751R", "1992A&A...265...19S", "1992AJ....103...84S", "1992ApJ...399...29W", "1993A&A...271...51P", "1993AJ....106..964L", "1993ApJ...410...81L", "1994AJ....108..202T", "1994AJ....108.2123D", "1994ApJ...423..207S", "1994ApJ...431..598D", "1995A&A...297..643W", "1995ApJ...438..680B", "1995ApJ...445..642R", "1995ApJ...448L..97W", "1996A&A...305...33K", "1996AJ....112.1438L", "1996ApJ...464L..59Y", "1996ApJ...470..781W", "1997AJ....113.1001H", "1997ApJ...476..127Y", "1997ApJ...480..297B", "1997Natur.385..610V", "1997SSRv...81....1H", "1998ApJ...499..209W" ]
2087552
null
A disturbed molecular disc in the Circinus galaxy
We have used the Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope to observe the molecular gas in the Circinus galaxy using the CO(1--&gt;0) transition as a tracer. The central region and major axis have been mapped and several other points were also observed. The gas in the galaxy is concentrated towards the nucleus, the peak being coincident with the radio/optical core. The inclination of the molecular galactic disc is more comparable to that of the radio continuum than to that of the large-scale Hi emission. Evidence for an anomalous spur structure pointing radially away from the galactic centre is presented, and may indicate a causal link between it and similar features seen in optical lines and radio continuum. Our data suggest the presence of a central molecular ring or disc with radius 300+/-50 pc and a rotation velocity of about 200kms^-1 (assuming i=73 deg). The dynamical mass of the nucleus is estimated to be no greater than 3.9x10^9M_solar. Assuming that the distribution of gas varies smoothly in the outer regions, we calculate the mass of molecular gas in the galaxy to be at least M_mol=1.1x10^9M_solar, and the star-forming efficiency to be 11+/-2L_solarM_solar^-1. These results imply that Circinus is undergoing a massive central starburst which may be, at least partially, responsible for its extended minor axis emission seen in several wavebands.
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13.371785
8.634921
1998-11-01
21
1998MNRAS.300.1119E
[ "molecular gas", "gas", "radio continuum", "several other points", "galaxy", "major axis", "optical lines", "several wavebands", "similar features", "disc" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: CIRCINUS", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02002.x" ]
[ "Elmouttie, M.", "Krause, M.", "Haynes, R. F.", "Jones, K. L." ]
[ "The Physics Department, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia", "Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany", "The Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia", "The Physics Department, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..767C", "2000A&AS..144..271C", "2000AJ....120.1325W", "2000ApJ...531..219M", "2001A&A...367..457C", "2001A&A...371..890O", "2007A&A...467.1037K", "2008A&A...479...75H", "2008A&A...483...79R", "2008ApJ...672..214G", "2008MNRAS.389...63C", "2010ApJ...723...54K", "2013MNRAS.436.2500M", "2018ApJ...867...48I", "2019PASJ...71...68K", "2022A&A...660A..82S", "2022ApJ...936...92L", "2023ApJ...952....4B", "2023MNRAS.521.1023G", "2024MNRAS.527..531L", "2024arXiv240303974R" ]
[ "1972A&A....21..169V", "1977A&A....55..445F", "1980ApJ...238...24R", "1982A&A...115..263V", "1982MNRAS.201P..13G", "1983ApJ...273L..11D", "1984A&A...135..281M", "1986A&A...165..300R", "1986ApJ...311...98T", "1986ApJ...311L...7F", "1986ApJ...311L..33H", "1986ApJ...311L..41W", "1987AJ.....93..264M", "1987ApJ...319...76S", "1987ApJ...322..706D", "1988A&A...207....1S", "1988ApJ...334..613S", "1988LNP...315..375S", "1989A&A...216..315B", "1990A&A...233L...1K", "1990ApJ...355...70C", "1990ApJ...359...42D", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1990MNRAS.244..130H", "1991ARA&A..29..581Y", "1991ApJ...382..475A", "1992A&A...265..487I", "1992A&A...266...21G", "1992PASJ...44..353S", "1993A&A...270...29D", "1993A&A...272..123S", "1993ApJ...402L..41K", "1994Msngr..78...20M", "1995A&A...299..657G", "1995A&AS..114..147B", "1995AAS...186.2304C", "1995MNRAS.275L..53E", "1996ApJ...462..651L", "1997A&A...320...54N", "1997A&A...325..124D", "1997ApJ...479L.105V", "1998MNRAS.297.1202E" ]
2090404
null
The Las Campanas/AAT Rich Cluster Survey
Some unsolved cosmological questions remain in relation to the formation of structure in the universe. One way of addressing such questions is to use rich galaxy clusters as tracers of the growth of large-scale structure. To date, studies of rich clusters of galaxies have concentrated on systems generally at either high redshift or in the local universe. The properties of clusters and their constituent galaxies at these extrema are becoming well understood. In particular, it is becoming clear that rich clusters have undergone considerable evolution both dynamically and in their galaxy populations over the last 5-8 Gyr. We are undertaking a detailed study of rich clusters of galaxies in the range 0.05 ≲ z ≲ 0.15. Our results will be directly comparable to those of previous studies both at high and low redshift and, for the first time, provide continuous coverage across this important and unexplored transitory epoch in terms of galaxy evolution and structure growth.
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12.670791
5.595838
1998-11-01
6
1998PASA...15..273O
[ "rich galaxy clusters", "rich clusters", "galaxy evolution", "galaxies", "clusters", "previous studies", "structure growth", "such questions", "studies", "considerable evolution" ]
[ "GALAXY CLUSTERS", "GALAXY EVOLUTION", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE", "galaxies: clusters", "galaxies: evolution", "large-scale structure" ]
0
[ "10.1071/AS98273" ]
[ "O'Hely, Eileen", "Couch, Warrick J.", "Smail, Ian", "Edge, Alastair C.", "Zabludoff, Ann" ]
[ "Department of Astrophysics and Optics, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia;", "Department of Astrophysics and Optics, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia;", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK;", "Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK;", "UCO/Lick Observatory and Board of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;" ]
[ "2001MNRAS.327..588P", "2002MNRAS.331..333P", "2005MNRAS.357L..45P", "2006MNRAS.366..645P", "2007ApJS..172..150S", "2009A&A...497..667V" ]
[ "1978ApJ...219...18B", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1980ApJS...43..305K", "1981PhDT.......190C", "1984ApJ...285..426B", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1986ApJ...308..530F", "1987MNRAS.229..423C", "1988AJ.....95..284D", "1989ApJS...70....1A", "1990ApJ...363..349E", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...393..477R", "1993AJ....106..473C", "1993ApJ...419L...9E", "1993MNRAS.261L...8W", "1993MNRAS.262..627L", "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1995ApJ...447L..21Z", "1996A&AS..117..393B", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...465L.103S", "1996ApJS..107....1A", "1996MNRAS.281..799E", "1997ApJ...490..577D", "1997ApJS..110..213S", "1997MNRAS.289..263D", "1998ApJ...497..188C" ]
2090496
null
A Statistical Comparison of Line Strength Variations in Coma and Cluster Galaxies at z ~ 0.3
We present a statistical comparison between spectral line strength variations in Coma galaxies and galaxies in three rich clusters at z ~ 0.3. Using a principal component analysis, we have transformed the observable quantities, the line strengths, into new mutually orthogonal axes and found two specific results. First, more independent parameters are required to account for the line strength variations in the distant cluster data than in the Coma data, and second, line strengths which are not correlated in the distant cluster data are strongly coupled in the Coma data. These results suggest that galaxies in clusters have been homogenised such that most of the information from the conditions present at their formation has been destroyed. Hence, it may be possible that the present-day homogeneity of early-type galaxy properties, e.g. the fundamental plane relation, does not require a single formation scenario, but that a variety of formation scenarios for different galaxies could still yield the observed behaviour of nearby galaxies.
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11.765645
6.222467
1998-11-01
2
1998PASA...15..309J
[ "spectral line strength variations", "Coma galaxies", "different galaxies", "nearby galaxies", "galaxies", "clusters", "formation scenarios", "the line strength variations", "early-type galaxy properties", "second, line strengths" ]
[ "GALAXY CLUSTERS", "GALAXY EVOLUTION", "GALAXY FORMATION", "galaxies: individual (Coma", "AC103", "AC114", "AC118)", "galaxies: clusters", "galaxies: evolution", "galaxies: formation", "methods: data analysis" ]
0
[ "10.1071/AS98309" ]
[ "Jones, Lewis A.", "Couch, Warrick J." ]
[ "School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia", "School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia" ]
[ "2006MNRAS.366..645P", "2019MNRAS.490..455P" ]
[ "1969AJ.....74..177W", "1973ApJ...179..731F", "1976ApJ...204..668F", "1976ApJ...206..370O", "1977ApJ...216..214V", "1985AJ.....90..787R", "1985AJ.....90.1927R", "1987ApJ...313...42D", "1987ApJ...313...59D", "1987MNRAS.229..423C", "1993AJ....106..473C", "1993ApJS...86..153G", "1993PhDT.......172G", "1994AJ....107..206R", "1994ApJ...430..121C", "1994ApJS...95..107W", "1995AJ....110.3035T", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1997AJ....113..492C", "1997ApJ...483..582E", "1997ApJS..111..377W", "1998ApJ...497..108B", "1998ApJ...497..188C" ]
11644111
astro-ph/9808145
Early star formation and the evolution of the stellar initial mass function in galaxies
It has frequently been suggested in the literature that the stellar IMF in galaxies was top-heavy at early times. This would be plausible physically if the IMF depended on a mass-scale such as the Jeans mass that was higher at earlier times because of the generally higher temperatures that were present then. In this paper it is suggested, on the basis of current evidence and theory, that the IMF has a universal Salpeter-like form at the upper end, but flattens below a characteristic stellar mass that may vary with time. Much of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, including the ubiquitous G-dwarf problem, the high abundance of heavy elements in clusters of galaxies, and the high rate of formation of massive stars in high-redshift galaxies, can be accounted for with such an IMF if the characteristic stellar mass was several times higher during the early stages of galaxy evolution. However, significant variations in the mass-to-light ratios of galaxies and large amounts of dark matter in stellar remnants are not as easily explained in this way, because they require more extreme and less plausible assumptions about the form and variability of the IMF. Metal-free `population III' stars are predicted to have an IMF that consists exclusively of massive stars, and they could help to account for some of the evidence that has been attributed to a top-heavy early IMF, as well as contributing importantly to the energetics and chemical enrichment of the early Universe.
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10.57823
8.556884
1998-12-01
403
1998MNRAS.301..569L
[ "IMF", "earlier times", "early times", "stellar remnants", "massive stars", "galaxy evolution", "galaxies", "heavy elements", "current evidence", "a characteristic stellar mass" ]
[ "STARS: FORMATION", "STARS: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION", "MASS FUNCTION", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "DARK MATTER", "Astrophysics" ]
19
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02045.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9808145" ]
[ "Larson, Richard B." ]
[ "Yale Astronomy Department, Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA" ]
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11644223
astro-ph/9812033
Galaxy disruption as the origin of intracluster light in the Coma cluster of galaxies
Although the existence of a faint background of starlight in the core of the Coma cluster has been well established,, its origin is uncertain. This vast sea of stars could have formed outside the galaxies, using gas left over from the time of the cluster's birth. Alternatively, it might be the accumulated debris generated by interactions between the galaxies over the lifetime of the cluster. Here we report the discovery of three large, low-surface-brightness features in the Coma cluster, the most spectacular of which is a plume-like structure, 130kpc long, in the cluster's heart. These structures will disperse over the next one to two billion years, thereby enhancing the general background light. If this epoch is typical, we argue that a significant fraction - perhaps even most - of the intracluster light results from a steady accumulation of tidal debris generated during galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-cluster interactions.
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12.063643
5.824276
1998-12-01
135
1998Natur.396..549G
[ "tidal debris", "Coma", "galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-cluster interactions", "the Coma cluster", "starlight", "interactions", "gas", "stars", "the intracluster light results", "the general background light" ]
[ "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1038/25078", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9812033" ]
[ "Gregg, Michael D.", "West, Michael J." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..409E", "2000A&A...353..930A", "2000AIPC..522..107G", "2000AJ....120.1238D", "2000ApJ...530...96C", "2000ApJ...536..561G", "2000MNRAS.314..324C", "2000lssx.proc..359G", "2001A&A...371...11A", "2001ASPC..245..420W", "2001ApJ...549..244K", "2001ApJ...559..791C", "2001PASJ...53...53S", "2002A&A...383..367S", "2002ARA&A..40..487F", "2002ASSL..274..269L", "2002Ap&SS.281..347D", "2002ApJ...567..762M", "2002ApJ...570..119D", "2002ApJ...573L...5C", "2002ApJ...573L...9T", "2002ApJ...575..779F", "2003A&A...408..431M", "2003AJ....125...66C", "2003AJ....125.1087G", "2003AJ....125.1642J", "2003Ap&SS.285..113G", "2003ApJ...587..605M", "2003ApJ...589..752G", "2003ApJ...591..749L", "2003ApJ...594..136F", "2003Nanot..14..896A", "2003Natur.423..519D", "2003RMxAC..17...77D", "2003astro.ph..1459G", "2004AJ....127.1344A", "2004AJ....128.1078R", "2004AJ....128.2022R", "2004ApJ...609..617F", "2004ApJ...615..196F", "2004ApJ...617..879L", "2004AstHe..97..451B", "2004IAUS..217...54A", "2004IAUS..217...70G", "2004IAUS..217..390M", "2004MNRAS.355..159W", "2004PASA...21..375D", "2004astro.ph..7625F", "2004bdmh.confE..26A", "2004cgpc.symp..277M", "2004cgpc.sympE..14F", "2005A&A...429...39A", "2005AIPC..804..301A", "2005AJ....129.2585A", "2005ApJ...632..847M", "2005MNRAS.356..794D", "2005MNRAS.357..819S", "2005MNRAS.357L..35K", "2005MNRAS.358..949Z", "2005MNRAS.364.1069D", "2006A&A...459..679A", "2006A&A...460..381C", "2006AJ....131..168K", "2006MNRAS.370..851P", "2007A&A...468..815G", "2007A&A...475..507S", "2007AJ....134..466K", "2007ApJ...654..835W", "2007ApJ...656..746D", "2007ApJ...666..846J", "2007MNRAS.374.1227B", "2007MNRAS.378.1575S", "2008ApJ...688..918Y", "2008MNRAS.383.1649H", "2008MNRAS.386..715T", "2009AJ....137..498G", "2009ApJ...698.1879M", "2009ApJ...699.1518R", "2009JApA...30....1B", "2009PASP..121.1267S", "2010ApJ...720..569R", "2010MNRAS.403..768H", "2010MNRAS.408.1417S", "2010gama.conf..385A", "2011A&A...528A..61S", "2011A&A...528A.115W", "2011ApJ...730...23P", "2011ApJ...732...48R", "2011EAS....48..295K", "2011sf2a.conf..125G", "2012A&A...537A..64G", "2012ApJ...749...43Y", "2012ApJ...750..171S", "2012ApJ...757...48M", "2012MNRAS.419.3167S", "2013A&A...551A..20A", "2014A&A...565A.126P", "2014ApJ...791...38W", "2014ApJ...794..137M", "2014ApJ...796L..14P", "2014MNRAS.437..816C", "2014MNRAS.437.3787C", "2014MNRAS.441.3083W", "2014SAAS...37....1B", "2015A&A...579A.135L", "2015Ap&SS.359...49B", "2015ApJ...798L..45V", "2015CaJPh..93..139B", "2015FrASS...2....4D", "2015MNRAS.451.2703C", "2016A&A...592A...7A", "2017ApJ...834...16M", "2017MNRAS.464.4858K", "2018ApJ...853...91R", "2018ApJ...862...95K", "2018MNRAS.474..917M", "2018MNRAS.474.1342M", "2019A&A...622A.183J", "2019A&A...628A..34E", "2019MNRAS.482.2838M", "2019arXiv191201616M", "2020A&A...644A.134G", "2020ApJ...894...32G", "2020ApJ...898L..50H", "2020ApJ...904...52N", "2020ApJS..247...43K", "2021MNRAS.508.2634Y", "2022ApJ...940L..51M", "2022NatAs...6..308M", "2023A&A...679A.157R", "2024ApJ...965..145Y", "2024MNRAS.527.9185D", "2024MNRAS.530.4695Q", "2024MNRAS.532..177F", "2024arXiv240513503K" ]
[ "1971ApJ...169L...3W", "1972ApJ...173L..93T", "1975ApJ...202L.113O", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1987ApJ...317..653F", "1988A&A...199...67M", "1989ApJS...69..217G", "1993AJ....106.2197T", "1993MNRAS.261L...8W", "1995ApJ...453L..77W", "1996ApJ...458..435C", "1996ApJ...462..576D", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1997ApJ...474L...7V", "1997ApJ...475L..97L", "1997MNRAS.284L..11T", "1997PASP..109.1364S", "1998ApJ...492...62C", "1998MNRAS.293...53T", "1998MNRAS.297L..34C", "1998Natur.391..461F" ]
11643543
astro-ph/9808016
The non-linear redshift-space power spectrum of galaxies
We study the power spectrum of galaxies in redshift space, with third-order perturbation theory to include corrections that are absent in linear theory. We assume a local bias for the galaxies: i.e., the galaxy density is sampled from some local function of the underlying mass distribution. We find that the effect of the non-linear bias in real space is to introduce two new features: first, there is a contribution to the power which is constant with wavenumber, whose nature we reveal as essentially a shot-noise term. In principle this contribution can mask the primordial power spectrum, and could limit the accuracy with which the latter might be measured on very large scales. Secondly, the effect of second- and third-order bias is to modify the effective bias (defined as the square root of the ratio of galaxy power spectrum to matter power spectrum). The effective bias is almost scale-independent over a wide range of scales. These general conclusions also hold in redshift space. In addition, we have investigated the distortion of the power spectrum by peculiar velocities, which may be used to constrain the density of the Universe. We look at the quadrupole-to-monopole ratio, and find that higher order terms can mimic linear theory bias, but the bias implied is neither the linear bias, nor the effective bias referred to above. We test the theory with biased N-body simulations, and find excellent agreement in both real and redshift space, providing the local biasing is applied on a scale whose fractional rms density fluctuations are &lt;0.5.
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11.935206
2.632366
1998-12-01
114
1998MNRAS.301..797H
[ "linear theory bias", "galaxy power", "power spectrum", "redshift space", "linear theory", "real space", "higher order terms", "galaxies", "the non-linear bias", "scales" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02052.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9808016" ]
[ "Heavens, A. F.", "Matarrese, S.", "Verde, L." ]
[ "Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ", "Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy", "Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ" ]
[ "1999ApJ...521....1B", "1999MNRAS.308..640C", "2000ApJ...530...36B", "2000ApJ...537...37T", "2000MNRAS.314..647M", "2000MNRAS.316..283M", "2000MNRAS.318..584V", "2000MNRAS.318L..39C", "2001MNRAS.320..139W", "2001MNRAS.324..960H", "2001MNRAS.328.1027T", "2001NYASA.927...54V", "2002MNRAS.330..506H", "2002MNRAS.335..432V", "2002MNRAS.335..887T", "2002PhRvD..66j3508T", "2004ApJ...606..702T", "2004MNRAS.351.1395D", "2006ApJ...651..619J", "2006PhRvD..73h3520T", "2006PhRvD..74j3512M", "2007PhRvD..75d3514M", "2007PhRvD..75f3512S", "2007PhRvD..76h3004S", "2007PhRvD..76h3005L", "2008PhRvD..77b3533C", "2008PhRvD..77f3530M", "2008PhRvD..78h3519M", "2008PhRvD..78j3512S", "2008PhRvD..78l3519M", "2008PhRvD..78l3534T", "2009ApJ...691..569J", "2009ApJ...693.1404S", "2009JCAP...08..020M", "2009JCAP...11..026M", "2009PhRvD..80f3508P", "2009PhRvD..80h3528S", "2009PhRvD..80l3503T", "2009arXiv0908.1973K", "2010MNRAS.407..772G", "2010MNRAS.409.1100S", "2010PhRvD..81b3526D", "2010PhRvD..81f3530G", "2010PhRvD..82f3522T", "2010PhRvD..82j3529D", "2011JCAP...07..018Y", "2011JCAP...11..039S", "2011MNRAS.410.2730K", "2011MNRAS.415..829R", "2011MNRAS.417.1913R", "2011PhRvD..83h3518M", "2011PhRvD..84h3509H", "2012ApJ...748...78K", "2012JCAP...02..010O", "2012JCAP...11..014O", "2012JCAP...11..029G", "2012MNRAS.420.3469P", "2012PhRvD..85h3002S", "2012PhRvD..86j3513H", "2012PhRvD..86j3519C", "2013MNRAS.433..209N", "2013MNRAS.436.2038Z", "2013PhRvD..87f3526Z", "2014ApJ...789...31L", "2014MNRAS.440..555P", "2014MNRAS.443..122V", "2014PhRvD..90d3537M", "2014arXiv1403.5237B", "2015A&A...582A..16L", "2015MNRAS.451..539G", "2015PhRvD..92j3516O", "2015arXiv150502972B", "2016JCAP...03..061U", "2016JCAP...08..032B", "2016JCAP...08..050Z", "2016PhRvD..93f3007L", "2016PhRvD..94l3522K", "2017JCAP...01..049M", "2017JCAP...05..030Z", "2017JCAP...06..005U", "2017JCAP...06..042M", "2017JCAP...10..003A", "2017JCAP...11..039F", "2017MNRAS.465.1757G", "2017PhRvD..96d3513H", "2018JCAP...04..030S", "2018JCAP...07..018S", "2018JCAP...12..035D", "2018JKPS...73..504S", "2018MNRAS.476.4045G", "2018MNRAS.478.1341K", "2018PhR...733....1D", "2018PhRvD..97d3502Z", "2019JCAP...02..047S", "2019JCAP...06..013Z", "2019MNRAS.484.3713G", "2019PhRvD..99l3514E", "2019arXiv190708010V", "2020JCAP...07..011F", "2020MNRAS.492.1614W", "2020MNRAS.493..594B", "2020PhRvD.101j3528T", "2020PhRvD.102l3522P", "2021JCAP...03..021A", "2021JCAP...04..039A", "2021JCAP...12..021L", "2021MNRAS.507.1623C", "2021arXiv211210602M", "2022JCAP...02..026M", "2022JCAP...04..021M", "2022MNRAS.510.4456R", "2023arXiv231113529E", "2024A&A...685A..61B", "2024arXiv240518559F" ]
[ "1980lssu.book.....P", "1984ApJ...279..499F", "1984ApJ...284L...9K", "1984ApJ...285L...1P", "1985ApJ...292..371D", "1985MNRAS.217..805P", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1986ApJ...305L...5J", "1986ApJ...311....6G", "1987MNRAS.227....1K", "1989MNRAS.237.1127C", "1991MNRAS.253P..31B", "1992ApJ...385L...5H", "1992ApJ...392..419B", "1992ApJ...394L...5B", "1992ApJ...399L..11C", "1992PhRvD..46..585M", "1993ApJ...405..403B", "1993ApJ...410..469M", "1993ApJ...413..447F", "1993MNRAS.260..765C", "1993MNRAS.262.1065C", "1994A&A...291..697B", "1994ApJ...426...14C", "1994ApJ...431..495J", "1994ApJ...432....7K", "1994ApJ...433....1B", "1994ApJ...436....5C", "1994MNRAS.266..219F", "1994MNRAS.267.1020P", "1994MNRAS.268..966C", "1994MNRAS.270..183B", "1995A&A...298..643H", "1995ApJ...452..797C", "1995ApJS..101....1M", "1995MNRAS.275..483H", "1995MNRAS.275..515C", "1995MNRAS.276...39C", "1995MNRAS.276L..59B", "1995PhR...261..271S", "1996MNRAS.282..347M", "1996MNRAS.282..767T", "1997ApJ...487....1S", "1997MNRAS.286..795K", "1997MNRAS.290..651M", "1997astro.ph..9054E", "1998ApJ...495..516S", "1998ApJ...496..586S", "1998ApJ...500L..79T", "1998ApJ...502L...1C", "1998ApJ...504..601P", "1998ApJ...504..607S", "1998MNRAS.293..209M", "1998MNRAS.296...10H", "1998MNRAS.297..692C", "1999ApJ...514....7K", "1999ApJ...520...24D" ]
11644006
astro-ph/9803076
Modelling the 10-image lensed system B1933+503
A gravitational lens model is presented for the newly discovered 10-image system B1933+503. The underlying object, revealed by modelling, is a triple radio source on the scale of a couple of hundred mas that is well-aligned along the line of sight with a foreground and somewhat flattened lensing galaxy, the orientation and location of which match those of an observed galaxy, known to be at a redshift of 0.755. Uncertainties in the modelling are obtained by a Monte Carlo exercise. Observational tests of the lens model are proposed, and the time delays between various pairs of images are determined, as the core of the source is known to be significantly variable. Future observations of the lens hold the key to using B1933+503 to constrain Hubble's constant. Despite the absence of a source redshift, the utility of the system as a probe of the structure of the lens galaxy is unparalleled as it provides a surfeit of easily identifiable constraints for modelling the system.
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13.547951
4.225022
1998-12-01
20
1998MNRAS.301..315N
[ "modelling", "Monte Carlo", "images", "various pairs", "B1933", "+", "A gravitational lens model", "the lens galaxy", "Future observations", "a triple radio source" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: B1933+503", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "Astrophysics" ]
6
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02082.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9803076" ]
[ "Nair, S." ]
[ "Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands" ]
[ "1998ApJ...509L..13D", "1998MNRAS.301..310S", "1999A&A...352..406C", "1999MNRAS.305...15M", "1999astro.ph..5254N", "2000MNRAS.318...73B", "2001ASPC..237...79B", "2001ApJ...554.1216C", "2001ApJ...558..657M", "2001PASA...18..179K", "2003AJ....125.2769S", "2003MNRAS.341...13B", "2008A&A...486...45G", "2010ApJ...710..372G", "2010ApJ...715..793G", "2011ApJ...739L..28J", "2012ApJ...750...10S", "2012MNRAS.419.3414M", "2012MNRAS.420.2944W", "2021MNRAS.504.1340G" ]
[ "1964MNRAS.128..307R", "1973ApJ...185..747B", "1975ApJ...195....1C", "1975ApJ...195...13B", "1986ApJ...310..568B", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988A&A...191...39K", "1988MNRAS.231..229P", "1991ApJ...373..354K", "1992grle.book.....S", "1992nrfa.book.....P", "1993ApJ...417..450K", "1993MNRAS.261..435P", "1995ApJ...447L...5M", "1995MNRAS.274L..25J", "1996ApJ...460..612R", "1996IAUS..173..399A", "1996MNRAS.282...67K", "1997MNRAS.289..450K", "1998MNRAS.295..534K", "1998MNRAS.295L..41K", "1998MNRAS.296..483J", "1998MNRAS.301..310S" ]
11644043
astro-ph/9807305
Cluster mass estimation from lens magnification
The surface mass density of a cluster of galaxies, and thus its total mass, can be estimated from its lens magnification. The magnification can be determined from the variation in number counts of its background galaxies. In the weak lensing approximation the surface mass density is a linear function of the magnification. However, most observational data are concentrated in the central parts of clusters, so one needs to go beyond the weak lensing approximation and consider the lens shear as well, which is unknown from the variation in number counts alone. Our approach is to look for approximate relations between the lens shear and other lens properties in this strong lensing regime. Such relations exist for simple analytical cluster models, like the isothermal sphere, but are not generally a good description of observed or simulated galaxy clusters. We therefore study the lensing properties of a catalogue of numerical cluster models in order to find the best possible approximation for the shear that still allows straightforward determination of the surface mass density. We show that by using such an approximation one can fairly well reconstruct the surface mass distribution from the magnification alone. The approximations are tested using clean magnification maps obtained directly from simulated clusters, and also using lensed mock background galaxy distributions in order to estimate the intrinsic uncertainties of the method. We demonstrate that the mass estimated using the weak lens magnification approximation is usually at least twice the true mass. We illustrate our technique on existing data, and show that the resulting masses compare well with other estimates.
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12.609044
4.215076
1998-12-01
10
1998MNRAS.301..389V
[ "numerical cluster models", "simple analytical cluster models", "simulated clusters", "lensed mock background galaxy distributions", "other lens properties", "clusters", "clean magnification maps", "existing data", "the weak lens magnification approximation", "most observational data" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "DARK MATTER", "GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01997.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9807305" ]
[ "van Kampen, Eelco" ]
[ "Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ" ]
[ "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999MNRAS.309..465A", "2001ASPC..237..295T", "2001MNRAS.321..685D", "2001MNRAS.322..131R", "2001PhR...340..291B", "2002A&A...386...12D", "2002A&A...393..757S", "2005astro.ph..9252S", "2016PhRvD..93j3538D" ]
[ "1986desd.book.....S", "1988A&A...191L..19S", "1988ApJ...327..693G", "1991ApJ...375..492K", "1991MNRAS.248....1C", "1992ApJ...400...41K", "1992grle.book.....S", "1993ApJ...404..441K", "1994A&A...287....1B", "1994A&ARv...5..239F", "1994ApJ...427L..83B", "1994PhDT........56V", "1995A&A...294..411S", "1995A&A...297....1B", "1995A&A...302..639S", "1995A&A...303..643B", "1995ApJ...438...49B", "1995ApJ...439L...1K", "1995ApJ...454L...1K", "1995MNRAS.273..257M", "1996A&A...310....8K", "1996A&A...310...31M", "1996ASPC...94..265V", "1996ApJ...464L.115B", "1996MNRAS.280..199W", "1997A&A...321..353F", "1997ASPC..123..231V", "1997MNRAS.289..327V" ]
2068499
null
Optical Classification of Megamaser Galaxies
We have obtained spectroscopic observations of the nuclear regions of 42 galaxies known to harbor strong OH masers. These megamaser galaxies represent a subsample of FIR (ultra)luminous galaxies, which typically have FIR luminosities in excess of 10<SUP>11</SUP> L<SUB>⊙</SUB>. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the nuclear activity sources of OH megamaser galaxies. We are able to classify the nuclear emission-line spectra of all but one of our sample, and we find that this class of galaxies is dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs), although starburst galaxies do make up an appreciable fraction of the megamasers as well. Fully 45% of the megamasers exhibit Seyfert or LINER spectra, predominantly of Seyfert 2 type, although two galaxies with broad lines are observed. This observation is consistent with the current unification models for the two types of Seyfert activity, since the assumed geometry necessary to detect a megamaser places the Seyfert nucleus behind a high column density of molecular gas (i.e., the molecular torus). Starburst-nucleus galaxies comprise 32.5% of our sample, while 22.5% are classified as ``composite nuclear spectra'' (CSN) sources, showing evidence of both AGN and starburst activity. A number of objects show unusual emission-line ratios, not surprising for a group of galaxies that are known a priori to possess substantial absorbing material along the line of sight to their nuclei. Our results are compared to previous studies of FIR-selected galaxy samples, as well as to radio-continuum observations of these galaxies. The activity classification obtained from the radio data disagrees with the optical classifications in roughly 25% of the sources; we discuss possible explanations for these discrepancies. <P />Observations at the Palomar Observatory were made as part of a continuing collaborative agreement between the California Institute of Technology and Cornell University.
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12.6528
11.589052
1998-12-01
72
1998ApJ...509..633B
[ "OH megamaser galaxies", "starburst galaxies", "galaxies", "ultra)luminous galaxies", "Seyfert activity", "broad lines", "FIR-selected galaxy samples", "active galactic nuclei", "FIR luminosities", "Seyfert" ]
[ "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "MASERS", "Galaxies: Nuclei", "Galaxies: Seyfert", "Galaxies: Starburst", "Infrared: Galaxies", "Masers" ]
5
[ "10.1086/306504" ]
[ "Baan, Willem A.", "Salzer, John J.", "LeWinter, Robin D." ]
[ "Arecibo Observatory, Barrio Esperanza, Arecibo, PR 00613;", "Astronomy Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457; ; NSF Presidential Faculty Fellow.", "Astronomy Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457;" ]
[ "2000A&A...357....7P", "2000A&A...360...49H", "2000AJ....119.3003D", "2000ApJ...532L..95C", "2001AJ....122..536P", "2001ASPC..249..639B", "2001ApJ...560..119H", "2001IAUS..205..326B", "2001MNRAS.326..403B", "2001sgnf.conf..237D", "2002A&A...383...65H", "2002AJ....123..142C", "2002AJ....124..100D", "2002AcASn..43..347Y", "2002ApJ...564..650C", "2002MNRAS.329..877C", "2003A&A...404..513K", "2003Ap&SS.283...43Y", "2003ApJ...583..670C", "2003ChA&A..27...37Y", "2003MNRAS.338..745Y", "2003MNRAS.344L..59M", "2003Natur.421..821K", "2003astro.ph..2395K", "2004ApJ...601..813D", "2004MNRAS.353..477C", "2004PABei..22...81Y", "2005A&A...443..383P", "2005AJ....129.2940F", "2005Ap.....48...99K", "2005Ap.....48..237K", "2005ApJ...618..705P", "2005MNRAS.364...99V", "2006A&A...449..559B", "2006AJ....132.2596D", "2006ApJ...637..138M", "2006ApJ...650..835A", "2006MNRAS.371..157M", "2007AJ....133..496C", "2007ApJ...667L.141R", "2007ApJ...669L...9D", "2007IAUS..242..417D", "2008A&A...484..631V", "2008ApJ...675..303G", "2010AJ....140...63I", "2010Ap.....53..475K", "2010ApJ...713.1393W", "2010ApJ...724..559L", "2011ApJ...730...56W", "2011MNRAS.414.3084B", "2011MNRAS.416.1267M", "2012ApJ...744....2A", "2013ApJ...763....8M", "2014ApJ...787...40M", "2015A&A...577A..78P", "2015ApJ...799...25S", "2015ApJ...814...11T", "2015aska.confE..70B", "2016ApJ...816...55W", "2016ApJ...819....4R", "2016MNRAS.459..220S", "2018A&A...609A..75F", "2018MNRAS.479.3966H", "2018arXiv181208953O", "2019A&A...623A..29F", "2019ApJ...870..104S", "2019ApJ...871..191O", "2019MNRAS.483.4586F", "2019MNRAS.486.3350S", "2019RAA....19...18C", "2023A&A...669A.148W", "2024IAUS..380...40A" ]
[ "1977ApJ...218..767S", "1979ApJ...227..131S", "1980A&A....87..152H", "1981PASP...93....5B", "1982PASP...94..586O", "1983ApJ...264..105F", "1983ApJ...266..713O", "1985A&A...147....1D", "1985ApJ...297..476B", "1985ApJ...297..621A", "1985ApJS...57....1M", "1985ApJS...58..125E", "1987A&A...185...14H", "1987ApJS...63..295V", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1988ApJ...328..315M", "1988ApJ...330..743B", "1989ApJ...338..804B", "1989ApJ...346..680B", "1989ApJ...347..727A", "1989agna.book.....O", "1990A&A...231L..19M", "1990ApJ...355..456M", "1990ApJS...74..833H", "1990PASA....8..246M", "1990dig..book...60S", "1991A&ARv...3...47H", "1991ApJ...378...65C", "1993A&AS...99...71K", "1993ARA&A..31..473A", "1993ApJ...402..125M", "1993ApJ...405..522V", "1993ApJ...410..567H", "1993ApJ...415..140B", "1993ApJ...418L..13J", "1994ApJ...436L.127N", "1995A&A...300..659R", "1995AJ....110.2610A", "1995ApJ...447..545A", "1995ApJ...452..599L", "1995ApJ...454..745B", "1995ApJS...97...89L", "1995PASP..107..803U", "1996A&A...315L.133S", "1996A&A...315L.137L", "1996MNRAS.279..477C", "1996MNRAS.281..509S", "1997A&A...319...52V", "1997A&A...323...31K", "1997Natur.386..472S", "1997hsra.book...73B", "1998ApJ...492..137S", "1998ApJ...498..579G" ]
2065806
null
Discovery of a Double Circumnuclear Ring and Minibar in the Starburst Galaxy M83
Our (J-K) color observations of the central regions of the starburst galaxy M83 reveal a double circumnuclear ring. The main dust lanes spiral into the outer nuclear ring at a radius of 150 pc. The two rings may coincide with two inner Lindblad resonances. The main hot spots occur in an arc that is between the rings. A dust bar that is offset 90 deg from the primary stellar bar connects the outer nuclear ring to the inner nuclear ring at a radius of 50 pc and may provide the path for gas to flow to the central starburst.
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11.337332
8.325259
1998-12-01
65
1998AJ....116.2834E
[ "the outer nuclear ring", "the inner nuclear ring", "a double circumnuclear ring", "starburst", "M83", "gas", "the starburst galaxy M83", "the primary stellar bar", "Lindblad", "The main hot spots" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL (M83", "NGC 5236)", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "GALAXIES: STARBURST" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300657" ]
[ "Elmegreen, Debra Meloy", "Chromey, Frederick R.", "Warren, Aaron R." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604" ]
[ "1999AJ....118..777E", "1999ASPC..187...72K", "1999Ap&SS.269...79B", "2000A&A...359..887L", "2000A&A...362..465R", "2000A&A...364L..47T", "2000ApJ...529..845C", "2001AJ....122.3046H", "2002A&A...384...99S", "2002ASPC..273..265C", "2002ApJ...572..838B", "2003A&A...410...53S", "2003MNRAS.341..909L", "2004A&A...413..505L", "2004A&A...422..865L", "2004AJ....127.1405C", "2004ApJ...613L.105A", "2004ApJ...616L..59S", "2004IAUS..222..161D", "2004IAUS..222..219W", "2005A&A...434...77L", "2005A&A...439..265H", "2005A&A...441..491V", "2005ASSL..329...21C", "2006AJ....131..701L", "2006AJ....131.1394M", "2006AJ....132..310M", "2006ApJ...652.1122D", "2006RMxAC..26..123R", "2007IAUS..238..277D", "2007MNRAS.381..228P", "2007MNRAS.382.1552L", "2008A&A...482..229K", "2008A&A...490..125M", "2008AJ....136.2468D", "2008ApJ...675L..17F", "2008IAUS..245..297D", "2008MNRAS.385.1110H", "2009AJ....137.4083R", "2009Ap&SS.324..177M", "2009ApJ...693..586T", "2010ApJ...717L..42D", "2010IJMPD..19.1259D", "2010MNRAS.402.2462C", "2010MNRAS.408..797K", "2011ApJ...727..100W", "2011ApJ...731...45H", "2012ApJ...752...47P", "2012ApJS..203....8B", "2013JMPh....4...55F", "2014ApJ...788...55B", "2014ApJ...795..109J", "2014arXiv1401.4791L", "2015A&A...575A..88W", "2015MNRAS.448..168J", "2016IJAA....6..219A", "2017ApJ...839...83W", "2018ApJ...868....7M", "2018PASJ...70...73H", "2020Galax...8...13L", "2020MNRAS.491.2366B", "2021ASPC..528..295C", "2021MNRAS.505.4310C", "2022A&A...660A..77D", "2023ApJ...948..124H" ]
[ "1965PASP...77..287S", "1975Ap&SS..33..173P", "1976ApJ...209...53S", "1977PhDT.........6A", "1979AJ.....84.1270D", "1979ApJ...229...91T", "1981A&AS...44..441C", "1981ApJ...243..716J", "1984MNRAS.209...93S", "1985A&A...150..327C", "1985AJ.....90.1474O", "1985MNRAS.214..429G", "1986Natur.319..296A", "1987ApJ...313..644T", "1988ARA&A..26..343T", "1988ang..book.....T", "1989ApJ...338L..53B", "1989Natur.338...45S", "1990ApJ...348..495A", "1990ApJ...355...44P", "1990ApJ...363..391P", "1990PASJ...42....1H", "1991A&A...243..309G", "1991ApJ...381..118K", "1991ApJ...381..130L", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992AJ....103..784D", "1992ApJS...79...37E", "1992MNRAS.259..345A", "1993A&A...273...31S", "1993A&A...274..687N", "1993A&A...274..707T", "1993A&A...277...27F", "1993AAS...182.3104H", "1993AJ....105.1344B", "1993ApJ...412...90E", "1993ApJ...418..687K", "1993PhDT........14I", "1993RMxAA..27..203W", "1994A&A...285...44M", "1994AJ....107.1018S", "1994ApJ...425L..73E", "1994vsf..book..303H", "1995A&A...298...87G", "1995A&AS..111..115W", "1995AJ....110.1009B", "1995AJ....110.2757E", "1995ApJ...443L..73K", "1995ApJ...454..623K", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1995ApJS...96...39B", "1995MNRAS.274..369S", "1996A&A...315L.141R", "1996A&AS..118..461F", "1996AJ....111.1861B", "1996AJ....111.2248M", "1996ApJ...467..579E", "1996ApJ...471..143H", "1996FCPh...17...95B", "1996IAUCo.157..129R", "1996IAUCo.157..143T", "1997AJ....114.1850E", "1997ApJ...476..120P", "1997ApJ...488..286L", "1997RMxAC...6..165E", "1998A&A...329...39E", "1998AJ....115..484B" ]
2065833
null
The NGC 1399 Globular Cluster System: Washington Photometry Revisited
A new analysis and discussion of Washington CCD photometry for some 500 globular cluster candidates associated with the Fornax cluster cD galaxy NGC 1399 are presented. The image handling in this work includes improved methods for the removal of both the galaxy halo and fringing effects over that employed in a previous work of ours. The analysis of the globular cluster candidates inside an annular region between 0.5‧ and 4' from the galaxy center using two-color diagrams shows a clear bimodal distribution for objects fainter than T_1 = 21.0 (V ~ 21.5). The modal colors of the globular clusters belonging to the red population are coincident, within the measuring uncertainties, with those of the galaxy halo. In turn, the average integrated colors of the blue population are comparable to those of the bluest non-star-forming low surface brightness galaxies in Fornax. Red clusters appear more centrally concentrated than the blue clusters. A new determination of the integrated luminosity function turnover (T_1 = 23.24) leads to a distance modulus for NGC 1399 of V_0 - M_V = 31.02 +/- 0.2. The total number of globular clusters, combined with our preliminary photometry of the galaxy halo, leads to an overall specific frequency S_N = 5.6 +/- 1.0, which is considerably lower than previous estimates available in the literature. We note that these last values have been based on an extrapolation of aperture photometry of the inner regions of the galaxy.
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10.156091
7.919171
1998-12-01
61
1998AJ....116.2854O
[ "globular clusters", "Red clusters", "Washington CCD photometry", "aperture photometry", "the Fornax cluster cD galaxy", "previous estimates", "the bluest non-star-forming low surface brightness galaxies", "objects fainter", "the globular cluster candidates", "T_1" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC NUMBER: NGC 1399", "GALAXIES: STAR CLUSTERS" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300628" ]
[ "Ostrov, Pablo G.", "Forte, Juan C.", "Geisler, Doug" ]
[ "Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina", "Facultad de Ciencias Astrónomicas y Geof, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; and Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, CONICET", "Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatoires, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719" ]
[ "1998CeMDA..72..157B", "1999AJ....117.1206K", "1999AJ....117.2398M", "1999AJ....118.1506B", "1999AJ....118.1526G", "1999PASP..111..919H", "2000AJ....119.2699W", "2000ApJS..128..431F", "2001A&A...371..875G", "2001AJ....121.1992F", "2001AJ....121.2950K", "2001MNRAS.322..257F", "2001Msngr.106...15G", "2001stcl.conf..223H", "2002A&A...393..855A", "2002AJ....124.2664L", "2002IAUS..207.....G", "2002IAUS..207..251F", "2002IAUS..207..324D", "2002IAUS..207..345B", "2002MNRAS.333..383B", "2002RMxAC..14...38D", "2003A&A...399..489B", "2003AJ....125.1908D", "2003AN....324..242E", "2003ApJ...592..866C", "2003LNP...635..281R", "2003egcs.conf..107D", "2003egcs.conf..293R", "2003egcs.conf..317H", "2004A&A...414..515F", "2004AJ....127.2094R", "2005A&A...433...43D", "2005ApJ...631..511I", "2005MNRAS.357...56F", "2006A&A...451..789B", "2006A&A...452..141G", "2006ARA&A..44..193B", "2006ApJ...636...90H", "2006ApJ...653..193M", "2006BASI...34...83R", "2006MNRAS.367..156B", "2007AN....328..107S", "2007MNRAS.382.1947F", "2008AJ....136.1013K", "2008ApJ...681.1233W", "2008MNRAS.386.1145B", "2008MNRAS.386.2311S", "2009ApJ...699..254H", "2009ApJ...700.1382C", "2010ApJ...709..377P", "2011ApJS..197...33S", "2011MNRAS.416..155F", "2012ApJ...746...88B", "2013ASPC..470..327R", "2013ApJ...763...40K", "2015MNRAS.450.4198S", "2016ApJ...822...95C", "2018A&A...611A..93C", "2018MNRAS.480.3279U", "2020ApJS..248....6D" ]
[ "1913MNRAS..74..132R", "1976AJ.....81..228C", "1977AJ.....82..798H", "1978ApJ...225..357S", "1981AJ.....86.1627H", "1981ApJ...245..416S", "1981ApJ...245L...9F", "1982AJ.....87.1165B", "1986ApJ...309..564H", "1986ApJS...60..603S", "1987AJ.....93...53M", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1987PASP...99..191S", "1988AJ.....96...92A", "1988ApJ...325..165K", "1989ApJS...71..817B", "1990ApJ...350L...5G", "1990ApJS...73..637M", "1990PASP..102..344G", "1991AJ....101..469B", "1991ARA&A..29..543H", "1992ApJ...384...50A", "1993AJ....105.1358S", "1993AJ....105.1762O", "1993MNRAS.264..611Z", "1994AJ....108.2087A", "1994AJ....108.2348A", "1994ApJ...422..486M", "1994ApJ...422L...9G", "1994ApJS...93..397C", "1995AJ....110.1164A", "1995ApJ...453L..77W", "1995ApJ...454L..73W", "1996A&A...307..385J", "1996A&A...309L..39K", "1996ApJ...461..176C", "1997A&A...319..470K", "1997AJ....113.1652F", "1997AJ....114..482B", "1997AJ....114.1797W", "1997ApJ...481L..59B", "1997PASP..109..338O", "1997eds..proc..254W", "1998AJ....115..105K", "1998AJ....115..121M", "1998AJ....115.1801H", "1998MNRAS.293..325F" ]
2067775
null
The Pico DOS Dias Survey Starburst Galaxies
We discuss the nature of the galaxies found in the Pico dos Dias Survey (PDS) for young stellar objects. The PDS galaxies were selected from the IRAS Point Source catalog. They have flux density of moderate or high quality at 12, 25, and 60 μm and spectral indices in the ranges -3.00 &lt;= α(25, 12) &lt;= + 0.35 and -2.50 &lt;= α(60, 25) &lt;= +0.85. These criteria allowed the detection of 382 galaxies, which are a mixture of starburst and Seyfert galaxies. Most of the PDS Seyfert galaxies are included in the catalog of warm IRAS sources by de Grijp et al. The remaining galaxies constitute a homogeneous sample of luminous [log F (L<SUB>B</SUB>/L<SUB>⊙</SUB>) = 9.9 +/- 0.4] starburst galaxies, 67% of which were not recognized as such before. The starburst nature of the PDS galaxies is established by comparing their L<SUB>IR</SUB>/L<SUB>B</SUB> ratios and IRAS colors with a sample of emission-line galaxies from the literature already classified as starburst galaxies. The starburst galaxies show an excess of FIR luminosity, and their IRAS colors are significantly different from those of Seyfert galaxies-99% of the starburst galaxies in our sample have a spectral index α(60, 25) &lt; -1.9. As opposed to Seyfert galaxies, very few PDS starbursts are detected in X-rays. In the infrared, the starburst galaxies form a continuous sequence with normal galaxies. But they generally can be distinguished from normal galaxies by their spectral index α(60, 25) &gt; -2.5. This color cutoff also marks a change in the dominant morphologies of the galaxies: the normal IRAS galaxies are preferentially late-type spirals (Sb and later), while the starbursts are more numerous among early-type spirals (earlier than Sbc). This preference of starbursts for early-type spirals is not new, but a trait of the massive starburst nucleus galaxies (Coziol et al.). As in other starburst nucleus galaxy samples, the PDS starbursts show no preference for barred galaxies. No difference is found between the starbursts detected in the FIR and those detected on the basis of UV excess. The PDS starburst galaxies represent the FIR luminous branch of the UV-bright starburst nucleus galaxies, with mean FIR luminosity log (L<SUB>IR</SUB>/L<SUB>⊙</SUB>) = 10.3 +/- 0.5 and redshifts smaller than 0.1. They form a complete sample limited in flux in the FIR at 2 × 10<SUP>-10</SUP> ergs cm<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>.
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12.783016
7.586961
1998-12-01
36
1998ApJS..119..239C
[ "starburst galaxies", "Seyfert galaxies", "normal galaxies", "nucleus galaxies", "barred galaxies", "other starburst nucleus galaxy samples", "FIR luminosity log", "IRAS colors", "the massive starburst nucleus galaxies", "mean FIR luminosity log" ]
[ "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "GALAXIES: STARBURST", "INFRARED: GALAXIES", "SURVEYS", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "Galaxies: Seyfert", "Galaxies: Starburst", "Infrared: Galaxies", "Surveys", "X-Rays: Galaxies" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313162" ]
[ "Coziol, Roger", "Torres, Carlos A. O.", "Quast, Germano R.", "Contini, Thierry", "Davoust, Emmanuel" ]
[ "Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica-LNA/CNPq, CP 21, 37500-000 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.; Present address: Observatório Nacional, CEP 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica-LNA/CNPq, CP 21, 37500-000 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.", "Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica-LNA/CNPq, CP 21, 37500-000 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.", "School of Physics &amp; Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.", "Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France." ]
[ "1999A&A...345...81C", "1999A&A...345..733C", "1999Ap&SS.269..609C", "2000A&A...355..922J", "2000A&A...363..933M", "2001A&A...365..347M", "2001AJ....122.2923A", "2001Ap&SS.276..561C", "2001ApJS..132...37K", "2001MNRAS.325.1081C", "2002ApJ...581L...9D", "2002ApJS..143..377W", "2003A&A...406..505R", "2003MNRAS.344..181C", "2004A&A...416..515D", "2004AJ....127.3213M", "2004ASSL..304...69T", "2004ApJ...600..634B", "2004ApJ...607L..99T", "2004MNRAS.353..477C", "2004NuPhS.132..141B", "2004RPPh...67.1663T", "2005APh....23..175G", "2006APh....26..325T", "2006ApJ...650..850G", "2006ApJ...651...93K", "2006PASJ...58..813I", "2007A&A...462..575A", "2008APh....29..188P", "2010ApJ...724..559L", "2012A&A...542A..46S", "2013MNRAS.431.1823M", "2013MNRAS.435.2861M", "2016ApJ...827...58S", "2016MNRAS.455.1294D", "2020ApJ...894...88A" ]
[ "1972ApJ...173...25S", "1977ApJS...35..171H", "1980A&A....87..152H", "1980ApJ...242..517G", "1981ApJ...248..105W", "1981PASP...93....5B", "1982ApJS...50..517S", "1983ApJ...268..602B", "1983ApJ...272...54K", "1985MNRAS.214..429G", "1987A&AS...70...95D", "1987ApJ...316..145S", "1987ApJS...63..295V", "1988ApJ...325...74S", "1989ApJS...70..447S", "1990PASA....8..246M", "1990PASP..102..709L", "1991A&A...251..417P", "1991A&AS...91..285T", "1991MNRAS.248..528A", "1992AJ....103..549G", "1993A&A...275..416K", "1993AJ....105...35C", "1993AJ....106..907H", "1994AJ....108..405C", "1994ARA&A..32..115R", "1994ApJ...429..153S", "1994mtia.conf..312M", "1995AJ....109.2146T", "1995ApJ...446..561M", "1995ApJS...98..171V", "1995MNRAS.275....1T", "1996A&A...309..345C", "1996AJ....112..359V", "1996ApJ...458..132C", "1996ApJS..102..189T", "1996bas..conf..139T", "1997A&A...319...52V", "1997AJ....113..599D", "1997AJ....113.1548C", "1997ApJ...481L..67C", "1997ApJ...487..568H", "1997ApJS..108..155G", "1997ApJS..108..229H", "1998A&AS..130..285C", "1998AN....319...37H", "1998ApJ...496...93D", "1998ApJ...496L..93D", "1998ApJS..117...25M" ]
2065835
null
The Ages of Disturbed Field Elliptical Galaxies. II. Central Properties
The formation of elliptical galaxies via the merger of gas-rich disks has received considerable attention in recent years, with many studies strongly supporting the merger hypothesis. When investigated in detail, the dynamics of a major merger that produces a high phase-space density of material (e.g., the center of an elliptical galaxy) invariably produces the ubiquitous signature of a centrally concentrated burst of star formation. We have searched for this central burst of star formation in a sample of field elliptical galaxies that exhibit morphological fine structure thought to be indicative of merging. Out of this sample of 32 galaxies, we find only two galaxies, NGC 3610 and NGC 5322, with sufficiently red central near-IR colors to be consistent with the asymptotic giant branch light reflective of the central burst of star formation a few gigayears ago. Using NGC 3610 and 5322 as case studies, we discuss possible astrophysical links between global and central properties and their implied constraints on elliptical galaxy formation and evolution. In particular, we conclude that the available evidence argues against mergers of disk galaxies within the last 3-4 Gyr as being the primary formation mechanism for morphologically disturbed field elliptical galaxies.
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11.176629
6.628222
1998-12-01
20
1998AJ....116.2793S
[ "elliptical galaxy formation", "elliptical galaxies", "field elliptical galaxies", "disk galaxies", "star formation", "mergers", "morphologically disturbed field elliptical galaxies", "many studies", "morphological fine structure", "possible astrophysical links" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: STELLAR CONTENT", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
1
[ "10.1086/300642" ]
[ "Silva, David R.", "Bothun, Gregory D." ]
[ "European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "Department of Physics, University of Oregon, 120 Willamette Hall, Eugene, OR 97403" ]
[ "1999ApJ...525...31S", "2000ApJ...541..126M", "2001AJ....122.2969H", "2001ApJ...546..189B", "2001ApJ...552..150L", "2002A&A...390..891B", "2002ASPC..283..351P", "2002MNRAS.330..547T", "2002astro.ph..5423B", "2003AJ....125..626S", "2003AJ....125..667H", "2003ApJ...585...78V", "2003MNRAS.341..747B", "2004A&A...428..373B", "2004AJ....127..295S", "2004AJ....128.2749H", "2008ApJ...674..194S", "2010A&A...519A..59B", "2014A&A...562A..47G", "2018MNRAS.475.4670D" ]
[ "1977egsp.conf..401T", "1978ApJ...223..824A", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1981rsac.book.....S", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1983ApJ...266..105P", "1983MNRAS.205.1009N", "1984ApJ...279..596Q", "1984ApJS...54...33B", "1984Natur.311..517B", "1985MNRAS.212..767B", "1986A&A...166...53D", "1986ApJ...302..234D", "1987ApJ...320..199F", "1987ApJS...64..581D", "1987ApJS...64..601B", "1987MNRAS.226..747J", "1988A&A...202L...5B", "1988ApJ...331..682H", "1989A&A...217...35B", "1989ApJ...342....1H", "1989ApJ...344..613F", "1989ddse.work...13I", "1990A&A...235...49S", "1990AJ....100.1091P", "1990ApJ...352...96F", "1990ApJ...361..381B", "1990ApJ...364L..33S", "1990MNRAS.247..122T", "1991ApJ...370L..65B", "1991ApJ...383..112F", "1991MNRAS.253..256T", "1991Natur.354..210H", "1992A&A...258..250B", "1992AJ....104.1039S", "1992ApJ...393..484B", "1992ApJ...398...69W", "1992MNRAS.254..389R", "1993A&A...271...51P", "1993ApJ...411..153B", "1993ApJ...418...82M", "1993PhDT.......172G", "1993SPIE.1765...94E", "1994A&AS..105..341G", "1994ApJ...425..458S", "1994ApJ...428..511S", "1994ApJ...432..518T", "1994ApJS...95..107W", "1995AJ....109.1154F", "1995AJ....110..140H", "1995AJ....110.2027V", "1995AJ....110.2788T", "1995AJ....110.2844K", "1996AJ....111..109S", "1996AJ....111.2238P", "1996ApJ...457L..15S", "1996ApJ...462L..17S", "1996ApJ...464..641M", "1996ApJ...471..115B", "1996IAUS..171..181B", "1996MNRAS.283L.117K", "1996Natur.381..581D", "1996Natur.383...45P", "1997AJ....114.1771F", "1997AJ....114.1797W", "1997ApJ...481..710C", "1997ApJ...484..581S", "1997MNRAS.285L...1D", "1998AJ....116...85S", "1998ApJ...500..619M" ]
2068677
null
New Hα Spectropolarimetry of NGC 4151: The Broad-Line Region-Host Connection
We have performed a careful decomposition of the broad Hα line profile of the bright, nearby Seyfert 1.5 galaxy NGC 4151 into multiple line-of-sight velocity components, in order to understand its polarization structure. Using the Stokes fluxes, Q × F and U × F, we then extracted the polarization properties of each fitted component. Assuming a simple scattering geometry, we can associate several components of the broad-line profile with specific large-scale morphological structures in the host galaxy, such as the radio jet, the central bar, and the dynamical axis. This implies that the broad-line region (BLR) of NGC 4151 is scattered along preferential axes defined by these structures, and suggests the existence of bulk flows along these directions. We propose that NGC 4151 is the result of a merger event. This provides a natural mechanism for coupling the BLR to the host galaxy, for example by streaming of material along the bar from the surrounding regions to the nucleus.
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15.354524
7.771755
1998-12-01
23
1998ApJ...508..657M
[ "Q × F", "U × F", "several components", "NGC", "preferential axes", "the broad Hα line profile", "BLR", "specific large-scale morphological structures", "the host galaxy", "the broad-line profile" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC NUMBER: NGC 4151", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: NUCLEI", "GALAXIES: SEYFERT", "POLARIZATION", "Galaxies: Individual: NGC Number: NGC 4151", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Galaxies: Nuclei", "Galaxies: Seyfert", "Polarization" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306453" ]
[ "Martel, André R." ]
[ "Board of Studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064" ]
[ "1999ASPC..175..111M", "2000A&ARv..10..135U", "2000NewAR..44..563G", "2001A&A...372...59S", "2001ApJ...551..671K", "2002ASPC..255..255C", "2003ApJ...593..676S", "2004ApJ...616..147G", "2005MNRAS.359..846S", "2007A&A...465..129G", "2008A&A...486...99S", "2010ApJ...711.1174T", "2010arXiv1008.1057G", "2011A&A...527A.121K", "2011A&A...536A..78K", "2011ApJ...738...90B", "2012ApJ...749..148G", "2014MNRAS.440..519A", "2014Natur.515..528H", "2016A&A...591A..23M", "2019MNRAS.482.4985A", "2019sf2a.conf..509M", "2022ApJ...940...28K" ]
[ "1983ApJ...268..102H", "1987MNRAS.228..671U", "1988igbo.conf..157M", "1991MNRAS.249...36T", "1992MNRAS.259..369P", "1993ApJ...417...82E", "1993MNRAS.263..471P", "1994AJ....108...76A", "1994ApJ...434...82G", "1996PhDT........80M" ]
2106397
null
Magnetization of the Intergalactic Medium by Primeval Galaxies
We review what has recently been learned from starburst-driven ``superwinds,'' galaxy-scale outflows, dwarf galaxy surveys, and evidence for early-universe merging scenarios. We apply this knowledge to simplified model populations of dwarf galaxies in the primeval galaxy era to demonstrate how a substantial fraction of the intergalactic medium can be permeated with magnetic fields by dwarf galaxy outflow winds in the ``volcanic early universe.'' Mechanisms of both magnetic field regeneration and diffusion are discussed as they apply to galaxies at both primeval and later epochs of the universe. We propose that, in the past, magnetic field strengths in outflow superbubbles and halos were stronger than those now prevailing in the disks of current-epoch galaxies such as the Milky Way. We also show how subsequent acausal diffusion of magnetic fields (which we have not modeled) can propagate the fields over great distances in the universe within a Hubble time. We conclude that dwarf galaxies can effectively seed the intergalactic medium with magnetic fields for a wide range of outflow and galaxy density parameters. If the first galaxies form at or before z~10 in a ``bottom-up'' hierarchical merging scenario, a substantial fraction of the intergalactic medium will become permeated with a magnetic field at the present epoch. This intergalactic field seeding is largely accomplished by z~6.
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12.252133
-0.594922
1999-01-01
147
1999ApJ...511...56K
[ "magnetic fields", "magnetic field strengths", "dwarf galaxy outflow winds", "dwarf galaxies", "dwarf galaxy surveys", "galaxies", "outflow superbubbles", "outflow", "both magnetic field regeneration", "galaxy-scale outflows" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: MAGNETIC FIELDS", "GALAXIES: INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Galaxies: Formation", "Galaxies: Magnetic Fields", "Galaxies: Intergalactic Medium" ]
2
[ "10.1086/306662" ]
[ "Kronberg, Philipp P.", "Lesch, Harald", "Hopp, Ulrich" ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada", "Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 München, Germany", "Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 München, Germany" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..409E", "1999A&A...348..351D", "1999A&A...348..405H", "1999ApJ...518..177B", "1999ApJ...523..575L", "1999astro.ph..6329D", "1999dtrp.conf...71E", "2000A&A...353..108B", "2000ApJ...541...88V", "2000ApJ...543..235H", "2000PhPl....7..701W", "2000RSPTA.358.2077H", "2000astro.ph..1433E", "2001A&A...378..777D", "2001A&A...379..807G", "2001AIPC..558..436J", "2001APh....15..223B", "2001APh....16...47M", "2001ASPC..241...57B", "2001ApJ...556..619F", "2001ApJ...560..178K", "2001IJMPD..10..913P", "2001LNP...576..181B", "2001MNRAS.320..365B", "2001astro.ph.12412T", "2002ARA&A..40..319C", "2002ApJ...567..202E", "2002ChJAA...2..293H", "2002IAUS..199..141E", "2002NewA....7..249B", "2002PhT....55l..40K", "2002RvMP...74..775W", "2002luml.conf..450F", "2003ASPC..300..293G", "2003ASPC..301..293B", "2003ApJ...585..128K", "2003ApJ...588...18F", "2003NuPhS.122...86B", "2003PhPl...10.1985K", "2004APh....20..579G", "2004Ap&SS.293..235W", "2004ApJ...606..853H", "2004BASI...32..385B", "2004IJMPD..13.1549G", "2004JKAS...37..343K", "2004JKAS...37..501K", "2004JKAS...37..517G", "2004JKAS...37..527B", "2004NewAR..48..763V", "2004NewAR..48.1003G", "2004NuPhS.136..234D", "2004PhRvD..70d3007S", "2005ASPC..345..276K", "2005JCAP...01..009D", "2005MNRAS.359L..47C", "2005MPLA...20.3055B", "2006A&A...453..447E", "2006AIPC..875..289D", "2006AN....327..395R", "2006AN....327..448H", "2006AN....327..575D", "2006ApJ...637...19X", "2006ApJ...644..651K", "2006JCAP...01..002D", "2006MNRAS.370..319B", "2006PhRvD..74f3002G", "2006Sci...314..791B", "2007MNRAS.382..229S", "2007NewAR..51..141B", "2008AIPC.1085...83B", "2008ASPC..396...35B", "2008IAUS..255..167K", "2008LNP...740..143F", "2008PhRvD..77l3003K", "2008SSRv..134..295B", "2008SSRv..134..311D", "2009A&A...494...21A", "2009Ap&SS.320...77B", "2009IAUS..259..557S", "2009MNRAS.392.1008D", "2009MNRAS.397..733K", "2009NuPhS.190...61B", "2010A&A...510A..97S", "2010A&A...523A..72D", "2010ApJ...712..536K", "2010MNRAS.403..453D", "2011A&A...529A..94C", "2011AIPC.1381..117B", "2011ARA&A..49..119K", "2011EAS....48..473K", "2011IAUS..274..389S", "2011NewAR..55...91V", "2011arXiv1104.4231K", "2011arXiv1106.5109C", "2011ssug.conf...37D", "2012AJ....144...43I", "2012ApJ...746L...6C", "2012ApJ...759...91C", "2013A&A...553A...4N", "2013A&A...555A..23A", "2013A&ARv..21...62D", "2013MNRAS.429L..60B", "2013MNRAS.432..176P", "2013MNRAS.435.3575B", "2014A&A...562A.136S", "2014MNRAS.440...24S", "2014MNRAS.445.3706V", "2015A&A...580A.119V", "2015MNRAS.453..345D", "2015MNRAS.453.3999M", "2015SSRv..188..141B", "2016A&A...589A..12D", "2016ApJ...819...39C", "2016mssf.book..141B", "2017A&A...608A..29A", "2017CQGra..34w4001V", "2017MNRAS.472.1649D", "2018Galax...6..124L", "2018JHEAp..20....1G", "2018MNRAS.478..283V", "2018PASJ...70R...2A", "2018PhRvD..98d3018G", "2018SSRv..214..122D", "2018arXiv181109717L", "2019A&A...632A..12S", "2019ApJ...870L...9J", "2019MNRAS.487..123G", "2019MNRAS.488.4220H", "2021A&A...653A..23V", "2021ApJ...914...24L", "2021Galax...9..109V", "2021MNRAS.500.5350V", "2021MNRAS.503.2913A", "2021MNRAS.505..684P", "2022ApJ...936...92L", "2022MNRAS.516..216C", "2022PASA...39...10A", "2022Univ....8..253G", "2022arXiv221106935G", "2023ApJ...944..100M", "2023ApJ...952..152D", "2023MNRAS.523.1209C", "2023MNRAS.525..577H", "2023PhRvD.107d3006G", "2023PhRvD.107j3007G", "2023PhRvD.108h3017G", "2023PhRvL.131y1001G" ]
[ "1971ApJ...163..255P", "1971ApJ...163..279P", "1976Natur.263..653K", "1979AN....300..181K", "1980mfmd.book.....K", "1983PhRvL..51.1488H", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1987ApJ...317..128V", "1987ApJ...319L...1W", "1987QJRAS..28..197R", "1988ApJ...324..776M", "1988MNRAS.233..553D", "1989A&A...217...99L", "1989ApJ...336..722S", "1989ApJ...341..828K", "1989Natur.341..720K", "1990A&A...233..417L", "1990ApJ...364..451D", "1991ApJ...379L...1V", "1991ApJ...379L..45S", "1992A&A...256...10R", "1992AJ....103...60M", "1992AN....313..189S", "1992ApJ...401..137P", "1992MNRAS.255..346B", "1993A&A...278..561H", "1993ApJ...411..501L", "1994A&ARv...6...67F", "1994ApJ...420..484T", "1994ApJ...431..598D", "1994MNRAS.267..889S", "1994Natur.372..157T", "1994PASP..106.1225G", "1994RPPh...57..325K", "1994pvgt.conf..173B", "1995AJ....109.1522C", "1995ApJ...438..563M", "1995ApJ...448...98H", "1995RvMA....8..277H", "1996ApJ...457..671H", "1996ApJ...462..732H", "1996ApJ...467L...1L", "1996ApJ...470..781W", "1996Natur.381..759L", "1996SSRv...75..279V", "1997A&A...320..731D", "1997A&A...321.1007H", "1997A&A...322..375H", "1997A&A...325..881P", "1997AIPC..393..271H", "1997AJ....113.1678B", "1997AJ....114.1313C", "1997ASSL..211....3P", "1997ApJ...489...29L", "1997FCPh...18..273L", "1997RvMA...10...29G", "1997pgh..conf..175K", "1998A&A...332...77H", "1998A&A...334..388W", "1998ApJ...493L..23S", "1998PhPl....5.2773L" ]
2106330
null
Why Quasar Pairs are Binary Quasars and Not Gravitational Lenses
We use simple comparisons of the optical and radio properties of the wide separation (3<SUP>''</SUP>&lt;Δθ&lt;10<SUP>''</SUP>) quasar pairs to demonstrate that they are binary quasars rather than gravitational lenses. The most likely model is that all of the pairs are binary quasars, with a one-sided 2 σ (1 σ) upper limit of 22% (8%) on the lens fraction. Simple models for the expected enhancement of quasar activity during galaxy mergers that are consistent with the enhancement observed at low redshift can explain the incidence, separations, redshifts, velocity differences, and radio properties of the binary quasar population. Only a modest fraction (&lt;~5%) of all quasar activity need be associated with galaxy mergers to explain the binary quasars.
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14.663413
5.916705
1999-01-01
96
1999ApJ...510..590K
[ "binary quasars", "radio properties", "quasar activity", "galaxy mergers", "lt;~5%", "Simple models", "low redshift", "simple comparisons", "velocity differences", "separations" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "COSMOLOGY: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "GALAXIES: QUASARS: GENERAL", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Cosmology: Gravitational Lensing", "Galaxies: Quasars: General" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306594" ]
[ "Kochanek, C. S.", "Falco, E. E.", "Muñoz, J. A." ]
[ "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , ,", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , ,", "Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; , ," ]
[ "1998Ap&SS.263...51M", "1999ASPC..193..397D", "1999ApJ...514L..61B", "1999ApJ...521..134S", "1999ApJ...524..572P", "1999MNRAS.309..836M", "1999astro.ph.10025F", "2000A&A...357...37L", "2000A&A...361..815K", "2000AJ....119.1083M", "2000AJ....119.2535G", "2000AJ....120.1654S", "2000ApJ...531...81C", "2000MNRAS.319..872M", "2000astro.ph.11032P", "2001A&A...372....1Z", "2001AIPC..586..394S", "2001AJ....121..611M", "2001AJ....121.1223W", "2001ASPC..237...25F", "2001ApJ...546...35F", "2001ApJ...546..769M", "2001ApJ...549L.155J", "2001ApJ...550..153K", "2001ApJ...558..109G", "2001MNRAS.320L..40A", "2001MNRAS.328.1001P", "2002AJ....124..662Z", "2002ApJ...571..721G", "2002ApJ...572..705R", "2002ApJ...574..623I", "2002ApJ...580....2O", "2002MNRAS.332..529K", "2002MPLA...17.1685S", "2003A&A...405..415F", "2003A&A...406..565H", "2003AIPC..686..161K", "2003ApJ...582..559V", "2003ApJ...583..616J", "2003JKAS...36...97P", "2004ApJ...600..626S", "2004ApJ...605...78O", "2004MNRAS.348..395M", "2004MNRAS.349.1261G", "2004PhDT.........1O", "2005A&A...429L...9G", "2005ApJ...630..142G", "2005LRR.....8....8M", "2006AJ....131....1H", "2006ARep...50..439T", "2006ARep...50..785T", "2006MmSAI..77..733K", "2007A&A...469..881J", "2007ApJ...658...99M", "2007ApJ...660L..23G", "2007ApJ...662L...1D", "2007MNRAS.382..412O", "2008AJ....135..496I", "2008ApJ...678..635M", "2008ApJ...678L..81K", "2008ApJ...688..180S", "2008MNRAS.390.1117I", "2009ApJ...692..694G", "2009ApJ...693.1554F", "2009ApJ...705L..76W", "2009PhDT........29S", "2010AJ....140..403I", "2010ApJ...710.1578G", "2010ApJ...719.1672H", "2011ApJ...733..103F", "2011ApJ...736..125K", "2011ApJ...743...81G", "2011MNRAS.413.1383D", "2011MNRAS.415.3163F", "2012ApJ...744..151S", "2012ApJ...745...67F", "2012ApJ...745...94L", "2012ApJ...746L..22K", "2012ApJ...750...56Z", "2012NewAR..56...74P", "2013ApJ...762..110L", "2013ApJ...765..139R", "2013ApJ...775...49S", "2013MNRAS.435.2335B", "2014A&A...564A.117G", "2015JKAS...48...83H", "2016MNRAS.456.1595M", "2017AJ....153..219S", "2017MNRAS.468...77E", "2018MNRAS.474.4925S", "2019MNRAS.485.2026B", "2021NatAs...5..569S", "2022A&A...657A.113L", "2023ApJ...943...38S", "2023ApJS..269...61D", "2023Natur.616...45C" ]
[ "1979Natur.279..381W", "1982ApJ...255L...5W", "1983ApJ...269...29F", "1984ApJ...280L...9S", "1984Sci...223...46L", "1987ApJ...319...28Y", "1987ApJ...321..706H", "1987ApJ...321L..17D", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ApJ...330..184C", "1988MNRAS.231P..97N", "1988MNRAS.235..935B", "1989ApJ...338L...1M", "1989ApJ...346L..61H", "1990ARA&A..28..437H", "1990Msngr..59...47M", "1991AJ....102.1258F", "1991ASPC...21..349D", "1992ApJ...390..338L", "1992LNP...406..237B", "1992MNRAS.259..725S", "1993A&A...278L..15W", "1993A&A...280L...7B", "1993ApJ...417..438K", "1993ApJS...87..451H", "1993MNRAS.263..168H", "1993ppc..book.....P", "1994AJ....108..437M", "1994ApJ...423....1C", "1994ApJ...427L...1F", "1995AJ....110..477M", "1995ARA&A..33..581K", "1995ApJ...453..545K", "1995MNRAS.277..609T", "1995Sci...268..274W", "1996A&A...308L..25H", "1996AJ....111..696K", "1996ApJ...461..507T", "1996ApJ...468..469F", "1996ApJ...471..115B", "1996ApJ...473..746H", "1996IAUS..173..419K", "1996MNRAS.281..893C", "1996MNRAS.281L..17P", "1996MNRAS.282...67K", "1997A&A...317L..13B", "1997AJ....113.2000B", "1997AJ....114.2254S", "1997ApJ...475..479W", "1997ApJ...479..642B", "1997ApJ...482..604K", "1997ApJ...486...75M", "1997ApJ...489..476P", "1997MNRAS.291..811H", "1997MNRAS.292L..27W", "1998AJ....115..383H", "1998ApJ...492L...9M" ]
2131175
null
Brown dwarfs: the stars that failed
In recent years, new astronomical instruments have reversed three decades of fruitless searching for brown dwarfs, the failed stars that are too small to burn nuclear fuel. These discoveries have confirmed predictions about the importance of methane and dust in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs. But they also demonstrate that, contrary to expectation, brown dwarfs do not contribute significantly to our Galaxy's dark matter.
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8.355566
12.795359
1999-01-01
14
1999Natur.397...37T
[ "brown dwarfs", "new astronomical instruments", "fruitless searching", "recent years", "nuclear fuel", "methane", "dust", "predictions", "Galaxy", "expectation" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1038/16195" ]
[ "Tinney, C. G." ]
[ "The author is at the Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping NSW 1710, Australia." ]
[ "1999AJ....118..261A", "1999ApJ...526L..25K", "1999PASP..111..657V", "1999PASP..111.1529D", "1999PhyU...42..353G", "2000ApJ...531L..67Z", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2000RPPh...63.1209P", "2001AJ....122..432R", "2001IJMPA..16.2595P", "2001udns.conf....9T", "2002ApJ...575..264T", "2010AIPC.1206....5C", "2018exha.book.....P" ]
[ "1963ApJ...137.1121K", "1986FCPh...11....1S", "1988Natur.336..656B", "1989ApJ...345..939B", "1990ApJS...72..417S", "1992PASP..104.1109A", "1993AJ....105.1045T", "1993ApJ...404L..17M", "1994ApJS...90..467D", "1995ApJ...445..359W", "1995ApJ...445.1017T", "1995MNRAS.273..505H", "1995Natur.377..129R", "1995Natur.378..463N", "1995Sci...270.1478O", "1995bmsb.conf...45T", "1995bmsb.conf...53R", "1996A&A...305L...1T", "1996A&A...308L..29T", "1996AJ....112.1678M", "1996ARA&A..34..419P", "1996ApJ...458..600B", "1996ApJ...459L..91C", "1996ApJ...465L.123A", "1996ApJ...473..294C", "1997A&A...327L..25D", "1997A&A...327L..29M", "1997A&A...328...83C", "1997AJ....113.1345P", "1997AJ....113.2246R", "1997AJ....114.2545Z", "1997ARA&A..35..137A", "1997ASSL..210...15E", "1997ApJ...486..697A", "1997ApJ...490L..95T", "1997ApJ...491L.107R", "1997MNRAS.284..507T", "1997ilsn.proc...25S", "1998A&A...336..490B", "1998A&A...338.1066T", "1998AAS...192.5504K", "1998ARA&A..36...57M", "1998ASPC..134....3A", "1998ASPC..134...11H", "1998ASPC..134..483K", "1998ASPC..134..507M", "1998ApJ...492L..37K", "1998ApJ...492L..41P", "1998ApJ...492L.181S", "1998ApJ...497..354L", "1998ApJ...499L...9A", "1998ApJ...499L.199S", "1998ApJ...502..932O", "1998MNRAS.296L..42T", "1998astro.ph..7055B", "1998bdep.conf....3A", "1998bdep.conf...11H", "1998bdep.conf..483K", "1998bdep.conf..507M" ]
2108008
null
A VLA Search for Head-Tail Radio Sources in Abell Clusters
We present a VLA C-configuration imaging survey of 14 rich Abell clusters. The observations were undertaken with the intent of characterizing the galaxy orbits within the cluster by combining galaxy redshifts with indicators of orbital shape. We present maps of the observed clusters, detailed maps of resolved sources detected in the survey, comparisons with optical images of the clusters, and tables of source parameters for all detected sources with measured flux values.
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13.428097
5.336055
1999-01-01
5
1999ApJS..120..147M
[ "resolved sources", "source parameters", "galaxy redshifts", "sources", "detailed maps", "optical images", "measured flux values", "orbital shape", "14 rich Abell clusters", "maps" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ACTIVE", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE", "Galaxies: Active", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Galaxies: Structure" ]
0
[ "10.1086/313174" ]
[ "Marvel, Kevin B.", "Shukla, Hemant", "Rhee, George" ]
[ "Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125; Visiting Astronomer, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Associated Universities, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.", "Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125", "Physics Department, Box 4002, UNLV, Las Vegas, NV 89195" ]
[ "2004ApJ...614..692Y", "2006AJ....131..100B", "2006MNRAS.368..544F", "2009AJ....137..145R", "2010MNRAS.405..257M" ]
[ "1977A&A....61...99B", "1977AJ.....82....1R", "1980A&A....82..322D", "1980SPIE..231...18S", "1986ApJ...305..651C", "1987MNRAS.224..453C", "1988AJ.....95..284D", "1988ApJ...327....1W", "1990AJ.....99.1381V", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1996A&A...310...31M" ]
11668041
astro-ph/9805283
Clustering of galaxies in a hierarchical universe - I. Methods and results at z=0
We introduce a new technique for following the formation and evolution of galaxies in cosmological N-body simulations. Dissipationless simulations are used to track the formation and merging of dark matter haloes as a function of redshift. Simple prescriptions, taken directly from semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, are adopted for gas cooling, star formation, supernova feedback and the merging of galaxies within the haloes. This scheme enables us to explore the clustering properties of galaxies, and to investigate how selection by luminosity, colour or type influences the results. In this paper we study the properties of the galaxy distribution at z=0. These include B- and K-band luminosity functions, two-point correlation functions, pairwise peculiar velocities, cluster mass-to-light ratios, B-V colours, and star formation rates. We focus on two variants of a cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology: a high-density (Omega =1) model with shape-parameter Gamma =0.21 (tau CDM), and a low-density model with Omega =0.3 and Lambda =0.7 (Lambda CDM). Both models are normalized to reproduce the I-band Tully-Fisher relation of Giovanelli et al. near a circular velocity of 220 km s^-1. Our results depend strongly both on this normalization and on the adopted prescriptions for star formation and feedback. Very different assumptions are required to obtain an acceptable model in the two cases. For tau CDM, efficient feedback is required to suppress the growth of galaxies, particularly in low-mass field haloes. Without it, there are too many galaxies and the correlation function exhibits a strong turnover on scales below 1 Mpc. For Lambda CDM, feedback must be weaker, otherwise too few L_* galaxies are produced and the correlation function is too steep. Although neither model is perfect, both come close to reproducing most of the data. Given the uncertainties in modelling some of the critical physical processes, we conclude that it is not yet possible to draw firm conclusions about the values of cosmological parameters from studies of this kind. Further observational work on global star formation and feedback effects is required to narrow the range of possibilities.
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11.652299
6.247355
1999-02-01
883
1999MNRAS.303..188K
[ "galaxy formation", "star formation", "global star formation", "star formation rates", "galaxies", "semi-analytic models", "Lambda CDM", "feedback effects", "supernova feedback", "tau CDM" ]
[ "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: HALOES", "DARK MATTER", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
15
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02202.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9805283" ]
[ "Kauffmann, Guinevere", "Colberg, Jorg M.", "Diaferio, Antonaldo", "White, Simon D. M." ]
[ "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany", "Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany" ]
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11655585
astro-ph/9806307
Differential Rotation and Turbulence in Extended H I Disks
When present, extended disks of neutral hydrogen around spiral galaxies show a remarkably uniform velocity dispersion of ~6 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. Since stellar winds and supernovae are largely absent in such regions, neither the magnitude nor the constancy of this number can be accounted for in the classical picture in which interstellar turbulence is driven by stellar energy sources. Here we suggest that magnetic fields with strengths of a few microgauss in these extended disks allow energy to be extracted from galactic differential rotation through MHD-driven turbulence. The magnitude and constancy of the observed velocity dispersion may be understood if its value is Alfvénic. Moreover, by providing a simple explanation for a lower bound to the gaseous velocity fluctuations, MHD processes may account for the sharp outer edge to star formation in galaxy disks.
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12.05832
9.050852
1999-02-01
184
1999ApJ...511..660S
[ "galaxy disks", "stellar energy sources", "MHD processes", "spiral galaxies", "galactic differential rotation", "interstellar turbulence", "neutral hydrogen", "stellar winds", "such regions", "MHD" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "HYDRODYNAMICS", "INSTABILITIES", "RADIO LINES: GALAXIES", "TURBULENCE", "Galaxies: ISM", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Hydrodynamics", "Instabilities", "Radio Lines: Galaxies", "Turbulence", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.1086/306728", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9806307" ]
[ "Sellwood, J. A.", "Balbus, Steven A." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019", "Virginia Institute of Theoretical Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-0818" ]
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11654258
astro-ph/9807007
Efficiency of weak lensing surveys to probe cosmological models
We apply a mass reconstruction technique to large-scale structure gravitational distortion maps, simulated for different cosmological scenarii on scales from 2.5 arcmin to 10 degrees. The projected mass is reconstructed using a non-parametric least square method involving the reduced shear on which noise due to intrinsic galaxy ellipticities has been added. The distortion of the galaxies is calculated using the full lens equation, without any hypothesis like the weak lensing approximation, or other linearization. It is shown that the noise in the reconstructed maps is perfectly uncorrelated Poissonian, with no propagation from short to large scales. The measured power spectrum and first four moments of the convergence can be corrected accurately for this source of noise. The cosmic variance of these quantities is then analyzed with respect to the density of the background galaxies using 60 realizations of each model. We show that a moderately deep weak lensing survey (5x 5 degrees with a typical background population of 30 gal/arcmin(2) at a redshift z_s =~ 1) is able to probe the amplitude of the power spectrum with a few percent accuracy for models with sigma_8 \ Omega (0.8) =0.6. Remarkably, we have found that, using the third moment of the local convergence only, such a survey would lead to a 6 sigma separation between open (Omega =0.3) and flat (Omega =1) models. This separation does not require a very deep survey, and it is shown to be robust against different hypothesis for the normalization or the shape of the power spectrum. Finally, the observational strategy for an optimal measurement of the power spectrum and the moments of the convergence is discussed.
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12.329169
3.370855
1999-02-01
120
1999A&A...342...15V
[ "large scales", "intrinsic galaxy ellipticities", "different hypothesis", "different cosmological scenarii", "sigma_8 \\ Omega", "large-scale structure gravitational distortion maps", "scales", "noise", "models", "\\ Omega" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "COSMOLOGY: GRAVITATIONAL LENSING", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9807007" ]
[ "van Waerbeke, L.", "Bernardeau, F.", "Mellier, Y." ]
[ "CITA, 60 St Georges Str., Toronto, M5S 3H8 Ontario, Canada; MPA, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, Postfach 1523, D-85740 Garching bei München, Germany; OMP, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France", "Service de Physique Théorique, C.E. de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France", "Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis, boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France; Observatoire de Paris, DEMIRM, 61, avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France" ]
[ "1998Ap&SS.259..213C", "1998astro.ph.12388G", "1999A&A...345...17B", "1999A&A...348...31C", "1999A&A...351..815R", "1999ARA&A..37..127M", "1999ASIC..541..179B", "1999ApJ...519L...9H", "1999ApJ...525L...1B", "1999ApJ...527....1S", "1999PhRvL..82.2636S", "1999RvMA...12..131F", "1999astro.ph..1287J", "2000A&A...353...10G", "2000A&A...356..771V", "2000A&A...358...30V", "2000ApJ...530..547J", "2000ApJ...530L...1J", "2000ApJ...535L...9C", "2000ApJ...536...79R", "2000ApJ...537....1W", "2000MNRAS.313..524V", "2000MNRAS.318..109M", "2000MNRAS.318..145M", "2000MNRAS.318..321K", "2000MNRAS.318..625B", "2000MNRAS.319..649H", "2000NuPhS..87...13B", "2000cucg.confE..92M", "2000pras.conf..203S", "2001A&A...368..766M", "2001A&A...374..757V", "2001A&A...380....6G", "2001ASPC..237..341J", "2001ApJ...546...47B", "2001ApJ...548....7C", "2001ApJ...554...56C", "2001ApJ...559..552C", "2001ApJS..135....7P", "2001CQGra..18.3059C", "2001MNRAS.322..107M", "2001MNRAS.322..918V", "2001MNRAS.325.1065B", "2001NewAR..45..379B", "2001PhDT........10C", "2001PhLB..500....8A", "2001PhR...340..291B", "2001PhRvD..63d3501B", "2001PhRvD..64h3501B", "2001astro.ph.11091M", "2001cpgl.conf..165V", "2001cpgl.conf..191T", "2001defi.conf..252M", "2001misk.conf..540M", "2002A&A...384..743A", "2002A&A...385..743H", "2002A&A...386..784M", "2002A&A...387..788G", "2002A&A...389..729S", "2002A&A...389L..28B", "2002A&A...393..369V", "2002A&A...396....1S", "2002A&A...396..411K", "2002ApJ...564....8M", "2002CQGra..19.3505M", "2002MNRAS.329..797M", "2002MNRAS.330..365H", "2002MNRAS.334..637M", "2002MNRAS.335...33G", "2002MNRAS.337..875T", "2002NewAR..46..767H", "2002PhR...367....1B", "2002PhR...372....1C", "2002SSRv..100...73M", "2002astro.ph..2465C", "2002astro.ph..7293D", "2002maun.conf...73M", "2003A&A...397..405B", "2003A&A...397..809S", "2003A&A...408..829S", "2003ARA&A..41..645R", "2003ApJ...584..559Z", "2003ApJ...585L..81D", "2003ApJ...594...33F", "2003MNRAS.338..846M", "2003acfp.conf...25M", "2003astro.ph..6465S", "2004MNRAS.347..654V", "2004MNRAS.347..667B", "2004MNRAS.350...77M", "2004PhRvD..70l3515B", "2005A&A...431....9S", "2005A&A...432..783S", "2005A&A...442...69K", "2005IAUS..225...81K", "2005MNRAS.356..386V", "2005MNRAS.356..439M", "2005MNRAS.360.1401M", "2005astro.ph..9252S", "2006ApJ...645....1D", "2008PhR...462...67M", "2009ApJ...691..547W", "2010A&A...523A..60S", "2010APh....32..340V", "2010CQGra..27w3001B", "2010MNRAS.401..705P", "2011MNRAS.410..143S", "2012ApJ...750...37J", "2013MNRAS.433.3373V", "2014MNRAS.441.2725F", "2014RAA....14.1061F", "2015MNRAS.449.1505S", "2015PhR...558....1T", "2016MNRAS.455.4452A", "2016MNRAS.459.1586Z", "2018ASPC..517..803B", "2020PhRvD.102l3545T", "2021MNRAS.502.3035P", "2021MNRAS.505.2594G", "2023A&A...679A..61L" ]
[ "1967ApJ...150..737G", "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1990ApJ...365...22J", "1991ApJ...382..377M", "1991MNRAS.251..600B", "1992ApJ...388..272K", "1992ApJ...394L...5B", "1994ApJ...426...23F", "1994ApJ...436..517M", "1994MNRAS.269..947B", "1995A&A...294..411S", "1995A&A...296..575B", "1995A&A...299....1S", "1995A&A...301..309B", "1995A&A...303..331B", "1995ApJ...439L...1K", "1995ApJ...442...39J", "1995ApJ...443..479B", "1995ApJ...449..460K", "1996ApJ...464L.115B", "1996ApJ...470..131S", "1996ApJ...473...65S", "1996MNRAS.281..369V", "1996MNRAS.282..263E", "1997A&A...317....1O", "1997A&A...317..303V", "1997A&A...322....1B", "1997ApJ...475...20L", "1997MNRAS.287..241C", "1997PhRvL..78.2058K", "1998A&A...337..325S", "1998A&A...338..375B", "1998ApJ...498...26K", "1998ApJ...506...64S", "1998MNRAS.294..291M", "1998MNRAS.296..253C", "1998MNRAS.297..355S", "1998NewA....3...75W", "1998SPIE.3355..614B", "1998astro.ph..4238J", "1999MNRAS.303..433M" ]
2130417
null
Why are supernovae in our Galaxy so frequent?
We show that if the observed surface density function of supernovae in external spiral galaxies is used to calibrate the historical data on the supernova rate in the solar neighbourhood, then the calculated total supernova rate for the Galaxy is abnormally high. This can be explained if Galactic supernovae are not uniformly distributed over the Galactic disc, but tend to be localized near spiral arms and star-forming regions. Such a distribution would be consistent with evidence for an association of Type Ib/c and Type II supernovae with H ii regions in late-type galaxies. It seems that we occupy a privileged position in the Milky Way - one which gives us the impression of a considerably higher supernova rate than is valid for the Galaxy as a whole.
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2.50529
4.900653
1999-02-01
64
1999MNRAS.302..693D
[ "Galactic supernovae", "external spiral galaxies", "H ii regions", "spiral arms", "supernovae", "the calculated total supernova rate", "Type Ib/c and Type II supernovae", "Galaxy", "Galactic", "the observed surface density function" ]
[ "None" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02145.x" ]
[ "Dragicevich, P. M.", "Blair, D. G.", "Burman, R. R." ]
[ "Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia", "Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia", "Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia" ]
[ "2001A&A...370..623F", "2001APh....16...75S", "2001ApJ...557..681C", "2001ApJ...558...63P", "2001ICRC....5.1942S", "2001ICRC....5.1964S", "2001PhRvD..63g3011B", "2002A&A...385..216B", "2002A&A...395..803A", "2002ApJ...575L...5P", "2002JPhG...28.1275G", "2002PhRvL..89e1102S", "2002astro.ph.12111M", "2003A&A...400..153A", "2003ICRC....5.2639S", "2003JPhG...29.2543B", "2003NewA....8...39S", "2003PASA...20..223J", "2004A&A...419..181C", "2004ASSL..319..119B", "2004Ap&SS.289..283S", "2004ApJ...611...12B", "2005ApJ...625..271M", "2005JASTP..67.1544T", "2005OLEB...35..555G", "2006ApJ...643..332F", "2006ApJ...644..174F", "2006MNRAS.366..899N", "2006PASP..118..833C", "2006PhRvC..73c5807B", "2007APh....27..411S", "2008AdSpR..42..504B", "2008ICRC....2..263B", "2009ApJ...694..257I", "2009ApJ...705L.163G", "2009IAUS..257..465M", "2009arXiv0905.3071D", "2010ApJ...709L.152A", "2012ApJ...750....7H", "2012EAS....56...61D", "2013ApJ...777..149V", "2013ApJS..204....4P", "2013JASS...30..127H", "2014SerAJ.189...25P", "2015ApJ...810...27M", "2015arXiv150802064M", "2016ApJ...824...16J", "2017arXiv170808248S", "2017hsn..book.2419K", "2018MNRAS.481..666O", "2018PhRvD..97l3011C", "2018PhRvD..98f3008C", "2019MNRAS.484.1645O", "2019PhRvD..99b4024M", "2020JHEAp..25...23A", "2020MNRAS.493.2706C", "2020PDU....2800484D", "2021MNRAS.507..927M", "2021PhRvD.104l3029E", "2022PhRvD.105b3015C", "2022arXiv221015569A", "2023ApJ...950..120C", "2023PhRvD.107h3024A", "2024PhRvD.109l3033L" ]
[ "1926ApJ....64..321H", "1974ASSL...45..195M", "1975PASJ...27..411I", "1981Obs...101..203C", "1982ASIC...90..371T", "1983ApJ...268..129V", "1985MNRAS.213..613L", "1988ComAp..12..131V", "1989ApJ...343..713R", "1989MNRAS.239..885M", "1990ASIC..300..253S", "1991ARA&A..29..363V", "1991supe.conf..711V", "1992A&A...264..428B", "1992AJ....103.1788V", "1992ApJ...384L...9M", "1993A&A...273..383C", "1993ARA&A..31..345R", "1993ComAp..17..125V", "1994A&A...288....1S", "1994A&A...288L...1S", "1994ApJ...425..205V", "1994ApJS...92..487T", "1994PASA...11....7E", "1994supe.conf....1T", "1997A&A...322..431C", "1997PASA...14..204E", "1997PASA...14..208W" ]
2130466
null
Large-scale HI structure of the Circinus galaxy
HI observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) are used to study the neutral gas distribution and kinematics of the Circinus galaxy. One of the most outstanding features of Circinus is its enormous size (at least 80 arcmin or nearly 100 kpc, assuming a distance of 4 Mpc) revealing a beautiful large-scale spiral pattern. The fit of a tilted-ring model to the velocity field reveals a strong kinematic warp of the outer spiral arms. The inner region (radius 250 arcsec or 5 kpc) contains a highly elongated structure with non-circular motions, suggesting that Circinus is a barred spiral galaxy. At the centre of Circinus there is a 50-arcsec or 1-kpc-radius HI ring or disc rotating with a speed of at least 200 km s<SUB>-1</SUB>.
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14.077345
8.288141
1999-02-01
43
1999MNRAS.302..649J
[ "Circinus", "non-circular motions", "HI observations", "disc", "the Australia Telescope Compact Array", "ATCA", "a barred spiral galaxy", "the Circinus galaxy", "the outer spiral arms", "kinematics" ]
[ "None" ]
1
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02057.x" ]
[ "Jones, K. L.", "Koribalski, B. S.", "Elmouttie, M.", "Haynes, R. F." ]
[ "Department of Physics, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping 2121, Australia", "Department of Physics, The University of Queensland, 4072, Australia", "Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping 2121, Australia" ]
[ "1999A&A...344..767C", "2000ASPC..218..333M", "2000MNRAS.312..247B", "2000MNRAS.315..248G", "2000evn..conf..101G", "2001A&A...367..457C", "2001A&A...371..890O", "2001A&A...376..402C", "2001IAUS..205..334G", "2004AJ....128...16K", "2004IAUS..217...34K", "2005A&A...432..475D", "2005ARep...49..362Z", "2006A&A...455..153M", "2006MNRAS.373.1074S", "2008A&A...483...79R", "2008AJ....136.1866K", "2008MNRAS.389...63C", "2009MNRAS.394.2043C", "2009MNRAS.400.1749K", "2010ApJ...723...54K", "2010ApJ...725.1550C", "2011ARep...55..595Z", "2011MNRAS.416..832W", "2012ApJ...758...95M", "2012MNRAS.420.2924K", "2012MNRAS.425.1934F", "2013ARep...57..797Z", "2013ApJ...778...47S", "2013MNRAS.431.2453M", "2014A&A...568A.122Z", "2014MNRAS.440..405M", "2015IAUS..309...39K", "2017MNRAS.471.2187D", "2018ApJ...867...48I", "2018MNRAS.478.1611K", "2021MNRAS.507.4274M", "2022ApJ...936...92L", "2023A&A...670A..18O", "2023ApJ...944..143W", "2023ApJ...948..134P", "2023ApJ...951...31L", "2023ApJ...952....4B" ]
[ "1962AJ.....67..437R", "1974A&AS...15..417H", "1976PASA....3...72M", "1977A&A....55..445F", "1979A&A....74..138H", "1980A&A....88..149V", "1980A&A....89..377C", "1980ApJ...238..510B", "1980ApJ...238L...7M", "1981A&A...100...72H", "1981AJ.....86.1825B", "1982A&A...109..331H", "1982MNRAS.199..425H", "1982MNRAS.201P..13G", "1984AJ.....89..758H", "1984ApJ...277...92M", "1985PASA....6..171W", "1986MNRAS.222..513W", "1987MNRAS.227..887H", "1988ApJ...326..574D", "1988gera.book..522G", "1989A&A...223...47B", "1989A&ARv...1..261C", "1989spce.book.....L", "1990A&A...239...78M", "1990ApJ...352...15B", "1990MNRAS.244..130H", "1991dodg.conf..249J", "1992A&A...265..487I", "1992ApJ...391..111G", "1992MNRAS.259..328A", "1993ApJ...414..487C", "1993ApJS...89...57Y", "1994A&A...285...79P", "1994A&A...288..457O", "1994A&AS..107..129B", "1994Msngr..78...20M", "1995ApJ...440..619G", "1995MNRAS.275L..53E", "1995PASJ...47..771N", "1995PhDT........57O", "1996A&A...313...65L", "1996ASPC..106..238K", "1996ApJ...473..269B", "1996MNRAS.281L..69M", "1996PASA...13..243S", "1997AJ....113.1591W", "1997ApJ...474L.103G", "1997ApJ...486..750Y", "1998A&A...338..863C", "1998MNRAS.293..189D", "1998MNRAS.297...49E" ]
2105564
null
Star-forming Complexes in a Sample of Spiral and Irregular Galaxies
Over 300 star-forming complexes in 11 intermediate- and late-type spiral and irregular galaxies have been observed in the B, I, and Hα bands to determine their luminosity functions, ages, sizes, and masses. The total Hα luminosity from complexes compared with the total galaxy Hα luminosity ranges from 20% to 70%, but the percentage is nearly constant at 7% in the B band for most galaxies. A comparison of the colors and luminosities of the complexes with published cluster evolutionary models suggests that the complexes range in age from a few times 10^6 yr to nearly 10^9 yr; the majority have ages of less than 1 to 2x10^7 yr. The complex masses range from 10^4 to 10^7 M_solar. The luminosity functions for the complexes follow a power law with an exponent of approximately -2 late-type galaxies have slightly shallower slopes than intermediate-type galaxies. The sizes of the largest complexes in each galaxy scale approximately with the square root of the galaxy luminosity, confirming previous studies. The complexes may have a fractal size distribution that is consistent with values predicted by theoretical turbulence models of the interstellar medium.
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10.582424
8.321651
1999-02-01
55
1999AJ....117..764E
[ "Hα luminosity", "complexes", "most galaxies", "luminosities", "theoretical turbulence models", "published cluster evolutionary models", "age", "ages", "the galaxy luminosity", "Hα" ]
[ "GALAXIES: IRREGULAR", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "ISM: H II REGIONS" ]
2
[ "10.1086/300739" ]
[ "Elmegreen, Debra Meloy", "Salzer, John J." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604", "Department of Astronomy, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459-0123" ]
[ "1999AJ....118..777E", "2000A&A...357..437B", "2000A&A...361..913P", "2000AJ....119.2757V", "2000AJ....120.1289B", "2000ApJ...534..703S", "2000PASJ...52L..47I", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2000RvMA...13..129K", "2000astro.ph..4203B", "2000astro.ph..5372P", "2001AJ....121..182E", "2001AJ....121.1507E", "2001ASPC..249..492E", "2001astro.ph..7100V", "2002A&A...384...24V", "2002AJ....123.1381E", "2002AJ....123.1411B", "2002AJ....123.1922D", "2002ApJ...577..206E", "2003A&A...398..501P", "2003A&A...400..841P", "2003ApJ...590..271E", "2003MNRAS.343.1285D", "2003PhyU...46....1E", "2004A&A...425..849P", "2004AJ....127.1982B", "2004ASPC..323..117E", "2005MNRAS.356...12S", "2006ApJ...642..158E", "2007A&A...469..925S", "2007ApJ...663..734E", "2007ApJS..172..468Z", "2007MNRAS.378..163H", "2007MNRAS.379.1302B", "2007MNRAS.381..511R", "2009MNRAS.392..868B", "2009PhDT.......254H", "2010AJ....139..545G", "2010ApJ...723..197K", "2010MNRAS.403..996B", "2011ApJ...735...75L", "2013ApJ...774..125K", "2016MNRAS.462.3766C", "2016MNRAS.463.2092Y", "2018MNRAS.481.1212R", "2019A&A...626A..35R", "2020A&A...644A.101R", "2021MNRAS.505.3998S", "2021MNRAS.507.5542M", "2022A&A...658A.188S", "2022MNRAS.517..675D", "2022NewA...9301739B", "2023A&A...672A.148C", "2024MNRAS.530.2199A" ]
[ "1953PNAS...39..358M", "1970AJ.....75..171L", "1970AJ.....75..933H", "1973AJ.....78..807H", "1975PASP...87...37E", "1977fgn..book.....M", "1980AJ.....85....1W", "1980ApJ...241..573K", "1980ApJS...44..319H", "1981AJ.....86.1464V", "1982fgn..book.....M", "1983AJ.....88.1323H", "1984A&A...139..104F", "1985A&A...149L..24M", "1985AJ.....90.1163A", "1986ApJ...310..189H", "1986ApJ...311..554E", "1986PASP...98..104H", "1987Ap&SS.135..119E", "1987Ap&SS.136..113I", "1987ApJ...312..626E", "1987ApJ...320..182E", "1987IAUS..115..457E", "1988ApJ...328..315M", "1988IAUS..126..311L", "1988ang..book.....T", "1988ngc..book.....T", "1989ApJ...337..761K", "1989ApJ...339..919S", "1989PASP..101..649S", "1989PAZh...15..777K", "1989SvAL...15..335K", "1990PAZh...16..993K", "1990SvAL...16..426K", "1991Ap&SS.178..227I", "1991PASP..103..609V", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...386L..47A", "1992ApJ...391..617H", "1992ApJ...399..576A", "1992sfss.conf..253M", "1993prpl.conf..125B", "1994A&AS..106..275B", "1994AJ....107.2036G", "1994ApJ...425...57E", "1994ApJ...433...39E", "1994ApJ...437..239G", "1994ApJS...95..107W", "1994VA.....38..165E", "1995A&A...298...87G", "1995AJ....109.2503M", "1995AJ....110..212A", "1995AJ....110.2757E", "1995ApJ...448...98H", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1996ApJ...466..802E", "1996ApJ...467..579E", "1996ApJ...469..131E", "1996ApJ...471..816E", "1997AJ....114.1850E", "1997ApJ...476..144M", "1997ApJ...483..705G", "1997ApJS..108..155G", "1997ApJS..108..199G", "1998AJ....115.1543O" ]
2105530
null
The Structure and Dynamics of the Early-Type Resonance Ring Galaxy IC 4214. I. Observations
The southern galaxy IC 4214 is a bright, nearby example of a multiple ring early-type spiral galaxy with a weak bar. The galaxy shows three strong pseudoring features, including a nuclear ring, an inner ring, and a prominent R^'_1 outer ring, each with distinctive characteristics. The galaxy is important because it is a classic resonance ring galaxy where the ring features can be linked to specific orbital resonances with the bar. We present in this paper a detailed UBVIH study of its photometric structure and a Fabry-Perot study of its kinematics to set the stage for a dynamical model in a separate paper. Despite the early Hubble type, ionized gas is well distributed in the inner disk regions, providing a well-sampled velocity field. Rapid rotation is found in the vicinity of the nuclear ring, where the rotation curve reaches a maximum, and the rotation velocities drop off somewhat with increasing radius in the outer regions. Noncircular motions are clearly seen in the observed velocity field. Analysis of both the velocity field and the shapes of isophotes give discrepant values for the inclination of the system, ranging from 47 deg to 50 deg from photometry to 55 deg to 58 deg from kinematics. A likely value of the inclination could be 52 deg if the inner and outer rings are intrinsically elongated and aligned perpendicular to each other.
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11.025638
7.770203
1999-02-01
27
1999AJ....117..778B
[ "specific orbital resonances", "a prominent R^_1 outer ring", "discrepant values", "Rapid rotation", "a multiple ring early-type spiral galaxy", "an inner ring", "a classic resonance ring", "ionized gas", "the ring features", "a nuclear ring" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: IC 4214", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: PHOTOMETRY", "GALAXIES: STRUCTURE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300725" ]
[ "Buta, R.", "Purcell, Guy B.", "Cobb, Melinda Lewis", "Crocker, D. A.", "Rautiainen, P.", "Salo, H." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[ "1999AJ....117..792S", "1999Ap&SS.269...79B", "2000A&A...362..465R", "2000A&AS..141..103L", "2000AJ....120.1289B", "2000ASPC..209..330R", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2001ARA&A..39..137S", "2002ApJS..143..113W", "2002MNRAS.337.1118L", "2003MNRAS.346.1031P", "2004AJ....128..183B", "2004ApJ...605..714D", "2004MNRAS.349..933R", "2008ApJ...679..967L", "2011IAUS..271..102W", "2012ApJ...745..105W", "2012ApJS..199...26H", "2013ASPC..477..101W", "2015A&A...582A..86H", "2016ApJ...822...64L", "2017MNRAS.470.3819B", "2017PASJ...69R...1S", "2018ApJ...864...72C", "2022ApJ...926...58L", "2022MNRAS.514.3510F", "2024MNRAS.528..620M" ]
[ "1926ApJ....64..321H", "1963ApJS....8...31D", "1973MNRAS.163..163W", "1980ApJ...237..404S", "1980ApJ...237..655A", "1981ApJ...247...77S", "1982AJ.....87.1029E", "1982ApJ...258...64A", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1982euse.book.....L", "1983A&A...118....4B", "1985AJ.....90.1038V", "1985MAUTx...4....1C", "1985sgcc.book.....C", "1986AJ.....91.1301K", "1987ApJS...64....1B", "1987MNRAS.226..747J", "1989A&A...223...47B", "1989Natur.338...45S", "1990ApJ...349....1F", "1991AJ....102.1715B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992AJ....103.1804B", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992MNRAS.259..345A", "1993AJ....105...97S", "1993AJ....105.1344B", "1993RPPh...56..173S", "1994AJ....108..476B", "1994ApJ...424..599M", "1995ApJS...96...39B", "1995FCPh...15..341M", "1996ApJS..105..353C", "1996FCPh...17...95B", "1997AJ....113.1607S", "1998AJ....115..484B", "1998AJ....116.1142B", "1999AJ....117..792S" ]
2130944
null
A dynamo model for the magnetic field of the weakly barred galaxy IC 4214
IC 4214 is a weakly barred galaxy, the observed velocity field of which has been well modelled by a dynamical simulation. We take the velocity field from this simulation as being representative of that to be found in a class of barred spiral galaxies, and use it as input into a galactic dynamo model. The strong non-circular velocities are found to play an important role in determining the morphology of the magnetic field. The most conspicuous features are marked magnetic `arms', steady in the frame corotating with the bar, and trailing from near the ends of the bar. They are generated by a mechanism associated with the corotation resonance. Near the centre of the galaxy, the magnetic field is approximately axisymmetric. The computed magnetic field structure has features similar to those of the fields observed in barred galaxies.
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12.773871
9.592525
1999-02-01
13
1999MNRAS.303..125M
[ "barred spiral galaxies", "barred galaxies", "The computed magnetic field structure", "the observed velocity field", "the magnetic field", "the velocity field", "The strong non-circular velocities", "a weakly barred galaxy", "input", "magnetic `arms" ]
[ "MAGNETIC FIELDS", "MHD", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: IC 4214", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXIES: MAGNETIC FIELDS", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL" ]
0
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02191.x" ]
[ "Moss, D.", "Rautiainen, P.", "Salo, H." ]
[ "Mathematics Department, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL", "Department of Physical Sciences, Astronomy Division, PL 333, University of Oulu, FIN 90571 Oulu, Finland", "Department of Physical Sciences, Astronomy Division, PL 333, University of Oulu, FIN 90571 Oulu, Finland" ]
[ "1999A&A...347..860R", "2000A&A...357..129E", "2000A&A...358..125F", "2000A&A...358.1142M", "2000MNRAS.319..377S", "2001A&A...380...55M", "2002A&A...384...48O", "2007A&A...465..157M", "2009A&A...498L..21K", "2010A&A...522A..61K", "2012A&G....53e..23M", "2012ApJ...751..124K", "2019AJ....158...60S" ]
[ "1972SvPhU..15..159V", "1975AN....296...49R", "1981ApJ...247...77S", "1984ApJ...277..744R", "1985A&A...150..327C", "1987A&A...178...95R", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ApJ...324..721H", "1991A&A...243..118S", "1992ApJ...401..137P", "1993A&A...269..581R", "1993A&A...274..148G", "1993MNRAS.265..649S", "1994A&A...284..731C", "1994AJ....108..476B", "1995A&A...301...41O", "1995ApJS...96...39B", "1995MNRAS.275..191M", "1996A&A...313...65L", "1996A&A...315...63M", "1996ARA&A..34..155B", "1996ASPC...91..286C", "1997A&A...323...56O", "1998A&A...329..895M", "1998A&A...335..500M", "1998MNRAS.297..860M" ]
2106414
null
Super-Large-Scale Structure and Large-Scale Bias
We examine the influence of large-scale perturbations of gravitational potential on the spatial distribution of galaxies and dark matter (DM). For appropriate parameters of the power spectrum, the cosmological model, and the mass of dark matter particles, such perturbations can produce the wall-like super-large-scale structure. Dynamics and parameters of the walls found in observations and simulations are related to the moments of the power spectrum. The wall-like elements are identified with the Zeldovich pancakes (caustics) that form as a result of galaxy infall into the largest and deepest gravitational potential wells. Their properties are sensitive to the power spectrum and the background cosmological model, and they can be used to test and discriminate between different models. When reheating of the baryonic component at redshifts z=z<SUB>h</SUB> and 5&lt;=z<SUB>h</SUB>&lt;=10 is allowed, the same perturbations produce significant large-scale modulation of the spatial galaxy distribution relative to the more homogeneous DM distribution (large-scale bias).
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11.618739
1.174155
1999-02-01
16
1999ApJ...512..527D
[ "galaxy infall", "such perturbations", "dark matter particles", "dark matter", "different models", "galaxies", "large-scale perturbations", "gravitational potential", "significant large-scale modulation", "z" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Cosmology: Theory", "Galaxies: Clusters: General", "Cosmology: Large-Scale Structure of Universe" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306779" ]
[ "Demiański, M.", "Doroshkevich, A. G." ]
[ "Department of Astronomy, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267", "Theoretical Astrophysics Center, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark" ]
[ "1999MNRAS.306..575D", "1999MNRAS.306..779D", "2000AJ....119.2571V", "2000MNRAS.315..767D", "2000MNRAS.318..665D", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2001IJMPD..10..913P", "2001MNRAS.322..369D", "2002ApJ...578..708W", "2004A&A...421..157H", "2014MNRAS.439..179D", "2014MNRAS.440..119L", "2014arXiv1404.3362D", "2015arXiv151107989D", "2017A&AT...30..185D", "2020arXiv200904256D" ]
[ "1970A&A.....5...84Z", "1972A&A....20..189S", "1978ApJ...222..784G", "1978MNRAS.183..341W", "1978SvA....22..653D", "1983AJ.....88.1285K", "1983reas.book.....Z", "1984A&A...139..211O", "1986ApJ...303...39D", "1986ApJ...304...15B", "1987ApJ...313L..37D", "1987Natur.326..455D", "1988ApJ...332...44D", "1988Natur.334..129K", "1989MNRAS.238..293L", "1989RvMP...61..185S", "1989SvA....33..229D", "1990ApJ...365...13E", "1990Natur.343..726B", "1991AJ....101.2004S", "1991MNRAS.253P..31B", "1992ApJ...388..234B", "1992ApJ...393..437K", "1992ApJ...393..464B", "1992ApJ...396L..23W", "1992IJMPD...1..303D", "1992MNRAS.256P..43E", "1993ApJ...405..403B", "1993ApJ...410..469M", "1993ApJ...419..524M", "1993MNRAS.260..765C", "1993MNRAS.261L...8W", "1993MNRAS.262.1065C", "1993MNRAS.265..681P", "1993PhLB..318..360B", "1994ApJ...427...25S", "1994ApJ...431...20S", "1994ApJ...431..486B", "1994ApJ...437..560W", "1995ApJ...451...24S", "1995ApJ...455L.103B", "1995MNRAS.277.1225S", "1995PhR...262....1S", "1995qal..conf..347S", "1996ApJ...456...65M", "1996ApJ...458....1C", "1996ApJ...462L...9C", "1996ApJ...469..445D", "1996ApJ...470..172S", "1996ApJS..103....1B", "1996MNRAS.278L..49Q", "1996MNRAS.281..703E", "1996MNRAS.283.1281D", "1996Natur.380..603B", "1997ApJ...474....1T", "1997ApJ...480....6B", "1997MNRAS.284..633D", "1997MNRAS.289...37C", "1998A&A...329....1M", "1998A&A...329...14D", "1998ApJ...493L...1B", "1998ApJS..114....1G", "1998astro.ph..3221L", "1998tsra.conf..560D" ]
2106392
null
Change in Mass and Energy of Galaxies through Mutual Encounters
We present the result of a systematic study of the evolution of galaxies through their encounters. We performed a series of numerical experiments of encounters of two galaxies and determined how the change of mass and binding energy depends on galaxy models and collision parameters. Using both numerical experiments and analytic theory, we found that the relation between the relative change of energy δ<SUB>E</SUB> and that of mass δ<SUB>M</SUB> of one galaxy per unit time is expressed as δ<SUB>E</SUB>~=1.5δ<SUB>M</SUB> if the evolution is solely due to encounters. <P />This result suggests that when galaxies in a cluster evolve mainly through frequent encounters with each other, a relation σ<SUP>4</SUP>~M develops between the mass M and the velocity dispersion σ of the galaxies. If we assume that M/L is constant, this relation is equivalent to the Faber-Jackson relation, σ<SUP>4</SUP>~L, which is observed for elliptical galaxies in a cluster of galaxies.This agreement with observations suggests that the encounters of galaxies play an important role in the evolution of galaxies in clusters.
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11.173278
6.248572
1999-02-01
10
1999ApJ...511..625F
[ "elliptical galaxies", "galaxy models", "galaxies", "frequent encounters", "encounters", "numerical experiments", "analytic theory", "unit time", "clusters", "mass δ<SUB" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "METHODS: NUMERICAL", "Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular", "cD", "Galaxies: Evolution", "Galaxies: Interactions", "Galaxies: Kinematics and Dynamics", "Methods: Numerical" ]
0
[ "10.1086/306688" ]
[ "Funato, Yoko", "Makino, Junichiro" ]
[ "General Systems Sciences, Graduate Division of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Tokyo; ,", "General Systems Sciences, Graduate Division of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Tokyo; ," ]
[ "1999PASJ...51..943S", "2001ASPC..222..161F", "2001ASPC..228..437F", "2002A&A...383..791N", "2002PASJ...54....5T", "2003IAUS..208..199F", "2003IAUS..208..449T", "2004ApJ...600..640L", "2011MNRAS.413.1333W", "2015ApJ...799..145S" ]
[ "1911MNRAS..71..460P", "1948AnAp...11..247D", "1971ApJ...166..483S", "1975ApJ...200..535R", "1976ApJ...204..668F", "1980ApJ...241..946D", "1982MNRAS.201....1B", "1983ApJ...264...24M", "1983ApJ...271...11F", "1984ApJ...276...26M", "1985ApJ...295..374A", "1985MNRAS.215..517B", "1986LNP...267..233H", "1986ussd.conf..233H", "1987IAUS..127..511J", "1987degc.book.....S", "1988ApJ...331..699B", "1990ApJ...356..359H", "1990PASJ...42..205M", "1991PASJ...43..781O", "1992ARA&A..30..705B", "1992ApJ...393..484B", "1992ApJ...400..460H", "1992PASJ...44..613F", "1993ApJ...409..548H", "1993ApJ...416..415H", "1993PASJ...45..289F", "1994ApJ...426..513B", "1995ASPC...86...53P", "1995fveg.conf...53P", "1996ApJ...460..101W", "1996ApJ...465..527M", "1996IAUS..174..141T", "1996Natur.379..613M", "1996NewA....1..255Q", "1997AJ....113..937M", "1997ApJ...480..432M", "1997ApJ...481...83M", "1997MNRAS.286..825A" ]
11654502
astro-ph/9811464
Morphology of the Virgo cluster: Gas versus galaxies
{ We draw a quantitative comparison of the distribution of the galaxies and the intra-cluster gas in the Virgo cluster by extending the morphological analysis by Binggeli et al. (1987) to the intra-cluster gas. We use the Virgo Cluster Catalog in combination with data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. The galaxy distribution and the gas distribution are relatively similar. The steep density gradient southwest of M87 previously observed in the optical is also seen in the X-ray emission. In both wavebands the irregular structure of Virgo can be decomposed into three major subclusters centred on M87, M49, and M86. A new statistical method of subcluster decomposition is applied. Radial galaxy and X-ray density profiles of the three subclusters are fitted with beta -models, allowing analytic deprojection. Comparison of these profiles reveals no significant difference between the galaxy number density and the smoothed galaxy luminosity density if the inner part is excluded (r &lt; 60\arcmin, dominated by the central giant galaxy), i.e. there is no general luminosity segregation in the cluster. The gas density profile is steeper than the galaxy density profile in the inner part (again excluding the central galaxy), while this trend is reversed in the outer part. The turning point is around 300 kpc. A comparison among the subclusters shows the poorer the subcluster the steeper its radial profile, i.e. the more compact it is, both in the optical and the X-rays. This is in general agreement with recent N-body simulations by Navarro et al. (1997). The subcluster profiles for different Hubble types confirm the well-known result that the distribution of the late-type galaxies is more extended than the early types. Differential and integrated mass density profiles of the different components in the M87 and M49 subclusters are presented. The total, gravitating mass (dominated by dark matter) is inferred from the distribution of the X-ray gas assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. In the M87 subcluster the gas mass is about three times the mass in galaxies (assuming a constant M/L = 20 for the single galaxies), while it accounts only for 8% to 14% of the total mass at 0.4 and 1 Mpc, respectively. In the M49 subcluster there is more mass in the galaxies than in the gas and the gas-to-total mass fraction is only 1%, which is unusually low for a cluster. The profiles of the projected mass-to-light ratio show relatively constant values around 500{cal M}_sun/{cal L}_{sun,B}.}
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10.129876
7.780659
1999-03-01
156
1999A&A...343..420S
[ "galaxies", "Radial galaxy and X-ray density profiles", "subcluster decomposition", "more mass", "the galaxy density profile", "the smoothed galaxy luminosity density", "The gas density profile", "different Hubble types", "the galaxy number density", "the X-ray gas" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: VIRGO CLUSTER", "GALAXIES: INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
4
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9811464" ]
[ "Schindler, S.", "Binggeli, B.", "Böhringer, H." ]
[ "Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead L41 1LD, UK; Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, D-85478 Garching bei München, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, D-85478 Garching bei München, Germany", "Astronomisches Institut der Universität Basel, Venusstrasse 7, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland", "Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, D-85478 Garching bei München, Germany" ]
[ "1999AJ....118.1526G", "1999AN....320..195Y", "2000A&A...354..480P", "2000A&A...364..532V", "2000A&AS..144...53K", "2000ASPC..221..265V", "2000ApJ...530L..17L", "2000ApJ...531L..95K", "2000ApJ...539..603F", "2000ApJ...543L..27W", "2000MNRAS.311..493A", "2000NuPhS..80C1311T", "2001A&A...366..451A", "2001A&A...375..770F", "2001ApJ...548...97S", "2001ApJ...549..228S", "2001ApJ...559..791C", "2001ApJ...561..550A", "2001ApJ...561..708V", "2001ApJS..135..125K", "2001ApSSS.277..393B", "2001MNRAS.325..509T", "2001MNRAS.325..693H", "2001astro.ph..6207S", "2001cghr.confE..33F", "2002A&A...387L..10F", "2002AJ....124.2440S", "2002ApJ...570..119D", "2002IAUS..207..336R", "2002PASJ...54..883O", "2002astro.ph..6238S", "2002luml.conf...51F", "2003A&A...397..503S", "2003A&A...406..427V", "2003AJ....125.2975L", "2003ASPC..301..293B", "2003ApJ...591..850C", "2003MNRAS.343..679B", "2003MNRAS.345.1127T", "2003PhRvD..67b3506S", "2004A&A...413..817I", "2004A&A...414..445M", "2004A&A...423...57V", "2004AJ....127.3361K", "2004ApJ...600..695R", "2004ApJ...602..664G", "2004ApJ...610..183M", "2004ApJ...615..196F", "2004ApJS..153..223C", "2004IAUS..217..370K", "2004IAUS..220..165R", "2005A&A...439..921V", "2005A&A...441..473V", "2005AJ....130...65C", "2005ASPC..331..281C", "2005ApJ...619..714T", "2005ApJ...621..663M", "2005MNRAS.357..819S", "2005astro.ph..7252V", "2006A&A...458..727S", "2006ApJ...644..155M", "2006ApJ...646..899H", "2006ApJ...648..947M", "2006ApJ...649L..75C", "2006ApJ...653..207D", "2006MNRAS.371..609R", "2006PASP..118..517B", "2006PhRvD..74j3506B", "2007A&A...472....5J", "2007A&A...474..415C", "2007ApJ...655..144M", "2007ApJ...659L.115C", "2007ApJ...665L..15K", "2007MNRAS.380.1009H", "2007arXiv0704.1400L", "2007arXiv0707.0109K", "2008A&A...483...89V", "2008ApJ...679..149M", "2008ApJ...682L..85K", "2008ApJ...687L..69K", "2008ApJ...688..208R", "2008MNRAS.389.1805D", "2008PhR...466..179D", "2009A&A...499...87K", "2009A&A...500..693J", "2009A&A...502..427V", "2009A&A...502..771D", "2009AJ....138.1741C", "2009ApJ...691.1595K", "2009ApJ...700.1382C", "2009PhRvL.103r1302P", "2009eimw.confE...9K", "2010AJ....139.2716C", "2010ApJ...715..972J", "2010ApJ...716L..14H", "2010ApJ...717..603V", "2010ApJS..191....1C", "2010MNRAS.408.2008T", "2011A&A...528A..46F", "2011ApJ...727...41K", "2011ApJ...735...76K", "2011ApJS..197...33S", "2011MNRAS.416.1197W", "2012AN....333..405L", "2012ApJ...754...84Y", "2012ApJS..200....4F", "2012JCAP...01..042H", "2012MNRAS.422.1609T", "2012MNRAS.427.1651H", "2012arXiv1209.3114M", "2013ApJ...767..133P", "2013MNRAS.428..834D", "2013MNRAS.432.1162L", "2013MNRAS.436.1057D", "2014A&A...570A..69B", "2014ApJ...780..119K", "2014ApJ...794..103D", "2015A&A...576A..76B", "2015ApJ...799..172T", "2015ApJ...802...30Z", "2015ApJ...806..103R", "2015ApJ...811...28T", "2015ApJ...812...34L", "2016A&A...587A..68B", "2016A&A...596A..11B", "2016ASSL..435..381R", "2016MNRAS.459.3574C", "2017A&A...603A.104H", "2017A&A...604A..59M", "2017AJ....153...89O", "2017ApJ...835..212K", "2017MNRAS.471.1428V", "2017PASJ...69...42H", "2018A&A...614A..56B", "2018ApJ...860L...3K", "2018ApJ...865...40L", "2018MNRAS.473.5446V", "2018MNRAS.479..377T", "2018MNRAS.479.4367K", "2019A&A...623A...1I", "2019MNRAS.483.2251Z", "2020A&A...635A.135K", "2020ApJ...901...95C", "2021A&A...647A..80J", "2021A&A...651A..16B", "2021AJ....161..268M", "2021ApJS..257...21B", "2021MNRAS.508.5239Y", "2022A&ARv..30....3B", "2022AJ....164...18M", "2022AJ....164...44M", "2022MNRAS.517.2912L", "2024AstBu..79...71D", "2024MNRAS.531.3445G", "2024PhRvD.109d3034A", "2024arXiv240415519R" ]
[ "1975ApJ...198..249B", "1976A&A....49..137C", "1977ApJ...218..333K", "1979ApJ...234L..27F", "1980ApJ...236..351D", "1984ApJ...278..536S", "1985AJ.....90.1681B", "1985ApJ...295...73K", "1987AJ.....94..251B", "1987gady.book.....B", "1988ASPC....5..143F", "1989ApJ...337...21H", "1989ApJS...70..723M", "1989Natur.340..289T", "1990AJ....100.1416T", "1991A&A...246L..10B", "1992A&A...259L..31B", "1993A&A...271..413H", "1993A&A...272..137S", "1993A&AS...98..275B", "1993ApJ...404L...9M", "1993MNRAS.261L...8W", "1993MNRAS.265.1013C", "1993Sci...260.1769T", "1994ApJ...428..544D", "1994MNRAS.269..589W", "1994Natur.368..828B", "1994clga.conf...23W", "1995A&A...293..337E", "1995A&A...301..865N", "1995ApJ...443..514P", "1995ApJ...445..578D", "1995ApJ...446..583B", "1995ApJ...447L..21Z", "1995ApL&C..31...95B", "1995MNRAS.273...72W", "1995MNRAS.274.1093N", "1995MNRAS.275..720N", "1995MNRAS.277.1047R", "1996A&A...305..435B", "1996A&A...312..397G", "1996ApJ...457..565B", "1996ApJ...462...32C", "1996ApJ...462..563N", "1996ApJ...467..168B", "1996ApJ...470..724M", "1996ApJ...471..683I", "1996MNRAS.279..595D", "1996MNRAS.279..615A", "1996rftu.proc..637V", "1997A&A...317..646S", "1997A&A...327...37S", "1997ApJ...478..462C", "1997ApJ...479...70S", "1997ApJ...480..203S", "1997ApJ...482...41G", "1997ApJ...482..648S", "1997ApJ...490..493N", "1997MNRAS.289..123N", "1997Natur.388..146H", "1997NewA....2..501F", "1997eds..proc..137T", "1998A&A...334..789B", "1998A&A...338..843S", "1998ApJ...495..115F", "1998ApJ...498..606S", "1998MNRAS.298..451M", "1998PhDT........33M", "1999elss.conf..296T" ]
11655251
astro-ph/9811373
Toward an Understanding of the Globular Cluster Overabundance around the Central Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1399
We investigate the kinematics of a combined sample of 74 globular clusters around NGC 1399. Their high velocity dispersion, increasing with radius, indicates their association with the gravitational potential of the galaxy cluster rather than with that of NGC 1399 itself. We find no evidence for rotation in the full sample, although there is some indication of rotation in the outer regions. The data do not allow us to detect differences between the kinematics of the blue and red subpopulations of globular clusters. A comparison of the globular cluster systems of NGC 1399 and those of NGC 1404 and NGC 1380 indicates that the globular clusters in all three galaxies are likely to have formed via similar mechanisms and at similar epochs. The only property that distinguishes the NGC 1399 globular cluster system from these others is that it is 10 times more abundant. We summarize the evidence for associating these excess globular clusters with the galaxy cluster rather than with NGC 1399 itself and suggest that the overabundance can be explained by tidal stripping, at an early epoch, of neighboring galaxies and subsequent accumulation of globular clusters in the gravitational potential of the galaxy cluster.
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9.929401
8.081062
1999-03-01
68
1999AJ....117.1206K
[ "globular clusters", "neighboring galaxies", "NGC", "these excess globular clusters", "similar epochs", "74 globular clusters", "the globular clusters", "the globular cluster systems", "the galaxy cluster", "tidal stripping" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: EVOLUTION", "GALAXIES: FORMATION", "GALAXIES: HALOS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "GALAXY: GLOBULAR CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300762", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9811373" ]
[ "Kissler-Patig, Markus", "Grillmair, Carl J.", "Meylan, Georges", "Brodie, Jean P.", "Minniti, Dante", "Goudfrooij, Paul" ]
[ "UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064", "California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125", "European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany", "UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA", "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; and Departament of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile", "Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218" ]
[ "1999A&AS..138...55H", "1999AJ....118.1506B", "1999ASPC..182..415B", "1999ASPC..182..433K", "1999Ap&SS.269..469E", "2000AJ....119..162C", "2000AJ....120..777P", "2000ASPC..211...55K", "2000ASPC..221..159A", "2000PASA...17..227D", "2000PASP..112..932V", "2000RvMA...13...13K", "2000cucg.confE..61B", "2001A&A...370..176M", "2001ASPC..230..409A", "2001ApJ...553..722R", "2001ApJ...559..828C", "2001ApJ...560..201P", "2001MNRAS.322..643G", "2001Msngr.106...15G", "2001PABei..19..477L", "2001stcl.conf..223H", "2002A&A...383..791N", "2002A&A...383..823M", "2002ASPC..253..477E", "2002ApJ...565..883P", "2002ApJ...570..119D", "2002IAUS..207..207K", "2002IAUS..207..263R", "2002IAUS..207..281H", "2002MNRAS.335.1176B", "2002PhDT.........7P", "2002RMxAC..14...38D", "2003A&A...399..489B", "2003JKAS...36..189L", "2003MNRAS.344..134H", "2003MNRAS.344.1334B", "2003egcs.conf..293R", "2004A&A...414..515F", "2004AJ....127.2094R", "2004AJ....127.2114D", "2004bdmh.confE..65S", "2005A&A...439..533R", "2005ApJ...618..692N", "2005AstHe..98..718S", "2005astro.ph..1166S", "2006MNRAS.367..156B", "2006astro.ph..5064B", "2007ApJ...658..993T", "2008A&A...489.1023M", "2008ApJ...674..857L", "2008ApJ...674..869H", "2008MNRAS.386.1145B", "2010ApJ...709..377P", "2010ApJ...709.1083L", "2010MNRAS.406.2732L", "2011A&A...530A..31L", "2012A&A...537A...3M", "2012ApJ...757..184P", "2013ASPC..470..327R", "2013ApJ...763...40K", "2013MNRAS.433.1444P", "2014ApJ...794..103D", "2016MNRAS.459.4450W", "2017ApJ...835...19S", "2018A&A...611A..93C", "2020A&A...639A.136C", "2022A&A...657A..93C" ]
[ "1978ApJ...225..357S", "1981AJ.....86.1627H", "1984ARA&A..22..185D", "1985ApJ...298....8H", "1986AJ.....91..822H", "1986ApJ...309..564H", "1987AJ.....93...53M", "1987AJ.....93..779H", "1987MNRAS.227..185W", "1987PASP...99..245M", "1988AJ.....95..985D", "1988ApJ...325..165K", "1988IAUS..126..205H", "1989AJ.....98..367F", "1989AJ.....98..538F", "1989ApJ...336..639B", "1990AJ.....99.1823M", "1990AJ....100...32B", "1990ApJ...350L...5G", "1990IAUS..139..377M", "1991A&A...241..399W", "1991AJ....101..469B", "1991ARA&A..29..543H", "1991ApJ...379..157B", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992A&A...264...25R", "1992PhDT.......171G", "1993A&A...268..443W", "1993AJ....105.1596B", "1993AJ....105.1762O", "1993ASPC...50..357P", "1993MNRAS.264..611Z", "1993MNRAS.265..755W", "1994A&AS..104..179G", "1994AJ....107.2067G", "1994ApJ...422..486M", "1994ApJ...422L...9G", "1994Msngr..76...40A", "1995AJ....109..543B", "1995AJ....109.1663M", "1995AJ....109.2553G", "1995ApJ...449..592H", "1995ApJ...450...27V", "1995ApJ...453L..77W", "1996A&A...309L..39K", "1996AJ....112..972D", "1996ApJ...465L..19B", "1996ApJ...472..145A", "1996MNRAS.279..349D", "1996Natur.379..427I", "1997A&A...319...83K", "1997A&A...319..470K", "1997A&A...327..503K", "1997AJ....113.1652F", "1997AJ....114..482B", "1997ApJ...474..223G", "1997ApJ...482..143J", "1997ApJ...486..230C", "1997ApJ...491L..23M", "1997MNRAS.284L..11T", "1997PhDT........28K", "1998AJ....115..105K", "1998AJ....115..121M", "1998AJ....115..947L", "1998AJ....115.1801H", "1998AJ....115.2337S", "1998AJ....116.2237K", "1998AJ....116.2854O", "1998ApJ...496..808C", "1998ApJ...501..554C", "1998MNRAS.293..325F", "1998MNRAS.297..427A", "1998MNRAS.299..267D", "1998Natur.391..461F", "1998PhDT........37H", "1998gcs..book.....A", "1999A&AS..134...59H", "1999A&AS..134...75H", "1999AJ....117..167G" ]
11668042
astro-ph/9808018
Cluster winds blow along supercluster axes
Within Abell galaxy clusters containing wide-angle tailed (WAT) radio sources, there is evidence of a `prevailing wind' which directs the WAT jets. We study the alignment of WAT jets and nearby clusters to test the idea that this wind may be a fossil of drainage along large-scale supercluster axes. We also test this idea with a study of the alignment of WAT jets and supercluster axes. Statistical tests indicate no alignment of WAT jets towards nearest neighbour clusters, but do indicate approximately 98 per cent confidence in alignment with the long axis of the supercluster in which the cluster lies. We find a preferred scale for such superclusters of order 25 h^-1 Mpc.
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14.542871
5.311339
1999-03-01
21
1999MNRAS.304L...5N
[ "WAT jets", "neighbour clusters", "nearby clusters", "galaxy clusters", "alignment", "such superclusters", "supercluster axes", "the WAT jets", "large-scale supercluster axes", "Statistical tests" ]
[ "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: GENERAL", "INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM", "LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02428.x", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9808018" ]
[ "Novikov, Dmitri I.", "Melott, Adrian L.", "Wilhite, Brian C.", "Kaufman, Michael", "Burns, Jack O.", "Miller, Christopher J.", "Batuski, David J." ]
[ "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA", "Office of Research and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5709, USA", "Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5709, USA" ]
[ "1999ApJ...520L...5L", "1999ApJ...526L..61M", "1999astro.ph.12362M", "2000ApJ...544..104C", "2000MNRAS.311..649S", "2001AJ....122.2222E", "2001cghr.confE..17P", "2002ASSL..276..299P", "2002ApJ...565..849C", "2002MNRAS.329L..47P", "2002NewAR..46..135B", "2003A&A...405..821E", "2003ApJ...590L...9K", "2003ApJ...591..741F", "2005A&A...436...17E", "2005MNRAS.358..256P", "2006CQGra..23.4497B", "2007ApJS..172..295S", "2021ApJ...907...65G", "2023ApJ...955..103W", "2023Galax..11...67O" ]
[ "1979A&A....77..183V", "1982A&A...107..338B", "1982Natur.300..407Z", "1983PhRvL..51..935M", "1984MNRAS.210P..19B", "1984SvA....28..491S", "1985AJ.....90..927O", "1985ApJ...299....5B", "1987ApJS...63..543S", "1989AJ.....98...64Z", "1989ApJ...338..711U", "1989ApJ...347..610W", "1990ApJS...72...75O", "1992ApJ...384..404P", "1992ApJ...393..415K", "1993ApJ...410..469M", "1993ApJ...416...36P", "1994AIPC..313..183B", "1995MNRAS.274...99P", "1996ApJ...473..651R", "1996Natur.380..603B", "1997AJ....114.1711G", "1997ApJ...474..580G", "1997ApJ...479..632S", "1997astro.ph.11040C", "1998ApJS..115....1S", "1998Sci...280..400.", "1998Sci...280..400B" ]
11654478
astro-ph/9812201
The light curves of the short-period variable stars in the Carina dwarf Spheroidal galaxy
The light curves of the high-amplitude, short-period variable stars discovered by Mateo et al. (1998) in the Carina dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy were re-analyzed to refine their properties and compare them with those of galactic stars. In spite of a different pulsation mode established by means of different PLM relationships, the Fourier parameters did not reveal a separation between the two groups; however, they are slightly different from those of galactic stars. The possibility that some of these stars are double-mode pulsators is suggested.
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7.664999
10.438459
1999-03-01
13
1999A&A...343..385P
[ "galactic stars", "different PLM relationships", "Mateo et al", "Spheroidal Galaxy", "a different pulsation mode", "Carina", "Mateo", "means", "PLM", "Fourier" ]
[ "METHODS: DATA ANALYSIS", "STARS: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION", "MASS FUNCTION", "STARS: OSCILLATIONS", "STARS: VARIABLES: DELTA SCT", "GALAXIES: DWARF", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: CARINA DWARF SPHEROIDAL", "Astrophysics" ]
2
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9812201" ]
[ "Poretti, E." ]
[ "Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy" ]
[ "1999A&A...346..487P", "2000ASPC..203..187M", "2000ASPC..203..408H", "2000ASPC..210...45P", "2000PASP..112..434T", "2000PASP..112.1096M", "2001ApJ...554.1124S", "2006MmSAI..77..219P", "2007AJ....133.2752M", "2008ApJ...685..947P", "2011AJ....142..110M", "2012MNRAS.419..342C", "2015ASSL..413..129M" ]
[ "1971Ap&SS..12...10V", "1983MNRAS.203..917D", "1986A&A...169..122A", "1990A&A...228..350P", "1998AJ....115.1856M", "1998PASP..110.1156M" ]
11654409
astro-ph/9812325
BeppoSAX observation of NGC 3923, and the problem of the X-ray emission in E/S0 galaxies of low and medium L_X/L_B
We present the results of the analysis of the BeppoSAX LECS and MECS pointed observation of the E4 galaxy NGC 3923, for which previous X-ray measurements had given a medium X-ray to optical ratio L_X/L_B. The spectral analysis over (0.5-10) keV reveals that the best representation of the data is the superposition of two thermal components at temperatures of 0.4 keV and 6-8 keV. The total emission is roughly equally divided between the two components, over (0.5-4.5) keV. Abundances are very subsolar at the best fit, but not constrained by the data. The harder component is consistent with an origin from stellar sources; the softer component likely comes from hot gas. L_X of this hot gas is not as large as expected for a global inflow, in a galaxy of an optical luminosity as high as that of NGC 3923. So, it is suggested that a substantial amount of hot gas was removed by internal agents, and that this process was helped by the flat mass distribution of the galaxy. Another possibility is that gas was lost as a consequence of the episod of interaction or merger that produced the system of shells visible in the optical band. Finally, the possible origins of the large scatter in the X-ray emission shown by galaxies of similar L_B are also reviewed. Like NGC 3923, many other low and medium L_X/L_B galaxies reside in small groups, in which the ambient medium (if present) cannot strip them of their hot gas; so, if only environmental factors are invoked to lower L_X/L_B, the most effective mechanism must be galaxy interactions. The lower L_X/L_B galaxies, though, are seen to occur across the whole range of galaxy densities. Another possibility, to remove some or all of the hot gas, appeals to mechanisms internal to the galaxies, such as heating of the gas by supernovae explosions or accretion onto central massive black holes. This has been shown to work in general, for a large range of L_B, but it is not clear yet whether the hot gas abundances estimated from recent observations can be accomodated in it.
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12.540094
7.330326
1999-03-01
8
1999A&A...343...23P
[ "hot gas", "gas", "galaxies", "galaxy densities", "previous X-ray measurements", "similar L_B", "L_B", "the hot gas abundances", "optical ratio", "central massive black holes" ]
[ "GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR", "CD", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC 3923", "GALAXIES: ISM", "X-RAYS: GALAXIES", "Astrophysics" ]
3
[ "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9812325" ]
[ "Pellegrini, S." ]
[ "Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, I-40126 Bologna, Italy" ]
[ "1999A&A...349...88K", "1999MNRAS.310..483B", "2000A&A...359..509M", "2000A&A...364...53T", "2002A&A...386..472T", "2004MNRAS.349..535O", "2006A&A...458...53S", "2012ASSL..378...21P" ]
[ "1977ApJS...35..419R", "1979ApJ...228..939C", "1979ApJ...230..540G", "1982ApJ...257..423H", "1984ApJ...279..596Q", "1985ApJ...293..102F", "1987ApJ...312..503C", "1987ApJ...316..127F", "1987ApJ...320...32S", "1989ARA&A..27...87F", "1989ApJ...344..613F", "1989ApJ...345...22S", "1989ApJS...69..763F", "1989PASJ...41..697M", "1990panb.book.....K", "1991ApJ...367..476W", "1991ApJ...376..380C", "1991MNRAS.249..779F", "1991MNRAS.253..256T", "1991rc3..book.....D", "1992ApJ...393..134K", "1992ApJ...400..699B", "1992ApJS...79...77S", "1992ApJS...80..531F", "1992MNRAS.255..431J", "1992PhyS...46..202F", "1993A&AS...97..443K", "1993A&AS..100...47G", "1993ApJ...419...52R", "1993ApJS...86...95P", "1994A&A...292..395P", "1994ApJ...429...94F", "1994ApJ...429..105P", "1994ApJ...436L..41M", "1995ApJ...438L.115L", "1995ApJ...439..113D", "1995ApJ...451..111B", "1995ApJS..100..105M", "1996ApJ...468..175K", "1996ApJ...470..747B", "1996ApJ...470..762F", "1996MNRAS.279..240C", "1997A&A...318..361T", "1997A&A...322..431C", "1997A&AS..122..299B", "1997A&AS..122..309P", "1997A&AS..122..327B", "1997ASPC..116..401M", "1997ApJ...477..128A", "1997ApJ...482..133M", "1997ApJ...487L.105C", "1997MNRAS.288....1P", "1998A&A...333..433P", "1998ApJ...499..650I", "1998ApJ...499L..13M", "1998ApJ...503L..15M", "1998MNRAS.293..489S", "1998MNRAS.294..182C", "1998MNRAS.296..977B", "1998MNRAS.298..811B", "1999MNRAS.309..685B" ]
2105453
null
ZW 0855+06: A Wolf-Rayet Dwarf Galaxy Triggered by a Dwarf-Dwarf Interaction
We present narrowband (Hα and adjacent continuum) and broadband (B and V) optical images of the dwarf Wolf-Rayet galaxy Zw 0855+06 and its companion, together with high-resolution Hα spectroscopy of the main galaxy. We find a bridge of ~14.7 kpc (~65") in length and stellar nature connecting both galaxies, a feature that undoubtedly indicates their mutual interaction. We infer from the narrow width of the bridge that at least one of these two dwarf galaxies had a well-developed disk before the interaction. The light of the main galaxy (M_B=-17.82) is dominated by a young and massive ionizing population. There is ample reason to believe that a gravitational interaction with the companion caused the starburst. The companion (M_B=-15.84) does not show any evidence of ionized gas, and its population has a B-V color that suggests the presence of intermediate-age (~10^9 yr) stars. This case highlights the concept that bursts in H II dwarf galaxies may be caused by interactions with lower luminosity companions. We anticipate that ruling out interactions as the origin of bursts in dwarf galaxies will require deeper surveys than are currently available. We find a backward outflow with a velocity of about 47 km s^-1 in the southeast part (~880 pc from the center) of the main galaxy, suggesting the presence of dynamical effects on the interstellar gas arising from the mechanical action of the massive stars or the interaction process.
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11.780322
8.145469
1999-03-01
10
1999AJ....117.1229M
[ "dwarf galaxies", "H II dwarf galaxies", "interactions", "lower luminosity companions", "ionized gas", "bursts", "the main galaxy", "stellar nature", "~880 pc", "V" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INTERACTIONS", "GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS", "STARS: WOLF-RAYET" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300788" ]
[ "Méndez, David I.", "Esteban, César", "Balcells, Marc" ]
[ "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain", "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain" ]
[ "1999A&A...348..446E", "1999AJ....117.1688M", "1999AJ....118.2723M", "2000A&A...359..493M", "2006AJ....132..596G", "2008A&A...491..131L", "2010ApJ...714.1256C", "2012MNRAS.426.1808T", "2014MNRAS.445.1694L", "2016MNRAS.462...92J" ]
[ "1972ApJ...173...25S", "1976A&A....47..371C", "1981AJ.....86..161G", "1981MNRAS.195..839T", "1982ApJ...252..487B", "1984A&A...132..342E", "1984ApJ...284..544G", "1985A&A...142..411K", "1988AJ.....96....1T", "1988ApJ...334..144K", "1988MNRAS.235..827B", "1990AJ.....99..497S", "1990AJ.....99.1621O", "1990AJ....100.1091P", "1990MNRAS.247..166R", "1990dig..book..146B", "1991A&A...241..358C", "1991ApJ...367..126C", "1991ApJ...381...14L", "1992A&A...256L..19M", "1992AJ....104..340L", "1992ApJ...401..543V", "1992sfss.conf..479M", "1993A&A...273..331M", "1993AJ....105..128T", "1993AJ....106.1784C", "1993ApJ...405..464Z", "1993MNRAS.262..627L", "1994A&A...289...83D", "1994AJ....108.1557R", "1994dwga.work..371M", "1995ApJS...96....9L", "1995ApJS...99..427T", "1995MNRAS.275....1T", "1996A&AS..120..207P", "1996ApJS..107..143T", "1996PASP..108..996L", "1997A&AS..125..329D", "1997AJ....113.2031W", "1997ApJ...478...39Z", "1997ApJ...488..652M" ]
2134350
null
The Fundamental Parameters of Cosmology
I describe the evidence for the big bang, including the various cosmological parameters. There is general concordance on their values, although the uncertainties remain large enough to justify the ensuing debate. Structure formation is reviewed, and here there is consensus on the hierarchical nature of the sequence of formation. The cosmic microwave background anisotropies provide a glimpse of the initial conditions that seeded structure, and the evolution of clouds of dark matter is an inevitable consequence. There are two outstanding mysteries: the very beginning, where a theory of quantum gravity is eagerly awaited, and the detailed nature of galaxy formation, where observations are well ahead of theory.
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11.480988
0.545319
1999-03-01
1
1999PASP..111..258S
[ "Structure formation", "galaxy formation", "dark matter", "formation", "quantum gravity", "general concordance", "structure", "theory", "clouds", "consensus" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND", "COSMOLOGY: THEORY", "COSMOLOGY: LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE" ]
0
[ "10.1086/316327" ]
[ "Silk, Joseph" ]
[ "Departments of Astronomy and Physics, and Center for Particle Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720" ]
[ "2002ApJ...569..582B" ]
[ "1997Natur.386...37H", "1998ApJ...507...46S", "1998MNRAS.294L...1H", "1998PhR...307...23C", "1998PhR...307...45F", "1998RvMP...70..303S" ]
2105340
null
The System ESO 296-IG11
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the system ESO 296-IG11, which is composed of two galaxies, as well as observations of a small galaxy 1.3‧ distant. Colors through the entire system show little variation and reflect the presence of about the same young stellar composition. The quite blue colors of the observed regions in both galaxies of the system indicate star formation activity, and the distribution of the regions through the bodies of the galaxies suggests that a quite generalized starburst has taken place. The spectra of these regions are characteristic of H II regions of comparatively high excitation; their oxygen and nitrogen abundances are low, and their N(N)/N(O) ratios are comparable to those of the Magellanic Clouds and late spiral galaxies. The low abundances of the regions would be consistent with the ages derived for the bursts of star formation in their interiors. The high equivalent widths of the Hα+[N II] emission lines of the integrated spectra of both galaxies indicate enhanced star formation rates compared with isolated galaxies and are compatible with those observed in mergers of two disk galaxies. The velocities indicate that the two galaxies are a physical pair and that they are linked with the small nearby galaxy. The derived information suggests that ESO 296-IG11 is composed of two advanced late-type galaxies with similar general properties, which, together with the small nearby galaxy, constitute a triple system.
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11.414133
7.91702
1999-03-01
1
1999AJ....117.1151A
[ "late spiral galaxies", "isolated galaxies", "H II regions", "star formation activity", "enhanced star formation rates", "star formation", "the small nearby galaxy", "Hα+[N II", "nitrogen abundances", "a small galaxy" ]
[ "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: ALPHANUMERIC: ESO 296-IG11", "GALAXIES: PECULIAR", "ISM: H II REGIONS", "TECHNIQUES: PHOTOMETRIC", "TECHNIQUES: SPECTROSCOPIC" ]
0
[ "10.1086/300761" ]
[ "Agüero, E. L.", "Paolantonio, S.", "Günthardt, G." ]
[ "Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, and CONICET, Laprida 854, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina", "Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Laprida 854, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina", "Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Laprida 854, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina" ]
[ "2000A&AS..141..385V" ]
[ "1968adga.book.....S", "1971PASP...83..310A", "1978MNRAS.184..569P", "1979A&AS...35...55L", "1979MNRAS.187P..73S", "1982PASP...94..244G", "1983MNRAS.204..347S", "1984MNRAS.211..507E", "1985ApJS...57....1M", "1985cgqo.book.....L", "1987cspg.book.....A", "1988ApJ...335...74B", "1989agna.book.....O", "1990AJ....100.1489W", "1991RC3...C......0D", "1992BICDS..41...31H", "1994AJ....107...99R", "1995ApJ...450..547L", "1995ApJS...96....9L" ]
11656243
astro-ph/9811006
On Measuring Nebular Chemical Abundances in Distant Galaxies Using Global Emission-Line Spectra
The advent of 8-10 m class telescopes enables direct measurement of the chemical properties in the ionized gas of cosmologically distant galaxies with the same nebular analysis techniques used in local H II regions. We show that spatially unresolved (i.e., global) emission-line spectra can reliably indicate the chemical properties of distant star-forming galaxies. However, standard nebular chemical abundance measurement methods (those with a measured electron temperature from [O III] λ4363) may be subject to small systematic errors when the observed volume includes a mixture of gas with diverse temperatures, ionization parameters, and metallicities. To characterize these systematic effects, we compare physical conditions derived from spectroscopy of individual H II regions with results from global galaxy spectroscopy. We consider both low-mass, metal-poor galaxies with uniform abundances and larger galaxies with internal chemical gradients. For low-mass galaxies, standard chemical analyses using global spectra produce small systematic errors in that the derived electron temperatures are 1000-3000 K too high due to nonuniform electron temperatures and large variations in the ionization parameter. As a result, the oxygen abundances derived from direct measurements of the electron temperatures are too low, but it is possible to compensate for this effect by applying a correction of Δ(O/H)&lt;=+0.1 dex to the oxygen abundances derived from global spectra. For more massive metal-rich galaxies like local spiral galaxies, direct measurements of electron temperatures are seldom possible from global spectra. Well-established empirical calibrations using strong-line ratios can serve as reliable (+/-0.2 dex) indicators of the overall systemic oxygen abundance even when the signal to noise of the Hβ and [O III] emission lines is as low as 8:1. We present prescriptions, directed toward high-redshift observers, for using global emission-line spectra to trace the chemical properties of star-forming galaxies in the distant universe.
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11.386624
8.419366
1999-04-01
371
1999ApJ...514..544K
[ "global galaxy spectroscopy", "electron temperatures", "standard nebular chemical abundance measurement methods", "global spectra", "larger galaxies", "local spiral galaxies", "diverse temperatures", "direct measurement", "direct measurements", "emission lines" ]
[ "COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS", "GALAXIES: ABUNDANCES", "GALAXIES: ISM", "GALAXIES: SPIRAL", "H II REGIONS", "ISM: ABUNDANCES", "TECHNIQUES: SPECTROSCOPIC", "Cosmology: Observations", "Galaxies: Abundances", "galaxies: ISM", "galaxies: spiral", "H II regions", "ISM: Abundances", "techniques: spectroscopic", "Astrophysics" ]
5
[ "10.1086/306987", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9811006" ]
[ "Kobulnicky, Henry A.", "Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr.", "Pizagno, James L." ]
[ "University of California, Santa Cruz Lick Observatory/Board of Studies in Astronomy, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;", "University of Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721; ,", "University of Arizona, Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721; ," ]
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11656224
astro-ph/9812157
The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XV. A Cepheid Distance to the Fornax Cluster and Its Implications
Using the Hubble Space Telescope, 37 long-period Cepheid variables have been discovered in the Fornax Cluster spiral galaxy NGC 1365. The resulting V and I period-luminosity relations yield a true distance modulus of μ<SUB>0</SUB>=31.35+/-0.07 mag, which corresponds to a distance of 18.6+/-0.6 Mpc. This measurement provides several routes for estimating the Hubble constant. (1) Assuming this distance for the Fornax Cluster as a whole yields a local Hubble constant of 70+/-18 (random) +/-7 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. (2) Nine Cepheid-based distances to groups of galaxies out to and including the Fornax and Virgo Clusters yield H<SUB>0</SUB>=73+/-16 (random) +/-7 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. (3) Recalibrating the I-band Tully-Fisher relation using NGC 1365 and six nearby spiral galaxies, and applying it to 15 galaxy clusters out to 100 Mpc, give H<SUB>0</SUB>=76+/-3 (random) +/-8 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. (4) Using a broad-based set of differential cluster distance moduli ranging from Fornax to Abell 2147 gives H<SUB>0</SUB>=72+/-3 (random) +/-6 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. Finally, (5) assuming the NGC 1365 distance for the two additional Type Ia supernovae in Fornax and adding them to the SN Ia calibration (correcting for light-curve shape) gives H<SUB>0</SUB>=67+/-6 (random) +/-7 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP> out to a distance in excess of 500 Mpc. All five of these H<SUB>0</SUB> determinations agree to within their statistical errors. The resulting estimate of the Hubble constant, combining all of these determinations, is H<SUB>0</SUB>=72+/-5 (random) +/-7 (systematic) km s<SUP>-1</SUP> Mpc<SUP>-1</SUP>. An extensive tabulation of identified systematic and statistical errors, and their propagation, is given.
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11.521593
1.82098
1999-04-01
100
1999ApJ...515...29M
[ "differential cluster distance moduli", "Fornax", "H", "<SUB>0</SUB>=67+/-6", "<SUB>0</SUB>=72+/-3", "the Fornax Cluster spiral galaxy", "galaxies", "km", "Hubble", "several routes" ]
[ "STARS: VARIABLES: CEPHEIDS", "COSMOLOGY: DISTANCE SCALE", "GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: NAME: FORNAX", "GALAXIES: DISTANCES AND REDSHIFTS", "GALAXIES: INDIVIDUAL: NGC NUMBER: NGC 1365", "Stars: Variables: Cepheids", "Cosmology: Distance Scale", "Galaxies: Clusters: Individual: Name: Fornax", "Galaxies: Distances and Redshifts", "Galaxies: Individual: NGC Number: NGC 1365", "Astrophysics" ]
8
[ "10.1086/307004", "10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/9812157" ]
[ "Madore, Barry F.", "Freedman, Wendy L.", "Silbermann, N.", "Harding, Paul", "Huchra, John", "Mould, Jeremy R.", "Graham, John A.", "Ferrarese, Laura", "Gibson, Brad K.", "Han, Mingsheng", "Hoessel, John G.", "Hughes, Shaun M.", "Illingworth, Garth D.", "Phelps, Randy", "Sakai, Shoko", "Stetson, Peter" ]
[ "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125.", "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101.", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125.", "Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.", "Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138.", "Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Institute of Advanced Studies, Private Bag, Weston Creek Post Office, ACT 2611, Australia.", "Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015.", "Hubble Fellow, California Institute of Technology, MS 105-24 Robinson Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125.", "Mount Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Institute of Advanced Studies, Private Bag, Weston Creek Post Office, ACT 2611, Australia.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706.", "Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706.", "Royal Greenwich Observatory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, England CB3 0HA, UK.", "Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.", "Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101.", "Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125.", "Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V8X 4M6, Canada." ]
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[ "1929PNAS...15..168H", "1965ApJS...11..216L", "1975gaun.book..557D", "1980AJ.....85..801S", "1980ApJ...239...12A", "1986A&AS...66..255K", "1988AJ.....96.1520F", "1989AJ.....98..367F", "1990ApJ...355L..35F", "1990ApJ...360..448H", "1990ApJ...365..186F", "1991AJ....102..208H", "1991PASP..103..933M", "1992ApJ...387...47P", "1992ApJS...81...35H", "1992ApJS...81..413M", "1992BICDS..41...31H", "1992PASP..104..599J", "1993A&A...276....1J", "1993ApJ...416...62M", "1993PASP..105.1342S", "1994ApJ...430...53P", "1994ApJ...435L..31F", "1994Natur.371..757F", "1994PASP..106..250S", "1995AJ....109....1H", "1995AJ....110.1476K", "1995ApJ...449..413M", "1995PASP..107..156H", "1995PhDT.......298S", "1995coec.book.....C", "1996AJ....112.2391H", "1996ApJ...460L..15S", "1996ApJ...463...60B", "1996ApJ...464..568F", "1996ApJ...466...55S", "1996ApJ...470....1S", "1996ApJ...473...88R", "1996QJRAS..37..519W", "1996Sci...271..957C", "1997A&A...324..471S", "1997AJ....114..161R", "1997ApJ...477..535G", "1997ApJ...477L...1G", "1997ApJ...490..517R", "1997ApJ...491...13K", "1997MNRAS.286L...1F", "1997cdc..conf...92F", "1997eds..proc..137T", "1997eds..proc..158M", "1997eds..proc..171F", "1997eds..proc..239M", "1997upa..conf...49P", "1998AJ....116.2873J", "1998ApJ...492..110M", "1998ApJ...493..519S", "1998ApJ...496..648H", "1998ApJ...498..181K", "1998ApJ...499..577L", "1998ApJ...500..763P", "1998ApJ...503..483Z", "1998ApJ...505..111J", "1998MNRAS.296L..15D", "1998Natur.395...47M", "1999ApJ...515....1S" ]